BSS HARDWARE

PLANNING AND ENGINEERING

NETWORK SERVICES DIVISION

OBJECTIVE OBJECTIVE

1. 2. 3.

To familiarize with various network elements on BSS side ( from Mobile Station to Base Station Controller). To know the functions of each BSS network elements. To have an overview of antenna system setup for BTS and repeaters.

BSS Hardware outline BSS Hardware outline

BSS Elements 1. 2. Mobile Sattion BTS ( Base Tranceiver Station) - Antenna system components - BTS setup - Different types of BTS 3. Repeaters - Types and functions 4. TCSM (Transcoder submultiplexer) - hardware description, components & capacity 5. BSC (Base Station Controller) - hardware description, components & capacity

GSM Network
Base Station Subsystem
Repeaters Air Interface Base Transceiver Station
Visitor Location Register

Network Switching Subsystem Gateway MSC

A-bis Interface

Mobile Switching Center A Interface

Home Location Register

Air Interface

Mobile Station

Base Station Controller

Network Management Subsystem

Short Message Service Center

Mobile Station What is a mobile station?

A device able to access services in a GSM network via the Air interface.

+
Mobile Equipment Subscriber Identity Module

=
Mobile Station

Air Interface GSM Network

MOBILE EQUIPMENTS
2G

2.5G

3G

BASE TRANCEIVER STATION SET-UP SET-UP

Antenna and Cable setup for BTS with MHA - OUTDOOR
Mast Head Amplifier

7/16 (M) (out)

7/16 (F) (in)

Connector 7/16 (M) Cable

Jumper cable (1.5 m) 7/16(M) - 7/16(F)

Antenna Port 7/16 (F)

Cable Clamp Grounding Kit Connector 7/16 (M)

EMP Protector 7/16(M) - 7/16(F)

Current Injector for MHA 7/16(M) - 7/16(F)

N O K IA

Power supply for MHA Buss Bar Grounding Rod

Note:
All BTS port (Ultrasite, Intratalk, Flexitalk & Citytalk) : 7/16 Female All feeder connectors: 7/16 male All jumper cables: diameter with 7/16 Male - 7/16 Female connectors, 1.5 meter in length
Jumper cable (1.5 m) 7/16(M) - 7/16(F)

BASE TRANCEIVER STATION SETUP

Distributed Antenna System Set-up - INDOOR
Feeder Panel Antenna Port N (F)
N (M)
Coupler Coupler

N (M)

Omni Antenna Port N ( F)

N (F)

Feeder connector N (M)

Couplers
Straight Adapter N (M) N (M)
Coupler

N (F) N (M) N (M)

Radiating cable

Level 2
N (F) N (M) N (F)

Level 1

Coupler

Jumper cable (1.5 m) 7/16(M) N (F)

Power Terminator N (F)

Jumper Cable (1.5m) SMA (M) N (F)

N (M) N (F) N (M)

Jumper cable (1.5 m) Right angle N(M) to N (F)

N (F) N (M) N (F) N (M)

Splitter

N (F)

Splitters

N (F)

Note:
All antenna, splitter & coupler ports: N Female All feeder connectors: N male
N (F)
N O K IA

SMA (F)
7/16 (M)
NOKI A

N (F) N (M)

N (M)

Jumper cable (1.5 m) N (M) N (F)

N (M)
Coupler

N (F) N (M) N (M)

Angle Adapter N (M) N (F)

Metrosite Ground floor

Insite

Angle Adapter N (M) N (M)

DETAILED COMPONENTS OF BTS ANTENNA SYSTEM

ANTENNA

yagi

Outdoor panel Indoor omni Indoor panel radiation pattern

MAST HEAD AMPLIFIERS

a.k.a TMA tower mount amplifiers A Low noise receiver amplifier used to improve the up-link sensitivity of the BTS.

Advantages of TMA
Extended network coverage Remove up-link limitation Improved Network Quality Fewer dropped calls Higher call throughput Satisfied subscribers Reduces MS output power Longer battery life and less interference. Reduced infrastructure cost Fewer sites
Outdoor Building, shelter or container

Antenna

TMA Jumper Main feeder

PDU CIN

DC supply

JUMPER CABLES

Jumper cables are flexible cables used to connect the feeder to the equipment without causing excessive strain on the equipment connector.

CABLES
Cables - a transmission line where energy can pass through without considerable decrease on the energy Cable Types - , 7/8 and 1 & 5/8 cable

CABLES cont..
Leaky Cables - a cable which has a leak where energy escapes out continuously

CONNECTORS Connectors - device that joins two or more circuit

Connectors

CABLE CLAMPS
Clamps are used to fasten the feeder on the support structures. They fit for a variety of profiles and facilitate secure fastening without risk of damaging the cable.

GROUNDING KITS
Grounding kits are used to ground the outer conductor of the feeder in order to protect the equipment from lightning strikes or any voltage peaks induced on the antennaline.

EMP / SURGE PROTECTOR

EMP is used to protect the equipment against lightning strikes or high voltages coming down the center conductor of the antennaline.

BUSS BAR

Buss Bar is made up of copper (good conductor of electricity) where grounding kits & EMP are connected before linking it to ground.

COUPLERS
Directional Coupler - a device that couples a secondary system only to a wave traveling in a particular direction while completely ignoring the wave traveling into the opposite direction

COUPLERS cont.
Directional Coupler Types 6 , 10, 15 & 20 dB

6 dB

10 dB

15 dB

20 dB

SPLITTER
Splitter/Divider - a device that has the capability to distribute one input signal to two or more output without introducing distortion to the signal.

SPLITTER cont.
Splitter Types 2 , 3, & 4 way 4 way

3 way

2 way

DETAILED COMPONENTS OF BTS HARDWARE

BTS General Overview BTS General Overview

BTS Applications: Macro ranges from 10 12 km Micro ranges from 1 2 km Pico indoor application BTS Frequency Bands: 1800 MHz 900 MHz

Tasks of the BTS Tasks of the BTS

maintain synchronisation to MS RF signal processing ( combining, filtering, coupling) diversity reception radio interface timing detect access attempts of mobiles de-/ encryption on radio path channel de-/ coding & interleaving on radio path perform frequency hopping forward measurement data to BSC

Main entities of a BTS Main entities of a BTS

Transmitter and receiver unit Frequency Hopping unit RF combiners and filters Signal processing units, channel coding, demodulation Alarm collecting units, clocks and timing OMU : remote operation and maintenance transmission interfaces towards Abis interface Power supply, heat exchangers

BTS Family BTS Family

Talk Family

Site Family

Citytalk Outdoor BTS 20 Watts 6 TRX / cab

Intratalk Indoor BTS 20 Watts 6 TRX / cab

Flexitalk Indoor/Outdoor BTS 20 Watts 2 TRX / cab

UltraSite Indoor BTS 20 Watts 12 TRX / cab

MetroSite Indoor/Outdoor BTS 5 Watts 4 TRX / cab

InSite Indoor BTS 160 mWatts 1 TRX

BTS Elements BTS Elements

Intratalk

Citytalk

Flexitalk

REPEATERS

REPEATERS REPEATERS Repeater - an amplifier that processes weak signals and retransmits stronger signal without reshaping their waveform

f1fn f1fn

f1fn

Repeater Systems Coverage area

BTS 900 only

Overlap Coverage

Repeater Types Repeater Types

Band Selective (BSR)- Uses the band required only by the operator. Amplifies and retransmits signal/s from the donor using the same frequency/ies. Macro & Micro application. Channel Selective (CSR)- Amplifies and retransmits only the channel or channels selected by the operator. Macro Application. Frequency Translating/Shifting (FSR) -Amplifies and retransmits signal from the donor using a different frequency. More complex since it needs equipment both at the donor and mobile facing sites. Macro Application.

Repeater Set-up CSR and/or BSR Repeater Set-up CSR and/or BSR
Jumper cable (1.5 m) 7/16 (M) - 7/16 (F)

Jumper cable (1.5 m) 7/16 (M) - 7/16 (F)

Antenna Port 7/16 (F)

7/16 (M) 7/16 (F)

7/16 (M)

Antenna Port 7/16 (F)

Feeder Power splitter port

Feeder connector 7/16 (M)

Buss Bar

Grounding Kit EMP Protector 7/16(M) - 7/16(F)

Repeater port 7/16 (F)

HOW DOES AN FSR WORK?

F1 900MHz F1 900MHz F1 850MHz

F1 900MHz

Link Antenna

coupler Remote Equipment Donor Equipment

MOBILE MOBILE

BTS

DONOR SITE

REMOTE SITE

WHEN DO WE USE THE FSR?

UTILIZATION IMPROVEMENT OF A CELL

ECHO Site

Highly Utilized Cell (Wide Coverage)

Lowly Utilized Cell (Highway Coverage)

SEAMLESS COVERAGE

ECHO Site