BalPure
Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment System
Experience
Installed Base of SANILEC systems producing over 1 million pounds per day of chlorine equivalent worldwide Severn Trent DeNora accounts for 65% of the worldwide operating on-site hypochlorite capacity Over 400 systems operating in 59 countries Offshore applications 21 different size systems capable of producing from 3 to 2400 pounds per day of hypochlorite Installations since 1974
Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment
Chemistry of electrolyzing sodium chloride
NaCl + H2O + 2e---> NaOCl + H2
Salt+Water+Energy = Hypochlorite+Hydrogen
Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment
How Does It Work ?
Seawater slip stream enters one end of the electrolytic generator DC electric current is passed between electrodes through the Seawater to generate products Hydrogen removed while hypochlorite and seawater injected into main ballast line Br (Bromine) in Seawater reacts to form OBr (Hypobromite) and HOBr (hypobromous acid) HOBr acts as an aggressive disinfectant when injected back into the main ballast line
Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment
Typical Severn Trent DeNora Double Cell Generating Skid
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Competitive Advantages
Efficacy of Halogens for disinfection is well established Electrochemical oxidation is a well proven technology with 30 years experience in the offshore industry, marine, and coastal power plants STDN BalPureTM units are modular in construction and can be backfitted into existing vessels without major modifications Biocide has significant half life, solution mixes extremely well with ballast water, efficacy is not dependent on seawater turbidity Electrochemical oxidation systems are low cost vs. the alternate proposed technologies The cost of EC is appx. $0.02 per M3 of ballast water treated ($0.15/KWH generation cost)
BalPureTM Water Treatment Key System Components Hypochlorite Generation
+ Controlled Addition
Oxidant Monitoring
+ Residual Maintained
Oxidant Neutralization
+ Controlled Addition + Excess Sulfite Monitoring
Data Logger
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Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment
Oxidant Neutralization
Use sodium sulfite Also use as food, wine preservative Na2SO3 +Br2 +H2O Na2SO4 +2HBr 4 gpl Na2SO4 already exists in seawater HBr will not decrease pH in highly buffered seawater
Univ. of Washington Study
Marrowstone Marine Field Station Located on Marrowstone Island at the northwest entrance to Puget Sound Typically used for marine fish diseases and aquatic toxicology research Previously conducted ballast water bench scale testing at this US Geological Survey Facility Previously tested UV, Ozone, Chemicals Seawater can be pumped from the Sound at a rate of 1500 liters per min (90 M^3/hour)
Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment
Marrowstone Marine Field Station
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Parameters Measured
Total Residual Oxidant (TRO) Live organisms as Zooplankton Chlorophyll as a measure of Phytoplankton Bacteria Toxicity of the water Disinfection By-Products (DBP)
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Test Results
With or without Filtration: When initial hypo concentration is at least 3.0 ppm
Culturable Bacteria reduced > 99.99% Phytoplankton reduced > 99% Mesozooplankton reduced > 99%
Filtration only impacts efficacy when hypo concentration is less than 1.5 ppm Bacteria grow back within 24 hours once residual oxidant is consumed
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Test Results
Sodium Hypochlorite Generator / Filtration Experiment September 2004 Total Residual Oxidant (mg Cl2 / L)
3.50 3.00
TRO (mg Cl2 / L)
2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 0 48 96 144
Control Cl w/ filter Cl w/o filter
192
240
Time (h)
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Test Results
Sodium Hypochlorite Generator / Filtration Experiment September 2004 Culturable Heterotrophic Bacteria
1.0E+10
Colony Forming Units / L
1.0E+09 1.0E+08 1.0E+07 1.0E+06 1.0E+05 1.0E+04 1.0E+03 1.0E+02 1.0E+01 1.0E+00 0 48 96 144 192 240 Control Cl w/ filter Cl w/o filter
Time (h)
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Test Results
Sodium Hypochlorite Generator / Filtration October 2004 Experiment 1 Culturable Heterotrophic Bateria
1.0E+10
Colony Forming Units / L
1.0E+09 1.0E+08 1.0E+07 1.0E+06 1.0E+05 1.0E+04 1.0E+03 1.0E+02 1.0E+01 1.0E+00
< 1.00E+04 < 1.00E+06
Control F Cl F No Cl
48
96
144
192
240
Time (h)
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Test Results
Ballast water has no toxicity once neutralized with sodium sulfite up to 22 ppm or ten times required
+ Discharge Toxicology Studies Show No Effect On
Herring Embryo Mysid Shrimp Bivalve Larval Kelp Diatoms
Disinfection By Products in effluent meet U.S. drinking water standards
+ THM 68 ppb (80 ppb) + HAA5 9 ppb (60 ppb) + Bromate < 1 ppb (10 ppb)
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Commercial Testing
1,000 M3 per hour system being tested by United States Coast Guard at the Naval Research Labs in Key West Florida
Test protocol is based on IMO G-8 standards for Ballast Water Treatment testing.
STDN has received a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Conduct a shipboard demonstration test of the STDN Ballast Water Treatment System
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Commercial Testing
Partnership formed with a major US vessel owner to install a BalPure unit on one of their vessels
Vessel route is between US cities on the Gulf Coast System sized for 2,000 M3 per hour ballast flow Treatment System will be installed in six major components
Electrolyzers Control Panel and transformer / rectifier Hydrogen separation Booster pumps In line analyzers sulfite addition
Installation to occur at end of second quarter 2007
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Commercial Certification
Vessel owner and STDN will apply to the United States Coast Guard (USCG) Shipboard Technology Evaluation Program (STEP)
Pilot testing data completed Environmental impact data developed
BalPureTM Ballast Water Treatment System is patent pending
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Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment
B A LP U R E U N IT D E C H L O R IN A T IO N U N IT
S O D IU M S U LF IT E M IX T A N K S U L F IT E A N A LY Z E R C H L O R IN E ANALYZER BOOST PUMP G ENERATO R
LEG END VALVE O PEN V A L V E C LO S E D M A IN B A L L A S T L IN E S T R E A T M E N T S Y S T E M LIN E S
IN JE C T PUMP
CONTROL PANEL
Aft Ballast Tank
W .L.
B A L LA S T PUM P PORT AND STARBOARD B A L L A S T T A N K (S )
SEA CHEST
B A LLA S T IN G
Metered Disinfection While Ballasting
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Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment
BALPUR E U NIT DEC HLO R INATIO N UNIT
SO D IU M SU LFITE M IX TAN K SU LFITE AN ALYZER C H LO R INE AN ALYZER BO O ST PU M P G EN ER ATO R
LEG END VALVE O PEN VALVE CLO SED M AIN BALLAST LINES TREATM ENT SYSTEM LINES
IN JEC T PU M P
C O N TR O L PAN EL
W .L.
BALLAST PUM P PO RT AND STARBO ARD BALLAST TANK(S)
SEA C HEST
UNDERW AY
Sampling while Underway
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Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment
B A L P U R E U N IT D E C H L O R IN A T IO N U N IT
S O D IU M S U L F IT E M IX T A N K S U L F IT E ANALYZER C H L O R IN E AN ALYZER BOOST PUMP G ENERATO R
LEG END VALVE O PEN VALVE C LO SED M A IN B A L L A S T L IN E S T R E A T M E N T S Y S T E M L IN E S
IN J E C T PUMP
CO NTRO L PANEL
BALLAST D IS C H A R G E
W .L .
BALLAST PUMP PORT AND STARBOARD B A L L A S T T A N K (S )
SEA CHEST
D E -B A L L A S T IN G
Metered Dechlorination while Deballasting
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NRL Unit 1000 M3/Hr @ 5 ppm
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Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment
Estimates for 1000 M3 / Hr BWT Unit Power
52 AC KVA
Process Water
None required
Instrument Air
None required
Sulfite for dechlorination
2 Kg (7.7L) per 1,000M3 ballast
Maintenance
4 hours per month
Base Unit Cost
$440K
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2000 M3 / Hr System Dimensions
ITEM Generator Transformer/Rectifier & Control Panel Degas Booster Pumps Analyzers Sulfite Addition
DIMENSIONS (M)
Length X Width X Height
WEIGHT (Kg) 260 820 (400) 91 136 105 68
2.3 X 0.6 X 2.2 2.4 X 0.6 X 2.0 (1.1 X 1.3 X 2.0) 1.6 X 0.6 X 1.7 1.2 X 1.2 X 1.6 1.4 X 0.4 X 1.5 0.4 X 0.3 X 1.1
Overall
3.7 X 1.8 X 3.1
3,325
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Electrolytic Ballast Water Treatment
Conclusions
- Meets IMO standards for Ballast Water Management
- Destruction of living organisms - Bacteria inactivated
- De-chlorinated Effluent is not Toxic - DBPs can be below drinking water standards - Filtration is not required to meet IMO standards - Operating cost is less than $0.02 / M3 of ballast water
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