Funerals:

A Consumer Guide

Contents
A Consumer ProduCt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Preneed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 the FunerAl rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 WhAt Kind oF FunerAl do You WAnt? . . . . . . 6 Choosing A FunerAl Provider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 FunerAl Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 CAlCulAting the ACtuAl Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 serviCes And ProduCts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 CemeterY sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 For more inFormAtion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 solving Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 PlAnning For A FunerAl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 PriCes to CheCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 glossArY oF terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

hen a loved one dies, grieving family members and friends often are confronted with dozens of decisions about the funeral all of which must be made quickly and often under great emotional duress. What kind of funeral should it be? What funeral provider should you use? Should you bury or cremate the body, or donate it to science? What are you legally required to buy? What other arrangements should you plan? And, as callous as it may sound, how much is it all going to cost? Each year, Americans grapple with these and many other questions as they spend billions of dollars arranging more than 2 million funerals for family members and friends. The increasing trend toward preneed planning when people make funeral arrangements in advance suggests that many consumers want to compare prices and services so that ultimately, the funeral reflects a wise and wellinformed purchasing decision, as well as a meaningful one.

XA

Consumer ProduCt
Funerals rank among the most expensive purchases many consumers will ever make. A traditional funeral, including a casket and vault, costs about $6,000, although extras like flowers, obituary notices, acknowledgment cards or limousines can add thousands of dollars to the bottom line. Many funerals run well over $10,000. Yet even if youre the kind of person who might haggle with a dozen dealers to get the best price on a new car, youre likely to feel uncomfortable comparing prices or negotiating over the details and cost of a funeral, preneed or at need. Compounding this discomfort is the fact that some people overspend on a funeral or burial because they think of it as a reflection of their feelings for the deceased.
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X Preneed
To help relieve their families of some of these decisions, an increasing number of people are planning their own funerals, designating their funeral preferences, and sometimes even paying for them in advance. They see funeral planning as an extension of will and estate planning.

Planning
Thinking ahead can help you make informed and thoughtful decisions about funeral arrangements. It allows you to choose the specific items you want and need and compare the prices offered by several funeral providers. It also spares your survivors the stress of making these decisions under the pressure of time and strong emotions. You can make arrangements directly with a funeral establishment or through a funeral planning or memorial society a nonprofit organization that provides information about funerals and disposition but doesnt offer funeral services. If you choose to contact such a group, recognize that while some funeral homes may include the word society in their names, they are not nonprofit organizations. One other important consideration when planning a funeral preneed is where the remains will be buried, entombed or scattered. In the short time between the death and burial of a loved one, many family members find themselves rushing to buy a cemetery plot or grave often without careful thought or a personal visit to the site. Thats why its in the familys best interest to buy cemetery plots before you need them. You may wish to make decisions about your arrangements in advance, but not pay for them in advance. Keep in
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mind that over time, prices may go up and businesses may close or change ownership. However, in some areas with increased competition, prices may go down over time. Its a good idea its A good to review and revise your decisions every few years, and to make ideA to revieW sure your family is aware of your And revise Your wishes. Put your preferences in writing, FeW YeArs . give copies to family members and your attorney, and keep a copy in a handy place. Dont designate your preferences in your will, because a will often is not found or read until after the funeral. And avoid putting the only copy of your preferences in a safe deposit box. Thats because your family may have to make arrangements on a weekend or holiday, before the box can be opened.
deCisions everY

Prepaying
Millions of Americans have entered into contracts to prearrange their funerals and prepay some or all of the expenses involved. Laws of individual states govern the prepayment of funeral goods and services; various states have laws to help ensure that these advance payments are available to pay for the funeral products and services when theyre needed. But protections vary widely from state to state, and some state laws offer little or no effective protection. Some state laws require the funeral home or cemetery to place a percentage of the prepayment in a stateregulated trust or to purchase a life insurance policy with the death benefits assigned to the funeral home or cemetery. If youre thinking about prepaying for funeral goods and services, its important to consider these issues before putting down any money:
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What are you are paying for? Are you buying only merchandise, like a casket and vault, or are you pur chasing funeral services as well? X What happens to the money youve prepaid? States have different requirements for handling funds paid for prearranged funeral services. X What happens to the interest income on money that is prepaid and put into a trust account? X Are you protected if the firm you dealt with goes out of business? X Can you cancel the contract and get a full refund if you change your mind? X What happens if you move to a different area or die while away from home? Some prepaid funeral plans can be transferred, but often at an added cost. Be sure to tell your family about the plans youve made; let them know where the documents are filed. If your family isnt aware that youve made plans, your wishes may not be carried out. And if family members dont know that youve prepaid the funeral costs, they could end up paying for the same arrangements. You may wish to consult an attorney on the best way to ensure that your wishes are followed.
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X the FunerAl

rule

Most funeral providers are professionals who strive to serve their clients needs and best interests. But some arent. They may take advantage of their clients through inflated prices, overcharges, double charges or unnecessary services. Fortunately, theres a federal law that makes it easier for you to choose only those goods and services you want or need and to pay only for those you select, whether you are making arrangements preneed or at need.
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The Funeral Rule, enforced by the Federal Trade Commission, requires funeral directors to give you itemized prices in person and, if you ask, over the phone. The Rule also requires funeral directors to give you other information about their goods and services. For example, if you ask about funeral arrangements in person, the funeral home must give you a written price list to keep that shows the goods and services the home offers. If you want to buy a casket or outer burial container, the funeral provider must show you descriptions of the available selections and the prices before actually showing you the caskets. Many funeral providers offer various packages of commonly selected goods and services that make up a funeral. But when you arrange for a funeral, you have the right to buy individual goods and services. That is, you do not have to accept a package that may include items you do not want. According to the Funeral Rule:
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you have the right to choose the funeral goods and services you want (with some exceptions). the funeral provider must state this right in writing on the general price list. if state or local law requires you to buy any particular item, the funeral provider must disclose it on the price list, with a reference to the specific law. the funeral provider may not refuse, or charge a fee, to handle a casket you bought elsewhere. a funeral provider that offers cremations must make alternative containers available.

X WhAt

Kind oF FunerAl do You WAnt?

Every family is different, and not everyone wants the same type of funeral. Funeral practices are influenced by religious and cultural traditions, costs and personal preferences. These factors help determine whether the funeral will be elaborate or simple, public or private, religious or secular, and where it will be held. They also influence whether the body will be present at the funeral, if there will be a viewing or visitation, and if so, whether the casket will be open or closed, and whether the remains will be buried or cremated. Among the choices youll need to make are whether you want one of these basic types of funerals, or something in between.

Traditional, fullservice funeral

This type of funeral, often referred to by funeral providers as a traditional funeral, usually includes a viewing or visitation and formal funeral service, use of a hearse to transport the body everY FAmilY to the funeral site and cemetery, and is diFFerent, burial, entombment or cremation of And not the remains. It is generally the most expensive type of funeral. In addition everYone to the funeral homes basic services W Ants the sAme fee, costs often include embalming tYPe oF FunerAl . and dressing the body; rental of the funeral home for the viewing or service; and use of vehicles to transport the family if they dont use their own. The costs of a casket, cemetery plot or crypt and other funeral goods and services also must be factored in.

Direct burial
The body is buried shortly after death, usually in a simple container. No viewing or visitation is involved, so no embalming is necessary. A memorial service may be held at the graveside or later. Direct burial usually costs less than the traditional, fullservice funeral. Costs include the funeral homes basic services fee, as well as transportation and care of the body, the purchase of a casket or burial container and a cemetery plot or crypt. If the family chooses to be at the cemetery for the burial, the funeral home often charges an additional fee for a graveside service.

Direct cremation
The body is cremated shortly after death, without embalming. The cremated remains are placed in an urn or other container. No viewing or visitation is involved, although a memorial service may be held, with or without the cremated remains present. The remains can be kept in the home, buried or placed in a crypt or niche in a cemetery, or buried or scattered in a favorite spot. Direct cremation usually costs less than the traditional, fullservice funeral. Costs include the funeral homes basic services fee, as well as transportation and care of the body. A crematory fee may be included or, if the funeral home does not own the crematory, the fee may be added on. There also will be a charge for an urn or other container. The cost of a cemetery plot or crypt is included only if the remains are buried or entombed. Funeral providers who offer direct cremations also must offer to provide an alternative container that can be used in place of a casket.

X Choosing A FunerAl

Provider

Many people dont realize that they are not legally required to use a funeral home to plan and conduct a funeral. However, because they have little experience with the many details and legal requirements involved and may be emotionally distraught when its time to make the plans, many people find the services of a professional funeral home to be a comfort. Consumers often select a funeral home or cemetery because its close to home, has served the family in the past, or has been recommended by someone they trust. But people who limit their search to just one funeral home may risk paying more than necessary for the funeral or narrowing their choice of goods and services. Comparison shopping need not be difficult, especially if its done before the need for a funeral arises. If you visit a funeral home in person, the funeral provider is required by law to give you a general price list itemizing the cost of the items and services the home offers. If the general price list does not include specific prices of caskets or outer burial containers, the law requires the funeral director to show you the price lists for those items before showing you the items. Sometimes its more convenient and less stressful to price shop funeral homes by telephone. The Funeral Rule requires funeral directors to provide price information over the phone to any caller who asks for it. In addition, many funeral homes are happy to mail you their price lists, although that is not required by law. When comparing prices, be sure to consider the total cost of all the items together, in addition
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be sure to Consider the totAl Cost oF the items .

to the costs of single items. Every funeral home should have price lists that include all the items essential for the different types of arrangements it offers. Many funeral homes offer package funerals that may cost less than purchasing individual items or services. Offering package funerals is permitted by law, as long as an itemized price list also is provided. But only by using the price lists can you accurately compare total costs. In addition, theres a growing trend toward consolidation in the funeral home industry, and many neighborhood funeral homes are thought to be locally owned when in fact, theyre owned by a national corporation. If this issue is important to you, you may want to ask if the funeral home is locally owned.

X FunerAl

Costs

Funeral costs include: 1. Basic services fee for the funeral director and staff The Funeral Rule allows funeral providers to charge a basic services fee that customers cannot decline to pay. The basic services fee includes services that are common to all funerals, regardless of the specific arrangement. These include funeral planning, securing the necessary permits and copies of death certificates, preparing the notices, sheltering the remains, and coordinating the arrangements with the cemetery, crematory or other third parties. The fee does not include charges for optional services or merchandise. 2. Charges for other services and merchandise These are costs for optional goods and services such as transporting the remains; embalming and other preparation; use of the funeral home for the viewing,
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ceremony or memorial service; use of equipment and staff for a graveside service; use of a hearse or limousine; a casket, outer burial container or alternate container; and cremation or interment. 3. Cash advances These are fees charged by the funeral home for goods and services it buys from outside vendors on your behalf, including flowers, obituary notices, pallbearers, officiating clergy, and organists and soloists. Some funeral providers charge you their cost for the items they buy on your behalf. Others add a service fee to their cost. The Funeral Rule requires those who charge an extra fee to disclose that fact in writing, although it doesnt require them to specify the amount of their markup. The Rule also requires funeral providers to tell you if there are refunds, discounts or rebates from the supplier on any cash advance item.

X CAlCulAting the

ACtuAl Cost

The funeral provider must give you an itemized statement of the total cost of the funeral goods and services you have selected when you are making the arrangements. If the funeral provider doesnt know the cost of the cash advance items at the time, he or she is required to give you a written good faith estimate. This statement also must disclose any legal, cemetery or crematory requirements that you purchase any specific funeral goods or services. The Funeral Rule does not require any specific format for this information. Funeral providers may include it in any document they give you at the end of your discussion about funeral arrangements.

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X serviCes And Embalming

ProduCts

Many funeral homes require embalming if youre planning a viewing or visitation. But embalming generally is not necessary or legally required if the body is buried or cremated shortly after death. Eliminating this service can save you hundreds of dollars. Under the Funeral Rule, a funeral provider:
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may not provide embalming services without permis sion. may not falsely state that embalming is required by law. must disclose in writing that embalming is not required by law, except in certain special cases. may not charge a fee for unauthorized embalming un less embalming is required by state law. must disclose in writing that you usually have the right to choose a disposition, such as direct cremation or immediate burial, that does not require embalming if you do not want this service. must disclose in writing that some funeral arrange ments, such as a funeral with viewing, may make embalming a practical necessity and, if so, a required purchase.

Caskets
For a traditional, fullservice funeral: A casket often is the single most expensive item youll buy if you plan a traditional, fullservice funeral. Caskets vary widely in style and price and are sold primarily for their visual appeal. Typically, theyre constructed of metal, wood, fiberboard, fiberglass or plastic. Although
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an average casket costs slightly more than $2,000, some mahogany, bronze or copper caskets sell for as much as $10,000. When you visit a funeral home or showroom to shop for a casket, the CAsKets Funeral Rule requires the funeral v ArY WidelY director to show you a list of caskets the in stYle company sells, with descriptions and And PriCe . prices, before showing you the caskets. Industry studies show that the average casket shopper buys one of the first three models shown, generally the middlepriced of the three. So its in the sellers best interest to start out by showing you higherend models. If you havent seen some of the lowerpriced models on the price list, ask to see them but dont be surprised if theyre not prominently displayed, or not on display at all. Traditionally, caskets have been sold only by funeral homes. But with increasing frequency, showrooms and websites operated by thirdparty dealers are selling caskets. You can buy a casket from one of these dealers and have it shipped directly to the funeral home. The Funeral Rule requires funeral homes to agree to use a casket you bought elsewhere, and doesnt allow them to charge you a fee for using it. No matter where or when youre buying a casket, its important to remember that its purpose is to provide a dignified way to move the body before burial or cremation. No casket, regardless of its qualities or cost, will preserve a body forever. Metal caskets frequently are described as gasketed, protective or sealer caskets. These terms mean that the casket has a rubber gasket or some other feature that is designed to delay the penetration of water into the casket and prevent rust. The Funeral Rule forbids claims that these features help preserve the
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remains indefinitely because they dont. They just add to the cost of the casket. Most metal caskets are made from rolled steel of varying gauges the lower the gauge, the thicker the steel. Some metal caskets come with a warranty for longevity. Wooden caskets generally are not gasketed and dont have a warranty for longevity. They can be hardwood like mahogany, walnut, cherry or oak, or softwood like pine. Pine caskets are a less expensive option, but funeral homes rarely display them. Manufacturers of both wooden and metal caskets usually warrant workmanship and materials. For cremation: Many families that opt to have their loved ones cremated rent a casket from the funeral home for the visitation and funeral, eliminating the cost of buying a casket. If you opt for visitation and cremation, ask about the rental option. For those who choose a direct cremation without a viewing or other ceremony where the body is present, the funeral provider must offer an inexpensive unfinished wood box or alternative container, a nonmetal enclosure pressboard, cardboard or canvas that is cremated with the body. Under the Funeral Rule, funeral directors who offer direct cremations:
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may not tell you that state or local law requires a cas ket for direct cremations, because none do; must disclose in writing your right to buy an unfin ished wood box or an alternative container for a direct cremation; and must make an unfinished wood box or other alternative container available for direct cremations.

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Burial Vaults or Grave Liners

Burial vaults or grave liners, also known as burial containers, are commonly used in traditional, full service funerals. The vault or liner is placed in the ground before burial, and the casket is lowered into it at burial. The purpose is to prevent the ground from caving in as the casket deteriorates over time. A grave liner is made of reinforced concrete and will satisfy any cemetery requirement. Grave liners cover only the top and sides of the casket. A burial vault is more substantial and expensive than a grave liner. It surrounds the casket in concrete or another material and may be sold with a warranty of protective strength. State laws do not require a vault or liner, and funeral providers may not tell you otherwise. However, keep in mind that many cemeteries require some type of outer burial container to prevent the grave from sinking in the future. Neither grave liners nor burial vaults are designed to prevent the eventual decomposition of human remains. It is illegal for funeral providers to claim that a vault will keep water, dirt or other debris from penetrating into the casket if thats not true. Before showing you any outer burial containers, a funeral provider is required to give you a list of prices and descriptions. It may be less expensive to buy an outer burial container from a thirdparty dealer than from a funeral home or cemetery. Compare prices from several sources before you select a model.

Preservative Processes and Products

As far back as the ancient Egyptians, people have used oils, herbs and special body preparations to help preserve the bodies of their dead. Yet, no process or products have been devised to preserve a body in the grave indefinitely. The Funeral Rule prohibits funeral providers from telling
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you that it can be done. For example, funeral providers may not claim that either embalming or a particular type of casket will preserve the body of the deceased for an unlimited time.

X CemeterY sites
When you are purchasing a cemetery plot, consider the location of the cemetery and whether it meets the requirements of your familys religion. Other considerations include what, if any, restrictions the cemetery places on burial vaults purchased elsewhere, the type of monuments or memorials it allows, and whether flowers or other remembrances may be placed on graves. Cost is another consideration. Cemetery plots can be expensive, especially in metropolitan areas. Most, but not all, cemeteries require you to purchase a grave liner, which will cost several hundred dollars. Note that there are charges usually hundreds of dollars to open a grave for interment and additional charges to fill it in. Perpetual care on a cemetery plot sometimes is included in the purchase price, but its important to clarify that point before you buy the site or service. If its not included, look for a separate endowment care fee for maintenance and groundskeeping. If you plan to bury your loved ones cremated remains in a mausoleum or columbarium, you can expect to purchase a crypt and pay opening and closing fees, as well as charges for endowment care and other services. The FTCs Funeral Rule does not cover cemeteries and mausoleums unless they sell both funeral goods and funeral services, so be cautious in making your purchase to ensure that you receive all pertinent price and other information, and that youre being dealt with fairly.
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Veterans Cemeteries
All veterans are entitled to a free burial in a national cemetery and a grave marker. This eligibility also extends to some civilians who have provided militaryrelated service and some Public Health Service personnel. Spouses and dependent children also are entitled to a lot and marker when buried in a national cemetery. There are no charges for opening or closing the grave, for a vault or liner, or for setting the marker in a national cemetery. The family generally is responsible for other expenses, including transportation to the cemetery. For more information, visit the Department of Veterans Affairs website at www.cem.va.gov. To reach the regional Veterans office in your area, call 18008271000. In addition, many states have established state veterans cemeteries. Eligibility requirements and other details vary. Contact your state for more information. Beware of commercial cemeteries that advertise socalled veterans specials. These cemeteries sometimes offer a free plot for the veteran, but charge exorbitant rates for an adjoining plot for the spouse, as well as high fees for opening and closing each grave. Evaluate the bottomline cost to be sure the special is as special as you may be led to believe.

X For

more inFormAtion

Most states have a licensing board that regulates the funeral industry. You may contact the board in your state for information or help. If you want additional information about making funeral arrangements and the options available, you may want to contact interested business, professional and consumer groups. Some of the biggest are:
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AARP Fulfillment 601 E Street, NW Washington, DC 20049 18004243410 www.aarp.org AARP is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization dedicated to helping older Americans achieve lives of independence, dignity and purpose. Its publications, Funeral Goods and Services and PrePaying for Your Funeral, are available free by writing to the above address. This and other funeralrelated information is posted on the AARP website. Council of Better Business Bureaus, Inc. 4200 Wilson Blvd., Suite 800 Arlington, VA 222031838 www.bbb.org Better Business Bureaus are private, nonprofit organizations that promote ethical business standards and voluntary selfregulation of business practices. Funeral Consumers Alliance 33 Patchen Road South Burlington, VT 05403 18007650107 www.funerals.org FCA, a nonprofit, educational organization that supports increased funeral consumer protection, is affiliated with the Funeral and Memorial Society of America (FAMSA). Cremation Association of North America 401 North Michigan Avenue Chicago, IL 60611 (312) 6446610 www.cremationassociation.org CANA is an association of crematories, cemeteries and funeral homes that offer cremation.

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International Cemetery and Funeral Association 1895 Preston White Drive, Suite 220 Reston, VA 20191 18006457700 www.icfa.org ICFA is a nonprofit association of cemeteries, funeral homes, crematories and monument retailers that offers informal mediation of consumer complaints through its Cemetery Consumer Service Council. Its website provides information and advice under Consumer Resources. International Order of the Golden Rule 13523 Lakefront Drive St. Louis, MO 63045 18006378030 www.ogr.org OGR is an international association of about 1,300 independent funeral homes. Jewish Funeral Directors of America Seaport Landing 150 Lynnway, Suite 506 Lynn, MA 01902 (781) 4779300 www.jfda.org JFDA is an international association of funeral homes serving the Jewish community. National Funeral Directors Association 13625 Bishops Drive Brookfield, WI 53005 18002286332 www.nfda.org/resources NFDA is the largest educational and professional association of funeral directors. National Funeral Directors and Morticians Association 3951 Snapfinger Parkway, Suite 570 Decatur, GA 30035
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18004340958 www.nfdma.com NFDMA is a national association primarily of AfricanAmerican funeral providers. Selected Independent Funeral Homes 500 Lake Cook Road, Suite 205 Deerfield, IL 60015 18003234219 www.selectedfuneralhomes.org Selected Independent Funeral Homes is an international association of funeral firms that have agreed to comply with its Code of Good Funeral Practice. Consumers may request a variety of publications through the associations affiliate, Selected Resources, Inc. Funeral Service Consumer Assistance Program PO Box 486 Elm Grove, WI 531220486 18006627666 www.funeralservicefoundation.org FSCAP is a nonprofit consumer service designed to help people understand funeral service and related topics and to help them resolve funeral service concerns. FSCAP service representatives and an intervener assist consumers in identifying needs, addressing complaints and resolving problems. Free brochures on funeral related topics are available. Funeral Service Educational Foundation 13625 Bishops Drive Brookfield, WI 53005 18774025900 www.funeralservicefoundation.org FSEF is a nonprofit foundation dedicated to advancing professionalism in funeral service and to enhancing public knowledge and understanding through education and research.
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X solving

Problems

If you have a problem concerning funeral matters, its best to try to resolve it first with the funeral director. If you are dissatisfied, the Funeral Consumers Alliance may be able to advise you on how best to resolve your issue. You also can contact your state or local consumer protection agencies listed in your telephone book, or the Funeral Service Consumer Assistance Program. The FTC works for the consumer to prevent fraudulent, deceptive, and unfair business practices in the marketplace and to provide information to help consumers spot, stop, and avoid them. To file a complaint or to get free information on consumer issues, visit ftc.gov or call tollfree, 1877FTCHELP (18773824357); TTY: 18666534261. The FTC enters consumer complaints into the Consumer Sentinel Network, a secure online database and investigative tool used by hundreds of civil and criminal law enforcement agencies in the U.S. and abroad.

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X PlAnning For A FunerAl

1. Shop around in advance. Compare prices from at least two funeral homes. Remember that you can supply your own casket or urn. 2. Ask for a price list. The law requires funeral homes to give you written price lists for products and services. 3. Resist pressure to buy goods and services you dont really want or need. 4. Avoid emotional overspending. Its not necessary to have the fanciest casket or the most elaborate funeral to properly honor a loved one. 5. Recognize your rights. Laws regarding funerals and burials vary from state to state. Its a smart move to know which goods or services the law requires you to purchase and which are optional. 6. Apply the same smart shopping techniques you use for other major purchases. You can cut costs by limiting the viewing to one day or one hour before the funeral, and by dressing your loved one in a favorite outfit instead of costly burial clothing. 7. Plan ahead. It allows you to comparison shop without time constraints, creates an opportunity for family discussion, and lifts some of the burden from your family.

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X PriCes to

CheCK

Make copies of this page and check with several funeral homes to compare costs. 3 Simple disposition of the remains: Immediate burial Immediate cremation If the cremation process is extra, how much is it? Donation of the body to a medical school or hospital 3 Traditional, full-service burial or cremation: Basic services fee for the funeral director and staff Pickup of body Embalming Other preparation of body Least expensive casket Description, including model # Outer Burial Container (vault) Description Visitation/viewing staff and facilities Funeral or memorial service staff and facilities Graveside service, including staff and equipment Hearse Other vehicles Total 3 Other Services: Forwarding body to another funeral home Receiving body from another funeral home 3 Cemetery/Mausoleum Costs: Cost of lot or crypt (if you dont already own one) Perpetual care Opening and closing the grave or crypt Grave liner, if required Marker/monument (including setup)

__________ __________ __________ __________

__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________

__________ __________

__________ __________ __________ __________ __________

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X glossArY oF
Alternative Container

terms

Courtesy of the California Department of Consumer Affairs, Cemetery and Funeral Bureau

An unfinished wood box or other nonmetal receptacle without ornamentation, often made of fiberboard, pressed wood or composition materials, and generally lower in cost than caskets. Casket/Coffin A box or chest for burying remains. Cemetery Property A grave, crypt or niche. Cemetery Services Opening and closing graves, crypts or niches; setting grave liners and vaults; setting markers; and longterm maintenance of cemetery grounds and facilities. Columbarium A structure with niches (small spaces) for placing cremated remains in urns or other approved containers. It may be outdoors or part of a mausoleum. Cremation Exposing remains and the container encasing them to extreme heat and flame and processing the resulting bone fragments to a uniform size and consistency. Crypt A space in a mausoleum or other building to hold cremated or whole remains. Disposition The placement of cremated or whole remains in their final resting place. Endowment Care Fund Money collected from cemetery property purchasers and placed in trust for the maintenance and upkeep of the cemetery. Entombment Burial in a mausoleum.

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Funeral Ceremony A service commemorating the deceased, with the body present. Funeral Services Services provided by a funeral director and staff, which may include consulting with the family on funeral planning; transportation, shelter, refrigeration and embalming of remains; preparing and filing notices; obtaining authorizations and permits; and coordinating with the cemetery, crematory or other third parties. Funeral Planning Society See Memorial Society. Grave A space in the ground in a cemetery for the burial of remains. Grave Liner or Outer Container A concrete cover that fits over a casket in a grave. Some liners cover tops and sides of the casket. Others, referred to as vaults, completely enclose the casket. Grave liners minimize ground settling. Graveside Service A service to commemorate the deceased held at the cemetery before burial. Interment Burial in the ground, inurnment or entombment. Inurnment The placing of cremated remains in an urn. Mausoleum A building in which remains are buried or entombed. Memorial Service A ceremony commemorating the deceased, without the body present. Memorial Society An organization that provides information about funerals and disposition, but is not part of the stateregulated funeral industry. Niche A space in a columbarium, mausoleum or niche wall to hold an urn.

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Urn A container to hold cremated remains. It can be placed in a columbarium or mausoleum, or buried in the ground. Vault A grave liner that completely encloses a casket.

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FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION

1-877-FTC-HELP

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FOR THE CONSUMER