suffix

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Suffix able, ible ade age al algia an, ian ance, ancy ary, ery, ory cian cy cule, ling dom ee en ence, ency er, or escent ese esis, osis ess et, ette fic ful

Meaning able, capable result of action act of, state of, result of relating to pain native of, relating to action, process, state relating to, quality, place where possessing a specific skill or art action, function very small quality, realm one who receives the action made of, to make action, state of, quality one who, that which in the process of a native of, the language of action, process, condition female small one, group making, causing full of

Example capable, agreeable, edible, visible blockade storage, wreckage, damage gradual, manual, natural,original,funeral. neuralgia, nostalgia, myalgia African, riparian,American, assistance, allowance, defiance aviary, bravery, dormitory magician, physician, hesitancy, prophecy, normalcy molecule, ridicule, animalcule, duckling, sapling freedom, kingdom, wisdom,sindom refugee, nominee, lessee silken, frozen, wooden, difference, confidence, urgency, agency baker, miller, professor,worker adolescent, senescence, putrescence Javanese, Japanese, Balinese genesis, hypnosis, neurosis, osmosis goddess, lioness, actress midget, baronet, sextet, lorgnette scientific, specific frightful, careful, helpful,fearful,glassful.

fy hood ic ice id, ide

make order, condition, quality nature of, like condition, state, quality a thing connected with or belonging to relating to, suited for, capable of nature of act, result, or state of

beautify, fortify, simplify manhood, adulthood metallic, acidic, bucolic, simplistic justice, malice fluid, fluoride, bromide

ile ine ion, sion, tion ish ism

juvenile, senile, purile, missile feminine, genuine, medicine cancellation, contagion, infection, crenellation

origin, nature, resembling system, manner, condition, characteristic one who, that which nature of, quality of, mineral product state of, quality causing, making make study, science, theory

foolish, Irish, clownish, impish,boyish. alcoholism, communism, capitalism,

ist ite

artist, dentist, flautist prelate, Mennonite, dynamite, graphite, Israelite

ity, ty ive ize, ise logy

celebrity, captivity, clarity, poverty abusive, exhaustive, abortive emphasize, exercise, bowdlerize, bastardize, idolize, fanaticize biology, anthropology, geology, neurology,sosiology

ly ment ness nomy oid ous ship some

like, manner of act of, state or, result state of law resembling full of, having state of, office, quality like, apt, tending to

carelessly, fearlessly, hopelessly,dearly,decidedly. containment, contentment, amendment,disbursement,disagriment. carelessness, restlessness autonomy, economy, taxonomy asteroid, spheroid, rhomboid, anthropoid gracious, nervous, pompous, assistantship, friendship, authorship lonesome, lissome, threesome, gruesome

tude ure ward y

state of, condition of state of, act, process, rank in the direction of inclined to, tend to

gratitude, aptitude, multitude culture, literature, rupture, rapture,nature eastward, downward, backward cheery, crafty, faulty,bumpy,airy.

Suffix added to a verb (V), noun (N) or adjective (A) Suffix -tion -sion -er -ment -ant -ent -age -al -ence -ance -ery/-ry Meaning action/instance of V-ing

noun Examples

alteration, demonstration expansion, inclusion, admission

person who V-s advertiser, driver something used for V-ing computer, silencer action/instance of V-ing person who V-s action/result of V action/result of V action/result of V action/instance of V-ing place of V-ing development, punishment, unemployment assistant, consultant student breakage, wastage, package denial, proposal, refusal, dismissal preference, dependence, interference attendance, acceptance, endurance bribery, robbery, misery refinery, bakery

Suffix -er -ism -ship -age

Meaning person concerned with N astronomer, geographer doctrine of N state of being N collection of N

Examples

Marxism, Maoism, Thatcherism friendship, citizenship, leadership baggage, plumage

Suffix -ity -ness -cy

Meaning

Examples

state or quality of being A ability, similarity, responsibility, curiosity state or quality of being A darkness, preparedness, consciousness state or quality of being A urgency, efficiency, frequency

Adjectives Many adjectives are formed from a base of a different class with a suffix (e.g. -less, -ous). Adjectives can also be formed from other adjectives, especially by the negative prefixes (un-, inand non-). The most common suffixes are -al, -ent, -ive, -ous, -ful, -less. Suffix added to verbs or nouns Suffix -al -ent -ive -ous -ful -less -able adjective Example central, political, national, optional, professional different, dependent, excellent attractive, effective, imaginative, repetitive continuous, dangerous, famous beautiful, peaceful, careful endless, homeless, careless, thoughtless drinkable, countable, avoidable,

Affixes and roots

Adding affixes to existing words (the base or root) to form new words is common in academic English. Prefixes are added to the front of the base (like dislike), whereas suffixes are added to the end of the base (active activate). Prefixes usually do not change the class of the base word, but suffixes usually do change the class of the word. The most common prefixes used to form new verbs in academic English are: re-, dis-, over-, un-, mis-, out-. The most common suffixes are: -ise, -en, -ate, -(i)fy. By far the most common affix in academic English is -ise.

e.g. Suffix used to form verbs with the meaning "cause to be". Suffix -ise -ate -fy -en Example stabilise, characterise, symbolise, visualise, specialize differentiate, liquidate, pollinate, duplicate, fabricate classify, exemplify, simplify, justify awaken, fasten, shorten, moisten

prefix
Nouns The most common prefixes used to form new nouns in academic English are: co- and sub-. The most common suffixes are: -tion, -ity, -er, -ness, -ism, -ment, -ant, -ship, -age, -ery. By far the most common noun affix in academic English is -tion. prefix + noun Prefix antiautobiconoun Meaning against self two joint anticlimax, antidote, antithesis autobiography, automobile bilingualism, biculturalism, bi-metalism,bilateral co-founder, co-owner, co-descendant counter-argument, counter-example, counter-proposal discomfort, dislike,disconec,discontinue,discontinuous. ex-chairman, ex-hunter hyperinflation, hypersurface inattention, incoherence, incompatibility inpatient, interaction, inter-change, interference,internasional Kilobyte malfunction, maltreatment, malnutrition Megabyte Examples

counter- against disexhyperinininterkilomalmegathe converse of former extreme the converse of inside between thousand bad million

misminimononeooutpoly-

wrong small one new separate many

misconduct, misdeed, mismanagement mini-publication, mini-theory monosyllable, monograph, monogamy, neo-colonialism, neo-impressionism outbuilding, Polysyllable pseudo-expert re-organisation, re-assessment, re-examination semicircle, semi-darkness subset, subdivision,subnormal,subsoil.subdivide.

pseudo- false resemisubsupersurteletriultraunderbelow, too little vicedeputy again half below

more than, above superset, superimposition, superpowers over and above distant three beyond Surtax telecommunications, Tripartism Ultrasound underpayment, under-development, undergraduate vice-president

negative + adjective Prefix un-

adjective Examples

unfortunate, uncomfortable, unjust

im-/in-/ir-/il- immature, impatient, improbable, inconvenient, irreplaceable, illegal nondisVerbs non-fiction, non-political, non-neutral disloyal, dissimilar, dishonest

e.g. prefix + verb Prefix redisoverunmisoutbecodeforeinterpresubtransunder-

verb Examples restructure, revisit, reappear, rebuild, refinance

Meaning again or back

reverses the meaning of the verb disappear, disallow, disarm, disconnect, discontinue too much overbook, oversleep, overwork

reverses the meaning of the verb unbend, uncouple, unfasten badly or wrongly more or better than others make or cause together do the opposite of earlier, before between before under/below across, over not enough mislead, misinform, misidentify outperform, outbid befriend, belittle co-exist, co-operate, co-own devalue, deselect foreclose, foresee interact, intermix, interface pre-expose, prejudge, pretest subcontract, subdivide transform, transcribe, transplant underfund, undersell, undervalue, underdevelop

Mixed base with both prefix and suffix Adjectives: uncomfortable, unavoidable, unimaginative, inactive, semi-circular Nouns: disappointment, misinformation, reformulation

Word formation
Formal written English uses nouns more than verbs. For example, judgement rather than judge, development rather than develop, admiration rather than admire.

There appeared to be evidence of differential treatment of children. This is reflected in our admiration for people who have made something of their lives, sometimes against great odds, and in our somewhat disappointed judgment of those who merely drift through life. All airfields in the country would be nationalised, and the government would continue with the development of new aircraft as recommended by the Brabazon Committee. Associated with nominalisation is the occurrence of prepositional phrases, introduced by of: judgment of those treatment of children development of new aircraft -tion is the most common suffix used in this way. For example: alteration, resignation. However others are: -ity ability, similarity, complexity; -ness blindness, darkness, preparedness; -ment development, encouragement; -ship friendship; -age mileage; -ery robbery, bribery; -al arrival; -ance assistance, resemblance.

1. tang sebagai alat pemotong kabel 2. resistor digunakan sebagai tahanan dalam rangkaian 3. kabel adalah perantara antara sumber dengan beban listrik. 4. kita dapat memakai transpormator untuk menurunkan arus dan tegangan listrik 5. baterai adalah sumber tegangan listrik arus searah. 6. listrik dapat menimbulkan sengatan jika terkena tegangannya. 7. nuklir merupakan salah satu sumber energy listrik yang perlu penanganan khusus. 8. dioda dapat diguankan sebagai rangkaian penyearah 9. listrik tidak dapat mengalir pada sebuah bahan isolator 10. kotak kontak digunakan untuk penghubung tegangan dan arus dari Intalasi kea lat perabotan rumah tangga. 11. untuk tempat melekatnya bola lampu digunakan piting lampu 12. saklar digunakan sebagai alat penghubung dan pemutus arus dan tegangan listrik. 13. putaran turbin adalah dasar dalam pembangkit listrik 14. arister merupakan alat penangkal petir 15.sebagai pengaman dalam intalasi digunakan gronding. 16.listrik diindonesia belum memadai kebutuhan masyarakat 17. pengunaan listrik di Indonesia masih banyak yang tidak sesuai standa nasional 18. capasitor dapat digunakan penyimpan tegangan smentara dalam rangkaiyan. 19.generator digunakan sebagai pembangkit listrik 20. motor listrik bekerja dengan prinsip elektromagnetik.

Jl.medan padang Rao Kab.pasaman 36721 12 mai 2009

Attentation PT. budi mulia Jl.sudirman no17 Jakarta

Dear sir or madam Menemui bapak atau ibuk di tempat. Saya seorang mahasiswa tamatan d3 elektro universitas negeri padang. Sehubungan dengan lowongan pekerjaan yan diedarkan dimedia massa.yang menurut saya jurusan saya sesuai dengan permintaan bapak atau ibuk yaitu bagian teknisi bagian mesin listrik. sehubungan dengan itu saya mengajukan lamaran pekerjaan ini kepada bapak atau ibuk.sebagai teknisi bagian mesin listrik. Dengan senang hati saya akan bekerja di perusahaan ibuk I lookforward tohearing from you Yours sincerely

Abdur rahman