OVERVIEW OF IEEE P802.

16m TECHNOLOGY AND CANDIDATE RIT FOR IMT-ADVANCED

IEEE 802.16 IMT-Advanced Evaluation Group Coordination Meeting 13 January 2010 La Jolla, CA, USA
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Outline
General Description and Features IEEE 802.16m Physical Layer
Frame Structure DL/UL Subchannelization and Permutation HARQ Protocols and Timing Downlink/Uplink MIMO Schemes Modulation and Coding Downlink Synchronization and Control Channels Uplink Control Channels
MAC Addressing Network Entry Connection Management Quality of Service MAC Management Messages MAC Headers ARQ and HARQ Functions Mobility Management and Handover Power Management Security

IEEE 802.16m Medium Access Control

Support of Legacy Systems Advanced Features References

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General Description and Features

Advanced Features in IEEE 802.16m

IEEE 802.16m incorporates some advanced functions relative to the legacy system including:
New subframe-based frame structure that allows faster air-link transmissions/retransmissions, resulting in significantly shorter user-plane and control plane latencies.

New subchannelization schemes and more efficient pilot structures in the downlink and uplink to reduce L1 overhead and to increase spectral efficiency.
New and improved control channel structures in the downlink and uplink to increase efficiency and reduce latency of resource allocation and transmission as well as system entry/re-entry.

Multi-carrier operation using a single MAC instantiation to enable operation in contiguous/non-contiguous RF bands in excess of 20 MHz Extended and improved MIMO modes in the downlink and uplink Enhanced Multicast and Broadcast Services using new E-MBS control channels and subchannelization Enhanced GPS-based and Non-GPS-based Location Based Services Support of Femto Cells and Self-Organization and Optimization features Increased VoIP capacity though use of new control structure, frame structure, faster HARQ retransmissions, persistent scheduling, group scheduling, and reduced MAC overhead.
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Advanced Features in IEEE 802.16m

Improved and increased control channel and data channel coverage and link budget through use of transmit diversity schemes as well as more robust transmission formats and link adaptation. Support for multi-hop relay operation with unified access and relay links Support for advanced interference mitigation techniques including Multi-BS MIMO, Fractional Frequency Reuse, Closed-loop and Open-loop power control schemes. Improved intra-RAT and inter-RAT handover schemes with shorter handoff interruption times Improved sleep and idle mode operations Improved QoS support

IEEE 802.16m Reference Model

IEEE 802.16 Entity
CS SAP Service Specific Convergence Sublayer (CS) CS Management/Configuration MAC SAP

Network Control and Management System

M-SAP--------------C-SAP

MAC Common Part Sublayer (MAC CPS) MAC Management/Configuration

Security Sublayer PHY SAP Physical Layer (PHY) PHY Management/Configuration Management Information Base (MIB)

Data/Control Plane

Management Plane
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IEEE 802.16m Protocol Structure

Frame Structure

IEEE 802.16m OFDMA Numerology

Nominal channel bandwidth (MHz) Sampling factor Sampling frequency (MHz) FFT size Sub-carrier spacing (kHz) Useful symbol time Tu (s) Symbol time Ts (s) Number of OFDM symbols per 5ms frame CP Tg=1/8 Tu 5 28/25 5.6 512 10.94 91.429 102.857 48 62.857 47 7 8/7 8 1024 7.81 128 144 34 104 33 8.75 8/7 10 1024 9.76 102.4 115.2 43 46.40 42 10 28/25 11.2 1024 10.94 20 28/25 22.4 2048 10.94

91.429 91.429 102.857 102.857 48 47 48 47 62.857 62.857

FDD
TDD

Idle time (s) Number of OFDM symbols per 5ms frame

TTG + RTG (s)

Symbol time Ts (s)

165.714
97.143 51 45.71 50 142.853 114.286 43 85.694 42

248
136 36 104 35 240 160 31 40 30

161.6
108.8 45 104 44 212.8 128 39 8 37

165.714 165.714
97.143 97.143 51 45.71 50 51 45.71 50

CP Tg=1/16 Tu

FDD TDD

Number of OFDM symbols per 5ms frame Idle time (s) Number of OFDM symbols per 5ms frame TTG + RTG (s) Symbol Time Ts (s)

142.853 142.853 114.286 114.286 43 42 43 42 85.694 85.694

CP Tg=1/4 Tu

Number of OFDM symbols per 5ms frame FDD TDD Idle time (s) Number of OFDM symbols per 5ms frame

TTG + RTG (s)

199.98

200

264

199.98 199.98

IEEE 802.16m uses OFDMA in both uplink and downlink as the multiple access scheme IEEE 802.16m supports other bandwidths between 5MHz and 20MHz than listed by dropping edge tones from 10MHz or 20MHz
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Basic Frame Structure (FDD/TDD)

Superframe (20ms) comprises 4 radio frames Radio frame (5 ms) consists of 8,7,6, or 5 subframes (depending on frame configuration) DL/UL subframes contain 6,5,7,or 9 OFDM symbols

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CP=1/8 Basic Frame Structure (DL/UL=5:3)

TDD Frame : 5 ms

DL SF0 (6)

DL SF1 (6)

DL SF2 (6)

DL SF3 (6)

DL SF4 (5) TTG

UL SF5 (6)

UL SF6 (6)

UL SF7 (6) RTG

6 OFDM symbol = 0.617 ms

102.857

5 OFDM symbol = 0.514 ms

102.857

Type-1 Subframe

DL/UL SF0 (6)

S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0

Type-3 Subframe

S4 S3 S2 S1 S0

Idle DL/UL SF1 (6) DL/UL SF2 (6) DL/UL SF3 (6) DL/UL SF4 (6) DL/UL SF5 (6) DL/UL SF6 (6) DL/UL SF7 (6)

FDD Frame : 5 ms

Supported DL/UL ratio in unit of subframes: 3:5, 4:4, 5:3, 6:2, 8:0

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CP=1/16 Frame Structure (DL/UL=5:3)

TDD Frame : 5 ms

DL SF0 (6)

DL SF1 (7)

DL SF2 (6)

DL SF3 (6)

DL SF4 (6) TTG

UL SF5 (6)

UL SF6 (6)

UL SF7 (7) RTG

6 OFDM symbol = 0.583 ms

97.143

7 OFDM symbol = 0.680 ms

97.143

Type-1 Subframe

S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0

S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0
Type-2 Subframe Idle

DL/UL SF0 (6)

DL/UL SF1 (7)

DL/UL SF2 (6)

DL/UL SF3 (6)

DL/UL SF4 (7)

DL/UL SF5 (6)

DL/UL SF6 (6)

DL/UL SF7 (7)

FDD Frame : 5 ms

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DL/UL Subchannelization and Permutation

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DL/UL Subchannelization and Permutation

Physical Resource Unit (PRU) is the basic physical unit for resource allocation that comprises Psc consecutive subcarriers by Nsym consecutive OFDMA symbols. Psc is 18 subcarriers and Nsym is 6, 7, and 5 OFDMA symbols.

Logical Resource Unit (LRU) is the basic logical unit for localized and distributed resource allocations.
Distributed Resource Unit (DRU) achieves frequency diversity gain by grouping of subcarriers which are spread across the distributed resources within a frequency partition. Localized Resource Unit or Contiguous Resource Unit (CRU) achieves frequencyselective scheduling gain by grouping subcarriers which are contiguous across the localized resource allocations within a frequency partition.
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DL/UL Subchannelization and Permutation

Concurrent distributed and localized transmissions in the subframe
UL/DL DRU: tiles/tone-pair permutation ( similar to UL/DL PUSC in the legacy standard) Sub-band CRU: localized resource with band selection (similar to band AMC in the legacy standard) Mini-band CRU: diversity resource with dedicated pilots

Concurrent frequency reuse-1 and FFR

Up to 4 frequency partitions: one reuse-1 and three reuse-3 Low power transmission is allowed on other segments reuse-3 frequency partitions

UL is similar to DL structure except

UL DRU use tile similar to PUSC tile (instead of subcarrier) Legacy support with IEEE 802.16m PUSC mode (4x6 tile)

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DL/UL Subchannelization and Permutation

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Sub-band Partitioning

Mini-band Permutation

Frequency Partitioning

CRU/DRU Allocation

Subcarrier permutation
CRU(FP0) 0 1 2 3 20 21 DRU(FP0) 12 28 36 44 13 29 CRU(FP1) 8 9 10 11 16 17 18 19 DRU(FP1) 37 45 14 22 CRU(FP2) 24 25 26 27 32 33 34 35 DRU(FP2) 30 38 46 15 CRU(FP3) 40 41 42 43 4 5 6 7 DRU(FP3) 23 31 39 47

PRU 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47

SB 0 1 2 3 8 9 10 11 16 17 18 19 24 25 26 27 32 33 34 35 40 41 42 43 4 5 6 7 MB 12 13 14 15 20 21 22 23 28 29 30 31 36 37 38 39 44 45 46 47

SB 0 1 2 3 8 9 10 11 16 17 18 19 24 25 26 27 32 33 34 35 40 41 42 43 4 5 6 7 PMB 12 20 28 36 44 13 21 29 37 45 14 22 30 38 46 15 23 31 39 47

FP0 0 1 2 3 12 20 28 36 44 13 21 29 FP1 8 9 10 11 16 17 18 19 37 45 14 22 FP2 24 25 26 27 32 33 34 35 30 38 46 15 FP3 40 41 42 43 4 5 6 7 23 31 39 47

48 Physical Resource Units

48 Logical Resource Units

Multi-cell steps

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DL/UL Pilot Patterns

Up to 8 streams in the DL and up to 4 streams in the UL Dedicated precoded pilots are used Shared pilots for DL DRU, always two streams Pilots density is adapted to number of streams 5.6% pilot overhead per stream for DL 1 or 2 streams 3.7% per stream for 3 or 4 streams Interlaced pilots (pilots collides with data) are used to exploit pilot boosting gain
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DL Pilot Structure for 1, 2, 3, and 4 Stream

UL Pilot Structure for 1, 2, 3, and 4 Stream

DL/UL Pilot Patterns

PILOT PATTERN FOR EIGHT TX STREAMS

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Pilot Interlacing Concept

Interlaced Pilots for 1 Stream

Interlaced Pilots for 2 Streams

To overcome the effects of pilot interference among the neighboring sectors or base stations, an interlaced pilot structure is utilized by cyclically shifting the base pilot pattern such that the pilots of neighboring cells do not overlap

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HARQ Protocols and Timing

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IEEE 802.16m HARQ Operation

IEEE 802.16m uses adaptive asynchronous and non-adaptive synchronous HARQ schemes in the downlink and uplink, respectively. The HARQ operation is relying on an N-process (multi-channel, N=16) stop-and-wait protocol. In adaptive asynchronous HARQ, the resource allocation and transmission format for the HARQ retransmissions may be different from the initial transmission. In case of retransmission, control signaling is required to indicate the resource allocation and transmission format along with other HARQ necessary parameters. A non-adaptive synchronous HARQ scheme is used in the uplink where the parameters and the resource allocation for the retransmission are known a priori.

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HARQ Operation and Timing

Downlink (FDD/TDD)
i-th frame Subframe index
0 1
Assignment + DL data burtst

(i+1)-th frame Subframe index

5 6 7 0 1
Assignment + DL data burtst

DL

5
HARQ Feedback

5
HARQ Feedback

UL

EXAMPLE FDD DL HARQ TIMING FOR 5, 10 AND 20 MHZ CHANNEL BANDWIDTHS

i-th frame Subframe index
0 1
Assignment + DL data burtst

(i+1)-th frame Subframe index

0 1
Assignment + DL data burtst

DL

0
HARQ Feedback

UL

HARQ Feedback

EXAMPLE TDD DL HARQ TIMING FOR 5, 10 AND 20 MHZ CHANNEL BANDWIDTHS

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HARQ Operation and Timing

Uplink (FDD/TDD)
i-th frame Subframe index
0 1
Assignment

(i+1)-th frame Subframe index

5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(Assignment +) HARQ Feedback

DL

5
UL data burst

5
UL data burst

UL

EXAMPLE FDD UL HARQ TIMING FOR 5, 10 AND 20 MHZ CHANNEL BANDWIDTHS

i-th frame Subframe index

0 1
Assignment

(i+1)-th frame Subframe index

0 1 2 3 4
(Assignment +) HARQ Feedback

DL

0
UL data burst

UL

UL data burst

EXAMPLE TDD UL HARQ TIMING FOR 5, 10 AND 20 MHZ CHANNEL BANDWIDTHS

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HARQ Timing (TDD DL/UL 5:3)

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Downlink/Uplink MIMO Schemes

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IEEE 802.16mDL/UL MIMO Schemes

Key features of IEEE 802.16m DL MIMO
Single-BS and Multi-BS MIMO Single-User MIMO (SU-MIMO) and Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO)
Vertical encoding for SU-MIMO and Horizontal encoding for MU-MIMO

Adaptive-precoding (closed loop) and non-adaptive (open loop) MIMO precoding Codebook and sounding based precoding
Short and long term adaptive precoding as well as Dedicated (precoded) pilots for MIMO operation Enhanced base codebook, Transformed codebook, Differential codebook

Enhanced codebook design

Key features of IEEE 802.16m UL MIMO

Single-User MIMO (SU-MIMO) and Collaborative Spatial Multiplexing (CSM) Vertical encoding for SU-MIMO and CSM Open Loop and Closed Loop MIMO operation Codebook based and vendor specific precoding
Short and Long term precoding as well as Precoded (dedicated) pilots for MIMO operation Enhanced base codebook for both correlated and uncorrelated channel Antenna selection codewords to reduce MS power consumption

Enhanced codebook design

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IEEE 802.16m DL MIMO Classification

SINGLE BS-MIMO

CL-SU

CL-MU

OL-SU

OL-MU

OL-SU

CL-SU (LT BF)

CL-MU (LT BF)

LOCALIZED ALLOCATIONS

DISTRIBUTED ALLOCATIONS

MULTI-BS MIMO

PMI RESTRICTION

PMI RECOMMENDATION

CL MACRO DIVERSITY COLLABORATIVE MIMO

SINGLE BS WITH PMI COORDINATION

MULTI BS PRECODING WITH COORDINATION

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Downlink/Uplink MIMO Architectures

Downlink MIMO

Uplink MIMO

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Downlink MIMO Modes

MODE INDEX MODE 0 MODE 1 MODE 2 DESCRIPTION OL SU-MIMO OL SU-MIMO (SM) CL SU-MIMO (SM) MIMO ENCODING FORMAT (MEF) SFBC VERTICAL ENCODING VERTICAL ENCODING MIMO PRECODING NON-ADAPTIVE NON-ADAPTIVE ADAPTIVE

MODE 3
MODE 4 MODE 5

OL MU-MIMO (SM)
CL MU-MIMO (SM) OL SU-MIMO (TX DIVERSITY) # OF TX ANTENNAS

HORIZONTAL ENCODING
HORIZONTAL ENCODING CONJUGATE DATA REPETITION (CDR) # OF STREAMS
2 2 2 1 2 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 2 3 4 2 3 4 1 1 1

NON-ADAPTIVE
ADAPTIVE NON-ADAPTIVE # OF LAYERS
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 2 3 4 1 1 1

STC RATE PER LAYER

1 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 1/2 1/2

# OF SUBCARRIERS
2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2

MIMO MODE 0

MIMO MODE 1 AND MIMO MODE 2

MIMO MODE 3 AND MIMO MODE 4

MIMO MODE 5

2 4 8 2 2 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 2 4 4 4 8 8 8 2 4 8

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Uplink MIMO Modes

MODE INDEX MODE 0 MODE 1 MODE 2 MODE 3 MODE 4

DESCRIPTION OL SU-MIMO OL SU-MIMO (SM) CL SU-MIMO (SM) OL MU-MIMO (COLLABORATIVE SM) CL MU-MIMO (COLLABORATIVE SM) NUMBER OF TRANSMIT ANTENNAS

MIMO ENCODING FORMAT SFBC VERTICAL ENCODING VERTICAL ENCODING VERTICAL ENCODING VERTICAL ENCODING STC RATE PER LAYER 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 4 1 1 2 3 NUMBER OF STREAMS 2 2 1 2 1 2 3 4 1 1 2 3

MIMO PRECODING NON-ADAPTIVE NON-ADAPTIVE ADAPTIVE NON-ADAPTIVE ADAPTIVE NUMBER OF SUBCARRIERS 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 NUMBER OF LAYERS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

MIMO MODE 0

2 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4

MIMO MODE 1 AND MIMO MODE 2

MIMO MODE 3 AND MIMO MODE 4

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DL MIMO Open-loop Region

OL MIMO Region is a pre-allocated MIMO zone dedicated for open-loop MIMO transmission
OL region is aligned across all cells Static interference inside OL Region improves accuracy of CQI measurements for link adaptation and covariance matrix estimation for interference mitigation CQI is estimated using precoded pilots Three types of OL region

Maximum # of Streams OL Region Type 0 2 streams

MIMO MODE MIMO Mode 0 MIMO Mode 1 (Mt = 2 streams) MIMO Mode 5 (Mt = 1 streams)

SUPPORTED PERMUTATION DRU Mini-band based CRU (diversity allocation) Sub-band based CRU (localized allocation) Sub-band based CRU (localized allocation)

OL Region Type 1

1 stream

OL Region Type 2

2 streams

MIMO Mode 1 (Mt = 2 streams) MIMO Mode 3 (Mt = 2 streams)

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SU-MIMO Base Codebook

Base codebook for 2 TX antennas
3 bits codebook for adaptive precoding codebook subset for non-adaptive precoding 6 bits codebook (4 bits subset) for adaptive precoding codebook subset for non-adaptive precoding 4 bits codebook for adaptive precoding codebook subset for non-adaptive precoding

Base codebook for 4 TX antennas

Base codebook for 8 TX antennas

MIMO Feedback UL control channel

Allocated using Feedback Allocation A-MAP IE One PFBCH or SFBCH per MS Allocated using Polling A-MAP IE Maximum 4 header/message per user

UL MAC header and MAC control message

Most reports are based on mid-amble measurements, except measurements on OL region pilots

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MIMO Midamble
MIMO midamble is used for PMI selection and CQI estimation MIMO midamble is transmitted every frame one the first symbol of DL subframe Physical structure
Reuse 3 Low PAPR Golay sequence 2dB boosting Antenna rotation to break periodic properties

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Modulation and Coding

35

Modulation and Coding

Convolutional Turbo Code (CTC) with code rate 1/3
FEC block sizes ranging from 48 to 4800 Bit grouping: solve the 64QAM degradation problem FEC CRC and burst CRC A small set of burst sizes and simple concatenation rule Rate matching -> continuous code rate

Burst size signaling

Control channels (DL: SFH and A-A-MAP; UL: SFBCH and BW-REQ) FEC is based on TBCC
Minimal code rate is 1/4 for DL and 1/5 for UL Random puncturing with sub-block interleaver and rate-matching HARQ-IR 4 SPID defined for DL, signaled in A-MAP Contiguous transmission in UL CoRe: 2 versions for 16QAM and 64QAM DL: CoRe version signaled in A-MAP UL: CoRe version change when circular buffer wrap around

HARQ coding

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Modulation and Coding

INDEX 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 BURST SIZE (BYTE) 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 # OF FEC BLOCKS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 INDEX 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 BURST SIZE (BYTE) 90 100 114 128 145 164 181 # OF FEC BLOCKS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 INDEX 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 BURST SIZE (BYTE) 1200 1416 1584 1800 1888 2112 2400 # OF FEC BLOCKS 2 3 3 3 4 4 4

8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

15
17 19 22 25 27 31 36 40 44 50 57 64 71 80

1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

205
233 262 291 328 368 416 472 528 600 656 736 832 944 1056

1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2

52
53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66

2640
3000 3600 4200 4800 5400 6000 6600 7200 7800 8400 9600 10800 12000 14400

5
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 20 24

37

Downlink Synchronization and Control Channels

38

Structure of the DL Synchronization Channels

Primary Advanced Preamble
One symbol per superframe Super frame synchronization Initial acquisition (timing/carrier recovery)

Secondary Advanced Preamble

Three symbols per superframe Fine synchronization and cell identification

39

Primary A-Preamble
Fixed BW (5 MHz) 216 sequence length 11 binary sequences Reuse 1 Every other subcarrier is null (2x repetition in time) Carries BW information
Index 0 : 5MHz, Index 1 : 7, 8.75, 10 MHz Index 2 : 20 MHz Indices 3~9 : reserved Index 10 : Partially configured carrier

40

Secondary A-Preamble
Carries 768 cell IDs: 3x256 QPSK Frequency reuse 3 Scalable structure
Support multiple BW
5 MHz composed of 8 sub-blocks 10 MHz composed of 16 sub-blocks (repeat 5MHz preamble)

Support Tone dropping for irregular BW Support multiple TX antenna

Block cyclic shift avoid the ambiguity of legacy preamble detection

DC (256)

40

43

91

96

99

147 149

152

200

202

205

253

54

54

54

54

258

261

309 311

314

362

367

370

418 420

423

471

54 : SAPreambleCarrierSet0

54

54 : SAPreambleCarrierSet1

54 : SAPreambleCarrierSet2

Allocation of Sequence Blocks for each FFT Size

SA-Preamble Symbol Structure for 512 Point FFT 41

Superframe Header (Broadcast Channel)

SFH is located in the first subframe of every superframe. The first subframe of every superframe always has 6 symbols. The first symbol is occupied by SA-Preamble. SFH occupies the last 5 symbols of the subframe. The SFH subframe has only one frequency partition. All LRUs in the subframe are distributed LRUs with 2 stream pilots. P-SFH is transmitted every superframe and occupies the first few DLRUs of the subframe. P-SFH is transmitted using a fixed MCS: QPSK and an effective code rate of 1/24 using TBCC as the mother code. The IE size of P-SFH is fixed. Therefore the physical resource (number of LRUs) occupied by P-SFH is fixed. AMS can decode P-SFH after obtaining system bandwidth and permutation information from PA-Preamble and SA-Preamble detection. S-SFH takes DLRUs after P-SFH and has a variable size, depending on the MCS and S-SFH sub-packet to be transmitted.
P-SFH IE CRC addition Channel encoding QPSK modulation MIMO Encoder/ precoder Map to P-SFH

S-SFH IE

CRC addition

Channel encoding

QPSK modulation

MIMO Encoder/ precoder

Map to S-SFH

42

Superframe Header (Broadcast Channel)

After decoding P-SFH, AMS acquires the MCS and sub-packet information of S-SFH, from which AMS can derive the LRUs occupied by S-SFH and start decoding.

SFBC and QPSK are used for both P-SFH and S-SFH.
Total resource occupied by SFH is no more than 24 LRUs. However 4 to 6 LRUs need to be reserved for A-MAP in the 5 MHz system bandwidth case. P-SFH IE: It contains information regarding S-SFH sub-packet number, transmission format, and S-SFH change count/bitmap. S-SFH sub-packet 1: network re-entry information. It is transmitted once every two superframes. S-SFH sub-packet 2: initial network entry and network discovery information. It is transmitted once every four superframes. S-SFH sub-packet 3: remaining essential system information. The frequency of transmission is not determined but should be more than four superframes. At most one S-SFH sub-packet is transmitted in a superframe.

43

Superframe Header Content (informative)

SFH IE Type
P-SFH IE

Content
LSB of Superframe number, S-SFH change count, S-SFH Size, S-SFH Number of Repetitions, S-SFH Scheduling information bitmap, S-SFH SP change bitmap Start superframe offset, MSB of superframe number, LSB of 48 bit ABS MAC ID, Number of UL ACK/NACK channels, Number of UL ACK/NACK channels, Power control channel resource size, Non-user specific A-MAP location, A-A-MAPMCS selection, DL permutation configuration, UL permutation configuration, Unsync ranging allocation interval channel information, Unsync ranging location in the frame, RNG codes information, Ranging code subset/ partition, ABS EIRP, Cell bar information

S-SFH SP1

SFH IE Type S-SFH SP2

Content Start superframe offset, Frame configuration index, UL carrier frequency, UL bandwidth, MSB bytes of 48 bit ABS MAC ID, MAC protocol revision, FFR partitioning info for DL region, FFR partitioning info for UL region, AMS Transmit Power Limitation Level, EIRPIR_min Start superframe offset, Rate of change of SP, SA-sequence soft partitioning, FFR partition resource metrics, N1 information for UL power control, UL Fast FB Size, # Tx antenna, SP scheduling periodicity, HO Ranging backoff start, HO Ranging backoff end, Initial ranging backoff start, Initial ranging backoff end, UL BW REQ channel information, Bandwidth request backoff start, Bandwidth request backoff end, Uplink AAI subframe bitmap for sounding, Sounding multiplexing type (SMT) for sounding, Decimation value D/ Max Cyclic Shift Index P for sounding

S-SFH SP3

44

A-MAP Region
An A-MAP region is composed of one or all of the following A-MAPs: non userspecific A-MAP, HARQ feedback A-MAP, power control A-MAP, and assignment AMAP. There is at most one A-MAP region in a frequency partition. An A-MAP region occupies a number of logically contiguous DLRUs. There is at least one A-MAP region in each DL subframe.

Information in the A-MAP region is coded and transmitted using SFBC.

If FFR configuration is used, both the reuse 1 partition and the highest-power reuse 3 partition may have an A-MAP region. In a DL subframe, non user-specific, HARQ feedback, and power control A-MAPs are in a frequency partition called the primary frequency partition. The primary frequency partition can be either the reuse 1 partition or the highestpower reuse 3 partition, which is indicated by ABS through SFH. Assignment A-MAP can be in the reuse 1 partition or the highest-power reuse 3 partition or both.

45

A-MAP Region Location and Structure

A-MAP A-MAP A-MAP A-MAP

DL SF0

DL SF1

DL SF2

DL SF3

UL SF4

UL SF5

UL SF6

UL SF7

A-MAP Region

Primary Frequency Partition

LAMAP DLRUs

Distributed

Non user-specific A-MAP HARQ Feedback A-MAP Power control A-MAP Assignment A-MAP

Localized

Nsym symbols

...

Data channels

46

A-MAP Physical Channel Tone-Selection

A-MAP physical channels are formed by selecting tone-pairs from DLRUs in the A-MAP region. Tone-pairs of DLRUs in the A-MAP region are rearranged into a onedimensional array in the time first manner. An A-MAP channel are formed by tone-pairs in a segment of the array.
RMP[0]

LRU(0)

RMP[1]

...

LRU(1)

...

RMP[v+ NMLRU/2-2] RMP[v+ NMLRU/2-1]

... ...
RMP[Nsym LAMAP8-2] RMP[Nsym LAMAP8-1]

LRU(LAMAP-1)

...

MLRU[0]

RMP[v+1]

...

...

...
RMP[v-2] RMP[v-1] RMP[v]

47

Non User-Specific A-MAP

The non user-specific A-MAP is the first A-MAP in the A-MAP region in the primary frequency partition. It has 12 information bits coded with 1/12 TBCC if the A-MAP region is in the reuse 1 partition, or with TBCC if the A-MAP region is in the reuse 3 partition.

48

HARQ Feedback A-MAP

HARQ feedback A-MAP uses 8 tone-pairs as a cluster. Each cluster can carry up to 4 HF-A-MAP IEs. To reach cell edge users, BS can choose to transmit only one HF-A-MAP IE in a symbol (BPSK mode) before repetition. 8 LSBs of the STID are used to scrambled the repeated HF-A-MAP IE before modulation in order to allow error handling of UL HARQ / persistent scheduling.

HF-A-MAP IE(s)
(2 bits if QPSK;1 bit if BPSK)

Repetition

STID Scramble

QPSK/ BPSK SFBC

HF-A-MAP IE(s)
(2 bits if QPSK;1 bit if BPSK)

Repetition

STID Scramble

QPSK/ BPSK

HF-A-MAP symbols

49

Power Control A-MAP

PC-A-MAP uses 2 tone-pairs (a PC-A-MAP cluster) to transmit up to 2 PC-A-MAP IEs. To reach cell edge users, BS can choose to transmit only one PC-A-MAP IE in a PC-A-MAP cluster. The first PC-A-MAP in the cluster occupies the real part of both symbols in each tone pair before the SFBC encoder. The second PC-A-MAP occupies the imaginary part of both symbols in each tone pair before the SFBC encoder.
MSB LSB
I-branch

ith PC-AMAP IE

Q-branch

Modulator (QPSK)

Repetition (x2) SFBC PC-A-MAP symbols

(i+1)th PC-AMAP IE

MSB
I-branch

LSB
Q-branch

Modulator (QPSK)

Repetition (x2)

50

Assignment A-MAP
Each A-A-MAP takes one or multiple logical unit called MLRU, which is composed of 56 tones in a A-MAP region. MLRU is formed from DLRUs in the time first manner, starting from the first tone-pair available for A-A-MAP. A-A-MAP IEs are either 56 bits or segmented to 56 bits so no rate matching is needed. A-A-MAP IEs are coded using a TBCC mother code. In each subframe, A-A-MAP can be coded with two effective code rate: and , or and 1/8. S-SFH indicates which two effective code rates can be used.

51

Assignment A-MAP Types (informative)

A-A-MAP IE Type DL Basic Assignment UL Basic Assignment DL sub-band Assignment UL sub-band Assignment Feedback Allocation UL Sounding Command CDMA Allocation DL Persistent UL Persistent DL Group Resource Allocation UL Group Resource Allocation Feedback Polling BR-ACK Broadcast Usage Allocation information for AMS to decode DL bursts using continuous logical resources Allocation information for AMS to transmit UL bursts using continuous logical resources Allocation information for AMS to decode DL bursts using sub-band based resources Allocation information for AMS to transmit UL bursts using sub-band based resources Allocation or deallocation of UL fast feedback control channels to an AMS Control information for AMS to start UL sounding transmission Allocation for AMS requesting bandwidth using a ranging or bandwidth request codes DL persistent resource allocation UL persistent resource allocation DL group scheduling and resource allocation UL group scheduling and resource allocation Allocation for AMS to send MIMO feedback using MAC messages or extended headers Indication of decoding status of bandwidth request opportunities and resource allocation of bandwidth request header Broadcast burst allocation and other broadcast information 52

Assignment A-MAP Blind Detection

In IEEE 802.16m, A-A-MAP blind detection means the following

In most cases, MS needs to decode all MLRUs in an A-MAP region in order to know if there is any relevant A-A-MAP. MS does not need to use different MCS to decode the same MLRU. Non user-specific A-MAP signals the MCS used by each MLRU.

MS does not need to decode MLRU using different rate de-matching for different IE sizes. All A-A-MAP IE or segmented IE have fixed size, i.e., 56 bits.
MS determines if an A-A-MAP is relevant or not by performing CRC test using STID (unicast), group ID (group scheduling), or RAID (CDMA allocation) to unmask CRC. If CRC test passes, MS continues parsing the content of the decoded A-A-MAP.

53

Uplink Control Channels

54

UL Control Channels
Primary Fast feedback Channels Secondary Fast feedback Channels HARQ ACK/NACK feedback Bandwidth Request (BW-REQ) Ranging Sounding

55

Fast Feedback Channels

Primary and Secondary- Fast feedback Channels
Three 2x6 Feedback mini-tiles Supported features: MIMO mode selection, Band selection, CQI, PMI, Event driven reports (buffers overflow, FFR group selection)

56

BW-REQ, HARQ, Ranging and Sounding

BW request Three 6x6 UL-tiles (same as UL data tile) Fast 3 stages BW-REQ, by attaching certain information (MS identification and required allocation size) Fallback 5 stages BW-REQ HARQ Feedback Each HF control CH contains 3 HARQ Mini-Tiles (HMT) sized 2x2 each & carry 2 HARQ feedback channels 3 Reordered FMTs (2x6 each) form 9 HMT Up to 6 HARQ feedbacks. Ranging Asynchronous with two formats, to support large cell sizes Synchronous (incl. handover to Femto) Sounding For UL CL MIMO and UL Scheduling

57

UL Sounding Channel
Uplink sounding is used to support sounding based DL MIMO in TDD mode and UL MIMO in TDD and FDD modes Uplink sounding channel occupies one OFDMA symbol in UL subframe Two MS multiplexing methods
Code division multiplexing Frequency division multiplexing

Low PAPR Golay baseline sequence Enhanced power control for sounding channel Sounding channel parameters are transmitted in System Configuration Descriptor and SFH SP-1 broadcast channels

58

Ranging for Asynchronous Mobile Stations

Two formats Format 0: covers up to 18 km, 1 sub-band x 1 subframe, used for macro initial ranging and handover ranging

Format 1: covers up to 100 km, 1 sub-band x 3 subframes, used for macro initial ranging and handover ranging in very large cells
Zadoff-Chu codes with cyclic shifts Ranging channel allocated by S-SFH. Handover ranging can also be allocated by A-MAP

Format IEEE 802.16m Format 0 IEEE 802.16m Format 1

TRCP

TRP

fRP f / 2 f / 8

Resource 1 sub-band x 1 subf 1 sub-band x 3 subf

Coverage

3.5Tg + Tb 3.5Tg + 7Tb

2x2Tb 8Tb

18 km 100 km

time
copy samples copy samples

TRanging CP

TRP

TRanging CP

TRP

TGT
59

N sym OFDMA symbols 1 subframe

IEEE 802.16m DL MIMO Feedback

Long-term FB

Short-term FB

Event-driven FB

STC_Rate (indicates the preferred number of MIMO streams for SM; e.g., STC Rate 1 means SFBC with precoding) Sub-band Index for best-M Correlation Matrix R for Transform CB and long-term BF Wideband CQI Long-term PMI

Narrow band CQI for best-M Sub-band Index for best-M Short-term PMI for CL SU/MU MIMO Stream Index for OL MU MIMO

Preferred MIMO feedback mode

60

IEEE 802.16m MAC CPS

61

MAC Addressing
The AMS, ARS and ABS are identified by the globally unique 48-bit IEEE Extended Unique Identifier (EUI-48) based on the 24-bit Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) value administered by the IEEE Registration Authority. IEEE 802.16m has two addressing identifiers instead of a CID STID (12 bits): addressing of an MS FID (4 bits): addressing the active service flows of the MS Some specific STIDs are reserved, for broadcast, multicast, and ranging The advantage is overhead reduction STID is used in A-MAP FID is only used in AGMH Instead of 16-bit CID in the legacy system

STID (User Identifier)

FID (Connection/Flow Identifier for each user)

62

MAC Headers
Advanced Generic MAC Header AGMH) for data transmission Extended Header (optional) AGMH is 2 Bytes in size Compact MAC Header (CMH) for smaller payloads Signaling Header (MAC header with no payload for signaling)

Flow ID (4) AGMH

EH = 1 LEN10 LEN3 (8) EH Length (8)

LEN2 LEN0 (3)

EH Type (4) = FPEH Extended Headers AFI (1)

FC (2)

SN1 SN0 (2)

SN9 SN2 (8)

AFP(1) RI LSI(1) (1)=1 SSN7 SSN4 (4) SSN3 SSN0 (4) END( 1) = 0 LEN2 LEN0 (3)

LEN10 LEN3 (8)

Payload (8) Payload (8)

Flow ID (4) = Signaling connection

Signaling Type (4)

Signaling payload (8)

Flow ID (4) EH (1) LEN10 LEN3 (8) LEN2 LEN0 (3)

Signaling payload (8)

AGMH

Signaling payload (8)

Signaling payload (8)

CMH Flow ID (4) = CMH connection LEN6 LEN3 (4) EH (1) LEN2 LEN0 (3)

Signaling payload (8)

SN3 SN0 (4)

MAC Signaling Header 63

MAC Control/Management Messages

The peer-to-peer protocol of MAC layers in ABS and AMS communicate using the MAC control messages to perform the control plane functions. MAC control messages are contained in a MAC PDU that is transported over broadcast, unicast, or random access connections. There is a single unicast control connection HARQ is enabled for MAC control messages sent on the unicast control connection Encryption may be enabled for unicast MAC control messages. MAC control messages may be fragmented Encrypted and non encrypted MAC control messages are not sent in the same PDU All MAC management messages are ASN.1 encoded

64

Inter-RAT L2 Message Transfer

IEEE 802.16m provides a generic MAC management message called AAI_L2-XFER. This acts as a generic service container for various services including, but not limited to
Device provisioning bootstrap message to AMS, GPS assistance delivery to AMS, ABS geo-location unicast delivery to AMS, IEEE 802.21 MIH transfer, messaging service, etc.

This container is also used for IEEE 802.16m messages that are not processed by the ABS or ARS, rather are processed by network entities beyond the ABS.

65

IEEE802.16m Security Architecture

The IEEE 802.16m security architecture is divided into two logical entities
Security management entity Encryption and integrity entity Overall security management and control EAP encapsulation/de-encapsulation Privacy Key Management (PKMv3) which defines how to control all security components such as derivation/ update/usage of keys Authentication and Security Association (SA) control Location privacy: Transport data encryption/authentication processing Control message authentication processing Control message confidentiality protection
Authorization/Security Association Control

Security management entity functions include

Encryption and integrity protection entity functions included:

EAP (Out of Scope of IEEE 802.16m Specification)

EAP Encapsulation/Deencapsulation

Location Privacy

Enhanced Key Management

PKM Control

User Data and Management Message Encryption/Authentication

66

IEEE802.16m Generic HO Signaling Procedure

67

Bandwidth Request Procedure

Contention-based Random Access BW-REQ
5-step contention-based BW-REQ
BW-REQ preamble and Standalone BW-REQ header

3-step contention-based BW-REQ

BW-REQ preamble + Quick access message

68

IEEE 802.16m Mobile Station State Machine

69

Network Entry Procedure

AMS uses pseudo MAC ID for Ranging AMS exposes actual MAC ID only after Authentication AMS obtains Temp STID (TSTID) until Registration with the ABS Actual STID assigned during Registration Initial transport service flow is also assigned by default during registration.

70

Quality of Service
IEEE 802.16m supports adaptation of service flow QoS parameters. One or more sets of QoS parameters are defined for one service flow. The AMS and ABS negotiate the supported QoS parameter sets during service flow setup procedure. When QoS requirement/traffic characteristics for DL/UL traffic change, the ABS may switch the service flow QoS parameters such as grant/polling interval or grant size based on predefined rules. The AMS may request the ABS to switch the service flow QoS parameter set with explicit signaling. The ABS then allocates resource according to the new service flow parameter set.
QoS Class
UGS Un-Solicited Grant Service rtPS Real-Time Packet Service ErtPS Extended Real-Time Packet Service nrtPS Non-Real-Time Packet Service BE Best-Effort Service aGPS

Applications
VoIP

QoS Specifications
Maximum sustained rate, Maximum latency tolerance, Jitter tolerance Minimum Reserved Rate, Maximum Sustained Rate, Maximum Latency Tolerance, Traffic Priority Minimum Reserved Rate, Maximum Sustained Rate, Maximum Latency Tolerance, Jitter Tolerance, Traffic Priority

Streaming Audio, Video

Voice with Activity Detection (VoIP)

FTP Data Transfer, Web Browsing Application Agnostic

Minimum Reserved Rate, Maximum Sustained Rate, Traffic Priority Maximum Sustained Rate, Traffic Priority Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate, the Request/Transmission Policy, Primary Grant and Polling Interval, Primary Grant Size

Adaptive Granting and Polling

71

ARQ Mechanism
ARQ is per-connection basis and ARQ parameters are specified and negotiated during connection setup. A connection cannot have a mixture of ARQ and nonARQ traffic. The scope of a specific instance of ARQ is limited to one unidirectional flow. An ARQ block is generated from one or multiple MAC SDU(s) or MAC SDU fragment(s) of the same flow. ARQ blocks can be variable in size. ARQ block is constructed by fragmenting MAC SDU or packing MAC SDUs and/or MAC SDU fragments. When transmitter generates a MAC PDU for transmission, MAC PDU payload may contain one or more ARQ blocks. The number of ARQ blocks in a MAC PDU payload is equal to the number of ARQ connections multiplexed in the MAC PDU. The ARQ blocks of a connection are sequentially numbered.

72

Idle and Sleep Mode Management

Sleep Mode
An AMS in Sleep Mode conducts pre-negotiated periods of absence from the serving ABS A single power saving class is managed per AMS for all active connections of the AMS. Sleep mode may be activated when an AMS is in the Connected State. When Sleep Mode is active, the AMS is provided with a series of alternate listening window and sleep windows. The listening window is the time in which the AMS is available to exchange control signaling as well as data with the ABS. Sleep windows and listening windows can be dynamically adjusted for the purpose of data transportation as well as MAC control signaling transmission. The unit of sleep cycle is frames. The start of the listening window is aligned at the frame boundary. The AMS ensures that it has up-to-date system information for proper operation. A sleep cycle is the sum of a sleep window and a listening window. The AMS or ABS may request change of sleep cycle through explicit MAC control signaling. During the AMS listening window, ABS may transmit the traffic indication message intended for one or multiple AMSs according to the sleep negotiation messages. Idle Mode provides efficient power saving for the AMS by allowing the AMS to become periodically available for DL broadcast traffic messaging (e.g. Paging message) without registration at a specific ABS. The network assigns idle mode AMS to a paging group during Idle Mode entry or location update, minimizing the number of location updates by the AMS and the paging signaling overhead The ABSs and Idle Mode AMSs may belong to one or multiple paging groups The AMS monitors the paging message at AMSs paging listening interval. The start of the AMSs paging listening interval is derived based on paging cycle and paging offset. Paging offset and paging cycle are defined in terms of number of superframes. 73

Idle Mode

Paging Groups Example

74

Support of Legacy Systems

75

Mixed-Mode Operation of IEEE 802.16m

General Principles
The legacy and new systems can simultaneously operate on the same RF carrier by dynamically sharing in time and/or frequency the radio resources over the frame. There are two approaches to support mixed mode operation of IEEE 802.16m and IEEE 802.16e
TDM of the DL zones and FDM of the UL zones (when UL PUSC is used in legacy UL) TDM of the DL zones and TDM of the UL zones (when AMC is used in legacy UL)

The UL link budget limitations of the legacy are considered in both UL approaches by allowing the legacy allocations to use the entire UL partition across time. The legacy and new allocations are frequency division multiplexed across frequency in both approaches. The synchronization, broadcast, and control structure of the two systems are mainly separated and these overhead channels present irrespective of the relative load of the network (i.e., the percentage of legacy and new terminals in the network). The size of the MAPs increase with the number of users. In TDD duplex scheme, the frame partitioning between DL and UL and the switching points are synchronized across the network to minimize inter-cell interference. The frame partitioning in IEEE 802.16m (superframe/frame/subframe) is transparent to the legacy BS and MS. The new BS or MS can fall back to the legacy mode when operating with a legacy MS or BS, respectively. While a number of upper MAC functions and protocols may be shared between legacy and new systems, most of the lower MAC and PHY functions and protocols are different or differently implemented (a dual-mode operation for support of legacy).

76

Mixed-Mode Operation of IEEE 802.16m

Example

77

HARQ with Legacy Support

The association rule is same as Greenfield case. Calculation of processing time (whether to postpone one frame) is based on the renumbered index.

Example

78

L1/L2 Overhead in Mixed Mode Operation

Overhead Components CP=1/8, BW=10 MHz, DL 2x2 MIMO L1 overhead

IEEE 802.16e

IEEE 802.16m

Mixed Mode

Minimum

Maximum

Minimum

Maximum

Minimum

Maximum

0.393

0.393

0.293

0.297

0.331

0.346

L1/L2 Overhead

0.446

0.568

0.337

0.424

0.404

0.512

The new system has lower L1/L2 overhead relative to the legacy system for a fullyloaded cell. The mixed-mode operation has also lower L1/L2 overhead relative to the legacy system. New subchannelization schemes, symbol structure, control channel structure design have helped reduce the L1/L2 overhead and increase reliability of the system.

79

Advanced Features

80

Multi-Carrier Operation
Control Plane Data Plane CS SAP Radio Resource Control & Management Functions
Superframe Single Carrier Multicarrier MSs MSs

Data and Control Bearers

RFC3

CS Sublayer

. . .
RFC2 RFC1
Superframe header

Medium Access Control Functions

L2

Security Sub-Layer

Dynamic/Static Mapping MAC Common Part Sublayer

F0 F1 F2 F3

Physical Channels PHY 1 RF Carrier 1 PHY 2 RF Carrier 2

Physical Channels

Physical Channels

PHY n RF Carrier n

L1
SF 0 SF 1 SF 2 SF 3 SF 4 SF 5 SF 6 SF 7

A generalized protocol architecture for support multicarrier operation with single MAC entity

Support of multi-carrier operation in 802.16m basic frame structure

Some MAC messages sent on one carrier may also apply to other carriers. The RF carriers may be of different bandwidths and can be non-contiguous or belong to different frequency bands. The channels may be of different duplexing modes, e.g. FDD, TDD, or a mix of bidirectional and broadcast only carriers. Support of wider bandwidths (up to 100 MHz) through aggregation across contiguous or non-contiguous channels. The RF carriers can be fully or partially configured.

81

Support of Femtocells and Self-Organization

Femto-cells are low power cellular base stations deployed in homes. Mobile stations can be used inside homes with the home broadband connection as backhaul. The distinction is that most femtocell architectures require a new (dualmode) handset which works with existing home/enterprise Wi-Fi access points, while a femto-cell-based deployment will work with existing handsets but requires installation of a new access point.

Macro-Cell Access

Femtocell Access Internet

Macro Network

Operator Core Network Operator Core Network

IEEE 802.16m provides 1) Very high data rates and service continuity in smaller cells including indoor pico cells, femto cells, and hot-spots. The small cells may be deployed as an overlay to larger outdoor cells. 2) Self-configuration by allowing real plug and play installation of network nodes and cells, i.e. selfadaptation of the initial configuration, including the update of neighbor nodes and neighbor cells as well as means for fast reconfiguration and compensation in failure cases. 3) Self-optimization by allowing automated or autonomous optimization of network performance with respect to service availability, QoS, network efficiency and throughput.
82

Multi-RAT Operation and Handoff

LCR-TDD : 5ms Sub-frame DL

DwPTS

LCR-TDD : 5ms Sub-frame DL DL

DwPTS

UL

UL

UL

DL

DL

UL
UpPTS

UL

UL DL

DL

DL

GP

UpPTS

GP

Frame offset IEEE 802.16m : 5ms Frame D L UL UL UL DL DL DL DL D L UL UL UL

DL LTE TDD : 5ms Half Frame
DwPTS UpPTS GP

LTE TDD : 5ms Half Frame

DwPTS UpPTS GP

UL

UL

DL

DL

UL

UL

DL

DL symbol puncturing

Frame offset 1 IEEE 802.16m : 5ms Frame Example 1 D L UL UL UL DL DL DL DL D L UL UL UL

Adjacent Channel Coexistence with UTRA LCR-TDD (TD-SCDMA)

DL symbol puncturing

IEEE 802.16m supports interworking functionality to allow efficient handover to other radio access technologies including 802.11, GSM/EDGE, UTRA (FDD and TDD), E-UTRA (FDD and TDD), and CDMA2000

Frame offset 2 IEEE 802.16m : 5ms Frame Example 2 UL UL UL UL DL DL DL DL UL UL UL UL

UL symbol puncturing

Adjacent Channel Coexistence with E-UTRA (TD-LTE)

83

Multi-Radio Coexistence Support

IEEE 802.16m BS

Air Interface Multi-Radio Device IEEE 802.15.1 device IEEE 802.15.1 device IEEE 802.16m MS IEEE 802.11 STA IEEE 802.11 STA

inter-radio interface
Multi-Radio Device with Co-Located 802.16m MS, 802.11 STA, and 802.15.1 device

IEEE 802.16m provides protocols for the multi-radio coexistence functional blocks of MS and BS to communicate with each other via air interface. MS generates management messages to report its co-located radio activities to BS, and BS generates management messages to respond with the corresponding actions to support multi-radio coexistence operation. The multi-radio coexistence functional block at BS communicates with the scheduler functional block to operate properly according to the reported co-located coexistence activities.

84

Enhanced Multicast and Broadcast Service

Broadcast Optimized Carrier RFC3 Unicast/Mixed Carrier (Primary) RFC1 Unicast/Mixed Carrier (Primary) RFC2
Unicast/Mixed Carrier (Primary) RFC1 Unicast/Mixed Carrier (Primary) RFC1

Multi-BS MBS SFN

Mixed Carrier Combined with Dedicated Broadcast Only Carriers

Unicast/Mixed Carrier (Primary) RFC1

Unicast/Mixed Carrier (Primary) RFC1 Unicast/Mixed Carrier (Primary) RFC2

Multi-BS MBS Non-SFN

Single BS MBS

Unicast/Mixed Carrier (Primary) RFC1

Unicast/Mixed Carrier (Primary) RFC1

E-MBS can be multiplexed with unicast services or deployed on a dedicated carrier

85

Multi-hop Relay-Enabled Architecture

Coverage extension by deploying RS in 802.16m network Relays can enhance transmission rate for the MS located in shaded area or cell boundary

More aggressive radio resource reuse by deploying RS in 802.16m network

86

References
Core Documents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. P802.16m Project Authorization (PAR) P802.16m Five Criteria IEEE 802.16m Work Plan IEEE 802.16m System Requirements Document (SRD) IEEE 802.16m System Description Document (SDD) IEEE 802.16m Evaluation Methodology Document (EMD) System Evaluation Details for IEEE 802.16 IMT-Advanced Proposal (SED) Candidate IMT-Advanced RIT based on IEEE 802.16 (IEEE Contribution to ITU-R Working Party 5D)

Additional Resources
1. IEEE 802.16 IMT-Advanced Candidate Proposal Page http://ieee802.org/16/imt-adv

87