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Pakistan Affairs
Ideology of Pakistan
1. What is meant by the Ideology of Pakistan?
A) A democratic system
B) A cultural heritage
C) A religious belief based state
D) A socialist economy
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The ideology of Pakistan is based on the belief that Muslims should have a
separate state where they can live according to Islamic teachings.
2. The foundation of the Ideology of Pakistan was laid by:
A) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
B) Allama Iqbal
C) Quaid-e-Azam
D) The Ulama
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Sir Syed Ahmed Khan first emphasized the separate identity of Muslims after
1857, laying the groundwork for Pakistan’s ideology.
3. The Ideology of Pakistan is based on:
A) Islam
B) Socialism
C) Hindu-Muslim unity
D) Western democracy
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Pakistan was created as a homeland for Muslims to practice Islam freely.
4. The slogan “Pakistan ka matlab kya? La ilaha illallah” was given by:
A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Chaudhry Rehmat Ali
C) Allama Iqbal
D) Asghar Sodai
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Asghar Sodai coined this slogan in 1940, expressing the Islamic basis of Pakistan's
ideology.
5. The term “Two-Nation Theory” means:
A) One nation with two cultures
B) Hindus and Muslims are two different nations
C) Two separate countries for Hindus
D) India and Pakistan are one nation
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✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Two-Nation Theory states that Muslims and Hindus are distinct nations with
different religions, cultures, and values.
6. The ideology of Pakistan is deeply linked with the teachings of:
A) Aristotle
B) Lenin
C) Islam
D) Western philosophers
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The ideology of Pakistan is rooted in Islamic teachings, values, and principles.
7. The demand for a separate homeland for Muslims was first clearly expressed by:
A) Quaid-e-Azam
B) Allama Iqbal
C) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
D) Liaquat Ali Khan
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: In his Allahabad Address (1930), Allama Iqbal presented the idea of a separate
Muslim state.
8. Who is considered the "Architect of the Ideology of Pakistan"?
A) Quaid-e-Azam
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Allama Iqbal
D) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Allama Iqbal envisioned an independent Muslim state and laid the philosophical
foundation of the ideology.
9. Which movement played a vital role in shaping the ideology of Pakistan?
A) Quit India Movement
B) Khilafat Movement
C) Aligarh Movement
D) Civil Disobedience Movement
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The Aligarh Movement focused on Muslim education and awareness, helping
build a separate identity.
10. Which ideology did the creation of Pakistan reject?
A) Capitalism
B) Two-Nation Theory
C) Indian nationalism
D) None of the above
✅ Correct Answer: C
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Explanation: Pakistan was created on the belief that Indian nationalism could not serve
Muslims' interests.
11. Quaid-e-Azam said: “Pakistan was created the day the first Indian entered Islam.” This
reflects:
A) Modern thinking
B) Political ideology
C) Islamic identity of Pakistan
D) British influence
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He emphasized the historic and religious roots of Pakistan’s ideology.
12. What is the basic objective of the Ideology of Pakistan?
A) Hindu-Muslim unity
B) Promotion of socialism
C) Establishment of Islamic society
D) Industrial development
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The aim was to create a society based on Islamic principles.
13. Ideology gives:
A) Economic direction
B) Religious rituals only
C) National unity and purpose
D) None of the above
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: A strong ideology unites people and guides national goals.
14. The Ideology of Pakistan ensures:
A) Cultural diversity
B) Western influence
C) Protection of Islamic values
D) Secularism
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It aims to safeguard the Islamic way of life for Muslims.
15. Quaid-e-Azam associated Pakistan’s ideology with:
A) Capitalism
B) Islam
C) Hinduism
D) British traditions
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: He repeatedly emphasized that Pakistan was made for Muslims to live by Islamic
principles.
16. The first practical step towards the creation of Pakistan was:
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A) Lahore Resolution
B) Formation of Muslim League
C) Aligarh Movement
D) Round Table Conference
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The Aligarh Movement helped Muslims rise politically and educationally.
17. The Ideology of Pakistan is opposite to:
A) Democracy
B) Secularism
C) Education
D) Development
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Secularism separates religion from state, which contradicts Pakistan's ideology.
18. Which of the following was the main basis for the Two-Nation Theory?
A) Language
B) Geography
C) Religion
D) Economy
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Religion was the core factor that distinguished Muslims from Hindus.
19. Which leader clarified that the ideology of Pakistan was based on Islam?
A) Nawab Salimullah
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Quaid-e-Azam
D) Ayub Khan
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Quaid-e-Azam declared Pakistan’s ideology was rooted in Islamic values.
20. The purpose of Pakistan’s creation was to:
A) Have a powerful army
B) Promote Western culture
C) Establish an Islamic society
D) Conquer India
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The goal was to provide Muslims with a state to live by Islamic principles.

21. Which document became the basis of the Ideology of Pakistan?

A) Indian Independence Act
B) Government of India Act 1935
C) Objectives Resolution 1949
D) Nehru Report
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✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The Objectives Resolution set the direction for an Islamic democratic state.
22. Allama Iqbal gave the idea of a separate Muslim state in:
A) 1928
B) 1930
C) 1932
D) 1940
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: In his Allahabad Address (1930), Iqbal proposed a separate homeland for
Muslims.
23. The Ideology of Pakistan emphasizes:
A) Hindu-Muslim brotherhood
B) Freedom to practice Islam
C) Regionalism
D) Western democracy
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: It aims to give Muslims religious freedom and protection of their values.
24. What is a key feature of Pakistan’s ideology?
A) Economic superiority
B) Islamic way of life
C) Expansion of territory
D) British traditions
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Establishing an Islamic social, political, and legal system is central to the ideology.
25. Which historical event led to the need for the Ideology of Pakistan?
A) War of Independence 1857
B) World War I
C) Partition of Bengal
D) Formation of Congress
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: After 1857, Muslims were suppressed, leading thinkers to promote a separate
identity.
26. The main driving force behind the demand for Pakistan was:
A) Economic benefit
B) Political power
C) Religious identity
D) Trade access
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Muslims wanted a state where they could live according to Islamic teachings.
27. The concept of “Millat” in Pakistan’s ideology refers to:
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A) Military rule
B) Islamic Ummah
C) Nationalism
D) Political party
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: “Millat” refers to the global Muslim community (Ummah), central to Islamic
ideology.
28. According to Pakistan’s ideology, sovereignty belongs to:
A) The President
B) The Parliament
C) Allah
D) The Supreme Court
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The Objectives Resolution clearly states that sovereignty belongs to Allah.
29. Allama Iqbal was born in:
A) 1873
B) 1875
C) 1877
D) 1879
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Allama Iqbal was born on 9th November 1877 in Sialkot.
30. The Two-Nation Theory became the basis for:
A) Quit India Movement
B) Nehru Report
C) Partition of India
D) Cabinet Mission
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The idea that Hindus and Muslims are separate nations led to the Partition of
India in 1947.
31. What was the major threat to Muslim identity in united India?
A) British rule
B) Hindu majority
C) Sikh aggression
D) Regional divisions
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Hindu majority in democratic India could dominate Muslim political and
cultural rights.
32. Who declared that Islam is a complete code of life?
A) Sir Syed
B) Allama Iqbal
C) Quaid-e-Azam
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D) Liaquat Ali Khan

✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Quaid-e-Azam emphasized that Islam guides all aspects of life, not just religion.
33. Pakistan means:
A) Pure land
B) Islamic land
C) Land of rivers
D) Mountainous land
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: "Pakistan" is derived from Persian/Urdu, meaning "Land of the Pure".
34. Which province was included in the name "PAKISTAN" by Chaudhry Rehmat Ali?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Kashmir
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The word “Pakistan” was an acronym including Punjab, Afghania (NWFP),
Kashmir, Sindh, and Baluchistan.
35. Quaid-e-Azam delivered his famous 14 Points in response to:
A) Cripps Mission
B) Nehru Report
C) Lucknow Pact
D) Cabinet Mission
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The 14 Points (1929) were a response to the Nehru Report that ignored Muslim
demands.
36. The Ideology of Pakistan safeguards:
A) Military system
B) Islamic identity
C) Hindu-Muslim unity
D) Feudalism
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: It protects the separate Islamic identity of Muslims.
37. The basis of Pakistan’s ideology was first introduced by:
A) Allama Iqbal
B) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
C) Quaid-e-Azam
D) Liaquat Ali Khan
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Sir Syed Ahmed Khan laid the intellectual foundation for Muslim nationalism.
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38. Which event highlighted the need for Muslim political identity?
A) Nehru Report
B) Khilafat Movement
C) 1857 Revolt
D) Partition of Bengal
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The Nehru Report (1928) ignored Muslim rights, intensifying the demand for a
separate identity.
39. Allama Iqbal dreamed of a separate Muslim state in:
A) Lucknow Session
B) Allahabad Address
C) Lahore Resolution
D) Round Table Conference
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: His 1930 Allahabad Address proposed a separate homeland for Muslims.
40. Pakistan’s ideology rejects:
A) Islamic rule
B) Hindu dominance
C) Muslim identity
D) Religious freedom
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The ideology of Pakistan opposes Hindu dominance in a united India.
41. According to Quaid-e-Azam, what is the guiding principle of Pakistan?
A) Democracy
B) Religion
C) Socialism
D) Islam
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Quaid-e-Azam declared that Islam would be the foundation of the new state.
42. Pakistan’s ideology is influenced most by:
A) British culture
B) Indian traditions
C) Islamic principles
D) Western values
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Islamic values shape Pakistan’s constitutional and cultural identity.
43. The word “Ideology” comes from:
A) Latin
B) Persian
C) French
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D) Arabic
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: “Ideology” is derived from French, meaning a system of ideas.
44. The Ideology of Pakistan is also called:
A) Indian Nationalism
B) Muslim Nationalism
C) Cultural Identity
D) Communal Unity
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Muslim nationalism is the core of Pakistan’s ideology.
45. Islamic ideology focuses on:
A) Economic prosperity
B) Worship only
C) Complete way of life
D) Western democracy
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Islam covers all aspects – social, political, legal, and spiritual life.
46. The nation that guided Pakistan’s ideology the most:
A) Arabs
B) Persians
C) Turks
D) Muslims of the Subcontinent
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The Indian Muslims developed the Two-Nation Theory from their experiences.
47. The ideology of Pakistan aims to:
A) Modernize religion
B) Westernize society
C) Establish Islamic system
D) Adopt Hindu culture
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Pakistan's ideology is about implementing Islamic values in governance and
society.
48. Pakistan’s first Prime Minister was:
A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Ayub Khan
C) Khawaja Nazimuddin
D) Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Liaquat Ali Khan was the first PM and also helped shape the state's Islamic
direction.
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49. The Muslim League demanded Pakistan in:

A) 1937
B) 1940
C) 1946
D) 1947
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Lahore Resolution (1940) officially demanded a separate homeland.
50. The main source of Pakistan’s ideology is:
A) Quaid’s speeches
B) Constitution
C) Islam
D) Politics
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Islam is the fundamental source of Pakistan’s ideology, shaping law, culture, and
identity.

Two-Nation Theory
1. The Two-Nation Theory means:
A) Two political parties
B) Two different languages
C) Hindus and Muslims are two distinct nations
D) India and Pakistan are the same
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The theory is based on the idea that Hindus and Muslims differ in religion, culture,
and lifestyle.
2. The Two-Nation Theory was formally presented in:
A) 1947
B) 1930
C) 1906
D) 1940
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Though the concept developed earlier, it was formally adopted in the Lahore
Resolution (1940).
3. The political foundation of the Two-Nation Theory was laid by:
A) Allama Iqbal
B) Quaid-e-Azam
C) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
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D) Liaquat Ali Khan

✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: After the 1857 war, Sir Syed highlighted Muslim-Hindu differences, introducing
the idea of separate identity.
4. Allama Iqbal presented the concept of a separate homeland in:
A) 1928
B) 1930
C) 1932
D) 1946
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: In the Allahabad Address (1930), Iqbal envisioned a separate Muslim state in
India.
5. The Two-Nation Theory was the basis for:
A) Hindu-Muslim unity
B) Indian independence
C) Creation of Pakistan
D) Formation of Congress
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Pakistan was created on the basis that Muslims and Hindus are two separate
nations.
6. The Two-Nation Theory opposes:
A) Islam
B) Secularism
C) British rule
D) Democracy
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Secularism treats all citizens the same, while the Two-Nation Theory stresses
religious identity.
7. Which leader strongly advocated the Two-Nation Theory?
A) Maulana Azad
B) Gandhi
C) Quaid-e-Azam
D) Nehru
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Quaid-e-Azam clearly supported the idea that Muslims needed a separate
homeland.
8. When was the Muslim League formed?
A) 1885
B) 1906
C) 1916
D) 1930
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✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Muslim League was formed in 1906 to protect Muslim political rights.
9. The Two-Nation Theory emphasized that:
A) Religion should be kept separate from politics
B) Muslims should rule India
C) Muslims and Hindus cannot live as one nation
D) British should leave India
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The theory argues that differences are too great for both communities to coexist
under one nation.
10. The event that intensified the Two-Nation Theory was:
A) Partition of Bengal
B) 1857 Revolt
C) Nehru Report
D) Round Table Conference
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The Nehru Report (1928) ignored Muslim demands, highlighting the need for a
separate nation.
11. Which factor was not part of the Two-Nation Theory?
A) Religion
B) Culture
C) Geography
D) Language
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Geography was not the main focus; the theory was rooted in religious and
cultural differences.
12. Who coined the term “Two-Nation Theory”?
A) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
B) Allama Iqbal
C) Quaid-e-Azam
D) None specifically
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The term developed over time and wasn’t officially coined by one individual.
13. What was a major reason for the rise of the Two-Nation Theory?
A) Economic competition
B) Western education
C) Hindu-Muslim riots
D) British support
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Frequent communal riots made Muslims feel unsafe and highlighted religious
differences.
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14. Two-Nation Theory was rejected by:

A) Muslim League
B) Congress
C) Quaid-e-Azam
D) Allama Iqbal
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Congress believed in a united India and rejected the idea of religious division.
15. The Two-Nation Theory became part of Muslim League's policy after:
A) 1929
B) 1935
C) 1940
D) 1947
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The Lahore Resolution in 1940 made it an official demand.
16. Which Muslim leader initially promoted Hindu-Muslim unity but later supported Two-
Nation Theory?
A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Maulana Shaukat Ali
C) Quaid-e-Azam
D) Sir Syed
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Quaid-e-Azam first promoted unity but changed views after repeated betrayals by
Congress.
17. Allama Iqbal’s Allahabad Address was delivered at the session of:
A) Indian National Congress
B) Muslim League
C) Khilafat Movement
D) Round Table Conference
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: It was delivered at the Muslim League’s annual session in 1930.
18. Which ideology was opposite to the Two-Nation Theory?
A) Communism
B) Indian nationalism
C) Imperialism
D) Socialism
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Indian nationalism believed in one nation for all religions, unlike the Two-Nation
Theory.
19. The Lahore Resolution is also known as:
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A) Freedom Resolution
B) Pakistan Resolution
C) Muslim Resolution
D) Islamic Resolution
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Though it didn’t mention the name “Pakistan,” it laid the basis for Pakistan’s
creation.
20. The Two-Nation Theory became successful in:
A) 1935
B) 1945
C) 1947
D) 1956
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: In 1947, the subcontinent was divided, and Pakistan was created based on the
Two-Nation Theory.
21. According to the Two-Nation Theory, Muslims and Hindus differ in:
A) Ethnicity only
B) Religion and culture
C) Caste system
D) Region only
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The theory emphasizes that Muslims and Hindus differ in religion, traditions,
and values, not just ethnicity.
22. The famous quote by Quaid-e-Azam:
“Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religious philosophies...” refers to:
A) Lahore Resolution
B) Khilafat Movement
C) Two-Nation Theory
D) Simla Agreement
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: This quote clearly describes the ideological basis of the Two-Nation Theory.
23. Before accepting the Two-Nation Theory, Quaid-e-Azam was known as:
A) Father of Nation
B) Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity
C) Leader of Congress
D) Reformer of Islam
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: He was titled “Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity” for his early efforts to
unite both communities.
24. The term “Separate Electorates” supported:
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A) Indian Nationalism
B) British rule
C) Muslim political identity
D) Hindu dominance
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Separate electorates allowed Muslims to elect their own representatives, protecting
their identity.
25. The ideology behind the Two-Nation Theory originated from:
A) Indian National Congress
B) Hindu leaders
C) Muslim intellectuals
D) British Parliament
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Muslim scholars and leaders developed the theory to preserve Islamic values and
identity.
26. The 1946 elections proved:
A) Support for Congress
B) Decline of Muslim League
C) Support for British rule
D) Muslim League’s popularity and Two-Nation Theory
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The Muslim League won majority Muslim seats, validating the Two-Nation
Theory.
27. The Hindu concept of “Ram Raj” was one reason:
A) Muslims felt included
B) Congress supported Two-Nation Theory
C) Muslims feared religious domination
D) Hindus demanded a separate nation
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: “Ram Raj” symbolized Hindu dominance, increasing Muslim concerns.
28. The Two-Nation Theory primarily focused on:
A) Economy
B) Education
C) Religion and culture
D) Agriculture
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The theory stressed differences in religion and cultural values.
29. The most influential supporter of Two-Nation Theory in British India was:
A) Gandhi
B) Subhash Chandra Bose
C) Quaid-e-Azam
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D) Bhagat Singh
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Quaid-e-Azam was the key political figure advocating the Two-Nation Theory.
30. The ideology behind Two-Nation Theory rejected the idea of:
A) Islamic laws
B) Western civilization
C) One Indian nation
D) Muslim League
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It denied the concept that all Indians were one nation, arguing for a distinct
Muslim identity.
31. The British rulers supported the Two-Nation Theory:
A) Wholeheartedly
B) Only to weaken Congress
C) As their official policy
D) Never supported it
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The British saw the theory as a way to divide and rule, weakening Congress
dominance.
32. The major religious justification for Two-Nation Theory was:
A) Islam and Hinduism have same gods
B) Islam and Hinduism promote equality
C) Islam and Hinduism are completely different in beliefs
D) Both share similar values
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The Two-Nation Theory argued that their core beliefs and practices are entirely
different.
33. Who wrote the famous pamphlet “Now or Never”, promoting Pakistan?
A) Allama Iqbal
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Chaudhry Rehmat Ali
D) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Chaudhry Rehmat Ali first proposed the name "Pakistan" in this 1933 document.
34. Which province had the strongest support for the Two-Nation Theory?
A) Punjab
B) Bengal
C) Sindh
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D
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Explanation: All Muslim-majority provinces showed support for the theory, especially after the
1946 elections.
35. The Two-Nation Theory reflects which type of nationalism?
A) Territorial nationalism
B) Religious nationalism
C) Economic nationalism
D) Regional nationalism
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: It is a form of religious nationalism based on Islamic identity.
36. Which movement greatly strengthened the Two-Nation Theory?
A) Khilafat Movement
B) Non-Cooperation Movement
C) Quit India Movement
D) Green Revolution
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The Khilafat Movement united Muslims politically and religiously, strengthening
Muslim identity.
37. The key difference highlighted in the Two-Nation Theory was:
A) Skin color
B) Economic status
C) Religion
D) Food choices
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Religion was the foundation of the theory — not race or economy.
38. The Congress Rule (1937–1939) impacted the Two-Nation Theory by:
A) Proving Hindu-Muslim unity
B) Making Muslims feel secure
C) Showing Hindu domination
D) Ending the League
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Congress’ policies were viewed as biased, proving Muslims' fears of Hindu
domination.
39. Allama Iqbal’s philosophy supported:
A) Indian unity
B) Secularism
C) Muslim cultural independence
D) Hindu-Muslim brotherhood
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He believed Muslims needed political and cultural independence.
40. A major cultural difference emphasized by the Two-Nation Theory was:
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A) Language
B) Marriage traditions
C) Worship style
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: From language to lifestyle, the theory highlighted all cultural differences.
41. Which is a criticism of the Two-Nation Theory?
A) It caused Hindu-Muslim unity
B) It was based on economic factors
C) It divided people of the same land
D) It promoted British rule
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Some critics say it divided a people who had lived together for centuries.
42. Which famous British leader supported Muslims’ right to a separate nation?
A) Winston Churchill
B) Lord Mountbatten
C) Sir Stafford Cripps
D) Ramsay MacDonald
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Ramsay MacDonald introduced Separate Electorates in the Communal Award
(1932).
43. The ideological foundation of Pakistan was:
A) Liberalism
B) Communism
C) Two-Nation Theory
D) Colonialism
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Pakistan's creation was rooted in the Two-Nation Theory.
44. Which event weakened belief in Hindu-Muslim unity?
A) Lucknow Pact
B) Khilafat Movement
C) Nehru Report
D) Delhi Agreement
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The Nehru Report (1928) ignored Muslim demands, hurting unity efforts.
45. The Two-Nation Theory was practically implemented through:
A) Partition of Bengal
B) British laws
C) Creation of Pakistan
D) Simla Agreement
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✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The theory was implemented when Pakistan was formed in 1947.
46. Quaid-e-Azam believed Pakistan was created:
A) In 1947
B) Through military power
C) The day first Indian became Muslim
D) By British Parliament
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He famously said Pakistan came into being the day the first Indian converted
to Islam.
47. Who said, “Hindus and Muslims are two eyes of the beautiful bride, India”?
A) Gandhi
B) Nehru
C) Maulana Azad
D) Sir Syed
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Gandhi promoted unity, opposing the Two-Nation Theory.
48. The Muslim League adopted the Two-Nation Theory to:
A) Get British support
B) Gain Muslim votes
C) Demand a separate homeland
D) Support Hindu nationalism
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The theory justified the demand for Pakistan.
49. The ultimate success of the Two-Nation Theory is:
A) Failure of Congress
B) Partition of Bengal
C) Creation of Pakistan
D) World War II
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Pakistan’s creation in 1947 was the direct result of this theory.
50. The key identity preserved by the Two-Nation Theory is:
A) Regional culture
B) Indian heritage
C) Muslim religious and cultural identity
D) Westernization
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The theory aimed to preserve Muslim identity, both religious and cultural.
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Sir Syed Ahmed Khan & Aligarh Movement

1. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was born in:
A) 1817
B) 1820
C) 1812
D) 1808
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: He was born on 17 October 1817 in Delhi.
2. The War of Independence took place in:
A) 1859
B) 1855
C) 1857
D) 1860
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The revolt of 1857 changed the course of Indo-Muslim history.

3. After 1857, Sir Syed emphasized:

A) Armed struggle
B) Religious conflict
C) Modern education for Muslims
D) Migration to Arab lands
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He believed education was essential for Muslim progress.

4. Sir Syed’s greatest achievement was:

A) Formation of Congress
B) Writing novels
C) Founding Aligarh College
D) Joining British army
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He founded Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875, later Aligarh
University.

5. The Aligarh Movement aimed to:

A) Promote Hindu-Muslim unity
B) Convert people to Christianity
C) Modernize Muslim education
D) Ban Urdu language
✅ Correct Answer: C
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Explanation: It promoted modern education among Muslims to uplift them socially and
politically.

6. Sir Syed was loyal to:

A) Congress
B) Muslim League
C) British government
D) Ottoman Empire
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He encouraged Muslims to cooperate with the British to gain trust and
opportunities.

7. Name of the college founded by Sir Syed in Aligarh:

A) Muslim College
B) Islamic College
C) Aligarh College
D) Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Established in 1875, it later became Aligarh Muslim University.

8. The Aligarh Movement played a key role in:

A) Hindu revival
B) Muslim decline
C) Muslim awakening
D) Separation of Punjab
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It awakened Muslims educationally and politically.

9. Sir Syed's movement was based on:

A) Armed struggle
B) Islamic revivalism
C) Educational reform
D) Industrial revolution
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He focused on modern and scientific education for Muslims.

10. Which language did Sir Syed promote among Muslims?

 22

A) Persian
B) Hindi
C) English
D) Arabic
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He encouraged learning English to access modern knowledge and gain jobs.

11. The name of Sir Syed’s famous journal:

A) Tahzeeb-ul-Akhlaq
B) Nawa-i-Waqt
C) Al-Hilal
D) Musalman
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: It was launched in 1870 to reform Muslim society.

12. The book “Asbab-e-Baghawat-e-Hind” was written by:

A) Allama Iqbal
B) Maulana Azad
C) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
D) Liaquat Ali Khan
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: In this book, Sir Syed analyzed reasons behind the 1857 revolt.

13. The Aligarh Movement’s ideology was mainly:

A) Anti-Hindu
B) Educational and reformist
C) Revolutionary
D) Economic
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: It aimed to reform Muslim thought and education, not create conflict.

14. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan believed Muslims were:

A) One with Hindus
B) Politically superior
C) A separate nation
D) Without identity
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He believed Muslims had a separate religious and cultural identity.
 23

15. Who laid the foundation of modern Muslim nationalism in India?

A) Allama Iqbal
B) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
C) Quaid-e-Azam
D) Shah Waliullah
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Sir Syed’s work marked the beginning of modern Muslim nationalism.

16. Sir Syed supported:

A) Congress
B) Hindu Mahasabha
C) Cooperation with British
D) Armed uprising
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He believed Muslims should earn the trust of British through education and
loyalty.

17. “Two-Nation Theory” was conceptually supported by Sir Syed in:

A) 1867
B) 1857
C) 1885
D) 1906
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: He clearly stated this view during the Hindi-Urdu controversy in 1867.

18. Sir Syed advised Muslims not to join:

A) Muslim League
B) British army
C) Indian National Congress
D) Urdu language movement
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He believed Congress was dominated by Hindus and not favorable to Muslims.

19. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan introduced modern education through:

A) Madrassas
B) Military academies
C) English medium schools
D) Religious centers
 24

✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He supported modern, English-based education with Islamic values.

20. The Aligarh Movement focused on:

A) Physical training
B) Modern education
C) Political independence
D) Trade and commerce
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Its core aim was to educate Muslims in science, logic, and modern subjects.

21. Sir Syed believed Muslims lagged behind due to:

A) British discrimination
B) Lack of industrialization
C) Avoiding modern education
D) Hindu majority
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He stressed that Muslim refusal to adopt modern education caused their
decline.

22. The institution that later became Aligarh Muslim University was established in:
A) 1867
B) 1875
C) 1885
D) 1898
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: MAO College was founded in 1875, later evolving into Aligarh Muslim
University.

23. Sir Syed faced criticism from:

A) Hindus only
B) British officials
C) Orthodox Muslim scholars
D) His own students
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Some traditional scholars opposed his modern and scientific views.

24. The college Sir Syed founded was modeled after:

 25

A) Cambridge University
B) Delhi College
C) Al-Azhar University
D) Fort William College
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: He modeled MAO College on British universities like Cambridge.

25. Sir Syed's reform efforts included:

A) Women's education
B) New farming methods
C) British-style military training
D) Industrial reforms
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: He encouraged female education, though cautiously, to uplift society.

26. Sir Syed's religious views were based on:

A) Literal interpretation
B) Logic and reasoning
C) European theology
D) Sufi mysticism
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: He used rationality and logic to explain religious matters, promoting modern
thought.

27. The Scientific Society was established in:

A) 1857
B) 1864
C) 1869
D) 1870
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: He formed the Scientific Society in 1864 to translate Western knowledge into
Urdu.

28. Purpose of the Scientific Society:

A) Oppose British rule
B) Spread Islam
C) Translate modern books into Urdu
D) Teach Arabic
 26

✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It made modern knowledge accessible to Muslims by translating key texts.

29. The Urdu-Hindi controversy occurred in:

A) 1860
B) 1867
C) 1875
D) 1880
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: In 1867, Hindus demanded Hindi replace Urdu, alarming Sir Syed.

30. Urdu-Hindi controversy led Sir Syed to conclude:

A) Muslims and Hindus are one nation
B) Language isn't important
C) Muslims and Hindus are separate nations
D) Muslims should abandon Urdu
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He felt this issue showed the deep cultural divide between the two communities.

31. The Aligarh Movement helped develop:

A) Indian nationalism
B) Hindu revivalism
C) Muslim political awareness
D) British policies
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It laid the foundation of Muslim political consciousness in the subcontinent.

32. Sir Syed viewed the British as:

A) Foreign enemies
B) Natural allies
C) Temporary rulers
D) Christian invaders
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: He encouraged Muslims to see British as partners, not enemies.

33. “Tahzeeb-ul-Akhlaq” focused on:

A) Hindu-Muslim relations
B) Political campaigns
 27

C) Social and moral reform

D) Economic policies
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It aimed to improve Muslim social behavior and thinking.

34. The Aligarh Movement directly led to:

A) Formation of Pakistan
B) Formation of Muslim League
C) End of British rule
D) First war of independence
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The educated class it created later formed the All India Muslim League in 1906.

35. Sir Syed saw education as a means to:

A) Earn wealth
B) Migrate to Europe
C) Bridge gap with British
D) Destroy culture
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He wanted Muslims to gain respect and opportunities through modern
education.

36. One of Sir Syed’s most famous students was:

A) Allama Iqbal
B) Quaid-e-Azam
C) Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk
D) Maulana Azad
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Nawab Mohsin-ul-Mulk became a strong supporter of the Aligarh Movement.

37. Sir Syed’s movement created a class of:

A) Industrialists
B) Landlords
C) Western-educated Muslims
D) Sufi leaders
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: His efforts produced a modern, educated Muslim middle class.
 28

38. Which subject was emphasized in Aligarh curriculum?

A) Astrology
B) Literature only
C) Science and modern subjects
D) Local crafts
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Modern sciences and logic were key to Aligarh education.

39. Sir Syed wanted Muslims to learn English because:

A) It was a global language
B) It helped get British jobs
C) It made communication easier
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: He believed English would uplift Muslims socially and economically.

40. The Aligarh Movement is considered the first step towards:

A) Religious conflict
B) Muslim League
C) Pakistan Movement
D) End of education
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It laid the ideological and educational foundation for the Pakistan Movement.

41. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was awarded a title by the British:
A) Lord
B) Sir
C) Baron
D) Nawab
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: He was awarded the title "Sir" for his services in education and loyalty.

42. The British appreciated Sir Syed’s:

A) Political campaigns
B) Support in 1857
C) Educational efforts
D) Criticism of Congress
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: His work in education was seen as stabilizing Muslim society.
 29

43. Sir Syed believed the future of Muslims depended on:

A) Arms
B) Politics
C) Cooperation and education
D) Migration
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He constantly emphasized education and peaceful coexistence.

44. “Aligarh Movement” is named after:

A) A leader
B) A philosophy
C) A location
D) A book
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The movement was based in Aligarh, where Sir Syed’s college was established.

45. Who was the spiritual and intellectual leader of Muslim India in the 19th century?
A) Allama Iqbal
B) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
C) Quaid-e-Azam
D) Shah Waliullah
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Sir Syed was known for his visionary leadership in modernizing Muslim society.

46. Sir Syed's efforts improved:

A) Muslim trade
B) Hindu-Muslim relations
C) Muslim education and confidence
D) British taxes
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: His movement revived confidence among Muslims and motivated them toward
progress.

47. Sir Syed died in:

A) 1895
B) 1900
C) 1898
 30

D) 1888
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He passed away on 27 March 1898.

48. Sir Syed's educational policy was based on:

A) Traditional religious values only
B) Modern and religious blend
C) Hindu models
D) Complete Westernization
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: He balanced Islamic teachings with modern education.

49. Sir Syed's ideology rejected:

A) English language
B) Muslim identity
C) Congress politics
D) Religious education
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He opposed early Congress politics, fearing Muslim marginalization.

50. The long-term impact of the Aligarh Movement was:

A) Formation of Pakistan
B) Fall of Delhi
C) British dominance
D) Hindu-Muslim unity
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: It created the educated class and ideological base that led to the Pakistan
Movement.

All India Muslim League (1906) (50 MCQs)

1. The All India Muslim League was founded in the year:
A) 1896
B) 1906
C) 1916
D) 1920
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Muslim League was founded on 30 December 1906 in Dhaka.
 31

2. The city where the Muslim League was founded is:

A) Lahore
B) Delhi
C) Dhaka
D) Aligarh
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The founding session was held in Dhaka (now in Bangladesh).

3. The main reason behind the formation of the Muslim League was:
A) To support British rule
B) To promote Hindu-Muslim unity
C) To protect Muslim political rights
D) To oppose Indian National Congress
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It aimed to safeguard Muslim interests in British India.

4. The first president of the All India Muslim League was:

A) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
B) Nawab Salimullah Khan
C) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
D) Allama Iqbal
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Nawab Salimullah Khan of Dhaka was the League's first president.

5. The Muslim League was formed as a response to:

A) British reforms favoring Muslims
B) Hindu dominance in Congress
C) World War I
D) Partition of Bengal
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Muslims feared being politically dominated by the Hindu majority in Congress.

6. One of the founding members of Muslim League was:

A) Lala Lajpat Rai
B) Dadabhai Naoroji
C) Sir Aga Khan
D) Bhagat Singh
 32

✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Sir Aga Khan was among the prominent founding members.

7. The Muslim League initially worked to:

A) Promote Hindu culture
B) Spread Islam
C) Protect Muslim political, social, and economic rights
D) Support Congress’s policies
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The League focused on defending Muslim interests under British rule.

8. The Muslim League’s first session was attended by how many delegates?
A) 30
B) 50
C) 35
D) 100
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Around 35 delegates attended the founding session in Dhaka.

9. The All India Muslim League was formed during which British Governor-General’s
tenure?
A) Lord Curzon
B) Lord Minto
C) Lord Hardinge
D) Lord Mountbatten
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: It was formed during the tenure of Lord Curzon (1899-1905).

10. The Muslim League supported which British policy?

A) Partition of Bengal
B) Indian National Congress
C) Quit India Movement
D) Swadeshi Movement
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The League supported the Partition of Bengal (1905) as it created Muslim
majority provinces.

11. The Muslim League’s demand for separate electorates was accepted in:
 33

A) 1909
B) 1919
C) 1927
D) 1935
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The Morley-Minto Reforms (1909) granted separate electorates for Muslims.

12. The All India Muslim League initially was:

A) Radical and revolutionary
B) Loyal to British government
C) Anti-British
D) Supported Hindu majority
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Initially, the League was loyal to the British, seeking protection through
cooperation.

13. The slogan associated with the Muslim League’s early political stance was:
A) “Pakistan Zindabad”
B) “Unity, Faith, Discipline”
C) “Loyalty to British”
D) “Quit India”
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Early Muslim League leaders promoted loyalty to British as a way to secure
rights.

14. Who was called the ‘Father of Muslim League’?

A) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
B) Nawab Salimullah Khan
C) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
D) Liaquat Ali Khan
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Nawab Salimullah Khan played a key role in founding the League.

15. The Muslim League initially opposed:

A) Hindu demands in Congress
B) British rule
C) Muslim political participation
D) Muslim education
 34

✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: It opposed Hindu domination in politics and demanded protection for Muslims.

16. The Muslim League’s main base was in:

A) Punjab and Sindh
B) Bengal and Eastern India
C) Bombay and Gujarat
D) Madras and Kerala
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The League’s early support came mostly from Muslims in Bengal and Eastern
India.

17. The Muslim League called for:

A) Hindu-Muslim unity
B) Separate political identity for Muslims
C) Armed rebellion
D) Joining Congress
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: It advocated a separate political voice for Muslims.

18. The All India Muslim League’s main objective was:

A) Complete independence from British rule
B) Muslim social reform
C) Protection of Muslim political rights
D) Promotion of Urdu language
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The League focused on political safeguarding of Muslims.

19. The Muslim League became prominent after:

A) The Lucknow Pact
B) The First World War
C) The 1906 foundation
D) The Lahore Resolution
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The 1916 Lucknow Pact increased the League's importance by forming alliance
with Congress.

20. Who represented the Muslim League at the Round Table Conferences?
 35

A) Muhammad Ali Jinnah

B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Nawab Salimullah Khan
D) Allama Iqbal
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the key Muslim League representative.

21. In which year did Quaid-e-Azam officially join the Muslim League?
A) 1906
B) 1913
C) 1920
D) 1916
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Jinnah joined the Muslim League in 1913 while still being a member of
Congress.

22. What was the role of the Muslim League in the Lucknow Pact?
A) It opposed the pact
B) It signed the pact with Congress
C) It stayed neutral
D) It demanded partition
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: In 1916, Muslim League and Congress agreed on political cooperation in the
Lucknow Pact.

23. In the early years, the Muslim League functioned as:

A) A militant group
B) A cultural society
C) A moderate political party
D) A revolutionary wing
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The League used moderate and constitutional methods in politics.

24. The Muslim League demanded separate electorates in:

A) 1905
B) 1906
C) 1909
D) 1910
 36

✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The demand was accepted in the Morley-Minto Reforms (1909).

25. The Muslim League opposed the annulment of:

A) Simon Commission
B) Partition of Bengal
C) Khilafat Movement
D) Congress leadership
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The League supported the Partition of Bengal (1905) and opposed its
cancellation in 1911.

26. The Muslim League was initially supported by:

A) Indian National Congress
B) British government
C) Ottoman Empire
D) Hindu Mahasabha
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The British viewed the League as a moderate counterbalance to Congress.

27. The 1916 Lucknow Pact showed:

A) Permanent Hindu-Muslim unity
B) Cooperation between Muslim League and Congress
C) Demand for British rule
D) End of Muslim League
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Pact marked cooperation between both parties for political reforms.

28. Who became the key leader of the Muslim League in the 1930s?
A) Allama Iqbal
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
D) Chaudhry Rehmat Ali
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Jinnah emerged as the main leader of the Muslim League in the 1930s.

29. The Muslim League's transformation into a mass party began in:
 37

A) 1916
B) 1920
C) 1935
D) 1937
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: After Congress’s anti-Muslim policies in 1937, the League gained mass support.

30. The All India Muslim League passed the Lahore Resolution in:
A) 1930
B) 1940
C) 1946
D) 1947
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: On 23 March 1940, the League demanded a separate homeland for Muslims.

31. The resolution passed by the Muslim League in 1940 was later known as:
A) Jinnah’s Mission
B) Pakistan Resolution
C) Independence Resolution
D) Muslim Freedom Plan
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: It became famous as the Pakistan Resolution, demanding separate Muslim states.

32. The Muslim League’s headquarters shifted to:

A) Bombay
B) Karachi
C) Delhi
D) Lahore
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The League’s main base during Jinnah’s leadership was in Bombay.

33. In which elections did the Muslim League prove itself as the sole representative of
Muslims?
A) 1920
B) 1937
C) 1945–46
D) 1916
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: In 1945–46, the League swept Muslim seats, proving its authority.
 38

34. In the 1946 elections, the Muslim League won how many out of 30 Muslim seats in the
Central Assembly?
A) 20
B) 25
C) 28
D) 30
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The League won all 30 Muslim seats, showing complete Muslim support.

35. The Muslim League adopted the goal of Pakistan officially in:
A) 1930
B) 1940
C) 1946
D) 1937
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The idea of a separate homeland was officially adopted in 1940.

36. The Muslim League was declared a mass political party after:
A) 1906
B) 1937
C) 1940
D) 1945
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: After the 1937 elections, Jinnah reorganized it into a mass movement.

37. After independence, the Muslim League:

A) Dissolved
B) Continued as Pakistan’s ruling party
C) Merged with Congress
D) Was banned
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: After 1947, the Muslim League formed Pakistan’s first government.

38. Who was the Secretary-General of the Muslim League during partition?
A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman
C) Nawab Ismail
 39

D) Fatima Jinnah
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman was a key figure during the final years of the League.

39. The All India Muslim League demanded separate electorates because:
A) Hindus demanded it
B) British forced it
C) To safeguard Muslim identity
D) Muslims were majority
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It ensured Muslims could elect their own representatives and protect their
interests.

40. Which British reform first recognized the Muslim League’s demands?
A) Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
B) Morley-Minto Reforms
C) Simon Commission
D) 1935 Act
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Morley-Minto Reforms (1909) introduced separate electorates, as demanded by
the League.

41. Which province gave the Muslim League a big victory in 1946?
A) Punjab
B) Bengal
C) Sindh
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The League performed exceptionally well in all Muslim-majority provinces.

42. In 1930, which leader gave the idea of a separate Muslim state?
A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Sir Syed
C) Allama Iqbal
D) Jinnah
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Allama Iqbal, in his Allahabad Address, envisioned a separate Muslim state.
 40

43. The first constitution of the Muslim League was written by:
A) Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk
B) Nawab Salimullah
C) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
D) Syed Ameer Ali
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Syed Ameer Ali prepared the League’s constitution and legal framework.

44. Which community mostly opposed the Muslim League?

A) Christians
B) Hindus
C) Parsis
D) British
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Many Hindu leaders and Congress opposed the Muslim League’s demand for
Pakistan.

45. Jinnah transformed the Muslim League into:

A) A cultural party
B) An educational movement
C) A revolutionary army
D) A mass political movement
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Under Jinnah, the League became a powerful voice of Indian Muslims.

46. The Muslim League officially demanded Pakistan in:

A) 1937
B) 1930
C) 1940
D) 1946
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The Pakistan Resolution of 1940 made the demand clear.

47. Muslim League’s motto after 1940 became:

A) Unity, Faith, Discipline
B) Freedom or Death
C) Separate Nation
D) Divide and Rule
 41

✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The League promoted the idea of Muslims as a separate nation.

48. The last session of All India Muslim League before independence was held in:
A) Karachi
B) Lahore
C) Delhi
D) Dhaka
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The last pre-partition session was held in Karachi in 1947.

49. After independence, the League in India was:

A) Continued
B) Banned
C) Merged with Congress
D) Renamed
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: It was renamed as Indian Union Muslim League after 1947.

50. The success of the Muslim League in 1947 led directly to:
A) Formation of Pakistan
B) Reunification of India
C) Collapse of British Empire
D) Muslim rule in Delhi
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The League’s political campaign culminated in the creation of Pakistan.

Partition of Bengal

1. The Partition of Bengal was carried out in:

A) 1904
B) 1905
C) 1911
D) 1906
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The partition came into effect on 16 October 1905.
 42

2. Who was the British Viceroy during the Partition of Bengal?

A) Lord Curzon
B) Lord Minto
C) Lord Hardinge
D) Lord Mountbatten
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Lord Curzon ordered the partition during his term as Viceroy (1899–1905).

3. The main reason for the Partition of Bengal was:

A) To create more jobs
B) To divide Hindus and Muslims
C) Administrative convenience
D) Religious conversion
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Bengal was too large to govern efficiently, so administrative convenience was
the official reason.

4. The original Bengal province was:

A) Small and weak
B) Too large and difficult to manage
C) Politically unstable
D) In the south of India
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Bengal included modern-day West Bengal, Bangladesh, Bihar, and Odisha —
too vast for one administration.

5. After partition, Bengal was divided into:

A) 2 provinces
B) 3 regions
C) Hindu and Muslim zones
D) Independent states
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: It was split into Eastern Bengal and Assam (Muslim-majority), and Western
Bengal (Hindu-majority).

6. Which province was created after the Partition of Bengal?

A) Punjab
B) Bombay
C) Eastern Bengal and Assam
 43

D) Hyderabad
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: A new province, Eastern Bengal and Assam, was created.

7. Which group opposed the Partition of Bengal the most?

A) Muslims
B) British
C) Hindus
D) Farmers
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Hindus strongly opposed the partition as it reduced their political influence.

8. The Hindu reaction to Bengal Partition gave birth to:

A) Khilafat Movement
B) Quit India Movement
C) Swadeshi Movement
D) Non-Cooperation Movement
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The Swadeshi Movement (1905–1908) was started to oppose British goods and
policies.

9. The Swadeshi Movement encouraged:

A) Buying British goods
B) Promoting Hindu-Muslim unity
C) Boycott of foreign goods
D) Acceptance of partition
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Swadeshi promoted the boycott of British goods and use of local (Indian)
products.

10. Muslims supported the Partition of Bengal because:

A) It gave them a separate homeland
B) It provided a Muslim-majority province
C) It removed British control
D) It offered economic reforms
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The new province (Eastern Bengal) had a Muslim majority, giving Muslims
greater political voice.
 44

11. Who led the Muslim support for Partition?

A) Allama Iqbal
B) Nawab Salimullah of Dhaka
C) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
D) Quaid-e-Azam
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Nawab Salimullah Khan actively supported the partition and later helped found
the Muslim League.

12. The annulment of Bengal Partition occurred in:

A) 1909
B) 1910
C) 1911
D) 1913
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The partition was cancelled in 1911 due to intense Hindu protests.

13. Which Viceroy announced the annulment of Partition in 1911?

A) Lord Curzon
B) Lord Minto
C) Lord Hardinge
D) Lord Ripon
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Lord Hardinge reversed the partition during the Delhi Durbar of 1911.

14. Delhi was declared the new capital of British India in:
A) 1911
B) 1910
C) 1905
D) 1913
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Along with the annulment, Delhi replaced Calcutta as capital in 1911.

15. The annulment of Partition was seen as a victory for:

A) British policy
B) Muslim League
C) Hindu nationalists
D) Indian farmers
 45

✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It was seen as a major success for Hindu opposition movements.

16. Muslim reaction to the annulment of Bengal Partition was:

A) Celebratory
B) Neutral
C) Disappointed and angry
D) Supportive of Hindus
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Muslims felt betrayed by the British, as their political gain was lost.

17. Which political development followed shortly after the annulment?

A) Formation of Congress
B) Formation of Muslim League
C) Lucknow Pact
D) Simon Commission
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Muslim League was formed in 1906, partly due to Muslim frustration over
Hindu dominance.

18. The Partition of Bengal strengthened:

A) Hindu unity
B) British army
C) Muslim political identity
D) Christian missions
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It was a turning point in Muslim political awakening in India.

19. The province of Eastern Bengal and Assam existed from:

A) 1901–1911
B) 1905–1911
C) 1906–1920
D) 1899–1910
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: It existed only for six years, from 1905 to 1911.

20. The annulment of Bengal Partition helped Congress because:

 46

A) It weakened Muslims
B) It showed unity among Indians
C) It gave them a political victory
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The cancellation boosted Hindu morale, weakened Muslims, and empowered
Congress.

21. The area of Eastern Bengal and Assam was mainly:

A) Hindu majority
B) Muslim majority
C) Christian majority
D) Sikh majority
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The new province formed in 1905 had a Muslim majority, which encouraged
Muslim political development.

22. Calcutta remained the capital of British India until:

A) 1910
B) 1911
C) 1920
D) 1935
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: In 1911, the capital was moved from Calcutta to Delhi.

23. The main motive behind Hindu opposition to Bengal Partition was:
A) Religious freedom
B) Economic loss
C) Loss of political dominance in East Bengal
D) Increased British control
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The partition reduced Hindu influence, especially in Eastern Bengal.

24. Partition of Bengal (1905) directly led to:

A) Muslim League formation
B) Congress being banned
C) Quit India Movement
D) Simon Commission
✅ Correct Answer: A
 47

Explanation: The division caused Muslim political awakening, leading to formation of the
Muslim League in 1906.

25. Which city became the capital of the newly created Eastern Bengal and Assam
province?
A) Kolkata
B) Dhaka
C) Chittagong
D) Patna
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Dhaka became the capital of Eastern Bengal and Assam.

26. Partition of Bengal was supported by Muslims because:

A) It ended Hindu rule
B) It created a Muslim-majority province
C) It gave Muslims independence
D) It brought economic growth only
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: It empowered Muslims politically by creating a province where they were in
majority.

27. Hindu opposition to Bengal Partition turned into a:

A) Peaceful dialogue
B) Violent movement
C) Muslim support campaign
D) Legal appeal
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Swadeshi and anti-partition movements often turned violent and
aggressive.

28. The annulment of Bengal Partition was viewed by Muslims as:

A) British favor
B) Political strategy
C) Betrayal
D) Justice
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Muslims felt betrayed by the British for giving in to Hindu pressure.
 48

29. Who was the Secretary of State for India during the 1905 Partition?
A) John Morley
B) Lord Ripon
C) Winston Churchill
D) Lord Mountbatten
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: John Morley was involved in Indian affairs during this period.

30. One of the main Muslim responses to the annulment was:

A) Protests
B) Formation of Congress
C) Creation of Muslim League
D) Declaration of independence
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The Muslim League was formed in 1906, a year after the partition.

31. The Muslim League’s early support for British rule was influenced by:
A) Religious ties
B) Fear of Hindu majority
C) Economic interests
D) Education policies
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Muslims feared Hindu political dominance, especially after the annulment.

32. Who called the reversal of Bengal Partition a “stab in the back” to Muslims?
A) Quaid-e-Azam
B) Nawab Salimullah
C) Sir Syed
D) Allama Iqbal
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Nawab Salimullah, a strong supporter of the Partition, condemned its annulment.

33. The partition helped promote Muslim education and identity in:
A) West Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Eastern Bengal
D) Delhi
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Muslims of Eastern Bengal gained more focus in education and administration.
 49

34. The Swadeshi Movement’s main method was:

A) Armed struggle
B) Economic boycott
C) Diplomatic negotiation
D) Judicial appeals
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Swadeshi Movement involved boycotting British goods.

35. The annulment of Bengal Partition was officially announced at:

A) Indian National Congress meeting
B) Muslim League session
C) Delhi Durbar
D) British Parliament
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It was declared at the Delhi Durbar of 1911 by King George V.

36. The province created in 1905 had capital in:

A) Sylhet
B) Patna
C) Dhaka
D) Calcutta
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Dhaka was made the capital of Eastern Bengal and Assam.

37. The annulment led Muslims to believe they must:

A) Join Hindu movements
B) Seek help from British
C) Create their own political party
D) Leave Bengal
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It convinced Muslims they needed a separate political voice, which led to the
Muslim League.

38. The duration of the Bengal Partition was:

A) 3 years
B) 5 years
C) 6 years
 50

D) 8 years
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: From 1905 to 1911, the partition lasted 6 years.

39. The purpose of the Delhi Durbar in 1911 was:

A) To form a new government
B) To crown a new British king
C) To announce political changes in India
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The Delhi Durbar was used to declare annulment, shift capital, and crown
King George V.

40. The term “administrative convenience” in Partition of Bengal refers to:

A) Religious fairness
B) Better governance of a large province
C) Reducing British control
D) Enhancing Hindu power
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Bengal was too big, and dividing it made administration easier.

41. How did the British justify the Partition of Bengal?

A) Religious need
B) Economic policy
C) Better governance
D) War strategy
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: They claimed it was for administrative efficiency.

42. Muslims saw the Partition of Bengal as:

A) A step toward independence
B) A religious divide
C) A political opportunity
D) A temporary policy
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It gave Muslims more representation, especially in the new province.

43. The term “Banga Bhanga” relates to:

 51

A) Muslim festival
B) Hindu celebration
C) Hindu slogan against Bengal Partition
D) A British act
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: “Banga Bhanga” means “Bengal’s division”, and was used in anti-partition
protests.

44. The British reversed the Partition to:

A) Please Muslims
B) Weaken the Congress
C) Satisfy Hindu agitation
D) Improve administration
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The decision was taken to appease Hindu protests and regain political control.

45. After the annulment, Bengal was:

A) Divided further
B) United again
C) Given to Muslims
D) Transferred to Pakistan
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Bengal was reunified into a single province in 1911.

46. What was one major long-term effect of the Bengal Partition and its reversal?
A) Strengthening of Congress
B) British rule extended
C) Permanent Muslim mistrust of Hindus
D) Economic growth
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The reversal created lasting Muslim distrust toward Hindus and Congress.

47. Which class of Muslims was most empowered during the 1905–1911 partition period?
A) Ulama
B) Rural peasants
C) Middle-class professionals and elites
D) Foreign Muslims
✅ Correct Answer: C
 52

Explanation: Educated Muslim elites in East Bengal gained positions in government and
education.

48. The annulment helped which political party the most?

A) Muslim League
B) Hindu Mahasabha
C) Indian National Congress
D) Communist Party
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It was seen as a victory for the Congress, which led the anti-partition campaign.

49. Why did Muslims feel alienated after the annulment?

A) They lost financial aid
B) They were blamed for protests
C) Their newly gained political space was taken back
D) They supported Congress
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The reversal took away a Muslim-majority province, which hurt their political
progress.

50. The Partition of Bengal is considered the first major instance of:
A) Hindu-Muslim unity
B) Political awakening of Indian Muslims
C) Formation of Congress
D) Indian independence
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: It played a vital role in the early political awakening of Indian Muslims.

Lucknow Pact (1916)

1. The Lucknow Pact was signed in:
A) 1913
B) 1916
C) 1920
D) 1919
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Lucknow Pact was signed between Congress and Muslim League in 1916.
 53

2. The Lucknow Pact was an agreement between:

A) Muslims and British
B) Hindus and British
C) Congress and Muslim League
D) Muslim League and Hindu Mahasabha
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It was a political agreement between Congress and Muslim League for joint
reforms.

3. The main aim of the Lucknow Pact was:

A) To demand independence
B) To oppose British policies
C) To present joint demands to the British
D) To divide Bengal again
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Both parties united to present joint constitutional demands to the British
government.

4. Who represented the Muslim League during the Lucknow Pact?

A) Allama Iqbal
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
D) Nawab Salimullah
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Jinnah played a key role in bringing both parties together.

5. The Lucknow Pact marked the beginning of:

A) Hindu-Muslim unity
B) British-Muslim alliance
C) Muslim nationalism
D) Separate electorates
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The pact symbolized temporary Hindu-Muslim unity in political matters.

6. What was agreed upon regarding separate electorates in the pact?

A) They would be abolished
B) They would continue
C) They would be given to Hindus
D) They were irrelevant
 54

✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Congress accepted Muslim demand for separate electorates.

7. The Lucknow Pact accepted that Muslims would get:

A) Equal seats everywhere
B) More land
C) Separate electorates and fixed representation
D) No political rights
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Muslims were granted separate electorates and fixed legislative seats.

8. According to the pact, Muslims were given how much representation in provinces where
they were a minority?
A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 50%
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: In minority provinces, Muslims were given 1/3 (33%) representation.

9. Why did Congress agree to separate electorates in 1916?

A) To please the British
B) To avoid elections
C) To gain Muslim support against the British
D) It was a British demand
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Congress wanted to unite Indian forces against the British by accepting Muslim
demands.

10. The Lucknow Pact was seen as a success of:

A) Indian National Congress only
B) Muslim League only
C) British diplomacy
D) Hindu-Muslim cooperation
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: It showed joint Hindu-Muslim cooperation against colonial rule.

11. What was Jinnah famously called after the pact?

 55

A) Quaid-e-Azam
B) Father of Nation
C) Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity
D) Sir
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Jinnah was called “Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity” after the pact.

12. Where was the Lucknow Pact signed?

A) Delhi
B) Lahore
C) Lucknow
D) Karachi
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It was signed in Lucknow during the joint session of Congress and Muslim
League.

13. Which year did Jinnah join the Muslim League?

A) 1910
B) 1913
C) 1916
D) 1920
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Jinnah joined the League in 1913 and was a key figure in this pact.

14. The Lucknow Pact was important because:

A) It gave independence
B) It united Muslims and Hindus politically
C) It formed Pakistan
D) It created a new constitution
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The pact created temporary political unity between Hindus and Muslims.

15. Which movement followed the Lucknow Pact?

A) Khilafat Movement
B) Quit India Movement
C) Pakistan Movement
D) Bengal Rebellion
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The Khilafat Movement (1919–1924) came soon after this Hindu-Muslim unity.
 56

16. A major weakness of the Lucknow Pact was:

A) It ignored Muslim interests
B) It increased British power
C) It was based on temporary needs
D) It dissolved Congress
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The unity was short-lived and based on mutual interests, not long-term goals.

17. The British response to the Lucknow Pact was:

A) Immediate approval
B) Ignored it
C) Partially accepted in Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
D) Rejected and punished leaders
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Some demands of the pact were included in the 1919 reforms.

18. Which reforms came after the Lucknow Pact?

A) Government of India Act 1935
B) Simon Commission
C) Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
D) Nehru Report
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: These reforms in 1919 were partly influenced by the Lucknow Pact.

19. What principle did Congress accept for Muslims in the pact?
A) Two-Nation Theory
B) Separate electorates
C) Reservation in jobs
D) Martial Law
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: For the first time, Congress formally accepted separate electorates for
Muslims.

20. Which constitutional demand was made jointly by both parties?

A) Immediate independence
B) Provincial autonomy
C) Direct British rule
 57

D) Rejection of elections
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: They jointly demanded more autonomy for Indian provinces.
21. The Lucknow Pact is considered a landmark because:
A) It gave India independence
B) It united Congress and the British
C) It brought Congress and Muslim League together
D) It divided Bengal again
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It marked the first formal cooperation between Congress and Muslim League.

22. Under the pact, Muslims were granted separate electorates for:
A) 10 years only
B) Only Punjab
C) All provinces
D) Only urban areas
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The pact recognized separate electorates for Muslims in all provinces.

23. Who led Congress during the Lucknow Pact?

A) Motilal Nehru
B) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
C) Jawaharlal Nehru
D) Annie Besant
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Bal Gangadhar Tilak played a key role in Congress during this time.

24. What did Muslims gain most from the Lucknow Pact?
A) Full independence
B) Job quotas
C) Political recognition and unity
D) New provinces
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Muslims gained political recognition and temporary unity with Congress.

25. The separate electorates allowed Muslims to:

A) Vote for Hindu candidates
B) Vote only in Punjab
 58

C) Elect their own representatives

D) Become British citizens
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It allowed Muslims to elect their own candidates separately.

26. The Lucknow Pact failed in the long run due to:
A) Muslim opposition
B) British refusal
C) Rising Hindu-Muslim tensions
D) World War I
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Communal tensions and conflicting political goals ended the alliance.

27. Which event weakened the Congress-Muslim League unity after the Lucknow Pact?
A) Khilafat Movement
B) Nehru Report
C) Round Table Conferences
D) 1857 War
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Nehru Report (1928) rejected separate electorates, ending the pact’s spirit.

28. The Lucknow Pact accepted the idea of:

A) Hindu Raj
B) Minority safeguards
C) Complete independence
D) Indian Union
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The pact recognized the rights and safeguards of minorities, especially
Muslims.

29. What percentage of legislative representation was given to Muslims under the pact in
central legislature?
A) 20%
B) 25%
C) 30%
D) 33%
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Muslims were given one-third (33%) seats in the central legislature.
 59

30. Which term best describes the Lucknow Pact?

A) Communal agreement
B) Joint constitutional agreement
C) Religious treaty
D) Economic policy
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: It was a joint constitutional agreement between two major political parties.

31. Who played a bridge role between Congress and the League in 1916?
A) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Quaid-e-Azam (Jinnah)
D) Gokhale
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Jinnah was respected by both parties and helped bring them together.

32. The Lucknow Pact was signed during:

A) A British Parliament session
B) Congress annual session
C) Muslim League separate meeting
D) Delhi Durbar
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The pact was signed during the Congress session in Lucknow.

33. Which city hosted the joint Congress-Muslim League session of 1916?
A) Delhi
B) Lahore
C) Lucknow
D) Bombay
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The historic session was held in Lucknow, hence the name.

34. The pact reflected Muslim concern over:

A) Economic crisis
B) Hindu majority rule
C) British education
D) Taxes
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Muslims feared being dominated by the Hindu majority in future governance.
 60

35. After the pact, Congress agreed to:

A) Partition of India
B) Use Urdu as national language
C) Muslim separate electorates
D) Ban Muslim League
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: For the first time, Congress formally accepted separate electorates.

36. The pact increased Muslim League’s:

A) Military strength
B) Popularity and political credibility
C) Land ownership
D) Connection with British
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: It gave the Muslim League political recognition and wider support.

37. The pact is often seen as:

A) The start of partition
B) A step toward Hindu-Muslim unity
C) An agreement with British
D) A religious agreement
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: It is remembered as a brief period of Hindu-Muslim unity.

38. Which leader was against the Lucknow Pact?

A) Tilak
B) Gandhi
C) Jinnah
D) Liaquat Ali Khan
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Gandhi was not involved, and later criticized separate electorates.

39. The Lucknow Pact showed that:

A) British could be trusted
B) Muslims were against independence
C) Political unity was possible
D) India should be divided
 61

✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It proved that Congress and League could unite for a common cause.

40. What was a major outcome of the pact for Muslims?

A) Armed struggle
B) Job reservation
C) Political safeguards and recognition
D) Migration to East Bengal
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Muslims gained separate electorates and fixed representation, boosting their
political strength.

Khilafat Movement
1. The Khilafat Movement started in:
A) 1918
B) 1919
C) 1920
D) 1922
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The movement began in 1919 to support the Ottoman Caliphate after World War
I.

2. The main purpose of the Khilafat Movement was to:

A) Free India from British rule
B) Support Turkey in war
C) Save the Ottoman Caliphate
D) Establish Pakistan
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The movement aimed to protect the institution of the Caliphate in Turkey,
which Muslims considered sacred.

3. Which international event triggered the Khilafat Movement?

A) Russian Revolution
B) World War I
C) French Revolution
D) Quit India Movement
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: After World War I, Muslims feared the end of the Ottoman Caliphate.
 62

4. Who was the spiritual head (Caliph) that Indian Muslims wanted to protect?
A) King George V
B) Sultan Abdul Hamid II
C) Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
D) Ottoman Sultan
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Indian Muslims aimed to protect the Ottoman Sultan, who was also the Khalifa
(Caliph) of the Muslim world.

5. The Khilafat Movement was led by:

A) Allama Iqbal
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Ali Brothers
D) Jinnah
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Maulana Mohammad Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali, known as the Ali
Brothers, led the movement.

6. The Khilafat Movement was supported by:

A) Congress
B) Muslim League
C) Hindu Mahasabha
D) British Parliament
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The Indian National Congress, under Gandhi, supported the movement to
promote Hindu-Muslim unity.

7. Gandhi joined the Khilafat Movement to:

A) Support Muslims
B) Weaken the British
C) Promote Hindu-Muslim unity
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Gandhi supported it for religious harmony and political unity against British
rule.

8. Which campaign was launched jointly with the Khilafat Movement?

A) Civil Disobedience
B) Quit India
 63

C) Non-Cooperation Movement
D) Salt March
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920) was launched together with the
Khilafat Movement.

9. The Khilafat Movement ended in:

A) 1921
B) 1922
C) 1924
D) 1930
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It ended in 1924 when the Caliphate was abolished by Turkey itself.

10. Who abolished the Ottoman Caliphate?

A) Caliph Abdul Majid
B) Sultan Wahiduddin
C) Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
D) Maulana Azad
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of modern Turkey, formally abolished the
Caliphate in 1924.

11. What was the response of the British to the Khilafat Movement?
A) They supported it
B) They remained neutral
C) They suppressed it
D) They joined it
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The British opposed and suppressed the movement fearing it as a threat.

12. The Khilafat Movement is considered a part of:

A) Indian independence struggle
B) World War II
C) Turkish nationalism
D) Communist ideology
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: It was part of the Indian Muslim struggle within the broader freedom
movement.
 64

13. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred during the:

A) Lucknow Pact
B) Partition of Bengal
C) Khilafat Movement
D) Round Table Conference
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It occurred in 1919, shortly after the start of the Khilafat and Non-Cooperation
Movements.

14. What was the role of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad in the movement?
A) Opposed it
B) Supported it strongly
C) Stayed neutral
D) Worked for British
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: He was a strong supporter of the Khilafat cause and Muslim unity.

15. Which region of India was most active in the Khilafat Movement?
A) Punjab
B) Bengal
C) United Provinces (UP)
D) Assam
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: United Provinces (now UP) had strong support and active leadership in the
movement.

16. What was the Hijrat Movement related to?

A) Migration to Turkey
B) Migration to Afghanistan
C) Moving to Mecca
D) Migration to Pakistan
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Many Muslims migrated to Afghanistan in protest against British rule (1920).

17. The Hijrat Movement failed due to:

A) Lack of planning
B) Harsh Afghan response
 65

C) Return of migrants
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The movement failed due to poor planning, resistance in Afghanistan, and
mass return.

18. What happened to many leaders of the Khilafat Movement?

A) They were sent to Turkey
B) They joined Congress
C) They were jailed by the British
D) They were made ministers
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The British arrested many Khilafat leaders during the movement.

19. Which newspaper was linked to the Khilafat Movement?

A) Al-Hilal
B) Comrade
C) Zamindar
D) Dawn
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Comrade, edited by Maulana Mohammad Ali, supported the Khilafat
cause.

20. One major reason for failure of the Khilafat Movement was:
A) Lack of British response
B) Division among Muslims
C) Abolition of Caliphate by Turkey itself
D) Hindu opposition
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The movement lost its purpose when Turkey itself abolished the Caliphate in
1924.

21. Which Indian leader strongly opposed the abolition of the Caliphate?
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Subhas Chandra Bose
C) Maulana Mohammad Ali
D) Sardar Patel
✅ Correct Answer: C
 66

Explanation: Maulana Mohammad Ali remained firm in opposing the end of the Caliphate
by Turkey.

22. The Khilafat Committee was formed in:

A) Bombay
B) Delhi
C) Lucknow
D) Calcutta
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The Khilafat Committee was established in Bombay (Mumbai) in 1919.

23. Which event weakened the Hindu-Muslim unity created during the Khilafat
Movement?
A) Rowlatt Act
B) Simon Commission
C) Nehru Report
D) Chauri Chaura incident
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The Chauri Chaura incident (1922) caused Gandhi to suspend the Non-
Cooperation Movement, weakening unity.

24. Which political party did not support the Khilafat Movement?
A) Indian National Congress
B) Muslim League
C) Hindu Mahasabha
D) Khilafat Committee
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Hindu Mahasabha opposed the Khilafat as it was a religious issue focused on
Muslims.

25. Who wrote the famous letter to the British supporting the Caliphate?
A) Gandhi
B) Maulana Azad
C) Jinnah
D) Maulana Mohammad Ali
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Maulana Mohammad Ali wrote letters and articles urging the British to respect
the Caliphate.
 67

26. What was Gandhi’s role in the Khilafat Movement?

A) Organizer
B) Financial backer
C) Political supporter
D) Opponent
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Gandhi was a major supporter, using it to promote Hindu-Muslim unity.

27. The Non-Cooperation Movement was called off due to:

A) Jallianwala Bagh
B) Turkish War
C) Chauri Chaura violence
D) Partition of Bengal
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: After police were killed in Chauri Chaura, Gandhi ended the Non-Cooperation
Movement in 1922.

28. The Caliph (Khalifa) was considered by Indian Muslims as:

A) King of India
B) Leader of the Islamic world
C) Turkish president
D) Religious teacher
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Ottoman Caliph was seen as the spiritual and political leader of all
Muslims.

29. The Khilafat Movement led to the formation of which future ideology?
A) Secularism
B) Indian nationalism
C) Pakistan Movement
D) Socialism
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It politically mobilized Muslims, laying groundwork for the Pakistan
Movement.

30. What was a major drawback of the Khilafat Movement?

A) Lack of British attention
B) Internal Muslim differences
C) Linking religious and political issues
 68

D) High cost
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The movement mixed religious issues with Indian politics, making it vulnerable
to failure.

31. Which famous Muslim poet supported the Khilafat cause through his poetry?
A) Altaf Hussain Hali
B) Faiz Ahmed Faiz
C) Allama Iqbal
D) Mirza Ghalib
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Allama Iqbal supported the Khilafat cause and Islamic unity through his poetry.

32. Who was the last Ottoman Caliph removed in 1924?

A) Sultan Wahiduddin
B) Caliph Abdul Majid II
C) Sultan Murad V
D) Atatürk
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Caliph Abdul Majid II was formally removed by Mustafa Kemal in 1924.

33. What happened to Maulana Mohammad Ali after the movement ended?
A) Became Prime Minister
B) Left politics
C) Joined Congress
D) Continued political activism
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: He continued fighting for Muslim rights and independence until his death in
1931.

34. The failure of Khilafat Movement taught Muslims the need for:
A) Armed struggle
B) Separate political identity
C) Alliance with Hindus
D) Joining British army
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The failure led Muslims to realize they needed a separate political path, later
seen in the Pakistan Movement.
 69

35. Which Turkish leader’s reforms shocked Indian Muslims?

A) Caliph Abdul Majid
B) Enver Pasha
C) Atatürk
D) Sultan Wahiduddin
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's secular reforms and abolition of the Caliphate
deeply upset Indian Muslims.

36. What was the British attitude toward the Khilafat Movement?
A) Supportive
B) Neutral
C) Repressive
D) Encouraging
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The British viewed it as dangerous agitation and took harsh action against it.

37. The collapse of the Khilafat Movement ended which period?

A) Hindu-Muslim harmony
B) Partition of Bengal
C) Civil Disobedience
D) Congress rule
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Its failure broke the fragile Hindu-Muslim unity formed during that period.

38. What made Muslims feel betrayed during the Khilafat period?
A) Gandhi’s arrest
B) Hindu Mahasabha criticism
C) Turkish abolition of Caliphate
D) Nehru’s refusal to help
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Muslims felt betrayed when Turkey itself ended the Caliphate, despite their
sacrifices.

39. Khilafat Movement was mostly:

A) Violent
B) Constitutional
C) Non-violent
D) Military-based
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✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Like Gandhi’s movements, it was non-violent in nature.

40. What year did Gandhi launch Non-Cooperation Movement linked to Khilafat?
A) 1917
B) 1918
C) 1920
D) 1922
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Gandhi launched the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920, supporting the
Khilafat cause.

41. The Ali Brothers were jailed for:

A) Armed protest
B) Anti-British speeches and writings
C) Leaving India
D) Supporting Turkey
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: They were jailed for strong anti-British propaganda during the movement.

42. The movement turned into panic migration to Afghanistan due to:
A) Economic crisis
B) Fatwas of religious leaders
C) Afghan king’s invitation
D) Jinnah’s call
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Some religious leaders issued fatwas, urging migration to Dar-ul-Islam
(Afghanistan).

43. What did Turkey replace the Caliphate with?

A) Military rule
B) Kingdom
C) Republican system
D) British administration
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk introduced a republican, secular government in
Turkey.
 71

44. The Comrade and Hamdard newspapers were banned because:

A) Financial reasons
B) Pro-Caliphate views
C) Anti-Hindu views
D) Pro-British stance
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The British banned them for promoting the Khilafat cause and Islamic unity.

45. What did the Khilafat Movement symbolize for Indian Muslims?
A) Education struggle
B) Economic protest
C) Religious and political awakening
D) Class conflict
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It symbolized a religious-political awakening among Indian Muslims.

46. Who called Khilafat Movement a “pan-Islamic illusion”?

A) Jinnah
B) Gandhi
C) Atatürk
D) British Viceroy
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Jinnah opposed mixing religion with politics and called it a pan-Islamic
illusion.

47. Why did Jinnah not support the Khilafat Movement?

A) He was against Turkey
B) He disliked Gandhi
C) He believed religion and politics should be separate
D) He had no political experience
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Jinnah felt that religious issues should not dominate Indian politics.

48. One key lesson of the Khilafat Movement was:

A) India needed British rule
B) Muslims must follow Congress
C) Religion alone can’t guide politics
D) Mass migration is successful
✅ Correct Answer: C
 72

Explanation: The failure showed that religious emotion without planning can't sustain
political goals.

49. The Khilafat Movement failed due to:

A) Poor organization
B) Gandhi’s withdrawal
C) Turkish policy change
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Multiple reasons led to its failure — leadership arrest, policy changes in
Turkey, and Gandhi’s exit.

50. Which future movement was inspired by the political awakening of the Khilafat era?
A) Quit India Movement
B) Pakistan Movement
C) Simon Commission
D) Bengal Famine Protest
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Pakistan Movement was inspired by the Muslim identity and activism
built during Khilafat.

Nehru Report & Quaid-e-Azam’s 14 Points

1. The Nehru Report was presented in:
A) 1927
B) 1928
C) 1929
D) 1930
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Nehru Report was drafted and presented in 1928 by the All Parties
Conference.

2. The Nehru Report was led by:

A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Motilal Nehru
C) Mahatma Gandhi
 73

D) Rajendra Prasad
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: It was chaired by Motilal Nehru, Jawaharlal’s father.

3. The Nehru Report was mainly a response to:

A) Simon Commission
B) Jinnah’s 14 Points
C) Khilafat Movement
D) Round Table Conferences
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: It was an Indian response to the Simon Commission, which had no Indian
members.

4. Which demand of Muslims was rejected in the Nehru Report?

A) Pakistan
B) Islam as official religion
C) Separate electorates
D) Use of Urdu language
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The Nehru Report rejected the demand for separate electorates, which upset
Muslims.

5. The Nehru Report proposed:

A) Division of India
B) Hindu Raj
C) Joint electorates
D) Martial law
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It proposed joint electorates, meaning no separate representation for Muslims.

6. Muslims opposed the Nehru Report because:

A) It favored Christians
B) It ignored British rule
C) It denied Muslim political rights
D) It was written in English
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Muslims felt the report denied their identity and political safeguards.
 74

7. In response to the Nehru Report, Jinnah presented:

A) Khilafat Charter
B) Pakistan Resolution
C) 14 Points
D) Simon Proposals
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Jinnah gave his famous 14 Points in 1929 to counter the Nehru Report.

8. Quaid-e-Azam presented his 14 Points in which city?

A) Lahore
B) Karachi
C) Delhi
D) Bombay
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Jinnah presented his 14 Points in Delhi in 1929, during the All India Muslim
League session.

9. The purpose of the 14 Points was:

A) Declare war
B) Accept Nehru Report
C) Define Muslim demands
D) Support Congress
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The 14 Points clearly outlined Muslim political, cultural, and religious
demands.

10. Jinnah’s 14 Points were presented in:

A) 1927
B) 1928
C) 1929
D) 1930
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The 14 Points were presented in 1929 as a response to the failure of Hindu-
Muslim unity.

11. Which of the following is not part of Jinnah’s 14 Points?

A) Federal system
B) Joint electorates
C) Protection of minorities
 75

D) Freedom of religion
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Jinnah demanded separate electorates, not joint electorates.

12. According to 14 Points, religion should:

A) Be made compulsory
B) Be banned
C) Not be the business of the state
D) Be used for politics only
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Jinnah stated that religion should be separated from the affairs of the state.

13. The 14 Points demanded protection of:

A) Only Muslims
B) All minorities
C) Britishers
D) Upper caste Hindus
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Jinnah called for the protection of all minorities, not just Muslims.

14. One important demand in the 14 Points was:

A) Military rule
B) Hindu-Muslim marriage ban
C) Protection of Muslim culture and education
D) Censorship
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He stressed safeguards for Muslim religion, culture, and education.

15. The 14 Points demanded which type of government?

A) Absolute monarchy
B) British control
C) Federal system
D) Unitary system
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Jinnah demanded a federal system, giving autonomy to provinces.

16. The Nehru Report proposed that India should be:

 76

A) Dominion under Britain

B) Independent Republic
C) Hindu Kingdom
D) British colony
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: It called for Dominion Status, not complete independence.

17. Jinnah’s 14 Points are considered a:

A) Final pact with Congress
B) Reaction to Partition
C) Charter of Muslim rights
D) Religious document
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The 14 Points became a guiding charter for Muslim political rights in India.

18. What did Jinnah demand regarding language in 14 Points?

A) Urdu only
B) Hindi only
C) Protection of languages and cultures of all communities
D) English as official language
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He wanted freedom for all communities to preserve their languages and
cultures.

19. Which British policy was indirectly challenged by Jinnah’s 14 Points?

A) Divide and rule
B) Montagu-Chelmsford
C) Indian Councils Act
D) Simon Commission
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Jinnah’s points promoted unity among minorities, challenging the divide and
rule policy.

20. The Nehru Report rejected Muslim representation in:

A) Jobs
B) Trade
C) Legislatures
D) Separate electorates
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✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The core Muslim demand for separate electorates was rejected.

21. The 14 Points opposed which Indian political document?

A) Simon Commission
B) Cripps Mission
C) Nehru Report
D) India Act 1935
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The 14 Points were a direct reply to the Nehru Report.

22. The 14 Points laid the foundation for:

A) Khilafat Movement
B) Pakistan Resolution
C) Quit India Movement
D) Simon Commission
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The 14 Points paved the way for the demand of Pakistan in 1940.

23. Which Muslim leader called the Nehru Report the "death blow" to Hindu-Muslim
unity?
A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
C) Jinnah
D) Allama Iqbal
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Jinnah said the Nehru Report destroyed Hindu-Muslim cooperation.

24. Under the 14 Points, minorities were promised:

A) British support
B) Domination
C) Equal rights
D) Partition
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The 14 Points promised equal rights and religious freedom to all minorities.

25. The Nehru Report was rejected by:

 78

A) Hindus
B) British
C) All minorities
D) Muslim League
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The Muslim League strongly rejected the Nehru Report.

26. One important cultural demand of 14 Points was:

A) Hindu dress code
B) Use of English
C) Freedom for Muslims to follow their traditions
D) Ban on music
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Muslims were to be free to practice their religion and culture.

27. The Nehru Report aimed to present a constitution for:

A) Pakistan
B) India
C) Punjab
D) Bengal only
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: It was a proposed constitution for united India, drafted by Indian leaders.

28. One key difference between Nehru Report and Jinnah’s 14 Points was:
A) Language policy
B) Electoral system
C) Support for British rule
D) Educational reforms
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Separate vs. Joint electorates was the major point of conflict.

29. The All Parties Conference that produced the Nehru Report was held in:
A) Delhi
B) Bombay
C) Calcutta
D) Madras
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The All Parties Conference met in Bombay in 1928 to draft the report.
 79

30. Quaid-e-Azam’s 14 Points were mainly aimed at:

A) Appeasing Hindus
B) Fighting British
C) Protecting Muslim identity in future India
D) Demanding immediate independence
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The 14 Points focused on Muslim political, religious, and cultural rights.

Allahabad Address (1930)

1. Who delivered the Allahabad Address in 1930?
A) Quaid-e-Azam
B) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
C) Allama Iqbal
D) Liaquat Ali Khan
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Allama Muhammad Iqbal delivered the historic speech at Allahabad in 1930.

2. The Allahabad Address was delivered during the session of:

A) Muslim League
B) Indian National Congress
C) Khilafat Committee
D) All India Muslim League
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The speech was delivered during the All India Muslim League’s annual session.
3. In which city was the Allahabad Address delivered?
A) Lahore
B) Karachi
C) Delhi
D) Allahabad
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The address was given in Allahabad, now known as Prayagraj.

4. The year of the Allahabad Address is:

A) 1929
B) 1930
C) 1931
D) 1932
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The speech was made in 1930.
 80

5. What was the most important theme of the Allahabad Address?

A) Hindu-Muslim unity
B) End of British rule
C) Demand for a separate Muslim state
D) Education reforms
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Allama Iqbal envisioned a separate homeland for Muslims in North-West
India.

6. Who was the president of the All India Muslim League session in 1930?
A) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
B) Allama Iqbal
C) Liaquat Ali Khan
D) Shaukat Ali
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Allama Iqbal himself presided over the Allahabad session of the League in 1930.

7. Allama Iqbal gave his address in which language?

A) English
B) Urdu
C) Persian
D) Arabic
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The original speech was delivered in English.

8. What was the key geographical area mentioned in the Allahabad Address?
A) Eastern India
B) Central India
C) North-Western India
D) South India
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Iqbal proposed a Muslim state in North-Western India (Punjab, Sindh, NWFP,
Balochistan).

9. Which future country’s idea was indirectly presented in this speech?

A) Bangladesh
B) Iran
 81

C) Pakistan
D) Afghanistan
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Iqbal's ideas in the address laid the foundation for the concept of Pakistan.

10. According to Iqbal, the best solution for Indian Muslims was:
A) Emigration
B) Uniting with Hindus
C) Western democracy
D) Autonomous Muslim states
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: He suggested the formation of autonomous Muslim units within India.

11. What did Iqbal say about Islam in his address?

A) It was outdated
B) Only a religion
C) A complete code of life
D) Against politics
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Iqbal said Islam is not only a religion but a complete way of life.

12. Which provinces were part of Iqbal’s proposed Muslim state?

A) Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, NWFP
B) Bengal and Bihar
C) Hyderabad and Kashmir
D) Assam and Gujarat
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: These were major Muslim majority provinces in North-West India.

13. What was the tone of the Allahabad Address?

A) Aggressive
B) Secular
C) Visionary and peaceful
D) Anti-Muslim
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The speech was visionary, promoting a peaceful future for Muslims.

14. What did Iqbal want for Muslims in India?

 82

A) Complete separation
B) Hindu rule
C) Western democracy
D) Political autonomy and religious freedom
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: He demanded autonomy with freedom to practice religion and culture.

15. Which idea was introduced for the first time in Indian politics during this address?
A) Hindu-Muslim unity
B) Socialism
C) Separate Muslim state
D) British loyalty
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It was the first formal proposal for a separate Muslim state.

16. Who later turned Iqbal’s vision into a political goal?

A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Gandhi
C) Jinnah
D) Sir Syed
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah converted the vision into the Pakistan
Movement.

17. Iqbal’s vision in the address became the basis for:

A) Lucknow Pact
B) Pakistan Resolution
C) Cabinet Mission Plan
D) Khilafat Movement
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: It became the ideological base for the Pakistan Resolution in 1940.

18. Allama Iqbal said Muslims were a:

A) Religious sect
B) Political party
C) Nation
D) Minority
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Iqbal declared Muslims a separate nation, not just a minority.
 83

19. The Allahabad Address clearly rejected:

A) Hindu-Muslim friendship
B) British army
C) One-nation theory
D) Urdu language
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The speech rejected the idea of one Indian nation, stating Muslims were a
separate nation.

20. The ultimate goal of the Allahabad Address was:

A) Partition of Bengal
B) British support
C) Independence for India
D) Political independence for Muslims
✅ Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Iqbal focused on freedom and identity for Indian Muslims.

21. Iqbal’s political philosophy in the address was based on:

A) Capitalism
B) Socialism
C) Islam
D) Secularism
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He believed in Islam as the foundation for Muslim politics and life.

22. The Allahabad Address is considered a turning point because:

A) Congress accepted it
B) British accepted it
C) It changed Muslim politics forever
D) It ended British rule
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: It shifted Muslim political thought toward separatism and independence.

23. Who said, “I would like to see Punjab, NWFP, Sindh, and Balochistan united into a
single state”?
A) Jinnah
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
 84

C) Allama Iqbal
D) Gandhi
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: This famous quote was made by Iqbal in the Allahabad Address.

24. How did Congress react to the Allahabad Address?

A) Fully supported it
B) Rejected it
C) Ignored it
D) Adopted it
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Congress rejected the idea of a separate Muslim state.

25. What type of state did Iqbal visualize in his address?

A) Secular
B) Islamic-democratic
C) Theocratic
D) Military
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Iqbal envisioned a Muslim-majority democratic state guided by Islamic values.

26. The Allahabad Address was delivered in which month?

A) January
B) March
C) December
D) August
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The speech was made in December 1930.

27. The main idea in the Allahabad Address supports which ideology?
A) Indian nationalism
B) Socialism
C) Two-Nation Theory
D) Westernization
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The address strengthened the Two-Nation Theory by asserting Muslim
distinctiveness.
 85

28. What title is often given to the Allahabad Address?

A) Political confession
B) Dream of Pakistan
C) Speech of unity
D) Hindu-Muslim treaty
✅ Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The speech is called the “Dream of Pakistan”.

29. According to Iqbal, Muslim culture should be:

A) Ignored
B) Controlled by Hindus
C) Preserved and developed
D) Westernized
✅ Correct Answer: C
Explanation: He urged Muslims to protect and grow their cultural and spiritual identity.

30. The Allahabad Address marked the beginning of:

A) The Pakistan Movement
B) Gandhi’s leadership
C) British withdrawal
D) Hindu dominance
✅ Correct Answer: A
Explanation: It is considered the intellectual starting point of the Pakistan Movement

Round Table Conferences (1930–32)

1. How many Round Table Conferences were held between 1930 and 1932?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
✅ Correct Answer: B) 3
Explanation: Three Round Table Conferences were held in London during 1930–32.

2. Where were the Round Table Conferences held?

A) Delhi
B) Lahore
C) London
D) Mumbai
 86

✅ Correct Answer: C) London

Explanation: All three conferences were held in London, UK.

3. Who organized the Round Table Conferences?

A) Indian National Congress
B) British Government
C) Muslim League
D) Viceroy of India
✅ Correct Answer: B) British Government
Explanation: They were organized by the British Government to discuss constitutional
reforms in India.

4. Which British Prime Minister chaired the Round Table Conferences?

A) Winston Churchill
B) Clement Attlee
C) Ramsay MacDonald
D) Stanley Baldwin
✅ Correct Answer: C) Ramsay MacDonald
Explanation: Ramsay MacDonald chaired all three conferences.

5. When was the First Round Table Conference held?

A) 1929
B) 1930
C) 1931
D) 1932
✅ Correct Answer: B) 1930
Explanation: It was held from November 1930 to January 1931.

6. Which major political party boycotted the First Round Table Conference?
A) Muslim League
B) Hindu Mahasabha
C) Congress
D) Unionist Party
✅ Correct Answer: C) Congress
Explanation: Congress did not attend the first conference due to the Civil Disobedience
Movement.

7. Who represented the Indian National Congress in the Second Round Table
Conference?
A) Sardar Patel
B) Jawaharlal Nehru
 87

C) Mahatma Gandhi
D) Rajendra Prasad
✅ Correct Answer: C) Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Gandhi was the sole representative of Congress in the second conference.

8. Which pact led to Congress joining the Second Round Table Conference?
A) Lucknow Pact
B) Poona Pact
C) Gandhi-Irwin Pact
D) Delhi Pact
✅ Correct Answer: C) Gandhi-Irwin Pact
Explanation: The Gandhi-Irwin Pact in March 1931 ended the civil disobedience and led
to Congress’s participation.

9. When was the Second Round Table Conference held?

A) 1930
B) 1931
C) 1932
D) 1933
✅ Correct Answer: B) 1931
Explanation: It took place from September to December 1931.

10. What was a major issue discussed in the Second Round Table Conference?
A) Quit India Movement
B) Pakistan Resolution
C) Minority rights
D) Swadeshi
✅ Correct Answer: C) Minority rights
Explanation: There was a major debate on rights of minorities, including Dalits and
Muslims.

11. Who demanded separate electorates for Dalits in the RTC?

A) Gandhi
B) B.R. Ambedkar
C) Nehru
D) Jinnah
✅ Correct Answer: B) B.R. Ambedkar
Explanation: Dr. Ambedkar strongly supported separate electorates for depressed
classes.
 88

12. Which community did the Muslim League claim to represent?

A) Sikhs
B) Christians
C) Hindus
D) Muslims
✅ Correct Answer: D) Muslims
Explanation: Muslim League claimed to be the sole representative of Muslims.

13. Who was the leader of the Muslim League during the RTCs?
A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
C) Aga Khan III
D) Maulana Azad
✅ Correct Answer: C) Aga Khan III
Explanation: Aga Khan III represented the Muslim League at the conferences.

14. When was the Third Round Table Conference held?

A) 1931
B) 1932
C) 1933
D) 1934
✅ Correct Answer: B) 1932
Explanation: It was held from November to December 1932.

15. Did the Indian National Congress attend the Third Round Table Conference?
A) Yes
B) No
C) Partially
D) Only Gandhi
✅ Correct Answer: B) No
Explanation: Congress boycotted the third conference again.

16. Which conference led to the Communal Award by Ramsay MacDonald?

A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) None
✅ Correct Answer: C) Third
Explanation: After the failure of the third conference, the British introduced the
Communal Award.
 89

17. What was the result of the Round Table Conferences overall?
A) Immediate independence
B) Civil War
C) No major agreement
D) End of British rule
✅ Correct Answer: C) No major agreement
Explanation: The conferences failed to produce a consensus among Indian leaders.

18. Which party consistently demanded separate electorates for Muslims?

A) Hindu Mahasabha
B) Congress
C) Muslim League
D) Communist Party
✅ Correct Answer: C) Muslim League
Explanation: They wanted to safeguard Muslim political rights.

19. What was Gandhi’s view on separate electorates for Dalits?

A) Fully supported
B) Opposed
C) Neutral
D) Ignored
✅ Correct Answer: B) Opposed
Explanation: Gandhi opposed it and went on a fast against it.

20. Which pact resolved the issue of Dalit electorates after RTCs?
A) Gandhi-Irwin Pact
B) Poona Pact
C) Lucknow Pact
D) Delhi Pact
✅ Correct Answer: B) Poona Pact
Explanation: Gandhi and Ambedkar reached an agreement in 1932.

21. Who mainly represented the Indian Princes in RTCs?

A) Jinnah
B) Raja of Bikaner
C) Gandhi
D) Ambedkar
✅ Correct Answer: B) Raja of Bikaner
Explanation: Indian princes had their separate delegation.
 90

22. Which community demanded separate electorates besides Muslims?

A) Christians
B) Sikhs
C) Anglo-Indians
D) All of these
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of these
Explanation: Many minority groups made separate demands.

23. Which of the following was not a participant in any RTC?

A) Mahatma Gandhi
B) Dr. Ambedkar
C) Subhas Chandra Bose
D) Aga Khan III
✅ Correct Answer: C) Subhas Chandra Bose
Explanation: Bose did not attend any Round Table Conference.

24. Which document was proposed after the RTCs ended?

A) Nehru Report
B) Government of India Act 1935
C) Indian Independence Act
D) Lahore Resolution
✅ Correct Answer: B) Government of India Act 1935
Explanation: It was based on discussions during the conferences.

25. Which conference had the highest Indian participation?

A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) None
✅ Correct Answer: B) Second
Explanation: Most major parties including Congress participated in the second RTC.

26. What was the British aim behind RTCs?

A) Divide Indians
B) Finalize partition
C) Discuss future constitution
D) Support revolutionaries
✅ Correct Answer: C) Discuss future constitution
Explanation: The purpose was to frame a future Indian constitution.
 91

27. How many Indian delegates attended the First Round Table Conference?
A) 32
B) 74
C) 50
D) 100
✅ Correct Answer: B) 74
Explanation: 74 Indian delegates from various communities attended.

28. Who was the only Congress representative in Second RTC?

A) Patel
B) Gandhi
C) Nehru
D) Bose
✅ Correct Answer: B) Gandhi
Explanation: Gandhi went as the sole representative of Congress.

29. Why did Congress boycott the Third RTC?

A) Disagreements
B) Arrests of leaders
C) Failure of second RTC
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Multiple reasons led to the boycott.

30. The Round Table Conferences were related to which constitutional reform?
A) Morley-Minto Reforms
B) Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
C) Simon Commission
D) Government of India Act 1935
✅ Correct Answer: D) Government of India Act 1935
Explanation: The Act was based on discussions from RTCs.

Pakistan Resolution (1940)

1. In which year was the Pakistan Resolution passed?
A) 1930
B) 1940
C) 1947
D) 1935
✅ Correct Answer: B) 1940
Explanation: It was passed on 23rd March 1940.
 92

2. Where was the Pakistan Resolution passed?

A) Lahore
B) Delhi
C) Karachi
D) Dhaka
✅ Correct Answer: A) Lahore
Explanation: It was passed in Minto Park, Lahore.

3. Which political party passed the Pakistan Resolution?

A) Indian National Congress
B) Khilafat Movement
C) Muslim League
D) Hindu Mahasabha
✅ Correct Answer: C) Muslim League
Explanation: It was passed in the annual session of All-India Muslim League.

4. Who presented the Pakistan Resolution?

A) Quaid-e-Azam
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) A.K. Fazl-ul-Haq
D) Chaudhry Rehmat Ali
✅ Correct Answer: C) A.K. Fazl-ul-Haq
Explanation: The resolution was formally moved by Fazl-ul-Haq.

5. Who was the president of the Muslim League during this session?
A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Allama Iqbal
C) A.K. Fazl-ul-Haq
D) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
✅ Correct Answer: D) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Explanation: Jinnah presided over the 1940 Lahore session.

6. What was the venue of the 1940 session called?

A) Minar-e-Pakistan
B) Jinnah Hall
C) Minto Park
D) Gandhi Maidan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Minto Park
Explanation: The session was held at Minto Park, now called Minar-e-Pakistan.
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7. Which date is celebrated in Pakistan in memory of the Resolution?

A) 14 August
B) 25 December
C) 6 September
D) 23 March
✅ Correct Answer: D) 23 March
Explanation: Pakistan Day is celebrated on 23rd March.

8. What was demanded in the Pakistan Resolution?

A) Dominion Status
B) United India
C) Separate Muslim States
D) Quit India
✅ Correct Answer: C) Separate Muslim States
Explanation: It called for independent states for Muslims in Muslim-majority areas.

9. Which term was NOT used in the original resolution?

A) Independent States
B) Sovereign
C) Pakistan
D) Muslim majority areas
✅ Correct Answer: C) Pakistan
Explanation: The word "Pakistan" was not used in the original resolution.

10. Which newspaper criticized the Pakistan Resolution the next day?
A) Dawn
B) The Times of India
C) Al-Hilal
D) Zamindar
✅ Correct Answer: B) The Times of India
Explanation: It called the resolution a plan to divide India.

11. Which Indian leader strongly opposed the Resolution?

A) Gandhi
B) Nehru
C) Patel
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Congress leadership opposed the demand for partition.
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12. Which British official considered the resolution dangerous?

A) Mountbatten
B) Linlithgow
C) Cripps
D) Churchill
✅ Correct Answer: B) Linlithgow
Explanation: Viceroy Linlithgow called it a "dangerous development."

13. Which ideology was strengthened by the Resolution?

A) Indian nationalism
B) British imperialism
C) Two-Nation Theory
D) Communism
✅ Correct Answer: C) Two-Nation Theory
Explanation: It confirmed the Muslim League’s belief in two separate nations.

14. Which leader coined the name "Pakistan"?

A) Jinnah
B) Liaquat
C) Rehmat Ali
D) Iqbal
✅ Correct Answer: C) Rehmat Ali
Explanation: He coined the term in 1933.

15. What was the reaction of Hindu press to the Resolution?

A) Supportive
B) Silent
C) Neutral
D) Critical
✅ Correct Answer: D) Critical
Explanation: Hindu press widely criticized the Resolution.

16. Which British document later acknowledged Muslim League’s demands?

A) Cripps Mission
B) Simon Report
C) August Offer
D) 3rd Round Table Conference
✅ Correct Answer: C) August Offer
Explanation: August Offer of 1940 recognized Muslims as a major community.
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17. Which future national monument marks the place of the Resolution?
A) Jinnah Mausoleum
B) Minar-e-Pakistan
C) Faisal Mosque
D) Quaid Library
✅ Correct Answer: B) Minar-e-Pakistan
Explanation: It was built at the site of the 1940 resolution.

18. How many days did the 1940 session of Muslim League last?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
✅ Correct Answer: D) 4
Explanation: The session was held from 22–25 March 1940.

19. In which language was the original Resolution drafted?

A) Urdu
B) Arabic
C) English
D) Persian
✅ Correct Answer: C) English
Explanation: It was written in English.

20. Which province’s premier moved the Resolution?

A) Punjab
B) Bengal
C) Sindh
D) NWFP
✅ Correct Answer: B) Bengal
Explanation: Fazl-ul-Haq was the Premier of Bengal.

21. Which year was Minar-e-Pakistan completed?

A) 1956
B) 1960
C) 1968
D) 1971
✅ Correct Answer: C) 1968
Explanation: Construction was completed in 1968.
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22. Who designed Minar-e-Pakistan?

A) Jinnah
B) Edward Durell
C) Nasreddin Murat-Khan
D) Abdur Rehman
✅ Correct Answer: C) Nasreddin Murat-Khan
Explanation: A Russian-Pakistani architect designed it.

23. Who financed Minar-e-Pakistan?

A) Government of Pakistan
B) British Empire
C) Public donations and tax
D) UN
✅ Correct Answer: C) Public donations and tax
Explanation: Built through special tax and donations.

24. Who wrote the first editorial supporting the Resolution?

A) Zafar Ali Khan
B) Altaf Hussain
C) Maulana Zafar Ali
D) Hameed Nizami
✅ Correct Answer: C) Maulana Zafar Ali
Explanation: He wrote in favor of it in "Zamindar" newspaper.

25. Which leader gave the name ‘Lahore Resolution’?

A) Jinnah
B) Nehru
C) Congress leaders
D) British press
✅ Correct Answer: D) British press
Explanation: British media labeled it the Lahore Resolution.

26. Which resolution did the Pakistan Resolution nullify in spirit?

A) Nehru Report
B) Lucknow Pact
C) Delhi Proposal
D) August Offer
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lucknow Pact
Explanation: It ended Congress-Muslim League unity.
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27. What did Jinnah call the Resolution in his speech?

A) A war cry
B) A final demand
C) A historic step
D) Muslims’ charter of freedom
✅ Correct Answer: D) Muslims’ charter of freedom
Explanation: Jinnah called it the Muslims' freedom charter.

28. Which concept was rejected through this resolution?

A) British rule
B) United India
C) Indian independence
D) Muslim unity
✅ Correct Answer: B) United India
Explanation: It rejected the idea of one united India.

29. Which major community was addressed in the Resolution?

A) Hindus
B) Sikhs
C) Muslims
D) Christians
✅ Correct Answer: C) Muslims
Explanation: It was focused on Muslim interests.

30. Who built the platform for the 1940 session in Lahore?
A) British officers
B) Local volunteers
C) Army engineers
D) Students
✅ Correct Answer: B) Local volunteers
Explanation: Volunteers built the stage in Minto Park.

31. Which Muslim-majority regions were implied in the Resolution?

A) Bengal and Punjab
B) Sindh and Balochistan
C) NWFP
D) All of these
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of these
Explanation: All Muslim-majority regions were part of the demand.
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32. What symbol today represents the Pakistan Resolution?

A) National Anthem
B) Minar-e-Pakistan
C) Flag
D) Currency
✅ Correct Answer: B) Minar-e-Pakistan
Explanation: It marks the site of the resolution.

33. Which major future country was implied in the Resolution?

A) Bangladesh
B) India
C) Pakistan
D) Afghanistan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Pakistan
Explanation: Though not named, the Resolution laid the basis of Pakistan.

34. Why was the Resolution criticized by Congress?

A) For demanding freedom
B) For being vague
C) For being anti-national
D) For being communal
✅ Correct Answer: D) For being communal
Explanation: Congress called it a communal and divisive demand.

35. Which event is directly linked to the success of the Resolution?

A) 1947 Partition
B) 1937 Elections
C) Quit India Movement
D) Round Table Conferences
✅ Correct Answer: A) 1947 Partition
Explanation: It ultimately led to Pakistan’s creation.

36. Who supported the Resolution in their speeches at the session?

A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Zafar Ali Khan
C) Maulana Shaukat Ali
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: All played roles in supporting the demand.
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37. What was the Muslim League’s slogan after 1940?

A) Unity, Faith, Discipline
B) Muslim Unity
C) Divide and Quit
D) Pakistan Zindabad
✅ Correct Answer: D) Pakistan Zindabad
Explanation: Became a common slogan post-Resolution.

38. Which group feared becoming a minority after the Resolution?

A) Hindus
B) Sikhs
C) Muslims in India
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: All feared being minorities in either country.

39. What did the Resolution inspire in Muslim youth?

A) Confusion
B) Anger
C) Nationalism
D) Apathy
✅ Correct Answer: C) Nationalism
Explanation: It boosted Muslim identity and activism.

40. When was the term “Pakistan Resolution” officially adopted?

A) 1940
B) 1946
C) After 1947
D) In textbooks only
✅ Correct Answer: C) After 1947
Explanation: The term became popular after independence.

Cripps Mission (1942)

1. In which year did the Cripps Mission visit India?
A) 1940
B) 1941
C) 1942
D) 1943
✅ Correct Answer: C) 1942
Explanation: The Cripps Mission arrived in India in March 1942.
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2. Who led the Cripps Mission?

A) Winston Churchill
B) Sir Stafford Cripps
C) Lord Wavell
D) Clement Attlee
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sir Stafford Cripps
Explanation: The mission was led by British politician Sir Stafford Cripps.

3. What was the main purpose of the Cripps Mission?

A) Partition of India
B) Reforms in administration
C) Gain Indian support in World War II
D) Spread Christianity
✅ Correct Answer: C) Gain Indian support in World War II
Explanation: Britain wanted Indian cooperation during the war.
4. On behalf of which British Prime Minister was Cripps sent?
A) Clement Attlee
B) Neville Chamberlain
C) Winston Churchill
D) Lord Mountbatten
✅ Correct Answer: C) Winston Churchill
Explanation: Churchill sent Cripps to negotiate with Indian leaders.

5. Which war was ongoing during the Cripps Mission?

A) World War I
B) World War II
C) Afghan War
D) Cold War
✅ Correct Answer: B) World War II
Explanation: The mission came during the height of WWII.

6. What did the Cripps Mission offer India after the war?
A) Immediate independence
B) Dominion status
C) Partition
D) Military support
✅ Correct Answer: B) Dominion status
Explanation: India would become a dominion after the war.
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7. Which key Indian party rejected the Cripps proposals?

A) Muslim League
B) Hindu Mahasabha
C) Congress
D) Communist Party
✅ Correct Answer: C) Congress
Explanation: Congress rejected the offer as insufficient.

8. What was Congress’ main objection to the proposals?

A) Partition clause
B) Delay in self-rule
C) British Governor-General’s powers
D) Both B and C
✅ Correct Answer: D) Both B and C
Explanation: Congress wanted immediate self-rule and objected to British control.

9. Which party welcomed the idea of provinces opting out of India?

A) Congress
B) Muslim League
C) Akali Dal
D) Praja Socialist Party
✅ Correct Answer: B) Muslim League
Explanation: It aligned with their demand for a separate Muslim state.

10. What did the Cripps Mission allow provinces to do after independence?
A) Become independent countries
B) Join Pakistan
C) Opt out of the Indian Union
D) Be ruled by Nawabs
✅ Correct Answer: C) Opt out of the Indian Union
Explanation: Provinces could choose to stay out of the Indian federation.

11. What was Gandhi’s response to the Cripps Mission?

A) Supportive
B) Called it a 'post-dated cheque on a crashing bank'
C) Silent
D) Signed agreement
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Called it a 'post-dated cheque on a crashing bank'

Explanation: Gandhi mocked the offer as unreliable.

12. Did the Cripps Mission succeed?

A) Yes
B) No
C) Partially
D) Temporarily
✅ Correct Answer: B) No
Explanation: The mission failed due to rejection by major Indian parties.

13. When did the Cripps Mission arrive in India?

A) January 1942
B) March 1942
C) July 1942
D) December 1941
✅ Correct Answer: B) March 1942
Explanation: Cripps landed in India on 22 March 1942.

14. Which political leader held talks with Cripps from Congress?
A) Gandhi
B) Nehru
C) Patel
D) Rajendra Prasad
✅ Correct Answer: B) Nehru
Explanation: Nehru led discussions on behalf of Congress.

15. What was offered to princely states in the Cripps proposals?

A) Independence
B) Merger with Pakistan
C) Right to opt out of Indian Union
D) British protection
✅ Correct Answer: C) Right to opt out of Indian Union
Explanation: Princely states could decide their own future.

16. Why was the Muslim League not fully satisfied with Cripps Mission?
A) It ignored Pakistan
B) Jinnah wasn’t consulted
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C) No clear Pakistan proposal

D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: It didn’t clearly address the demand for Pakistan.

17. What major movement started after the Cripps Mission failed?
A) Quit India Movement
B) Civil Disobedience Movement
C) Khilafat Movement
D) Simon Boycott
✅ Correct Answer: A) Quit India Movement
Explanation: Congress launched the Quit India Movement in August 1942.

18. Which global event pushed Britain to offer reforms via Cripps Mission?
A) US pressure
B) Japan's threat in Asia
C) Fall of Germany
D) China’s invasion
✅ Correct Answer: B) Japan's threat in Asia
Explanation: Japan was advancing toward India; Britain needed Indian support.

19. What was offered to minorities in the Cripps plan?

A) Separate states
B) Equal rights and protection
C) Partition
D) Special armies
✅ Correct Answer: B) Equal rights and protection
Explanation: Minorities were promised full protection in the future constitution.

20. How long did the Cripps Mission stay in India?

A) One week
B) 20 days
C) 1 month
D) 2 months
✅ Correct Answer: B) 20 days
Explanation: Cripps stayed for nearly three weeks.

21. Which Indian group supported the Mission to some extent?

 104

A) Congress
B) Muslim League
C) Hindu Mahasabha
D) Communist Party of India
✅ Correct Answer: D) Communist Party of India
Explanation: CPI supported British war effort and welcomed the mission.

22. Which leader from the Muslim League held talks with Cripps?
A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Khaliquzzaman
C) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
D) Suhrawardy
✅ Correct Answer: C) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Explanation: Jinnah represented the League in discussions.

23. Why did Britain avoid offering immediate independence?

A) To control India
B) Due to WWII
C) To keep unity
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Britain didn’t want to lose control during the war.

24. Who rejected the idea of provinces opting out?

A) Congress
B) Muslim League
C) British Parliament
D) Viceroy
✅ Correct Answer: A) Congress
Explanation: Congress opposed the idea of dividing India post-war.

25. How did Indian press respond to Cripps proposals?

A) Welcomed it
B) Mixed reactions
C) Rejected it
D) Ignored it
✅ Correct Answer: C) Rejected it
Explanation: Most Indian newspapers criticized the proposals.
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26. What title did Sir Stafford Cripps hold?

A) Viceroy
B) British Ambassador
C) Member of War Cabinet
D) Home Secretary
✅ Correct Answer: C) Member of War Cabinet
Explanation: He was part of Churchill’s War Cabinet.

27. What role did the Viceroy play during the Mission?
A) Host
B) Neutral
C) Opposed Cripps
D) Main negotiator
✅ Correct Answer: A) Host
Explanation: Viceroy Linlithgow hosted the mission and facilitated talks.

28. Which newspaper did Gandhi use to express his criticism?

A) Dawn
B) Harijan
C) Zamindar
D) Al-Hilal
✅ Correct Answer: B) Harijan
Explanation: Gandhi wrote editorials in Harijan criticizing the offer.

29. Which world power supported Britain’s decision to negotiate with India?
A) USA
B) France
C) USSR
D) China
✅ Correct Answer: A) USA
Explanation: USA encouraged Britain to seek Indian support.

30. What was the final result of the Cripps Mission?

A) Immediate independence
B) Failure
C) Partition of India
D) New constitution
✅ Correct Answer: B) Failure
Explanation: The mission failed to reach agreement with Indian leaders.
 106

Simla Conference (1945)

1. When did the Simla Conference take place?
A) 1942
B) 1944
C) 1945
D) 1946
✅ Correct Answer: C) 1945
Explanation: The Simla Conference was held in June–July 1945.

2. Where was the Simla Conference held?

A) Delhi
B) Bombay
C) Lahore
D) Simla
✅ Correct Answer: D) Simla
Explanation: It was held in Simla (now Shimla), a summer capital of British India.

3. Who called the Simla Conference?

A) Winston Churchill
B) Lord Mountbatten
C) Lord Wavell
D) Sir Stafford Cripps
✅ Correct Answer: C) Lord Wavell
Explanation: Lord Wavell, the Viceroy of India, convened the conference.

4. What was the purpose of the Simla Conference?

A) To divide India
B) To form a new interim government
C) To suppress the Quit India Movement
D) To negotiate with Gandhi
✅ Correct Answer: B) To form a new interim government
Explanation: The aim was to form an Indian Executive Council with all Indian members.

5. Which plan was presented at the Simla Conference?

A) Mountbatten Plan
B) Cripps Offer
 107

C) Wavell Plan
D) Cabinet Mission Plan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Wavell Plan
Explanation: The Wavell Plan was introduced at the Simla Conference.

6. Who was the Viceroy during the Simla Conference?

A) Lord Irwin
B) Lord Wavell
C) Lord Mountbatten
D) Lord Linlithgow
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lord Wavell
Explanation: He proposed the Wavell Plan and led the meeting.

7. Which major leader represented the Muslim League?

A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) A.K. Fazl-ul-Haq
C) Khaliquzzaman
D) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
✅ Correct Answer: D) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Explanation: Jinnah attended as the main representative of the Muslim League.

8. Who represented the Indian National Congress?

A) Gandhi
B) Jawaharlal Nehru
C) Abul Kalam Azad
D) Vallabhbhai Patel
✅ Correct Answer: C) Abul Kalam Azad
Explanation: Maulana Azad was then President of Congress.

9. What did the Wavell Plan propose about the Executive Council?
A) It should be half-British
B) It should be mostly Muslims
C) It should have all Indian members except the Viceroy
D) It should include only British officials
✅ Correct Answer: C) It should have all Indian members except the Viceroy
Explanation: All members would be Indian, except the Viceroy and Commander-in-Chief.

10. What was the main reason for the failure of the Simla Conference?
 108

A) Gandhi’s absence
B) Hindu-Muslim riots
C) Disagreement over Muslim representation
D) British refusal to grant independence
✅ Correct Answer: C) Disagreement over Muslim representation
Explanation: Congress did not agree to the Muslim League’s demand to be the only
representative of Muslims.

11. Who rejected the Wavell Plan?

A) Muslim League
B) Congress
C) British Government
D) Both A and B
✅ Correct Answer: D) Both A and B
Explanation: Both parties disagreed on key issues.

12. What did the Muslim League demand at the Simla Conference?
A) Immediate independence
B) Separate nation
C) Exclusive right to nominate Muslim members
D) New elections
✅ Correct Answer: C) Exclusive right to nominate Muslim members
Explanation: Jinnah wanted only the Muslim League to nominate all Muslim representatives.

13. What did Congress want in return?

A) Equal representation for all
B) Right to nominate Muslim members
C) Partition
D) Pakistan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Right to nominate Muslim members
Explanation: Congress claimed to represent all Indians, including Muslims.

14. What did the Wavell Plan aim to establish?

A) Pakistan
B) Interim Government
C) British dominance
D) Two-Nation Theory
✅ Correct Answer: B) Interim Government
Explanation: The plan was to set up a temporary government of Indians.
 109

15. What was the outcome of the Simla Conference?

A) Agreement signed
B) Formation of Pakistan
C) Failure
D) End of Congress rule
✅ Correct Answer: C) Failure
Explanation: The conference ended without any agreement.

16. Who was missing from the Simla Conference?

A) Gandhi
B) Nehru
C) Liaquat Ali Khan
D) Lord Wavell
✅ Correct Answer: A) Gandhi
Explanation: Gandhi was not officially present at the talks.

17. What role did the British play in the Conference?

A) Neutral mediators
B) Supported Congress
C) Supported League
D) Passive observers
✅ Correct Answer: A) Neutral mediators
Explanation: The British attempted to mediate between the two parties.

18. Which community’s representation caused the deadlock?

A) Hindus
B) Muslims
C) Sikhs
D) Christians
✅ Correct Answer: B) Muslims
Explanation: Both Congress and Muslim League clashed over who would represent Muslims.

19. What was the reaction of Indian newspapers to the failure?

A) Blamed British
B) Blamed Jinnah
C) Blamed Congress
D) Mixed reactions
 110

✅ Correct Answer: D) Mixed reactions

Explanation: Different papers blamed different sides.

20. Which of the following was NOT part of the Wavell Plan?
A) Replacing Viceroy
B) Indianization of Council
C) Parity between Hindus and Muslims
D) Recasting Executive Council
✅ Correct Answer: A) Replacing Viceroy
Explanation: The Viceroy was to remain head of the Council.

21. What kind of government was Wavell trying to form?

A) Fully independent
B) Semi-autonomous
C) Coalition Interim Government
D) Military-led
✅ Correct Answer: C) Coalition Interim Government
Explanation: The aim was to include all major parties in a temporary setup.

22. Who was expected to hold Defence Portfolio in the Council?

A) British Commander-in-Chief
B) Jinnah
C) Gandhi
D) Nehru
✅ Correct Answer: A) British Commander-in-Chief
Explanation: Defence was to remain under British control.

23. What did the Simla Conference show about Hindu-Muslim unity?
A) It had improved
B) No issues existed
C) It had completely broken down
D) Congress accepted League’s demand
✅ Correct Answer: C) It had completely broken down
Explanation: It highlighted deep divisions between the communities.

24. Which future development did the failure lead to?

A) Quit India
B) Civil War
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C) Cabinet Mission Plan

D) World War
✅ Correct Answer: C) Cabinet Mission Plan
Explanation: The British later sent the Cabinet Mission in 1946.

25. What did Jinnah call Congress after the Simla Conference?
A) Secular
B) Nationalist
C) Caste Hindu Party
D) Socialist
✅ Correct Answer: C) Caste Hindu Party
Explanation: Jinnah accused Congress of not representing Muslims.

26. Who was British Prime Minister at the time of the Simla Conference?
A) Winston Churchill
B) Clement Attlee
C) Neville Chamberlain
D) Harold Macmillan
✅ Correct Answer: A) Winston Churchill
Explanation: Churchill was PM during the 1945 Simla Conference.

27. Which war had just ended when the Simla Conference was held?
A) World War I
B) Boer War
C) World War II in Europe
D) Cold War
✅ Correct Answer: C) World War II in Europe
Explanation: WWII in Europe ended in May 1945.

28. What did the failure of the conference reveal to the British?
A) India was ready for independence
B) Indians were united
C) British must stay longer
D) Political deadlock in India
✅ Correct Answer: D) Political deadlock in India
Explanation: It showed the inability of Indian leaders to compromise.

29. What did Wavell do after the conference failed?

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A) Formed interim government

B) Resigned
C) Returned to Britain
D) Dissolved Executive Council
✅ Correct Answer: D) Dissolved Executive Council
Explanation: Wavell dissolved the existing Council and awaited further instructions.

30. Which Indian group gained political advantage from the failure?
A) Congress
B) Muslim League
C) British
D) Princely States
✅ Correct Answer: B) Muslim League
Explanation: Muslim League emerged stronger by refusing to compromise.

Cabinet Mission Plan (1946)

1. When was the Cabinet Mission sent to India?

A) 1945
B) 1946
C) 1947
D) 1948
✅ Correct Answer: B) 1946
Explanation: The mission arrived in India in March 1946.

2. Who led the Cabinet Mission?

A) Lord Mountbatten
B) Clement Attlee
C) Lord Pethick-Lawrence
D) Lord Stafford Cripps
✅ Correct Answer: C) Lord Pethick-Lawrence
Explanation: He was the Secretary of State for India and leader of the mission.

3. What was the main goal of the Cabinet Mission?

A) Immediate independence
B) To propose a constitution and plan for India’s independence
C) To partition India immediately
D) To suppress the Quit India Movement
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✅ Correct Answer: B) To propose a constitution and plan for India’s independence

Explanation: The mission aimed to find a workable plan for transferring power.

4. Which political parties were mainly involved in negotiations?

A) Congress and Hindu Mahasabha
B) Muslim League and Congress
C) Sikh Party and Muslim League
D) Communist Party and Congress
✅ Correct Answer: B) Muslim League and Congress
Explanation: These were the two main players in the talks.

5. What did the Cabinet Mission propose about India’s structure?

A) Unitery state
B) Federation with grouped provinces
C) Immediate partition
D) British rule continuation
✅ Correct Answer: B) Federation with grouped provinces
Explanation: The mission proposed a federal India with groups of provinces.

6. How many groups of provinces did the plan propose?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
✅ Correct Answer: C) Three
Explanation: Group A, B, and C based on religion and geography.

7. Which provinces were in Group A?

A) Muslim-majority provinces
B) Hindu-majority provinces
C) Mixed provinces
D) Princely states
✅ Correct Answer: B) Hindu-majority provinces
Explanation: Group A had mainly Hindu provinces like UP, Bihar, etc.

8. Which provinces were in Group B?

A) Muslim-majority provinces of northwest India
B) Hindu-majority provinces
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C) Eastern provinces
D) Princely states
✅ Correct Answer: A) Muslim-majority provinces of northwest India
Explanation: Group B included Punjab and Sindh.

9. What did Group C consist of?

A) Muslim-majority provinces of Bengal and Assam
B) Hindu-majority provinces
C) Central India
D) British territories
✅ Correct Answer: A) Muslim-majority provinces of Bengal and Assam
Explanation: Group C included Bengal and Assam.

10. What was the status of princely states under the plan?
A) Included in the federation compulsorily
B) Free to join any group or remain independent
C) Direct British rule
D) Excluded permanently
✅ Correct Answer: B) Free to join any group or remain independent
Explanation: Princely states could decide their own future.

11. What was the position of the central government under the plan?
A) Very strong
B) Limited powers
C) Non-existent
D) British-controlled
✅ Correct Answer: B) Limited powers
Explanation: The central government had limited authority, mainly defense, foreign affairs, and
communications.

12. Which subjects were to be handled by the central government?

A) Education and health
B) Defense, foreign affairs, and communications
C) Agriculture and industry
D) Religion and culture
✅ Correct Answer: B) Defense, foreign affairs, and communications
Explanation: Central government had only these key subjects.
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13. Could provinces opt out of the federation after formation?

A) No
B) Yes, after 10 years
C) Yes, any time
D) Only Muslim provinces
✅ Correct Answer: C) Yes, any time
Explanation: Provinces had the right to leave the federation.

14. How was the representation of minorities secured?

A) Separate electorates
B) Reserved seats in assemblies
C) Protection through group autonomy
D) None
✅ Correct Answer: C) Protection through group autonomy
Explanation: Minorities were protected by provincial group autonomy.

15. What was the Muslim League’s reaction to the Cabinet Mission Plan?
A) Fully accepted
B) Rejected completely
C) Accepted initially, later rejected
D) Ignored
✅ Correct Answer: C) Accepted initially, later rejected
Explanation: League accepted the plan at first but rejected later due to political reasons.

16. What was Congress’s response to the plan?

A) Accepted fully
B) Rejected due to group system
C) Demanded immediate independence
D) Supported partition
✅ Correct Answer: B) Rejected due to group system
Explanation: Congress disliked the grouping as it gave Muslims power to veto.

17. What was the key controversial feature of the plan?

A) Federation
B) Grouping of provinces
C) British control
D) Immediate independence
✅ Correct Answer: B) Grouping of provinces
Explanation: Grouping allowed Muslim-majority provinces to stay united, alarming Congress.
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18. What was the purpose of grouping provinces?

A) To divide power
B) To satisfy Muslim League demands for separate identity
C) To give power to princely states
D) To maintain British control
✅ Correct Answer: B) To satisfy Muslim League demands for separate identity
Explanation: It was designed to give Muslims political strength.

19. How did the British government react to the failure of the Cabinet Mission Plan?
A) Immediately granted independence
B) Sent Lord Mountbatten as last Viceroy
C) Rejected partition
D) Continued British rule
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sent Lord Mountbatten as last Viceroy
Explanation: Mountbatten was sent to oversee independence and partition.

20. What was the ultimate fate of the Cabinet Mission Plan?
A) Fully implemented
B) Rejected by all parties
C) Partially accepted and then collapsed
D) Led to civil war
✅ Correct Answer: C) Partially accepted and then collapsed
Explanation: The plan failed due to political disagreements.

21. What did the Cabinet Mission Plan recommend about Constituent Assembly?
A) Only Congress members
B) Joint assembly of all groups
C) Separate assemblies for Hindus and Muslims
D) British-only members
✅ Correct Answer: B) Joint assembly of all groups
Explanation: It recommended a single Constituent Assembly with proportional representation.

22. What was the position of the Muslim League on the Constituent Assembly?
A) To boycott it
B) To join and negotiate
C) To form a separate assembly
D) To accept British rule
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✅ Correct Answer: B) To join and negotiate

Explanation: The League decided to join the assembly and push for Pakistan.

23. Who was the Viceroy during the Cabinet Mission?

A) Lord Wavell
B) Lord Mountbatten
C) Lord Linlithgow
D) Lord Irwin
✅ Correct Answer: A) Lord Wavell
Explanation: Wavell was the Viceroy when the mission arrived.

24. What was the reaction of Hindu Mahasabha to the plan?

A) Supported grouping
B) Opposed grouping and Muslim League
C) Supported Pakistan
D) Neutral
✅ Correct Answer: B) Opposed grouping and Muslim League
Explanation: They opposed the Muslim League’s demands.

25. Which of these was NOT a key point of the Cabinet Mission Plan?
A) Grouping of provinces
B) Federation with limited central powers
C) Immediate partition
D) Constituent Assembly formation
✅ Correct Answer: C) Immediate partition
Explanation: The plan did not recommend immediate partition.

26. Why did Congress reject the grouping?

A) Fear of Muslim dominance in Group C
B) Wanted complete British control
C) Wanted Pakistan
D) Wanted delayed independence
✅ Correct Answer: A) Fear of Muslim dominance in Group C
Explanation: Congress feared Muslims controlling Bengal and Assam (Group C).

27. What was the impact of the Cabinet Mission Plan on Indian independence?
A) Delayed it
B) Accelerated it
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C) No effect
D) Led to civil war immediately
✅ Correct Answer: B) Accelerated it
Explanation: It brought parties closer to final negotiations.

28. Which leader strongly supported the Cabinet Mission Plan initially?
A) Gandhi
B) Jinnah
C) Nehru
D) Patel
✅ Correct Answer: B) Jinnah
Explanation: Jinnah accepted it at first as it recognized Muslim autonomy.

29. What was the main reason for the collapse of the Cabinet Mission Plan?
A) British betrayal
B) Mutual distrust between Congress and League
C) World War II
D) Gandhi’s opposition
✅ Correct Answer: B) Mutual distrust between Congress and League
Explanation: Lack of trust led to failure.

30. What event followed the failure of the Cabinet Mission Plan?
A) Quit India Movement
B) Partition of India in 1947
C) Simla Conference
D) Round Table Conferences
✅ Correct Answer: B) Partition of India in 1947
Explanation: Failure led to partition and independence.

3rd June Plan and Creation of Pakistan (1947)

1. What is the other name of the 3rd June Plan?

A) Cabinet Mission Plan
B) Mountbatten Plan
C) Wavell Plan
D) Cripps Mission
✅ Correct Answer: B) Mountbatten Plan
Explanation: It is called the Mountbatten Plan after the last Viceroy.
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2. When was the 3rd June Plan announced?

A) 3rd June 1946
B) 3rd June 1947
C) 15th August 1947
D) 14th August 1947
✅ Correct Answer: B) 3rd June 1947
Explanation: Announced on 3rd June 1947.

3. Who was the Viceroy of India who announced the plan?

A) Lord Wavell
B) Lord Mountbatten
C) Lord Linlithgow
D) Lord Irwin
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lord Mountbatten
Explanation: Mountbatten was the last British Viceroy.

4. What did the 3rd June Plan propose?

A) Immediate independence for India only
B) Partition of India into two dominions
C) Continuation of British rule
D) Formation of federal government
✅ Correct Answer: B) Partition of India into two dominions
Explanation: It proposed division into India and Pakistan.

5. Which two dominions were proposed by the plan?

A) India and Bengal
B) India and Punjab
C) India and Pakistan
D) India and Kashmir
✅ Correct Answer: C) India and Pakistan
Explanation: Two independent dominions of India and Pakistan.

6. When were India and Pakistan to become independent under the plan?
A) 15th August 1947
B) 14th August 1947
C) 3rd June 1947
D) 26th January 1947
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✅ Correct Answer: A) 15th August 1947

Explanation: India’s independence day.

7. What was the date for Pakistan’s independence?

A) 15th August 1947
B) 14th August 1947
C) 3rd June 1947
D) 26th January 1947
✅ Correct Answer: B) 14th August 1947
Explanation: Pakistan became independent one day before India.

8. Which provinces were to be divided under the plan?

A) Bengal and Punjab
B) Bengal and Assam
C) Punjab and Sindh
D) Kashmir and Punjab
✅ Correct Answer: A) Bengal and Punjab
Explanation: Both provinces were partitioned due to mixed populations.

9. What was the main cause for partition in Bengal and Punjab?
A) Economic differences
B) Religious differences
C) Political differences
D) Language differences
✅ Correct Answer: B) Religious differences
Explanation: Hindu-Muslim religious differences led to partition.

10. Who accepted the 3rd June Plan?

A) Indian National Congress
B) Muslim League
C) Both Congress and Muslim League
D) Neither party
✅ Correct Answer: C) Both Congress and Muslim League
Explanation: Both agreed after negotiations.

11. What was the role of Jawaharlal Nehru in the 3rd June Plan?
A) Rejected the plan
B) Accepted the plan on behalf of Congress
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C) Supported Pakistan
D) Led protests against partition
✅ Correct Answer: B) Accepted the plan on behalf of Congress
Explanation: Nehru accepted the partition plan.

12. Who was the leader of the Muslim League who accepted the plan?
A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
C) Allama Iqbal
D) Khaliquzzaman
✅ Correct Answer: B) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Explanation: Jinnah was the main leader of the Muslim League.

13. What was the fate of princely states under the plan?
A) They would join India automatically
B) They would join Pakistan automatically
C) They could choose to join India or Pakistan or remain independent
D) They remained under British rule
✅ Correct Answer: C) They could choose to join India or Pakistan or remain independent
Explanation: Princely states had freedom of choice.

14. What was the plan about the boundary commission?

A) It was not proposed
B) To decide the boundary between India and Pakistan
C) To decide the government formation
D) To decide princely state territories
✅ Correct Answer: B) To decide the boundary between India and Pakistan
Explanation: Radcliffe Commission was formed to demarcate boundaries.

15. Who was the chairman of the Boundary Commission?

A) Lord Mountbatten
B) Cyril Radcliffe
C) Jawaharlal Nehru
D) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
✅ Correct Answer: B) Cyril Radcliffe
Explanation: Radcliffe was appointed to draw borders.

16. What was the deadline for British withdrawal from India?
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A) 15th August 1947

B) 14th August 1947
C) 30th June 1947
D) 26th January 1948
✅ Correct Answer: A) 15th August 1947
Explanation: Independence was granted by this date.

17. What was the main reason behind the 3rd June Plan?
A) To avoid civil war and maintain peace
B) To keep India united
C) To increase British control
D) To suppress independence movements
✅ Correct Answer: A) To avoid civil war and maintain peace
Explanation: The British wanted a peaceful transfer of power.

18. How did the plan affect the Indian Independence Act?
A) It delayed the Act
B) It formed the basis of the Act
C) It canceled the Act
D) No relation
✅ Correct Answer: B) It formed the basis of the Act
Explanation: The plan was implemented through the Indian Independence Act.

19. What was the reaction of the Hindu Mahasabha to the plan?
A) Supported it
B) Opposed partition
C) Supported Pakistan
D) Stayed neutral
✅ Correct Answer: B) Opposed partition
Explanation: Hindu Mahasabha opposed the division of India.

20. What was the reaction of Sikh leaders to the plan?

A) Supported partition
B) Opposed partition due to Punjab division
C) Supported Pakistan
D) Stayed neutral
✅ Correct Answer: B) Opposed partition due to Punjab division
Explanation: Sikhs opposed Punjab’s partition as it divided their homeland.
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21. What major event followed immediately after the announcement of the plan?
A) Peaceful transfer of power
B) Widespread communal violence
C) British continued rule
D) Partition reversed
✅ Correct Answer: B) Widespread communal violence
Explanation: Violence erupted between communities after partition announcement.

22. How was the partition implemented practically?

A) Through negotiation between Congress and Muslim League
B) By British government through boundary commission
C) By a referendum
D) By military rule
✅ Correct Answer: B) By British government through boundary commission
Explanation: Boundaries were drawn by Radcliffe Commission.

23. Which province was partitioned into East Pakistan and West Pakistan?
A) Punjab
B) Bengal
C) Assam
D) Sindh
✅ Correct Answer: B) Bengal
Explanation: Bengal was divided into East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and West Bengal.

24. How was Punjab divided?

A) Eastern part went to India, Western part to Pakistan
B) Whole Punjab to Pakistan
C) Whole Punjab to India
D) It remained undivided
✅ Correct Answer: A) Eastern part went to India, Western part to Pakistan
Explanation: Punjab was split along religious lines.

25. Which was the first capital of Pakistan?

A) Lahore
B) Islamabad
C) Karachi
D) Dhaka
✅ Correct Answer: C) Karachi
Explanation: Karachi served as Pakistan’s first capital.
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26. What did the plan say about the future governance of Pakistan?
A) It would be a British colony
B) It would be an independent dominion
C) It would be a republic immediately
D) It would remain part of India
✅ Correct Answer: B) It would be an independent dominion
Explanation: Pakistan was to be a separate dominion within the Commonwealth.

27. How many provinces formed Pakistan initially?

A) Two (West Pakistan and East Pakistan)
B) Three
C) One
D) Four

✅ Correct Answer: A) Two (West Pakistan and East Pakistan)

Explanation: Pakistan consisted of West Pakistan (Punjab, Sindh, NWFP, Balochistan) and East
Pakistan (Bengal).

28. What was the main demand of the Muslim League fulfilled by the plan?
A) Full control over India
B) Creation of a separate Muslim state
C) British rule continuation
D) Joint government with Congress
✅ Correct Answer: B) Creation of a separate Muslim state
Explanation: The plan accepted Pakistan’s creation.

29. Who was the first Prime Minister of Pakistan?

A) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Allama Iqbal
D) Khawaja Nazimuddin
✅ Correct Answer: B) Liaquat Ali Khan
Explanation: Liaquat Ali Khan became the first PM after independence.

30. Which act legally enacted the partition and independence of India and Pakistan?
A) Government of India Act 1935
B) Indian Independence Act 1947
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C) Cabinet Mission Plan

D) Cripps Mission
✅ Correct Answer: B) Indian Independence Act 1947
Explanation: This act legally ended British rule and partitioned India.

Role of Quaid-e-Azam, Allama Iqbal & Other Key Leaders

1. Who is known as the "Father of Pakistan"?
A) Allama Iqbal
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
D) Maulana Azad
✅ Correct Answer: C) Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Explanation: Jinnah is called the Father of Pakistan for leading the creation of Pakistan.

2. What was Allama Iqbal’s contribution to Pakistan?

A) Proposed the idea of a separate Muslim state
B) Led the Pakistan Movement
C) Was the first Prime Minister of Pakistan
D) Signed the Indian Independence Act
✅ Correct Answer: A) Proposed the idea of a separate Muslim state
Explanation: Iqbal is credited with conceptualizing Pakistan.

3. In which year did Allama Iqbal present the idea of a separate Muslim state?
A) 1920
B) 1930
C) 1940
D) 1947
✅ Correct Answer: B) 1930
Explanation: Iqbal presented his famous Allahabad Address in 1930.

4. Which leader was the first Prime Minister of Pakistan?

A) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Allama Iqbal
D) Khawaja Nazimuddin
✅ Correct Answer: B) Liaquat Ali Khan
Explanation: Liaquat Ali Khan became Pakistan’s first Prime Minister.
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5. What role did Quaid-e-Azam play in the All India Muslim League?
A) Founder
B) President and key leader
C) Secretary
D) Treasurer
✅ Correct Answer: B) President and key leader
Explanation: Jinnah was the leader who transformed the League.

6. What was Quaid-e-Azam’s profession before politics?

A) Doctor
B) Lawyer
C) Teacher
D) Soldier
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lawyer
Explanation: Jinnah was a barrister by profession.

7. Who inspired Quaid-e-Azam’s political vision?

A) Mahatma Gandhi
B) Allama Iqbal
C) Jawaharlal Nehru
D) Lord Mountbatten
✅ Correct Answer: B) Allama Iqbal
Explanation: Iqbal’s vision influenced Jinnah towards Pakistan.

8. What was the Lahore Resolution (1940) associated with?

A) Demanding India’s independence
B) Calling for Pakistan, a separate Muslim homeland
C) Ending British rule immediately
D) Forming the Constituent Assembly
✅ Correct Answer: B) Calling for Pakistan, a separate Muslim homeland
Explanation: It was passed under Muslim League leadership.

9. Who was the president of the Muslim League when the Lahore Resolution was passed?
A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
C) Allama Iqbal
D) Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Explanation: Jinnah led the Muslim League during that time.
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10. Which leader played a key role in Muslim educational reforms?

A) Allama Iqbal
B) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
C) Quaid-e-Azam
D) Liaquat Ali Khan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Explanation: He founded Aligarh Muslim University to promote education.

11. Who was called "Shair-e-Mashriq" (Poet of the East)?

A) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
B) Allama Iqbal
C) Liaquat Ali Khan
D) Faiz Ahmed Faiz
✅ Correct Answer: B) Allama Iqbal
Explanation: Iqbal was a famous poet and philosopher.

12. What was the main message of Allama Iqbal’s poetry?

A) Unity of India
B) Awakening of Muslims and creation of Pakistan
C) British loyalty
D) Anti-independence
✅ Correct Answer: B) Awakening of Muslims and creation of Pakistan
Explanation: Iqbal’s poetry inspired Muslim nationalism.

13. Which key leader presided over the first session of the Constituent Assembly of
Pakistan?
A) Quaid-e-Azam
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Allama Iqbal
D) Khawaja Nazimuddin
✅ Correct Answer: A) Quaid-e-Azam
Explanation: Jinnah presided over the first session in 1947.

14. What was Liaquat Ali Khan’s role in Pakistan?

A) First Governor-General
B) First Prime Minister
C) Chief Justice
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D) Leader of Opposition
✅ Correct Answer: B) First Prime Minister
Explanation: Liaquat Ali Khan was Pakistan’s first PM.

15. Who was the religious leader and important supporter of the Pakistan Movement?
A) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
B) Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar
C) Maulana Shaukat Ali
D) Allama Iqbal
✅ Correct Answer: B) Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar
Explanation: He supported Muslim political rights and nationalism.

16. What was Quaid-e-Azam’s vision for Pakistan?

A) Religious state
B) Democratic and inclusive state
C) British colony
D) Socialist state
✅ Correct Answer: B) Democratic and inclusive state
Explanation: Jinnah wanted a state where all citizens are equal.

17. How did Allama Iqbal influence Muslim youth?

A) Through speeches only
B) Through poetry and philosophy
C) Through military training
D) Through political rallies only
✅ Correct Answer: B) Through poetry and philosophy
Explanation: His poetry inspired and educated Muslim youth.

18. Who was the first Governor-General of Pakistan?

A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
C) Khawaja Nazimuddin
D) Ghulam Muhammad
✅ Correct Answer: B) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Explanation: Jinnah became the first Governor-General.

19. Which leader strongly opposed partition and was a close Congress ally?
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A) Muhammad Ali Jinnah

B) Allama Iqbal
C) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
D) Liaquat Ali Khan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Explanation: Azad was against partition and wanted united India.

20. Which organization did Quaid-e-Azam join after leaving the Congress?
A) Muslim League
B) Hindu Mahasabha
C) Communist Party
D) British Indian Army
✅ Correct Answer: A) Muslim League
Explanation: Jinnah joined the Muslim League and led it to Pakistan.

Early Problems of Pakistan

1. What was one of the biggest challenges Pakistan faced immediately after independence?
A) Establishing foreign relations
B) Refugee crisis
C) Agricultural development
D) Industrial growth
✅ Correct Answer: B) Refugee crisis
Explanation: Millions of refugees migrated to Pakistan after partition.

2. Where did most refugees come from during partition?

A) Assam and Bengal
B) Punjab and Bengal
C) Sindh and Balochistan
D) Kashmir and NWFP
✅ Correct Answer: B) Punjab and Bengal
Explanation: Refugees mainly came from Indian Punjab and Bengal.

3. Which region was a major flashpoint between India and Pakistan after independence?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Kashmir
D) Bengal
✅ Correct Answer: C) Kashmir
Explanation: Kashmir became a disputed territory causing wars.
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4. Who was the ruler of Kashmir at the time of partition?

A) Maharaja Hari Singh
B) Sheikh Abdullah
C) Jawaharlal Nehru
D) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
✅ Correct Answer: A) Maharaja Hari Singh
Explanation: He was the Hindu ruler of Muslim-majority Kashmir.

5. What was the immediate cause of the First Kashmir War (1947)?
A) Invasion by tribal militias from Pakistan
B) Indian troops attacked Pakistan
C) Refugee crisis in Kashmir
D) Economic problems
✅ Correct Answer: A) Invasion by tribal militias from Pakistan
Explanation: Tribesmen from Pakistan invaded Kashmir in 1947.

6. Which organization helped Pakistan in Kashmir during the war?

A) UN Peacekeepers
B) Tribal militias from NWFP
C) British Army
D) Indian National Army
✅ Correct Answer: B) Tribal militias from NWFP
Explanation: Tribesmen from NWFP supported Pakistan.

7. What role did the United Nations play in Kashmir conflict?

A) Ignored the conflict
B) Sent peacekeeping forces and proposed a ceasefire
C) Supported Pakistan
D) Supported India
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sent peacekeeping forces and proposed a ceasefire
Explanation: UN called for ceasefire and plebiscite in Kashmir.

8. What was one major economic problem Pakistan faced after independence?
A) Surplus of industries
B) Lack of financial resources and infrastructure
C) Too much foreign investment
D) Overpopulation only
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lack of financial resources and infrastructure
Explanation: Pakistan inherited very few industries and financial assets.
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9. Why was the economic condition of Pakistan poor at independence?

A) British invested more in Pakistan
B) Most resources and industries remained in India
C) Pakistan had no natural resources
D) Economic sanctions by the world
✅ Correct Answer: B) Most resources and industries remained in India
Explanation: Key economic centers were left in India.

10. Which city served as Pakistan’s first capital?

A) Lahore
B) Islamabad
C) Karachi
D) Rawalpindi
✅ Correct Answer: C) Karachi
Explanation: Karachi was the first capital due to better infrastructure.

11. What was a major social issue due to the refugee crisis?
A) Overcrowding and lack of housing
B) High literacy rates
C) Full employment
D) Stable society
✅ Correct Answer: A) Overcrowding and lack of housing
Explanation: Refugees faced shelter shortages and poor living conditions.

12. Which leader was primarily responsible for handling the refugee crisis?
A) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Allama Iqbal
D) Khawaja Nazimuddin
✅ Correct Answer: B) Liaquat Ali Khan
Explanation: As Pakistan’s first Prime Minister, he managed refugee relief.

13. How did Pakistan try to solve the Kashmir issue initially?
A) Through diplomatic talks only
B) By military action and diplomatic efforts
C) By ignoring it
D) By handing it over to the UN
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✅ Correct Answer: B) By military action and diplomatic efforts

Explanation: Pakistan supported insurgency and sought UN intervention.

14. What was the main cause of the economic crisis in early Pakistan?
A) British economic policies favoring India
B) Heavy foreign aid
C) Lack of population
D) Political stability
✅ Correct Answer: A) British economic policies favoring India
Explanation: British investments were concentrated in India.

15. What was the division of the military between India and Pakistan called?
A) Army Division Plan
B) British Withdrawal Plan
C) Partition of Armed Forces
D) Military Reorganization
✅ Correct Answer: C) Partition of Armed Forces
Explanation: The British divided the armed forces between India and Pakistan.

16. Which area was Pakistan initially unable to control fully because of Kashmir conflict?
A) West Punjab
B) Azad Kashmir
C) East Bengal
D) Sindh
✅ Correct Answer: B) Azad Kashmir
Explanation: Pakistan controlled part of Kashmir known as Azad Kashmir.

17. Which river system caused economic concerns after partition?

A) Indus River System
B) Ganges River
C) Yamuna River
D) Brahmaputra River
✅ Correct Answer: A) Indus River System
Explanation: Water resources were split between India and Pakistan.

18. What was the response of Pakistan’s government to the refugee influx?
A) Immediate rehabilitation
B) Faced difficulties due to lack of resources
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C) Ignored the refugees

D) Sent refugees back to India
✅ Correct Answer: B) Faced difficulties due to lack of resources
Explanation: Pakistan struggled to provide basic facilities.

19. Which institution was established to help refugees settle in Pakistan?

A) Pakistan Refugee Rehabilitation Authority
B) Pakistan Relief Committee
C) National Refugee Organization
D) Pakistan Refugee Board
✅ Correct Answer: A) Pakistan Refugee Rehabilitation Authority
Explanation: This authority helped manage refugee resettlement.

20. How long did the Kashmir dispute continue to affect India-Pakistan relations?
A) Only in 1947
B) For many decades till present
C) It was resolved quickly
D) Never existed
✅ Correct Answer: B) For many decades till present
Explanation: Kashmir remains a contentious issue between both countries.

Objective Resolution (1949)

1. When was the Objective Resolution passed?
A) 14 August 1947
B) 23 March 1949
C) 12 March 1949
D) 15 August 1947
✅ Correct Answer: C) 12 March 1949
Explanation: Passed by Pakistan’s Constituent Assembly on 12 March 1949.

2. Who presented the Objective Resolution?

A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
C) Allama Iqbal
D) Iskander Mirza
✅ Correct Answer: A) Liaquat Ali Khan
Explanation: Then PM Liaquat Ali Khan presented it in the Assembly.

3. What was the Objective Resolution?

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A) A foreign policy
B) A trade agreement
C) A guideline for the future constitution
D) A military strategy
✅ Correct Answer: C) A guideline for the future constitution
Explanation: It laid the foundation of Pakistan’s constitutional structure.

4. What is the main theme of the Objective Resolution?

A) Secularism
B) Socialism
C) Sovereignty belongs to Allah
D) Monarchy
✅ Correct Answer: C) Sovereignty belongs to Allah
Explanation: The resolution declared that authority belongs to Allah.

5. Which body passed the Objective Resolution?

A) National Assembly
B) Senate
C) Constituent Assembly
D) Supreme Court
✅ Correct Answer: C) Constituent Assembly
Explanation: Pakistan’s first Constituent Assembly passed it.

6. The Objective Resolution was made a part of the Constitution in which year?
A) 1956
B) 1962
C) 1973
D) 1985
✅ Correct Answer: D) 1985
Explanation: Made a substantive part of Constitution during Zia’s era.

7. Which Article of the 1973 Constitution includes the Objective Resolution?

A) Article 1
B) Article 2
C) Article 2-A
D) Article 6
✅ Correct Answer: C) Article 2-A
Explanation: Added through 8th Amendment in 1985 as Article 2-A.
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8. What does the Objective Resolution say about minorities?

A) No rights
B) Equal rights
C) Special treatment
D) Deportation
✅ Correct Answer: B) Equal rights
Explanation: Minorities were guaranteed full religious and cultural rights.

9. The Objective Resolution emphasizes which system of government?

A) Monarchy
B) Dictatorship
C) Islamic democracy
D) Secular state
✅ Correct Answer: C) Islamic democracy
Explanation: The Resolution laid foundations for Islamic principles in governance.

10. Who opposed the Objective Resolution in the Assembly?

A) Hindu members
B) Muslim League
C) Religious scholars
D) None
✅ Correct Answer: A) Hindu members
Explanation: Some non-Muslim members expressed concerns about the Islamic focus.

11. The Objective Resolution is a blend of:

A) Capitalism and monarchy
B) Religion and modern democracy
C) Dictatorship and military rule
D) Socialism and communism
✅ Correct Answer: B) Religion and modern democracy
Explanation: It combined Islamic principles with democratic values.

12. The Resolution promised Pakistan will be run by:

A) Military leaders
B) A king
C) The people under divine guidance
D) British officials
✅ Correct Answer: C) The people under divine guidance
Explanation: Authority exercised by people within the limits set by Allah.
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13. What was the language of the Resolution?

A) Only English
B) Only Urdu
C) Both English and Urdu
D) Arabic
✅ Correct Answer: C) Both English and Urdu
Explanation: It was presented in both official languages.

14. How did religious parties respond to the Resolution?

A) Opposed it
B) Ignored it
C) Welcomed it
D) Protested
✅ Correct Answer: C) Welcomed it
Explanation: Religious groups supported the Islamic direction of the Resolution.

15. The Resolution serves as a:

A) Law
B) Policy document
C) Constitutional preamble
D) Judicial order
✅ Correct Answer: C) Constitutional preamble
Explanation: It serves as a preamble and guiding principle for future constitutions.

16. What term describes Pakistan’s system as per the Resolution?

A) Absolute monarchy
B) Islamic Republic
C) Communist State
D) Federal Kingdom
✅ Correct Answer: B) Islamic Republic
Explanation: It laid the basis for Pakistan to become an Islamic Republic.

17. Objective Resolution promised safeguarding:

A) Foreign trade
B) Education system
C) Fundamental rights
D) Only Muslim citizens
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Fundamental rights

Explanation: It ensured protection of basic human rights for all citizens.

18. The Resolution emphasizes equality in:

A) Military ranks
B) Political parties
C) Religion, law, and opportunity
D) Languages
✅ Correct Answer: C) Religion, law, and opportunity
Explanation: It committed to ensuring justice and equality for all.

19. What major principle of Islam is highlighted in the Resolution?

A) Capital punishment
B) Jihad
C) Sovereignty of Allah
D) Inheritance
✅ Correct Answer: C) Sovereignty of Allah
Explanation: Central principle that Allah is supreme authority.

20. How is the Objective Resolution viewed today?

A) As outdated
B) As the foundation of Islamic constitutionalism
C) As a British document
D) As irrelevant to law
✅ Correct Answer: B) As the foundation of Islamic constitutionalism
Explanation: It shapes Pakistan’s constitutional and legal ideology.

1956 Constitution of Pakistan

1. When was the first constitution of Pakistan enforced?
A) 14 August 1955
B) 23 March 1956
C) 14 August 1956
D) 23 March 1955
✅ Correct Answer: B) 23 March 1956
Explanation: It was enforced on Pakistan Day, 23rd March 1956.

2. Who was the head of state under the 1956 Constitution?

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A) Governor-General
B) President
C) Prime Minister
D) Chief Justice
✅ Correct Answer: B) President
Explanation: The constitution replaced Governor-General with a President.

3. What was the official name of Pakistan under the 1956 Constitution?
A) Dominion of Pakistan
B) Islamic Republic of Pakistan
C) People's Republic of Pakistan
D) Federal State of Pakistan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Explanation: Pakistan was officially declared an Islamic Republic.

4. Who became the first President of Pakistan under this constitution?

A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Iskander Mirza
C) Muhammad Ali Bogra
D) Ayub Khan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Iskander Mirza
Explanation: He was the last Governor-General and became the first President.

5. What type of government did the 1956 Constitution establish?

A) Unitary
B) Presidential
C) Parliamentary
D) Military
✅ Correct Answer: C) Parliamentary
Explanation: Pakistan adopted a parliamentary form of government.

6. According to the 1956 Constitution, who was the head of government?

A) Chief Justice
B) President
C) Prime Minister
D) Army Chief
✅ Correct Answer: C) Prime Minister
Explanation: The Prime Minister was the head of government.
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7. What was the status of Islam in the 1956 Constitution?

A) Not mentioned
B) Private belief
C) State religion
D) Banned
✅ Correct Answer: C) State religion
Explanation: Islam was declared the state religion of Pakistan.

8. What was the structure of the legislature under the 1956 Constitution?
A) Unicameral (one house)
B) Bicameral (two houses)
C) No legislature
D) Presidential cabinet
✅ Correct Answer: A) Unicameral (one house)
Explanation: It had only one legislative body: the National Assembly.

9. What was the length of the term for the President under the 1956 Constitution?
A) 4 years
B) 5 years
C) 6 years
D) 7 years
✅ Correct Answer: B) 5 years
Explanation: The President was elected for a 5-year term.

10. Who elected the President under this Constitution?

A) Direct public vote
B) Prime Minister
C) National Assembly
D) Supreme Court
✅ Correct Answer: C) National Assembly
Explanation: The National Assembly elected the President.

11. How many provinces were there under the 1956 Constitution?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
✅ Correct Answer: A) 2
Explanation: East and West Pakistan were the two provinces.
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12. The 1956 Constitution provided a federation with:

A) Strong central government
B) Equal provincial autonomy
C) Independent provinces
D) Military zones
✅ Correct Answer: B) Equal provincial autonomy
Explanation: It aimed for equal rights to East and West Pakistan.

13. What did the Constitution say about fundamental rights?

A) Not included
B) Postponed
C) Guaranteed
D) Denied
✅ Correct Answer: C) Guaranteed
Explanation: The Constitution guaranteed basic human rights.

14. The National Language according to the 1956 Constitution was:

A) Urdu only
B) Bengali only
C) English
D) Urdu and Bengali
✅ Correct Answer: D) Urdu and Bengali
Explanation: Both Urdu and Bengali were declared national languages.

15. What was the voting age defined in the 1956 Constitution?
A) 18 years
B) 21 years
C) 25 years
D) 30 years
✅ Correct Answer: B) 21 years
Explanation: Adult franchise began at age 21.

16. Who had the power to appoint the Prime Minister?

A) President
B) Chief Justice
C) National Assembly
D) Military
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✅ Correct Answer: A) President

Explanation: The President appointed the PM from the majority party.

17. Which principle did the Constitution promise to follow in lawmaking?

A) Western values
B) Hindu traditions
C) Islamic teachings
D) Colonial policies
✅ Correct Answer: C) Islamic teachings
Explanation: Laws had to be in line with Islamic principles.

18. What was the main reason for failure of the 1956 Constitution?
A) Public rejection
B) Delay in elections
C) Military coup
D) Economic crisis
✅ Correct Answer: C) Military coup
Explanation: It was abrogated by General Ayub Khan’s military takeover.

19. When was the 1956 Constitution abrogated?

A) 1958
B) 1960
C) 1962
D) 1973
✅ Correct Answer: A) 1958
Explanation: Martial Law was imposed on 7 October 1958.

20. Who abrogated the 1956 Constitution?

A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Ayub Khan
C) Iskander Mirza
D) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
✅ Correct Answer: B) Ayub Khan
Explanation: General Ayub Khan took control and abolished the constitution.

1962 Constitution of Pakistan

1. When was the 1962 Constitution enforced?
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A) 8 June 1962
B) 23 March 1962
C) 14 August 1962
D) 1 July 1962
✅ Correct Answer: A) 8 June 1962
Explanation: It came into effect on 8th June 1962.

2. Who introduced the 1962 Constitution?

A) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
B) Iskander Mirza
C) General Ayub Khan
D) Liaquat Ali Khan
✅ Correct Answer: C) General Ayub Khan
Explanation: Ayub Khan introduced it after abrogating the 1956 Constitution.

3. What system of government was established by the 1962 Constitution?

A) Parliamentary
B) Presidential
C) Monarchy
D) Semi-presidential
✅ Correct Answer: B) Presidential
Explanation: It introduced a strong presidential form of government.

4. Who held the most power under the 1962 Constitution?

A) Prime Minister
B) President
C) National Assembly
D) Chief Justice
✅ Correct Answer: B) President
Explanation: The President had full executive powers.

5. What was the official religion according to the 1962 Constitution?

A) Islam
B) Hinduism
C) Secularism
D) Not mentioned
✅ Correct Answer: A) Islam
Explanation: Islam was declared the state religion.
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6. What was the name of the legislative body in the 1962 Constitution?
A) Senate
B) National Assembly
C) Federal Council
D) People’s Assembly
✅ Correct Answer: B) National Assembly
Explanation: A unicameral National Assembly was created.

7. How was the President elected under this Constitution?

A) Direct public vote
B) National Assembly
C) Electoral College of Basic Democrats
D) By Army
✅ Correct Answer: C) Electoral College of Basic Democrats
Explanation: 80,000 elected members (Basic Democrats) voted for the President.

8. What was the term of the President under the 1962 Constitution?
A) 4 years
B) 5 years
C) 6 years
D) Unlimited
✅ Correct Answer: B) 5 years
Explanation: The President's term was fixed for five years.

9. Was there a Prime Minister under the 1962 Constitution?

A) Yes
B) No
✅ Correct Answer: B) No
Explanation: The office of Prime Minister was abolished.

10. The 1962 Constitution provided for:

A) Provincial independence
B) Centralized authority
C) Absolute monarchy
D) Military rule
✅ Correct Answer: B) Centralized authority
Explanation: Power was concentrated in the center under the President.
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11. Which system was introduced at the local level under Ayub Khan?
A) Panchayat system
B) Basic Democracies system
C) Council system
D) Provincial Autonomy
✅ Correct Answer: B) Basic Democracies system
Explanation: A local government system with elected Basic Democrats was introduced.

12. What was the number of seats in the National Assembly?

A) 100
B) 144
C) 156
D) 300
✅ Correct Answer: B) 144
Explanation: 144 seats were equally divided between East and West Pakistan.

13. How many times was the 1962 Constitution amended?

A) 3
B) 4
C) 6
D) 10
✅ Correct Answer: C) 6
Explanation: It went through six amendments before being replaced.

14. What did the Constitution say about the judiciary?

A) Fully independent
B) Controlled by Parliament
C) Controlled by President
D) Abolished
✅ Correct Answer: A) Fully independent
Explanation: It provided independence of judiciary in theory.

15. Which Article of the 1962 Constitution allowed Islamic teachings in laws?
A) Article 1
B) Article 25
C) Article 199
D) Article 198
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✅ Correct Answer: D) Article 198

Explanation: It required laws to be in line with Islamic principles.

16. Which language was declared national under the 1962 Constitution?
A) Urdu only
B) Bengali only
C) Urdu and Bengali
D) English
✅ Correct Answer: C) Urdu and Bengali
Explanation: Both Urdu and Bengali were accepted as national languages.

17. The Constitution provided for:

A) Two chambers in parliament
B) One house (Unicameral)
C) No legislature
D) Tribal Jirgas
✅ Correct Answer: B) One house (Unicameral)
Explanation: It had only the National Assembly.

18. When was the 1962 Constitution suspended?

A) 1965
B) 1968
C) 1969
D) 1971
✅ Correct Answer: C) 1969
Explanation: General Yahya Khan suspended it after Ayub Khan resigned.

19. Which movement led to the end of Ayub Khan’s rule?

A) Civil Disobedience Movement
B) Lawyers’ Movement
C) Student and opposition protests
D) Economic Reforms Movement
✅ Correct Answer: C) Student and opposition protests
Explanation: Widespread protests forced Ayub Khan to resign in 1969.

20. What was a key weakness of the 1962 Constitution?

A) Too democratic
B) Weak central authority
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C) Concentration of power in one person

D) Excessive provincial autonomy
✅ Correct Answer: C) Concentration of power in one person
Explanation: The President had overwhelming powers, leading to imbalance.

1973 Constitution of Pakistan

1. When was the 1973 Constitution enforced?
A) 14 August 1972
B) 23 March 1973
C) 14 August 1973
D) 1 July 1973
✅ Correct Answer: C) 14 August 1973
Explanation: It was enforced on Pakistan's Independence Day in 1973.

2. Who was the Prime Minister when the 1973 Constitution was passed?
A) Ayub Khan
B) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
C) Liaquat Ali Khan
D) Benazir Bhutto
✅ Correct Answer: B) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Explanation: Bhutto was the Prime Minister and played a key role in framing the Constitution.

3. What system of government does the 1973 Constitution establish?

A) Presidential
B) Semi-presidential
C) Parliamentary
D) Monarchy
✅ Correct Answer: C) Parliamentary
Explanation: The Constitution restored a parliamentary system of governance.

4. What is the official name of the country under this Constitution?

A) Republic of Pakistan
B) Federal Republic of Pakistan
C) Islamic Republic of Pakistan
D) Democratic Pakistan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Explanation: The full official name is “Islamic Republic of Pakistan.”
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5. Who is the head of state under the 1973 Constitution?

A) Prime Minister
B) President
C) Chief of Army Staff
D) Chief Justice
✅ Correct Answer: B) President
Explanation: The President is the ceremonial head of state.

6. Who is the head of government?

A) President
B) Prime Minister
C) Chief Minister
D) Speaker
✅ Correct Answer: B) Prime Minister
Explanation: The Prime Minister is the chief executive with real powers.

7. Which body elects the Prime Minister?

A) Senate
B) Supreme Court
C) National Assembly
D) General public
✅ Correct Answer: C) National Assembly
Explanation: Members of the National Assembly elect the Prime Minister.

8. What is the term of the National Assembly under the Constitution?

A) 3 years
B) 4 years
C) 5 years
D) 6 years
✅ Correct Answer: C) 5 years
Explanation: The National Assembly serves a 5-year term.

9. What is the structure of the legislature?

A) Unicameral
B) Bicameral
C) Federal Council
D) None
✅ Correct Answer: B) Bicameral
Explanation: It consists of the National Assembly (lower house) and Senate (upper house).
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10. What is the term of the President under the 1973 Constitution?
A) 4 years
B) 5 years
C) 6 years
D) 7 years
✅ Correct Answer: B) 5 years
Explanation: The President is elected for a 5-year term.

11. What is the minimum age to become the President of Pakistan?

A) 35 years
B) 40 years
C) 45 years
D) 50 years
✅ Correct Answer: B) 45 years
Explanation: A candidate must be at least 45 years old.

12. Which article declares Islam as the state religion?

A) Article 1
B) Article 2
C) Article 6
D) Article 25
✅ Correct Answer: B) Article 2
Explanation: Islam is declared as the state religion of Pakistan.

13. Which article was added to make the Objectives Resolution part of the Constitution?
A) Article 1
B) Article 2
C) Article 2-A
D) Article 3
✅ Correct Answer: C) Article 2-A
Explanation: The Objectives Resolution was made part of the Constitution in Article 2-A.

14. Which article deals with fundamental rights?

A) Article 8 to 28
B) Article 1 to 5
C) Article 25 to 45
D) Article 50 to 60
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Article 8 to 28

Explanation: These articles guarantee rights like equality, freedom, and religion.

15. Which article ensures equality before law?

A) Article 19
B) Article 23
C) Article 25
D) Article 17
✅ Correct Answer: C) Article 25
Explanation: It guarantees equality of all citizens before the law.

16. Who appoints the Chief Justice of Pakistan?

A) Prime Minister
B) Senate
C) President
D) National Assembly
✅ Correct Answer: C) President
Explanation: The President appoints the Chief Justice of Pakistan.

17. What is the term of a Senator in Pakistan?

A) 3 years
B) 4 years
C) 5 years
D) 6 years
✅ Correct Answer: D) 6 years
Explanation: Each Senator serves for 6 years, with half retiring every 3 years.

18. How many parts does the 1973 Constitution have?

A) 10
B) 12
C) 14
D) 15
✅ Correct Answer: C) 14
Explanation: It is divided into 14 parts, each covering specific areas of law.

19. When was the 18th Amendment passed to restore parliamentary powers?
A) 2008
B) 2009
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C) 2010
D) 2012
✅ Correct Answer: C) 2010
Explanation: The 18th Amendment in 2010 reduced presidential powers and strengthened
parliament.

20. What kind of state does the Constitution of 1973 aim to build?
A) Socialist
B) Secular
C) Islamic welfare state
D) Military-led
✅ Correct Answer: C) Islamic welfare state
Explanation: The preamble and principles of policy emphasize an Islamic welfare state.

1948 War (First Indo-Pak War over Kashmir)

1. When did the first Indo-Pak war begin?
A) 1947–48
B) 1949–50
C) 1951
D) 1955
✅ Correct Answer: A) 1947–48
Explanation: The war started soon after the partition in 1947 and continued into 1948.
2. What was the main cause of the 1948 War?
A) Water dispute
B) Kashmir accession
C) Economic disagreements
D) Border trade
✅ Correct Answer: B) Kashmir accession
Explanation: The conflict emerged over the princely state of Kashmir’s accession.
3. Which international body brokered the ceasefire?
A) NATO
B) United Nations
C) OIC
D) Commonwealth
✅ Correct Answer: B) United Nations
Explanation: The UN intervened diplomatically and secured a ceasefire in 1949.
4. What was the result of the ceasefire?
A) Entire Kashmir joined Pakistan
B) Kashmir merged with India
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C) Kashmir divided
D) Ceasefire only, no boundary change
✅ Correct Answer: C) Kashmir divided
Explanation: The region was partitioned between India and Pakistan along the Ceasefire
Line.
5. Kashmir’s ruler at the time was:
A) Sheikh Abdullah
B) Mahatma Gandhi
C) Maharaja Hari Singh
D) Jawaharlal Nehru
✅ Correct Answer: C) Maharaja Hari Singh
Explanation: He was the Hindu ruler of the Muslim-majority state during accession.
6. Which side sought help from India in the conflict?
A) Pakistan
B) Kashmir’s populace
C) Maharaja Hari Singh
D) UN
✅ Correct Answer: C) Maharaja Hari Singh
Explanation: He requested Indian military support to repel tribal invasions.
7. Which line was established post-war?
A) Border Line
B) Ceasefire Line
C) International Border
D) Demilitarized Zone
✅ Correct Answer: B) Ceasefire Line
Explanation: The Ceasefire Line separated Indian- and Pakistani-controlled Kashmir.
8. The ceasefire line later became known as:
A) LoC
B) Radcliffe Line
C) Durand Line
D) McMahon Line
✅ Correct Answer: A) LoC (Line of Control)
Explanation: The Ceasefire Line evolved into the de facto Line of Control.
9. In which year did the ceasefire come into effect?
A) 1949
B) 1951
C) 1948
D) 1950
✅ Correct Answer: A) 1949
Explanation: The ceasefire took hold in early 1949 after prolonged conflict.
10. The first war was primarily fought over:
A) Punjab
B) Kashmir
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C) Bengal
D) Sindh
✅ Correct Answer: B) Kashmir
Explanation: The territorial dispute over Kashmir was the primary flashpoint.
11. The conflict started due to:
A) Tribal raids
B) Economic bloc
C) Religious tension
D) Flooding
✅ Correct Answer: A) Tribal raids
Explanation: Attacks by Pashtun tribesmen from Pakistan triggered full-scale conflict.
12. India accused Pakistan of helping:
A) Tribal armies
B) UN forces
C) China
D) RAF
✅ Correct Answer: A) Tribal armies
Explanation: India claimed Pakistan supported and organized the tribal invasion.
13. The geographic focus of the conflict was:
A) South India
B) North-West frontier
C) Kashmir Himalayas
D) Coastal areas
✅ Correct Answer: C) Kashmir Himalayas
Explanation: The conflict unfolded in the mountainous regions of Kashmir.
14. The UN ceasefire aimed to:
A) Immediately end the war
B) Merge countries
C) Expand war
D) None of these
✅ Correct Answer: A) Immediately end the war
Explanation: The ceasefire was designed to halt hostilities and stabilize the region.
15. Post-1948 agreement promised:
A) UN-sponsored plebiscite in Kashmir
B) Permanent division
C) Kashmir to Pakistan
D) No elections
✅ Correct Answer: A) UN-sponsored plebiscite in Kashmir
Explanation: The UN proposed a plebiscite to determine Kashmir's future, but it was
never held.
16. Which side controlled part of Kashmir after the war?
A) India only
B) Pakistan only
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C) Both countries
D) UN
✅ Correct Answer: C) Both countries
Explanation: Both India and Pakistan came to administer parts of Kashmir.
17. The 1948 War preceded which other conflict?
A) 1971
B) 1965
C) 1999
D) 2016
✅ Correct Answer: B) 1965
Explanation: It was the first of several wars between the two countries.
18. The war helped shape:
A) Constitutional reforms
B) Kashmir conflict
C) Trade policies
D) Sports treaties
✅ Correct Answer: B) Kashmir conflict
Explanation: It hardened the Kashmir issue into a long-standing dispute.
19. India’s major objective was to:
A) Maintain control
B) Annex Pakistan
C) Expand Punjab
D) Form alliance
✅ Correct Answer: A) Maintain control
Explanation: India aimed to retain its hold on strategically important Kashmir.
20. Resulting outcome:
A) Peace treaty
B) Territory unchanged
C) Division of Kashmir
D) Abolished frontier
✅ Correct Answer: C) Division of Kashmir
Explanation: The war ended in Kashmir’s division, laying the groundwork for decades of
tension.

1965 War –(Indo-Pak War over Kashmir)

1. What was the main reason for the 1965 war between India and Pakistan?
A) Water dispute
B) Economic sanctions
C) Kashmir conflict
D) Nuclear weapons
✅ Correct Answer: C) Kashmir conflict
Explanation: The war was primarily fought over the Kashmir issue.
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2. What was the name of Pakistan's operation in Kashmir during the 1965 war?
A) Operation Gibraltar
B) Operation Zarb-e-Azb
C) Operation Sunrise
D) Operation Falcon
✅ Correct Answer: A) Operation Gibraltar
Explanation: Operation Gibraltar was Pakistan’s plan to infiltrate forces into Indian
Kashmir.
3. Which international leader helped mediate peace after the war?
A) John F. Kennedy
B) Harold Wilson
C) Alexei Kosygin
D) Nikita Khrushchev
✅ Correct Answer: C) Alexei Kosygin
Explanation: The Soviet Premier mediated the peace talks at Tashkent.
4. What was the outcome of the 1965 war?
A) Victory for India
B) Victory for Pakistan
C) No clear winner
D) Kashmir annexed by Pakistan
✅ Correct Answer: C) No clear winner
Explanation: Both sides claimed victory; a ceasefire was reached with no territorial gain.
5. Which agreement ended the 1965 war?
A) Shimla Agreement
B) Delhi Pact
C) Tashkent Agreement
D) Lahore Declaration
✅ Correct Answer: C) Tashkent Agreement
Explanation: The Tashkent Agreement was signed in January 1966 to restore peace.
6. Who was the President of Pakistan during the 1965 war?
A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
C) General Ayub Khan
D) Iskander Mirza
✅ Correct Answer: C) General Ayub Khan
Explanation: Ayub Khan led Pakistan as President during the 1965 conflict.
7. Who was the Prime Minister of India during the 1965 war?
A) Jawaharlal Nehru
B) Lal Bahadur Shastri
C) Indira Gandhi
D) Rajiv Gandhi
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lal Bahadur Shastri
Explanation: Shastri was India’s PM and died shortly after the Tashkent Agreement.
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8. The war officially began in which month?

A) July 1965
B) September 1965
C) October 1965
D) November 1965
✅ Correct Answer: B) September 1965
Explanation: Major fighting broke out in early September.
9. Which city hosted the Tashkent peace talks?
A) Moscow
B) Delhi
C) Tashkent
D) Islamabad
✅ Correct Answer: C) Tashkent
Explanation: The talks were held in Tashkent (then part of USSR, now in Uzbekistan).
10. Who represented Pakistan in the Tashkent Agreement?
A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Z.A. Bhutto
C) Ayub Khan
D) Yahya Khan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Ayub Khan
Explanation: As President, Ayub Khan signed the agreement.
11. Which country’s air force supported Pakistan during the war?
A) USA
B) China
C) None
D) Saudi Arabia
✅ Correct Answer: C) None
Explanation: No country provided direct military support to Pakistan.
12. What major city in India did Pakistan attack?
A) Delhi
B) Amritsar
C) Lahore
D) Sialkot
✅ Correct Answer: B) Amritsar
Explanation: Amritsar was a key target of Pakistani forces.
13. Which region saw the heaviest tank battles during the war?
A) Kashmir Valley
B) Sialkot Sector
C) Lahore City
D) Kargil
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sialkot Sector
Explanation: Sialkot witnessed one of the largest tank battles since World War II.
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14. What was the role of the United Nations in the 1965 war?
A) Military intervention
B) Weapons supply
C) Ceasefire resolution
D) Peacekeeping force
✅ Correct Answer: C) Ceasefire resolution
Explanation: The UN passed resolutions to halt fighting between the two countries.
15. How many days did the 1965 war last?
A) 7 days
B) 17 days
C) 25 days
D) 31 days
✅ Correct Answer: B) 17 days
Explanation: The war lasted from 6 to 23 September 1965.
16. Who was the Foreign Minister of Pakistan during the war?
A) Agha Shahi
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Z.A. Bhutto
D) Ghulam Ishaq Khan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Z.A. Bhutto
Explanation: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was the foreign minister at the time.
17. What was India’s military operation called during the war?
A) Operation Vijay
B) Operation Blue Star
C) Operation Grand Slam
D) Operation Ablaze
✅ Correct Answer: D) Operation Ablaze
Explanation: Operation Ablaze was India’s codename for its military response.
18. Which country was considered neutral during the 1965 war?
A) USSR
B) USA
C) China
D) UK
✅ Correct Answer: B) USA
Explanation: The USA remained largely neutral and suspended military aid to both.
19. What effect did the 1965 war have on the Pakistani economy?
A) Economic boom
B) No effect
C) Economic strain
D) Industrial growth
✅ Correct Answer: C) Economic strain
Explanation: The war put economic pressure on Pakistan due to defense spending.
 157

20. What important post-war slogan became popular in Pakistan?

A) “Roti, Kapra, Makan”
B) “Victory is ours”
C) “Faith, Unity, Discipline”
D) “We are one nation”
✅ Correct Answer: A) “Roti, Kapra, Makan”
Explanation: The slogan gained popularity later but originated during this era.

1971 War –(Fall of Dhaka / Creation of Bangladesh)

1. What was the main cause of the 1971 Indo-Pak War?
A) Kashmir dispute
B) Border issue
C) East Pakistan’s demand for independence
D) Religious conflict
✅ Correct Answer: C) East Pakistan’s demand for independence
Explanation: The war began due to political and ethnic tensions in East Pakistan.
2. Which country supported East Pakistan’s independence movement?
A) China
B) USA
C) India
D) Iran
✅ Correct Answer: C) India
Explanation: India supported the Mukti Bahini and East Pakistan’s fight for
independence.
3. When did Dhaka fall to Indian forces?
A) 3 December 1971
B) 6 September 1971
C) 16 December 1971
D) 25 December 1971
✅ Correct Answer: C) 16 December 1971
Explanation: On this date, Pakistan’s military surrendered in Dhaka.
4. What was the name of the rebel group in East Pakistan?
A) TTP
B) Mukti Bahini
C) RSS
D) Mujahideen
✅ Correct Answer: B) Mukti Bahini
Explanation: Mukti Bahini was a Bengali nationalist guerrilla force.
5. Which Pakistani general signed the surrender in Dhaka?
A) General Tikka Khan
B) General Ayub Khan
C) General Yahya Khan
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D) Lt. Gen. A.A.K. Niazi

✅ Correct Answer: D) Lt. Gen. A.A.K. Niazi
Explanation: He surrendered to Indian forces on 16 December 1971.
6. Which Indian general accepted the Pakistani surrender?
A) General Manekshaw
B) General Thimayya
C) General Rawat
D) General Cariappa
✅ Correct Answer: A) General Manekshaw
Explanation: He was the Chief of Indian Army at the time.
7. Who was the President of Pakistan during the 1971 war?
A) Ayub Khan
B) Yahya Khan
C) Zia-ul-Haq
D) Bhutto
✅ Correct Answer: B) Yahya Khan
Explanation: Yahya Khan was the President during the war.
8. Who became President of Pakistan after the 1971 war?
A) Ayub Khan
B) Bhutto
C) Yahya Khan
D) Niazi
✅ Correct Answer: B) Bhutto
Explanation: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto became President and later Prime Minister after the
war.
9. The war led to the creation of which country?
A) Nepal
B) Bhutan
C) Bangladesh
D) Sri Lanka
✅ Correct Answer: C) Bangladesh
Explanation: East Pakistan became Bangladesh after the war.
10. Which Pakistani province was involved in the conflict?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) East Pakistan (now Bangladesh)
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: C) East Pakistan (now Bangladesh)
Explanation: The conflict occurred in East Pakistan.
11. Which country helped Pakistan diplomatically during the war?
A) Soviet Union
B) USA
C) UK
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D) Japan
✅ Correct Answer: B) USA
Explanation: The USA supported Pakistan diplomatically but avoided direct
involvement.
12. What triggered India's military intervention in East Pakistan?
A) Oil crisis
B) Refugee crisis
C) Water dispute
D) Border raids
✅ Correct Answer: B) Refugee crisis
Explanation: Millions of refugees fled to India, prompting military action.
13. Who was the Indian Prime Minister during the war?
A) Nehru
B) Vajpayee
C) Rajiv Gandhi
D) Indira Gandhi
✅ Correct Answer: D) Indira Gandhi
Explanation: She was India’s PM and played a key role in the war.
14. Which operation did India launch during the war?
A) Operation Blue Star
B) Operation Desert Storm
C) Operation Searchlight
D) Operation Trident
✅ Correct Answer: D) Operation Trident
Explanation: It was one of India’s naval operations against Pakistan.
15. How many Pakistani soldiers surrendered in the 1971 war?
A) 10,000
B) 25,000
C) 50,000
D) 90,000
✅ Correct Answer: D) 90,000
Explanation: Over 90,000 Pakistani troops surrendered to Indian forces.
16. What was the capital of East Pakistan?
A) Lahore
B) Rawalpindi
C) Karachi
D) Dhaka
✅ Correct Answer: D) Dhaka
Explanation: Dhaka was the capital of East Pakistan.
17. What was the main demand of the Awami League?
A) Islamic law
B) Military rule
C) Autonomy for East Pakistan
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D) Kashmir merger
✅ Correct Answer: C) Autonomy for East Pakistan
Explanation: The Awami League wanted more political and economic autonomy.
18. Which Pakistani political party was defeated in East Pakistan’s 1970 elections?
A) Muslim League
B) Jamaat-e-Islami
C) PPP
D) Awami League
✅ Correct Answer: C) PPP
Explanation: Bhutto’s PPP lost to Awami League in East Pakistan.
19. What was the international reaction to the creation of Bangladesh?
A) Immediate recognition
B) Strong opposition
C) Mixed response
D) Ignored
✅ Correct Answer: C) Mixed response
Explanation: Some countries recognized Bangladesh quickly, others delayed.
20. Which agreement was signed after the war to normalize relations?
A) Delhi Pact
B) Shimla Agreement
C) Lahore Declaration
D) Tashkent Agreement
✅ Correct Answer: B) Shimla Agreement
Explanation: The Shimla Agreement was signed in 1972 between India and Pakistan.

1999 Kargil War

1. Where did the 1999 Kargil conflict take place?
A) Punjab
B) Kashmir
C) Kargil region
D) Sindh
✅ Correct Answer: C) Kargil region
Explanation: The war was fought in the Kargil district of Jammu & Kashmir.
2. Which Pakistani forces infiltrated Indian positions in Kargil?
A) Regular Army and militants
B) Only militants
C) UN peacekeepers
D) Civilians
✅ Correct Answer: A) Regular Army and militants
Explanation: Both Pakistani soldiers and militants crossed the Line of Control.
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3. What was Pakistan’s codename for the Kargil operation?

A) Operation Gibraltar
B) Operation Badr
C) Operation Vijay
D) Operation Grand Slam
✅ Correct Answer: B) Operation Badr
Explanation: Operation Badr was the Pakistani plan for the Kargil infiltration.
4. When did India launch Operation Vijay?
A) May 1999
B) July 1999
C) September 1999
D) December 1999
✅ Correct Answer: A) May 1999
Explanation: India started Operation Vijay to regain Kargil heights in May 1999.
5. Who was the Prime Minister of India during the Kargil War?
A) Manmohan Singh
B) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
C) Indira Gandhi
D) P.V. Narasimha Rao
✅ Correct Answer: B) Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Explanation: Vajpayee led India during the Kargil conflict.
6. What role did the Indian Air Force play?
A) No involvement
B) Air strikes against infiltrators
C) Only reconnaissance
D) Transport only
✅ Correct Answer: B) Air strikes against infiltrators
Explanation: The IAF launched Operation Safed Sagar to support ground forces.
7. How did the international community react to the Kargil War?
A) Supported Pakistan
B) Condemned Pakistan’s intrusion
C) Remained neutral
D) Supported militants
✅ Correct Answer: B) Condemned Pakistan’s intrusion
Explanation: Most countries supported India’s call to respect the Line of Control.
8. What was the final outcome of the Kargil War?
A) Pakistan retained the positions
B) India regained all territories
C) War is ongoing
D) Ceasefire with no territorial change
✅ Correct Answer: B) India regained all territories
Explanation: India recaptured all infiltrated posts by July 1999.
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9. Which Pakistani military leader was blamed for the Kargil operation?
A) Pervez Musharraf
B) Zia-ul-Haq
C) Yahya Khan
D) Ayub Khan
✅ Correct Answer: A) Pervez Musharraf
Explanation: Musharraf was the Chief of Army Staff during Kargil.
10. The conflict violated which agreement?
A) Tashkent Agreement
B) Simla Agreement
C) Lahore Declaration
D) Karachi Agreement
✅ Correct Answer: B) Simla Agreement
Explanation: The Simla Agreement calls for peaceful resolution of disputes along the
LoC.
11. How did India detect the infiltration?
A) Satellite imagery
B) Civilians' reports
C) Military patrols and intelligence
D) Media leaks
✅ Correct Answer: C) Military patrols and intelligence
Explanation: Indian forces discovered infiltrators through patrols and intel.
12. Which mountain peak was a major battle site in Kargil?
A) Tiger Hill
B) Nanga Parbat
C) K2
D) Mount Everest
✅ Correct Answer: A) Tiger Hill
Explanation: Tiger Hill was strategically important and fiercely contested.
13. How long did the Kargil conflict last?
A) About 2 months
B) 1 week
C) 6 months
D) 1 year
✅ Correct Answer: A) About 2 months
Explanation: The war lasted from May to July 1999.
14. Which operation was launched by the Indian Navy during Kargil?
A) Operation Trident
B) Operation Talwar
C) Operation Vijay
D) Operation Safed Sagar
✅ Correct Answer: B) Operation Talwar
Explanation: The Navy launched Operation Talwar to blockade Pakistan’s ports.
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15. How did the war affect India-Pakistan relations?

A) Improved ties
B) Increased tensions
C) No change
D) Led to alliance
✅ Correct Answer: B) Increased tensions
Explanation: The war severely damaged bilateral relations.
16. What was the main geographical challenge during the war?
A) Desert warfare
B) Mountainous terrain and high altitude
C) Jungle fighting
D) Urban combat
✅ Correct Answer: B) Mountainous terrain and high altitude
Explanation: The conflict took place in difficult mountainous terrain at high altitude.
17. Which international body called for restraint during the Kargil War?
A) United Nations
B) NATO
C) OIC
D) ASEAN
✅ Correct Answer: A) United Nations
Explanation: The UN urged both countries to exercise restraint.
18. Which Indian military chief led the ground operations?
A) General Bipin Rawat
B) General Ved Malik
C) General Deepak Kapoor
D) General Manoj Mukund Naravane
✅ Correct Answer: B) General Ved Malik
Explanation: General Ved Malik was the Army Chief during the conflict.
19. What was a key factor in India’s victory?
A) Naval blockade
B) International support
C) Superior air and ground coordination
D) Diplomatic isolation of Pakistan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Superior air and ground coordination
Explanation: Coordinated use of air and ground forces helped regain territory.
20. What happened to Pakistan’s Prime Minister after the war?
A) Resigned
B) Strengthened rule
C) Military coup followed
D) No change
✅ Correct Answer: C) Military coup followed
Explanation: Later in 1999, General Musharraf took over in a coup against Nawaz
Sharif.
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Kashmir Issue and Pakistan’s Foreign Policy

1. What is the core issue between Pakistan and India since 1947?
A) Water sharing
B) Kashmir dispute
C) Trade imbalance
D) Border fencing
✅ Correct Answer: B) Kashmir dispute
Explanation: Kashmir has remained the central point of conflict between the two
nations.
2. Which UN resolution called for a plebiscite in Kashmir?
A) Resolution 37
B) Resolution 47
C) Resolution 112
D) Resolution 102
✅ Correct Answer: B) Resolution 47
Explanation: Passed in 1948, it called for a plebiscite under UN supervision.
3. What is Pakistan’s stance on the Kashmir issue in international forums?
A) Bilateral issue
B) Internal matter
C) Global issue requiring UN mediation
D) Ignored
✅ Correct Answer: C) Global issue requiring UN mediation
Explanation: Pakistan urges international involvement, especially from the UN.
4. Which part of Kashmir is under Pakistani administration?
A) Jammu
B) Ladakh
C) Azad Jammu & Kashmir
D) Leh
✅ Correct Answer: C) Azad Jammu & Kashmir
Explanation: AJK is administered by Pakistan, along with Gilgit-Baltistan.
5. What is the Line of Control (LoC)?
A) Pakistan’s border with Iran
B) Ceasefire line in Kashmir
C) Indian defense line
D) Border between Punjab and Sindh
✅ Correct Answer: B) Ceasefire line in Kashmir
Explanation: It separates Indian- and Pakistani-controlled parts of Kashmir.
6. Which Pakistani leader first raised Kashmir at the UN?
A) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
B) Liaquat Ali Khan
C) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
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D) Ayub Khan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Liaquat Ali Khan
Explanation: He took the Kashmir issue to the UN in early 1948.
7. What is Pakistan’s official position on Kashmir?
A) Withdraw claim
B) Support for plebiscite
C) Accept current borders
D) Let India decide
✅ Correct Answer: B) Support for plebiscite
Explanation: Pakistan demands a UN-supervised plebiscite for Kashmiris.
8. Which day is observed as Kashmir Solidarity Day in Pakistan?
A) 6 September
B) 14 August
C) 5 February
D) 23 March
✅ Correct Answer: C) 5 February
Explanation: Pakistan observes this day to show support for Kashmiris.
9. What is the main aim of Pakistan’s foreign policy towards Kashmir?
A) Trade promotion
B) Cultural exchange
C) Internationalize the issue
D) Border closure
✅ Correct Answer: C) Internationalize the issue
Explanation: Pakistan seeks global attention and support for Kashmir.
10. Which organization has supported Pakistan’s stance on Kashmir?
A) ASEAN
B) OIC
C) NATO
D) SAARC
✅ Correct Answer: B) OIC
Explanation: The Organization of Islamic Cooperation has repeatedly supported
Pakistan's view.
11. Which Pakistani Prime Minister addressed the UNGA on Kashmir in 2019?
A) Shahid Khaqan Abbasi
B) Nawaz Sharif
C) Imran Khan
D) Shehbaz Sharif
✅ Correct Answer: C) Imran Khan
Explanation: He strongly raised the issue after India's move on Article 370.
12. What action did India take in August 2019 regarding Kashmir?
A) Held elections
B) Started talks
C) Revoked Article 370
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D) Conducted plebiscite
✅ Correct Answer: C) Revoked Article 370
Explanation: India removed Jammu & Kashmir’s special constitutional status.
13. How did Pakistan respond to India’s 2019 Kashmir decision?
A) Military invasion
B) Declared war
C) Downgraded diplomatic ties
D) Ignored
✅ Correct Answer: C) Downgraded diplomatic ties
Explanation: Pakistan expelled Indian diplomats and reduced relations.
14. What does the term "Kashmir Banega Pakistan" mean?
A) Kashmir will remain neutral
B) Kashmir will become Pakistan
C) Pakistan will rule all Kashmir
D) Peace in Kashmir
✅ Correct Answer: B) Kashmir will become Pakistan
Explanation: It's a popular slogan supporting Pakistan’s claim.
15. Which international court has been approached by Pakistan on Kashmir?
A) ICC
B) ICJ
C) PCA
D) None
✅ Correct Answer: B) ICJ
Explanation: Pakistan has attempted to involve the International Court of Justice in
various ways.
16. Which key foreign policy goal is tied to the Kashmir issue?
A) Economic cooperation with China
B) Nuclear disarmament
C) Peaceful relations with Afghanistan
D) Strategic parity with India
✅ Correct Answer: D) Strategic parity with India
Explanation: Kashmir is central to maintaining balance and leverage with India.
17. Pakistan’s foreign policy stresses Kashmir as:
A) Economic zone
B) Religious issue only
C) Human rights and legal issue
D) Bilateral trade concern
✅ Correct Answer: C) Human rights and legal issue
Explanation: Pakistan highlights both legal rights and human rights violations.
18. What forum is most often used by Pakistan to raise Kashmir internationally?
A) G20
B) BRICS
C) UN General Assembly
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D) SCO
✅ Correct Answer: C) UN General Assembly
Explanation: Pakistan regularly addresses the UNGA on the Kashmir dispute.
19. What is the Simla Agreement (1972) about regarding Kashmir?
A) New border creation
B) Plebiscite in Kashmir
C) Bilateral resolution of disputes
D) UN involvement
✅ Correct Answer: C) Bilateral resolution of disputes
Explanation: The Simla Agreement emphasized resolving Kashmir bilaterally.
20. Which country strongly supports India’s stance on Kashmir?
A) China
B) Turkey
C) USA
D) Russia
✅ Correct Answer: D) Russia
Explanation: Russia generally supports India’s position and opposes third-party
intervention.

Pakistan’s Relations with Neighboring Countries

1. Which of the following countries does not share a land border with Pakistan?
A) China
B) Iran
C) Afghanistan
D) Turkey
✅ Correct Answer: D) Turkey
Explanation: Turkey is not a neighbor; it is located in West Asia.

2. Which neighboring country has the longest border with Pakistan?

A) Afghanistan
B) India
C) China
D) Iran
✅ Correct Answer: A) Afghanistan
Explanation: Pakistan shares the longest land border with Afghanistan.

3. What is the name of the Pakistan-China economic project?

A) Pak-China Friendship Route
B) Silk Highway
C) CPEC
D) Beijing-Karachi Line
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✅ Correct Answer: C) CPEC

Explanation: The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a major economic
partnership.

4. Which agreement governs Pakistan-India water sharing?

A) Indus Pact
B) Indus Waters Treaty
C) River Sharing Treaty
D) Water Accord
✅ Correct Answer: B) Indus Waters Treaty
Explanation: Signed in 1960, it regulates river water use between the two countries.

5. Which mountain pass connects Pakistan with Afghanistan?

A) Khyber Pass
B) Bolan Pass
C) Gomal Pass
D) Khunjerab Pass
✅ Correct Answer: A) Khyber Pass
Explanation: Khyber Pass has been a key trade and invasion route between the two.

6. Which border separates Pakistan and India?

A) Durand Line
B) Radcliffe Line
C) Green Line
D) Silk Route
✅ Correct Answer: B) Radcliffe Line
Explanation: It was drawn in 1947 during partition to divide British India.

7. What is the name of the Pakistan-Iran border?

A) Iran Line
B) Pak-Iran Wall
C) Gold Line
D) Pakistan-Iran Barrier
✅ Correct Answer: D) Pakistan-Iran Barrier
Explanation: A fence built to curb smuggling and improve border security.

8. Which country shares the shortest border with Pakistan?

A) India
B) Afghanistan
C) China
D) Iran
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✅ Correct Answer: C) China

Explanation: Pakistan shares the shortest land border with China.

9. Which sea connects Pakistan to Iran and India?

A) Red Sea
B) Arabian Sea
C) Bay of Bengal
D) Mediterranean Sea
✅ Correct Answer: B) Arabian Sea
Explanation: Pakistan’s southern coastline lies on the Arabian Sea.

10. Which Pakistani port is key to CPEC and China’s trade route?
A) Karachi Port
B) Bin Qasim Port
C) Gwadar Port
D) Pasni Port
✅ Correct Answer: C) Gwadar Port
Explanation: Gwadar is central to Pakistan-China trade via CPEC.

11. Which country does the Durand Line separate Pakistan from?
A) China
B) Iran
C) Afghanistan
D) India
✅ Correct Answer: C) Afghanistan
Explanation: The Durand Line is the Pakistan-Afghanistan border.

12. What is the status of Pakistan's relationship with India?

A) Very friendly
B) No relations
C) Tense and conflict-prone
D) Military alliance
✅ Correct Answer: C) Tense and conflict-prone
Explanation: Relations remain strained due to Kashmir and border issues.

13. Which country is considered Pakistan’s "all-weather friend"?

A) Iran
B) USA
C) China
D) Russia
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✅ Correct Answer: C) China

Explanation: China and Pakistan enjoy close diplomatic and military ties.

14. Which two countries signed the "Friendship Highway" project?

A) Pakistan and Afghanistan
B) Pakistan and India
C) Pakistan and Iran
D) Pakistan and China
✅ Correct Answer: D) Pakistan and China
Explanation: It connects the two via the Karakoram Highway.

15. Which border ceremony is held daily between Pakistan and India?
A) Lahore Exchange
B) Wagah Border Parade
C) Friendship March
D) Border Peace Walk
✅ Correct Answer: B) Wagah Border Parade
Explanation: A military ceremony takes place every evening at Wagah.

16. Which country helped Pakistan build nuclear power plants?

A) China
B) USA
C) Russia
D) India
✅ Correct Answer: A) China
Explanation: China assisted in civil nuclear energy projects in Pakistan.

17. Pakistan’s relations with Afghanistan are mostly affected by:

A) Oil trade
B) Durand Line and border security
C) Tourism
D) Education
✅ Correct Answer: B) Durand Line and border security
Explanation: The border and cross-border militancy often cause tensions.

18. Which country did Pakistan accuse of supporting separatists in Balochistan?

A) China
B) India
C) Afghanistan
D) Iran
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✅ Correct Answer: B) India

Explanation: Pakistan has often accused India of interfering in Balochistan.

19. Which neighboring country is part of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

(SCO) along with Pakistan?
A) Iran
B) India
C) Afghanistan
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Iran joined in 2023; India and Pakistan joined in 2017.

20. Which neighboring country is mostly Shia Muslim and shares deep religious ties
with Pakistan?
A) India
B) China
C) Iran
D) Afghanistan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Iran
Explanation: Iran and Pakistan share Islamic and cultural links, though relations
fluctuate.

Nuclear Program of Pakistan

1. When did Pakistan conduct its first nuclear tests?
A) 1996
B) 1998
C) 2000
D) 1995
✅ Correct Answer: B) 1998
Explanation: Pakistan conducted nuclear tests on 28 May 1998.

2. What is the name given to Pakistan’s nuclear tests in 1998?

A) Operation Zarb-e-Azb
B) Operation Kahuta
C) Chagai-I
D) Nasr
✅ Correct Answer: C) Chagai-I
Explanation: The tests were carried out in Chagai Hills, Balochistan.

3. Who is known as the "Father of Pakistan’s nuclear program"?

A) Dr. Abdul Salam
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B) Dr. A.Q. Khan

C) Dr. Samar Mubarakmand
D) Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad
✅ Correct Answer: B) Dr. A.Q. Khan
Explanation: Dr. A.Q. Khan played a key role in uranium enrichment.

4. Where is Pakistan’s main nuclear enrichment facility located?

A) Islamabad
B) Karachi
C) Kahuta
D) Multan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Kahuta
Explanation: Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL) is the primary enrichment site.

5. Which Prime Minister authorized the start of Pakistan’s nuclear program in the
1970s?
A) Nawaz Sharif
B) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
C) Benazir Bhutto
D) Ayub Khan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Explanation: He initiated the program after India’s nuclear test in 1974.

6. What was the name of India’s 1998 nuclear test operation?

A) Smiling Buddha
B) Operation Thunder
C) Pokhran-II
D) Indira-1
✅ Correct Answer: C) Pokhran-II
Explanation: India conducted these tests in May 1998, prompting Pakistan’s response.

7. Where did Pakistan conduct its nuclear tests?

A) Margalla Hills
B) Gilgit
C) Chagai Hills
D) Salt Range
✅ Correct Answer: C) Chagai Hills
Explanation: Tests were done in the Ras Koh hills of Chagai, Balochistan.

8. What is Pakistan’s policy on the use of nuclear weapons?

A) First Use
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B) No Use
C) No First Use (unofficial)
D) Only in Peacekeeping
✅ Correct Answer: C) No First Use (unofficial)
Explanation: Pakistan has not officially declared "No First Use" but follows a deterrent
strategy.

9. Which missile is capable of delivering a nuclear warhead in Pakistan’s arsenal?

A) Shaheen
B) Anza
C) Ghaznavi
D) Babar
✅ Correct Answer: A) Shaheen
Explanation: Shaheen series missiles are nuclear-capable.

10. Which Pakistani city houses a major nuclear power plant besides Karachi?
A) Lahore
B) Mianwali
C) Chashma
D) Hyderabad
✅ Correct Answer: C) Chashma
Explanation: Chashma Nuclear Power Plant is in Punjab.

11. Which international body monitors nuclear activities globally?

A) WHO
B) IMF
C) IAEA
D) UNESCO
✅ Correct Answer: C) IAEA
Explanation: The International Atomic Energy Agency oversees civilian nuclear
programs.

12. Which doctrine defines Pakistan’s use of nuclear weapons as a response to

aggression?
A) Deterrence Doctrine
B) Full Spectrum Deterrence
C) MAD Doctrine
D) Strategic Depth Policy
✅ Correct Answer: B) Full Spectrum Deterrence
Explanation: It ensures Pakistan can respond to all levels of threats.
 174

13. What is the name of Pakistan’s short-range nuclear-capable missile?

A) Ghauri
B) Shaheen-III
C) Nasr
D) Hatf-VI
✅ Correct Answer: C) Nasr
Explanation: Nasr is a tactical missile with short-range capabilities.

14. Which Pakistani scientist won a Nobel Prize but was not involved in the nuclear
program?
A) Dr. A.Q. Khan
B) Dr. Abdul Salam
C) Dr. Samar Mubarakmand
D) Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad
✅ Correct Answer: B) Dr. Abdul Salam
Explanation: He won the Nobel in Physics (1979), but was not linked to the nuclear
project.

15. How many nuclear tests did Pakistan conduct in May 1998?
A) One
B) Three
C) Five
D) Ten
✅ Correct Answer: C) Five
Explanation: Pakistan carried out five nuclear tests on 28 May and one more on 30 May.

16. Which treaty has Pakistan not signed regarding nuclear weapons?
A) NPT
B) CTBT
C) Geneva Convention
D) Both A and B
✅ Correct Answer: D) Both A and B
Explanation: Pakistan has not signed the Non-Proliferation Treaty or the CTBT.

17. Which country imposed sanctions on Pakistan after the 1998 nuclear tests?
A) China
B) Saudi Arabia
C) USA
D) Iran
✅ Correct Answer: C) USA
Explanation: The U.S. imposed economic sanctions in response to the tests.
 175

18. What is the main purpose of Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program?

A) Global dominance
B) Power generation
C) Military exports
D) Deterrence
✅ Correct Answer: D) Deterrence
Explanation: Pakistan maintains nuclear weapons for national security and deterrence.

19. What was the international reaction to Pakistan’s nuclear tests?

A) Applause
B) Ignored
C) Sanctions and criticism
D) UN recognition
✅ Correct Answer: C) Sanctions and criticism
Explanation: Most countries criticized the tests and imposed sanctions.

20. Which organization in Pakistan oversees strategic nuclear forces?

A) Army Headquarters
B) Atomic Energy Commission
C) Strategic Plans Division (SPD)
D) Interior Ministry
✅ Correct Answer: C) Strategic Plans Division (SPD)
Explanation: SPD manages the deployment and control of nuclear assets.

Major Political Events

1. Who founded the Pakistan People's Party (PPP)?

A) Benazir Bhutto
B) Zia-ul-Haq
C) Nawaz Sharif
D) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
✅ Correct Answer: D) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Explanation: PPP was founded by Bhutto in 1967.

2. In which year did Zulfikar Ali Bhutto become Prime Minister of Pakistan?
A) 1971
B) 1973
C) 1977
D) 1969
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✅ Correct Answer: B) 1973

Explanation: He became Prime Minister under the new 1973 Constitution.

3. Who imposed the third martial law in Pakistan?

A) Ayub Khan
B) Yahya Khan
C) Zia-ul-Haq
D) Pervez Musharraf
✅ Correct Answer: C) Zia-ul-Haq
Explanation: Zia imposed martial law on 5 July 1977.

4. Which Prime Minister was overthrown by General Zia in 1977?

A) Liaquat Ali Khan
B) Benazir Bhutto
C) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
D) Nawaz Sharif
✅ Correct Answer: C) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Explanation: Bhutto’s government was dismissed by Zia.

5. Who was Pakistan’s first female Prime Minister?

A) Fatima Jinnah
B) Hina Rabbani Khar
C) Benazir Bhutto
D) Maryam Nawaz
✅ Correct Answer: C) Benazir Bhutto
Explanation: She became PM in 1988, making history.

6. Which party won the 1970 general elections in East Pakistan?

A) PPP
B) Muslim League
C) Awami League
D) Jamaat-e-Islami
✅ Correct Answer: C) Awami League
Explanation: Led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, it won majority seats.

7. What was the main cause of Bhutto’s execution in 1979?

A) Corruption
B) Coup attempt
C) Murder case
D) Treason
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Murder case

Explanation: He was convicted in the murder of Nawab Mohammad Ahmad Khan.

8. Zia-ul-Haq died in a plane crash in which year?

A) 1985
B) 1987
C) 1988
D) 1986
✅ Correct Answer: C) 1988
Explanation: Zia died in a mysterious plane crash on 17 August 1988.

9. Which President dismissed Benazir Bhutto’s first government in 1990?

A) Ghulam Ishaq Khan
B) Zia-ul-Haq
C) Rafiq Tarar
D) Pervez Musharraf
✅ Correct Answer: A) Ghulam Ishaq Khan
Explanation: He used Article 58(2)(b) to dismiss her.

10. Who succeeded Zia-ul-Haq as President of Pakistan?

A) Wasim Sajjad
B) Ghulam Ishaq Khan
C) Rafiq Tarar
D) Farooq Leghari
✅ Correct Answer: B) Ghulam Ishaq Khan
Explanation: He was Senate Chairman and became President after Zia's death.

11. Which major law was introduced during Zia’s regime?

A) Blasphemy Laws
B) Banking Reform
C) Labour Laws
D) Tax Reforms
✅ Correct Answer: A) Blasphemy Laws
Explanation: These were part of his Islamization process.

12. Benazir Bhutto was assassinated in which city?

A) Islamabad
B) Rawalpindi
C) Karachi
D) Lahore
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Rawalpindi

Explanation: She was assassinated on 27 December 2007 at Liaquat Bagh.

13. What was the name of Zia-ul-Haq’s Islamic law enforcement program?
A) Nizam-e-Mustafa
B) Sharia Enforcement
C) Islamic Code
D) Deen-e-Pak
✅ Correct Answer: A) Nizam-e-Mustafa
Explanation: It aimed to implement Sharia laws in Pakistan.

14. Who was the Finance Minister in Zulfikar Ali Bhutto’s cabinet?
A) Ghulam Ishaq Khan
B) Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq
C) Mian Tufail
D) Shaukat Aziz
✅ Correct Answer: B) Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq
Explanation: He introduced key economic reforms.

15. What year did Benazir Bhutto return from exile before her death?
A) 2005
B) 2006
C) 2007
D) 2004
✅ Correct Answer: C) 2007
Explanation: She returned in October 2007 and was killed in December.

16. Which President dismissed Benazir Bhutto’s second government in 1996?

A) Rafiq Tarar
B) Ghulam Ishaq Khan
C) Farooq Leghari
D) Pervez Musharraf
✅ Correct Answer: C) Farooq Leghari
Explanation: He dismissed her government over corruption charges.

17. Under which article was Zulfikar Ali Bhutto removed from office?
A) Article 6
B) Article 184
C) Article 58(2)(b)
D) Martial Law Orders
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✅ Correct Answer: D) Martial Law Orders

Explanation: He was removed through martial law imposed by Zia.

18. Which war led to the separation of East Pakistan during Bhutto’s political rise?
A) 1965 War
B) 1948 War
C) 1971 War
D) Kargil Conflict
✅ Correct Answer: C) 1971 War
Explanation: The war resulted in the creation of Bangladesh.

19. Benazir Bhutto studied at which famous university?

A) Cambridge
B) Harvard
C) Oxford
D) Yale
✅ Correct Answer: C) Oxford
Explanation: She studied at Oxford and was the first Asian woman to lead the union.

20. Who introduced the Hudood Ordinances in Pakistan?

A) Zulfikar Bhutto
B) Ayub Khan
C) Zia-ul-Haq
D) Benazir Bhutto
✅ Correct Answer: C) Zia-ul-Haq
Explanation: These laws were part of Zia’s Islamization policy.

21. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto nationalized which sector heavily?

A) Agriculture
B) Private Education
C) Industry and Banks
D) Tourism
✅ Correct Answer: C) Industry and Banks
Explanation: His socialist policies led to large-scale nationalization.

22. In which year did Zulfikar Bhutto sign the Simla Agreement with India?
A) 1970
B) 1972
C) 1974
D) 1976
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✅ Correct Answer: B) 1972

Explanation: The agreement aimed to normalize relations post-1971 war.

23. Which of the following did Benazir Bhutto focus on during her tenure?
A) Privatization
B) Nuclear tests
C) Industrial nationalization
D) Taliban training
✅ Correct Answer: A) Privatization
Explanation: She reversed many of Bhutto's nationalization policies.

24. Who became Caretaker Prime Minister after Zia’s death in 1988?
A) Junejo
B) Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi
C) Wasim Sajjad
D) Benazir Bhutto
✅ Correct Answer: B) Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi
Explanation: He served briefly before the elections.

25. Which Prime Minister signed the Geneva Accord in 1988 on Afghanistan?
A) Benazir Bhutto
B) Zia-ul-Haq
C) Muhammad Khan Junejo
D) Nawaz Sharif
✅ Correct Answer: C) Muhammad Khan Junejo
Explanation: The accord facilitated Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan.

26. What was the main reason for public protest during Zia's regime?
A) Electricity crisis
B) Dictatorship and Islamization
C) Job creation
D) Economic growth
✅ Correct Answer: B) Dictatorship and Islamization
Explanation: Many protested against suppression of political freedoms.

27. Which famous slogan is associated with Bhutto’s PPP?

A) Pakistan First
B) Roti, Kapra aur Makaan
C) Strong Pakistan
D) One Unit
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Roti, Kapra aur Makaan

Explanation: This slogan reflected PPP's focus on basic human needs.

28. Who introduced Article 58(2)(b) in the 8th Amendment?

A) Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
B) Zia-ul-Haq
C) Benazir Bhutto
D) Ayub Khan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Zia-ul-Haq
Explanation: It gave the President power to dissolve the National Assembly.

29. Who was the opposition leader against Benazir Bhutto in the 1990s?
A) Pervez Musharraf
B) Nawaz Sharif
C) Imran Khan
D) Asghar Khan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Nawaz Sharif
Explanation: He led the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI) against her.

30. Which Bhutto-era event is linked with strengthening Pakistan’s nuclear program?
A) Nationalization
B) 1973 Constitution
C) Initiation of nuclear enrichment
D) Banning political parties
✅ Correct Answer: C) Initiation of nuclear enrichment
Explanation: Bhutto launched the nuclear program after India’s 1974 test.

Recent Developments in Pakistan

1. Who was elected President of Pakistan for a second non-consecutive term in 2024?
A) Imran Khan
B) Shehbaz Sharif
C) Asif Ali Zardari
D) Bilawal Bhutto Zardari
✅ Correct Answer: C) Asif Ali Zardari
Explanation: He secured 411 votes and was sworn in in March 2024.
2. What significant act did Zardari implement in July 2024 concerning Christian
marriage?
A) Lowered marriage age
B) Banned church weddings
C) Raised minimum age to 18
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D) Allowed child marriage

✅ Correct Answer: C) Raised minimum age to 18
Explanation: He amended the Christian Marriage Act to raise the marriage age.
3. Which plan was launched in December 2024 to transform Pakistan’s economy?
A) Vision 2025
B) Uraan Pakistan
C) Pakistan 2047
D) Forward Pakistan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Uraan Pakistan
Explanation: It is a five-year economic transformation plan for 2024–29.
4. Which organization took over financing for Pakistan’s railway upgrade when China
delayed funding?
A) World Bank
B) ADB
C) IMF
D) AIIB
✅ Correct Answer: B) ADB
Explanation: The Asian Development Bank is funding a $2 billion rail project.
5. Which international alliance supported Pakistan as part of CPEC’s next phase?
A) ASEAN
B) BRICS
C) BRI via China
D) EU
✅ Correct Answer: C) BRI via China
Explanation: Pakistan and China agreed to launch new CPEC initiatives in 2025.
6. How much did inflation drop in FY2025 due to effective policies?
A) From 23% to 4.5%
B) From 38% to 20%
C) From 10% to 5%
D) No change
✅ Correct Answer: A) From 23% to 4.5%
Explanation: Inflation eased to a nine-year low in FY2025.
7. What share of PSDP was utilized in FY2024–25?
A) 50%
B) 65%
C) 96%
D) 100%
✅ Correct Answer: C) 96%
Explanation: Rs. 1,046 billion was spent on development projects.
8. Which sector saw a solar energy boom that deepened inequality?
A) Transmission
B) Solar energy
C) Hydel power
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D) Coal power
✅ Correct Answer: B) Solar energy
Explanation: Solar power usage surged but increased energy cost burden on the poor.
9. Which foreign company acquired Coca-Cola Pakistan?
A) PepsiCo USA
B) Coca-Cola India
C) Coca-Cola Turkey
D) Coca-Cola UAE
✅ Correct Answer: C) Coca-Cola Turkey
Explanation: Coca-Cola İçecek acquired a 49.67% stake in 2023.
10. What was Pakistan’s approximate inflation rate in May 2024?
A) 10%
B) 12%
C) 11.8%
D) 15%
✅ Correct Answer: C) 11.8%
Explanation: It declined from 38% to 11.8% by May 2024.
11. What name describes the economic revival plan for 2024–2029?
A) Uraan Pakistan
B) Pakistan 2047
C) Vision 2029
D) Revival Plan
✅ Correct Answer: A) Uraan Pakistan
Explanation: The plan targets stability, exports, and climate-resilient growth.
12. Which natural calamity caused over 40 deaths in early 2024?
A) Earthquake
B) Floods
C) Cyclone
D) Drought
✅ Correct Answer: B) Floods
Explanation: Heavy rains caused flooding and prompted national emergencies.
13. In 2024, security force casualties hit a ten-year high. The rise was mainly due to:
A) Border conflicts
B) Terrorist attacks
C) Natural disasters
D) Civil protests
✅ Correct Answer: B) Terrorist attacks
Explanation: The deadliest year since a decade with increased attacks by TTP and others.
14. How many people were arrested over honor killing in Rawalpindi in 2025?
A) 5
B) 9
C) 15
D) 20
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✅ Correct Answer: B) 9
Explanation: Nine suspects arrested; number of honor killings increased in 2024.
15. Pakistan’s democracy has been described in 2024 as:
A) Flourishing
B) Hybrid leaning authoritarian
C) Fully authoritarian
D) Stable and transparent
✅ Correct Answer: B) Hybrid leaning authoritarian
Explanation: Growing executive control and weakened democratic norms noted.
16. Which year did political sit-in by PDM begin in Islamabad?
A) 2022
B) 2023
C) 2024
D) 2025
✅ Correct Answer: B) 2023
Explanation: PDM initiated a sit-in outside Supreme Court in May 2023.
17. Which constitutional power was expanded via the 26th amendment in 2024?
A) President’s
B) PM’s
C) Judiciary selection
D) Military oversight
✅ Correct Answer: C) Judiciary selection
Explanation: Law allowed government influence in appointing the Chief Justice.
18. What major economic milestone did Pakistan’s agriculture achieve in FY2024?
A) Stagnation
B) 6.3% growth
C) Decline by 3%
D) Controlled inflation
✅ Correct Answer: B) 6.3% growth
Explanation: Highest growth in 19 years, boosting overall economy.
19. Which stock market index more than doubled by late 2024?
A) KSE-50
B) KSE-100
C) NSE-100
D) PSX-30
✅ Correct Answer: B) KSE-100
Explanation: It rose from about 58K to 110K in 2024.
20. What was the trend in Pakistan’s current account deficit in 2023?
A) Grew by 50%
B) Shrunk by 91%
C) No change
D) Turned surplus
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Shrunk by 91%

Explanation: A sharp decline stabilizing external finances.
21. What role has Pakistan’s military increasingly played in recent years?
A) Judiciary reform
B) Economic control
C) Education reform
D) Telecom sector
✅ Correct Answer: B) Economic control
Explanation: Military-led projects and investments increased significantly.
22. How did Pakistan’s reserve cover change from 2023 to 2024?
A) 1 month to 2.5 months
B) No change
C) Decline to 1 week
D) Increase to 5 months
✅ Correct Answer: A) 1 month to 2.5 months
Explanation: Forex reserves improved, enhancing import buffer.
23. What development did Gwadar port contribute to in 2024?
A) Tourism only
B) $2.5 billion economy boost
C) Military base
D) Negligible impact
✅ Correct Answer: B) $2.5 billion economy boost
Explanation: Gwadar operations significantly aided national economy.
24. Which top credit agencies upgraded Pakistan’s ratings in 2024?
A) Fitch and Moody’s
B) S&P only
C) None
D) Fitch only
✅ Correct Answer: A) Fitch and Moody’s
Explanation: Fitch to ‘CCC+’ and Moody’s to ‘Caa2’ in mid-2024.
25. Which crisis did Pakistan avoid in 2024 through economic stability?
A) Food crisis
B) Economic default
C) Energy collapse
D) Financial meltdown
✅ Correct Answer: B) Economic default
Explanation: Stabilization efforts helped Pakistan steer clear of default.
26. Which sector contributed to the highest spike in remittances by 2025?
A) Europe
B) USA and Gulf
C) Africa
D) ASEAN
 186

✅ Correct Answer: B) USA and Gulf

Explanation: A major driver of improved external balance.
27. Which year saw increased terrorist attacks killing both forces and civilians?
A) 2022
B) 2023
C) 2024
D) 2025
✅ Correct Answer: C) 2024
Explanation: Highest fatalities in a decade due to TTP and others.
28. Who cut his presidential salary amid economic crisis in 2024?
A) PM Sharif
B) President Zardari
C) CJ Pakistan
D) Foreign Minister
✅ Correct Answer: B) President Zardari
Explanation: He waived salary to encourage financial prudence.
29. What environmental concern has worsened due to heavy monsoons?
A) Droughts
B) Floods
C) Earthquakes
D) Cyclones
✅ Correct Answer: B) Floods
Explanation: Widespread flooding impacted population and infrastructure.
30. Which infrastructure saw heavy damage due to Himalayan rains in Pakistan?
A) Railways
B) Barrage and highways
C) Airports
D) Telecom only
✅ Correct Answer: B) Barrage and highways
Explanation: Floods disrupted Barton barrage and highways in Punjab.
31. Which organization affirmed support for Pakistan’s renewable energy shift but
warned of inequality?
A) World Bank
B) Washington Post
C) IMF
D) UNDP
✅ Correct Answer: B) Washington Post
Explanation: Reported solar boom deepened inequality among households.
32. Which milestone was reached by remittances in FY2024?
A) $10 billion
B) $30.2 billion
C) $50 billion
D) $25 billion
 187

✅ Correct Answer: B) $30.2 billion

Explanation: Remittances surged significantly aiding reserves.
33. Which economic activity was majorly reformed under Uraan?
A) Tourism
B) ICT exports and freelancing
C) Textile only
D) Defense sector
✅ Correct Answer: B) ICT exports and freelancing
Explanation: Uraan aims to expand tech exports and digital economy.
34. How did Pakistan address judicial appointment reform in 2024?
A) Removed govt role
B) Introduced Special Committee
C) Allowed President only
D) No change
✅ Correct Answer: B) Introduced Special Committee
Explanation: Govt can recommend CJ via parliamentary committee.
35. What was the focus of Pakistan’s 2024 economic “Charter of Economy”?
A) Military spending
B) Tax reform and energy
C) Sports infrastructure
D) Foreign aid
✅ Correct Answer: B) Tax reform and energy
Explanation: Aimed at fiscal consolidation under the charter concept.
36. Which city’s synagogue site was affected by floods in 2025?
A) Karachi
B) Peshawar
C) Lahore outskirts
D) Islamabad
✅ Correct Answer: C) Lahore outskirts
Explanation: Floods submerged Guru Nanak Sakhsh dedicated Sikh site.
37. Which dam release action intensified flood risk in 2025?
A) Pakistan released
B) India released
C) Nepal released
D) China released
✅ Correct Answer: B) India released
Explanation: India opened dam gates, prompting high flood alerts downstream.
38. What tool did India use to warn Pakistan during floods?
A) UN channels
B) Diplomatic alert
C) Social media
D) TV broadcast
 188

✅ Correct Answer: B) Diplomatic alert

Explanation: India issued flood alerts via diplomatic communication.
39. Which economic zone signed deals boosting jobs under CPEC?
A) Gwadar SEZ
B) Rashakai SEZ
C) Karachi SEZ
D) Lahore SEZ
✅ Correct Answer: B) Rashakai SEZ
Explanation: Rashakai deals expected to add 40,000 jobs.
40. Pakistan’s IMF Extended Fund Facility worth $7 billion was approved in:
A) 2023
B) 2024
C) 2025
D) 2022
✅ Correct Answer: B) 2024
Explanation: IMF approved EFF in September 2024 to support reforms.

Pakistan Economy: CPEC, IMF, Industrie

1. Approximately how much foreign investment did CPEC mobilize by 2024?
A) $10 billion
B) $30 billion
C) $62 billion
D) $75 billion
✅ Correct Answer: C) $62 billion
Explanation: Total CPEC investment had reached about $62 billion by late 2024.
2. Which infrastructure benefit is NOT attributed to CPEC?
A) Improved roads and highways
B) Enhanced rail connectivity
C) Increased air traffic congestion
D) Gwadar Port development
✅ Correct Answer: C) Increased air traffic congestion
Explanation: CPEC led to improved travel efficiency, not congestion.
3. CPEC energy projects added how much generation capacity by 2024?
A) 5,000 MW
B) 8,000 MW
C) 10,000 MW
D) 13,000 MW
✅ Correct Answer: C) 10,000 MW
Explanation: Energy projects under CPEC added approximately 10,000 MW.
4. What is the name of the strategic economic zone under CPEC in KP?
A) Gwadar Free Zone
B) Bannu Economic Zone
C) Karachi SEZ
D) Rashakai Industrial Park
 189

✅ Correct Answer: B) Bannu Economic Zone

Explanation: BEZ in Bannu, KP, is one of CPEC’s designated economic zones.
5. Which dam project in energy cooperation is part of CPEC?
A) Diamer-Bhasha
B) Karot Hydropower
C) Tarbela Extension
D) Mangla Dam
✅ Correct Answer: B) Karot Hydropower
Explanation: The Karot Hydropower Project (720 MW) is CPEC’s first Silk Road Fund
investment.
6. What annual GDP growth boost is attributed to CPEC?
A) 0.5%
B) 1.5%
C) 2–2.5%
D) 5%
✅ Correct Answer: C) 2–2.5%
Explanation: CPEC is estimated to boost annual GDP growth by roughly 2–2.5 %.
7. Key agricultural benefit of CPEC is:
A) Grain subsidies
B) Faster mango transport from Multan to Sukkur
C) New irrigation laws
D) GMO seed introduction
✅ Correct Answer: B) Faster mango transport from Multan to Sukkur
Explanation: CPEC infrastructure improved perishable crop logistics.
8. Which international financier is supporting Pakistan’s railway upgrade?
A) IMF
B) World Bank
C) ADB
D) AIIB
✅ Correct Answer: C) ADB
Explanation: ADB is financing a $2 billion railway upgrade after delays in Chinese
funding.
9. ADB approved how much for the Reko Diq mining project?
A) $100 million
B) $300 million
C) $410 million
D) $1 billion
✅ Correct Answer: C) $410 million
Explanation: ADB approved a $410 million package for the Reko Diq project.
10. Which country discussed expanding industrial cooperation with Pakistan under
CPEC?
A) USA
B) EU
C) China
D) Saudi Arabia
✅ Correct Answer: C) China
 190

Explanation: China expressed intent to strengthen cooperation in industry, agriculture,

and mining under CPEC.
11. What economic issue arose from reliance on Chinese-built power plants?
A) Renewable energy boom
B) Excessive power subsidies
C) Debts and unaffordable tariffs
D) Surplus electricity
✅ Correct Answer: C) Debts and unaffordable tariffs
Explanation: Heavy debt and overpriced power burdens affected Pakistan's economy.
12. When did IMF approve a new $7 billion EFF for Pakistan?
A) 2023
B) September 2024
C) 2025
D) 2026
✅ Correct Answer: B) September 2024
Explanation: IMF approved a $7 billion Extended Fund Facility in 2024.
13. How much was immediately disbursed from the IMF’s EFF?
A) $100 million
B) $500 million
C) $1 billion
D) $2 billion
✅ Correct Answer: C) $1 billion
Explanation: IMF’s first tranche of about $1 billion was released immediately.
14. What new facility did IMF approve to support climate resilience for Pakistan?
A) Development Fund
B) Climate Stability Fund
C) Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF)
D) Green Growth Fund
✅ Correct Answer: C) Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF)
Explanation: IMF approved RSF with roughly $1.4 billion access.
15. What is the aim of "Uraan Pakistan" launched in 2024?
A) Military upgrade
B) Economic transformation 2024–29
C) Health reforms
D) Education upgrades
✅ Correct Answer: B) Economic transformation 2024–29
Explanation: A five-year plan focusing on growth, exports, climate resilience, and tech.
16. What is the "5Es framework" associated with Uraan Pakistan?
A) Export, Energy, Education, Equity, Economy
B) Economy, Efficiency, Education, Energy, Equity
C) Emergency, Electricity, Exports, Education, Environment
D) Economy, Energy, Equity, Education, Environment
✅ Correct Answer: D) Economy, Energy, Equity, Education, Environment
Explanation: Uraan plan is structured around these five pillars.
17. By mid-2025, Pakistan’s inflation under Uraan dropped to approximately:
A) 15%
 191

B) 7%
C) 3.5%
D) 1%
✅ Correct Answer: C) 3.5%
Explanation: Inflation dropped significantly to about 3.5% by mid-2025.
18. Which sectors did early Uraan improvements include?
A) Military and defense
B) Remittances and PSDP reallocation
C) Sports and culture
D) Agriculture only
✅ Correct Answer: B) Remittances and PSDP reallocation
Explanation: Remittances rose 31% to ~$31 billion and PSDP streamlined.
19. Pakistan’s GDP growth in FY24 was approximately:
A) 1%
B) 2.4%
C) 4%
D) 5%
✅ Correct Answer: B) 2.4%
Explanation: GDP grew by around 2.4% supported by agricultural rebound.
20. Recent progress allowed SBP to cut the policy rate by:
A) 100 bps
B) 250 bps
C) 450 bps
D) No change
✅ Correct Answer: C) 450 bps
Explanation: The SBP reduced policy rate by 450 basis points since June.
21. Pakistan's membership in IMF began in:
A) 1947
B) 1950
C) 1965
D) 1971
✅ Correct Answer: B) 1950
Explanation: Pakistan joined the IMF in 1950 and has taken multiple loans since.
22. CPEC is part of China’s larger strategic framework, known as:
A) Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
B) Maritime Silk Road
C) Trans-Asia Highway
D) Asian Development Network
✅ Correct Answer: A) Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
Explanation: CPEC is a flagship project under China's BRI.
23. Which SEZ is part of Port Qasim under CPEC?
A) Bannu SEZ
B) Chagai SEZ
C) Port Qasim SEZ
D) Multan SEZ
 192

✅ Correct Answer: C) Port Qasim SEZ

Explanation: Port Qasim hosts a CPEC-integrated industrial SEZ.
24. Projected job creation under CPEC by 2030 is up to:
A) 400,000 jobs
B) 700,000 jobs
C) 1.2 million jobs
D) 3 million jobs
✅ Correct Answer: C) 1.2 million jobs
Explanation: SEZs under CPEC could create up to 1.2 million jobs.
25. ADB’s rail upgrade is linked to which mining project?
A) Thar Coal
B) Reko Diq
C) Gypsum mine
D) Salt Mines
✅ Correct Answer: B) Reko Diq
Explanation: The rail upgrade supports copper ore transport from Reko Diq.
26. Included in Reko Diq's ADB financing is a credit guarantee for:
A) Federal government
B) Balochistan province
C) China
D) IMF
✅ Correct Answer: B) Balochistan province
Explanation: ADB provided a $110 million credit guarantee to Balochistan.
27. Activists’ main concern about Reko Diq funding was:
A) Labor cost
B) Environmental and human rights impacts
C) Currency risk
D) Low profit margins
✅ Correct Answer: B) Environmental and human rights impacts
Explanation: Concerns were raised over displacement and ecological harm.
28. What challenge has affected CPEC projects in Gwadar?
A) Lack of funding
B) Local security and insurgency threats
C) Geographic isolation
D) Air pollution
✅ Correct Answer: B) Security and insurgency threats
Explanation: Attacks on Chinese workers and local dissent have disrupted projects.
29. IMF’s RSF facility focuses on:
A) Military spending
B) Climate and disaster resilience
C) Tourism
D) Education
✅ Correct Answer: B) Climate and disaster resilience
Explanation: RSF supports climate and disaster resilience in Pakistan.
30. IMF conditions typically include reforms in:
A) Entertainment sector
 193

B) SOEs, energy viability, tax base

C) Sports and culture
D) Housing only
✅ Correct Answer: B) SOEs, energy viability, tax base
Explanation: IMF conditions include reforms to SOEs, energy, tax, and productivity.

Pakistan’s Provincial and Local Government System

1. How many tiers of government exist in Pakistan?
A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five
✅ Correct Answer: B) Three
Explanation: Pakistan has three tiers: national, provincial, and local.
2. Which constitutional article mandates provincial establishment of local
government?
A) Article 140-A
B) Article 32
C) Article 17
D) Both A and B
✅ Correct Answer: D) Both A and B
Explanation: Article 140-A requires such systems; Article 32 ensures support for
marginalized groups.
3. Which amendment reinforced local government devolution?
A) 17th Amendment
B) 18th Amendment
C) 19th Amendment
D) 20th Amendment
✅ Correct Answer: B) 18th Amendment
Explanation: Enacted in 2010, it devolved significant powers to provinces and affirmed
Article 140-A.
4. Which ordinance introduced a three-tier local government structure in 2001?
A) Local Govt Act 1979
B) Devolution Plan 2001
C) Local Govt Act 2013
D) Sindh Act 2011
✅ Correct Answer: B) Devolution Plan 2001
Explanation: Devised by the NRB, it created district, tehsil, and union councils.
5. What is the basic tier of local government in Pakistan?
A) Union Council
B) Tehsil Council
C) District Council
D) Metropolitan Corporation
✅ Correct Answer: A) Union Council
Explanation: It is the lowest tier, responsible for local governance.
 194

6. Who heads a Union Council?

A) Mayor
B) Chairman (Nazim)
C) Commissioner
D) District Governor
✅ Correct Answer: B) Chairman (Nazim)
Explanation: The Union Nazim chairs council meetings.
7. Which local body is responsible in urban centers with huge populations?
A) Union Council
B) District Council
C) Tehsil Council
D) Metropolitan Corporation
✅ Correct Answer: D) Metropolitan Corporation
Explanation: Metropolitan Corporations manage major metropolitan areas.
8. How many district councils exist across the four provinces?
A) 120
B) 129
C) 140
D) 160
✅ Correct Answer: B) 129
Explanation: There are 129 district councils governing rural areas.
9. Which province's local government reforms have been most substantial?
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Explanation: KP has implemented more ground-level autonomy under its LG Act.
10. What has weakened local governments despite constitutional mandates?
A) Lack of elections
B) Centralized control by provinces
C) No financial autonomy
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Provinces delay elections, retain funds, and override local authority.
11. Local governments typically lack which critical power?
A) Policy-making
B) Tax-raising authority
C) Administrative control
D) Judicial functions
✅ Correct Answer: B) Tax-raising authority
Explanation: Revenue is often retained by provinces, leaving LGs dependent.
12. What is a major obstacle to consistent local governance in Pakistan?
A) Oversupply of funds
B) Absence of policy continuity
C) Too many elected officials
 195

D) Excessive autonomy
✅ Correct Answer: B) Absence of policy continuity
Explanation: Frequent reforms and dissolutions disrupt LG systems.
13. Which province revived a 1979 system for local governance in 2011?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) KP
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh
Explanation: Sindh repealed its 2001 ordinance in 2011 and reinstated the 1979 model.
14. Which entity outlines local government responsibilities like zoning and transit?
A) Union Council
B) District Council
C) Metropolitan Corporation
D) Provincial Assembly
✅ Correct Answer: C) Metropolitan Corporation
Explanation: MCs enact zoning, transit, and infrastructure bylaws.
15. Who appoints the secretary of a Union Council?
A) Union Nazim
B) Elected council
C) Provincial government
D) Federal government
✅ Correct Answer: C) Provincial government
Explanation: The secretary is a civil servant appointed by the province.
16. Which structure was abolished in the 2000 devolution reforms?
A) Union Councils
B) Tehsils
C) Divisional and commissionerate systems
D) Provincial Assemblies
✅ Correct Answer: C) Divisional and commissionerate systems
Explanation: The 2001 devolution removed these layers to empower local councils.
17. What additional ceiling for representation was established under Musharraf’s
Devolution?
A) Reserved seats for youth
B) 33% women representation
C) Religious leaders’ seats
D) Diaspora seats
✅ Correct Answer: B) 33% women representation
Explanation: Reserved seats were added for women, raising female local representation.
18. What are Citizen Community Boards (CCBs)?
A) Provincial authorities
B) Community participation bodies under LG system
C) Federal watchdogs
D) Police oversight groups
✅ Correct Answer: B) Community participation bodies under LG system
Explanation: CCBs were a participatory mechanism under the 2001 LG reforms.
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19. What key function did District Nazims perform after devolution?
A) Judicial rulings
B) Coordinating development planning locally
C) Controlling national budget
D) Foreign policy
✅ Correct Answer: B) Coordinating development planning locally
Explanation: Devolution empowered them to lead local development and planning.
20. How often are local government terms intended to last?
A) 3 years
B) 4 years
C) 5 years
D) 6 years
✅ Correct Answer: B) 4 years
Explanation: Standard tenure for LG councils is four years.
21. Local governments gained power to resolve disputes via:
A) Provincial courts
B) Musalihat Anjumans
C) District Senate
D) Heritage Commission
✅ Correct Answer: B) Musalihat Anjumans
Explanation: These bodies were introduced to mediate local disputes.
22. Which province denied effective resources to LG despite reforms?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) KP
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh
Explanation: Sindh’s LG bodies are often underfunded and controlled by provincial
departments.
23. Fiscal decentralisation depends on functional:
A) Divisional government
B) Provincial Finance Commissions (PFCs)
C) National Assembly
D) District Courts
✅ Correct Answer: B) Provincial Finance Commissions (PFCs)
Explanation: PFCs allocate provincial resources to local levels. Most provinces haven't
updated them.
24. Which province had its last PFC award in 2007?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) KP
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh
Explanation: Sindh's last PFC update was in 2007 and remains unchanged.
25. Which province partially implemented the PFC award in 2020?
A) Punjab
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B) Sindh
C) KP
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: C) KP (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
Explanation: KP issued a PFC award in 2020 and implemented it to some extent.

Social Issues in Pakistan

1. What is the literacy rate in Pakistan as of 2024 (approx.)?

A) 40%
B) 58%
C) 62%
D) 70%
✅ Correct Answer: C) 62%
Explanation: Pakistan’s literacy rate has improved slowly over the years, reaching
around 62% by 2024.

2. Which province has the highest literacy rate in Pakistan?

A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: A) Punjab
Explanation: Punjab leads in education with better infrastructure and schooling rates.

3. What is a major reason for low literacy in Pakistan?

A) Overpopulation
B) Lack of schools
C) Poverty and child labor
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Multiple factors affect literacy including poverty, limited access, and high
dropout rates.

4. Which program aims to increase school enrollment in Pakistan?

A) Ehsaas Nashonuma
B) BISP
C) Waseela-e-Taleem
D) Kamyab Jawan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Waseela-e-Taleem
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Explanation: This program provides financial aid to encourage poor families to send
children to school.

5. Which disease is a major threat to child health in Pakistan?

A) Malaria
B) Typhoid
C) Polio
D) Tuberculosis
✅ Correct Answer: C) Polio
Explanation: Pakistan remains one of the few countries where polio is still present.

6. What is Pakistan’s population in 2024 (estimated)?

A) 220 million
B) 235 million
C) 250 million
D) 275 million
✅ Correct Answer: C) 250 million
Explanation: Pakistan is the 5th most populous country, with a population around 250
million.

7. High population growth leads to which major issue?

A) More resources
B) Job creation
C) Overcrowding and unemployment
D) Increased exports
✅ Correct Answer: C) Overcrowding and unemployment
Explanation: Rapid population growth strains education, jobs, and health systems.

8. What is the maternal mortality rate (MMR) challenge linked to?

A) Poor diet
B) Late marriages
C) Poor health facilities for women
D) Overuse of medicines
✅ Correct Answer: C) Poor health facilities for women
Explanation: Inadequate maternity care causes many maternal deaths in rural areas.

9. Which article of the Constitution of Pakistan provides free education to children

aged 5–16?
A) Article 25
B) Article 25-A
C) Article 37
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D) Article 18
✅ Correct Answer: B) Article 25-A
Explanation: This article guarantees free and compulsory education.

10. What is a key health challenge in rural Pakistan?

A) Traffic issues
B) Power supply
C) Lack of doctors and hospitals
D) Overcrowded cities
✅ Correct Answer: C) Lack of doctors and hospitals
Explanation: Rural health units are often non-functional or understaffed.

11. Which program provides monthly stipends to women in poverty?

A) Naya Pakistan Housing
B) Benazir Income Support Program
C) Pakistan Banao Program
D) Insaf Card
✅ Correct Answer: B) Benazir Income Support Program
Explanation: BISP targets poor women with direct cash transfers.

12. What is Pakistan’s rank in gender equality (Global Gender Gap Report 2024)?
A) 100
B) 135
C) 145
D) 154
✅ Correct Answer: D) 154
Explanation: Pakistan ranks among the lowest in gender equality indicators.

13. Which sector receives the least public spending in Pakistan?

A) Health
B) Education
C) Military
D) Infrastructure
✅ Correct Answer: A) Health
Explanation: Health sector spending is below global recommendations.

14. What is the main reason for high dropout rates in girls' education?
A) Long distances
B) Early marriages
C) Cultural restrictions
D) All of the above
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✅ Correct Answer: D) All of the above

Explanation: Social norms and poor access to schools affect girls’ education.

15. Which constitutional article ensures protection of women rights?

A) Article 8
B) Article 25
C) Article 19
D) Article 34
✅ Correct Answer: D) Article 34
Explanation: It states that women shall be fully represented in all spheres of life.

16. Which common social evil affects women in rural areas?

A) Honor killing
B) Drug abuse
C) Industrial strikes
D) Tax evasion
✅ Correct Answer: A) Honor killing
Explanation: Cultural practices and weak law enforcement allow such crimes.

17. What is the average number of children per woman in Pakistan (2024)?
A) 2.1
B) 3.0
C) 3.6
D) 4.5
✅ Correct Answer: C) 3.6
Explanation: Pakistan has a high fertility rate compared to other countries.

18. Which institution primarily manages public health in Pakistan?

A) NADRA
B) Ministry of Health
C) PMDC
D) National Assembly
✅ Correct Answer: B) Ministry of Health
Explanation: It oversees hospitals, policies, and healthcare delivery.

19. Which city has the highest number of street children in Pakistan?
A) Karachi
B) Lahore
C) Islamabad
D) Peshawar
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Karachi

Explanation: Karachi’s population and poverty contribute to child homelessness.

20. Child labor in Pakistan is most common in:

A) Offices
B) Construction
C) Brick kilns and carpet weaving
D) Banks
✅ Correct Answer: C) Brick kilns and carpet weaving
Explanation: Many poor families send children to work in informal sectors.

21. The main cause of malnutrition in children is:

A) Low birth rate
B) Fast food
C) Poor access to healthy food
D) High income
✅ Correct Answer: C) Poor access to healthy food
Explanation: Poverty and lack of awareness lead to malnourishment.

22. Which international day raises awareness about women’s rights?

A) March 8
B) May 1
C) October 11
D) April 7
✅ Correct Answer: A) March 8
Explanation: It is celebrated as International Women’s Day.

23. Which program gives health insurance to poor families in Pakistan?

A) PM Youth Loan
B) Sehat Card
C) BISP
D) Ehsaas Ration
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sehat Card
Explanation: It provides free hospital treatment for low-income citizens.

24. Who ensures laws are followed for child rights in Pakistan?
A) Pakistan Army
B) UNICEF
C) Police only
D) Child Protection Bureaus
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✅ Correct Answer: D) Child Protection Bureaus

Explanation: These bureaus protect children from abuse and neglect.

25. Which segment of population is most affected by poverty?

A) Women and children
B) Business owners
C) Politicians
D) Civil servants
✅ Correct Answer: A) Women and children
Explanation: Women-headed households and children face more hardship.

26. What is a major barrier to women’s employment in Pakistan?

A) Education
B) Security issues and mobility
C) High salaries
D) Overqualification
✅ Correct Answer: B) Security issues and mobility
Explanation: Cultural restrictions limit women’s participation in the workforce.

27. The total number of public hospitals in Pakistan is around:

A) 300
B) 800
C) 1,200
D) 1,500+
✅ Correct Answer: D) 1,500+
Explanation: Despite the number, many lack quality care and equipment.

28. Population control policies in Pakistan face failure due to:

A) Cultural resistance
B) Lack of awareness
C) Religious misconceptions
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Social and religious factors affect family planning success.

29. Which campaign is commonly used to promote girl’s education?

A) Educate All
B) Let Girls Learn
C) Girls First
D) Learn for Life
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Let Girls Learn

Explanation: It encourages education access for girls, especially in rural areas.

30. Which area lacks enough female healthcare professionals in Pakistan?

A) Cities
B) Urban slums
C) Rural areas
D) Private hospitals
✅ Correct Answer: C) Rural areas
Explanation: Most female doctors prefer city postings, leaving rural women
underserved.
……………………………………………….

Geography of Pakistan

Physical Features of Pakistan

1. Which is the highest mountain peak in Pakistan?
A) Nanga Parbat
B) K2
C) Rakaposhi
D) Tirich Mir
✅ Correct Answer: B) K2
Explanation: K2 is the second highest mountain in the world and the highest in Pakistan.
2. Which mountain range is K2 located in?
A) Himalayas
B) Karakoram
C) Hindu Kush
D) Sulaiman
✅ Correct Answer: B) Karakoram
Explanation: K2 lies in the Karakoram mountain range.
3. Nanga Parbat is part of which mountain range?
A) Himalayas
B) Karakoram
C) Hindu Kush
D) Salt Range
✅ Correct Answer: A) Himalayas
Explanation: Nanga Parbat is the westernmost peak of the Himalayas.
4. Which is the longest river flowing through the Indus Plain?
A) Jhelum
B) Chenab
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C) Indus
D) Ravi
✅ Correct Answer: C) Indus
Explanation: The Indus River is the longest and main river of Pakistan.
5. The Potohar Plateau is located in which province?
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Punjab
Explanation: Potohar Plateau lies in northern Punjab.
6. The Thar Desert is mainly located in which province?
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: A) Sindh
Explanation: The Thar Desert is mostly in southeastern Sindh and eastern Rajasthan
(India).
7. Which plateau is found in western Pakistan?
A) Potohar Plateau
B) Balochistan Plateau
C) Deccan Plateau
D) Punjab Plateau
✅ Correct Answer: B) Balochistan Plateau
Explanation: Balochistan Plateau is the largest plateau in Pakistan, located in the west.
8. Cholistan Desert is primarily found in which province?
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: B) Punjab
Explanation: Cholistan Desert is located in southern Punjab near Bahawalpur.
9. Which mountain range separates Pakistan from Afghanistan?
A) Karakoram
B) Himalayas
C) Hindu Kush
D) Salt Range
✅ Correct Answer: C) Hindu Kush
Explanation: Hindu Kush runs along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border.
10. Rakaposhi is part of which mountain range?
A) Hindu Kush
B) Karakoram
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C) Himalayas
D) Suleiman
✅ Correct Answer: B) Karakoram
Explanation: Rakaposhi is a famous peak in the Karakoram range.
11. Which river forms the eastern boundary of Pakistan’s Indus Plain?
A) Jhelum
B) Sutlej
C) Chenab
D) Ravi
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sutlej
Explanation: Sutlej flows near the eastern edge of the Indus Plain.
12. The Salt Range is located in which province?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: A) Punjab
Explanation: Salt Range is a hill system in northern Punjab.
13. Which desert in Pakistan is known for its rich biodiversity?
A) Thar Desert
B) Cholistan Desert
C) Kharan Desert
D) Thal Desert
✅ Correct Answer: A) Thar Desert
Explanation: Thar Desert has diverse flora and fauna adapted to arid conditions.
14. The Karakoram Highway connects Pakistan to which country?
A) India
B) Afghanistan
C) China
D) Iran
✅ Correct Answer: C) China
Explanation: The Karakoram Highway links Pakistan with China through the
Karakoram range.
15. Which mountain peak is also known as the "Killer Mountain"?
A) K2
B) Nanga Parbat
C) Gasherbrum
D) Tirich Mir
✅ Correct Answer: B) Nanga Parbat
Explanation: Nanga Parbat has a deadly reputation due to many climbing accidents.
16. The Indus Plain is formed mainly by deposits of:
A) Volcanic ash
B) River sediments
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C) Sand dunes
D) Limestone
✅ Correct Answer: B) River sediments
Explanation: The Indus Plain is formed by alluvial deposits from the Indus River and its
tributaries.
17. Which of the following is NOT a mountain range in Pakistan?
A) Karakoram
B) Himalayas
C) Andes
D) Hindu Kush
✅ Correct Answer: C) Andes
Explanation: Andes is a mountain range in South America.
18. Thal Desert is located in which province?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: A) Punjab
Explanation: Thal Desert lies in Punjab between the Indus and Jhelum rivers.
19. Which mountain range is famous for its rich mineral deposits?
A) Salt Range
B) Karakoram
C) Hindu Kush
D) Himalayas
✅ Correct Answer: A) Salt Range
Explanation: Salt Range is known for extensive salt and mineral resources.
20. The Indus River originates from:
A) Tibet
B) Afghanistan
C) Kashmir
D) Ladakh
✅ Correct Answer: A) Tibet
Explanation: The Indus River originates in Tibet and flows through Pakistan.
21. Which plateau lies to the east of the Balochistan Plateau?
A) Potohar Plateau
B) Thar Plateau
C) Punjab Plain
D) Sindh Plain
✅ Correct Answer: A) Potohar Plateau
Explanation: Potohar Plateau lies northeast of Balochistan Plateau.
22. Which river flows through the city of Multan?
A) Ravi
B) Chenab
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C) Sutlej
D) Jhelum
✅ Correct Answer: C) Sutlej
Explanation: Sutlej flows near Multan in southern Punjab.
23. Which mountain range is the westernmost extension of the Himalayas?
A) Karakoram
B) Hindu Kush
C) Salt Range
D) Pir Panjal
✅ Correct Answer: D) Pir Panjal
Explanation: Pir Panjal range is a western extension of the Himalayas.
24. Which desert in Pakistan borders India’s Rajasthan desert?
A) Thar Desert
B) Cholistan Desert
C) Kharan Desert
D) Thal Desert
✅ Correct Answer: A) Thar Desert
Explanation: Thar Desert spans southeastern Sindh and Rajasthan (India).
25. Balochistan Plateau mainly consists of:
A) Fertile soil
B) Rocky and barren land
C) Dense forests
D) Wetlands
✅ Correct Answer: B) Rocky and barren land
Explanation: Balochistan Plateau is mostly dry and rocky with sparse vegetation.

26. Which river is known as the lifeline of Pakistan?

A) Chenab
B) Ravi
C) Indus
D) Jhelum
✅ Correct Answer: C) Indus
Explanation: The Indus River is crucial for agriculture and water supply.
27. Karakoram range is located mainly in which region?
A) Sindh
B) Gilgit-Baltistan
C) Punjab
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: B) Gilgit-Baltistan
Explanation: Karakoram lies mostly in Gilgit-Baltistan.
28. Which of these mountains is part of the Hindu Kush range?
A) Tirich Mir
 208

B) K2
C) Nanga Parbat
D) Rakaposhi
✅ Correct Answer: A) Tirich Mir
Explanation: Tirich Mir is the highest peak of the Hindu Kush.
29. The Indus Plain is located between which two mountain ranges?
A) Himalayas and Karakoram
B) Karakoram and Hindu Kush
C) Himalayas and Sulaiman
D) Sulaiman and Kirthar
✅ Correct Answer: D) Sulaiman and Kirthar
Explanation: The Indus Plain lies between the Sulaiman and Kirthar ranges.
30. The largest desert in Pakistan is:
A) Cholistan Desert
B) Thar Desert
C) Kharan Desert
D) Thal Desert
✅ Correct Answer: B) Thar Desert
Explanation: Thar Desert is the largest desert in Pakistan.
31. Which mountain range has the world’s second highest peak?
A) Hindu Kush
B) Himalayas
C) Karakoram
D) Sulaiman
✅ Correct Answer: C) Karakoram
Explanation: Karakoram contains K2, the world’s second highest peak.
32. Potohar Plateau is known for:
A) Heavy rainfall
B) Rich mineral resources
C) Flat fertile lands
D) Tropical forests
✅ Correct Answer: B) Rich mineral resources
Explanation: Potohar has salt, coal, and other minerals.
33. Which of the following is NOT part of the Indus river system?
A) Jhelum
B) Chenab
C) Kabul
D) Ganges
✅ Correct Answer: D) Ganges
Explanation: Ganges is in India and Bangladesh, not part of Indus system.
34. The area between the Indus River and the Arabian Sea is called:
A) Indus Delta
B) Thar Desert
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C) Khyber Pass
D) Cholistan
✅ Correct Answer: A) Indus Delta
Explanation: Indus Delta is formed at the river’s mouth near the sea.
35. The main agricultural region of Pakistan is:
A) Potohar Plateau
B) Indus Plain
C) Balochistan Plateau
D) Hindu Kush
✅ Correct Answer: B) Indus Plain
Explanation: The Indus Plain is fertile and supports most agriculture.
36. Which mountain range lies south of the Potohar Plateau?
A) Salt Range
B) Karakoram
C) Hindu Kush
D) Sulaiman
✅ Correct Answer: A) Salt Range
Explanation: Salt Range is directly south of Potohar Plateau.
37. The Sulaiman Mountains are located in:
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
D) Gilgit-Baltistan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Explanation: Sulaiman range runs along western Pakistan.
38. Which is the lowest point in Pakistan?
A) K2
B) Sea level at Karachi
C) Indus Plain
D) Thar Desert
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sea level at Karachi
Explanation: Karachi is at sea level, the lowest elevation in Pakistan.
39. Kirthar Range is mainly in which province?
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: A) Sindh
Explanation: Kirthar Mountains lie mostly in Sindh.
40. The Karakoram Pass connects Pakistan with:
A) Afghanistan
B) China
C) Iran
 210

D) India
✅ Correct Answer: B) China
Explanation: Karakoram Pass is a major link to China.
41. Which desert is also called the “Rohi”?
A) Thal Desert
B) Cholistan Desert
C) Kharan Desert
D) Thar Desert
✅ Correct Answer: A) Thal Desert
Explanation: Thal Desert is locally called Rohi.
42. Which mountain range is famous for salt mines?
A) Salt Range
B) Karakoram
C) Hindu Kush
D) Sulaiman
✅ Correct Answer: A) Salt Range
Explanation: Salt Range has the Khewra Salt Mine, the world’s second largest.
43. Which city lies in the Potohar Plateau?
A) Lahore
B) Islamabad
C) Quetta
D) Karachi
✅ Correct Answer: B) Islamabad
Explanation: Islamabad is located in the Potohar Plateau region.
44. The main river flowing through Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is:
A) Indus
B) Jhelum
C) Kabul
D) Chenab
✅ Correct Answer: C) Kabul
Explanation: Kabul River flows through Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
45. Which plateau is characterized by barren and rocky terrain?
A) Potohar Plateau
B) Balochistan Plateau
C) Punjab Plains
D) Sindh Plains
✅ Correct Answer: B) Balochistan Plateau
Explanation: Balochistan Plateau is mostly dry and rocky.
46. Which of these is NOT a desert in Pakistan?
A) Thal
B) Cholistan
C) Sahara
D) Kharan
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Sahara

Explanation: Sahara is in Africa, not Pakistan.
47. The mountain range that forms a barrier between the Indus Plain and Balochistan
is:
A) Salt Range
B) Sulaiman Mountains
C) Kirthar Mountains
D) Karakoram
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sulaiman Mountains
Explanation: Sulaiman Mountains separate Balochistan from Indus Plain.
48. Which river is famous for the Mangla Dam?
A) Indus
B) Jhelum
C) Chenab
D) Ravi
✅ Correct Answer: B) Jhelum
Explanation: Mangla Dam is built on the Jhelum River.
49. Which desert is located near the city of Bahawalpur?
A) Thar Desert
B) Cholistan Desert
C) Thal Desert
D) Kharan Desert
✅ Correct Answer: B) Cholistan Desert
Explanation: Cholistan Desert is in southern Punjab near Bahawalpur.
50. The region known as Gilgit-Baltistan is famous for:
A) Deserts
B) Mountain ranges and peaks
C) Coastal beaches
D) Fertile plains
✅ Correct Answer: B) Mountain ranges and peaks
Explanation: Gilgit-Baltistan is home to many high mountains including parts of the
Karakoram and Himalayas, with famous peaks like K2 and Nanga Parbat.
51. Which city is located near the foothills of the Salt Range?
A) Lahore
B) Jhelum
C) Peshawar
D) Quetta
✅ Correct Answer: B) Jhelum
Explanation: Jhelum lies close to the Salt Range foothills.
52. The Karakoram range is famous for having:
A) Tropical forests
B) Highest concentration of peaks above 7,000 meters
C) Largest desert area
 212

D) Coastal plains
✅ Correct Answer: B) Highest concentration of peaks above 7,000 meters
Explanation: Karakoram has many very high peaks, including K2.
53. Which mountain pass connects Pakistan to Afghanistan?
A) Khyber Pass
B) Bolan Pass
C) Karakoram Pass
D) Banihal Pass
✅ Correct Answer: A) Khyber Pass
Explanation: Khyber Pass is a historic trade route to Afghanistan.
54. Which desert is known for sand dunes and extreme heat in Pakistan?
A) Thar Desert
B) Cholistan Desert
C) Thal Desert
D) Kharan Desert
✅ Correct Answer: B) Cholistan Desert
Explanation: Cholistan has large sand dunes and high temperatures.
55. Which river joins the Indus River near Mithankot?
A) Chenab
B) Sutlej
C) Ravi
D) Jhelum
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sutlej
Explanation: Sutlej merges with Chenab near Mithankot before joining Indus.
56. The area known as “Rohi” is another name for which desert?
A) Cholistan
B) Thal
C) Thar
D) Kharan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Thal
Explanation: The local name for Thal Desert is Rohi.
57. Which mountain range lies to the east of Balochistan Plateau?
A) Himalayas
B) Salt Range
C) Sulaiman Mountains
D) Karakoram
✅ Correct Answer: C) Sulaiman Mountains
Explanation: Sulaiman Mountains separate Balochistan from the Indus Plain.
58. Which river is famous for the Guddu Barrage?
A) Indus
B) Chenab
C) Jhelum
D) Ravi
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Indus

Explanation: Guddu Barrage is built on the Indus River in Sindh.
59. Which plateau lies south of the Potohar Plateau?
A) Balochistan Plateau
B) Deccan Plateau
C) Thar Plateau
D) Punjab Plain
✅ Correct Answer: A) Balochistan Plateau
Explanation: Balochistan Plateau lies to the west and south-west of Potohar.
60. Which desert in Pakistan is closest to the Arabian Sea?
A) Kharan Desert
B) Thar Desert
C) Cholistan Desert
D) Thal Desert
✅ Correct Answer: A) Kharan Desert
Explanation: Kharan Desert is located in western Balochistan near the Arabian Sea.
61. The main mountain range of Gilgit-Baltistan is:
A) Himalayas
B) Karakoram
C) Sulaiman
D) Salt Range
✅ Correct Answer: B) Karakoram
Explanation: Karakoram is the dominant range in Gilgit-Baltistan.
62. Which of the following rivers does NOT flow into the Arabian Sea?
A) Indus
B) Jhelum
C) Chenab
D) Kabul
✅ Correct Answer: D) Kabul
Explanation: Kabul River joins the Indus in Pakistan but itself is a tributary.
63. Which plateau is famous for its rich fossil fuel resources?
A) Potohar Plateau
B) Balochistan Plateau
C) Deccan Plateau
D) Punjab Plateau
✅ Correct Answer: B) Balochistan Plateau
Explanation: Balochistan has large coal and natural gas reserves.
64. Which desert covers parts of both Pakistan and India?
A) Cholistan
B) Thal
C) Thar
D) Kharan
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Thar

Explanation: Thar Desert extends into Rajasthan, India.
65. The Suleiman mountain range extends into which neighboring country?
A) Afghanistan
B) China
C) India
D) Iran
✅ Correct Answer: A) Afghanistan
Explanation: Suleiman Mountains extend into eastern Afghanistan.
66. Which river flows through the city of Multan?
A) Ravi
B) Sutlej
C) Chenab
D) Jhelum
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sutlej
Explanation: Sutlej flows near Multan in southern Punjab.
67. Which mountain peak is known as the "Savage Mountain"?
A) K2
B) Nanga Parbat
C) Tirich Mir
D) Gasherbrum
✅ Correct Answer: A) K2
Explanation: K2 is often called "Savage Mountain" due to its difficulty.
68. The Kohistan region is famous for:
A) Coastal beaches
B) Mountainous terrain
C) Desert plains
D) Large lakes
✅ Correct Answer: B) Mountainous terrain
Explanation: Kohistan is a mountainous area in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
69. The Kirthar mountain range extends between which two provinces?
A) Punjab and Sindh
B) Sindh and Balochistan
C) Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
D) Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh and Balochistan
Explanation: Kirthar range forms a natural boundary between Sindh and Balochistan.
70. Which of these is the southernmost mountain range in Pakistan?
A) Kirthar
B) Salt Range
C) Karakoram
D) Hindu Kush
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Kirthar

Explanation: Kirthar Mountains are located in southern Pakistan.
71. Which river originates from the Zojila Pass?
A) Indus
B) Jhelum
C) Chenab
D) Ravi
✅ Correct Answer: B) Jhelum
Explanation: Jhelum River originates near the Zojila Pass in Kashmir.
72. Which desert is located near Bahawalpur?
A) Cholistan
B) Thar
C) Thal
D) Kharan
✅ Correct Answer: A) Cholistan
Explanation: Cholistan Desert lies near the city of Bahawalpur.
73. The Indus River flows into which body of water?
A) Arabian Sea
B) Bay of Bengal
C) Indian Ocean
D) Red Sea
✅ Correct Answer: A) Arabian Sea
Explanation: Indus River empties into the Arabian Sea near Karachi.
74. Which of the following is a major hill station in the Potohar Plateau?
A) Murree
B) Skardu
C) Chitral
D) Quetta
✅ Correct Answer: A) Murree
Explanation: Murree is a famous hill station in the Potohar region.
75. Which mountain range lies between the Indus Plain and Balochistan Plateau?
A) Suleiman Mountains
B) Himalayas
C) Salt Range
D) Karakoram
✅ Correct Answer: A) Suleiman Mountains
Explanation: Suleiman Mountains form a natural barrier between Balochistan and Indus
Plain.
76. Which peak is the second highest in Pakistan after K2?
A) Nanga Parbat
B) Tirich Mir
C) Gasherbrum I
D) Broad Peak
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Nanga Parbat

Explanation: Nanga Parbat is the ninth highest mountain in the world and second
highest in Pakistan.
77. The Baluchistan Plateau is primarily made up of:
A) Sand dunes
B) Rocky and mountainous terrain
C) Fertile plains
D) River valleys
✅ Correct Answer: B) Rocky and mountainous terrain
Explanation: The plateau is mostly rugged and rocky with sparse vegetation.
78. Which river flows through the Potohar Plateau?
A) Jhelum
B) Ravi
C) Soan
D) Chenab
✅ Correct Answer: C) Soan
Explanation: Soan River flows through the Potohar region.
79. Which mountain range forms part of the western boundary of the Indus Valley?
A) Hindu Kush
B) Suleiman Range
C) Himalayas
D) Salt Range
✅ Correct Answer: B) Suleiman Range
Explanation: Suleiman Range lies west of the Indus Valley.
80. The Kharan Desert is located in which province?
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: C) Balochistan
Explanation: Kharan Desert is located in southwestern Balochistan.
81. Which of the following rivers is known as the "River of Five Rivers"?
A) Indus
B) Chenab
C) Ravi
D) Punjab (not a river, but the region of five rivers)
✅ Correct Answer: D) Punjab (refers to the region with five rivers)
Explanation: Punjab means "Land of Five Rivers" referring to Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi,
Beas, and Sutlej.
82. The famous Bolan Pass is located in:
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Balochistan
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D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: C) Balochistan
Explanation: Bolan Pass connects Balochistan to the Indus Plain.
83. Which mountain range is known as the "Range of Five Rivers"?
A) Himalayas
B) Salt Range
C) Karakoram
D) Suleiman Mountains
✅ Correct Answer: B) Salt Range
Explanation: The Salt Range lies between the Jhelum and Indus rivers and is close to the
Punjab rivers.
84. Which is the lowest point in Pakistan?
A) Indus River Delta
B) Keti Bandar
C) Kharan Desert
D) Chashma Barrage
✅ Correct Answer: B) Keti Bandar
Explanation: Keti Bandar is a low-lying coastal area in Sindh.
85. Which mountain range separates Pakistan from China?
A) Hindu Kush
B) Himalayas
C) Karakoram
D) Salt Range
✅ Correct Answer: C) Karakoram
Explanation: Karakoram range forms the boundary between Pakistan and China.
86. Which desert in Pakistan is famous for the 'Rohi' region?
A) Cholistan
B) Thal
C) Thar
D) Kharan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Thal
Explanation: Thal Desert is locally known as Rohi.
87. The Indus River passes through which major city before reaching the Arabian Sea?
A) Islamabad
B) Karachi
C) Lahore
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: B) Karachi
Explanation: Indus River flows into the Arabian Sea near Karachi.
88. Which river is a tributary of the Indus and flows through Azad Kashmir?
A) Chenab
B) Jhelum
C) Ravi
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D) Sutlej
✅ Correct Answer: B) Jhelum
Explanation: Jhelum River flows through Azad Kashmir and joins Indus later.
89. The Kirthar Range is rich in:
A) Minerals and fossils
B) Dense forests
C) Agriculture
D) River systems
✅ Correct Answer: A) Minerals and fossils
Explanation: Kirthar range contains mineral deposits including coal and limestone.
90. Which of the following is a major coastal city located near the Indus delta?
A) Gwadar
B) Karachi
C) Thatta
D) Pasni
✅ Correct Answer: B) Karachi
Explanation: Karachi is near the Indus River delta and the Arabian Sea.
91. Which plateau is famous for its archaeological sites related to the Indus Valley
Civilization?
A) Potohar Plateau
B) Balochistan Plateau
C) Deccan Plateau
D) Thal Plateau
✅ Correct Answer: A) Potohar Plateau
Explanation: Potohar is home to several ancient sites like Taxila.
92. The Salt Range is located in which province?
A) Sindh
B) Balochistan
C) Punjab
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: C) Punjab
Explanation: The Salt Range is located in northern Punjab.
93. Which desert is also known as the "Great Indian Desert"?
A) Cholistan
B) Thal
C) Thar
D) Kharan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Thar
Explanation: Thar Desert extends into India and is called the Great Indian Desert.
94. The Karakoram Highway connects Pakistan with which country?
A) Afghanistan
B) China
C) Iran
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D) India
✅ Correct Answer: B) China
Explanation: Karakoram Highway connects Gilgit-Baltistan with China.
95. The Sulaiman Mountains are important because they:
A) Provide a natural barrier between Punjab and Sindh
B) Are the highest peaks in Pakistan
C) Separate Balochistan from Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
D) Form the coastline of Pakistan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Separate Balochistan from Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Explanation: Sulaiman Mountains run along the western edge of Punjab and Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa.
96. The Pothohar Plateau is situated between which two rivers?
A) Indus and Chenab
B) Jhelum and Ravi
C) Indus and Jhelum
D) Chenab and Ravi
✅ Correct Answer: C) Indus and Jhelum
Explanation: Pothohar lies between the Indus and Jhelum rivers.
97. Which of these mountain ranges is located in northern Pakistan and Afghanistan?
A) Karakoram
B) Hindu Kush
C) Salt Range
D) Suleiman Mountains
✅ Correct Answer: B) Hindu Kush
Explanation: Hindu Kush stretches between northern Pakistan and Afghanistan.
98. Which is the highest peak of the Hindu Kush range in Pakistan?
A) Tirich Mir
B) Nanga Parbat
C) K2
D) Gasherbrum
✅ Correct Answer: A) Tirich Mir
Explanation: Tirich Mir is the highest peak of the Hindu Kush range.
99. Which of the following rivers is a tributary of the Indus and flows entirely within
Pakistan?
A) Jhelum
B) Kabul
C) Ravi
D) Soan
✅ Correct Answer: D) Soan
Explanation: Soan River flows entirely within Pakistan and joins the Indus.
100. Which plateau is situated in northwestern Balochistan?
A) Pothohar Plateau
B) Quetta Plateau
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C) Deccan Plateau
D) Kharan Plateau
✅ Correct Answer: B) Quetta Plateau
Explanation: The Quetta Plateau is located in northwestern Balochistan around the city
of Quetta.

Set 1: Monsoon Season & General Climate Zones

1. When does the monsoon season start in Pakistan?
A) March
B) May
C) June
D) November
✅ Correct Answer: C) June
⚡Explanation: Monsoon begins in June and brings heavy rains.
2. Which region receives the highest monsoon rainfall?
A) Karachi
B) Lahore
C) Murree
D) Quetta
✅ Correct Answer: C) Murree
⚡Explanation: Murree is in the sub-humid zone with high rainfall.
3. Which wind brings monsoon rains to Pakistan?
A) Eastern winds
B) Northerly winds
C) South-west monsoon
D) Trade winds
✅ Correct Answer: C) South-west monsoon
⚡Explanation: These winds carry moisture from the Arabian Sea.
4. Which part of Pakistan gets the least monsoon rain?
A) Tharparkar
B) Islamabad
C) Sialkot
D) Abbottabad
✅ Correct Answer: A) Tharparkar
⚡Explanation: Thar is an arid desert with very little rain.
5. Which city experiences heavy monsoon flooding?
A) Gwadar
B) Lahore
C) Quetta
D) Jhelum
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lahore
⚡Explanation: Monsoon rains often flood low-lying areas in Lahore.
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6. Monsoon is important for:

A) Fishing
B) Mining
C) Agriculture
D) Transport
✅ Correct Answer: C) Agriculture
⚡Explanation: Rainfall helps crops grow, especially rice.
7. Which province benefits most from monsoon?
A) Balochistan
B) Sindh
C) Punjab
D) Gilgit-Baltistan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Punjab
⚡Explanation: Punjab’s crops depend heavily on monsoon.
8. What is the average monsoon rainfall in northern Punjab?
A) 50 mm
B) 300 mm
C) 1000 mm
D) 2000 mm
✅ Correct Answer: C) 1000 mm
⚡Explanation: Northern Punjab gets moderate to heavy rainfall.
9. Which month receives the most monsoon rain?
A) June
B) July
C) August
D) September
✅ Correct Answer: B) July
⚡Explanation: July is the peak of the monsoon season.
10. Karachi’s climate during monsoon is:
A) Very cold
B) Very dry
C) Hot and humid
D) Snowy
✅ Correct Answer: C) Hot and humid
⚡Explanation: Karachi is coastal and humid during monsoon.
11. Monsoon winds come from:
A) Arabian Sea
B) Red Sea
C) Bay of Bengal
D) Caspian Sea
✅ Correct Answer: A) Arabian Sea
⚡Explanation: Winds carry moisture from the sea.
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12. Which city gets monsoon and snowfall both?

A) Murree
B) Lahore
C) Karachi
D) Hyderabad
✅ Correct Answer: A) Murree
⚡Explanation: Murree has cool climate and snow in winter.
13. Monsoon ends by which month?
A) July
B) August
C) September
D) October
✅ Correct Answer: C) September
⚡Explanation: Monsoon usually ends in September.
14. Sub-humid areas get rainfall of:
A) Less than 250 mm
B) 250–500 mm
C) 500–1000 mm
D) Above 1500 mm
✅ Correct Answer: C) 500–1000 mm
⚡Explanation: Sub-humid areas receive moderate rainfall.
15. Monsoon season is crucial for which crop?
A) Wheat
B) Maize
C) Cotton
D) Rice
✅ Correct Answer: D) Rice
⚡Explanation: Rice requires a lot of water.
16. Islamabad’s climate is classified as:
A) Arid
B) Semi-arid
C) Sub-humid
D) Tropical
✅ Correct Answer: C) Sub-humid
⚡Explanation: Islamabad receives good rainfall.
17. Which province has the driest climate?
A) Punjab
B) Balochistan
C) Sindh
D) KPK
✅ Correct Answer: B) Balochistan
⚡Explanation: Balochistan is mostly arid and dry.
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18. Monsoon helps in:

A) Building roads
B) Recharging groundwater
C) Melting glaciers
D) Drying crops
✅ Correct Answer: B) Recharging groundwater
⚡Explanation: Rainfall increases water levels underground.
19. Sudden heavy rains during monsoon can cause:
A) Tornadoes
B) Avalanches
C) Flash floods
D) Heatwaves
✅ Correct Answer: C) Flash floods
⚡Explanation: Urban areas are prone to flash floods.
20. Which city is in semi-arid zone?
A) Quetta
B) Multan
C) Murree
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: B) Multan
⚡Explanation: Multan has hot summers and limited rainfall.
21. Which desert sees little or no effect of monsoon?
A) Cholistan
B) Thar
C) Kharan
D) All of these
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of these
⚡Explanation: Deserts receive very low monsoon rainfall.
22. Why does Balochistan get less monsoon rain?
A) High altitude
B) Blocked by mountains
C) Far from sea
D) All of these
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of these
⚡Explanation: Its geography limits rain.
23. Which system brings rainfall to western Pakistan in winter?
A) Monsoon
B) Cyclone
C) Western Disturbance
D) Trade wind
✅ Correct Answer: C) Western Disturbance
⚡Explanation: Western winds bring winter rain/snow.
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24. Which region of Pakistan is most affected by monsoon flooding?

A) Northern areas
B) Southern Punjab
C) Karachi
D) Eastern Punjab
✅ Correct Answer: D) Eastern Punjab
⚡Explanation: Heavy rains often cause floods in low-lying areas.
25. Pakistan’s overall climate is considered:
A) Cold and wet
B) Dry and hot
C) Tropical
D) Desert only
✅ Correct Answer: B) Dry and hot
⚡Explanation: Most of the country is arid or semi-arid.

Temperature Variations & Arid Regions

1. Which city records the highest summer temperature in Pakistan?
A) Lahore
B) Sibbi
C) Peshawar
D) Murree
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sibbi
⚡Explanation: Sibbi often reaches above 50°C in summer.
2. Which area has the coldest winter temperatures?
A) Multan
B) Islamabad
C) Skardu
D) Hyderabad
✅ Correct Answer: C) Skardu
⚡Explanation: Skardu, in the mountains, drops below freezing.
3. Temperature difference between day and night is highest in:
A) Desert areas
B) Coastal areas
C) Mountain areas
D) River plains
✅ Correct Answer: A) Desert areas
⚡Explanation: Deserts heat up in day, cool fast at night.
4. Which region has mild summers and cold winters?
A) Sindh
B) Balochistan
C) Potohar Plateau
D) Gilgit-Baltistan
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✅ Correct Answer: D) Gilgit-Baltistan

⚡Explanation: High altitude leads to cool temperatures.
5. Arid zones are defined by rainfall below:
A) 500 mm
B) 300 mm
C) 150 mm
D) 100 mm
✅ Correct Answer: D) 100 mm
⚡Explanation: Arid zones are extremely dry.
6. Which of the following is a semi-arid city?
A) Quetta
B) Multan
C) Karachi
D) Murree
✅ Correct Answer: B) Multan
⚡Explanation: Multan receives moderate rainfall.
7. The Thar Desert lies mainly in which province?
A) Balochistan
B) Punjab
C) Sindh
D) KPK
✅ Correct Answer: C) Sindh
⚡Explanation: Thar is located in eastern Sindh.
8. Which of these cities has a coastal climate?
A) Sukkur
B) Gwadar
C) Sargodha
D) Quetta
✅ Correct Answer: B) Gwadar
⚡Explanation: Gwadar lies along the Arabian Sea.
9. Which region of Pakistan is known for dry, barren land and hot climate?
A) Northern areas
B) Punjab
C) Balochistan
D) Kashmir
✅ Correct Answer: C) Balochistan
⚡Explanation: Balochistan is mostly desert or semi-desert.
10. Why is coastal temperature more stable?
A) More buildings
B) Sea breeze moderates heat
C) More trees
D) Mountains nearby
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Sea breeze moderates heat

⚡Explanation: Sea reduces temperature extremes.
11. Potohar Plateau experiences which climate type?
A) Tropical
B) Arid
C) Semi-arid
D) Humid
✅ Correct Answer: C) Semi-arid
⚡Explanation: Moderate rainfall with hot summers.
12. Which city is hottest in summer among these?
A) Murree
B) Lahore
C) Hyderabad
D) Jacobabad
✅ Correct Answer: D) Jacobabad
⚡Explanation: Jacobabad is one of the hottest cities globally.
13. Balochistan Plateau’s winters are usually:
A) Warm
B) Mild
C) Freezing cold
D) Rainy
✅ Correct Answer: C) Freezing cold
⚡Explanation: The plateau's altitude leads to cold weather.
14. Karachi’s summer temperature is usually around:
A) 30–35°C
B) 45–50°C
C) 20–25°C
D) 10–15°C
✅ Correct Answer: A) 30–35°C
⚡Explanation: Sea breeze prevents extreme heat.
15. Which city is known for its dry and windy climate?
A) Lahore
B) Quetta
C) Faisalabad
D) Bahawalpur
✅ Correct Answer: B) Quetta
⚡Explanation: Quetta has dry and cool air.
16. Which area receives the least rainfall in Pakistan?
A) Murree
B) Lasbela
C) Dera Ghazi Khan
D) Rawalpindi
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Lasbela

⚡Explanation: Lasbela in Balochistan is very dry.
17. The hottest month in most parts of Pakistan is:
A) April
B) June
C) August
D) October
✅ Correct Answer: B) June
⚡Explanation: Temperatures peak before monsoon starts.
18. Which type of region has low rainfall and poor vegetation?
A) Sub-humid
B) Semi-arid
C) Arid
D) Coastal
✅ Correct Answer: C) Arid
⚡Explanation: Arid zones are dry with little plant life.
19. Desert climate is found in which part of Pakistan?
A) Western Balochistan
B) Northern Punjab
C) Central KPK
D) Kashmir
✅ Correct Answer: A) Western Balochistan
⚡Explanation: Western Balochistan is extremely dry.
20. Which region shows extreme summer and winter temperatures?
A) Desert areas
B) Coastal belt
C) Forest regions
D) River deltas
✅ Correct Answer: A) Desert areas
⚡Explanation: Deserts show extreme day-night and seasonal variations.
21. Murree’s cool weather is due to:
A) Forests
B) Snowfall
C) Elevation
D) Waterfalls
✅ Correct Answer: C) Elevation
⚡Explanation: It is located at a higher altitude.
22. Which region of Punjab is mostly arid?
A) Rawalpindi
B) Lahore
C) Bahawalpur
D) Sialkot
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Bahawalpur

⚡Explanation: Bahawalpur borders the Cholistan desert.
23. Which factor influences Pakistan’s climate the most?
A) Forests
B) Rivers
C) Monsoon winds
D) Earthquakes
✅ Correct Answer: C) Monsoon winds
⚡Explanation: They bring rain and impact temperatures.
24. Highland areas like Gilgit receive:
A) Heavy summer rains
B) Heavy snowfall in winter
C) Cyclones
D) Desert winds
✅ Correct Answer: B) Heavy snowfall in winter
⚡Explanation: Due to high elevation and western winds.
25. Arid and semi-arid areas require which farming method?
A) Rain-fed only
B) None
C) Irrigation-based
D) Terrace farming
✅ Correct Answer: C) Irrigation-based
⚡Explanation: Rainfall is low, so irrigation is needed.

Natural Disasters in Pakistan

1. Which natural disaster is most common during monsoon in Pakistan?
A) Earthquake
B) Snowfall
C) Floods
D) Heatwave
✅ Correct Answer: C) Floods
⚡Explanation: Heavy rain causes rivers to overflow.
2. The major flood in Pakistan occurred in which year?
A) 2005
B) 2010
C) 2014
D) 2018
✅ Correct Answer: B) 2010
⚡Explanation: 2010 floods were the worst in Pakistan’s history.
3. Which river mainly causes floods in Punjab?
A) Sutlej
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B) Ravi
C) Indus
D) Jhelum
✅ Correct Answer: C) Indus
⚡Explanation: The Indus is the largest river and often overflows.
4. The earthquake of 2005 affected mostly:
A) Sindh
B) Balochistan
C) Azad Kashmir & KPK
D) Gilgit-Baltistan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Azad Kashmir & KPK
⚡Explanation: The epicenter was near Muzaffarabad.
5. Pakistan lies in which earthquake-prone zone?
A) Safe zone
B) Moderate zone
C) High-risk zone
D) No-risk zone
✅ Correct Answer: C) High-risk zone
⚡Explanation: Pakistan is near major fault lines.
6. Drought is most common in which province?
A) Punjab
B) KPK
C) Balochistan
D) Gilgit
✅ Correct Answer: C) Balochistan
⚡Explanation: Balochistan has very low rainfall.
7. Which desert is most affected by droughts?
A) Thal
B) Thar
C) Cholistan
D) Kharan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Thar
⚡Explanation: Tharparkar suffers frequent water shortage.
8. Which year did Karachi suffer massive urban flooding?
A) 2019
B) 2020
C) 2022
D) 2023
✅ Correct Answer: C) 2022
⚡Explanation: Karachi had record-breaking rain and floods in 2022.
9. What is a major cause of urban flooding?
A) Snowfall
B) Heatwaves
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C) Poor drainage
D) Sea storms
✅ Correct Answer: C) Poor drainage
⚡Explanation: Cities lack proper drainage systems.
10. Which organization manages disaster response in Pakistan?
A) NHA
B) WAPDA
C) NDMA
D) PEMRA
✅ Correct Answer: C) NDMA
⚡Explanation: National Disaster Management Authority.
11. Which season is associated with drought in Pakistan?
A) Winter
B) Spring
C) Summer
D) Autumn
✅ Correct Answer: C) Summer
⚡Explanation: Low rainfall and high heat cause droughts.
12. What is the main cause of earthquakes in Pakistan?
A) Monsoon winds
B) Glacier melting
C) Tectonic plates movement
D) Human construction
✅ Correct Answer: C) Tectonic plates movement
⚡Explanation: Pakistan lies on the Indian-Eurasian plate boundary.
13. Which area was worst-hit in the 2005 earthquake?
A) Lahore
B) Islamabad
C) Muzaffarabad
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: C) Muzaffarabad
⚡Explanation: The epicenter was close to Muzaffarabad.
14. A heatwave is defined as:
A) Continuous cold
B) Rainstorm
C) Long period of extreme heat
D) Snowfall
✅ Correct Answer: C) Long period of extreme heat
⚡Explanation: Prolonged high temperatures.
15. Which city faced deadly heatwave in 2015?
A) Lahore
B) Islamabad
C) Karachi
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D) Quetta
✅ Correct Answer: C) Karachi
⚡Explanation: Over 1,000 people died in Karachi’s 2015 heatwave.
16. Which natural disaster caused damage to Tarbela Dam in 2010?
A) Earthquake
B) Flood
C) Drought
D) Landslide
✅ Correct Answer: B) Flood
⚡Explanation: Torrential floods threatened dam safety.
17. Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) occurs in:
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Northern Areas
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Northern Areas
⚡Explanation: Melting glaciers cause sudden floods.
18. Tsunamis are least likely in Pakistan because:
A) No sea
B) Deep coastal shelf
C) Strong mountains
D) Far from oceans
✅ Correct Answer: B) Deep coastal shelf
⚡Explanation: Deep waters prevent massive wave buildup.
19. Which area is at risk of landslides after heavy rains?
A) Lahore
B) Multan
C) Murree
D) Jacobabad
✅ Correct Answer: C) Murree
⚡Explanation: Hilly terrain is prone to landslides.
20. Drought affects agriculture mainly due to:
A) No seeds
B) Machinery
C) Water shortage
D) Lack of labor
✅ Correct Answer: C) Water shortage
⚡Explanation: Crops need water to grow.
21. Which disaster caused massive displacement in 2010?
A) Drought
B) Earthquake
C) Flood
D) Heatwave
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Flood

⚡Explanation: Over 20 million people were affected.
22. Which month is peak for flood risk?
A) April
B) May
C) July
D) January
✅ Correct Answer: C) July
⚡Explanation: Heavy monsoon rain begins in July.
23. What is the Richter Scale used for?
A) Rainfall
B) Wind speed
C) Earthquake magnitude
D) Temperature
✅ Correct Answer: C) Earthquake magnitude
⚡Explanation: Measures earthquake intensity.
24. NDMA stands for:
A) National Data Management Authority
B) National Disaster Management Authority
C) National Development Monitoring Agency
D) National Drought Management Agency
✅ Correct Answer: B) National Disaster Management Authority
⚡Explanation: It coordinates disaster response in Pakistan.
25. Floods in Pakistan are often caused by:
A) Snowfall
B) Sea storms
C) Heavy rainfall and glacier melt
D) Lack of bridges
✅ Correct Answer: C) Heavy rainfall and glacier melt
⚡Explanation: Both combine to increase river flow dangerously.

Climate and Weather Patterns

1. Which part of Pakistan receives snowfall regularly?
A) Sindh
B) Southern Punjab
C) Northern areas
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Northern areas
⚡Explanation: Gilgit-Baltistan and Swat get winter snow.
2. Which natural disaster mostly affects mountainous regions?
A) Flood
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B) Drought
C) Landslide
D) Heatwave
✅ Correct Answer: C) Landslide
⚡Explanation: Steep slopes become unstable during rain.
3. Pakistan’s climate is mainly influenced by which ocean?
A) Indian Ocean
B) Atlantic Ocean
C) Pacific Ocean
D) Arctic Ocean
✅ Correct Answer: A) Indian Ocean
⚡Explanation: Monsoon winds rise from the Indian Ocean.
4. Which season is most suitable for wheat cultivation in Pakistan?
A) Winter
B) Summer
C) Autumn
D) Spring
✅ Correct Answer: A) Winter
⚡Explanation: Wheat is a Rabi (winter) crop.
5. Which province has the most diverse climate?
A) Sindh
B) Balochistan
C) KPK
D) Punjab
✅ Correct Answer: B) Balochistan
⚡Explanation: It has deserts, plateaus, and coastal zones.
6. Which month marks the beginning of the cold season?
A) September
B) October
C) November
D) December
✅ Correct Answer: C) November
⚡Explanation: November begins the winter transition.
7. The Cholistan Desert lies in which province?
A) Sindh
B) KPK
C) Balochistan
D) Punjab
✅ Correct Answer: D) Punjab
⚡Explanation: It is located in Southern Punjab.
8. What is the main source of water in arid regions?
A) Rainwater
B) Canals
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C) Groundwater
D) Rivers
✅ Correct Answer: C) Groundwater
⚡Explanation: Groundwater is tapped through wells.
9. The winter rains in Pakistan are due to:
A) Western Disturbances
B) Monsoon
C) Cyclones
D) Sea breezes
✅ Correct Answer: A) Western Disturbances
⚡Explanation: These bring snow and rain in winter.
10. Why is Karachi less affected by monsoon compared to Lahore?
A) It is cooler
B) It is coastal
C) It lies westward
D) It is more developed
✅ Correct Answer: C) It lies westward
⚡Explanation: Monsoon weakens as it moves west.
11. Which city is known for both heatwaves and floods?
A) Islamabad
B) Peshawar
C) Karachi
D) Faisalabad
✅ Correct Answer: C) Karachi
⚡Explanation: It faces extreme weather due to urban pressure.
12. Which region of Pakistan is ideal for date palm farming?
A) Skardu
B) Bahawalpur
C) Turbat
D) Abbottabad
✅ Correct Answer: C) Turbat
⚡Explanation: Hot and dry climate supports date farming.
13. Which part of Pakistan has a Mediterranean-type climate?
A) Southern Punjab
B) Murree hills
C) Northern Balochistan
D) Northern Sindh
✅ Correct Answer: C) Northern Balochistan
⚡Explanation: Cold winters and mild summers.
14. What helps prevent soil erosion in hilly areas?
A) Cutting trees
B) Heavy rains
C) Plantation/forests
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D) Construction
✅ Correct Answer: C) Plantation/forests
⚡Explanation: Roots hold soil together.
15. Pakistan’s northern areas experience which climate?
A) Tropical
B) Desert
C) Highland
D) Coastal
✅ Correct Answer: C) Highland
⚡Explanation: High elevation causes cold climate.
16. Which desert is located in KPK?
A) Thar
B) Kharan
C) Thal
D) None
✅ Correct Answer: D) None
⚡Explanation: KPK does not have a major desert.
17. What is a key feature of monsoon rainfall?
A) Spread evenly
B) Sudden and intense
C) Mild and slow
D) Constant drizzle
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sudden and intense
⚡Explanation: It falls heavily in a short time.
18. Why is drought increasing in Pakistan?
A) Too much rainfall
B) Deforestation and climate change
C) More rivers
D) Snowfall
✅ Correct Answer: B) Deforestation and climate change
⚡Explanation: Both reduce rainfall and groundwater.
19. Which city often experiences cold winds in winter?
A) Lahore
B) Islamabad
C) Peshawar
D) Quetta
✅ Correct Answer: D) Quetta
⚡Explanation: Quetta’s altitude brings chilly winds.
20. Heatwaves in Pakistan are worsened by:
A) Lakes
B) Forests
C) Deforestation
D) Ice
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Deforestation

⚡Explanation: Trees help regulate temperature.
21. What is the key difference between arid and semi-arid zones?
A) Temperature
B) Rainfall amount
C) Wind speed
D) Soil color
✅ Correct Answer: B) Rainfall amount
⚡Explanation: Arid areas get less rain than semi-arid.
22. Which district has the highest recorded rainfall in Pakistan?
A) Peshawar
B) Lahore
C) Murree
D) Sialkot
✅ Correct Answer: D) Sialkot
⚡Explanation: Sialkot receives very high annual rainfall.
23. Which region suffers both drought and floods?
A) Gilgit
B) Thar
C) Punjab
D) Sindh
✅ Correct Answer: D) Sindh
⚡Explanation: Southern Sindh faces both issues frequently.
24. What is the safest area from earthquakes in Pakistan?
A) Islamabad
B) Karachi
C) Quetta
D) Rawalpindi
✅ Correct Answer: B) Karachi
⚡Explanation: Karachi lies away from major fault lines.
25. Which season brings most variability in Pakistan’s climate?
A) Spring
B) Summer
C) Monsoon
D) Winter
✅ Correct Answer: C) Monsoon
⚡Explanation: Rainfall and temperature vary greatly.

Provinces & Capitals, Major Cities

1. What is the capital of Punjab province?
A) Rawalpindi
B) Lahore
C) Faisalabad
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D) Multan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lahore
⚡Explanation: Lahore is the political and cultural capital of Punjab.
2. What is the capital of Sindh?
A) Hyderabad
B) Larkana
C) Sukkur
D) Karachi
✅ Correct Answer: D) Karachi
⚡Explanation: Karachi is the largest city and capital of Sindh.
3. What is the capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa?
A) Abbottabad
B) Swat
C) Peshawar
D) Bannu
✅ Correct Answer: C) Peshawar
⚡Explanation: Peshawar is the oldest and most prominent city in KPK.
4. What is the capital of Balochistan?
A) Gwadar
B) Turbat
C) Quetta
D) Khuzdar
✅ Correct Answer: C) Quetta
⚡Explanation: Quetta is the provincial capital and administrative center.
5. What is the capital of Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK)?
A) Rawalakot
B) Muzaffarabad
C) Mirpur
D) Kotli
✅ Correct Answer: B) Muzaffarabad
⚡Explanation: Muzaffarabad is the capital and largest city of AJK.
6. Which is the federal capital of Pakistan?
A) Lahore
B) Islamabad
C) Karachi
D) Rawalpindi
✅ Correct Answer: B) Islamabad
⚡Explanation: Islamabad is the federal capital, established in 1960s.
7. Which city is known as the “City of Lights”?
A) Lahore
B) Faisalabad
C) Karachi
D) Islamabad
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Karachi

⚡Explanation: Karachi is called City of Lights due to its vibrant nightlife.
8. Which city is the cultural capital of Pakistan?
A) Islamabad
B) Lahore
C) Quetta
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lahore
⚡Explanation: Lahore is rich in culture, heritage, and arts.
9. Which city is the industrial hub of Pakistan?
A) Islamabad
B) Peshawar
C) Faisalabad
D) Multan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Faisalabad
⚡Explanation: Faisalabad is famous for textile and industrial production.
10. Which city is famous for its port and seaport activities?
A) Lahore
B) Gwadar
C) Quetta
D) Sialkot
✅ Correct Answer: B) Gwadar
⚡Explanation: Gwadar is a deep-sea port important for CPEC.
11. Which city is known as “City of Saints”?
A) Multan
B) Karachi
C) Abbottabad
D) Gilgit
✅ Correct Answer: A) Multan
⚡Explanation: Multan has many shrines of Sufi saints.
12. Which city serves as Pakistan’s economic capital?
A) Islamabad
B) Karachi
C) Lahore
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: B) Karachi
⚡Explanation: Karachi is the main economic and financial hub.
13. Which city is located at the border of Punjab and Sindh?
A) Bahawalpur
B) Sadiqabad
C) Sukkur
D) Hyderabad
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Sadiqabad

⚡Explanation: Sadiqabad lies near the Punjab-Sindh border.
14. Which city is famous for Orangi Town and Korangi Industrial Area?
A) Lahore
B) Islamabad
C) Karachi
D) Faisalabad
✅ Correct Answer: C) Karachi
⚡Explanation: Both are large neighborhoods in Karachi.
15. Islamabad is located in which federal area?
A) Gilgit-Baltistan
B) Islamabad Capital Territory
C) Punjab
D) KPK
✅ Correct Answer: B) Islamabad Capital Territory
⚡Explanation: ICT is a separate federal territory.
16. Which city is known for its strategic location near the Khyber Pass?
A) Swat
B) Kohat
C) Peshawar
D) Dera Ismail Khan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Peshawar
⚡Explanation: Peshawar lies close to the historic Khyber Pass.
17. Which city is famous for Mazar-e-Quaid?
A) Lahore
B) Karachi
C) Quetta
D) Hyderabad
✅ Correct Answer: B) Karachi
⚡Explanation: Quaid-e-Azam is buried in Karachi.
18. Which city is located near the Margalla Hills?
A) Lahore
B) Islamabad
C) Rawalpindi
D) Attock
✅ Correct Answer: B) Islamabad
⚡Explanation: Margalla Hills form the scenic backdrop of Islamabad.
19. Which city is known for its historical fort and Badshahi Mosque?
A) Quetta
B) Islamabad
C) Lahore
D) Multan
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Lahore

⚡Explanation: Lahore has these famous Mughal-era monuments.
20. Which is the largest city by population in Pakistan?
A) Lahore
B) Faisalabad
C) Karachi
D) Rawalpindi
✅ Correct Answer: C) Karachi
⚡Explanation: Karachi is the most populous city.
21. Which city is called the "Twin City" of Islamabad?
A) Lahore
B) Quetta
C) Rawalpindi
D) Murree
✅ Correct Answer: C) Rawalpindi
⚡Explanation: Rawalpindi is adjacent to Islamabad.
22. Which city is a major center of Seraiki culture?
A) Sialkot
B) Multan
C) Hyderabad
D) Swat
✅ Correct Answer: B) Multan
⚡Explanation: Seraiki is widely spoken in Multan.
23. Which city is the capital of Gilgit-Baltistan?
A) Skardu
B) Gilgit
C) Hunza
D) Chilas
✅ Correct Answer: B) Gilgit
⚡Explanation: Gilgit serves as the administrative capital.
24. Which city is known for high literacy rate and military presence?
A) Abbottabad
B) Quetta
C) Dera Ghazi Khan
D) Larkana
✅ Correct Answer: A) Abbottabad
⚡Explanation: Known for military academies and good education.
25. Which city is closest to Pakistan’s only international border crossing with China?
A) Gilgit
B) Skardu
C) Khunjerab
D) Gwadar
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Khunjerab

⚡Explanation: Khunjerab Pass connects Pakistan with China.

26. Which city is the headquarters of Pakistan Army’s GHQ?

A) Islamabad
B) Karachi
C) Rawalpindi
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: C) Rawalpindi
⚡Explanation: The GHQ is located in Rawalpindi.
27. Which city is known as the “Manchester of Pakistan”?
A) Lahore
B) Faisalabad
C) Sialkot
D) Gujranwala
✅ Correct Answer: B) Faisalabad
⚡Explanation: Due to its large textile industry.
28. Which city is known for producing surgical instruments?
A) Multan
B) Lahore
C) Sialkot
D) Hyderabad
✅ Correct Answer: C) Sialkot
⚡Explanation: Sialkot exports surgical and sports goods globally.
29. Which city is the largest in Balochistan province?
A) Quetta
B) Khuzdar
C) Turbat
D) Gwadar
✅ Correct Answer: A) Quetta
⚡Explanation: Quetta is the capital and biggest city in Balochistan.
30. Which city is known for mangoes and agriculture?
A) Lahore
B) Multan
C) Karachi
D) Abbottabad
✅ Correct Answer: B) Multan
⚡Explanation: Multan is famous for mangoes and fertile lands.
31. Which city is near the confluence of the Indus and Kabul Rivers?
A) Peshawar
B) Nowshera
C) Attock
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D) Dera Ismail Khan

✅ Correct Answer: C) Attock
⚡Explanation: Attock lies near the river junction.
32. Which city is a hub for oil and gas in Sindh?
A) Sukkur
B) Hyderabad
C) Khairpur
D) Badin
✅ Correct Answer: D) Badin
⚡Explanation: Badin has oil and gas reserves.
33. Which city is located on the banks of the Ravi River?
A) Islamabad
B) Multan
C) Lahore
D) Sialkot
✅ Correct Answer: C) Lahore
⚡Explanation: Lahore is situated along the Ravi.
34. Which city is called the “Gateway to Khyber Pass”?
A) Abbottabad
B) Peshawar
C) Kohat
D) Swabi
✅ Correct Answer: B) Peshawar
⚡Explanation: Peshawar lies at the entrance of Khyber Pass.
35. Which city has Minar-e-Pakistan?
A) Islamabad
B) Lahore
C) Karachi
D) Quetta
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lahore
⚡Explanation: Located at Iqbal Park, Lahore.
36. Which city is famous for Shahbaz Qalandar’s shrine?
A) Sukkur
B) Larkana
C) Sehwan Sharif
D) Thatta
✅ Correct Answer: C) Sehwan Sharif
⚡Explanation: A major spiritual site in Sindh.
37. Hyderabad is situated on the bank of which river?
A) Indus
B) Ravi
C) Chenab
D) Sutlej
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Indus

⚡Explanation: Hyderabad lies close to the Indus River.
38. Which city is known for hosting the Supreme Court and Parliament House?
A) Rawalpindi
B) Islamabad
C) Karachi
D) Lahore
✅ Correct Answer: B) Islamabad
⚡Explanation: Islamabad is the capital and seat of federal government.
39. Which city is known as the “City of Wrestlers” (Pehalwanon Ka Sheher)?
A) Gujranwala
B) Sialkot
C) Multan
D) Lahore
✅ Correct Answer: A) Gujranwala
⚡Explanation: Gujranwala has a rich tradition of wrestling.
40. Which city is close to the Line of Control (LoC)?
A) Gilgit
B) Muzaffarabad
C) Islamabad
D) Quetta
✅ Correct Answer: B) Muzaffarabad
⚡Explanation: Muzaffarabad lies near the LoC in AJK.
41. Which city is a major military center and home to PMA?
A) Rawalpindi
B) Kohat
C) Abbottabad
D) Bahawalpur
✅ Correct Answer: C) Abbottabad
⚡Explanation: PMA (Pakistan Military Academy) is in Abbottabad.
42. Which is the second-largest city of Pakistan by population?
A) Lahore
B) Islamabad
C) Faisalabad
D) Multan
✅ Correct Answer: A) Lahore
⚡Explanation: After Karachi, Lahore has the second-largest population.
43. Which city is known for Shalimar Gardens and Lahore Fort?
A) Multan
B) Faisalabad
C) Lahore
D) Gujrat
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Lahore

⚡Explanation: Mughal-era architecture is found here.
44. Which city is located near the Pak-Afghan Torkham border?
A) Kohat
B) Nowshera
C) Peshawar
D) Swat
✅ Correct Answer: C) Peshawar
⚡Explanation: Peshawar is the nearest major city to Torkham border.
45. Which city was planned and built in the 1960s to replace Karachi as capital?
A) Quetta
B) Faisalabad
C) Rawalpindi
D) Islamabad
✅ Correct Answer: D) Islamabad
⚡Explanation: Islamabad was built as a modern planned capital.
46. Which city lies at the junction of three provinces?
A) Jacobabad
B) Dera Ghazi Khan
C) Dadu
D) Sukkur
✅ Correct Answer: A) Jacobabad
⚡Explanation: Near borders of Sindh, Punjab, and Balochistan.
47. Which southern city of Balochistan is a part of the CPEC project?
A) Quetta
B) Turbat
C) Gwadar
D) Khuzdar
✅ Correct Answer: C) Gwadar
⚡Explanation: Gwadar port is the heart of CPEC.
48. Which city is famous for blue pottery and handicrafts?
A) Bahawalpur
B) Multan
C) Lahore
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: B) Multan
⚡Explanation: Multan has a long tradition of blue pottery.
49. Which city is the most populated in KPK?
A) Swat
B) Mardan
C) Peshawar
D) Kohat
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Peshawar

⚡Explanation: Peshawar is the largest city of KPK.
50. Which city is an important railway and road junction in Punjab?
A) Gujrat
B) Sargodha
C) Khanewal
D) Sheikhupura
✅ Correct Answer: C) Khanewal
⚡Explanation: Khanewal is a major rail junction in South Punjab.

51. Which city is the administrative center of South Punjab?

A) Multan
B) Bahawalpur
C) Dera Ghazi Khan
D) Rahim Yar Khan
✅ Correct Answer: A) Multan
⚡Explanation: Multan is the proposed capital for South Punjab.
52. The Quaid-e-Azam University is located in:
A) Karachi
B) Islamabad
C) Lahore
D) Quetta
✅ Correct Answer: B) Islamabad
⚡Explanation: It is a top-ranked public university in the capital.
53. Which city is called the "Roof of Pakistan"?
A) Murree
B) Skardu
C) Quetta
D) Gilgit
✅ Correct Answer: D) Gilgit
⚡Explanation: Due to its high-altitude location in the north.
54. Which city is famous for the shrine of Bahauddin Zakariya?
A) Lahore
B) Peshawar
C) Multan
D) Hyderabad
✅ Correct Answer: C) Multan
⚡Explanation: A major Sufi saint of Multan.
55. Which city is known for truck art and metalwork?
A) Gujrat
B) Larkana
C) Mardan
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D) Dera Ismail Khan

✅ Correct Answer: A) Gujrat
⚡Explanation: Gujrat is famous for decorative truck bodies and furniture.
56. Which city is known for Hiran Minar?
A) Sheikhupura
B) Gujranwala
C) Kasur
D) Sialkot
✅ Correct Answer: A) Sheikhupura
⚡Explanation: Hiran Minar is a Mughal-era structure near Sheikhupura.
57. The Badshahi Mosque is located in which city?
A) Islamabad
B) Lahore
C) Karachi
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lahore
⚡Explanation: Built by Emperor Aurangzeb in Lahore.
58. Which city in Balochistan is known for its cold desert?
A) Quetta
B) Ziarat
C) Dalbandin
D) Sibi
✅ Correct Answer: B) Ziarat
⚡Explanation: Ziarat is a cold and scenic hill station.
59. Which city lies at the mouth of the Indus River?
A) Thatta
B) Hyderabad
C) Jacobabad
D) Badin
✅ Correct Answer: A) Thatta
⚡Explanation: Thatta is close to the river delta.
60. Which city is famous for its marble industry in KPK?
A) Swabi
B) Buner
C) Mardan
D) Kohat
✅ Correct Answer: B) Buner
⚡Explanation: Buner has large marble deposits and factories.
61. Which is the largest city of Gilgit-Baltistan?
A) Hunza
B) Skardu
C) Gilgit
D) Ghanche
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Gilgit

⚡Explanation: Gilgit is the administrative and urban center.
62. The city of Larkana is located in which province?
A) Punjab
B) Balochistan
C) Sindh
D) KPK
✅ Correct Answer: C) Sindh
⚡Explanation: Larkana is a prominent city in upper Sindh.
63. Which city is famous for the shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar?
A) Sehwan
B) Hyderabad
C) Larkana
D) Nawabshah
✅ Correct Answer: A) Sehwan
⚡Explanation: A major pilgrimage site in Sindh.
64. Which city lies between the Ravi and Chenab rivers?
A) Sialkot
B) Gujranwala
C) Sheikhupura
D) Faisalabad
✅ Correct Answer: B) Gujranwala
⚡Explanation: Located in central Punjab between rivers.
65. Which city is Pakistan’s first planned city after independence?
A) Lahore
B) Islamabad
C) Faisalabad
D) Gwadar
✅ Correct Answer: B) Islamabad
⚡Explanation: Developed in the 1960s as the new capital.
66. Which city is closest to Mohenjo-Daro?
A) Sukkur
B) Larkana
C) Nawabshah
D) Hyderabad
✅ Correct Answer: B) Larkana
⚡Explanation: Ancient Indus site is near Larkana.
67. Which major city is situated on the Grand Trunk (GT) Road?
A) Abbottabad
B) Lahore
C) Sukkur
D) Sibi
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Lahore

⚡Explanation: GT Road passes through Lahore.
68. Which city is a major coal mining center in Sindh?
A) Hyderabad
B) Larkana
C) Jamshoro
D) Tharparkar
✅ Correct Answer: D) Tharparkar
⚡Explanation: Thar coal fields are located here.
69. Which city is famous for fruit orchards and cold weather in Balochistan?
A) Khuzdar
B) Sibi
C) Ziarat
D) Panjgur
✅ Correct Answer: C) Ziarat
⚡Explanation: Known for apples and the Quaid's residency.
70. Which city is near the Salt Range in Punjab?
A) Chakwal
B) Gujrat
C) Bahawalpur
D) Khanewal
✅ Correct Answer: A) Chakwal
⚡Explanation: Chakwal lies close to the Salt Range hills.
71. Which city is known for a large cement industry in Punjab?
A) Mianwali
B) D.G. Khan
C) Okara
D) Pakpattan
✅ Correct Answer: B) D.G. Khan
⚡Explanation: D.G. Khan Cement is a leading brand.
72. Which city is famous for the “Sibi Mela”?
A) Zhob
B) Quetta
C) Sibi
D) Turbat
✅ Correct Answer: C) Sibi
⚡Explanation: It’s a cultural and livestock fair held annually.
73. Which city is the main economic center of northern Sindh?
A) Nawabshah
B) Sukkur
C) Larkana
D) Shikarpur
 249

✅ Correct Answer: B) Sukkur

⚡Explanation: Sukkur is a key trade and business center.
74. Which city is nearest to the Khewra Salt Mines?
A) Gujrat
B) Chakwal
C) Jhelum
D) Sargodha
✅ Correct Answer: C) Jhelum
⚡Explanation: Khewra Mines are located near Pind Dadan Khan, Jhelum.
75. Which major city is located on the west bank of the Indus River?
A) Lahore
B) Hyderabad
C) Dera Ismail Khan
D) Bahawalpur
✅ Correct Answer: C) Dera Ismail Khan
⚡Explanation: Located in southern KPK along the Indus.

76. Which city in Punjab is famous for the shrine of Baba Farid?
A) Okara
B) Pakpattan
C) Bahawalnagar
D) Sargodha
✅ Correct Answer: B) Pakpattan
⚡Explanation: Baba Farid’s shrine is located in Pakpattan.
77. Which city in Pakistan is known for being a major railway junction in Sindh?
A) Mirpur Khas
B) Khairpur
C) Nawabshah
D) Rohri
✅ Correct Answer: D) Rohri
⚡Explanation: Rohri connects several key rail routes.
78. Which city is located at the junction of the three major rivers of Punjab?
A) Bahawalpur
B) Multan
C) Mithankot
D) D.G. Khan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Mithankot
⚡Explanation: It lies where Indus, Chenab, and Sutlej converge.
79. Which city is known for hosting many defense and air force installations?
A) Mianwali
B) Chaklala
C) Kamra
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D) Sargodha
✅ Correct Answer: D) Sargodha
⚡Explanation: Sargodha is a major PAF base and defense hub.
80. Which city is famous for the Ghanta Ghar (Clock Tower)?
A) Lahore
B) Faisalabad
C) Multan
D) Kasur
✅ Correct Answer: B) Faisalabad
⚡Explanation: The Clock Tower is a historic landmark in the city center.
81. Which city in KPK is famous for the Malakand Pass?
A) Swat
B) Mardan
C) Dargai
D) Kohat
✅ Correct Answer: C) Dargai
⚡Explanation: Malakand Pass is near Dargai in KPK.
82. Which city is a key city in the cotton belt of Punjab?
A) Rahim Yar Khan
B) Okara
C) Jhang
D) Mian Channu
✅ Correct Answer: A) Rahim Yar Khan
⚡Explanation: It’s a major area for cotton and sugarcane.
83. Which Balochistan city is close to the Iran border?
A) Gwadar
B) Chaman
C) Panjgur
D) Taftan
✅ Correct Answer: D) Taftan
⚡Explanation: Taftan is a border crossing with Iran.
84. Which is the largest city in interior Sindh after Hyderabad?
A) Larkana
B) Sukkur
C) Nawabshah
D) Mirpur Khas
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sukkur
⚡Explanation: Sukkur is a major city after Hyderabad.
85. Which city is closest to the Karakoram Highway’s starting point in Pakistan?
A) Abbottabad
B) Hasan Abdal
C) Mansehra
D) Havelian
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Mansehra

⚡Explanation: KKH enters northern areas from Mansehra.
86. Which city is known for the tomb of Noor Jahan?
A) Lahore
B) Multan
C) Gujranwala
D) Bahawalpur
✅ Correct Answer: A) Lahore
⚡Explanation: Empress Noor Jahan is buried in Lahore.
87. Which city has a fort called Derawar Fort?
A) Sadiqabad
B) Bahawalpur
C) Dera Ghazi Khan
D) Bhakkar
✅ Correct Answer: B) Bahawalpur
⚡Explanation: Derawar Fort is located in the Cholistan Desert.
88. Which city is famous for the Quaid-e-Azam’s Residency?
A) Karachi
B) Ziarat
C) Lahore
D) Islamabad
✅ Correct Answer: B) Ziarat
⚡Explanation: The Quaid stayed in Ziarat before his death.
89. Which city is famous for its boundary with Afghanistan at Spin Boldak?
A) Chaman
B) Quetta
C) Zhob
D) Killa Saifullah
✅ Correct Answer: A) Chaman
⚡Explanation: Chaman is a major Pak-Afghan trade crossing.
90. Which city is known for hosting the National Assembly sessions during early years?
A) Rawalpindi
B) Karachi
C) Lahore
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: B) Karachi
⚡Explanation: Karachi was the first capital of Pakistan.
91. Which city is located along the Silk Road in Gilgit-Baltistan?
A) Gilgit
B) Hunza
C) Chilas
D) Astore
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Hunza

⚡Explanation: Hunza is part of the ancient Silk Route.
92. Which city is the gateway to Murree Hills?
A) Rawalpindi
B) Taxila
C) Hasan Abdal
D) Islamabad
✅ Correct Answer: D) Islamabad
⚡Explanation: Murree is accessed through Islamabad via Murree Expressway.
93. Which city lies between River Chenab and River Ravi?
A) Gujrat
B) Toba Tek Singh
C) Sialkot
D) Faisalabad
✅ Correct Answer: D) Faisalabad
⚡Explanation: It is situated between the two rivers.
94. Which city is a major business hub in southern Punjab?
A) Bahawalpur
B) Rahim Yar Khan
C) Multan
D) Vehari
✅ Correct Answer: C) Multan
⚡Explanation: Multan is the main economic center in the region.
95. Which city is famous for its leather and sports goods industry?
A) Sialkot
B) Gujranwala
C) Lahore
D) Kasur
✅ Correct Answer: A) Sialkot
⚡Explanation: Exports large amounts of sports and leather products.
96. Which city is located near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border in KPK?
A) Kohat
B) Bannu
C) Dera Ismail Khan
D) Parachinar
✅ Correct Answer: D) Parachinar
⚡Explanation: Parachinar is near the Kurram border with Afghanistan.
97. Which city is close to the ancient Buddhist site of Takht-i-Bahi?
A) Peshawar
B) Mardan
C) Swabi
D) Charsadda
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Mardan

⚡Explanation: Takht-i-Bahi is a major heritage site in Mardan.
98. Which city in Sindh lies closest to the Indian border?
A) Umerkot
B) Larkana
C) Hyderabad
D) Shikarpur
✅ Correct Answer: A) Umerkot
⚡Explanation: Umerkot is near the eastern border of Sindh.
99. Which city is known as “Mini Lahore” due to its cultural influence?
A) Gujranwala
B) Kasur
C) Faisalabad
D) Sargodha
✅ Correct Answer: C) Faisalabad
⚡Explanation: Faisalabad resembles Lahore in lifestyle and culture.
100. Which city is situated on the bank of the Swat River?
A) Mingora
B) Dir
C) Kohat
D) Buner
✅ Correct Answer: A) Mingora
⚡Explanation: Mingora is the main city of Swat valley along the river.

Natural Resources of Pakistan

1. Where are the largest coal reserves of Pakistan located?
A) Sindh
B) Balochistan
C) Punjab
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: A) Sindh
⚡Explanation: Thar coal field in Sindh is the largest.
2. Khewra Salt Mines are located in which district?
A) Chakwal
B) Jhelum
C) Rawalpindi
D) Islamabad
✅ Correct Answer: A) Chakwal
⚡Explanation: Khewra is the world’s second-largest salt mine.
3. Which mineral is Pakistan the 6th largest producer of in the world?
A) Coal
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B) Salt
C) Copper
D) Gold
✅ Correct Answer: B) Salt
⚡Explanation: Pakistan ranks high globally for salt production.
4. Reko Diq is famous for deposits of:
A) Coal
B) Copper and gold
C) Salt
D) Iron ore
✅ Correct Answer: B) Copper and gold
⚡Explanation: Reko Diq in Balochistan has huge copper and gold reserves.
5. Which province is richest in oil and gas fields?
A) Punjab
B) KPK
C) Sindh
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Sindh
⚡Explanation: Major oil fields are in southern Sindh.
6. The Sui gas field is located in:
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: C) Balochistan
⚡Explanation: Sui is the largest natural gas field of Pakistan.
7. Which mineral is commonly found in the Salt Range?
A) Coal
B) Salt
C) Iron ore
D) Limestone
✅ Correct Answer: B) Salt
⚡Explanation: The Salt Range is famous for salt deposits.
8. Thar Desert is known for which mineral resource?
A) Oil
B) Copper
C) Coal
D) Gold
✅ Correct Answer: C) Coal
⚡Explanation: Thar has large lignite coal deposits.
9. Which mineral resource is abundant in Balochistan’s Saindak area?
A) Gold and copper
B) Coal
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C) Salt
D) Iron
✅ Correct Answer: A) Gold and copper
⚡Explanation: Saindak mines contain copper and gold.
10. Pakistan’s major source of hydrocarbon production is:
A) Oil shale
B) Natural gas
C) Coal
D) Biomass
✅ Correct Answer: B) Natural gas
⚡Explanation: Gas contributes significantly to energy needs.
11. Karakoram forests are mainly composed of:
A) Pine and deodar
B) Mangrove
C) Teak
D) Banyan
✅ Correct Answer: A) Pine and deodar
⚡Explanation: These coniferous trees dominate northern forests.
12. Mangrove forests in Pakistan are primarily found in:
A) Northern Punjab
B) Coastal Sindh and Balochistan
C) Kashmir
D) KPK hills
✅ Correct Answer: B) Coastal Sindh and Balochistan
⚡Explanation: Mangroves protect coastal ecosystems.
13. Pakistan is rich in which non-metallic mineral?
A) Iron
B) Salt
C) Copper
D) Gold
✅ Correct Answer: B) Salt
⚡Explanation: Salt is mined in large quantities.
14. The largest oil refinery of Pakistan is located in:
A) Karachi
B) Lahore
C) Islamabad
D) Quetta
✅ Correct Answer: A) Karachi
⚡Explanation: Karachi hosts major oil refineries.
15. Forests in Pakistan cover approximately what percent of land?
A) 10%
B) 5%
C) 2%
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D) 25%
✅ Correct Answer: B) 5%
⚡Explanation: Pakistan’s forest cover is low compared to world average.
16. Chagai Hills in Balochistan are known for:
A) Coal mining
B) Copper and gold deposits
C) Natural gas reserves
D) Salt mining
✅ Correct Answer: B) Copper and gold deposits
⚡Explanation: Part of the mineral-rich Chagai district.
17. Oil and gas exploration in Pakistan began primarily in:
A) 1950s
B) 1970s
C) 1930s
D) 1990s
✅ Correct Answer: A) 1950s
⚡Explanation: Exploration began post-independence.
18. Which mineral is extensively used in Pakistan’s cement industry?
A) Gypsum
B) Salt
C) Coal
D) Limestone
✅ Correct Answer: D) Limestone
⚡Explanation: Limestone is a key ingredient for cement.
19. The Sui gas field began production in:
A) 1952
B) 1947
C) 1960
D) 1971
✅ Correct Answer: A) 1952
⚡Explanation: It marked Pakistan’s entry into natural gas production.
20. Pakistan exports which mineral to many countries?
A) Coal
B) Salt
C) Copper
D) Marble
✅ Correct Answer: D) Marble
⚡Explanation: Marble is a significant export from KPK and Punjab.
21. Khewra salt is mainly used for:
A) Industrial chemicals
B) Edible table salt
C) Fertilizers
D) Construction
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Edible table salt

⚡Explanation: It’s widely consumed domestically and exported.
22. Which resource is Pakistan increasingly exploring for energy?
A) Uranium
B) Hydropower
C) Solar energy
D) Biomass
✅ Correct Answer: B) Hydropower
⚡Explanation: Pakistan has many rivers for hydropower projects.
23. Pakistan’s coal reserves mainly consist of:
A) Anthracite
B) Lignite
C) Bituminous
D) Peat
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lignite
⚡Explanation: Thar coal is lignite, a low-grade coal.
24. Which forest type is found in the Chitral region?
A) Tropical rainforest
B) Alpine coniferous
C) Mangrove
D) Deciduous
✅ Correct Answer: B) Alpine coniferous
⚡Explanation: Cold climate supports coniferous trees.
25. The main challenge facing Pakistan’s forest resources is:
A) Overplanting
B) Deforestation
C) Flooding
D) Soil erosion
✅ Correct Answer: B) Deforestation
⚡Explanation: Illegal logging and urbanization reduce forest cover.

26. Which province has the largest reserves of natural gas?

A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh
⚡Explanation: Major gas fields like Mari and Sui are in Sindh.
27. Pakistan’s major source of petroleum products is:
A) Imported crude oil
B) Domestic oil fields
C) Coal liquefaction
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D) Natural gas conversion

✅ Correct Answer: A) Imported crude oil
⚡Explanation: Domestic oil is limited; Pakistan imports most crude.
28. Which mineral is found in the Dera Ghazi Khan region?
A) Coal
B) Limestone
C) Copper
D) Salt
✅ Correct Answer: B) Limestone
⚡Explanation: The area is known for cement-grade limestone.
29. The Ziarat juniper forests are located in which province?
A) Punjab
B) KPK
C) Balochistan
D) Sindh
✅ Correct Answer: C) Balochistan
⚡Explanation: Ziarat has some of the oldest juniper trees.
30. Which natural resource is extracted from the Salt Range?
A) Petroleum
B) Coal
C) Salt
D) Gold
✅ Correct Answer: C) Salt
⚡Explanation: The Salt Range is famous for its salt deposits.
31. Pakistan’s largest oil field is:
A) Tal Block
B) Mari Field
C) Sui Field
D) Kandhkot Field
✅ Correct Answer: B) Mari Field
⚡Explanation: Mari gas field is the biggest in Pakistan.
32. Which city is famous for its forest resources and pine trees?
A) Abbottabad
B) Islamabad
C) Gilgit
D) Swat
✅ Correct Answer: A) Abbottabad
⚡Explanation: Abbottabad region has extensive pine forests.
33. The coal found in Thar is mainly:
A) Anthracite
B) Bituminous
C) Lignite
D) Peat
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Lignite

⚡Explanation: Thar coal is low-grade lignite type.
34. Which region is known for its rich chromite deposits?
A) Malakand
B) Chagai
C) Kohistan
D) Kalat
✅ Correct Answer: A) Malakand
⚡Explanation: Malakand has significant chromite resources.
35. Pakistan’s main forest type in the northern mountains is:
A) Tropical
B) Coniferous
C) Deciduous
D) Mangrove
✅ Correct Answer: B) Coniferous
⚡Explanation: Pine, fir, and deodar dominate northern forests.
36. The most common fuel source in rural Pakistan is:
A) Coal
B) Firewood
C) Natural gas
D) Electricity
✅ Correct Answer: B) Firewood
⚡Explanation: Rural areas rely on wood for cooking and heating.
37. The largest oil refinery in Pakistan is located at:
A) Karachi
B) Multan
C) Lahore
D) Quetta
✅ Correct Answer: A) Karachi
⚡Explanation: Karachi hosts major oil refining facilities.
38. Copper mining in Pakistan is mainly concentrated in:
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) KPK
✅ Correct Answer: C) Balochistan
⚡Explanation: Saindak and Reko Diq are in Balochistan.
39. Which mineral is essential for the cement industry and found in Pakistan?
A) Coal
B) Limestone
C) Salt
D) Gold
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Limestone

⚡Explanation: Limestone is a key raw material for cement.
40. Pakistan’s forest cover is approximately:
A) 1%
B) 5%
C) 15%
D) 25%
✅ Correct Answer: B) 5%
⚡Explanation: Forests cover about 5% of Pakistan’s land.
41. Which mineral resource is mined extensively in Gilgit-Baltistan?
A) Gold
B) Salt
C) Iron ore
D) Marble
✅ Correct Answer: D) Marble
⚡Explanation: Gilgit-Baltistan has abundant high-quality marble.
42. The major oil-producing basin in Pakistan is:
A) Indus Basin
B) Thar Basin
C) Kirthar Basin
D) Potwar Basin
✅ Correct Answer: D) Potwar Basin
⚡Explanation: Potwar Plateau is rich in oil and gas.
43. Forest resources in Pakistan are mainly threatened by:
A) Industrial pollution
B) Overgrazing and deforestation
C) Floods
D) Urban expansion only
✅ Correct Answer: B) Overgrazing and deforestation
⚡Explanation: These reduce forest density and health.
44. Which mineral is Pakistan not a significant producer of?
A) Copper
B) Gold
C) Diamond
D) Salt
✅ Correct Answer: C) Diamond
⚡Explanation: Pakistan does not have significant diamond mining.
45. The main source of energy from minerals in Pakistan is:
A) Coal and natural gas
B) Gold and copper
C) Salt and limestone
D) Iron and manganese
 261

✅ Correct Answer: A) Coal and natural gas

⚡Explanation: These are key energy minerals.
46. Mangrove forests in Pakistan help in:
A) Preventing soil erosion
B) Increasing desert area
C) Reducing fish stocks
D) Deforestation
✅ Correct Answer: A) Preventing soil erosion
⚡Explanation: Mangroves stabilize coastal areas.
47. The mineral extracted from the Chagai district is:
A) Salt
B) Copper
C) Coal
D) Limestone
✅ Correct Answer: B) Copper
⚡Explanation: Chagai is rich in copper deposits.
48. Which natural disaster most affects Pakistan’s forest areas?
A) Floods
B) Earthquakes
C) Drought
D) Tornadoes
✅ Correct Answer: A) Floods
⚡Explanation: Flooding damages many forest regions.
49. Pakistan’s first oil refinery was established in:
A) 1948
B) 1957
C) 1965
D) 1972
✅ Correct Answer: A) 1948
⚡Explanation: Pakistan started oil refining soon after independence.
50. Which of the following is Pakistan’s main mineral export?
A) Coal
B) Salt
C) Marble
D) Copper
✅ Correct Answer: C) Marble
⚡Explanation: Marble is a significant export product.

51. Pakistan’s major source of hydrocarbon energy is:

A) Coal
B) Oil
C) Natural gas
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D) Biomass
✅ Correct Answer: C) Natural gas
⚡Explanation: Natural gas is Pakistan’s primary energy source.
52. Which province has the highest forest area in Pakistan?
A) Punjab
B) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
C) Balochistan
D) Sindh
✅ Correct Answer: B) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
⚡Explanation: KPK has the largest forested region.
53. The mineral used in steel production, abundant in Pakistan, is:
A) Copper
B) Iron ore
C) Coal
D) Gold
✅ Correct Answer: B) Iron ore
⚡Explanation: Pakistan has iron ore deposits though not extensively mined.
54. Which desert in Pakistan contains coal deposits?
A) Thar Desert
B) Cholistan Desert
C) Kharan Desert
D) Thal Desert
✅ Correct Answer: A) Thar Desert
⚡Explanation: Thar has one of the world’s largest coal fields.
55. Pakistan’s first coal mine was opened in:
A) 1860s
B) 1920s
C) 1947
D) 1960s
✅ Correct Answer: A) 1860s
⚡Explanation: Early coal mining began during British rule.
56. Which mineral resource is found in the Quetta region?
A) Coal
B) Copper
C) Gypsum
D) Limestone
✅ Correct Answer: C) Gypsum
⚡Explanation: Gypsum deposits are located near Quetta.
57. Pakistan’s major oil imports come from:
A) Russia
B) Saudi Arabia
C) USA
D) China
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Saudi Arabia

⚡Explanation: Saudi Arabia is a key oil supplier to Pakistan.
58. Which natural resource is abundant in the Potohar Plateau?
A) Oil and gas
B) Coal
C) Salt
D) Gold
✅ Correct Answer: A) Oil and gas
⚡Explanation: Potohar Plateau has rich hydrocarbon fields.
59. Pakistan’s largest forest ecosystem is:
A) Mangrove forests
B) Himalayan coniferous forests
C) Thar Desert vegetation
D) Tropical rainforests
✅ Correct Answer: B) Himalayan coniferous forests
⚡Explanation: Northern mountains have dense coniferous forests.
60. Which region is famous for its mineral salt deposits apart from Salt Range?
A) Khewra
B) Karakoram
C) Ranikot
D) Hazara
✅ Correct Answer: A) Khewra
⚡Explanation: Khewra Salt Mines are the largest in Pakistan.
61. Which mineral is extracted from the Kalabagh area?
A) Coal
B) Salt
C) Oil
D) Limestone
✅ Correct Answer: D) Limestone
⚡Explanation: Kalabagh area is known for limestone deposits.
62. What percentage of Pakistan’s land is arid or semi-arid?
A) 30%
B) 50%
C) 60%
D) 80%
✅ Correct Answer: C) 60%
⚡Explanation: Majority of Pakistan’s land is arid or semi-arid.
63. The largest natural gas field in Pakistan is:
A) Mari
B) Sui
C) Kandhkot
D) Badin
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Sui

⚡Explanation: Sui gas field is the oldest and largest.
64. Which mineral is mined in the Chagai district?
A) Gold
B) Copper
C) Both gold and copper
D) Salt
✅ Correct Answer: C) Both gold and copper
⚡Explanation: Chagai is rich in both minerals.
65. Which province has the highest potential for forest development?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) KPK
✅ Correct Answer: D) KPK
⚡Explanation: KPK’s climate favors forest growth.
66. Pakistan’s coal reserves are mainly found in:
A) Punjab and Sindh
B) Sindh and Balochistan
C) KPK and Punjab
D) Balochistan and KPK
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh and Balochistan
⚡Explanation: Thar coal is in Sindh; Quetta coal in Balochistan.
67. Pakistan’s largest forest plantation project is in:
A) Changa Manga
B) Ayubia
C) Margalla Hills
D) Murree
✅ Correct Answer: A) Changa Manga
⚡Explanation: Changa Manga is one of the largest man-made forests.
68. Which mineral resource is abundant in the Duki area?
A) Copper
B) Coal
C) Iron ore
D) Gold
✅ Correct Answer: B) Coal
⚡Explanation: Duki in Balochistan has coal mines.
69. Which city is known as the “City of Trees” due to its greenery?
A) Islamabad
B) Peshawar
C) Sialkot
D) Faisalabad
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Islamabad

⚡Explanation: Islamabad has well-planned green spaces.
70. Which mineral is not commonly found in Pakistan?
A) Gold
B) Diamond
C) Copper
D) Coal
✅ Correct Answer: B) Diamond
⚡Explanation: Pakistan lacks significant diamond deposits.
71. Which of the following forests are endangered in Pakistan?
A) Mangrove
B) Pine
C) Oak
D) Deodar
✅ Correct Answer: A) Mangrove
⚡Explanation: Mangroves face threats from coastal development.
72. The main purpose of Pakistan’s forest resources is:
A) Timber and fuelwood
B) Mining
C) Urban development
D) Agriculture
✅ Correct Answer: A) Timber and fuelwood
⚡Explanation: Forests provide wood for many uses.
73. The mineral gypsum is primarily used in:
A) Cement and plaster
B) Jewelry
C) Fertilizers
D) Electronics
✅ Correct Answer: A) Cement and plaster
⚡Explanation: Gypsum is a key ingredient in construction.
74. Which mountain range has rich deposits of minerals in Pakistan?
A) Himalayas
B) Karakoram
C) Hindu Kush
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of the above
⚡Explanation: All mountain ranges have various mineral deposits.
75. The largest forest cover in Pakistan is found in:
A) Northern Areas
B) Punjab
C) KPK
D) Balochistan
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✅ Correct Answer: C) KPK

⚡Explanation: KPK has extensive forested hills.

76. Which mineral is Pakistan’s leading export in terms of value?

A) Coal
B) Salt
C) Marble
D) Copper
✅ Correct Answer: C) Marble
⚡Explanation: Marble is a valuable export commodity.
77. The “Khewra Salt Mines” are located in:
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) KPK
✅ Correct Answer: A) Punjab
⚡Explanation: Khewra Salt Mines are in Punjab’s Salt Range.
78. Which region is famous for oil refining in Pakistan?
A) Karachi
B) Lahore
C) Quetta
D) Islamabad
✅ Correct Answer: A) Karachi
⚡Explanation: Karachi hosts major oil refineries.
79. Pakistan’s largest forest reserve is:
A) Margalla Hills National Park
B) Ayubia National Park
C) Changa Manga Forest
D) Hingol National Park
✅ Correct Answer: C) Changa Manga Forest
⚡Explanation: It’s one of the largest planted forests.
80. Which province is richest in mineral resources?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) KPK
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: D) Balochistan
⚡Explanation: Balochistan has vast mineral wealth including copper and gold.
81. What type of coal is found in Pakistan’s Thar coalfield?
A) Anthracite
B) Bituminous
C) Lignite
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D) Peat
✅ Correct Answer: C) Lignite
⚡Explanation: Thar coal is mostly lignite, a low-grade coal.
82. Pakistan’s forest areas contribute mainly to:
A) Agriculture expansion
B) Biodiversity and climate regulation
C) Urban development
D) Industrial waste disposal
✅ Correct Answer: B) Biodiversity and climate regulation
⚡Explanation: Forests help maintain ecological balance.
83. The mineral gypsum in Pakistan is mainly used in:
A) Jewelry
B) Fertilizers
C) Cement and plaster
D) Electronics
✅ Correct Answer: C) Cement and plaster
⚡Explanation: Gypsum is important in construction materials.
84. Which mineral resource is associated with the Saindak project?
A) Salt
B) Copper and gold
C) Coal
D) Oil
✅ Correct Answer: B) Copper and gold
⚡Explanation: Saindak is a major copper-gold mining site.
85. The forest type commonly found in Balochistan is:
A) Tropical
B) Mangrove
C) Dry coniferous
D) Deciduous
✅ Correct Answer: C) Dry coniferous
⚡Explanation: Balochistan has dry mountain forests.
86. Pakistan’s mineral-rich plateau is:
A) Potohar Plateau
B) Balochistan Plateau
C) Deccan Plateau
D) Thar Desert
✅ Correct Answer: B) Balochistan Plateau
⚡Explanation: It contains large mineral deposits.
87. Pakistan’s major coal deposits are found in:
A) Punjab and KPK
B) Sindh and Balochistan
C) Punjab and Sindh
D) KPK and Balochistan
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh and Balochistan

⚡Explanation: Thar coal in Sindh and Quetta coal in Balochistan.
88. Which of the following is NOT a major oil-producing region in Pakistan?
A) Sui
B) Mari
C) Kandhkot
D) Potohar Plateau
✅ Correct Answer: D) Potohar Plateau
⚡Explanation: Potohar is more known for gas, less for oil.
89. Pakistan’s salt production mainly comes from:
A) Thar Desert
B) Khewra Salt Mines
C) Quetta
D) Karakoram Range
✅ Correct Answer: B) Khewra Salt Mines
⚡Explanation: Khewra is the main source of salt.
90. Which of the following natural resources is most crucial for Pakistan’s energy
sector?
A) Copper
B) Natural gas
C) Gold
D) Limestone
✅ Correct Answer: B) Natural gas
⚡Explanation: Natural gas is Pakistan’s energy backbone.
91. Which of these is a major challenge for forest conservation in Pakistan?
A) Urbanization
B) Overgrazing and deforestation
C) Excess rainfall
D) Mining activities
✅ Correct Answer: B) Overgrazing and deforestation
⚡Explanation: These cause forest degradation.
92. The mineral resource that is important for cement manufacturing is:
A) Salt
B) Gypsum
C) Coal
D) Gold
✅ Correct Answer: B) Gypsum
⚡Explanation: Gypsum is used to control cement setting time.
93. The mineral-rich region of Reko Diq is located in:
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) KPK
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Balochistan

⚡Explanation: Reko Diq is a famous copper and gold site.
94. Which natural resource in Pakistan helps prevent coastal erosion?
A) Mangrove forests
B) Coniferous forests
C) Desert vegetation
D) Grasslands
✅ Correct Answer: A) Mangrove forests
⚡Explanation: Mangroves protect coastlines.
95. Pakistan’s most significant mineral export is:
A) Coal
B) Salt
C) Marble
D) Iron ore
✅ Correct Answer: C) Marble
⚡Explanation: Marble is widely exported.
96. The major natural gas reserves of Pakistan are located in:
A) Thar Desert
B) Potwar Plateau and Sindh
C) Balochistan Plateau
D) Punjab Plains
✅ Correct Answer: B) Potwar Plateau and Sindh
⚡Explanation: Both areas have large gas fields.
97. Which natural disaster frequently affects Pakistan’s mineral-rich northern areas?
A) Floods
B) Earthquakes
C) Drought
D) Hurricanes
✅ Correct Answer: B) Earthquakes
⚡Explanation: Northern Pakistan lies in a seismic zone.
98. Pakistan’s first oil refinery was established in:
A) 1950
B) 1948
C) 1965
D) 1970
✅ Correct Answer: B) 1948
⚡Explanation: Shortly after independence.
99. Which mineral resource extraction contributes to Pakistan’s industrial growth?
A) Copper and coal
B) Salt and gypsum
C) Gold and diamond
D) Limestone and marble
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Copper and coal

⚡Explanation: Important for energy and manufacturing.
100. Which of these provinces has the smallest forest cover?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) KPK
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh
⚡Explanation: Sindh has limited forest areas.

Water Resources and Irrigation

1. The main source of water for Pakistan's agriculture is:
A) Rainwater
B) Indus River System
C) Underground wells
D) Glaciers
✅ Correct Answer: B) Indus River System
⚡ Explanation: The Indus Basin Irrigation System is Pakistan's lifeline for agriculture.
2. Which is the largest dam in Pakistan?
A) Mangla Dam
B) Tarbela Dam
C) Diamer-Bhasha Dam
D) Warsak Dam
✅ Correct Answer: B) Tarbela Dam
⚡ Explanation: Tarbela is the largest earth-filled dam on the Indus River.
3. The Indus Waters Treaty was signed between Pakistan and:
A) Afghanistan
B) India
C) China
D) Iran
✅ Correct Answer: B) India
⚡ Explanation: The treaty governs sharing of Indus River waters.
4. The Mangla Dam is built on which river?
A) Chenab
B) Jhelum
C) Ravi
D) Sutlej
✅ Correct Answer: B) Jhelum
⚡ Explanation: Mangla Dam is located on the Jhelum River.
5. Which of the following rivers is NOT part of the Indus Basin?
A) Chenab
B) Sutlej
C) Ravi
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D) Ganges
✅ Correct Answer: D) Ganges
⚡ Explanation: Ganges flows primarily through India and Bangladesh.
6. Diamer-Bhasha Dam is being constructed on the:
A) Jhelum River
B) Chenab River
C) Indus River
D) Kabul River
✅ Correct Answer: C) Indus River
⚡ Explanation: It is a major upcoming dam on the Indus River.
7. Which dam provides water storage for both irrigation and hydroelectric power?
A) Warsak Dam
B) Mangla Dam
C) Tarbela Dam
D) Ghazi Barotha
✅ Correct Answer: C) Tarbela Dam
⚡ Explanation: Tarbela is multipurpose dam for water and power.
8. The main purpose of the Indus Basin Irrigation System is:
A) Flood control
B) Provide drinking water
C) Irrigation for agriculture
D) Navigation
✅ Correct Answer: C) Irrigation for agriculture
⚡ Explanation: It supports Pakistan’s agriculture through irrigation canals.
9. Which canal is a major part of the Indus Basin Irrigation System?
A) Gang Canal
B) Lahore Canal
C) Upper Chenab Canal
D) Nile Canal
✅ Correct Answer: C) Upper Chenab Canal
⚡ Explanation: It is a key canal in the irrigation system.
10. The Indus Waters Treaty divides river waters between India and Pakistan based on:
A) Equal share
B) River origin
C) Eastern and western rivers
D) Seasonal flow
✅ Correct Answer: C) Eastern and western rivers
⚡ Explanation: Western rivers allocated to Pakistan; eastern to India.
11. Which province in Pakistan uses the largest share of Indus water?
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Punjab

⚡ Explanation: Punjab is the largest agricultural province.
12. The main function of dams like Mangla and Tarbela is to:
A) Control floods and generate electricity
B) Improve drinking water supply
C) Provide recreational facilities
D) Promote fisheries
✅ Correct Answer: A) Control floods and generate electricity
⚡ Explanation: They serve for flood control and hydropower.
13. The Indus Basin Irrigation System is also called:
A) The lifeline of Pakistan
B) The desert irrigation system
C) The underground canal system
D) The mountain irrigation project
✅ Correct Answer: A) The lifeline of Pakistan
⚡ Explanation: It irrigates millions of acres, vital for Pakistan’s economy.
14. Which of the following is NOT a challenge facing Pakistan's water resources?
A) Water pollution
B) Overuse of groundwater
C) Rising sea levels
D) Water sharing disputes
✅ Correct Answer: C) Rising sea levels
⚡ Explanation: Sea level rise affects coastal areas but less on inland water resources.
15. Which dam on the Kabul River supplies water to Peshawar?
A) Warsak Dam
B) Tarbela Dam
C) Mangla Dam
D) Diamer-Bhasha Dam
✅ Correct Answer: A) Warsak Dam
⚡ Explanation: Warsak Dam is located on the Kabul River near Peshawar.
16. Which of these rivers is the longest in Pakistan?
A) Chenab
B) Jhelum
C) Ravi
D) Indus
✅ Correct Answer: D) Indus
⚡ Explanation: Indus River is the longest river in Pakistan.
17. Which part of Pakistan receives the least amount of rainfall?
A) Northern areas
B) Punjab plains
C) Thar Desert
D) Coastal Sindh
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Thar Desert

⚡ Explanation: Thar Desert is arid with very low rainfall.
18. The water-sharing agreement of 1960 is known as:
A) Indus Waters Treaty
B) Tarbela Accord
C) Punjab Water Pact
D) Karachi Agreement
✅ Correct Answer: A) Indus Waters Treaty
⚡ Explanation: Signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan.
19. Which major dam is located on the Jhelum River?
A) Tarbela
B) Mangla
C) Warsak
D) Hub
✅ Correct Answer: B) Mangla
⚡ Explanation: Mangla Dam is constructed on Jhelum River.
20. Which sector is the biggest consumer of water in Pakistan?
A) Domestic
B) Industrial
C) Agricultural
D) Hydroelectric
✅ Correct Answer: C) Agricultural
⚡ Explanation: Agriculture uses about 90% of water resources.
21. The main canal system of the Indus Basin is based on:
A) Gravity flow
B) Pumping stations
C) Rainwater harvesting
D) Desalination
✅ Correct Answer: A) Gravity flow
⚡ Explanation: Canals mostly rely on gravity for water movement.
22. Which dam is under construction to increase water storage capacity?
A) Tarbela
B) Diamer-Bhasha
C) Mangla
D) Warsak
✅ Correct Answer: B) Diamer-Bhasha
⚡ Explanation: Diamer-Bhasha Dam is a major project underway.
23. The annual flood season in Pakistan is usually caused by:
A) Monsoon rains
B) Snowmelt only
C) Cyclones
D) Tsunamis
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Monsoon rains

⚡ Explanation: Heavy monsoon rains cause flooding each year.
24. The Indus Basin Irrigation System was developed during:
A) British colonial period
B) After independence
C) Mughal era
D) Post 2000
✅ Correct Answer: A) British colonial period
⚡ Explanation: The system was built by British engineers.
25. Which dam is located on the Chenab River?
A) Mangla
B) Tarbela
C) Marala
D) Diamer-Bhasha
✅ Correct Answer: C) Marala
⚡ Explanation: Marala Barrage is on the Chenab River.

26. Which river provides the most water for the Indus Basin Irrigation System?
A) Chenab
B) Jhelum
C) Indus
D) Ravi
✅ Correct Answer: C) Indus
⚡ Explanation: The Indus River is the largest contributor.
27. Which province benefits most from the Mangla Dam?
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Punjab
⚡ Explanation: Punjab uses much water from Mangla for irrigation.
28. The Indus Waters Treaty allows Pakistan to use which rivers fully?
A) Eastern rivers
B) Western rivers
C) Both eastern and western
D) None
✅ Correct Answer: B) Western rivers
⚡ Explanation: Western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) allocated to Pakistan.
29. Which dam in Pakistan is an earth-filled dam?
A) Mangla
B) Tarbela
C) Diamer-Bhasha
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D) Hub
✅ Correct Answer: B) Tarbela
⚡ Explanation: Tarbela is one of the largest earth-filled dams globally.
30. Which river is NOT controlled by the Indus Basin Irrigation System?
A) Sutlej
B) Kabul
C) Ravi
D) Ganges
✅ Correct Answer: D) Ganges
⚡ Explanation: Ganges flows outside Pakistan.
31. Which dam is planned to provide electricity and irrigation for northern Pakistan?
A) Warsak
B) Diamer-Bhasha
C) Mangla
D) Tarbela
✅ Correct Answer: B) Diamer-Bhasha
⚡ Explanation: It will supply water and power in northern areas.
32. Water storage capacity of Tarbela Dam helps in:
A) Increasing groundwater recharge
B) Flood control and electricity
C) Drinking water only
D) Fisheries
✅ Correct Answer: B) Flood control and electricity
⚡ Explanation: It regulates floods and produces hydroelectric power.
33. Which river joins the Indus near Mithankot?
A) Ravi
B) Chenab
C) Sutlej
D) Jhelum
✅ Correct Answer: C) Sutlej
⚡ Explanation: Sutlej meets the Indus in southern Punjab.
34. Which city is closest to the Tarbela Dam?
A) Islamabad
B) Peshawar
C) Lahore
D) Faisalabad
✅ Correct Answer: A) Islamabad
⚡ Explanation: Tarbela is near Islamabad in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
35. What is the primary cause of waterlogging in Pakistan’s irrigated areas?
A) Excess rainfall
B) Poor drainage of irrigation water
C) River flooding
D) Desertification
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Poor drainage of irrigation water

⚡ Explanation: Inefficient drainage causes waterlogging.
36. Which Pakistani province has the largest share of Indus water but faces water
scarcity?
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) KPK
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: A) Sindh
⚡ Explanation: Sindh receives less water due to upstream usage.
37. Which canal links the Chenab and Jhelum rivers?
A) Rasul-Qadirabad Canal
B) Upper Chenab Canal
C) Lower Jhelum Canal
D) Rasul Canal
✅ Correct Answer: A) Rasul-Qadirabad Canal
⚡ Explanation: It connects the Chenab and Jhelum rivers.
38. Which of the following dams is primarily used for flood control in Pakistan?
A) Tarbela
B) Mangla
C) Warsak
D) Hub
✅ Correct Answer: A) Tarbela
⚡ Explanation: Tarbela controls floods on the Indus River.
39. The main canal for irrigation in Punjab is:
A) Upper Jhelum Canal
B) Upper Chenab Canal
C) Lower Bari Doab Canal
D) Kabul Canal
✅ Correct Answer: C) Lower Bari Doab Canal
⚡ Explanation: It irrigates a large part of Punjab.
40. The Indus Basin Irrigation System was mainly developed by:
A) Pakistan Government
B) British during colonial rule
C) United Nations
D) China
✅ Correct Answer: B) British during colonial rule
⚡ Explanation: It was a British engineering project.
41. Which natural disaster causes damage to dams in Pakistan?
A) Earthquakes
B) Hurricanes
C) Tornadoes
D) Tsunamis
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Earthquakes

⚡ Explanation: Earthquakes pose risks to dam structures.
42. Which river crosses into Pakistan from Afghanistan?
A) Jhelum
B) Kabul
C) Ravi
D) Sutlej
✅ Correct Answer: B) Kabul
⚡ Explanation: Kabul River flows from Afghanistan into Pakistan.
43. The main problem affecting Pakistan’s water resources is:
A) Overabundance of water
B) Pollution and mismanagement
C) Too many rivers
D) Water conservation
✅ Correct Answer: B) Pollution and mismanagement
⚡ Explanation: Water pollution and poor management are major issues.
44. Which dam in Pakistan was constructed first?
A) Tarbela
B) Mangla
C) Warsak
D) Hub
✅ Correct Answer: C) Warsak
⚡ Explanation: Warsak Dam was built in 1960s.
45. Which river flows through the Punjab province and is part of the Indus system?
A) Chenab
B) Ravi
C) Jhelum
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of the above
⚡ Explanation: All three are major rivers of Punjab.
46. The major irrigation canals distribute water by:
A) Underground pipes
B) Open canals and channels
C) Tankers
D) Rain harvesting
✅ Correct Answer: B) Open canals and channels
⚡ Explanation: Traditional irrigation uses open canals.
47. Water-sharing disputes with India mainly involve:
A) Eastern rivers
B) Western rivers
C) Coastal waters
D) Underground aquifers
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Eastern rivers

⚡ Explanation: Eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) mostly controlled by India.
48. Which dam is used to regulate water flow for the Indus Basin?
A) Tarbela
B) Mangla
C) Warsak
D) Hub
✅ Correct Answer: A) Tarbela
⚡ Explanation: Tarbela regulates flow and storage for irrigation.
49. Pakistan’s irrigation system primarily depends on:
A) Rainwater harvesting
B) River water and canal networks
C) Underground reservoirs
D) Desalination plants
✅ Correct Answer: B) River water and canal networks
⚡ Explanation: River water is distributed via canals.
50. The water crisis in Pakistan is mainly due to:
A) Climate change and population growth
B) Excess rainfall
C) Too many rivers
D) Lack of dams
✅ Correct Answer: A) Climate change and population growth
⚡ Explanation: These factors increase water demand and scarcity.

51. Which of the following is the largest river basin in Pakistan?

A) Indus Basin
B) Ganges Basin
C) Brahmaputra Basin
D) Tarim Basin
✅ Correct Answer: A) Indus Basin
⚡ Explanation: The Indus Basin covers most of Pakistan.
52. Which dam is located near Islamabad?
A) Mangla
B) Tarbela
C) Warsak
D) Hub
✅ Correct Answer: B) Tarbela
⚡ Explanation: Tarbela Dam is near Islamabad.
53. The Thal Canal draws water from which river?
A) Indus
B) Chenab
C) Ravi
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D) Jhelum
✅ Correct Answer: A) Indus
⚡ Explanation: Thal Canal is fed by the Indus River.
54. Which province has the least access to water resources?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: C) Balochistan
⚡ Explanation: Balochistan is arid with limited river water.
55. The main aim of the Indus Basin Project was to:
A) Generate electricity only
B) Provide irrigation water and control floods
C) Promote fisheries
D) Build highways
✅ Correct Answer: B) Provide irrigation water and control floods
⚡ Explanation: It ensures water for agriculture and flood control.
56. Which of the following rivers is the easternmost in Pakistan?
A) Indus
B) Ravi
C) Chenab
D) Jhelum
✅ Correct Answer: B) Ravi
⚡ Explanation: Ravi flows closest to India-Pakistan border in the east.
57. The majority of Pakistan’s drinking water comes from:
A) Rainwater
B) River and groundwater
C) Desalination
D) Bottled water
✅ Correct Answer: B) River and groundwater
⚡ Explanation: Most drinking water is sourced from rivers and wells.
58. Which of these is a major challenge for irrigation canals?
A) Siltation and sediment buildup
B) Excess rainfall
C) High salinity levels only
D) Lack of water
✅ Correct Answer: A) Siltation and sediment buildup
⚡ Explanation: Sediment clogs canals reducing water flow.
59. Mangla Dam is important for:
A) Hydroelectric power and irrigation
B) Only flood control
C) Only navigation
D) Coastal defense
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Hydroelectric power and irrigation

⚡ Explanation: It supplies water and power.
60. Which province largely relies on groundwater for irrigation?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: C) Balochistan
⚡ Explanation: Due to lack of surface water, Balochistan uses groundwater.
61. Which natural disaster frequently affects water infrastructure in Pakistan?
A) Earthquakes
B) Tornadoes
C) Hurricanes
D) Volcanic eruptions
✅ Correct Answer: A) Earthquakes
⚡ Explanation: Earthquakes damage dams and canals.
62. The 'Ghazi Barotha' project is associated with:
A) Hydroelectric power generation
B) Flood control
C) Irrigation canals
D) Water purification
✅ Correct Answer: A) Hydroelectric power generation
⚡ Explanation: It’s a hydropower project on the Indus River.
63. Which river is known as the 'lifeline of Sindh'?
A) Ravi
B) Chenab
C) Indus
D) Jhelum
✅ Correct Answer: C) Indus
⚡ Explanation: Indus River sustains agriculture in Sindh.
64. Which irrigation method wastes the least water?
A) Flood irrigation
B) Drip irrigation
C) Canal irrigation
D) Sprinkler irrigation
✅ Correct Answer: B) Drip irrigation
⚡ Explanation: Drip irrigation delivers water directly to plants.
65. Which major Pakistani city is located on the Indus River?
A) Lahore
B) Karachi
C) Sukkur
D) Islamabad
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Sukkur

⚡ Explanation: Sukkur is an important city on the Indus River.
66. The Indus Basin Irrigation System is also important for:
A) Transport of goods
B) Fishing industry
C) Recharge of groundwater
D) Recreational activities
✅ Correct Answer: C) Recharge of groundwater
⚡ Explanation: Canals help refill underground water sources.
67. Which river crosses the Pakistan-Afghanistan border?
A) Kabul River
B) Chenab
C) Sutlej
D) Ravi
✅ Correct Answer: A) Kabul River
⚡ Explanation: Kabul River flows from Afghanistan into Pakistan.
68. Which dam was constructed in the 1960s to support irrigation and power
generation?
A) Warsak
B) Mangla
C) Tarbela
D) Hub
✅ Correct Answer: B) Mangla
⚡ Explanation: Mangla Dam was built in the 1960s on Jhelum River.
69. The Indus Waters Treaty was signed in:
A) 1950
B) 1960
C) 1970
D) 1980
✅ Correct Answer: B) 1960
⚡ Explanation: The treaty was signed in 1960.
70. Which of these provinces has the largest irrigated area?
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: B) Punjab
⚡ Explanation: Punjab is the breadbasket with largest irrigated land.
71. Flood irrigation is mostly practiced in:
A) Urban areas
B) Deserts
C) Agricultural fields
D) Mountains
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Agricultural fields

⚡ Explanation: Flood irrigation is common in farming.
72. Pakistan’s water resources are mostly replenished during:
A) Winter snowfall
B) Summer monsoon
C) Autumn rains
D) Spring floods
✅ Correct Answer: B) Summer monsoon
⚡ Explanation: Monsoon rains are major water source.
73. The Indus Basin irrigation system covers how many acres approximately?
A) 10 million acres
B) 20 million acres
C) 30 million acres
D) 40 million acres
✅ Correct Answer: B) 20 million acres
⚡ Explanation: It irrigates about 20 million acres.
74. Which of these is NOT a major river in Pakistan?
A) Jhelum
B) Chenab
C) Amazon
D) Ravi
✅ Correct Answer: C) Amazon
⚡ Explanation: Amazon is in South America.
75. Which province depends most on Indus river water?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh
⚡ Explanation: Sindh relies heavily on Indus for irrigation.
76. Which of the following rivers is part of the western rivers system in Pakistan?
A) Ravi
B) Chenab
C) Indus
D) Beas
✅ Correct Answer: C) Indus
⚡ Explanation: Indus is a western river allocated to Pakistan.
77. Which province has the largest number of dams in Pakistan?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
D) Balochistan
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

⚡ Explanation: KPK has many small and medium dams.
78. The main purpose of the Hub Dam is to supply water to:
A) Karachi and nearby areas
B) Islamabad
C) Lahore
D) Quetta
✅ Correct Answer: A) Karachi and nearby areas
⚡ Explanation: Hub Dam supplies drinking water to Karachi.
79. Which is the largest man-made reservoir in Pakistan?
A) Mangla Reservoir
B) Tarbela Reservoir
C) Warsak Reservoir
D) Chashma Reservoir
✅ Correct Answer: B) Tarbela Reservoir
⚡ Explanation: Tarbela is the largest reservoir by capacity.
80. Which river originates from the Nanga Parbat region?
A) Indus
B) Jhelum
C) Chenab
D) Ravi
✅ Correct Answer: B) Jhelum
⚡ Explanation: Jhelum River rises near Nanga Parbat.
81. Which natural disaster often causes floods in Pakistan?
A) Earthquakes
B) Monsoon rains
C) Tsunamis
D) Tornadoes
✅ Correct Answer: B) Monsoon rains
⚡ Explanation: Heavy monsoon rains cause flooding.
82. Which province has the highest rainfall in Pakistan?
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Azad Jammu & Kashmir
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Azad Jammu & Kashmir
⚡ Explanation: Mountainous areas receive heavy rain.
83. The Indus River flows into which body of water?
A) Arabian Sea
B) Bay of Bengal
C) Persian Gulf
D) Red Sea
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Arabian Sea

⚡ Explanation: Indus drains into the Arabian Sea.
84. Which dam is under construction to increase Pakistan’s water storage capacity?
A) Mangla
B) Diamer-Bhasha
C) Hub
D) Warsak
✅ Correct Answer: B) Diamer-Bhasha
⚡ Explanation: Diamer-Bhasha Dam is being built on the Indus.
85. Which river passes through the Potohar Plateau?
A) Jhelum
B) Soan
C) Ravi
D) Chenab
✅ Correct Answer: B) Soan
⚡ Explanation: Soan River flows through Potohar.
86. Which province has the largest desert in Pakistan?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: A) Punjab
⚡ Explanation: Thar Desert is mainly in Punjab and Sindh.
87. Flood irrigation causes which major problem?
A) Soil erosion
B) Water wastage
C) Increased groundwater
D) Better crop yield
✅ Correct Answer: B) Water wastage
⚡ Explanation: Large water quantities are wasted.
88. Which dam is located on the Kabul River?
A) Mangla
B) Warsak
C) Tarbela
D) Hub
✅ Correct Answer: B) Warsak
⚡ Explanation: Warsak Dam is on the Kabul River.
89. What is the main source of water for the Cholistan Desert?
A) Underground aquifers
B) Rivers
C) Rainfall
D) Lakes
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Underground aquifers

⚡ Explanation: Desert relies on groundwater for water.
90. Which region is classified as arid in Pakistan?
A) Northern mountains
B) Balochistan Plateau
C) Punjab plains
D) Kashmir valley
✅ Correct Answer: B) Balochistan Plateau
⚡ Explanation: Balochistan is mostly arid with low rainfall.
91. Which river forms the border between Pakistan and India in Punjab?
A) Ravi
B) Chenab
C) Sutlej
D) Jhelum
✅ Correct Answer: C) Sutlej
⚡ Explanation: Sutlej partly forms the border.
92. The primary aim of Indus Waters Treaty was to:
A) Divide river waters between India and Pakistan
B) Build more dams
C) Stop flooding
D) Promote fishing
✅ Correct Answer: A) Divide river waters between India and Pakistan
⚡ Explanation: Treaty allocates eastern rivers to India and western to Pakistan.
93. Which of these cities is known for its proximity to the Indus River?
A) Lahore
B) Sukkur
C) Peshawar
D) Quetta
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sukkur
⚡ Explanation: Sukkur lies on the Indus River bank.
94. The Potohar Plateau is mainly found in which province?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: A) Punjab
⚡ Explanation: Potohar is located in northern Punjab.
95. Which of the following is the main cause of drought in Pakistan?
A) Excessive rainfall
B) Low rainfall and high temperature
C) Flooding
D) Earthquakes
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Low rainfall and high temperature

⚡ Explanation: Drought results from lack of rain and heat.
96. Which river forms a confluence at the famous Trimmu Barrage?
A) Chenab and Jhelum
B) Ravi and Chenab
C) Jhelum and Indus
D) Chenab and Sutlej
✅ Correct Answer: A) Chenab and Jhelum
⚡ Explanation: Trimmu Barrage controls Chenab-Jhelum waters.
97. Pakistan’s largest freshwater lake is:
A) Manchar Lake
B) Keenjhar Lake
C) Haleji Lake
D) Rawal Lake
✅ Correct Answer: A) Manchar Lake
⚡ Explanation: Manchar is largest freshwater lake in Pakistan.
98. Which of the following is NOT a function of dams in Pakistan?
A) Irrigation
B) Flood control
C) Hydroelectric power generation
D) Oil extraction
✅ Correct Answer: D) Oil extraction
⚡ Explanation: Dams don’t extract oil.
99. Which province contains the Thar Desert?
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: A) Sindh
⚡ Explanation: Thar Desert is mainly in Sindh and Punjab.
100. Which river is the main source of irrigation water for the Indus Plain?
A) Ravi
B) Indus
C) Chenab
D) Jhelum
✅ Correct Answer: B) Indus
⚡ Explanation: The Indus River irrigates the Indus Plain.

Population Distribution and Urbanization

1. Which province of Pakistan has the highest population density?
A) Sindh
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B) Punjab
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: B) Punjab
⚡ Explanation: Punjab is the most populous and densely populated province.
2. Which province has the lowest population density?
A) Sindh
B) Balochistan
C) Punjab
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: B) Balochistan
⚡ Explanation: Balochistan is largest but sparsely populated.
3. Which city is the most populous in Pakistan?
A) Lahore
B) Karachi
C) Islamabad
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: B) Karachi
⚡ Explanation: Karachi is the largest city by population.
4. What percentage of Pakistan’s population lives in rural areas (approximate)?
A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 70%
✅ Correct Answer: C) 60%
⚡ Explanation: Around 60% live in rural areas.
5. Urbanization in Pakistan is increasing due to:
A) Natural disasters
B) Rural to urban migration
C) Decreasing birth rates
D) Government policies
✅ Correct Answer: B) Rural to urban migration
⚡ Explanation: Many move to cities for jobs and better facilities.
6. Which city is the capital of Pakistan?
A) Karachi
B) Lahore
C) Islamabad
D) Quetta
✅ Correct Answer: C) Islamabad
⚡ Explanation: Islamabad is the federal capital.
7. Which of these regions has the highest rate of urbanization?
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
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C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: A) Sindh
⚡ Explanation: Sindh, especially Karachi, is highly urbanized.
8. The main reason for migration from rural to urban areas is:
A) Education opportunities
B) Lack of food
C) Religious reasons
D) Climate
✅ Correct Answer: A) Education opportunities
⚡ Explanation: People move for education, jobs, and healthcare.
9. Which city is the economic hub of Pakistan?
A) Islamabad
B) Lahore
C) Karachi
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: C) Karachi
⚡ Explanation: Karachi is the financial and industrial center.
10. Which province has the fastest urban population growth rate?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh
⚡ Explanation: Sindh, with Karachi, is growing rapidly.
11. Which area has the lowest population density?
A) Thar Desert
B) Punjab Plains
C) Indus Delta
D) Potohar Plateau
✅ Correct Answer: A) Thar Desert
⚡ Explanation: Desert regions have very low population density.
12. Migration within Pakistan is mostly from:
A) Urban to rural
B) Rural to urban
C) Cities to other countries
D) Coastal to inland areas
✅ Correct Answer: B) Rural to urban
⚡ Explanation: People move to cities for better life.
13. Which city is known as the cultural capital of Pakistan?
A) Lahore
B) Karachi
C) Quetta
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D) Islamabad
✅ Correct Answer: A) Lahore
⚡ Explanation: Lahore is famous for culture and history.
14. Population distribution in Pakistan is mostly:
A) Even
B) Uneven
C) Concentrated in mountains
D) Only in cities
✅ Correct Answer: B) Uneven
⚡ Explanation: Population is uneven due to geography and resources.
15. Which province has the smallest urban population?
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: C) Balochistan
⚡ Explanation: Balochistan is less urbanized.
16. Which factor does NOT affect population distribution in Pakistan?
A) Climate
B) Fertile land
C) Industrial development
D) Ocean currents
✅ Correct Answer: D) Ocean currents
⚡ Explanation: Ocean currents don’t affect population here.
17. Most of Pakistan’s population lives near:
A) Coastal areas
B) River plains
C) Mountain peaks
D) Desert centers
✅ Correct Answer: B) River plains
⚡ Explanation: Fertile river plains support dense populations.
18. What is the main challenge caused by rapid urbanization?
A) Better roads
B) Housing shortages
C) Clean water availability
D) Increased farming
✅ Correct Answer: B) Housing shortages
⚡ Explanation: Cities struggle to provide enough homes.
19. Which city is the provincial capital of Sindh?
A) Hyderabad
B) Karachi
C) Sukkur
D) Larkana
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Karachi

⚡ Explanation: Karachi is Sindh’s capital.
20. Which region has the highest rural population?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Azad Jammu & Kashmir
✅ Correct Answer: A) Punjab
⚡ Explanation: Punjab has large rural population.
21. Internal migration in Pakistan is mostly driven by:
A) Employment opportunities
B) Tourism
C) Religious festivals
D) Weather changes
✅ Correct Answer: A) Employment opportunities
⚡ Explanation: People move for jobs and better income.
22. Which city is known for its historic landmarks and is a major urban center?
A) Peshawar
B) Islamabad
C) Lahore
D) Quetta
✅ Correct Answer: C) Lahore
⚡ Explanation: Lahore has many historic sites and is a big city.
23. Which province’s population growth rate is the highest?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
⚡ Explanation: KPK has high population growth.
24. Which of these is a major problem in urban areas of Pakistan?
A) Excess farmland
B) Traffic congestion
C) Low population
D) Overfishing
✅ Correct Answer: B) Traffic congestion
⚡ Explanation: Cities face heavy traffic problems.
25. The majority of Pakistan’s urban population lives in:
A) Small towns
B) Large cities
C) Mountain villages
D) Desert oases
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Large cities

⚡ Explanation: Urban population is concentrated in big cities.

26. Which city is the capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa?

A) Abbottabad
B) Peshawar
C) Mardan
D) Swat
✅ Correct Answer: B) Peshawar
⚡ Explanation: Peshawar is the provincial capital of KPK.
27. What is the main reason for rural depopulation in Pakistan?
A) Lack of roads
B) Lack of employment opportunities
C) Excess rainfall
D) Overpopulation in cities
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lack of employment opportunities
⚡ Explanation: People leave villages due to lack of jobs.
28. Which city is the capital of Balochistan?
A) Quetta
B) Gwadar
C) Turbat
D) Khuzdar
✅ Correct Answer: A) Quetta
⚡ Explanation: Quetta is the provincial capital.
29. Which province has the second largest urban population after Punjab?
A) Sindh
B) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
C) Balochistan
D) Gilgit-Baltistan
✅ Correct Answer: A) Sindh
⚡ Explanation: Sindh has large cities like Karachi and Hyderabad.
30. Which factor attracts people to urban areas?
A) Higher crime rate
B) Better healthcare facilities
C) Poor education
D) Less job opportunities
✅ Correct Answer: B) Better healthcare facilities
⚡ Explanation: Cities offer better healthcare services.
31. Which city is called the “City of Saints” due to many Sufi shrines?
A) Multan
B) Karachi
C) Lahore
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D) Islamabad
✅ Correct Answer: A) Multan
⚡ Explanation: Multan is famous for Sufi shrines.
32. What is the approximate population of Pakistan as of 2024?
A) 150 million
B) 220 million
C) 180 million
D) 200 million
✅ Correct Answer: B) 220 million
⚡ Explanation: Pakistan’s population is about 220 million now.
33. Which province is known for its scattered rural settlements due to rugged terrain?
A) Punjab
B) Balochistan
C) Sindh
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: B) Balochistan
⚡ Explanation: Balochistan’s terrain limits settlement density.
34. Which of the following cities is NOT a provincial capital?
A) Karachi
B) Lahore
C) Faisalabad
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: C) Faisalabad
⚡ Explanation: Faisalabad is a major city but not a capital.
35. Which natural feature influences population concentration in Pakistan?
A) Mountain ranges
B) Deserts
C) Rivers
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of the above
⚡ Explanation: Mountains, deserts, and rivers affect settlement.
36. Which city is a planned city and was built in the 1960s?
A) Karachi
B) Islamabad
C) Lahore
D) Quetta
✅ Correct Answer: B) Islamabad
⚡ Explanation: Islamabad was purpose-built as capital.
37. In Pakistan, the term “urbanization” means:
A) Growth of villages
B) Movement of people to cities
C) Increase in farming areas
D) Building of dams
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Movement of people to cities

⚡ Explanation: Urbanization is migration to cities.
38. Which province has the largest percentage of rural population?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: A) Punjab
⚡ Explanation: Punjab has a large rural population.
39. Which city is the main industrial hub of Punjab?
A) Faisalabad
B) Multan
C) Sialkot
D) Gujranwala
✅ Correct Answer: A) Faisalabad
⚡ Explanation: Faisalabad is known as the Manchester of Pakistan.
40. Which major Pakistani city is located on the Arabian Sea coast?
A) Quetta
B) Karachi
C) Islamabad
D) Lahore
✅ Correct Answer: B) Karachi
⚡ Explanation: Karachi is a coastal city.
41. Which term describes the rapid growth of urban populations?
A) Ruralization
B) Urban sprawl
C) Desertification
D) Reforestation
✅ Correct Answer: B) Urban sprawl
⚡ Explanation: Urban sprawl is expansion of cities.
42. Which area in Pakistan is most prone to overpopulation?
A) Mountain regions
B) River valleys and plains
C) Deserts
D) Coastal areas
✅ Correct Answer: B) River valleys and plains
⚡ Explanation: Fertile plains have dense populations.
43. The migration of people from tribal areas to cities is mostly due to:
A) Education
B) Conflict and lack of opportunities
C) Tourism
D) Farming needs
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Conflict and lack of opportunities

⚡ Explanation: Many leave tribal areas due to insecurity.
44. Which city has a major port and handles most of Pakistan’s sea trade?
A) Karachi
B) Gwadar
C) Port Qasim
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of the above
⚡ Explanation: Karachi, Gwadar, and Port Qasim are key ports.
45. Which of the following is a major problem in rural Pakistan?
A) Overcrowding
B) Lack of clean water
C) Traffic jams
D) Pollution
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lack of clean water
⚡ Explanation: Rural areas often lack clean water facilities.
46. Which Pakistani city is famous for its educational institutions and is called the “City
of Knowledge”?
A) Islamabad
B) Lahore
C) Karachi
D) Faisalabad
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lahore
⚡ Explanation: Lahore has many universities and colleges.
47. The movement of people from one province to another within Pakistan is called:
A) International migration
B) Internal migration
C) Forced migration
D) Rural migration
✅ Correct Answer: B) Internal migration
⚡ Explanation: Migration within a country is internal migration.
48. Which province’s urban centers include Gwadar and Turbat?
A) Sindh
B) Balochistan
C) Punjab
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: B) Balochistan
⚡ Explanation: Gwadar and Turbat are in Balochistan.
49. Which city is known as the “City of Gardens” in Pakistan?
A) Karachi
B) Lahore
C) Islamabad
D) Multan
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Lahore

⚡ Explanation: Lahore is famous for its gardens.
50. Population pressure on cities in Pakistan is increasing due to:
A) Decreasing birth rates
B) Migration and natural growth
C) Strict government policies
D) Reduced job opportunities
✅ Correct Answer: B) Migration and natural growth
⚡ Explanation: Population grows from migration and births.
51. Which province’s population is growing fastest due to high birth rates?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: D) Balochistan
⚡ Explanation: Balochistan has high birth rates and fast growth.
52. Which city is the capital of Azad Jammu and Kashmir?
A) Mirpur
B) Muzaffarabad
C) Rawalakot
D) Bagh
✅ Correct Answer: B) Muzaffarabad
⚡ Explanation: Muzaffarabad is the capital city of AJK.
53. Which factor is most responsible for uneven population distribution in Pakistan?
A) Government policy
B) Physical geography
C) Language differences
D) Religion
✅ Correct Answer: B) Physical geography
⚡ Explanation: Mountains, deserts, and plains influence population.
54. Which city is known as the “Gateway to Khyber Pass”?
A) Quetta
B) Peshawar
C) Islamabad
D) Lahore
✅ Correct Answer: B) Peshawar
⚡ Explanation: Peshawar is near the Khyber Pass.
55. The Indus River primarily influences population settlement in:
A) Northern Pakistan
B) Southern Punjab and Sindh
C) Balochistan Plateau
D) Himalayan region
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Southern Punjab and Sindh

⚡ Explanation: Indus plain supports dense agriculture and population.
56. Which city is the major center of Pakistan’s textile industry?
A) Lahore
B) Faisalabad
C) Karachi
D) Multan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Faisalabad
⚡ Explanation: Faisalabad is known as the textile hub.
57. Population density is lowest in which of the following regions?
A) Indus Plain
B) Thar Desert
C) Potohar Plateau
D) Punjab Plains
✅ Correct Answer: B) Thar Desert
⚡ Explanation: Desert areas have sparse population.
58. Which of the following cities is a federal territory?
A) Islamabad
B) Karachi
C) Lahore
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: A) Islamabad
⚡ Explanation: Islamabad is a federal capital territory.
59. Which province has the highest percentage of urban population?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh
⚡ Explanation: Sindh, especially Karachi, is highly urbanized.
60. What is the main cause of slums in Pakistan’s cities?
A) Lack of housing
B) Climate change
C) Lack of education
D) Overpopulation in villages
✅ Correct Answer: A) Lack of housing
⚡ Explanation: Rapid urbanization causes housing shortages.
61. Which city is famous for its historical Fort and Badshahi Mosque?
A) Lahore
B) Multan
C) Karachi
D) Quetta
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Lahore

⚡ Explanation: Lahore has famous Mughal architecture.
62. Which city is a major port besides Karachi?
A) Gwadar
B) Hyderabad
C) Faisalabad
D) Lahore
✅ Correct Answer: A) Gwadar
⚡ Explanation: Gwadar is an important deep-sea port.
63. What is the primary factor that leads to population growth in Pakistan?
A) High birth rate
B) Migration from abroad
C) Urbanization only
D) Industrial growth
✅ Correct Answer: A) High birth rate
⚡ Explanation: High birth rates contribute to population growth.
64. Which city serves as the judicial capital of Pakistan?
A) Islamabad
B) Lahore
C) Karachi
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lahore
⚡ Explanation: Lahore hosts the Supreme Court and Lahore High Court.
65. Which province experiences significant out-migration due to lack of development?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: C) Balochistan
⚡ Explanation: Many leave Balochistan for better opportunities.
66. Which factor affects urban growth in Pakistan?
A) Industrialization
B) Agricultural development
C) Mountainous terrain
D) Coastal erosion
✅ Correct Answer: A) Industrialization
⚡ Explanation: Industrial jobs attract people to cities.
67. Which city is the capital of Gilgit-Baltistan?
A) Skardu
B) Gilgit
C) Hunza
D) Chilas
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Gilgit

⚡ Explanation: Gilgit is the administrative capital.
68. Which city is known for its historical shrines and is located in southern Punjab?
A) Multan
B) Bahawalpur
C) Dera Ghazi Khan
D) Faisalabad
✅ Correct Answer: A) Multan
⚡ Explanation: Multan is famous for Sufi shrines.
69. Which of the following is a major problem caused by urbanization?
A) Increased agricultural land
B) Pollution and waste management issues
C) Decrease in city population
D) Increase in rural population
✅ Correct Answer: B) Pollution and waste management issues
⚡ Explanation: Urban areas face pollution challenges.
70. Which city is located near the Pakistan-Afghanistan border?
A) Peshawar
B) Lahore
C) Karachi
D) Islamabad
✅ Correct Answer: A) Peshawar
⚡ Explanation: Peshawar is close to Afghanistan border.
71. Which is the largest city in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by population?
A) Abbottabad
B) Peshawar
C) Mardan
D) Swat
✅ Correct Answer: B) Peshawar
⚡ Explanation: Peshawar is the largest city in KPK.
72. Which area has been a focus of government efforts to control rural to urban
migration?
A) Islamabad
B) Punjab’s rural areas
C) Urban slums
D) Thar Desert
✅ Correct Answer: B) Punjab’s rural areas
⚡ Explanation: Improving rural areas can reduce migration.
73. Which city is the capital of Punjab province?
A) Lahore
B) Multan
C) Faisalabad
D) Rawalpindi
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Lahore

⚡ Explanation: Lahore is the capital of Punjab.
74. Which factor does NOT significantly influence urban growth?
A) Job opportunities
B) Infrastructure development
C) Desert climate
D) Educational facilities
✅ Correct Answer: C) Desert climate
⚡ Explanation: Climate affects population but less than other factors.
75. Population pressure in Pakistan’s cities leads to:
A) Improved rural life
B) Overcrowding and resource shortages
C) Decreased traffic
D) More agricultural land
✅ Correct Answer: B) Overcrowding and resource shortages
⚡ Explanation: Rapid growth strains city resources.

76. Which city is known as Pakistan's financial capital?

A) Islamabad
B) Lahore
C) Karachi
D) Quetta
✅ Correct Answer: C) Karachi
⚡ Explanation: Karachi is the financial and economic hub of Pakistan.
77. Which province has the smallest population in Pakistan?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: C) Balochistan
⚡ Explanation: Balochistan is the largest province by area but least populated.
78. The largest refugee influx into Pakistan occurred after which event?
A) 1947 Partition
B) 1971 War
C) 2005 Earthquake
D) 2010 Floods
✅ Correct Answer: A) 1947 Partition
⚡ Explanation: Partition caused massive population movement.
79. Which city is known as the “City of Saints” in Pakistan?
A) Lahore
B) Multan
C) Peshawar
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D) Quetta
✅ Correct Answer: B) Multan
⚡ Explanation: Multan is famous for its Sufi shrines.
80. Which city is the capital of Punjab’s southern division?
A) Faisalabad
B) Multan
C) Sahiwal
D) Bahawalpur
✅ Correct Answer: B) Multan
⚡ Explanation: Multan is a major city in southern Punjab.
81. Which province has the highest rural population percentage?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: A) Punjab
⚡ Explanation: Punjab has the largest rural population due to fertile land.
82. Which city is the capital of Pakistan?
A) Karachi
B) Lahore
C) Islamabad
D) Rawalpindi
✅ Correct Answer: C) Islamabad
⚡ Explanation: Islamabad is the federal capital.
83. Which city is famous for its textile and sports goods industry?
A) Lahore
B) Faisalabad
C) Sialkot
D) Gujranwala
✅ Correct Answer: C) Sialkot
⚡ Explanation: Sialkot is world-renowned for sports goods manufacturing.
84. What is the main reason for rapid urbanization in Pakistan?
A) Agricultural development
B) Better job opportunities in cities
C) Decline in birth rates
D) Improved rural infrastructure
✅ Correct Answer: B) Better job opportunities in cities
⚡ Explanation: People migrate to cities for employment.
85. Which city is closest to Pakistan’s border with Iran?
A) Quetta
B) Gwadar
C) Turbat
D) Chaman
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Quetta

⚡ Explanation: Quetta is near the Iran border.
86. Which city is known for its military headquarters and defense installations?
A) Rawalpindi
B) Islamabad
C) Lahore
D) Karachi
✅ Correct Answer: A) Rawalpindi
⚡ Explanation: Rawalpindi hosts Pakistan Army HQ.
87. Which province's capital city is Karachi?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh
⚡ Explanation: Karachi is the capital of Sindh province.
88. What natural feature mainly determines population density in Pakistan?
A) Mountain ranges and rivers
B) Political boundaries
C) Language spoken
D) Religious sites
✅ Correct Answer: A) Mountain ranges and rivers
⚡ Explanation: Geography influences where people live.
89. Which city is famous for its Mughal architecture and gardens?
A) Lahore
B) Islamabad
C) Karachi
D) Faisalabad
✅ Correct Answer: A) Lahore
⚡ Explanation: Lahore is famous for its historical Mughal sites.
90. Which is the largest urban agglomeration in Pakistan?
A) Lahore
B) Islamabad-Rawalpindi
C) Karachi
D) Faisalabad
✅ Correct Answer: C) Karachi
⚡ Explanation: Karachi is Pakistan's most populous city.
91. Which city is located on the bank of the Indus River and known for historical sites?
A) Multan
B) Sukkur
C) Dera Ghazi Khan
D) Hyderabad
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Sukkur

⚡ Explanation: Sukkur lies on the Indus River.
92. Which province has the highest literacy rate contributing to urban growth?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: A) Punjab
⚡ Explanation: Punjab has better educational facilities.
93. Which city has the largest public sector university in Pakistan?
A) Lahore
B) Islamabad
C) Karachi
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: B) Islamabad
⚡ Explanation: Quaid-i-Azam University is in Islamabad.
94. Which city is the main hub of Pakistan’s IT industry?
A) Lahore
B) Islamabad
C) Karachi
D) Faisalabad
✅ Correct Answer: C) Karachi
⚡ Explanation: Karachi hosts many IT companies and startups.
95. Which major city is near the confluence of the Indus and Kabul rivers?
A) Peshawar
B) Islamabad
C) Multan
D) Rawalpindi
✅ Correct Answer: B) Islamabad
⚡ Explanation: Islamabad is near this river confluence.
96. Which city is known for hosting Pakistan’s largest textile market?
A) Karachi
B) Faisalabad
C) Lahore
D) Sialkot
✅ Correct Answer: A) Karachi
⚡ Explanation: Karachi has a large textile market.
97. Which city is a major center for Pakistan’s film industry (Lollywood)?
A) Lahore
B) Karachi
C) Islamabad
D) Multan
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Lahore

⚡ Explanation: Lahore is the heart of Lollywood cinema.
98. Which city in Pakistan is famous for its handicrafts and traditional bazaars?
A) Peshawar
B) Quetta
C) Multan
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of the above
⚡ Explanation: These cities have rich craft traditions.
99. What has been a major challenge due to rapid urban growth in Pakistan?
A) Food surplus
B) Traffic congestion and pollution
C) Decrease in population
D) Rural prosperity
✅ Correct Answer: B) Traffic congestion and pollution
⚡ Explanation: Urban areas face these problems due to growth.
100. Which city is Pakistan's center for banking and financial services?
A) Islamabad
B) Karachi
C) Lahore
D) Faisalabad
✅ Correct Answer: B) Karachi
⚡ Explanation: Karachi is the financial hub of Pakistan.

Agricultural Geography of Pakistan

1. Which is the major cereal crop grown in Pakistan?
A) Maize
B) Wheat
C) Rice
D) Barley
✅ Correct Answer: B) Wheat
⚡ Explanation: Wheat is the staple cereal crop.
2. In which province is the majority of cotton grown?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: A) Punjab
⚡ Explanation: Punjab has vast cotton-growing areas.
3. Which area is known for major rice production in Pakistan?
A) Potohar Plateau
B) Sindh Indus Plain
C) Thar Desert
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D) Balochistan Plateau
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh Indus Plain
⚡ Explanation: Sindh has suitable conditions for rice.
4. Which crop is called “cash crop” in Pakistan?
A) Wheat
B) Sugarcane
C) Cotton
D) Maize
✅ Correct Answer: C) Cotton
⚡ Explanation: Cotton is grown for export and industry.
5. Which region is most suitable for growing sugarcane?
A) Punjab and Sindh plains
B) Balochistan Plateau
C) Northern hills
D) Thar Desert
✅ Correct Answer: A) Punjab and Sindh plains
⚡ Explanation: These plains have fertile land for sugarcane.
6. Which fruit is a major export product from Pakistan?
A) Mango
B) Apple
C) Orange
D) Banana
✅ Correct Answer: A) Mango
⚡ Explanation: Pakistan is famous for mango production.
7. Where is the livestock population highest in Pakistan?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: A) Punjab
⚡ Explanation: Punjab’s extensive agriculture supports livestock.
8. Which type of livestock is most commonly raised in Balochistan?
A) Cattle
B) Sheep and goats
C) Buffaloes
D) Poultry
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sheep and goats
⚡ Explanation: Arid conditions favor sheep and goat rearing.
9. Which crop is sensitive to monsoon rains in Pakistan?
A) Wheat
B) Rice
C) Barley
D) Maize
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Rice

⚡ Explanation: Rice requires abundant water and monsoon rains.
10. Which irrigation method is most widely used in Pakistan?
A) Drip irrigation
B) Canal irrigation
C) Sprinkler irrigation
D) Flood irrigation
✅ Correct Answer: B) Canal irrigation
⚡ Explanation: Pakistan relies heavily on canal systems.
11. Which crop is mainly grown during the Rabi season?
A) Cotton
B) Wheat
C) Rice
D) Sugarcane
✅ Correct Answer: B) Wheat
⚡ Explanation: Wheat is a Rabi (winter) crop.
12. What impact does climate change have on Pakistan’s agriculture?
A) Increases crop yield
B) Causes irregular rainfall and droughts
C) Has no effect
D) Improves soil quality
✅ Correct Answer: B) Causes irregular rainfall and droughts
⚡ Explanation: Climate change causes weather unpredictability.
13. Which province is famous for citrus fruit production?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: A) Punjab
⚡ Explanation: Punjab grows a variety of citrus fruits.
14. The Thal region of Punjab is best known for which crop?
A) Wheat
B) Sugarcane
C) Millet
D) Maize
✅ Correct Answer: C) Millet
⚡ Explanation: Thal’s dry conditions suit millet cultivation.
15. Which crop is a Kharif (summer) crop in Pakistan?
A) Wheat
B) Rice
C) Barley
D) Gram
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Rice

⚡ Explanation: Rice is grown in the Kharif season.
16. What type of soil is best for cotton cultivation?
A) Sandy soil
B) Clay soil
C) Loamy soil
D) Rocky soil
✅ Correct Answer: C) Loamy soil
⚡ Explanation: Cotton thrives in fertile loamy soil.
17. Which agricultural zone is known for wheat and sugarcane production?
A) Northern mountains
B) Indus Plain
C) Balochistan Plateau
D) Thar Desert
✅ Correct Answer: B) Indus Plain
⚡ Explanation: Indus Plain is Pakistan’s main agricultural belt.
18. What is the main challenge for agriculture in Balochistan?
A) Water scarcity
B) Flooding
C) Excessive rainfall
D) Cold weather
✅ Correct Answer: A) Water scarcity
⚡ Explanation: Arid climate limits water for crops.
19. Which of the following is NOT a major crop in Pakistan?
A) Wheat
B) Coffee
C) Cotton
D) Sugarcane
✅ Correct Answer: B) Coffee
⚡ Explanation: Coffee is not cultivated commercially in Pakistan.
20. Which city is famous for livestock markets and animal trade?
A) Faisalabad
B) Sahiwal
C) Multan
D) Lahore
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sahiwal
⚡ Explanation: Sahiwal is a key livestock trading center.
21. Which season brings the monsoon rains crucial for Kharif crops?
A) Winter
B) Summer
C) Spring
D) Autumn
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Summer

⚡ Explanation: Monsoon arrives in summer aiding crop growth.
22. Which crop is known for its drought resistance in Pakistan?
A) Rice
B) Millet
C) Sugarcane
D) Wheat
✅ Correct Answer: B) Millet
⚡ Explanation: Millet can grow in low water conditions.
23. Which river basin is vital for Pakistan’s agriculture?
A) Ganges
B) Indus
C) Brahmaputra
D) Sutlej
✅ Correct Answer: B) Indus
⚡ Explanation: Indus Basin is the lifeline for crops.
24. Which agricultural product is Pakistan a major exporter of?
A) Wheat
B) Rice
C) Maize
D) Millet
✅ Correct Answer: B) Rice
⚡ Explanation: Pakistan exports Basmati rice globally.
25. Which is a common problem faced by farmers in Pakistan?
A) Excess rainfall
B) Pest attacks and water shortages
C) Lack of land
D) Too many crops
✅ Correct Answer: B) Pest attacks and water shortages
⚡ Explanation: These issues affect crop yield.

26. Which area in Pakistan is most suitable for livestock grazing?

A) Thar Desert
B) Potohar Plateau
C) Coastal areas
D) Mountainous regions
✅ Correct Answer: B) Potohar Plateau
⚡ Explanation: Potohar has pastures good for livestock.
27. What is the main use of sugarcane grown in Pakistan?
A) Animal feed
B) Sugar production
C) Oil extraction
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D) Textile industry
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sugar production
⚡ Explanation: Sugarcane is processed into sugar.
28. Which crop requires the most water in Pakistan’s agriculture?
A) Wheat
B) Rice
C) Cotton
D) Maize
✅ Correct Answer: B) Rice
⚡ Explanation: Rice is a water-intensive crop.
29. Which livestock breed is famous for high milk production in Pakistan?
A) Nili-Ravi buffalo
B) Thar goat
C) Sahiwal cattle
D) Kamori goat
✅ Correct Answer: A) Nili-Ravi buffalo
⚡ Explanation: It’s a top dairy breed.
30. Which province is known for extensive fruit orchards like apples and cherries?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: D) Balochistan
⚡ Explanation: Balochistan’s climate suits fruit orchards.
31. Which factor most influences crop choices in Pakistan?
A) Population density
B) Soil type and climate
C) Urban development
D) Road infrastructure
✅ Correct Answer: B) Soil type and climate
⚡ Explanation: Soil and climate determine crop suitability.
32. Which crop is called the “King of Crops” in Pakistan?
A) Wheat
B) Rice
C) Cotton
D) Sugarcane
✅ Correct Answer: C) Cotton
⚡ Explanation: Cotton is important for the textile industry.
33. Which is a key challenge for agriculture in arid zones of Pakistan?
A) Excessive rainfall
B) Water scarcity
C) Too much forest cover
D) Cold winters
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Water scarcity

⚡ Explanation: Arid zones face limited water supply.
34. Which irrigation source is most critical for Pakistan’s agriculture?
A) Groundwater
B) Canals from Indus River
C) Rainwater harvesting
D) Desalinated water
✅ Correct Answer: B) Canals from Indus River
⚡ Explanation: Indus canal system supports farming.
35. Which crop is mostly grown in the Thar Desert region?
A) Millet
B) Wheat
C) Sugarcane
D) Cotton
✅ Correct Answer: A) Millet
⚡ Explanation: Millet tolerates dry conditions.
36. Which province is Pakistan’s leading wheat producer?
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: B) Punjab
⚡ Explanation: Punjab has vast wheat fields.
37. What type of farming is common in mountainous regions of Pakistan?
A) Plantation farming
B) Terrace farming
C) Commercial farming
D) Mixed farming
✅ Correct Answer: B) Terrace farming
⚡ Explanation: Terracing prevents soil erosion on slopes.
38. Which crop is sown after harvesting wheat in Pakistan?
A) Rice
B) Sugarcane
C) Cotton
D) Barley
✅ Correct Answer: C) Cotton
⚡ Explanation: Cotton is a Kharif crop following Rabi wheat.
39. Which climate zone supports most of Pakistan’s agricultural activities?
A) Tropical
B) Arid and semi-arid
C) Polar
D) Mediterranean
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Arid and semi-arid

⚡ Explanation: Pakistan’s agriculture thrives in these zones.
40. Which livestock product is a major export of Pakistan?
A) Wool
B) Meat (beef and mutton)
C) Milk powder
D) Leather
✅ Correct Answer: D) Leather
⚡ Explanation: Pakistan exports leather goods widely.
41. What is the primary reason for seasonal crop patterns in Pakistan?
A) Monsoon rains and irrigation cycles
B) Political decisions
C) Export demand
D) Population growth
✅ Correct Answer: A) Monsoon rains and irrigation cycles
⚡ Explanation: Seasons affect water availability.
42. Which of the following is an example of cash crop in Pakistan?
A) Wheat
B) Cotton
C) Millet
D) Maize
✅ Correct Answer: B) Cotton
⚡ Explanation: Cotton is grown for commercial use.
43. Which factor limits crop production in the Balochistan Plateau?
A) Floods
B) Water shortage and dry climate
C) Fertile soil
D) High rainfall
✅ Correct Answer: B) Water shortage and dry climate
⚡ Explanation: Balochistan faces drought-like conditions.
44. Which crop is most commonly grown in the Potohar Plateau?
A) Wheat
B) Rice
C) Sugarcane
D) Cotton
✅ Correct Answer: A) Wheat
⚡ Explanation: Potohar supports wheat cultivation.
45. Which province contributes most to Pakistan’s fruit production?
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Punjab

⚡ Explanation: Punjab has extensive orchards.
46. Which crop benefits most from the Indus Basin Irrigation System?
A) Wheat
B) Rice
C) Cotton
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of the above
⚡ Explanation: Indus irrigation supports multiple crops.
47. Which natural disaster severely affects agriculture in Pakistan?
A) Earthquakes
B) Floods
C) Tsunamis
D) Volcanic eruptions
✅ Correct Answer: B) Floods
⚡ Explanation: Floods damage crops and farmland.
48. Which livestock is mainly raised for wool in Pakistan?
A) Buffalo
B) Sheep
C) Cattle
D) Goat
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sheep
⚡ Explanation: Sheep provide wool for textiles.
49. Which Pakistani city is famous for agricultural research and development?
A) Faisalabad
B) Multan
C) Islamabad
D) Lahore
✅ Correct Answer: C) Islamabad
⚡ Explanation: Islamabad hosts many research institutions.
50. Which factor has the greatest impact on livestock distribution?
A) Proximity to cities
B) Climate and vegetation
C) Literacy rates
D) Urbanization
✅ Correct Answer: B) Climate and vegetation
⚡ Explanation: Livestock depend on suitable grazing areas.

Environmental Issues in Pakistan

1. What is the main cause of deforestation in Pakistan?
A) Urbanization
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B) Industrialization
C) Illegal logging and fuelwood collection
D) Agriculture expansion
✅ Correct Answer: C) Illegal logging and fuelwood collection
⚡ Explanation: Overuse of forests for wood causes deforestation.
2. Which province in Pakistan faces the highest deforestation rate?
A) Sindh
B) Balochistan
C) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
D) Punjab
✅ Correct Answer: C) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
⚡ Explanation: Forests in KP are heavily exploited.
3. What is a major effect of deforestation in Pakistan?
A) Increase in rainfall
B) Soil erosion and loss of biodiversity
C) Rise in groundwater levels
D) Decrease in temperature
✅ Correct Answer: B) Soil erosion and loss of biodiversity
⚡ Explanation: Trees protect soil and wildlife.
4. Which river in Pakistan is most affected by water pollution?
A) Chenab
B) Ravi
C) Indus
D) Jhelum
✅ Correct Answer: C) Indus
⚡ Explanation: Indus suffers from industrial and sewage pollution.
5. What is the primary source of air pollution in Pakistani cities?
A) Forest fires
B) Vehicle emissions and industrial smoke
C) Agricultural activities
D) Natural dust storms
✅ Correct Answer: B) Vehicle emissions and industrial smoke
⚡ Explanation: Traffic and factories pollute urban air.
6. Which city in Pakistan is considered the most polluted?
A) Lahore
B) Karachi
C) Islamabad
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: A) Lahore
⚡ Explanation: Lahore faces severe smog and air quality issues.
7. What is a major consequence of water scarcity in Pakistan?
A) Increase in fish population
B) Reduced agricultural productivity
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C) Higher rainfall
D) Decreased soil erosion
✅ Correct Answer: B) Reduced agricultural productivity
⚡ Explanation: Less water harms crop growth.
8. Which practice worsens soil erosion in Pakistan?
A) Crop rotation
B) Overgrazing and deforestation
C) Terracing
D) Controlled irrigation
✅ Correct Answer: B) Overgrazing and deforestation
⚡ Explanation: Removal of vegetation exposes soil.
9. What is desertification?
A) Creation of new deserts due to drought and poor land use
B) Planting more trees in deserts
C) Flooding of desert areas
D) Expansion of agriculture into forests
✅ Correct Answer: A) Creation of new deserts due to drought and poor land use
⚡ Explanation: Land becomes desert-like due to misuse.
10. Which province has the largest area affected by desertification?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: C) Balochistan
⚡ Explanation: Balochistan has arid zones vulnerable to desertification.
11. What is a major source of water pollution in urban Pakistan?
A) Agricultural runoff
B) Untreated sewage discharge
C) Rainwater
D) Drinking water
✅ Correct Answer: B) Untreated sewage discharge
⚡ Explanation: Many cities dump sewage into rivers.
12. Which act was introduced to control deforestation in Pakistan?
A) Forest Act 1927
B) Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997
C) Water Act 2010
D) Air Quality Act 2015
✅ Correct Answer: A) Forest Act 1927
⚡ Explanation: It regulates forest protection and use.
13. How does air pollution affect human health?
A) Causes respiratory diseases
B) Improves lung function
C) Enhances immunity
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D) No effect
✅ Correct Answer: A) Causes respiratory diseases
⚡ Explanation: Pollutants harm breathing and lungs.
14. What is the main reason for the decrease in Pakistan’s forest cover?
A) Urban parks
B) Commercial timber harvesting
C) Increased rainfall
D) Floods
✅ Correct Answer: B) Commercial timber harvesting
⚡ Explanation: Logging reduces forest areas.
15. Which sector is the largest consumer of water in Pakistan?
A) Domestic use
B) Agriculture
C) Industry
D) Forestry
✅ Correct Answer: B) Agriculture
⚡ Explanation: Agriculture uses over 90% of water resources.
16. Which city suffers most from smog during winter?
A) Karachi
B) Lahore
C) Quetta
D) Multan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lahore
⚡ Explanation: Winter temperature inversion traps pollutants.
17. What is a major cause of urban water pollution in Pakistan?
A) Desertification
B) Industrial effluents and garbage dumping
C) Deforestation
D) Soil erosion
✅ Correct Answer: B) Industrial effluents and garbage dumping
⚡ Explanation: Wastewater from factories pollutes water.
18. How can soil erosion be controlled?
A) Overgrazing
B) Afforestation and terracing
C) Deforestation
D) Over-irrigation
✅ Correct Answer: B) Afforestation and terracing
⚡ Explanation: Planting trees and terraces hold soil.
19. Which natural disaster worsens soil erosion in Pakistan?
A) Floods
B) Earthquakes
C) Hurricanes
D) Tsunamis
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Floods

⚡ Explanation: Floods wash away topsoil.
20. What is the main cause of groundwater depletion in Pakistan?
A) Excessive rainfall
B) Over-extraction for irrigation
C) Forest growth
D) Reduced agriculture
✅ Correct Answer: B) Over-extraction for irrigation
⚡ Explanation: Farmers pump too much groundwater.
21. Which organization is responsible for environmental protection in Pakistan?
A) Pakistan Forest Department
B) Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA)
C) Pakistan Meteorological Department
D) Ministry of Water and Power
✅ Correct Answer: B) Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA)
⚡ Explanation: Pak-EPA enforces environmental laws.
22. What is the major source of air pollution in rural Pakistan?
A) Industrial emissions
B) Biomass burning and wood stoves
C) Vehicle emissions
D) Factories
✅ Correct Answer: B) Biomass burning and wood stoves
⚡ Explanation: Cooking fires produce smoke indoors.
23. Which city in Pakistan has introduced a “Clean Air Action Plan”?
A) Lahore
B) Karachi
C) Islamabad
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: A) Lahore
⚡ Explanation: Lahore aims to reduce air pollution.
24. What is a key impact of water pollution on human health?
A) Improved digestion
B) Waterborne diseases like cholera
C) Stronger immunity
D) None
✅ Correct Answer: B) Waterborne diseases like cholera
⚡ Explanation: Polluted water spreads diseases.
25. Which factor contributes most to desertification in Pakistan?
A) Overgrazing and deforestation
B) Flooding
C) Increased rainfall
D) Urban development
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Overgrazing and deforestation

⚡ Explanation: These degrade soil and vegetation cover.

26. Which river in Pakistan is most affected by industrial pollution?

A) Chenab
B) Ravi
C) Indus
D) Jhelum
✅ Correct Answer: B) Ravi
⚡ Explanation: Ravi River near industrial zones suffers heavy pollution.
27. What role do mangrove forests play in Pakistan's coastal areas?
A) Increase desertification
B) Protect against coastal erosion and support biodiversity
C) Reduce water pollution
D) Provide urban green spaces
✅ Correct Answer: B) Protect against coastal erosion and support biodiversity
⚡ Explanation: Mangroves stabilize coastlines and provide habitat.
28. Which human activity is a major cause of air pollution in Karachi?
A) Agriculture
B) Vehicle emissions and factories
C) Fishing
D) Deforestation
✅ Correct Answer: B) Vehicle emissions and factories
⚡ Explanation: Traffic and industrial smoke pollute Karachi's air.
29. What is a common effect of soil erosion on agriculture?
A) Increased fertility
B) Reduced soil fertility and crop yield
C) More groundwater
D) Better irrigation
✅ Correct Answer: B) Reduced soil fertility and crop yield
⚡ Explanation: Topsoil loss reduces nutrients for crops.
30. Which part of Pakistan is most vulnerable to desertification?
A) Northern mountains
B) Southern Punjab and Sindh
C) Coastal areas
D) Islamabad region
✅ Correct Answer: B) Southern Punjab and Sindh
⚡ Explanation: Dry climate and poor land management lead to desertification.
31. What is a key strategy to reduce water pollution in Pakistan?
A) Build more factories
B) Treat industrial and sewage wastewater
C) Increase groundwater extraction
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D) Use more pesticides

✅ Correct Answer: B) Treat industrial and sewage wastewater
⚡ Explanation: Wastewater treatment reduces river pollution.
32. Which air pollutant is a major concern in Pakistani cities?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10)
C) Oxygen
D) Nitrogen
✅ Correct Answer: B) Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10)
⚡ Explanation: Fine particles cause respiratory issues.
33. How does deforestation affect Pakistan’s climate?
A) Increases rainfall
B) Contributes to global warming by releasing carbon dioxide
C) Decreases temperature
D) No effect
✅ Correct Answer: B) Contributes to global warming by releasing carbon dioxide
⚡ Explanation: Trees store carbon; cutting them releases it.
34. Which human activity contributes to groundwater contamination?
A) Overgrazing
B) Use of pesticides and fertilizers
C) Deforestation
D) Urban parks
✅ Correct Answer: B) Use of pesticides and fertilizers
⚡ Explanation: Chemicals seep into groundwater.
35. Which is a natural cause of soil erosion?
A) Overgrazing
B) Heavy rainfall and wind
C) Deforestation
D) Agriculture
✅ Correct Answer: B) Heavy rainfall and wind
⚡ Explanation: Natural forces wash and blow soil away.
36. What environmental problem is caused by the excessive use of groundwater?
A) Flooding
B) Water table lowering and land subsidence
C) Increased rainfall
D) Soil fertility increase
✅ Correct Answer: B) Water table lowering and land subsidence
⚡ Explanation: Overuse causes groundwater depletion and sinking land.
37. Which sector contributes most to air pollution in rural Pakistan?
A) Industry
B) Biomass burning for cooking and heating
C) Vehicles
D) Power plants
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Biomass burning for cooking and heating

⚡ Explanation: Traditional fuels emit smoke indoors.
38. Which disaster is linked to poor land management and deforestation?
A) Earthquakes
B) Floods and landslides
C) Hurricanes
D) Tsunamis
✅ Correct Answer: B) Floods and landslides
⚡ Explanation: Tree roots stabilize soil and prevent erosion.
39. What is a major source of water pollution in the Indus River?
A) Sewage and industrial waste discharge
B) Natural rainfall
C) Mountain runoff
D) Groundwater seepage
✅ Correct Answer: A) Sewage and industrial waste discharge
⚡ Explanation: Untreated waste enters the river.
40. How does desertification affect agriculture?
A) Improves soil moisture
B) Reduces arable land and crop yields
C) Increases groundwater
D) Helps plant growth
✅ Correct Answer: B) Reduces arable land and crop yields
⚡ Explanation: Land loses fertility and becomes unusable.
41. Which organization monitors air quality in Pakistan?
A) Pakistan Meteorological Department
B) Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA)
C) Pakistan Forest Department
D) Ministry of Agriculture
✅ Correct Answer: B) Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA)
⚡ Explanation: Pak-EPA tracks and regulates pollution.
42. Which crop is most affected by water scarcity in Pakistan?
A) Cotton
B) Wheat
C) Rice
D) Maize
✅ Correct Answer: C) Rice
⚡ Explanation: Rice needs large amounts of water.
43. Which city has a high risk of flooding due to poor drainage systems?
A) Quetta
B) Karachi
C) Islamabad
D) Gilgit
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Karachi

⚡ Explanation: Karachi faces urban flooding in monsoon.
44. Which human activity causes soil contamination in Pakistan?
A) Industrial waste dumping
B) Reforestation
C) Crop rotation
D) Terrace farming
✅ Correct Answer: A) Industrial waste dumping
⚡ Explanation: Hazardous waste pollutes soil.
45. Which climatic factor affects air pollution levels in winter in Lahore?
A) High winds
B) Temperature inversion trapping pollutants
C) Heavy rainfall
D) Increased sunshine
✅ Correct Answer: B) Temperature inversion trapping pollutants
⚡ Explanation: Cold air traps smog near surface.
46. What percentage of Pakistan’s forest cover is lost annually due to deforestation?
A) About 0.5%
B) About 2%
C) About 5%
D) About 10%
✅ Correct Answer: B) About 2%
⚡ Explanation: Pakistan loses roughly 2% forest yearly.
47. What is a common method to combat desertification?
A) Deforestation
B) Afforestation and soil conservation
C) Urbanization
D) Mining
✅ Correct Answer: B) Afforestation and soil conservation
⚡ Explanation: Planting trees helps stop desert spread.
48. Which type of pollution causes the “smog” problem in cities?
A) Water pollution
B) Air pollution from vehicles and industries
C) Noise pollution
D) Soil pollution
✅ Correct Answer: B) Air pollution from vehicles and industries
⚡ Explanation: Smog results from smoke and fog mix.
49. Which natural disaster frequently affects Pakistan’s mountainous areas?
A) Earthquakes
B) Tornadoes
C) Tsunamis
D) Hurricanes
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Earthquakes

⚡ Explanation: Pakistan lies near tectonic fault lines.
50. Which practice leads to salinity and waterlogging in Pakistan?
A) Poor irrigation practices
B) Crop rotation
C) Afforestation
D) Urban development
✅ Correct Answer: A) Poor irrigation practices
⚡ Explanation: Excess irrigation raises water table, causing salinity.

51. Which province in Pakistan has the largest forest area?

A) Sindh
B) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
C) Punjab
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
⚡ Explanation: KP has the most forest cover in Pakistan.
52. Which mineral is often mined near deforested areas, worsening environmental
damage?
A) Coal
B) Copper
C) Salt
D) Gold
✅ Correct Answer: A) Coal
⚡ Explanation: Coal mining often leads to deforestation.
53. What is the main cause of water scarcity in urban Pakistan?
A) Excessive rainfall
B) Poor water management and growing population
C) Deforestation
D) Industrial growth
✅ Correct Answer: B) Poor water management and growing population
⚡ Explanation: Overuse and mismanagement limit water availability.
54. Which Pakistani city is famous for the Indus River dolphin, an endangered species?
A) Sukkur
B) Multan
C) Lahore
D) Islamabad
✅ Correct Answer: A) Sukkur
⚡ Explanation: Indus dolphins live mostly near Sukkur Barrage.
55. Which environmental issue is caused by rapid urbanization?
A) Decreased air pollution
B) Increased air and water pollution
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C) More forest cover

D) Better water quality
✅ Correct Answer: B) Increased air and water pollution
⚡ Explanation: Cities produce more waste and emissions.
56. What is the major cause of flooding in Pakistan during monsoon?
A) Snowfall
B) Heavy rainfall combined with deforestation and poor drainage
C) Earthquakes
D) Drought
✅ Correct Answer: B) Heavy rainfall combined with deforestation and poor drainage
⚡ Explanation: Trees absorb water; without them, floods worsen.
57. Which of these is a non-renewable natural resource?
A) Forests
B) Coal
C) Water
D) Solar energy
✅ Correct Answer: B) Coal
⚡ Explanation: Coal takes millions of years to form and is limited.
58. Which part of Pakistan is most affected by drought?
A) Northern mountains
B) Thar Desert and Balochistan
C) Coastal areas
D) Punjab plains
✅ Correct Answer: B) Thar Desert and Balochistan
⚡ Explanation: These areas have low rainfall and frequent droughts.
59. What is the main impact of air pollution on agriculture?
A) Improves crop yield
B) Damages crops and reduces productivity
C) Increases water availability
D) No impact
✅ Correct Answer: B) Damages crops and reduces productivity
⚡ Explanation: Pollutants can harm plants.
60. Which crop is most vulnerable to salinity caused by poor irrigation?
A) Wheat
B) Rice
C) Cotton
D) Sugarcane
✅ Correct Answer: C) Cotton
⚡ Explanation: Cotton is sensitive to salt-affected soils.
61. Which forest type is found in the northern mountainous region of Pakistan?
A) Mangrove forest
B) Coniferous forest
C) Tropical forest
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D) Deciduous forest
✅ Correct Answer: B) Coniferous forest
⚡ Explanation: Pine and fir trees dominate northern forests.
62. Which environmental issue threatens Pakistan’s coastal areas?
A) Desertification
B) Mangrove destruction and rising sea levels
C) Deforestation
D) Urban air pollution
✅ Correct Answer: B) Mangrove destruction and rising sea levels
⚡ Explanation: Coastal ecosystems are fragile.
63. What is the main cause of land degradation in Pakistan?
A) Urban parks
B) Overgrazing, deforestation, and poor irrigation
C) Afforestation
D) Flood control
✅ Correct Answer: B) Overgrazing, deforestation, and poor irrigation
⚡ Explanation: These degrade soil quality.
64. What role do wetlands play in Pakistan's environment?
A) Increase soil erosion
B) Support biodiversity and act as natural water filters
C) Cause floods
D) Increase desertification
✅ Correct Answer: B) Support biodiversity and act as natural water filters
⚡ Explanation: Wetlands are crucial for ecosystem health.
65. Which region has the highest urban population growth rate in Pakistan?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh, especially Karachi
C) Balochistan
D) Gilgit-Baltistan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh, especially Karachi
⚡ Explanation: Karachi is rapidly urbanizing.
66. Which natural disaster is common in Pakistan’s northern areas?
A) Tsunami
B) Earthquake
C) Cyclone
D) Tornado
✅ Correct Answer: B) Earthquake
⚡ Explanation: Northern Pakistan is tectonically active.
67. Which human activity has the most negative impact on Pakistan’s forests?
A) Wildlife conservation
B) Illegal logging and fuelwood collection
C) Ecotourism
D) Forest management
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Illegal logging and fuelwood collection

⚡ Explanation: These activities reduce forest cover.
68. Which gas is a major contributor to air pollution in Pakistan?
A) Oxygen
B) Carbon monoxide
C) Nitrogen
D) Hydrogen
✅ Correct Answer: B) Carbon monoxide
⚡ Explanation: Vehicle emissions produce carbon monoxide.
69. Which is the main cause of waterlogging in Pakistan?
A) Over-irrigation without proper drainage
B) Deforestation
C) Desertification
D) Floods
✅ Correct Answer: A) Over-irrigation without proper drainage
⚡ Explanation: Excess water raises water table.
70. What percentage of Pakistan's land is classified as arid or semi-arid?
A) About 50%
B) About 75%
C) About 30%
D) About 10%
✅ Correct Answer: B) About 75%
⚡ Explanation: Much of Pakistan is dry or semi-dry.
71. Which of the following is a renewable natural resource?
A) Coal
B) Forests
C) Oil
D) Natural gas
✅ Correct Answer: B) Forests
⚡ Explanation: Forests can regrow if managed properly.
72. Which city has implemented major tree plantation campaigns to combat air
pollution?
A) Lahore
B) Islamabad
C) Karachi
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: A) Lahore
⚡ Explanation: Lahore has launched large-scale green initiatives.
73. What is a major effect of water pollution on aquatic life?
A) Increased biodiversity
B) Depletion of oxygen and fish deaths
C) Cleaner water
D) Increased fish population
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Depletion of oxygen and fish deaths

⚡ Explanation: Pollutants reduce oxygen in water.
74. Which region experiences the coldest temperatures in Pakistan?
A) Thar Desert
B) Northern mountainous areas
C) Punjab plains
D) Coastal Karachi
✅ Correct Answer: B) Northern mountainous areas
⚡ Explanation: High altitudes cause very cold winters.
75. Which of the following is a consequence of rapid urbanization?
A) Increased green cover
B) Increased waste and pollution
C) Decreased air pollution
D) Improved water quality
✅ Correct Answer: B) Increased waste and pollution
⚡ Explanation: More people generate more waste.

76. What is the main source of noise pollution in Pakistani cities?

A) Construction activities and traffic
B) Farming
C) Forests
D) Rivers
✅ Correct Answer: A) Construction activities and traffic
⚡ Explanation: Urban noise mostly comes from vehicles and building work.
77. Which Pakistani city faces severe smog problems every winter?
A) Quetta
B) Lahore
C) Islamabad
D) Gwadar
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lahore
⚡ Explanation: Lahore’s geography and pollution cause winter smog.
78. Which desert in Pakistan is the largest?
A) Cholistan Desert
B) Thar Desert
C) Kharan Desert
D) Thal Desert
✅ Correct Answer: B) Thar Desert
⚡ Explanation: Thar Desert is the biggest desert in Pakistan.
79. What is the purpose of the Indus Waters Treaty?
A) Share forest resources
B) Share water of rivers between Pakistan and India
C) Control air pollution
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D) Regulate fishing rights

✅ Correct Answer: B) Share water of rivers between Pakistan and India
⚡ Explanation: Treaty allocates Indus river waters.
80. Which dam in Pakistan is the largest in terms of storage capacity?
A) Mangla Dam
B) Tarbela Dam
C) Warsak Dam
D) Diamer-Bhasha Dam
✅ Correct Answer: B) Tarbela Dam
⚡ Explanation: Tarbela is the world’s largest earth-filled dam.
81. What natural disaster struck Pakistan in October 2005 causing major devastation?
A) Floods
B) Earthquake
C) Cyclone
D) Drought
✅ Correct Answer: B) Earthquake
⚡ Explanation: The 2005 Kashmir earthquake caused huge damage.
82. Which factor increases the risk of floods in Pakistan?
A) Forest cover increase
B) Heavy monsoon rains and poor drainage systems
C) Desertification
D) Droughts
✅ Correct Answer: B) Heavy monsoon rains and poor drainage systems
⚡ Explanation: Excess rain and blocked drains cause floods.
83. Which of these is a major effect of drought?
A) Increased crop production
B) Water shortage and famine
C) More rainfall
D) Decreased soil erosion
✅ Correct Answer: B) Water shortage and famine
⚡ Explanation: Drought reduces water availability.
84. What is a significant consequence of melting glaciers in northern Pakistan?
A) Sea-level rise
B) Increased river flow and flooding
C) Increased desertification
D) Decreased river flow
✅ Correct Answer: B) Increased river flow and flooding
⚡ Explanation: Glacial melt causes floods downstream.
85. Which mineral resource is Pakistan rich in and has the Khewra Mine for it?
A) Gold
B) Salt
C) Coal
D) Copper
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Salt

⚡ Explanation: Khewra Salt Mine is famous worldwide.
86. Which province is home to Pakistan’s largest coal reserves?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh
⚡ Explanation: Thar coalfield in Sindh has huge coal reserves.
87. What is the main environmental threat to the Indus River?
A) Pollution from factories and sewage
B) Overfishing
C) Excessive rainfall
D) Deforestation
✅ Correct Answer: A) Pollution from factories and sewage
⚡ Explanation: Wastewater degrades river water quality.
88. Which of the following contributes to desertification in Pakistan?
A) Afforestation
B) Overgrazing and deforestation
C) Proper irrigation
D) Flood control
✅ Correct Answer: B) Overgrazing and deforestation
⚡ Explanation: These degrade vegetation cover.
89. Which major Pakistani city is located near the Arabian Sea?
A) Islamabad
B) Quetta
C) Karachi
D) Lahore
✅ Correct Answer: C) Karachi
⚡ Explanation: Karachi is Pakistan’s largest coastal city.
90. Which of these natural resources is crucial for Pakistan’s energy production?
A) Forests
B) Coal and natural gas
C) Salt
D) Gold
✅ Correct Answer: B) Coal and natural gas
⚡ Explanation: Coal and gas provide major energy sources.
91. What is a major cause of water pollution in Pakistan’s rivers?
A) Rainwater
B) Untreated sewage and industrial waste
C) Snowmelt
D) Groundwater recharge
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Untreated sewage and industrial waste

⚡ Explanation: Waste dumped directly pollutes rivers.
92. Which climatic zone covers most of Pakistan?
A) Tropical rainforest
B) Arid and semi-arid
C) Temperate
D) Alpine
✅ Correct Answer: B) Arid and semi-arid
⚡ Explanation: Majority of Pakistan’s land is dry or semi-dry.
93. Which is the main reason for urban sprawl in Pakistani cities?
A) Decrease in population
B) Rural to urban migration
C) Industrial decline
D) Decrease in birth rate
✅ Correct Answer: B) Rural to urban migration
⚡ Explanation: People move to cities seeking jobs.
94. Which province has the highest population density?
A) Sindh
B) Balochistan
C) Punjab
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: C) Punjab
⚡ Explanation: Punjab is Pakistan’s most populous province.
95. Which city is the capital of Pakistan?
A) Karachi
B) Lahore
C) Islamabad
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: C) Islamabad
⚡ Explanation: Islamabad is the federal capital.
96. Which river is called the “lifeline of Pakistan”?
A) Ravi
B) Chenab
C) Indus
D) Jhelum
✅ Correct Answer: C) Indus
⚡ Explanation: Indus River supports agriculture and population.
97. Which crop is mainly grown in the Punjab plains due to fertile soil?
A) Wheat
B) Maize
C) Rice
D) Cotton
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✅ Correct Answer: A) Wheat

⚡ Explanation: Punjab is Pakistan’s breadbasket.
98. Which Pakistani province is known for its rugged mountainous terrain?
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
⚡ Explanation: KP is home to Hindu Kush and Himalayas.
99. Which natural resource is used as a major source of energy in rural Pakistan?
A) Coal
B) Firewood and biomass
C) Solar energy
D) Natural gas
✅ Correct Answer: B) Firewood and biomass
⚡ Explanation: Rural households rely on traditional fuels.
100. Which city is known as the "City of Gardens"?
A) Lahore
B) Islamabad
C) Karachi
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: A) Lahore
⚡ Explanation: Lahore has many parks and historic gardens.

Borders and Neighboring Countries of Pakistan

1. Which country shares the longest border with Pakistan?
A) India
B) Afghanistan
C) Iran
D) China
✅ Correct Answer: A) India
⚡ Explanation: Pakistan-India border is approximately 2,900 km long.
2. Which mountain range forms a natural border between Pakistan and China?
A) Hindu Kush
B) Karakoram
C) Himalayas
D) Sulaiman
✅ Correct Answer: B) Karakoram
⚡ Explanation: The Karakoram range separates Pakistan and China.
3. Which Pakistani province shares a border with Iran?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
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D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: C) Balochistan
⚡ Explanation: Balochistan borders Iran to the west.
4. The Durand Line separates Pakistan from which country?
A) India
B) Afghanistan
C) China
D) Iran
✅ Correct Answer: B) Afghanistan
⚡ Explanation: The Durand Line is Pakistan-Afghanistan border.
5. Which region is strategically important due to its proximity to China and India?
A) Balochistan
B) Kashmir
C) Sindh
D) Punjab
✅ Correct Answer: B) Kashmir
⚡ Explanation: Kashmir borders both India and Pakistan and near China.
6. Which Pakistani city lies near the border with Afghanistan?
A) Lahore
B) Quetta
C) Peshawar
D) Karachi
✅ Correct Answer: C) Peshawar
⚡ Explanation: Peshawar is close to the Pakistan-Afghanistan border.
7. What is the name of the border crossing between Pakistan and India near Kashmir?
A) Wagah
B) Chaman
C) Torkham
D) Gawadar
✅ Correct Answer: A) Wagah
⚡ Explanation: Wagah is the main Pakistan-India border post near Lahore.
8. Which country shares a border with Pakistan’s Gilgit-Baltistan region?
A) Afghanistan
B) China
C) India
D) Iran
✅ Correct Answer: B) China
⚡ Explanation: Gilgit-Baltistan borders China to the north.
9. The strategic Karakoram Highway connects Pakistan with which country?
A) India
B) Afghanistan
C) China
D) Iran
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✅ Correct Answer: C) China

⚡ Explanation: Karakoram Highway links Pakistan and China.
10. Which Pakistani border area is known for frequent cross-border trade with Iran?
A) Torkham
B) Chaman
C) Wagah
D) Gawadar
✅ Correct Answer: B) Chaman
⚡ Explanation: Chaman is a major Pakistan-Iran border town.
11. Which Pakistani province shares borders with both Afghanistan and Iran?
A) Sindh
B) Balochistan
C) Punjab
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: B) Balochistan
⚡ Explanation: Balochistan borders both Iran and Afghanistan.
12. Which country does NOT share a border with Pakistan?
A) India
B) Afghanistan
C) Nepal
D) Iran
✅ Correct Answer: C) Nepal
⚡ Explanation: Nepal does not border Pakistan.
13. Which city is closest to Pakistan’s border with China?
A) Islamabad
B) Gilgit
C) Lahore
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: B) Gilgit
⚡ Explanation: Gilgit-Baltistan borders China.
14. Which mountain range runs along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border?
A) Sulaiman Mountains
B) Karakoram
C) Hindu Kush
D) Himalayas
✅ Correct Answer: C) Hindu Kush
⚡ Explanation: Hindu Kush lies between Pakistan and Afghanistan.
15. The Rann of Kutch dispute involved Pakistan and which country?
A) China
B) India
C) Afghanistan
D) Iran
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✅ Correct Answer: B) India

⚡ Explanation: The Rann of Kutch is a disputed area between India and Pakistan.
16. Which border is considered the most militarized in the world?
A) Pakistan-Afghanistan
B) Pakistan-China
C) Pakistan-India
D) Pakistan-Iran
✅ Correct Answer: C) Pakistan-India
⚡ Explanation: The Pakistan-India border, especially Kashmir, is highly militarized.
17. The Pakistan-Afghanistan border crossing at Torkham connects which Pakistani
region?
A) Punjab
B) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
C) Sindh
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
⚡ Explanation: Torkham is in KP near the Afghan border.
18. Which river forms part of the border between Pakistan and India?
A) Jhelum
B) Ravi
C) Chenab
D) All of the above
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of the above
⚡ Explanation: All three rivers flow along parts of the border.
19. Which border area is important for CPEC (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor)?
A) Gwadar
B) Wagah
C) Chaman
D) Torkham
✅ Correct Answer: A) Gwadar
⚡ Explanation: Gwadar port in Balochistan is key for CPEC.
20. Which region lies at the intersection of borders of Pakistan, India, and China?
A) Gilgit-Baltistan
B) Kashmir
C) Balochistan
D) Sindh
✅ Correct Answer: B) Kashmir
⚡ Explanation: Kashmir borders all three countries.
21. Which Pakistani city is near the border with Iran?
A) Lahore
B) Quetta
C) Peshawar
D) Islamabad
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Quetta

⚡ Explanation: Quetta is the capital of Balochistan near Iran.
22. Which neighboring country of Pakistan is landlocked?
A) India
B) Afghanistan
C) Iran
D) China
✅ Correct Answer: B) Afghanistan
⚡ Explanation: Afghanistan has no coastline.
23. Which country has a maritime border with Pakistan?
A) Afghanistan
B) India
C) Iran
D) China
✅ Correct Answer: B) India
⚡ Explanation: Pakistan and India share maritime boundaries in the Arabian Sea.
24. Which mountain range is located in northern Pakistan and extends into China?
A) Sulaiman Mountains
B) Karakoram Range
C) Hindu Kush
D) Thar Range
✅ Correct Answer: B) Karakoram Range
⚡ Explanation: Karakoram spans northern Pakistan and China.
25. Which border area is famous for the Wagah border ceremony?
A) Pakistan-Afghanistan border
B) Pakistan-India border near Lahore
C) Pakistan-China border
D) Pakistan-Iran border
✅ Correct Answer: B) Pakistan-India border near Lahore
⚡ Explanation: Wagah border near Lahore hosts daily flag-lowering ceremony.

26. Which country shares a border with Pakistan to the west?

A) India
B) Afghanistan
C) China
D) Nepal
✅ Correct Answer: B) Afghanistan
⚡ Explanation: Afghanistan lies west of Pakistan.
27. Which desert lies near Pakistan’s border with India?
A) Thar Desert
B) Cholistan Desert
C) Kharan Desert
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D) Thal Desert
✅ Correct Answer: A) Thar Desert
⚡ Explanation: Thar Desert stretches into India and Pakistan near the border.
28. What is the significance of the Gilgit-Baltistan region for Pakistan?
A) Major agricultural area
B) Strategic border with China and India
C) Coastal port city
D) Desert area
✅ Correct Answer: B) Strategic border with China and India
⚡ Explanation: Gilgit-Baltistan borders China and disputed Kashmir.
29. Which Pakistani border town connects Pakistan with Afghanistan’s Kandahar
province?
A) Torkham
B) Chaman
C) Wagah
D) Gawadar
✅ Correct Answer: B) Chaman
⚡ Explanation: Chaman is near Kandahar on Afghan side.
30. Which Pakistani province borders the Arabian Sea?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
D) Gilgit-Baltistan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh
⚡ Explanation: Sindh has a long coastline along Arabian Sea.
31. Which Pakistani city is known as the gateway to Afghanistan?
A) Islamabad
B) Peshawar
C) Karachi
D) Lahore
✅ Correct Answer: B) Peshawar
⚡ Explanation: Peshawar is near the Khyber Pass leading to Afghanistan.
32. Which river is important for both Pakistan and India in the Punjab region?
A) Indus
B) Chenab
C) Jhelum
D) Sutlej
✅ Correct Answer: B) Chenab
⚡ Explanation: Chenab flows through Punjab, shared by both countries.
33. Which border is the least militarized among Pakistan’s neighbors?
A) Pakistan-India
B) Pakistan-Afghanistan
C) Pakistan-China
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D) Pakistan-Iran
✅ Correct Answer: C) Pakistan-China
⚡ Explanation: Pakistan-China border is peaceful and cooperative.
34. Which mountain pass connects Pakistan with China?
A) Khyber Pass
B) Bolan Pass
C) Khunjerab Pass
D) Gomal Pass
✅ Correct Answer: C) Khunjerab Pass
⚡ Explanation: Khunjerab Pass is the highest border crossing to China.
35. Which is Pakistan’s eastern neighboring country?
A) Afghanistan
B) India
C) Iran
D) China
✅ Correct Answer: B) India
⚡ Explanation: India lies east of Pakistan.
36. Which Pakistani province borders the Indian state of Rajasthan?
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: A) Sindh
⚡ Explanation: Sindh borders Rajasthan state in India.
37. Which border crossing is famous for bilateral trade between Pakistan and
Afghanistan?
A) Wagah
B) Chaman
C) Torkham
D) Khunjerab
✅ Correct Answer: C) Torkham
⚡ Explanation: Torkham is a major trade route.
38. Which country shares a short border with Pakistan in the north?
A) Nepal
B) China
C) Afghanistan
D) Iran
✅ Correct Answer: B) China
⚡ Explanation: Pakistan-China border is relatively short compared to others.
39. What is the name of the Pakistan-India border line in Kashmir?
A) Line of Control
B) Durand Line
C) Radcliffe Line
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D) Wagah Line
✅ Correct Answer: A) Line of Control
⚡ Explanation: LOC separates Pakistani and Indian-controlled Kashmir.
40. Which city is near the Pakistan-China border and serves as a gateway for trade?
A) Islamabad
B) Gilgit
C) Skardu
D) Islamabad
✅ Correct Answer: B) Gilgit
⚡ Explanation: Gilgit is a key northern city near the border.
41. Which of the following is NOT a neighboring country of Pakistan?
A) India
B) Bangladesh
C) China
D) Iran
✅ Correct Answer: B) Bangladesh
⚡ Explanation: Bangladesh does not share a border with Pakistan.
42. The Khyber Pass connects Pakistan with which country?
A) Iran
B) India
C) Afghanistan
D) China
✅ Correct Answer: C) Afghanistan
⚡ Explanation: Khyber Pass is a famous route to Afghanistan.
43. Which Pakistani province borders Afghanistan’s Khost province?
A) Sindh
B) Balochistan
C) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
D) Punjab
✅ Correct Answer: C) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
⚡ Explanation: KP borders Khost province.
44. Which Pakistani city is close to the border with India and famous for its food and
culture?
A) Karachi
B) Lahore
C) Quetta
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lahore
⚡ Explanation: Lahore is near the India border.
45. Which Pakistani border is considered vital for national security due to insurgency
risks?
A) Pakistan-Iran border
B) Pakistan-Afghanistan border
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C) Pakistan-China border
D) Pakistan-India border
✅ Correct Answer: B) Pakistan-Afghanistan border
⚡ Explanation: The Afghanistan border is sensitive due to militancy.
46. Which Pakistani port city is closest to the Iran border?
A) Karachi
B) Gwadar
C) Karachi
D) Lahore
✅ Correct Answer: B) Gwadar
⚡ Explanation: Gwadar is near the Iran border on the Arabian Sea.
47. Which of these borders is mostly mountainous?
A) Pakistan-India
B) Pakistan-Afghanistan
C) Pakistan-Iran
D) Pakistan-China
✅ Correct Answer: D) Pakistan-China
⚡ Explanation: The Karakoram mountains dominate this border.
48. Which border crossing is famous for the daily flag-lowering ceremony?
A) Torkham
B) Chaman
C) Wagah
D) Khunjerab
✅ Correct Answer: C) Wagah
⚡ Explanation: Wagah border ceremony is a tourist attraction.
49. Which country’s border with Pakistan is known as the Durand Line?
A) China
B) India
C) Afghanistan
D) Iran
✅ Correct Answer: C) Afghanistan
⚡ Explanation: The Durand Line is the official Afghanistan-Pakistan border.
50. Which region in Pakistan is strategically important due to its location near the
borders of India, China, and Afghanistan?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Gilgit-Baltistan
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Gilgit-Baltistan
⚡ Explanation: Gilgit-Baltistan borders all three countries.
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51. Which country lies to the south of Pakistan?

A) India
B) Afghanistan
C) Arabian Sea
D) Iran
✅ Correct Answer: C) Arabian Sea
⚡ Explanation: Arabian Sea lies south of Pakistan.
52. Which border separates Pakistan’s Balochistan from Iran?
A) Rann of Kutch
B) Durand Line
C) Pak-Iran Border
D) LOC
✅ Correct Answer: C) Pak-Iran Border
⚡ Explanation: Pakistan shares a border with Iran in Balochistan.
53. Which border town is known as Pakistan’s main gateway to Central Asia?
A) Wagah
B) Torkham
C) Khunjerab
D) Chaman
✅ Correct Answer: C) Khunjerab
⚡ Explanation: Khunjerab connects Pakistan with China and Central Asia.
54. Which Pakistani province shares the border with India’s Jammu and Kashmir?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
D) Gilgit-Baltistan
✅ Correct Answer: D) Gilgit-Baltistan
⚡ Explanation: Gilgit-Baltistan borders Indian-administered Kashmir.
55. The border between Pakistan and Afghanistan is mostly:
A) Desert
B) Mountainous
C) Coastal
D) Plains
✅ Correct Answer: B) Mountainous
⚡ Explanation: The border runs through the Hindu Kush mountains.
56. Which border is the shortest among Pakistan’s borders?
A) Pakistan-India
B) Pakistan-China
C) Pakistan-Afghanistan
D) Pakistan-Iran
✅ Correct Answer: B) Pakistan-China
⚡ Explanation: Pakistan-China border is about 523 km long.
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57. Which city is the capital of Balochistan, near the Afghan border?
A) Gwadar
B) Quetta
C) Chaman
D) Karachi
✅ Correct Answer: B) Quetta
⚡ Explanation: Quetta is the provincial capital near Afghanistan.
58. Which city lies at the eastern end of the Pakistan-India border?
A) Lahore
B) Wagah
C) Sialkot
D) Karachi
✅ Correct Answer: C) Sialkot
⚡ Explanation: Sialkot is near India-Pakistan eastern border.
59. Which neighboring country of Pakistan is a nuclear-armed state?
A) Iran
B) China
C) India
D) Afghanistan
✅ Correct Answer: C) India
⚡ Explanation: India is a nuclear state sharing a border with Pakistan.
60. Which river flows along part of the Pakistan-Iran border?
A) Indus
B) Helmand
C) Ganges
D) None
✅ Correct Answer: B) Helmand
⚡ Explanation: Helmand River partly flows in the Pak-Iran border area.
61. Which sea lies to the south of Pakistan?
A) Red Sea
B) Arabian Sea
C) Caspian Sea
D) Mediterranean Sea
✅ Correct Answer: B) Arabian Sea
⚡ Explanation: Pakistan’s southern coast is on the Arabian Sea.
62. Which Pakistani city lies closest to the Wagah border?
A) Lahore
B) Islamabad
C) Quetta
D) Peshawar
✅ Correct Answer: A) Lahore
⚡ Explanation: Wagah border is near Lahore.
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63. Which border region is known for the Siachen Glacier conflict?
A) Balochistan
B) Kashmir
C) Gilgit-Baltistan
D) Punjab
✅ Correct Answer: C) Gilgit-Baltistan
⚡ Explanation: Siachen lies in Gilgit-Baltistan region.
64. Which region of Pakistan borders Afghanistan’s Nangarhar province?
A) Punjab
B) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
C) Sindh
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
⚡ Explanation: Nangarhar is adjacent to KP province.
65. Which Pakistani border crossing is famous for trade with Iran?
A) Wagah
B) Chaman
C) Torkham
D) Khunjerab
✅ Correct Answer: B) Chaman
⚡ Explanation: Chaman is a major trade point with Iran.
66. The Pak-China border is primarily protected by which mountain pass?
A) Bolan Pass
B) Khyber Pass
C) Khunjerab Pass
D) Gomal Pass
✅ Correct Answer: C) Khunjerab Pass
⚡ Explanation: Khunjerab is the main crossing to China.
67. Which province’s border with India is mostly desert?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh
⚡ Explanation: Sindh shares a desert border with Rajasthan.
68. Which city is a major port near Pakistan’s border with Iran?
A) Karachi
B) Gwadar
C) Quetta
D) Lahore
✅ Correct Answer: B) Gwadar
⚡ Explanation: Gwadar is a deep-sea port in Balochistan.
 340

69. Which border has the most checkpoints and fences?

A) Pakistan-China
B) Pakistan-India
C) Pakistan-Afghanistan
D) Pakistan-Iran
✅ Correct Answer: B) Pakistan-India
⚡ Explanation: India-Pakistan border is highly secured.
70. Which mountain range lies between Pakistan and Afghanistan?
A) Himalayas
B) Hindu Kush
C) Karakoram
D) Sulaiman
✅ Correct Answer: B) Hindu Kush
⚡ Explanation: Hindu Kush runs along Pak-Afghan border.
71. Which Pakistani province does NOT share a border with any other country?
A) Sindh
B) Punjab
C) Gilgit-Baltistan
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Punjab
⚡ Explanation: Punjab borders India but no other country.
72. Which border crossing is located near Peshawar?
A) Torkham
B) Chaman
C) Wagah
D) Khunjerab
✅ Correct Answer: A) Torkham
⚡ Explanation: Torkham is near Peshawar.
73. Which is the northernmost region of Pakistan?
A) Punjab
B) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
C) Gilgit-Baltistan
D) Sindh
✅ Correct Answer: C) Gilgit-Baltistan
⚡ Explanation: Gilgit-Baltistan is in the north.
74. Which neighboring country of Pakistan has the largest land area?
A) India
B) Afghanistan
C) China
D) Iran
✅ Correct Answer: C) China
⚡ Explanation: China is the largest among Pakistan’s neighbors.
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75. Which body of water separates Pakistan from the Arabian Peninsula?
A) Red Sea
B) Persian Gulf
C) Arabian Sea
D) Caspian Sea
✅ Correct Answer: C) Arabian Sea
⚡ Explanation: Arabian Sea lies south of Pakistan and west of Arabian Peninsula.

Geographical Extremes
K2 – Highest Point of Pakistan
1. Which is the highest mountain in Pakistan?
A) Nanga Parbat
B) Mount Everest
C) K2
D) Broad Peak
✅ Correct Answer: C) K2
⚡ Explanation: K2 is the highest mountain in Pakistan and second highest in the world.
2. K2 is also known as?
A) Mount Rakaposhi
B) Mount Godwin-Austen
C) Mount Makalu
D) Mount Kailash
✅ Correct Answer: B) Mount Godwin-Austen
⚡ Explanation: The English name of K2 is Mount Godwin-Austen.
3. Height of K2 is?
A) 8,848 m
B) 8,611 m
C) 8,126 m
D) 7,611 m
✅ Correct Answer: B) 8,611 m
⚡ Explanation: K2 stands 8,611 meters above sea level.
4. K2 lies in which mountain range?
A) Himalayas
B) Karakoram
C) Hindu Kush
D) Suleiman Range
✅ Correct Answer: B) Karakoram
⚡ Explanation: K2 is part of the Karakoram mountain range.
5. In which region is K2 located?
A) Punjab
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B) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
C) Gilgit-Baltistan
D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: C) Gilgit-Baltistan
⚡ Explanation: K2 is situated in Gilgit-Baltistan, near China border.
6. K2 is the ___ highest mountain in the world.
A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) Fourth
✅ Correct Answer: B) Second
⚡ Explanation: Mount Everest is first, K2 is second highest.
7. Which country shares border near K2?
A) India
B) Afghanistan
C) China
D) Iran
✅ Correct Answer: C) China
⚡ Explanation: K2 lies close to Pakistan–China border.
8. The first Pakistani to climb K2 was?
A) Nazir Sabir
B) Ashraf Aman
C) Ali Sadpara
D) Abdul Jabbar Bhatti
✅ Correct Answer: B) Ashraf Aman
⚡ Explanation: Ashraf Aman climbed K2 in 1977.
9. Why is K2 called the “Savage Mountain”?
A) Too many earthquakes
B) Harsh weather and difficult climbing
C) It is volcanic
D) It changes height
✅ Correct Answer: B) Harsh weather and difficult climbing
⚡ Explanation: K2 is one of the deadliest peaks to climb.
10. Broad Peak is near which mountain?
A) Nanga Parbat
B) K2
C) Tirich Mir
D) Rakaposhi
✅ Correct Answer: B) K2
⚡ Explanation: Broad Peak lies close to K2 in Karakoram.
11. Which glacier surrounds K2?
A) Baltoro Glacier
B) Siachen Glacier
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C) Batura Glacier
D) Hopper Glacier
✅ Correct Answer: A) Baltoro Glacier
⚡ Explanation: Baltoro Glacier lies at the foot of K2.
12. K2 was first surveyed in which year?
A) 1856
B) 1909
C) 1954
D) 1977
✅ Correct Answer: A) 1856
⚡ Explanation: It was first surveyed by T.G. Montgomerie in 1856.
13. Who made the first successful climb of K2?
A) Pakistani team
B) Italian climbers
C) Japanese climbers
D) Chinese climbers
✅ Correct Answer: B) Italian climbers
⚡ Explanation: Italians Achille Compagnoni and Lino Lacedelli climbed it in 1954.
14. What is the local name of K2?
A) Chogori
B) Nangaparbat
C) Deosai
D) Rakhiot
✅ Correct Answer: A) Chogori
⚡ Explanation: Locals call K2 "Chogori" meaning big mountain.
15. Which is more difficult to climb?
A) Everest
B) K2
✅ Correct Answer: B) K2
⚡ Explanation: K2 has steeper slopes and harsher weather.
16. Which mountain is called “Killer Mountain”?
A) K2
B) Nanga Parbat
C) Rakaposhi
D) Tirich Mir
✅ Correct Answer: B) Nanga Parbat
⚡ Explanation: Nanga Parbat is called “Killer Mountain,” not K2.
17. K2 lies near which pass?
A) Khunjerab Pass
B) Khyber Pass
C) Shandur Pass
D) Mustagh Pass
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✅ Correct Answer: D) Mustagh Pass

⚡ Explanation: Mustagh Pass is close to K2.
18. K2 is the highest peak of which range?
A) Karakoram
B) Hindu Kush
C) Himalayas
D) Salt Range
✅ Correct Answer: A) Karakoram
⚡ Explanation: K2 is the tallest in Karakoram Range.
19. Which is higher: K2 or Tirich Mir?
A) K2
B) Tirich Mir
✅ Correct Answer: A) K2
⚡ Explanation: Tirich Mir (7,708 m) is lower than K2 (8,611 m).
20. How many people approximately have died on K2?
A) 50
B) 100+
C) 200+
D) None
✅ Correct Answer: B) 100+
⚡ Explanation: K2 has one of the highest fatality rates.
21. K2 is part of which famous group of mountains?
A) Pamirs
B) Karakoram Eight-thousanders
C) Hindu Kush chain
D) Salt Range peaks
✅ Correct Answer: B) Karakoram Eight-thousanders
⚡ Explanation: Pakistan hosts several “8,000m” peaks in Karakoram.
22. The first woman to climb K2 was from?
A) Pakistan
B) Poland
C) Italy
D) USA
✅ Correct Answer: B) Poland
⚡ Explanation: Wanda Rutkiewicz from Poland climbed K2 in 1986.
23. Which month is considered best to climb K2?
A) January
B) March
C) July
D) December
✅ Correct Answer: C) July
⚡ Explanation: Summer months are best for climbing attempts.
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24. Which famous Pakistani mountaineer died on K2 in 2021?

A) Nazir Sabir
B) Ashraf Aman
C) Ali Sadpara
D) Abdul Jabbar Bhatti
✅ Correct Answer: C) Ali Sadpara
⚡ Explanation: Ali Sadpara went missing during K2 winter climb 2021.
25. K2 is sometimes called the “Mountaineers’ Mountain” because?
A) It is easy
B) It is untouched
C) It is very challenging
D) It has hotels
✅ Correct Answer: C) It is very challenging
⚡ Explanation: Climbers respect K2 for its extreme difficulty.

Karachi & Sea Level

26. The lowest point of Pakistan is at?
A) Lahore
B) Karachi (Sea Level)
C) Quetta
D) Multan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Karachi (Sea Level)
⚡ Explanation: Karachi lies at sea level on the Arabian Sea coast.
27. Karachi is located along which sea?
A) Caspian Sea
B) Red Sea
C) Arabian Sea
D) Mediterranean Sea
✅ Correct Answer: C) Arabian Sea
⚡ Explanation: Karachi lies on the Arabian Sea coast.
28. Karachi is the capital of which province?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh
⚡ Explanation: Karachi is the provincial capital of Sindh.
29. Karachi is Pakistan’s ___ city by population.
A) Smallest
B) Second largest
C) Largest
D) Third largest
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Largest

⚡ Explanation: Karachi is the largest city of Pakistan by population.
30. Karachi is often called the ___ of Pakistan.
A) City of Gardens
B) City of Lights
C) City of Saints
D) City of Mountains
✅ Correct Answer: B) City of Lights
⚡ Explanation: Karachi is popularly called the City of Lights.
31. Karachi is situated near which delta?
A) Indus Delta
B) Nile Delta
C) Mekong Delta
D) Ganges Delta
✅ Correct Answer: A) Indus Delta
⚡ Explanation: The Indus River forms a delta near Karachi.
32. Karachi Port is also known as?
A) Gwadar Port
B) Qasim Port
C) Kiamari Port
D) Bin Qasim Dockyard
✅ Correct Answer: C) Kiamari Port
⚡ Explanation: The main Karachi Port is located at Kiamari.
33. Which major seaport is in Karachi?
A) Gwadar Port
B) Port Qasim
C) Karachi Port
D) All of these
✅ Correct Answer: D) All of these
⚡ Explanation: Karachi hosts both Karachi Port and Port Qasim.
34. Karachi lies at which approximate altitude above sea level?
A) 0–30 meters
B) 100–200 meters
C) 500 meters
D) 1000 meters
✅ Correct Answer: A) 0–30 meters
⚡ Explanation: Karachi’s altitude is close to sea level.
35. The famous Clifton beach is located in?
A) Gwadar
B) Ormara
C) Karachi
D) Pasni
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Karachi

⚡ Explanation: Clifton is a famous seaside area in Karachi.
36. Which river is closest to Karachi?
A) Jhelum
B) Indus
C) Chenab
D) Ravi
✅ Correct Answer: B) Indus
⚡ Explanation: The Indus River flows near Karachi into the Arabian Sea.
37. Karachi was the first capital of Pakistan until?
A) 1950
B) 1955
C) 1959
D) 1967
✅ Correct Answer: C) 1959
⚡ Explanation: Karachi was Pakistan’s capital until 1959.
38. Karachi’s famous national mausoleum is?
A) Allama Iqbal’s tomb
B) Quaid-e-Azam’s mausoleum
C) Liaquat Ali Khan’s grave
D) Fatima Jinnah’s mausoleum
✅ Correct Answer: B) Quaid-e-Azam’s mausoleum
⚡ Explanation: Mazar-e-Quaid is the tomb of Muhammad Ali Jinnah in Karachi.
39. Which sea-related industry is most common in Karachi?
A) Oil drilling
B) Shipbuilding and fishing
C) Tourism only
D) Coal mining
✅ Correct Answer: B) Shipbuilding and fishing
⚡ Explanation: Karachi has shipyards and is a hub for fishing.
40. Karachi coastline length is approximately?
A) 10 km
B) 50 km
C) 70 km
D) 100 km
✅ Correct Answer: C) 70 km
⚡ Explanation: Karachi has around 70 km of coastline.
41. Which is the second largest port of Karachi?
A) Keti Bandar
B) Ormara Port
C) Port Qasim
D) Pasni Port
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✅ Correct Answer: C) Port Qasim

⚡ Explanation: Port Qasim is the second major port near Karachi.
42. Karachi connects Pakistan to world trade mainly through?
A) Airports
B) Highways
C) Seaports
D) Railways
✅ Correct Answer: C) Seaports
⚡ Explanation: Karachi’s seaports handle most of Pakistan’s foreign trade.
43. Karachi lies on which latitude approximately?
A) 24° N
B) 30° N
C) 36° N
D) 40° N
✅ Correct Answer: A) 24° N
⚡ Explanation: Karachi is near 24° North latitude.
44. Karachi’s climate is mainly?
A) Desert
B) Coastal/Maritime
C) Mountainous
D) Arctic
✅ Correct Answer: B) Coastal/Maritime
⚡ Explanation: Karachi has hot summers and mild winters due to sea breeze.
45. The main naval headquarters of Pakistan Navy is in?
A) Gwadar
B) Karachi
C) Ormara
D) Jiwani
✅ Correct Answer: B) Karachi
⚡ Explanation: Pakistan Navy’s central base is located in Karachi.
46. Karachi’s sea water body directly connects to?
A) Red Sea
B) Bay of Bengal
C) Arabian Sea
D) Caspian Sea
✅ Correct Answer: C) Arabian Sea
⚡ Explanation: Karachi directly opens into the Arabian Sea.
47. The lowest elevation point in Pakistan is at?
A) K2
B) Karachi sea level
C) Quetta valley
D) Cholistan Desert
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Karachi sea level

⚡ Explanation: Karachi is at sea level, the lowest natural point in Pakistan.
48. Which is Pakistan’s busiest airport located in Karachi?
A) Bacha Khan International
B) Allama Iqbal International
C) Jinnah International
D) Multan International
✅ Correct Answer: C) Jinnah International
⚡ Explanation: Karachi’s Jinnah International Airport is the busiest.
49. Karachi contributes how much to Pakistan’s total GDP approximately?
A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 25%
D) Over 30%
✅ Correct Answer: D) Over 30%
⚡ Explanation: Karachi is Pakistan’s economic hub.
50. Karachi is important geographically because?
A) It has mountains
B) It has fertile fields
C) It has a long coastline and seaports
D) It has oil wells
✅ Correct Answer: C) It has a long coastline and seaports
⚡ Explanation: Karachi links Pakistan to the world through sea trade.

Thar Desert – Largest Desert of Pakistan

51. The largest desert of Pakistan is?
A) Thal Desert
B) Thar Desert
C) Cholistan Desert
D) Kharan Desert
✅ Correct Answer: B) Thar Desert
⚡ Explanation: Thar is the largest desert of Pakistan.
52. Thar Desert is mainly located in which province?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Balochistan
D) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh
⚡ Explanation: Most of the Thar Desert lies in Sindh province.
53. Thar Desert also extends into which neighboring country?
A) Afghanistan
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B) China
C) India
D) Iran
✅ Correct Answer: C) India
⚡ Explanation: Thar spreads across Pakistan and India.
54. Approximate area of Thar Desert in Pakistan is?
A) 10,000 sq km
B) 20,000 sq km
C) 22,000 sq km
D) 50,000 sq km
✅ Correct Answer: C) 22,000 sq km
⚡ Explanation: Thar Desert covers nearly 22,000 square km in Pakistan.
55. The climate of Thar Desert is mostly?
A) Polar
B) Hot and dry
C) Rainy and humid
D) Snowy
✅ Correct Answer: B) Hot and dry
⚡ Explanation: Thar Desert has arid climate with very little rainfall.
56. Main source of water in Thar Desert is?
A) Rainwater
B) Rivers
C) Lakes
D) Sea water
✅ Correct Answer: A) Rainwater
⚡ Explanation: Rainfall is the main source of water in Thar Desert.
57. Which district of Sindh covers a large part of Thar Desert?
A) Larkana
B) Tharparkar
C) Hyderabad
D) Sukkur
✅ Correct Answer: B) Tharparkar
⚡ Explanation: Tharparkar district includes a major portion of Thar Desert.
58. Thar Desert is famous for which natural resource?
A) Gold
B) Coal
C) Oil
D) Copper
✅ Correct Answer: B) Coal
⚡ Explanation: Thar coal reserves are one of the largest in the world.
59. Approximate coal reserves in Thar are?
A) 50 million tons
B) 175 billion tons
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C) 10 billion tons
D) 100 million tons
✅ Correct Answer: B) 175 billion tons
⚡ Explanation: Thar holds around 175 billion tons of coal reserves.
60. Thar Desert lies to the ___ of River Indus.
A) East
B) West
C) North
D) South
✅ Correct Answer: A) East
⚡ Explanation: Thar Desert is located east of River Indus.
61. Which vegetation is mostly found in Thar Desert?
A) Thick forests
B) Shrubs and thorny bushes
C) Rice fields
D) Fruit orchards
✅ Correct Answer: B) Shrubs and thorny bushes
⚡ Explanation: Desert vegetation includes thorny bushes and shrubs.
62. Thar Desert is locally also called?
A) Registan
B) Cholistan
C) Great Indian Desert
D) Sandy Plain
✅ Correct Answer: C) Great Indian Desert
⚡ Explanation: Thar is part of the Great Indian Desert.
63. Which animal is most suited for transport in Thar Desert?
A) Horse
B) Camel
C) Donkey
D) Elephant
✅ Correct Answer: B) Camel
⚡ Explanation: Camel is called the “ship of the desert” and is common in Thar.
64. The main livelihood of people in Thar Desert is?
A) Industry
B) Fishing
C) Agriculture and livestock
D) Oil drilling
✅ Correct Answer: C) Agriculture and livestock
⚡ Explanation: Most Thar people depend on farming and animals.
65. Which festival is commonly celebrated in Thar Desert villages?
A) Basant
B) Holi
C) Independence Day
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D) Shab-e-Barat
✅ Correct Answer: B) Holi
⚡ Explanation: Hindu community in Thar celebrates Holi widely.
66. Population of Thar Desert mostly belongs to which religion?
A) Islam only
B) Hinduism only
C) Mix of Hindu and Muslim
D) Christianity
✅ Correct Answer: C) Mix of Hindu and Muslim
⚡ Explanation: Both Hindus and Muslims live in Thar region.
67. Thar Desert is important for Pakistan’s energy because of?
A) Oil wells
B) Solar energy
C) Coal reserves
D) Gas fields
✅ Correct Answer: C) Coal reserves
⚡ Explanation: Thar coal project is vital for Pakistan’s energy needs.
68. Average rainfall in Thar Desert per year is?
A) 10–20 mm
B) 50–100 mm
C) 100–300 mm
D) 500 mm
✅ Correct Answer: C) 100–300 mm
⚡ Explanation: Thar Desert receives very low rainfall annually.
69. Which type of soil is common in Thar Desert?
A) Black cotton soil
B) Alluvial soil
C) Sandy soil
D) Clay soil
✅ Correct Answer: C) Sandy soil
⚡ Explanation: The soil is sandy, making farming difficult.
70. Which bird is commonly found in Thar Desert?
A) Peacock
B) Eagle
C) Sparrow
D) Owl
✅ Correct Answer: A) Peacock
⚡ Explanation: Peacock is a common and symbolic bird of Thar.
71. Thar Desert shares border with which Indian state?
A) Punjab
B) Rajasthan
C) Gujarat
D) Haryana
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✅ Correct Answer: B) Rajasthan

⚡ Explanation: Thar Desert extends into Rajasthan, India.
72. Which plant is commonly used as fodder in Thar Desert?
A) Wheat
B) Bajra (Millet)
C) Rice
D) Cotton
✅ Correct Answer: B) Bajra (Millet)
⚡ Explanation: Bajra grows in sandy soil and is common in Thar.
73. Thar Desert electricity generation project is based on?
A) Gas
B) Solar
C) Coal
D) Oil
✅ Correct Answer: C) Coal
⚡ Explanation: Thar coal project generates electricity from coal.
74. What challenge is most serious for people in Thar Desert?
A) Floods
B) Earthquakes
C) Drought and water shortage
D) Landslides
✅ Correct Answer: C) Drought and water shortage
⚡ Explanation: Drought is the biggest problem in Thar Desert.
75. Thar Desert is strategically important for Pakistan because?
A) Tourism only
B) Border location and natural resources
C) Forest resources
D) Oil drilling
✅ Correct Answer: B) Border location and natural resources
⚡ Explanation: Thar lies on Pakistan–India border and has rich coal reserves.

Mixed Revision – K2, Karachi, Thar Desert

76. Which is the highest mountain peak of Pakistan?
A) Nanga Parbat
B) Mount Everest
C) K2
D) Tirich Mir
✅ Correct Answer: C) K2
⚡ Explanation: K2 is the highest peak of Pakistan (8,611 m).
77. Karachi is famous as Pakistan’s?
A) Political capital
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B) Port city and economic hub

C) Desert area
D) Hill station
✅ Correct Answer: B) Port city and economic hub
⚡ Explanation: Karachi is Pakistan’s biggest city and financial hub.
78. The largest desert in Pakistan is?
A) Thal Desert
B) Thar Desert
C) Cholistan Desert
D) Kharan Desert
✅ Correct Answer: B) Thar Desert
⚡ Explanation: Thar is the largest desert, mainly in Sindh.
79. K2 is part of which mountain range?
A) Karakoram
B) Himalaya
C) Hindu Kush
D) Suleiman
✅ Correct Answer: A) Karakoram
⚡ Explanation: K2 lies in Karakoram Range of Gilgit-Baltistan.
80. The elevation of Karachi is at?
A) 100 m above sea level
B) 50 m above sea level
C) Sea level
D) 200 m above sea level
✅ Correct Answer: C) Sea level
⚡ Explanation: Karachi is located at the Arabian Sea, at sea level.
81. Thar Desert lies in which part of Pakistan?
A) Northwest
B) Northeast
C) Southeast
D) Southwest
✅ Correct Answer: C) Southeast
⚡ Explanation: Thar Desert lies in the southeast of Sindh province.
82. Which mountain is called the “Savage Mountain”?
A) Nanga Parbat
B) K2
C) Mount Everest
D) Rakaposhi
✅ Correct Answer: B) K2
⚡ Explanation: Due to harsh climbing conditions, K2 is called “Savage Mountain.”
83. Karachi coastline touches which sea?
A) Black Sea
B) Caspian Sea
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C) Arabian Sea
D) Red Sea
✅ Correct Answer: C) Arabian Sea
⚡ Explanation: Karachi is located on the Arabian Sea coast.
84. Which desert of Pakistan is rich in coal resources?
A) Thal Desert
B) Thar Desert
C) Cholistan Desert
D) Kharan Desert
✅ Correct Answer: B) Thar Desert
⚡ Explanation: Thar coal reserves are among the largest in the world.
85. The second highest peak in Pakistan is?
A) Gasherbrum I
B) Broad Peak
C) Nanga Parbat
D) Tirich Mir
✅ Correct Answer: C) Nanga Parbat
⚡ Explanation: Nanga Parbat (8,126 m) is the 2nd highest in Pakistan.
86. Karachi is also known as the city of?
A) Flowers
B) Lights
C) Saints
D) Gardens
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lights
⚡ Explanation: Karachi is called the “City of Lights.”
87. Thar Desert is locally famous for which bird?
A) Eagle
B) Peacock
C) Parrot
D) Dove
✅ Correct Answer: B) Peacock
⚡ Explanation: Peacock is a common bird of Thar Desert.
88. K2 is located near which border?
A) Pakistan–India
B) Pakistan–China
C) Pakistan–Afghanistan
D) Pakistan–Iran
✅ Correct Answer: B) Pakistan–China
⚡ Explanation: K2 lies close to the Pakistan–China border.
89. Karachi is the provincial capital of?
A) Punjab
B) Sindh
C) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
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D) Balochistan
✅ Correct Answer: B) Sindh
⚡ Explanation: Karachi is the capital of Sindh province.
90. Thar Desert is mainly found in which district?
A) Sukkur
B) Tharparkar
C) Hyderabad
D) Khairpur
✅ Correct Answer: B) Tharparkar
⚡ Explanation: Tharparkar district covers a large part of Thar Desert.
91. K2 was first climbed in which year?
A) 1952
B) 1954
C) 1960
D) 1971
✅ Correct Answer: B) 1954
⚡ Explanation: Italian climbers first reached K2 summit in 1954.
92. Karachi is important for Pakistan mainly because of its?
A) Agriculture
B) Fishing and ports
C) Tourism only
D) Oil drilling
✅ Correct Answer: B) Fishing and ports
⚡ Explanation: Karachi has Pakistan’s main seaports and fishing industry.
93. Thar Desert’s biggest problem is?
A) Heavy rains
B) Snowfall
C) Drought and water shortage
D) Floods
✅ Correct Answer: C) Drought and water shortage
⚡ Explanation: Drought is the most serious issue in Thar Desert.
94. Height of K2 in meters is?
A) 7,611 m
B) 8,611 m
C) 8,848 m
D) 8,126 m
✅ Correct Answer: B) 8,611 m
⚡ Explanation: K2 is 8,611 meters tall.
95. Karachi’s importance increases because it has Pakistan’s?
A) International airports and ports
B) Coal mines
C) Mountain ranges
D) Forests
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✅ Correct Answer: A) International airports and ports

⚡ Explanation: Karachi hosts Pakistan’s busiest airport and seaports.
96. The Thar coal reserves are estimated at?
A) 50 million tons
B) 175 billion tons
C) 10 million tons
D) 1 billion tons
✅ Correct Answer: B) 175 billion tons
⚡ Explanation: Thar has huge reserves of around 175 billion tons of coal.
97. K2 is the ___ highest peak in the world.
A) 1st
B) 2nd
C) 3rd
D) 4th
✅ Correct Answer: B) 2nd
⚡ Explanation: K2 is the 2nd highest mountain after Mount Everest.
98. Karachi’s coastline length is about?
A) 50 km
B) 70 km
C) 80 km
D) 100 km
✅ Correct Answer: C) 80 km
⚡ Explanation: Karachi has a coastline of around 80 km.
99. Which crop is mostly grown in Thar Desert during monsoon?
A) Wheat
B) Bajra (Millet)
C) Cotton
D) Sugarcane
✅ Correct Answer: B) Bajra (Millet)
⚡ Explanation: Bajra grows well in sandy soils of Thar Desert.
100. Geographical extremes of Pakistan include?
A) Highest point K2, lowest point Karachi, largest desert Thar
B) Highest desert Thar, lowest mountain K2, largest sea Karachi
C) Karachi desert, Thar mountain, K2 sea
D) None of these
✅ Correct Answer: A) Highest point K2, lowest point Karachi, largest desert Thar
⚡ Explanation: K2, Karachi (sea level), and Thar Desert are Pakistan’s main
geographical extremes.