CAESAR II Version 5.

2 Quick Reference Guide

Copyright 1985-2009 COADE, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide Table of Contents
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide Version 5.20 2
CAESAR II Software 2
CAESAR II Pipe Stress Seminars 3
System Requirements 3
Troubleshooting 4
CAESAR II Interfaces 4
Piping Codes 5
Restraints 7
Setup File Directives List 8
List of Materials 13
CAESAR II Intersection Types 14
Code Stresses 15
US Codes 15
International Codes 20
Node Locations on Bends 28
CAESAR II Verification and Validation Manual 30
Additional COADE Software Programs 31
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide 2
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide Version 5.20
The CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide is intended to aid users in quickly
identifying needed information and to resolve common questions and
problems. This Reference Guide is distributed with each copy of the
software and users are urged to copy the Reference Guide as
necessary.
Comments and suggestions concerning CAESAR II, the User Guide, or
the Quick Reference Guide are always welcome. Users with problems,
questions, or suggestions can contact the COADE Development/Support
staff at: techsupport@coade.com.

CAESAR II Software
CAESAR II is an advanced PC based tool for the engineer who designs or
analyzes piping systems. CAESAR II uses input spreadsheets, on-line
help, graphics, and extensive error detection procedures to facilitate
timely operation and solution.
CAESAR II is capable of analyzing large piping models, structural steel
models, or combined models, both statically and dynamically. ASME,
B31, WRC, and rotating equipment reports combine to provide the
analyst with a complete description of the piping systems behavior
under the applied loading conditions. Additional technical capabilities
such as out-of-core solvers, force spectrum analysis (for water hammer
and relief valve solutions), time history, and large rotation rod hangers
provide the pipe stress engineer with the most advanced computer
based piping program available today.
CAESAR II is continuously enhanced to incorporate new technical
abilities, to provide additional functionality, and to modify existing
computation procedures as the piping codes are updated. A complete
list of the most recent changes to CAESAR II can be found in the
Chapter 1 of the User Guide. Users wanting software sales are urged
to contact the COADE Sales staff at:
Phone: 281-890-4566 E-mail: sales@coade.com
FAX: 281-890-3301 Web: http://www.coade.com/product_overview.asp?varflag=CAESARII
3 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide
CAESAR II Pipe Stress Seminars
COADE offers seminars periodically to augment the Engineers
knowledge of CAESAR II and Pipe Stress Analysis. The general seminar
is held in our Houston office and covers five days of Statics. Twice
yearly we also cover five days of Statics and three days of Dynamics.
These seminars emphasize the piping codes, static analysis, dynamic
analysis, and problem solving.
Custom seminars held at client locations are also available. For
additional seminar details, please contact the COADE Support staff at:
seminars @coade.com.

System Requirements
CAESAR II requires Windows XP Professional or Windows Vista with a
minimum graphic card capability of 1280x1024 resolution. However, for
more efficient use of the software, higher graphics resolutions are
necessary. Usually any hardware capable of running these operating
systems will be sufficient to run CAESAR II. For effective use of CAESAR II,
COADE recommends as a minimum configuration:
2+ Ghz processor
1+ Gbytes of RAM
1280x1024 graphics resolution or better
256+ Mbytes of video RAM
Windows XP Professional or Windows Vista
Please note that Windows XP Home Edition and Windows Vista Home
(Basic and Premium) is not supported.
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide 4
Troubleshooting
For troubleshooting and problem solving issues, refer to the CAESAR II
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) located on the COADE Website. To
view the FAQ:
(http://www.coade.com/product_faq.asp?varflag=CAESARII&varflagmas
ter=.
CAESAR II Interfaces
There are several external interfaces which allow data transfer between
CAESAR II and other software packages. Users can access these
interfaces via the Tools menu on the CAESAR II Main Menu.
CADWorx requires AUTOCAD
AUTOCAD DXF Output
COMPUTER VISION mainframe
INTERGRAPH mainframe
CADPIPE requires AUTOCAD
ISOMET mainframe
PDMS mainframe
PCF Alias format
Users interested in these interfaces should contact COADE for further
information. We anticipate other interfaces in the future keep users
updated via the newsletter or revised documentation.
5 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide
Piping Codes
Use the table displayed below to identify the Piping Code, publication
and/or revision date.
PIPING CODE PUBLICATION DATE REVISION DATE
ANSI B31.1 (2007) December 7, 2006
ANSI B31.3 (2006) May 31, 2007
ANSI B31.4 (2006) October 20, 2006
ANSI B31.4 Chapter IX (2006) October 20, 2006
ANSI B31.5 (2001) May 30, 2005
ANSI B31.8 (2007) November 30, 2007
ANSI B31.8 Chapter VIII (2007) November 30, 2007
ANSI B31.11 (2002) May 30, 2003
ASME SECT III CLASS 2 (2007) July 1, 2008
ASME SECT III CLASS 3 (2007) July 1, 2008
U.S. NAVY 505 (1984) N/A
CANADIAN Z662 (6/2003) N/A
CANADIAN Z662 Ch 11 (6/2003) N/A
BS 806 SEPTEMBER 1993 ISSUE 1, N/A
SWEDISH METHOD 1 2
ND
EDITION STOCKHOLM 1979 N/A
SWEDISH METHOD 2 2
ND
EDITION STOCKHOLM 1979 N/A
ANSI B31.1 (1967) N/A
STOOMWEZEN (1989) N/A
RCC-M C (1988) N/A
RCC-M D (1988) N/A
CODETI (2001) June 2004
NORWEGIAN (1999) N/A
FDBR (1995) N/A
BS7159 (1989) N/A
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide 6
PIPING CODE PUBLICATION DATE REVISION DATE
UKOOA (1994) N/A
IGE/TD/12 (2003) N/A
DnV (1996) N/A
EN-13480 (12/2006) Issue 9
GPTC/Z380 (2003) December 2007
PD 8010 Part 1 (2004) N/A
PD 8010 Part 2 (2004) N/A
ISO-14692 (2005) N/A
JPI (2002) 2004
HPGSL (2005) N/A
7 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide
Restraints
CAESAR II stores restraint information on 16 different restraint types.
Restraint Type Abbreviation
Anchor A
Translational Double Acting X,Y, or Z
Rotational Double Acting RX, RY, or RZ
Guide, Double Acting GUI
Double Acting Limit Stop LIM
Translational Double Acting Snubber XSNB, YSNB, ZSNB
Translational Directional +X, -X, +Y, -Y, +Z, -Z
Rotational Directional +RX, -RX, +RY, etc.
Directional Limit Stop +LIM, -LIM
Large Rotation Rod XROD, YROD, ZROD
Translational Double Acting Bilinear X2, Y2, Z2
Rotational Double Acting Bilinear RX2, RY2, RZ2
Translational Directional Bilinear -X2, +Y2, -Y2, etc.
Rotational Double Acting Bilinear -RX2, +RY2, - RY2, etc.
Bottom Out Spring XSPR, YSPR, ZSPR
Directional Snubber +XSNB, -XSNB, +YSNB, etc.
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide 8
Setup File Directives List
The following list represents the possible directives which can be
controlled by the user via the CAESAR II configuration file CAESAR.CFG.
These directives can be changed by the user through the use of the
CONFIGURE-SETUP program, accessed via Main Menu option #9.
Directives are listed in groups corresponding to the configuration
program's menu options.

GEOMETRY DIRECTIVES
CONNECT GEOMETRY THRU CNODES = YES 34
MIN ALLOWED BEND ANGLE = .5000000E+01 36
MAX ALLOWED BEND ANGLE = .9500000E+02 37
BEND LENGTH ATTACHMENT PERCENT = .1000000E+01 38
MIN ANGLE TO ADJACENT BEND PT = .5000000E+01 39
LOOP CLOSURE TOLERANCE = .1000000E+01 42
THERMAL BOWING HORIZONTAL TOLERANCE = .1000000E-03 92
AUTO NODE NUMBER INCREMENT= 1000000E+02 109
Z AXIS UP NO 129
COMPUTATION CONTROL
USE PRESSURE STIFFENING = DEFAULT 65
ALPHA TOLERANCE = .5000000E-01 33
HANGER DEFAULT RESTRAINT STIFFNESS = .1000000E+13 49
DECOMPOSITION SINGULARITY TOLERANCE = .1000000E+11 50
BEND AXIAL SHAPE = YES 51
FRICTION STIFFNESS = .1000000E+07 45
FRICTION NORMAL FORCE VARIATION = .1500000E+00 47
FRICTION ANGLE VARIATION = .1500000E+02 48
FRICTION SLIDE MULTIPLIER = .1000000E+01 46
ROD TOLERANCE = .1000000E+01 59
ROD INCREMENT = 2000000E+01 58
9 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide
COMPUTATION CONTROL
INCORE NUMERICAL CHECK = NO 60
DEFAULT TRANSLATIONAL RESTRAINT STIFFNESS = .1000000E+13 98
DEFAULT ROTATIONAL RESTRAINT STIFFNESS = .1000000E+13 99
IGNORE SPRING HANGER STIFFNESS = NO 100
MISSING MASS ZPA = EXTRACTED 101
MINIMUM WALL MILL TOLERANCE = .1200000E+02 107
WRC-107 VERSION = MAR 79 1B1/2B1 119
WRC-107 INTERPOLATION = LAST VALUE 120
INCLUDE_INSULATION_IN_HYDROTEST= NO 147
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE = 70.00 135
BORDER PRESSURE = NONE 136
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION = 0. 140
INCLUDE SPRING STIFFNESS IN FREE THERMAL
CASES =
NO 141
SIFs and STRESSES
REDUCED INTERSECTION = B31.1 POST 1980 32
USE WRC329 NO 62
NO REDUCED SIR FOR RFT AND WLT NO 53
B31.1 REDUCED Z FIX = YES 54
CLASS 1 BRANCH FLEXIBILITY NO 55
ALL STRESS CASES CORRODED = NO 35
ADD TORSION IN SL STRESS = DEFAULT 66
ADD F/A IN STRESS = DEFAULT 67
OCCASIONAL LOAD FACTOR = .00000E+00 41
DEFAULT CODE = B31.3 43
B31.1 SUSTAINED CASE SIF FACTOR = 100000E+01 40
ALLOW USERS BEND SIF = NO 52
USE SCHNEIDER NO 63
YIELD CRITERION STRESS = MAX 3D SHEAR 108
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide 10
SIFs and STRESSES
USE PD/4T NO 64
BASE HOOP STRESS ON NO 57
EN-13480 use in-plane /out-plane SIF NO 133
LIBERAL ALLOWABLE = YES 137
STREE STIFFENING DUE TO PRESS = NO 138
B31.3 WELDING/CONTOUR TEE MEET B16.9 NO 139
IMPLEMENT _B31.3_ APPENDIX_P NO 144
IMPLEMENT _B31.3_ CODECASE NO 145
B31.3 Sec 319.2.3(c), Saxial NO 146
PRESSURE VARIATION IN EXPANSION CASE
DEFAULT=
DEFAULT 143
FRP PROPERTIES
USE FRP SIF = YES 110
USE FRP FLEXIBILITY = YES 11
BS 7159 PRESSURE STIFFENING = DESIGN STRAIN 121
FRP PROPERTY DATA FILE = CAESAR.FRP 122
AXIAL MODULUS OF ELASTICITY 3200000E+07 113
RATIO SHEAR MOD : AXIAL MOD = 2500000E+00 114
AXIAL STRAIN : HOOP STRESS 1527272E+00 115
FRP LAMINATE TYPE = THREE 116
FRP ALPHA = .1200000E+02 117
FRP DENSITY = .6000000E-01 118
EXCLUDE F2 FROM BENDING STRESS UKOOA NO 134
11 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide
PLOT COLORS
PIPES LIGHTCYAN 1
HIGHLIGHTS GREEN 2
LABELS GREEN 3
BACKGROUND BLACK 5
AXES LIGHTRED 15
HANGER/NOZZLES BROWN 16
RIGID/BENDS LIGHTGREEN 17
NODES YELLOW YELLOW 18
STRUCTURE LIGHTRED 31
DISPLACED SHAPE BROWN 30
STRESS > LEVEL 5 RED 24
STRESS > LEVEL 4 YELLOW 25
STRESS > LEVEL 3 GREEN 26
STRESS > LEVEL 2 LIGHTCYAN 27
STRESS > LEVEL 1 BLUE 28
STRESS < LEVEL 1 DARKBLUE 29
STRESS LEVEL 5 .3000000E+05 19
STRESS LEVEL 4 .2500000E+05 20
STRESS LEVEL 3 .2000000E+05 21
STRESS LEVEL 2 .1500000E+05 22
STRESS LEVEL 1 .1000000E+05 23
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide 12
DATABASE DEFINITIONS
STRCT DBASE = AISC89.BIN 70
VALVE & FLANGE = CADWORX.VHD 90
EXPANSION JT DATABASE = PATHWAY.JHD 91
PIPING SIZE SPECIFICATION = ANSI 88
DEFAULT SPRING HANGER TABLE = 1 112
SYSTEM DIRECTORY NAME = SYSTEM 123
UNITS FILE NAME = .ENGLISH.FIL 124
LOAD CASE TEMPLATE = .LOAD.TPL 142
ENABLE ODBC OUTPUT NO 128
APPEND RE-RUNS TO EXISTING DATA NO 126
ODBC DATABASE NAME <NONE> 127
MISCELLANEOUS COMPUTATIONS
OUTPUT REPORTS BY LOAD CASE YES 87
DISPLACEMENT NODAL SORTING YES 89
DYNAMIC INPUT EXAMPLE TEXT MAX 94
TIME HIST ANIMATE YES 104
OUTPUT TABLE OF CONTENTS ON 105
INPUT FUNCTION KEYS DISPLAYED YES 106
MEMORY ALLOCATED 12 NA
USER ID " " NA
DISABLE _UNDO NO 128
13 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide
List of Materials
The CAESAR II Material Table contains 17 different isotropic materials.
Properties and allowed temperature ranges for each isotropic material
are listed below.
Material No. Material Name Elastic
Modulus
Poisson's
Ratio
Pipe Density
(lb./cu.in)
Temperature
Range F
1 Low Carbon Steel 29.5 E6 0.292 0.28993 -325 1400
2 High Carbon Steel 29.3 E6 0.289 0.28009 -325 1400
3 Carbon Moly Steel 29.2 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400
4 Low Chrome Moly Steel 29.7 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400
5 Med Chrome Moly Steel 30.9 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 1400
6 Austenitic Stainless 28.3 E6 0.292 0.28930 -325 1400
7 Straight Chromium 29.2 E6 0.305 0.28010 -325 1400
8 Type 310 Stainless 28.3 E6 0.305 0.28990 -325 1400
9 Wrought Iron 29.5 E6 0.300 0.28070 -325 1400
10 Grey Cast Iron 13.4 E6 0.211 0.25580 70 1000
11 Monel 67% Ni/30% Cu 26.0 E6 0.315 0.31870 -325 1400
12 K-Monel 26.0 E6 0.315 0.30610 -325 1400
13 Copper Nickel 22.0 E6 0.330 0.33850 -325 1400
14 Aluminum 10.2 E6 0.330 0.10130 -325 600
15 Copper 99.8% Cu 16.0 E6 0.355 0.32270 70 400
16 Commercial Brass 17.0 E6 0.331 0.30610 -325 1200
17 Leaded Tin Bronze 1 14.0 E6 0.330 0.31890 -325 1200
Additionally CAESAR II supports material types 18 or 19 for cut short and
cut long cold spring elements. Material number 20 activates the
CAESAR II Orthotropic Material Model (i.e., Fiber-glass reinforced
plastic pipe); the default coefficient of expansion is 12.0 E-6 in./in./F.
Material 21 indicates user-defined properties. Material numbers over
100 are from the Material Database and include the allowable stress
and other piping code data.

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide 14
CAESAR II Intersection Types
The table below displays intersection types used in CAESAR II.
Type B31.3 Type Notes Sketch
1 Reinforced Reinforced Fabricated Tee
Used to lower SIFs
Not a fitting
Modified pipe
2 Unreinforced Unreinforced Fabricated Tee
Routine intersection
Not a fitting
Modified pipe
Usually the cheapest
3 Welded Tee Welding Tee
Usually size-on-size
Governed by B16.9
Usually the lowest SIF
Usually expensive
4 Sweepolet Welded-in Contour Insert
Sit-in fitting
Forged fittings on a pipe
5 Weldolet Branch Welded on Fitting
"Sit-on" fitting
Forged fittings on a pipe
6 Extruded Extruded Welding Tee
Seldom used
Used for thick wall manifolds
Extruded from straight pipe
15 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide
Code Stresses
Listed below are the Code Stress equations for the actual and allowable
stresses used by CAESAR II. For the listed codes, the actual stress is
defined by the left hand side of the equation and the allowable stress is
defined by the right hand side. The CAESAR II load case label is also
listed after the equation.
Typically the load case recommendations made by CAESAR II are
sufficient for code compliance. However, CAESAR II does not
recommend occasional load cases. Occasional loads are unknown in
origin and must be specified by the user.

US Codes
Stress
Longitudinal Pressure Stress - Slp
Slp = PD
0
/4t
n
code approximation
Slp = PD
i
2
/(D
0
2
- D
i
2
) code exact equation CAESAR II default
Operating Stress - unless otherwise specified
S = Slp + Fax/A + Sb + torque < NA (OPE)

ASME SECT III CLASS 2 & 3

( )
| |
|
\ .
Z
B1 Pmax Do
Ma
2tn Z
+B2 1.5Sh
(SUS)
i Mc / Z < f (1.25 Sc + 0.25 Sh) + Sh -Sl (EXP)
B1 * Slpmax + B2 * (Ma + Mb) / Z < 1.8 Sh and < 1.5 Sy (OCC)

B31.1

Sl = Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z < Sh (SUS)
i Mc / Z < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)
Slp + 0.75 iMa / Z + 0.75 iMb / Z < k Sh (OCC)

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide 16
B31.1 (1967) and Navy Section 505

Sl = Slp + sqrt(Sb
2
+ 4 St
2
) < Sh (SUS)
sqrt( Sb
2
+ 4 St
2
) < f (1.25Sc + 0.25Sh + (Sh-Sl)) (EXP)
Slp + sqrt(Sb
2
+ 4 St
2
) < k Sh (OCC)

B31.3

Sl = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < Sh (SUS)
sqrt (Sb
2
+ 4 St
2
) < f [1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl] (EXP)
Fax/A + Sb + Slp < k Sh (OCC)
Sb = [sqrt ((i
i
M
i
)
2
+ (i
0
M
0
)
2
)]/Z

B31.4

If FAC = 1.0 (fully restrained pipe)
FAC | Eo dT - v S
HOOP
| + S
HOOP
< .9 (Syield) (OPE)
If FAC = 0.001 (buried, but soil restraints modeled)
Fax/A - v S
HOOP
+ Sb + S
HOOP
< 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
If FAC = 0.0 (fully above ground)
Slp + Fax/A + Sb + S
HOOP
< 0.9 (Syield) (OCC)
(If Slp + Fax/A is compressive)
Slp + Fax/A + Sb < (1.75) (0.72) (Syield) (OPE)
(If Slp + Fax/A is tensile)
(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < (0.75) (0.72) (Syield) (SUS)
sqrt ( Sb
2
+ 4 St
2
) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)
(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < 0.8 (Syield) (OCC)

B31.4 Chapter IX

Hoop Stress: S
h
s F
1
S
y
(OPE, SUS, OCC)
Longitudinal Stress: |S
L
| s 0.8 S
y
(OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent Stress: S
e
s 0.9 S
y
(OPE, SUS, OCC)
17 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide
B31.4 Chapter IX

Where:
S
y
= specified minimum yield strength
S
h
= (P
i
P
e
) D / 2t
S
e
= 2[((S
L
- S
h
)/2)
2
+ S
t
2
]
1/2

B31.5

Sl = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < Sh (SUS)
sqrt (Sb
2
+ 4 St
2
) < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)
Fax/A + Sb + Slp < k Sh (OCC)
Sb = [sqrt ( (i
i
M
i
)
2
+ (i
0
M
0
)
2
)]/Z

For Straight Pipe:
Max(S
L
, S
C
) < 0.9ST (OPE)
Max(S
L
, S
C
) < 0.9ST (SUS)
S
L
(OCC)*
and
S
C
< ST (OCC)*
S
L
= S
P
+ S
X
+ S
B
For All Other Components
S
L
< 0.9ST (OPE, SUS, OCC)

S
L
< 0.75ST (SUS, OCC)
S
E
< f[1.25(S
C
+ S
H
) S
L
] (EXP)
Where:
S
L
= S
P
+ S
X
+ S
B
S
P
= 0.3S
Hoop
(for restrained pipe)
= 0.5S
Hoop
(for unrestrained pipe)

S
X
= R/A
S
B
= M
B
/Z (for straight pipe/bends with SIF = 1.0)
= M
R
/Z (for other components)

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide 18
B31.5

Where:
S
C
= Max (|S
Hoop
S
L
|, sqrt[S
L
2
S
L
S
Hoop
+ S
Hoop
2
])
M
R
= sqrt[(0.75i
i
M
i
)
2
+ (0.75i
o
M
o
)
2
+ M
t
2
]
S
E
= M
E
/Z
M
E
= sqrt[(0.75i
i
M
i
)
2
+ (0.75i
o
M
o
)
2
+ M
t
2
]
S = Specified Minimum Yield Stress
T = Temperature Derating Factor
S
H
= 0.33S
U
T
S
C
= 0.33S
U
S
U
= Specified Minimum Ultimate Tensile Stress

B31.8 Chapter VIII

Hoop Stress: S
h
s F
1
S T (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Longitudinal Stress: |S
L
| s 0.8 S (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent Stress: S
e
s 0.9 S (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
S = Specified Minimum Yield Strength
F
1
= Hoop Stress Design Factor (0.50 or 0.72, see Table A842.22 of the B31.8 Code)
T= Temperature Derating Factor (see Table 841.116A of the B31.8 Code)

Note: The product of S and T (i.e. the yield stress at operating temperature) is required in SH of the
CAESAR II Input.
B31.8 Chapter VIII

S
h
= (P
i
P
e
) D / 2t
S
L
= maximum longitudinal stress (positive tensile, negative compressive)
S
e
= 2[((S
L
- S
h
)/2)
2
+ S
s
2
]
1/2

S
s
= tangential shear stress

19 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide
B31.11

If FAC = 1.0 (fully restrained pipe)
FAC | E o dT - v S
HOOP
| + S
HOOP
< 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
If FAC = 0.001 (buried, but soil restraints modeled)
Fax/A - v S
HOOP
+ Sb + S
HOOP
< 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
(If Slp + Fax/A is compressive)
If FAC = 0.0 (fully above ground)
Slp + Fax/A + Sb + S
HOOP
< 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
(If Slp + Fax/A is compressive)
(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < (0.75) (0.72) (Syield) (SUS)
sqrt ( Sb
2
+ 4 St
2
) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)
(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < 0.88 (Syield) (OCC)

GPTC/Z380

Slp + 0.75i Ma/Z < Syield (OPE)
Sl = Slp+Sb < 0.75(Sy)Ft (SUS)
Se = sqrt(Sb
2
+4St
2
) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)
Note: GPTC/Z380 is similar to B31.8 with noted changes.
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide 20
International Codes

BS806

Straight Pipe

< S
A
OPE
f
c
= sqrt(F
2
+ 4f
s
2
) < S
A
SUS
< S
A
EXP
f
s
= M
t
(d + 2t) / 4I
F = max (f
t
, f
L
)
f
t
= pd/2t + 0.5p
f
L
= pd
2
/[4t(d + t)] + (d + 2t)[sqrt(m
i
2
+ m
o
2
)] / 2I

Bends
< S
A
OPE
f
c
= sqrt (F
2
+ 4 f
s
2
) < S
A
SUS
< S
A
EXP
f
s
= Mt (d + 2t) /4I
F = max (ft, f
L
)
f
t
= r/I * sqrt[(m
i
F
Ti
)
2
+ (m
0
F
To
)
2
]
f
s
= r/I * sqrt[(m
i
F
Li
)
2
+ (m
0
F
Lo
)
2
]
Branch Junctions
BS806

< S
A
OPE
f
cb
= q * sqrt[f
b
2
+ 4f
sb
2
] < S
A
SUS
< S
A
EXP
f
b
= (d + t)*p*m/(2t) + r/I*sqrt[(m
i
F
TL
)
2
+ (m
o
F
TO
)2
]
F
sb
= Mt (d + 2t) / 4I
q = 1.0 except for operating cases
= 5 or .44 bases on d
2
/d
1
ratio in operating cases
m = geometric parameter
EXP S
A
= min[(H*S
proof ambient
+ H*S
proof design
);(H*S
proof ambient
+ F)]
21 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide
BS806

OPE S
A
= S
avg rupture
at design temperature
SUS S
A
= min[.8*S
proof
, S
creep rupture
]
BS 7159

If S
x
is tensile:
( )
( )
2 2
P D [sqrt((i M ) +(i M ) )]
m xi i xo o
S = +
x
4t Z

2 2
4S
x s
Sh o + <
(OPE)
and

2 2
( 4 ) *
s
Sh E E
H A
o + o <
|
(OPE)
or, if S
x
is compressive:
( )
( )
2 2
P D [sqrt((i M ) +(i M ) )]
F
m xi i xo o x
- -
A
4t Z

(If Fx/A > P(Dm)/(4t), and it is compressive)
S *
x
H A
h E E
x
Z o v o
| |

(OPE)
and

1.25 S
x
Sh Z
(OPE)
Circumferential Stress
( )
( )
MP D
m
S =
2t
|
for straight pipes

( )
( )
2 2
[ ((i M ) +(i M ) ) ]
MP D i i o o
m
+
2t Z
| |
=
for bends

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide 22
BS 7159

( )
( )
2 2
[ ((i M ) +(i M ) ) ]
MP D
i i o o m
+
2t Z
x x
=
for tees

D
m
and t are always for the Run Pipe

Canadian Z662

If FAC = 1.0 (fully restrained pipe)
|E o dT - v S
h
| + S
h
< 0.9 S * T (OPE)
If FAC = 0.001 (buried, but soil restraints modeled)
|F
ax
/ A - v S
h
| + S
b
+ S
h
< S * T (OPE)
(If F
ax
/ A - v S
h
is compressive)
If FAC = 0.0 (fully above ground)
|S
lp
+ F
ax
/ A| + S
b
+ S
h
< S * T (OPE)
(If S
lp
+ F
ax
/ A is compressive)
S
l
= 0.5S
h
+ S
b
< S * F * L * T (SUS, OCC)
S
E
= sqrt [S
b
2
+ 4S
t
2
] < 0.72 S * T (EXP)

CODETI

Sl = Sigma1 = p*De/(4ef) + 0.75*i*Ma/Z < fchaud (SUS) (C.3.3.2)
Sigma2 = p*De/(4*ef)+0.75*I*Ma/Z +0.75*i*Mb/Z<k*fchaud
(OCC) (C3.3.3)
Sigma3 = i*Mc/Z < fa (EXP) (C.3.3.4.1)
Sigma4 = p*De/(4*ef) + 0.75*i*Ma/Z + i*Mc/Z < fchaud + fa (C3.3.4-2)
With
fa = U*(1.25*ffroid + 0.25*fchaud)*Echaud/Efroid (C3.2.4.2-1)

Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

Hoop Stress: S
h
s n
s
SMYS (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Hoop Stress: S
h
s n
u
SMTS (OPE, SUS, OCC)
23 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide
Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

Longitudinal Stress: S
L
s n SMYS (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent Stress: S
e
s n SMYS (OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
S
h
= (P
i
P
e
) (D t) / 2t
n
s
= hoop stress yield usage factor Tables C1 and C2 of DNV
SMYS = specified minimum yield strength at operating temperature
n
u
= hoop stress bursting usage factor Tables C1 and C2 of DNV
SMTS = specified minimum tensile strength, at operating temperature
S
L
= maximum longitudinal stress
n = equivalent stress usage factor Table C4 of DNV
S
e
= [S
h
2
+ S
L
2
- S
h
S
L
+ 3t
2
]
1/2

EN-13480

c o A
P d (0.75i)M
+
4en Z
n
Kf Z
(SUS)
c o a
P d (0.75i)M iMc
+ +
4en Z Z
n h
f f Z +
(EXP)
c o A B
P d (0.75i)M i(0.75i)M
+ +
4en Z Z
n
Kf Z
(OCC)

EN-13480 Alternate Option

( ) ( )
2 2
i i o o
bA
i m + i m
S =
z
due to primary loads

c o
l bA
P d
S = +S
4en
n
Kf Z
(SUS)
2 2
b t l
S +4S +S
n h
f f Z +
(EXP)
c o
bA bB
P d
+S +S
4en
n
Kf Z
(OCC)

( ) ( )
2 2
i i o o
bB
i m + i m
S =
z
due to occasional loads

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide 24
FDBR

Sl = Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z < Sh (SUS)
i Mc / Z < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)
Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z + 0.75 i Mb / Z < k Sh (OCC)

HPGSL

Sl = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < Sh (SUS)
sqrt (Sb
2
+ 4 St
2
) < f [1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl] (EXP)
Fax/A + Sb + Slp < k Sh (OCC)
Sb = [sqrt ((i
i
M
i
)
2
+ (i
0
M
0
)
2
)]/Z

JPI

Sl = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < Sh (SUS)
sqrt (Sb
2
+ 4 St
2
) < f [1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl] (EXP)
Fax/A + Sb + Slp < k Sh (OCC)
Sb = [sqrt ((i
i
M
i
)
2
+ (i
0
M
0
)
2
)]/Z

Norwegian

2
PDi .75Ma
SI =
2 2
Z
Eff(D D )
0 1
+

(SUS)
iMc/Z < Sh + Sr - Sl (EXP)
2
.75i (Ma + Mb) PmaxDi
+
2 2 Z
Eff(D -D )
0 i
(OCC)
M = sqrt (M
x
2
+ M
y
2
+ M
z
2
)
S
r
= Minimum of 1.25 Sc + 0.25 Sh; F
r
R
s
-F
2
;
or F
r
(1.25R
1
+ 0.25R
2
)
The latter applies to temperatures over 370C; 425C for
Austenitic stainless steel

F
r
= Cyclic reduction factor
25 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide
Norwegian

R
s
= Permissible extent of stress for 7000 cycles
R
1
= Minimum of Sc and 0.267 R
m
R
2
= Minimum of Sh and 0.367 R
m
R
m
= Ultimate tensile strength at room temperature

PD8010

PD8010 Part 1

Hoop Stress S
h
< aeS
y
(OPE, SUS, OCC)
Equivalent Stress S
e
< 0.9S
y
(OPE, SUS, OCC)
Where:
S
y
= specified minimum yield strength
e = weld joint factor
PD8010 Part 1

2 2
2 2
( )
( )
o i
hl
o L
D D
S P
D D
( +
=
(

2 2 2
hl L hl L T
S +S -S *S +3*S
e
S =
S
hl
hoop stress using nominal dimensions
2 *
2
shear
T
F
MT
S
Z Area
(
(
= +
(


S
L
Based on restrained/unrestrained status
S
L
for unrestrained piping
L LP
S = S + im z
S
L
for restrained piping
If FAC = 1.0 (fully restrained pipe)
FAC | E o dT - uS
HOOP
| + S
HOOP
< 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
If FAC = 0.001 (buried, but soil restraints modeled)
Fax/A - v S
HOOP
+ Sb + S
HOOP
< 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
(If Slp + Fax/A is compressive)
If FAC = 0.0 (fully above ground)
Slp + Fax/A + Sb + S
HOOP
< 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide 26
PD8010 Part 1
(If Slp + Fax/A is compressive)
(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < 0.75) (0.72) (Syield) (SUS)
sqrt ( Sb
2
+ 4 St
2
) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)
(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < 0.8 (Syield) (OCC)

PD8010 Part 2
Hoop Stress S
h
< f
dh
S
y
Equivalent Stress S
e
< f
de
S
y
Where:
S
y
specified minimum yield strength
f
dh
hoop stress design factor (See Table 2)
f
de
equivalent stress design factor (See Table 2)
2 2
2 2
( )
( )
( )
o L
i o
o L
D D
Sh P P
D D
+
=

PD8010 Part 2
2 2 2
e h L h L T
S = S +S -S *S +3*S
2 *
2
shear
T
F
MT
S
Z Area
(
(
= +
(


L LP
S = S + im z
RCC-M C & D

Slp + 0.75i Ma/Z < Sh (SUS)
iMc/Z < f (1.25 Sc + .25 Sh) + Sh - Sl (EXP)
Slpmax + 0.75i (Ma + Mb)/Z < 1.2 Sh (OCC)

Stoomwezen

Slp + 0.75i Ma/Z < f (SUS)
iMc/Z < fe (EXP)
Slp + 0.75i (Ma + Mb)/Z < 1.2f (OCC)

27 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide
UKOOA

oa
b
(f
2
/r) + PD
m
/ (4t) < (f
1
f
2
LTHS) / 2.0
Where:
P = design pressure
D
m
= pipe mean diameter
t = pipe wall thickness
f
1
= factor of safety for 97.5% lower confidence limit, usually 0.85
f
2
= system factory of safety, usually 0.67
oa
b
= axial bending stress due to mechanical loads
r = oa(0:1) /oa(2:1)
oa(0:1) = long term axial tensile strength in absence of pressure load
oa(2:1) = long term axial tensile strength in under only pressure loading
LTHS = long term hydrostatic strength (hoop stress allowable)

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide 28
Node Locations on Bends
Bends are defined by the element entering the bend and the
element leaving the bend. The actual bend curvature is always
physically at the TO end of the element entering the bend.
The element leaving a bend must appear immediately after the
element defining (entering) the bend.
The default bend radius is 1.5 times the pipe nominal OD.
For stress and displacement output the TO node of the element
entering the bend is located geometrically at the FAR point on the
bend. The FAR point is at the weld line of the bend, and adjacent to
the straight element leaving the bend.
The NEAR point on the bend is at the weld line of the bend, and
adjacent to the straight element entering the bend.
The FROM point on the element is located at the NEAR point of the
bend if the total length of the element as specified in the DX, DY and
DZ fields is equal to: Radius * tan( Beta / 2 ) where Beta is the
bend angle, and Radius is the bend radius of curvature to the bend
centerline.
Nodes defined in the Angle # and Node # fields are placed at the
given angle on the bend curvature. The angle starts with zero
degrees at the NEAR point on the bend and goes to Beta degrees
at the FAR point of the bend.
Angles are always entered in degrees.
By default, nodes on the bend curvature cannot be specified within
five (5) degrees of one another or within five degrees of the nearest
end point. This and other bend settings may be changed through
the Main Menu, Configure-setup processor.
When the FROM node on the element entering the bend is not at
the bend NEAR point a node may be placed at the near point of the
bend by entering an Angle # on the bend spreadsheet equal to 0.0
degrees. For more information see the following figure.
When defining a bend element for the first time in the pipe
spreadsheet, nodes are automatically placed at the near and mid
point of the bend. The generated midpoint node number is one less
than the TO node number on the element, and the generated near
point node number is two less than the TO node number on the
element. A near point should always be included in the model in
29 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide
tight, highly formed piping systems. The top-left figure below shows
the points on the bend as they would be input. The top-right figure
shows the actual geometric location of the points on the bend. The
bottom-left figure shows the same geometry except that two nodes
are defined on the bend curvature at angles of zero and forty-five
degrees.

For an animated tutorial on modeling bends, select the ANIMATED
TUTORIALS option on the Help menu.
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide 30
CAESAR II Verification and Validation Manual
The CAESAR II Verification and Validation Manual is intended to serve as a
publicly available verification document. This manual discusses (briefly)
the current industry QA standards, the COADE QA standard, a series of
benchmark jobs, and instructions for users implementing QA
procedures on their own hardware.
The benchmark jobs consist of comparisons to published data by ASME
and the NRC. Additional test jobs compare CAESAR II results to other
industry programs.
For additional information on the Verification and Validation Manual, please
contact the sales department at sales@coade.com.
31 CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide
Additional COADE Software Programs
CADWorx Plant - An AutoCAD based plant design/drafting program with a
bi-directional data transfer link to CAESAR II. CADWorx allows models to
be created in ortho, iso, 2D or 3D modes. CADWorx template
specifications, contained with built in auto routing, auto iso, stress iso,
auto dimensioning, complete libraries, center of gravity calculations, and
bill of materials, provides the most complete plant design package to
designers.
CodeCalc - A program for the design or analysis of pressure vessel
components. CodeCalc capabilities include: analysis of tubesheets,
rectangular vessels, flanges, nozzles, Zick Analysis, and the standard
internal/external thickness and pressure computations on heads, shells,
and cones. API 579 calculations are also included.
PV Elite - A comprehensive program for the design or analysis of vertical
and horizontal vessels. Pressure Vessel Codes include ASME VIII-1
and VIII-2, PD:5500 and EN-13445. PVElite includes all of the CodeCalc
functionality.
TANK - A program for the design or rerating of API-650/653 storage
tanks. The program includes API 650 Appendices A, E, F, M, P, S, and
L as well as API 653 Appendix B. Computations address: winds girders,
conical roof design, allowed fluid heights, and remaining corrosion
allowance.
Quick Reference Guide Index
A
Additional COADE Software
Programs 31
ASME SECT III CLASS 2 & 3 15
B
B31.1 15
B31.1 (1967) and Navy Section 505
16
B31.11 19
B31.3 16
B31.4 16
B31.4 Chapter IX 16
B31.5 17
B31.8 17
B31.8 Chapter VIII 18
Bends 20
Branch Junctions 20
BS 7159 21
C
CAESAR II Interfaces 4
CAESAR II Intersection Types 14
CAESAR II Pipe Stress Seminars 3
CAESAR II Quality Assurance
Manual 30
CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide
Version 5.20 2
CAESAR II Software 2
Canadian Z662 22
Code Stresses 15
CODETI 22
D
Database Definitions 12
Det Norske Veritas (DNV) 22
E
EN-13480 23
F
FDBR 24
FRP Properties 11
G
GPTC/Z380 19
H
HPGSL 24
L
List of Materials 13
M
Miscellaneous Computations 12
N
Node Locations on Bends 28
Norwegian 24
P
PD8010 25
Piping Codes 5
Plot Colors 11
R
RCC-M C & D 26
Restraints 7
S
Setup File Directives List 8
SIFs and STRESSES 9
Stoomwezen 26
Stress 15
System Requirements 3
T
Troubleshooting 4
U
UKOOA 27
US Codes 15

COADE Inc.
12777 Jones Road, Suite 480
Houston, Texas 77070
Phone:(281)890-4566
Fax: (281)890-3301
Internet: www.coade.com

CAESAR II
Quick Reference Guide
VERSION 5.20
LAST REVISED 4/2009