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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Nursesarebecomingcomputerliterateand thenursingprofessionisimplementing practicestudentsforitsclinicalcareand datastandardsforitsnursinginformation technologysystems. NIrepresentsthetransitionofdata, informationandknowledgeintoACTION.
Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Informaticsisthescienceandartof turningdataintoinformation (BemmelandMusen,1997). ItisanadaptationoftheFrenchterm informatique,whichreferstothe computermilieu(Saba,2001).
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
It is a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, and knowledge in nursing practice. Nursing informatics facilitates the integration of data, information and knowledge to support patients, nurses, and other providers in their decisionmaking in all roles and settings.
AmericanNursesAssociation(ANA,2001)
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Computer in nursing are used to manage information in patient care, monitor the quality care, and evaluate the outcomes of care. Networks are now used for communicating (sending/receiving) data and messages via the Internet, accessing resources, and interacting with the patients on the World Wide World (www).
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Computer Technology emerged in nursing in response to the changing and developing technologies in the health care industry and in nursing practice. Nursing Informatics evolved in SIX TIMES Period: i.Priortothe1960s iv.The1980s ii.The1960s v.The1990s iii.The1970s vi.Post 2000
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Starting in the early 50s, and as the computer industry grew, the use of computer in the health care industry also grew. Only few experts who attempted to adapt computer to health care and nursing. As the image of nursing improved, nursing practices were expanding in scope and complexity. These events motivates the nursing professionals to embrace computers.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Computerswereinitiallyusedinthehealth carefacilitiesforbasicbusinessoffice functions. Theearlycomputersusedpunchcardstostore dataandcardreaderstoreadcomputer programs,sortandpreparedatafor processing.
Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Duringtheearly60s,theuseofcomputer technologyinhealthcarebegantobe questioned.Whycomputers?andWhat shouldbecomputerized? Studieswereconductedtodeterminethe effectiveutilizationofthecomputertechnology inhealthcareindustryandtoidentifytheareas ofnursingthatneedstobeautomated.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Hospitalinformationsystems(HIS)were developedprimarilytoprocessfinancial transactionsandserveasbillingand accountingsystems. Vendorsystemswerebeginningtoenterthe healthcarefieldandmarketsoftware applicationsforvarioushospitalfunction
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Nurses began to recognize the value of computer for their profession and see computers potential in improving the documentation of nursing practices, the quality patient care, and the repetitive aspects of managing patient care. Giant steps were taken during this decade in both NURSING & COMPUTER Technology.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Several mainframe HISs were designed and developed. Many of the early HISs were developed and funded by the contractor or grants from federal agencies (National Center for Health Service Research, 1980) Several states and large community health agencies developed and/or contracted for their own computerbased management information systems (MIS).
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
During this decade, the field of informatics emerged in the health care industry and nursing. NI became an accepted specialty and many nursing experts entered the field. Technology challenged creative professionals and the use of computers in nursing became revolutionary. Many mainframe HISs emerged with nursing subsystems.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Dischargeplanningsystemsweredeveloped andusedasreferralstocommunityhealth carefacilitiesinthecontinuumcare. Microcomputers/PCsemergedinthisperiod, makingmoreaccessible,affordable,and usablebynursesandotherhealthcare providers.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
In the early 1990s, computer technology became an integral part of health care servicing, nursing practice and the nursing profession. Policies and legislation were adopted promoting computer technology in health care including nursing. In 1992, NI was approved by the American Nurses Association (ANA) as a new nursing specialty (McCormick et al., 1994).
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
This period brought the smaller and faster computerslaptops and notebooks to the beside and all of the pointofcare settings. Workstations and local are network (LANs) were developed for hospital nursing units, wide are networks (WANs) were developed for linking care across health care facilities, an the Internet started to be used. The WEB became means of communicating online services and resources to the nursing community.
Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
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Clinical Information Systems became individualized in the electronic patient record (EPR) or electronic health record Information Technologies continued to advance with mobile technology such as with wireless tablet computer, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and cellular phones. Internet has also provided a means for development of clinical applications, like eICU
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Homehealthcarehasalsoincreasingly partneredwithinformationtechnologyforthe provisionofpatientcare. Telenursing,isincreasinginpopularityand providingpatientcareinanefficientand expeditiousfashion.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Maybeusedtorefertotheapplicationof informationscienceandtechnologytoacquire, process,organize,interpret,store,use,and communicatemedicaldatainallofitformsin medicaleducation,practiceandresearch, patientcareandhealthmanagementormore broadlytotheapplicationofinformaticstoall ofthehealthcaredisciplinesaswellasthe practiceofmedicine.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Theapplicationofcomputerandinformation scienceinallbasicandappliedbiomedical sciencestofacilitatetheacquisition, processing,interpretation,optimaluse,and communicationofhealthrelateddata.The focusisthepatientandtheprocessofcare, andthegoalistoenhancethequalityand efficiencyofcareprovided.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Theapplicationofcomputerandinformation technologytothemanagementofbiological informationincludingthedevelopmentof databasesandalgorithmstofacilitate research.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Thescienceunderlyingtheacquisition, maintenance,retrieval,andapplicationof biomedicalknowledgeandinformationto improvepatientcare,medicaleducation,and healthsciencesresearch.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Branchofmedicalinformaticsthatanalyzes consumerneedsforinformationandmethods formakinginformationaccessibleand implementsthosemethodsmodeling consumerpreferencesintomedical informationsystems.(Eysenback2000)
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Applicationofcomputerandinformation sciencestoimprovedentalpractice,research, education,andmanagement.(Schleyerand Spallek2001)
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Multidisciplinaryfieldthatfocusesuponthe enhancementofclinicalinformation managementatthepointofhealthcare throughimprovementofinformation processes,implementationofclinical informationsystems,andtheuseand evaluationofclinicaldecisionsupport(CDS) toolsasameanstoimprovetheeffectiveness, quality,andvalueofservicesrendered.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Applicationofinformationandcomputer scienceandtechnologytopublichealth practice,research,andlearning.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Acollectionofnumbers,characters,orfacts thataregatheredaccordingtosome perceivedneedforanalysisandpossibly actionatalargerpointintime.(Anderson, 1992)
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Acollectionofdatathatarearranged inalogicalorder.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Thesynthesisofinformationderivedfrom severalsourcestoproduceasingleconceptor idea.Itisbasedonalogicalprocessof analysisandprovidesordertothoughtsand ideasanddecreasesuncertainty(Ayer1966; Englehardt1980)
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Ageneraltermusedtorefertothe managementandprocessingofinformation, generallywiththeassistanceofcomputers.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Datagatherer Informationuser Knowledgeuser Knowledgebuilder
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Broadlydefinedastheuseofinformationand computertechnologytosupportallaspectsof nursingpractice,includingdirectdeliveryof care,administration,educationandresearch.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Definitionswithaninformationtechnology focus Conceptuallyorienteddefinitions Definitionsthatfocusonroles
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Nursing Science
Cognitive Science
Information Science
Computer Science
Informatics
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Hasfundamentalinformationmanagement skills Canuseinformationsystems
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Isproficientinhis/herareaofspecialization andhighlyskilledintheuseofITand computerstosupportthatareaofpractice. Seestherelationshipbetweendataelements andmakesjudgmentsbasedonobserved trendsandpatterns. Usesinformationsystemsandworkswiththe informaticsspecialisttoenactimprovements ininformationsystems.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Hasadvancedpreparationininformation management. Focusesoninformaticsapplicationstosupport allareasofnursingpractice. Usesskillsincriticalthinking,data managementandprocessing,decision making,andsystemdevelopmentand computerskills.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Iseducationallypreparedtoconduct informaticsresearchandgenerateinformatics theory. Holdsthevisionofwhatispossibleandhas theabilitytomakethingshappen. Iscreativeindevelopingsolutions,possessing asophisticatedlevelofunderstandingand skillsininformationmanagementand computertechnology.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Workliststoremindstaffofplannednursing interventions Computergeneratedclientdocumentation includingdischargeinstructionsandmedication information Monitoringdevicesthatrecordvitalsignsand othermeasurementsdirectlyintotheclient record Computergeneratednursingcareplansand criticalpathways
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Automaticbillingforsuppliesorprocedures withnursingdocumentation Remindersandpromptsthatappearduring documentationtoensurecomprehensive charting Quickaccesstocomputerarchivedpatientdata frompreviousencounters Onlinedruginformation
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Automatedstaffscheduling Onlinebiddingforunfilledshifts Electronicmailforimprovedcommunication Costanalysisandfindingtrendsforbudget purposes Qualityassuranceandoutcomeanalysis Patienttrackingandplacementforcase management
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Onlinecourseregistrationandscheduling Computerizedstudenttracking,andgrade management Computerassistedinstruction CoursedeliveryandsupportforWebbased education Remoteaccesstolibraryandinternetresources TeleconferencingandWebcastcapability Presentationsoftwareforpreparingslidesand handouts Onlinetestadministration Communicationwithstudents
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Computerizedliteraturesearching Theadoptionofstandardizedlanguage relatedtonursingterms Theabilitytofindtrendsinaggregatedata, whichisdataderivedfromlargepopulation groups Useoftheinternetforobtainingdata collectiontollsandconductingresearch Collaboratewithothernurseresearchers
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Patientsafetyandmedicationerrors Nursingshortage Consumerdemandsforcosteffective,quality carebasedonbestpractices,managedcare, economicsurvival,andpressuretoimplement ITsolutionsthatincludecomputerized physicianorderentrywithdecisionsupport, barcodemedicationadministration, electronicorcomputerizedpatientrecords, andeprescribing.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Improvedaccesstoinformation Errorreductionandimprovedcommunication Decreasedredundancyofdataentry Convenience Decreasedtimespentinmedication administrationanddocumentation Increasedtimeforclientcare Facilitationofdatacollectionforresearch
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Improvedqualityofdocumentation Improvedcompliancewithregulatory requirements Improvedrecordsecurity Improvedqualityofcareandpatient satisfaction Decreasedadministrativecostsforlocationand maintenanceofclientrecords Creationofalifetimeclinicalrecordfacilitated byinformationsystems.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Theorydevelopment Analysisofinformationneeds Selectionofcomputersystems Designofcomputersystemsand customizations Testingofcomputersystems Trainingusersofcomputersystems Educationofusersoninformationpolicies Evaluationoftheeffectivenessofcomputer systems
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Ongoingmaintenanceandenhancements Identificationofcomputertechnologiesthat canbenefitnursing Compliancewithregulatoryrequirements forinformationhandling Projectmanagement Research
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Thenewgenerationofnurseswillbringtheir familiaritywithtechnologyandinformation literacytoexerttheirpowerandinfluencein healthcare.Thenewgenerationofnurseswill understandandexercisetheirpowerto transformresearchintopractice.Theywill alsoexhibittheircreativity,innovation,and practicalknowhowinthewaytheyuseIT.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Computer Hardware Software Inputdevices CentralProcessingUnit ReadOnlyMemory(ROM) RandomAccessMemory(RAM) Secondarystoragedevices Outputdevices
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Supercomputers Mainframecomputers Minicomputers Microcomputers(PCs) Laptopornotebookcomputers Tabletcomputers PDAsandotherhandhelddevices
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Monitors Keyboards Terminals Mouseandother pointingdevices Secondary storagedevices Backupsystems
Externalmodems Printers Scanners Digitalandweb cameras (webcams) Multifunction devices
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
LocalAreaNetworks MetropolitanAreaNetwork WideAreaNetwork Thinclienttechnology
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Thetypesofapplicationsrequired Theprogramexecutiontimeandcomputer capacityneededtoprocessjobs Thenumberofworkerswhoneedcomputer accessatanyonetime Storagecapacity Backupoptions Budgetconsiderations Maintenanceconsiderations
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Ergonomics thestudyanddesignofawork environmentthatmaximizesproductivityby reducingoperatorfatigueanddiscomfort. RepetitiveStressInjuries(RSIs)orRepetitive MotionInjuries resultfromusingthesame musclegroupsoverandoveragainwithout rest(carpaltunnelsyndrome)
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Determinehowaworkstationwillbeused. Determinethelengthoftimetheusewillbeatthe workstation. Configureworkareasforspecifictypesof equipment. Selectsturdysurfacesorfurniturewithsufficient workspace. Providechairswithgoodlumbarsupport. Educateallworkersontheneedforgoodbody mechanicswhenworkingwithcomputers. Positionmonitorsjustbeloweyelevel approximatelyonearmslengthaway.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Adjustscreenresolutionandfontsizeas needed. Periodicallylookawayfromthemonitorto distantobjects. Minimizescreenglare Takefrequentbreaks Avoidnoisylocations. Placetheworkstationinawellventilatedarea. Useergonomicdeviceswithcaution.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
GlareFilter NegativeTiltKeyboard DocumentHolder ErgonomicMouse LumbarSupport WristRests SupportBraces/Gloves ErgonomicKeyboards FootRest
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
MobileComputing devicesthatcanbe carriedorwheeledfromplacetoplace.May nothavethecapabilitytoreceiveandtransmit informationwhilemobile. WirelessDevices areequippedwithaspecial cardenablingittobroadcastandreceiveradio orcellularsignalsthatreachthenetworkvia accesspoints.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Bothtechnologiesbringcomputingtothe bedside Cost Improveddatacollection Moreefficientworkprocesses Errorreduction
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Theftandloss Threatstodatasecurity Batterylife Dataloss Memorylimitations Limitedabilitytodisplayandseeinformation Deadzones Lackofameanstoreadilyexchangedata betweenhospitalinformationsystemsand handhelddevices
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
OperatingSystems ApplicationSystems UtilityPrograms
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Additionalcomputerexperienceoverthe averageemployeeandservesasalocal resourceperson.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Firstlineofusersupportwithin anorganization.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
ProvidesuserswithPCinformation andtraining,enablingthemto performroutinetasks.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Healthcareinformationsystemanalystsare responsibleforawiderangeofactivitiesrelated tothesuccessfulautomationofinformation management. Interviewstaff,determineuserneeds,write specificationsforsoftwareperformance, participateinsomecomputerprogrammingand debugging,implementnewautomated functions,anddocumentprogramspecifications andchanges.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Clinicianswhorepresenttheinterests andneedoftheusersandworkwiththe informationsystemteamtoaddress theseissuesduringsystemdesignand implementation.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Writethecode,orinstructions,that tellthecomputerwhattodo.Often lackaclinicalbackground.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Responsibleforplanning,management,and expansionofnetworks.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Responsibleforeducatingclinicalusersinone formoreapplicationsandmayalsobe requiredtodefineandmonitoruser competences.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Responsibleforensuringthatmeasuresexist toprotectinformationprivacy.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Shouldhaveabroadviewoftheneedsofthe institutionandthedesign,implementation, andevaluationofinformationsystems. Responsibilitiesincludestrategicplanning, policydevelopment,budgeting,information security,recruitment,andretentionof informationservicesstaff,andoverall managementoftheenterprisesinformation systems.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Responsibleforthedesign,maintenance,and securityofmaterialsplacedontheInternet, intranet,and/orextranet.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Protectsthepersonalhealthinformationof patients.Thisincludespaperandelectronic information.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Existsinorganizationsthatareexpanding theiruseoftheInternetbeyondWebsitesthat provideinformationtoastrategythatincludes interactiveservices.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Designatedtoensurethatstateandfederal regulationsandaccreditingrequirementsare metbothviapaperandautomatedrecords andsystems.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Designatedtoensurethatplansareupto dateandthatallcontingencieshavebeen covered.Coordinatesandupdateplansfor naturalandmanmadedisasters,including actsofterrorisms.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
Ensuresthatinformationisexchanged betweendisparatesystemsandisolatesand correctsproblemsbehindthescenesinvisible totheusersoftheindividualsystems.
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Compiled & Designed by: Sonny C. Chiu, MA.Ed. CNU-Information T echnology Professor
