DF 34

34 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Operating Manual C33054.20 F0

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E Copyright Nokia Telecommunications Oy

DF 34 Operating Manual

The following products comply with the protection requirements of the European Union Council Directive 89/336/EEC relating to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), provided that installed using EMC-compatible installation practices (installation in mechanical housings stated to be EMC-compatible and using cabling material [at least as well shielded] and practices as stated in relevant Nokia Telecommunications user manuals): Product code TA 21530 TA 21532 TA 21533 TA 21535 TA 21536 TA 21537 TA21539 TA 21937 Product name DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm SM laser, reduced power DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm SM laser, LP DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm MM/SM LED DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm MM laser DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm SM laser DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1550 nm SM laser DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1550 nm DFB laser DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1550 nm DFB laser, LH Release 03A 03A 03A 03A 03A 03A 01A 01A

E COPYRIGHT Nokia Telecommunications Oy 1996, 1997 All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be copied, distributed, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any human or computer language without the prior written permission of Nokia Telecommunications Oy. The manufacturer has made every effort to ensure that the instructions contained in the documents are adequate and free of errors and omissions. The manufacturer will, if necessary, explain issues which may not be covered by the documents. The manufacturers liability for any errors in the documents is limited to the correction of errors and the aforementioned advisory services. The documents have been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when using them.The manufacturer welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continual development and improvement of the documentation in the best way possible from the users viewpoint. Please submit your comments to the nearest Nokia sales representative. NOKIA is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation. Any other trademarks mentioned in the documents are the property of their respective owners.

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Document History
Document C33054001PE_A0 C33054001PE_B0 Date 18 June 1996 17 Nov 1997 New document template; new menus; CE marking added on page ii. Comment

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DF 34 Operating Manual

THIS OPERATING MANUAL PROVIDES THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF THE FOLLOWING PRODUCTS: Terminal repeaters TA 21530 TA 21532 TA 21533 TA 21535 TA 21536 TA 21537 TA 21539 TA 21937 Program TS 21912 DF 34 Program E DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm SM laser, reduced power DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm SM laser, LP DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm MM/SM LED DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm MM laser DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm SM laser DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1550 nm SM laser DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1550 nm DFB laser DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1550 nm DFB laser, LH

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Contents

1 2 3 4

Functional Description Installation Operation DF 34, Service Menu Reference (Program TS 21912, version 07A)

DF3400546SEE2 DF3400547SEC2 DF3400548SED2 DF3400395SEF1

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DF 34 Operating Manual

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Laser safety
The pieces of equipment mentioned in this manual and marked with this sticker are classified as Class 1 laser products. The classification is based on European standards EN 60825-1:1994, EN 60825-1/A11:1996, and EN 60825-2:1994. They conform to the IEC 825-1:1993 and IEC 825-2:1993 standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).

CLASS 1 LASER PRODUCT EN 60825-1:1994

The maximum output power of Class 1 1310 nm nominal wavelength 1550 nm nominal wavelength +9.4 dBm (= 8.8 mW) +10 dBm (= 10 mW)

Caution

Using this equipment in ways other than those specified in these instructions may result in exposure to laser radiation exceeding the limits of laser Class 1.

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DF 34 Operating Manual

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DF 34
34 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Functional Description

NTC DF3400546SEE2

E Copyright Nokia Telecommunications Oy

DF 34 Functional Description

E COPYRIGHT Nokia Telecommunications Oy 1996, 1997 All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be copied, distributed, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any human or computer language without the prior written permission of Nokia Telecommunications Oy. The manufacturer has made every effort to ensure that the instructions contained in the documents are adequate and free of errors and omissions. The manufacturer will, if necessary, explain issues which may not be covered by the documents. The manufacturers liability for any errors in the documents is limited to the correction of errors and the aforementioned advisory services. The documents have been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when using them.The manufacturer welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continual development and improvement of the documentation in the best way possible from the users viewpoint. Please submit your comments to the nearest Nokia sales representative. NOKIA is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation. Any other trademarks mentioned in the documents are the property of their respective owners.

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Document History
Document DF3400546SEE1 DF3400546SEE2 Date 18 June 1996 17 Nov 1997 Comment

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DF 34 Functional Description

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Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Main functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transmission management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Technical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1
2 2 3 6

Chapter 2 Equipment operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8.1 2.8.2 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 Blocks and their functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operation in transmit direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Operation in receive direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Frame structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data hybrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Service telephone interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Optical functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laser transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Optical receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Successive systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Line code in one-fibre and two-fibre systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loopbacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signal path test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signal quality and compilation of statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7
7 10 14 14 14 15 16 17 17 19 19 20 21 23 24 25

Chapter 3 Transmission management functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction
DF 34 is an optical line equipment of Nokia LINECARD equipment family. It can be provided with a LED or laser transmitter and connected to a multimode (MM) or single-mode (SM) fibre. The transmission bit rate of the Optical Line Equipment DF 34 is 34368 kbit/s.

Figure 1

Optical Line Equipment DF 34, terminal repeater

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1.1

Main functions
The terminal repeaters of the line equipment DF 34 match the following channels to be transmitted along an optical fibre:
D D D

34 Mbit/s main channel two asynchronous data channels with 72 kHz sampling frequency service telephone channel.

1.2

Construction
The terminal repeaters of the line equipment DF 34 are plug-in units constructed on a EURO-2 size circuit board. The terminal repeaters are installed into cartridges conforming either to the TM4 or the TM4-EMC Construction Practice (see the corresponding handbooks).

Terminal repeaters
Depending on the transmission path fibre and the required optical output power, one of the following terminal repeaters is used: TA 21530 TA 21532 TA 21533 TA 21535 TA 21536 TA 21537 TA 21539 TA 21937 SM MM LP LH DFB = = = = = DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm SM laser, reduced power DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm SM laser, LP DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm MM/SM LED DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm MM laser DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1300 nm SM laser DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1550 nm SM laser DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1550 nm DFB laser DF 34 Terminal Repeater, 1550 nm DFB laser, LH single-mode multimode low-power long-haul distributed feedback. The optical spectrum of the DFB laser transmitter is significantly narrower than that of other single-mode lasers.

Programs
All the above-mentioned terminal repeaters can be provided with the same program. There are different language versions of the program. TS 21912 TS 21912.1 TS 21912.40 TS 21912.50 DF 34 Program E DF 34 Program F DF 34 Program G DF 34 Program R

Cartridges
Normal TM4 and TM4-EMC cartridges.
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Introduction

1.3

Transmission management
Equipment operation is controlled using the Service Terminal via the service interface on the front edge of the equipment. Through this interface, equipment state and alarm data are read, controls and settings are given, loopbacks are ordered, etc. Communications in the service interface are serial formatted. (See the Operating Handbook for the Service Terminal and the Service Menu Reference part of this manual, dealing with this equipment.) The equipment can also be controlled with the NMS Network Management System (see the NMS Users Manual).

Service Terminal

Figure 2

Two terminal repeaters DF 34 mounted into a cartridge of the TM4 Construction Practice and a Service Terminal

The service interfaces can be connected into a bus at the equipment station, and buses of the different stations can be further connected into a service network by means of the data channel in the equipment. All equipment connected to the bus or network can then be remote-controlled from one point using the Service Terminal or the Network Management System (see the corresponding manuals).

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SERVICE TERMINAL CONNECTED DIRECTLY TO OBJECT EQUIPMENT

SERVICE INTERFACES CONNECTED INTO A BUS B U S

SERVICE BUSES CONNECTED INTO A NETWORK

STATION 1

STATION 2

B U S

B U S

DATA CONNECTION

Figure 3

Connecting possibilities for the Service Terminal

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Introduction

RACK

WALL MOUNTING SHELF

MOUNTING FRAME (INSTALLATION INTO A 19 OR NOKIA M80 RACK)

Figure 4

Installation alternatives for equipment cartridges (TM4 Construction Practice)

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1.4

Technical specifications
G.651, G.652, G.821, G.956 12801330 nm or 15201575 nm 1) FC, type PC single-mode or multimode 42960 kbaud 5B6B < 0 dBm < 1 dB > > > > > > > > 1 4 5.5 14 7 +3 21 30 dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm dBm

Optical interface OI ITU-T Recommendations Wavelength Optical connector Fibre type Line baud rate Line code Max. receive power Connector loss Output power laser multimode laser single-mode laser single-mode, reduced power laser single-mode, low-power laser single-mode, 1550 nm laser single-mode, 1550 nm, long-haul LED multimode LED single-mode Receiver sensitivity (BER E10) Digital interface MAINI ITU-T Recommendations G.703, G.823 Bit rate (kbit/s) Line code Pulse shape Peak voltage/impedance Nominal pulse width Input signal attenuation Service interface MI ITU-T Recommendation Type Baud rate Data interfaces DI and DI2 ITU-T Recommendation Type Sampling frequency Service telephone interface TI Type Frequency range Nominal power Overload point

< 42 dBm

34368 $ 20 ppm HDB3 rectangular 1 V/75 ohm 14.55 ns 0...12 dB/17 MHz V.11 asynchronous 75...9600 baud V.11 asynchronous 72 kHz 4wire 300...3400 Hz (G.232 port B) 4 dBr > 0.5 dBm0

Programmable alarm outputs PA1 and PA2 active state > 5 mA, Udc < 2 V passive state < 50 A, 75 V < Udc < 12 V Power supply and power consumption type input voltage power consumption Dimensions height width depth Environment temperature humidity builtin DC/DC converter 20...72 V DC 10...14 W (depending on the transmitter type) 233 mm/6 U 50 mm/10 T 160 mm Operation 10...+50 _C < 95 % at 30 _C Transport and storage 40...+70 _C max. 98 %

1)

These limits are valid for units with LEDs or uncooled lasers at 20 $ 5 _C and for cooled lasers at 20...50 _C. If these units are used at other temperatures, it should be noted that the centre wavelength may exceed the limits. The temperature coefficient of the centre wavelength is max. 0.6 nm/_C.

Table 1
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Optical Line Equipment DF 34, technical specifications

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Equipment operation

Chapter 2 Equipment operation 2.1 Blocks and their functions

Line terminal block diagram, see Figure 5. Line terminal block IM Block name and functions Main channel interface repeater
D D

D D

generates the outgoing 34 Mbit/s interface signal equalizes, regenerates, and converts the received 34 Mbit/s interface signal into binary format, and generates the clock frequency for the incoming data performs HDB3 coding and decoding when required, connects a loopback to equipment or to interface

MUX

Multiplexer
D

combines the signals coming from the main channel interface, service and data interfaces, and service telephone interface

LENC

Line encoder
D D

generates the line signal frame performs 5B6B line coding

E/O

Electro-optical transducer
D

converts the outgoing electrical signal into optical signal

O/E

Optoelectrical transducer
D D

converts the incoming optical signal into electrical signal generates the clock frequency for the incoming data

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DF 34 Functional Description

LDEC

Line decoder
D D D

performs 6B5B line decoding disassembles the line signal frame controls the error rate of the received signal

DEMUX

Demultiplexer
D

distributes the signals to main channel interface, service and data interfaces, and service telephone interface

V.11

V.11 interfaces
D D

convert the outgoing binary signal into interface signal convert the received interface signal into binary signal

IT

Service telephone interface

D

amplifies and sums up the analog interface signals

TC

Service telephone codec

D D

filters the analog signals of both transmission directions performs analog/digital and digital/analog conversions

CONTROL

Control and monitoring Block controlled by the local processor: D transmits data to the service interface (MI) on the equipment status, settings, and controls D sets data corresponding to the equipment status to the rack alarm interface (A) D when the operating voltages of the equipment are cut off, gives an alarm A by means of an external +5 V auxiliary voltage D performs settings and controls coming via the service interface D controls the equipment operation in fault conditions D compiles statistics on fault conditions

DC/DC

Power supply
D

generates from the central battery voltage the supply voltages required by the equipment (+5 V, 5.2 V, +12 V and 12 V)

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Equipment operation

IM
MIN HDB3

MAINI

MOUT MP

MUX

LENC

E/O
OOUT

MI

V.11

OI

DI

V.11

DEMUX

LDEC

O/E
OIN

DI2

V.11

DC/DC IT TI
TI1 TI2

TC
AD DA

CONTROL
PA1,PA2 PIN FEAR FEAT A

INTERFACES Main channel interface MAINI (34 M, G.703)

MIN MOUT Main channel, incoming Main channel, outgoing

BLOCKS Service and data interfaces

MI DI DI2 TI PA1,PA2 PIN FEAR,FEAT Service interface Data interface Data interface 2 Service telephone interface Programmable alarm outputs Programmable input Farend alarm IM MUX LENC E/O O/E LDEC DEMUX V.11 IT TC CONTROL DC/DC Main ch. interface repeater Multiplexer Line encoder Electrooptical transducer Optoelectrical transducer Line decoder Demultiplexer V.11 interface Service telephone interface Service telephone codec Control and monitoring Power supply

Optical interface OI (G.651, G.652)

OIN OOUT Optical, incoming Optical, outgoing

Power supply and rack alarm interfaces

P A Power supply interface Rack alarm interface

Measurement point
MP Measurement point

Figure 5

Terminal repeater DF 34; block diagram and interfaces

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2.2

Interfaces
In the terminal repeater, the user is connected only to the connectors located on the front edge of the unit. The units back connector is intended for connecting the equipment power supply and rack alarms through the motherboard of the equipment cartridge. The location of the signals at the front connectors is shown in Figure 6. Cabling is described in more detail in the Installation part of this manual and in the Operating Handbooks for the TM4 and TM4-EMC Construction Practices.

Main channel interface 34 M

MIN Main Signal In

(SMB coaxial connectors J3 and J4)

Incoming main channel signal 34 Mbit/s. The cable sheath of the incoming signal MIN can be connected to equipment ground either directly or capacitively by means of a strapping. This strapping, facilitating the selection of grounding mode, can be found in Terminal Repeater TA 21536 starting from version 03A. MOUT Main Signal Out Outgoing main channel signal 34 Mbit/s.

Optical interface
OIN Optical Signal In

(FC fibre connectors J2 and J6)

Incoming optical signal. OOUT Optical Signal Out Outgoing optical signal.

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DF 34 TERMINAL REPEATERS TA 21530 TA 21532 TA 21533 TA 21535 TA 21536 TA 21537 TA 21539 TA 21937 Service and data interfaces
Service interface, incoming A Service interface, incoming B Data interface, incoming A Data interface, incoming B Programmable alarm output +5 V measurement point Service tel. interf. 1, incoming A Service tel. interf. 1, incoming B Service tel. interf. 2, incoming A Service tel. interf. 2, incoming B Data interface 2, incoming A Data interface 2, incoming B Farend alarm, incoming a16 a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 a10 PA1 a9 P5V a8 TIA1 a7 TIB1 a6 TIA2 a5 TIB2 a4 D2IA a3 D2IB a2 FEAR a1 MIA MIB DIA DIB b1...16

P1 abc c16 c15 c14 c13 c12 c11 c10 c9 c8 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 MOA MOB DOA DOB PA2 PIN TOA1 TOB1 TOA2 TOB2 D2OA D2OB FEAT Service interface, outgoing A Service interface, outgoing B Data interface, outgoing A Data interface, outgoing B Programmable alarm output Programmable input Service tel. interf. 1, outgoing A Service tel. interf. 1, outgoing B Service tel. interf. 2, outgoing A Service tel. interf. 2, outgoing B Data interface 2, outgoing A Data interface 2, outgoing B Farend alarm, outgoing

GND, ground

Main channel interface

MIN Main channel, incoming J3 J2 MOUT Main channel, outgoing J4

Optical interface
OOUT Optical, outgoing

Service LEDs
red yellow green

MP

Measurement point

J5

J6

OIN

Optical, incoming

Figure 6

Terminal repeater DF 34, interfaces

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DF 34 Functional Description

Measurement point
MP

(SMB coaxial connector J5)

Measurement Point Measurement point for the incoming or outgoing signal or the AIS oscillator frequency of the main channel. The signal to be measured is selected for the measurement point using the Service Terminal.

Service and data interfaces

MI Service Interface

(Euroconnector P1)

Service interface for the Service Terminal or Transmission Management Computer. Via this interface, settings and controls are given to the equipment, and statuses, fault data, and statistics are read. Bidirectional. Differential levels in accordance with ITU-T V.11 (EIA RS422). If the data hybrid is not in use, the interface is active only when the equipment transmits the signal out. At other times, the output is at a high- impedance state, so the interface can be connected to a bus together with other corresponding interfaces, whereupon several sets of equipment can be controlled from one point. DI DI2 Data Interface Data Interface 2 Data interfaces for transferring asynchronous serial-formatted data as a separate channel along with the frame structure. Can be used for transferring the desired bit data in general, or can be externally wired specifically for transmission management communications. Bidirectional. Differential levels in accordance with ITU-T V.11 (EIA RS422). Unlike the interface MI, the data interfaces are always active; they are not intended to be a bus. The interface DI can be connected to the interface MI by using the internal data hybrid of the equipment. PA1 PA2 Programmable Alarm Output 1 Programmable Alarm Output 2 Programmable equipment alarm outputs. The exact operation of the signals in case of different alarm combinations
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Equipment operation

can be set using the Service Terminal. PA1 is also always activated if a power supply fault arises in the equipment. The user adapts these signals for his own purposes. He may, for example, connect them to his own fault monitoring system. PIN Programmable Input Programmable input interface. Activated by grounding. Opens the data hybrid. Also used when bypassing password functions, for example, if the password is forgotten. TI Service Telephone Interface Service telephone interface for establishing an end-to-end telephone connection for the line equipment. Comprises two inputs and two outputs which are connected in parallel by means of a hybrid. The telephone connection can be chained through several sets of line equipment and parallel connection is possible at intermediate stations. FEAR FEAT Far-end Alarm Receive Signal Far-end Alarm Transmit Signal Incoming and outgoing far-end alarm signal. If the transmission connection consists of several successive connections, data on a far-end alarm is chained by means of these.

Power supply and rack alarm interfaces

A Alarm Interface

(Back connector PB1)

Rack alarm interface via which alarms caused by the equipment are transmitted to the rack. Based on fault conditions and settings, the equipment generates data on whether the alarm is prompt (A), deferred (B), or if it is a matter of alarm cancellation (D). P Power Interface Power supply interface through which the equipment obtains the central battery voltages (20...72 V DC) and the external auxiliary voltage (+5 V).

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DF 34 Functional Description

2.3

Operation in transmit direction

In the transmit direction, the incoming interface signals are first converted into binary format and then combined into one bit stream in the MUX block. The line signal frame is generated and the signal is line-coded in the LENC block. The E/O block converts the outgoing signal into an optical signal.

2.4

Operation in receive direction

In the receive direction, the optical signal coming from the line is first converted into an electrical signal (block O/E). After that the signal is line-decoded and its frame is disassembled in the LDEC block. In the DEMUX block the incoming bit stream is divided into parts which are taken to the interface blocks. Each interface block converts the signal to conform to its own interface specification.

2.5

Frame structure
For optical transmission a frame is generated in which the main channel, data and service channels, and the far-end alarm are transmitted. The bit rate of the frame is 42.960 Mbit/s.

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2.6

Data hybrid
There is a summing connection (a data hybrid) in the CONTROL block that connects the signals coming from the service interface MI, data interface DI, data channel DCH, or processor CPU to all other interfaces concerned. The signal coming from the data channel is cut off if the incoming optical signal is missing or the frame alignment is lost. In that case the data channels possible undefined state will not interfere with the use of the service interface. However, in some fault conditions a disturbing signal may come from the data channel, so that a connection to the equipment cannot be established via the service interface. Then the data hybrid can be opened by connecting the pin PIN to ground. After grounding the PIN, the data hybrid is open for the time selected by the setting Control timeout. When the data hybrid is active, the MI output is continuously in an active state and the interface cannot be connected to a bus.

TRISTATE CONTROL

MOA MOB MIA MIB

MI
SERVICE INTERFACE

+ + +
L L

CPU
CONTROL AND MONI TORING BLOCK

DATA HYBRID CONNECTION

+
DOA DOB DIA DIB

DI
DATA INTERFACE

+ +

DCH
DATA CHANNEL

Figure 7

Data hybrid

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DF 34 Functional Description

2.7

Service telephone interface

Service telephone

Service telephone

DF

DF
Service telephone

DF

DF
Service telephone

DF

DF
Service telephone

DF

DF

Figure 8

An example of service telephone network

The front connector P1 of the terminal repeater contains two parallel service telephone interfaces. The summing connection (service telephone hybrid) in the the service telephone interface block branches the service telephone to both service telephone interfaces and the data channel, and the data channel to both service telephone interfaces. Thus a service telephone network is created. Those connected to it can communicate with each others simultaneously.

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Equipment operation

2.8
2.8.1

Optical functions
Laser transmitter Structure and operation
NORMAL LASER

MON CONTROL ON/OFF

PEL

POWER MEAS.

POW L

T PEL

TEMP. MEAS.

BIAS CURRENT MEAS.

LOWPOWER LASER

Figure 9

Laser transmitter structure

The main part of the laser transmitter is a laser diode (L) which is located in a laser module. In addition to the laser diode, the module contains:
D

photodiode (MON) which measures the laser output power (the power is maintained constant by feedback). The POWER MEAS output voltage of the block is proportional to the photodiode current (Figure 9). thermistor (T), which measures the laser temperature (not in the low-power laser) Peltier cooler (PEL) which is controlled by temperature (not in the lowpower laser).

D D

The laser is controlled in states 0 and 1 by the modulation current.

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DF 34 Functional Description

POPT/mW

1state

bias current

0state I LASER /mA modulation current

Figure 10

Laser control

Measurements, alarms and calibrations

Via the service interface in the terminal repeater the bias current and the output power of the laser and also the temperature of a normal laser can be measured without separate measuring devices. By monitoring the increase of the bias current, it can be detected, for example, when the laser has aged and needs to be replaced. An increase in the bias current or the temperature can also produce alarms. The alarm thresholds can be set via the service interface. The terminal repeater memory contais data on the initial values of the laser. If the laser is replaced in connection with repair, the corresponding calibrations must be performed again. The calibrations are performed by means of the Service Terminal, and to prevent an unintentional calibration, the strapping HWC in the terminal repeater is disconnected.

Automatic cut-off and restart

The laser transmitter is cut off to protect the laser and for safety reasons if the bias current or the optical output power exceeds the defined limit. For safety reasons the laser can also be cut off when the incoming optical signal is missing. The operating mode of the automatic cut-off and restart of the laser in this situation can be selected with the Service Terminal:
D D

Laser is not cut off. Automatic restart. If the optical connection is cut off, both ends of the connection control the laser ON and OFF periodically in accordance with Figure 11. The system returns automatically to normal state when the optical connection functions again.

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Laser is cut off permanently. The system is started manually at either end of the connection. The laser transmitter is force-controlled to send a single light pulse similar to those in automatic restart.

POPT/mW

0.5

9.5

0.5

9.5

10

19.5

20

t/s

Figure 11

Automatic laser restart

2.8.2

Optical receiver Measurement

Via the service interface in the terminal repeater the received optical power can be measured without separate measuring devices. The measurement is based on the average current of the photodiode. The overall accuracy in the range 40...0 dBm is 1...2 dB. This facility is suitable to detect large (> 2 dB) changes in the received optical power.

2.9

Successive systems

DF 34

DF 34
MAINI
TIO1

DF 34
TI1 FEA DI,DI2
TII1 TIO1 FEAR FEAT TIO2 TII2

DF 34

OI

TII1 FEAT FEAR TIO2 TII2

OI

TI2

TI2

Figure 12

Successive systems

A chained optical line equipment system is created by connecting the terminal repeaters at intermediate stations in accordance with Figure 12. In a chain, the main channel (MAINI), data channels (DI and DI2), far-end alarm (FEA) and one of the service telephone interfaces (TI1) can be connected from one set of equipment to another by cables when required. The other service telephone interface (TI2) of both terminal repeaters still remains free for other use.
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DF 34 Functional Description

2.10 Line code in one-fibre and two-fibre systems

On the optical transmission path a line code of type 5B6B is used. In a two-fibre system, which provides a separate fibre for both transmission directions, the same code is used in both transmission directions.

DF 34
5B6B HDB3 5B6B

DF 34

HDB3

TERMINAL 1

TERMINAL 2

Figure 13

Unidirectional transmission in a two-fibre system

For bidirectional transmission in a one-fibre system a separate line code has to be used in the transmit and receive direction. In case the fibre is cut, part of the transmitted power is reflected back to the receivers which have to be able to distinguish their own signal from the one sent by the other terminal otherwise an alarm on the traffic outage can not be obtained.

DF 34
CODE A HDB3 Coupler CODE B Coupler

DF 34

HDB3

TERMINAL 1

TERMINAL 2

Figure 14

Bidirectional transmission in a one-fibre system

In the optical line equipment DF 34 the codes are software settable with the Service Terminal. In a two-fibre system conforming to the one shown in Figure 13, a normal code table is used, and in a one-fibre system conforming to the one shown in Figure 14 code table A/B is set in use in terminal 1 and code table B/A in terminal 2.

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2.11 Alarms
In fault or control conditions the terminal repeaters
D D D D

indicate a fault or a control by the red or yellow service LED on the front edge produce rack alarm A, B, or D via the rack alarm interface generate data on the fault or the control, its character, and the service condition of the system (alarm S) for the service interface transmit a far-end alarm when required.

Exact data on the equipment state and on possible faults are obtained via the service interface using the Service Terminal or Transmission Management Computer. With these, programmable alarm outputs PA1 and PA2 can also be set as active when required, and the operation of the equipment can be controlled (footnotes 1, 2, and 3 of Table 2).

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DF 34 Functional Description

SERVICE LEDS

RACK ALARMS

TO SERVICE INTERFACE

ACTIONS FOLLOWING FAULT CONDITION/CONTROL

MAIN CH FAR END ALARM to opti cal to con nector LASER TRANSM. CUTOFF

FAULT CONDITION/ CONTROL

red

yel

green

AIS to inter face

AIS to optical

Power supply fault Incoming optical signal Input signal missing Frame alignment lost BER > E3/E4 BER > E5/E6 Farend alarm received Laser transmitter Bias has exceeded alarm threshold Bias has exceeded cutoff threshold Power has exceeded cutoff threshold Temp. has exceeded alarm threshold Laser forced ON OFF Main ch. interface 34 M Input signal missing Loop to interface Loop to equipment Farend alarm from front connector Test mode Cancellation of rack alarms when alarm A or B Cancellation of rack alarms when no alarm A or B 3

* * * * *
2

* * * * *
2 2 2

* * * *
2

* * * *

* * *

* * *

* * * *

3 3

* * * * * * * * *
2

* * * * * * * *
2 2

* * * * * * * *
2 2

* *

* *

* * * * * * * * *

* *

* *

Software settable via the service interface 1 2 3 Cutoff in use/not in use Alarm A or B/no alarm. If A or B, also the yellow service LED Alarm in use/not in use

Table 2

Fault and control conditions and their consequent actions

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Service LEDs
D D D

Red Yellow Green

serious fault in the equipment fault in the signal received by the equipment, equipment fault, or controlled service function in the equipment (e.g. loopback) equipment accessed by the Service Terminal

Rack alarm lamps

D D D

Red White Yellow

Alarm A (prompt) Alarm B (deferred) Alarm D (reminder of alarm cancellation)

If the equipment operating voltages are cut off (power supply fault), the external auxiliary voltage that is connected to the equipment activates the red service LED, red rack alarm lamp, and programmable alarm output PA1.

Programmable alarm outputs

The equipments programmable alarm outputs PA1 and PA2 can be connected in the desired way, for example, to the users own fault monitoring system. In addition, the output PA1 can be used, for example, for controlling the changeover equipment in protected systems.

2.12 Loopbacks
Loopbacks of the equipment are carried out in the interface blocks. Loopbacks are used for checking the equipment, signal cabling or line section, for example, in connection with troubleshooting, and they are ordered into effect via the service interface using the Service Terminal or Transmission Management Computer. So that loopbacks would not accidentally stay in effect, they are automatically cancelled after a defined time by the Control timeout setting. In loopbacks the incoming signal is connected back as the outgoing signal and the looped signal is replaced by the AIS signal. The loopbacks do not affect the operation of the data channels and the service telephone.

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DF 34 Functional Description

AIS

MAINI

OI

AIS

1 2

Interface loop of 34 M signal Equipment loop of 34 M signal

Figure 15

Loopbacks

2.13 Signal path test

The signal path test is used for checking the condition of the internal signal paths of the terminal repeater. The test can be performed with the Service Terminal (or Transmission Management Computer). Before performing the test, external loops must be connected to the main channel interface and optical interface by cables.

MAINI

TEST DETEC TOR

TEST DATA GEN.

OI

COAXIAL LOOP

OPTICAL LOOP

Figure 16

Signal path test

The test result is available when the equipment has been set into the test mode. The result tells if the signal has been totally faultless since the setting of the test mode or since the previous test result was displaed.

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Equipment operation

2.14 Signal quality and compilation of statistics

Block code decoding
6B 5B

Optical signal 42.960 Mbaud

Demulti plexer MAIN 35.800 Mbit/s Data chs 34 Mbit/s

Control block

Figure 17

Error indication

The line baud rate of the optical signal at the 34 M transmission bit rate is 42.960 Mbaud. After the decoding of the block code (5B6B) the rate is 35.800 Mbit/s. This bit stream consists of the bits of the main channel and data channels. A bit error on the optical side changes the 6-bit code word into an erroneous one. The bits of the decoded 5-bit code word are random, thus there are 2.5 bits wrong on an average. The erroneous code words are detected. After the detection of two erroneous code words, a message is given to the control block, i.e. two erroneous code words produce one detection meaning 2 x 2.5 = 5 bit errors in the 35.800 Mbit/s bit stream. The result of the error detection is used for:
D D D D

error rate alarms BER measurement error counter compiling of statistics.

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DF 34 Functional Description

BER measurement
The measurement time is one second and the result is expressed as an error rate. Example: The equipment gives one detection per second on an average. The bit error rate is: 5 bit/s 35.8 Mbit/s If errors occur at long intervals, the effect of the short measurement time will be seen as a variation of the bit error rate between zero and 1.4 x107. = 1.4 x 10 7

Error counter
The error counter contains the cumulative sum of transmission errors. Each detection increases the sum by 5. The share of the 34 M channel of the total sum of errors will be, on an average: 34368 kbit/s 35800 kbit/s = 96 %

Thus, if the number of 34 Mbit/s main channel errors is monitored in cumulative measurement with a separate measuring set, the average result obtained is 96% of the result given by the equipments own error counter.

Compiling of statistics
The compiling of statistics complies with ITU-T Recommendation G.821. The equipment is able to tell how many periods belonging to different classifications (severely errored seconds, errored seconds, and degraded minutes) have appeared in the signal, and what is the allocation of these periods with regard to its operational time. The data are readable via the service interface using the Service Terminal. The ITU-T recommendation presents the maximum values for the different classifications at given reference connections. These reference connections are divided into three grades:
D D D

high grade, chiefly meaning international long connections local grade, meaning connections within a country (local) medium grade, which is in-between the two above grades.

The total amount of erroneous periods allowed is divided among these grades as follows:
D D D

high grade medium grade local grade

40% 15% (both ends) 15% (both ends)

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Furthermore, the maximum amounts of erroneous periods from the available time on the entire connection are:
D D D

degraded minutes errored seconds severely errored seconds

10% 8% 0.1%

Because the reference connection is very long compared to practical transmission connections, medium grade and local grade can be considered as divided into 50 km sections. The amounts of erroneous periods measured from these sections are 2...5% of the entire maximum allowed, depending on the quality level desired (refer to ITU-T Com XVIII Contribution 30, April 1985). A proposal on the quality targets for a digital connection is in the accompanying table. The proposal is calculated from the aforementioned ITU-T recommendations. In calculating errored seconds, generally the transmission rate in relation to the 64 kbit/s bit rate must be taken into account, since the maximum amounts of erroneous periods deal with this rate. In the case of the Line Equipment DF 34, this has already been taken into account when calculating the statistics. The amount allowed for unavailable time is not given because it depends on the objectives set for equipment reliability.

Maximum number of % of available time periods per month (s or min)

Degraded minutes 0.2...0.5 80...210

Severely errored seconds 0.002...0.005 50...130

Errored seconds 0.16...0.4 4150...10400

Table 3

Quality targets for a 50 km or shorter digital section regarding medium grade and local grade

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DF 34 Functional Description

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Transmission management functions

Chapter 3 Transmission management functions

Transmission management of the equipment includes, for example, controls, settings, tests, and measurements. Transmission management functions are carried out either locally using the Service Terminal or remotely using the Service Terminal or the NMS Network Management System (see the corresponding manuals). The functions are menu-based and the menus have 1...4 levels. The menus of the Optical Line Equipment DF 34, their use, and all possible responses are presented in detail in the Service Menu Reference part of this manual. Main menu
Select operation: 1 Fault display 2 Local alarm cancel 3 Reset local cancel 4 Identifications 5 Controls (temporary) Submenus 6 Settings (permanent) 7 Measurements 8 Statistics 9 Testing 10 User privileges 11 Miscellaneous Identifications: 1 Eq type 2 Eq name 4 3 User manual 5 HW unit 6 Program 7 Modify Modify: 2 Eq name 4,7 5 HW unit 4,7,2 4,7,5 ID string? 1...15 char

Figure 18

An example of the menu structure

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DF 34 Functional Description

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DF 34
34 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Installation

NTC DF3400547SEC2

E Copyright Nokia Telecommunications Oy

DF 34 Installation

E COPYRIGHT Nokia Telecommunications Oy 1996, 1997 All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be copied, distributed, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any human or computer language without the prior written permission of Nokia Telecommunications Oy. The manufacturer has made every effort to ensure that the instructions contained in the documents are adequate and free of errors and omissions. The manufacturer will, if necessary, explain issues which may not be covered by the documents. The manufacturers liability for any errors in the documents is limited to the correction of errors and the aforementioned advisory services. The documents have been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when using them.The manufacturer welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continual development and improvement of the documentation in the best way possible from the users viewpoint. Please submit your comments to the nearest Nokia sales representative. NOKIA is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation. Any other trademarks mentioned in the documents are the property of their respective owners.

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Document History
Document DF3400547SEC1 DF3400547SEC2 Date 18 June 1996 17 Nov 1997 Comment

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Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 2 Mounting of equipment into cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1 2.2 Power supply and rack alarm interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 3
3 4

Chapter 3 Signal interfaces and their cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Connectors and cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Main channel interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Optical interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Service, data and service telephone interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marking of cabling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5
5 5 5 6 8

Chapter 4 Strappings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.1 4.2 4.3 Strapping information of marking card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Strapping alternatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Strapping example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9
9 10 11

Appendix Fibre connectors and fibre-optic cables, Handling Instructions

DND000627XEC1

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Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction
The terminal repeaters of the DF 34 Line Equipment are installed into cartridges of the TM4 or the TM4-EMC Construction Practice. The connection of central battery voltages and rack alarms to the cartridges as well as the signal cable routing, groundings, and installation planning and work order are described in the operating handbooks for the construction practices. The equipment is ready to operate after its installation into a cartridge and the connection of signal cables. Before installation its strappings should, however, always be checked as well as the possible changes required be made. The instructions for installation of the equipment into cartridges, cabling of signal interfaces, and strappings are given below. Note Wrist grounding or corresponding protection should always be used when handling a plug-in unit removed from its package.

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Mounting of equipment into cartridge

Chapter 2 Mounting of equipment into cartridge

2.1

Power supply and rack alarm interfaces

When the equipment is inserted into the cartridge, the central battery voltages and rack alarms are connected through the motherboard of the cartridge and the back connector PB1 of the equipment. At the same time the equipment is also grounded to the cartridge body.

Back connector PB1

cba 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 a,c GND Ground

a a a a,c a

AA AB AD VAP5 GND

Rack alarm A Rack alarm B Rack alarm D External aux. voltage +5 V Ground

a,c a,c a

VNB VPB GND

Battery voltage, negative Battery voltage, positive Ground

Figure 19

Power supply and rack alarm interfaces

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2.2

Equipping
The connectors on the motherboards of the cartridges and the back connectors of the equipment are standardised so that the voltages and rack alarm signals conveyed by them are always located in the same places in the connectors (see Figure 19). Because of this, no unit slots in the cartridges are reserved for particular units and it is also possible to install other equipment of Nokia ND equipment generation consisting of one plug-in unit in the same cartridge together with the DF 34 terminal repeater (for example, DF 28 terminal repeater or DM 34 multiplex equipment and Service Telephone, see Figure 20). The terminal repeater DF 34 takes up two unit slots (10 T) in a cartridge.

DF 28

DF 34

DF 34

Service DM 34 Telephone

Figure 20

Equipping examples of TM4 Construction Practice cartridges (20 T)

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Signal interfaces and their cabling

Chapter 3 Signal interfaces and their cabling

The signal interfaces of the terminal repeater are cabled via front connectors. The locations of the interfaces are shown in Figure 21 and in the instruction stickers delivered with the equipment to be affixed on the inside of the cartridge cover. Only a temporary connection is made to the measurement point on the front edge of the terminal repeater when service and testing functions are carried out.

3.1

Connectors and cables

The SMB coaxial connectors and Euroconnectors on the equipment are male connectors. The optical connectors are FC fibre connectors of type PC. Recommendations regarding suitable cables and connectors for symmetrical, coaxial and optical cabling as well as work instructions for the recommended cables are found in the operating handbooks for the TM4 and the TM4-EMC Construction Practices.

3.2

Main channel interface

The main channel interfaces are cabled to coaxial connectors J3 and J4 on the terminal repeater (see Figure 21). Note The cable sheath of the incoming main channel interface signal MIN can be connected to equipment ground either directly or capacitively by means of a strapping in the terminal repeater. This strapping which allows the grounding mode to be selected can be found in Terminal Repeater TA 21536 starting from version 03A.

3.3

Optical interface
The optical interfaces are cabled to fibre connectors J2 and J6 on the terminal repeater (see Figure 21).

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3.4

Service, data and service telephone interfaces

The service, data and service telephone interfaces can be permanently cabled to Euroconnector P1 with symmetrical cable (see Figure 21). Programmable alarm outputs PA1 and PA2, and far-end alarms FEAR and FEAT are cabled when required. The Service Terminal is connected to the equipment with an interface cable set delivered with the Terminal.

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DF 34 TERMINAL REPEATERS TA 21530 TA 21532 TA 21533 TA 21535 TA 21536 TA 21537 TA 21539 TA 21937 Service and data interfaces
Service interface, incoming A Service interface, incoming B Data interface, incoming A Data interface, incoming B Programmable alarm output +5 V measurement point Service tel. interf. 1, incoming A Service tel. interf. 1, incoming B Service tel. interf. 2, incoming A Service tel. interf. 2, incoming B Data interface 2, incoming A Data interface 2, incoming B Farend alarm, incoming a16 a15 a14 a13 a12 a11 a10 PA1 a9 P5V a8 TIA1 a7 TIB1 a6 TIA2 a5 TIB2 a4 D2IA a3 D2IB a2 FEAR a1 MIA MIB DIA DIB

P1 abc c16 c15 c14 c13 c12 c11 c10 c9 c8 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 b1...16 MOA MOB DOA DOB PA2 PIN TOA1 TOB1 TOA2 TOB2 D2OA D2OB FEAT Service interface, outgoing A Service interface, outgoing B Data interface, outgoing A Data interface, outgoing B Programmable alarm output Programmable input Service tel. interf. 1, outgoing A Service tel. interf. 1, outgoing B Service tel. interf. 2, outgoing A Service tel. interf. 2, outgoing B Data interface 2, outgoing A Data interface 2, outgoing B Farend alarm, outgoing

GND, ground

Main channel interface

MIN Main channel, incoming J3 J2 MOUT Main channel, outgoing J4

Optical interface
OOUT Optical, outgoing

Service LEDs
red yellow green

MP

Measurement point

J5

J6

OIN

Optical, incoming

Figure 21

DF 34 terminal repeater, signal interfaces

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3.5

Marking of cabling
Cables are to be marked so that it is later possible to see where they lead. Markings should specify the equipment and connectors concerned. The cabling information as well as the strapping information is also recorded on the marking cards delivered with the equipment. Instructions for the markings can be found in the operating handbooks for the construction practices.

3 DF34 AB 24

MARKING OF THE CABLE END CONNECTED TO UNIT

1B19R3 1A02R1xxx

MARKING INDICATING THE CONNECTION POINT FOR THE OTHER CABLE END

OOUT

Station 18 1B19S1xyz 2A37R2yyy 2A37R2zzz

EXAMPLE OF MARKING

2 A 37 R 2 zzz

Rack row Rack Cartridge location Cartridge shelf (R = cables from above, S = cables from below into cartridge) Unit location Connector for the other cable end

OIN

Station 18 1B19R1zxy

Figure 22

Marking card, cabling information

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Strappings

Chapter 4 Strappings 4.1 Strapping information of marking card

3 DF34 AB 24
INSTRUCTIONS FOR MARKING THE STRAPPINGS

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CONNECTING THE STRAPPINGS

LOCATION OF THE STRAPPINGS ON PCB

MARKING OF STRAPPINGS IN EFFECT/FACTORY STRAPPINGS

Figure 23
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Marking card, strapping information

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A marking card (example, see Figures 22 and 23) is delivered with each equipment. One side of this card is reserved for strapping information (the other side for cabling information). The card provides concise strapping instructions, a picture of the locations of the strappings on the PCB, instructions how to mark them, and space for marking the strappings in effect. In addition, it shows the factory strappings of the equipment. A properly filled card also makes later servicing, testing and installation easier.

4.2

Strapping alternatives
The terminal repeater strappings to be checked in connection with installation are described below together with their meanings. The strappings are made by Ujumpers.

Strapping

Strapping function

HWC

Strapping for preventing the transmitter type setting, calibrations, signal tests and scrambler operation controls as well as writing into the EEPROM memory during normal use and for enabling these functions in connection with repair.

Strapping alternatives
HWC

Transmitter type setting, calibrations, signal tests, scrambler operation controls and writing into the EEPROM memory prevented HWC jumper out (factory strapping)

not prevented HWC jumper in

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Strapping

Strapping function

MIG

Strapping for grounding the cable sheath of the incoming main channel interface signal MIN either directly or capacitively.

Strapping alternatives The cable sheath of the incoming signal MIN connected to ground directly MIG jumper in (factory strapping)

MIG

capacitively

MIG

jumper out

Note

This strapping is found in Terminal Repeater TA 21536 starting from version 03A.

4.3

Strapping example
The main channel interface strapping MIG affects the grounding of the incoming signal MIN cable. The marking card (Figure 23) shows that pin row MIG is located up on the front edge of the PCB and that the factory strapping is the alternative a, i.e., the grounding of the cable sheath is direct. If one wishes to ground the the cable sheath capacitively, the U-jumper is detached from pin row MIG and the alternative b is recorded on the marking card as the current strapping.

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FIBRE-OPTIC CONNECTORS AND OPTICAL CABLES Handling Instructions 21.06.1994

ND Page 1

FIBRE-OPTIC CONNECTORS AND OPTICAL CABLES

Handling Instructions Contents

Page 1 FIBRE-OPTIC CONNECTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1 1.2 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Basic information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mechanical qualities of cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other physical and chemical qualities of cables . . . . . . . . . Practical installation instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 6 7

OPTICAL CABLES AND FIBRES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

OPTICAL CONNECTOR CLEANING PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . 8 Optical cleaning kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Method for connector cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Protective caps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Adapter cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 (10)

Prepared by M. Mkinen/HN
NTC/TS

Checked

Approved

Number DND00-0627-XEC1

FIBRE-OPTIC CONNECTORS AND OPTICAL CABLES Handling Instructions 21.06.1994

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FIBRE-OPTIC CONNECTORS AND OPTICAL CABLES Handling Instructions 21.06.1994

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FIBRE-OPTIC CONNECTORS
PC connectors of FC or SC type (FC = Field Connector; PC = Physical Contact) are used in the Optical Line Equipment belonging to the ND generation. The FC connector type has been specified by NTT (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation). The maximum outer diameter of a single-fibre indoor installation cable to be connected to an FC con nector is 3.0 mm. The SC connector is a fibre-optic molded plastic con nector.

1.1

Connector
The fibre-optic connector is a fine-mechanical optical component. For best performance and reliability, the connector shall be handled cor rectly. Keep it clean and take care not to damage its finished contact sur faces. Make sure that the connector is free from dirt, dust or grease. Due to the fine-mechanical nature of the connector, rough handling is pro hibited. Touching the end of the ferrule or rubbing it against other surfaces may damage or soil the end of the fibre. The ferrule is best protected by using a protective cap on the connector whenever it is not connected anywhere. When storing optical cables equipped with connectors, they must be pro tected against dust. Short jumper cables can be stored in sealed plastic bags. By aligning a connector in a straight (not angled) position relative to an adapter, or a connector adapter of a power meter etc., the mechanical stress on the connector components when making the connection is re duced and the wear on these fine-mechanical components manufac tured with narrow matching ranges is minimized. The end of the ferrule has a little bevelling for easier alignment. Tighten the fastening nut of the connector with your fingers. No tools are required or allowed to tighten or loosen the nut. (The tightness of the fastening nut does not affect the optical performance of the connection in any way, as long as it has been turned all the way to the bottom.) Never touch the end of the ferrule or fibre with your fingers! Take care not to drop the connector, especially if it is unprotected, onto the floor or any other hard, dusty, greasy or dirty surfaces!

FIBRE-OPTIC CONNECTORS AND OPTICAL CABLES Handling Instructions 21.06.1994

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We recommend the following to everyone using fibre connectors: Treat the connectors as you would the lenses of a good camera; never leave con nectors laying around without protective caps! The optical interfaces of optical measuring instruments shall also be sealed and protected with their own protective caps whenever they are not in use.

1.2

Adapter
The same principles as for connectors shall be followed when handling adapters and assuring their cleanness. The handling and condition of the adapter affect the connection loss to the same degree as the connectors. Neither end of the adapter can be left open. They must be sealed and pro tected either with connectors or protective caps.

2 2.1

OPTICAL CABLES AND FIBRES Basic information

The instructions and recommendations are based on reliability aspects and the effect of the handling of the fibre on its attenuation. A glass fibre is mechanically fragile. The only mechanical defect detect able on a macroscopic level is a fracture (broken fibre). The optical cable structures are designed so that the handling of the cables differs as little as possible from the handling of corresponding metal cables. The effects of the following stress factors shall always be considered, regardless of the length of the optical cable connection:
h h h h h

pulling, longitudinal and transversal compression, torsion, bending and vibration.

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The consequences of the stress on the fibres may appear immediately or after a longer time. Another characteristic feature of fibres is fracturing following a long-term tension exceeding the allowed limits. This fatigue phenomenon is due to a slow increase in microscopic cracks on the sur face of the fibre. Therefore, the handling instructions provided by the cable manufacturer shall always be followed when installing and using the cables. If the handling of the cable affects the optical qualities of the fibres, they can easily be measured. The measurement of mechanical effects on fibres and the evaluation of their significance in the long run is more difficult. The breaking phenomenon of a glass fibre follows statistical-mathemat ical laws rather than the strength laws of materials and the breakage is not necessarily preceded by a deterioration of the optical values. Therefore, in order to prolong the life of the fibre and cable, all unnecessary stress conditions approaching the allowed limits should be avoided. The following instructions are for the handling of the FMS and FTMMS cables most commonly used in indoor installations, but most of the basic principles are valid for all optical cables.

2.2

Mechanical qualities of cables

Bending radii for cables and fibres When handling optical cables and optical fibres, the minimum permiss ible bending radius shall especially be considered. Bending radii smaller than the minimum bending radius given by the manufacturer must never be used. Under normal operating conditions, the bending of the cable is more critical with regard to the mechanical qualities of the cable and fibres than with regard to the optical performance of the fibres. The following main rules can be given for the minimum bending radius of an FMS-type cable (and a solid-state-coated fibre) used in the inter nal cabling of a rack: 1) THE RECOMMENDED BENDING RADIUS is 50 mm or more in permanent and long-term installations as well as during storage. 2) DURING MEASUREMENTS the bending radius of all cables and fibres belonging to the measurement system shall be greater than 40 mm. 3) DURING SHORT-TERM BENDING the minimum bending radius is 25 mm.

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Instead of bending cables and fibres according to the minimum permiss ible bending radius (25 mm), it is recommended they be bent with a mini mum radius of 50 mm. This corresponds more or less to the situation where a 100 V capacitor with a derating factor of 0.5 is recommended to be used with no more than 50 V. Tensile strength of cables The maximum permissible pulling force on an FMS-type cable is 100 N. The corresponding value for an FTMMS cable is 700 N. Other mechanical qualities A single fibre can withstand a relatively large transversal compression if no other stress is being exerted simultaneously. In actuality, however, the stress states of the cables and fibres are complicated. Bending is usually associated with transversal compression which may appear as extremely sharp and localized microscopic bending in the fibre, capable of causing a large local increase in attenuation. When designing indoor cables, the goal is usually a light-weight and flexible structural solution, which means that the protection for the fibres against transversal compression may be rather insignificant. The low tolerance for longitudinal compression of indoor cables is due to the same reason. On the other hand, due to installation-technical rea sons, the cable must usually withstand a certain amount of pulling, but not nearly as much longitudinal compression. The stress caused by torsion in cables and fibres shall be minimized. Tor sion occurs e.g. when even a short jumper cable which has been coiled is straightened out while holding on to both ends of the cable. Most of the spiral torsion is released by hanging the cable from one end. The remain ing torsion is removed by pulling and sliding the cable between one's fingers, pressing gently while the cable and its other end is free to turn.

2.3

Other physical and chemical qualities of cables

Only special cables will endure strong chemicals, oils, low and high tem peratures.

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2.4

Practical installation instructions

Keep in mind the recommended bending radius of the cable and follow it. Do not exceed the maximum permissible pulling force when pulling the cable. Do not leave a cable or fibre under permanent axial stress (pull or compression). Do not turn the cable and fibres. Make sure that the cables or fibres are not compressed between mechanical parts or clamped when equipping the rack. Optical cables and optical fibres shall be handled more carefully than copper cables or wires of the same size. If single-fibre indoor cables are installed on cable shelves, it is recom mended that they be slipped into a flexible plastic conduit or a plastic spi ral acting as a mechanical shield against transversal compression. The recommended bending radius of the cable should also be ensured when the cable is tightened, i.e. pulled. In the ideal situation, the radii of curvature of all surfaces limiting the route of the cable should be equal to or larger than the recommended bending radius of the cable. The recommended bending radii can often be accomplished by leaving enough slack in the cable and ensuring that this slack remains with proper mounting hardware on both sides of the bending point. When using cable ties, make sure that they are not tightened too much to prevent excessive local compression and bending of the fibres. Note that cable ties cannot be used as actual cable clamps on FMS and FTMMS cables, but rather as holders and mounting hardware keeping earlier in stalled cables and their slacks in the correct positions. NOTE: The cable clamps of the TM4 rack must never be used with optical cables or fibres. When installing optical cables, the objectives should be a clear grouping, straightforward routing as well as a certain degree of spaciousness. If op tical cables are to be installed in a rack, the recommended filling degree of the cable space in the rack body is 0.7. Pulling one cable must not cause tightening and pulling in the other cables or fibres in the rack! For a coiled jumper cable to be installed in the rack, the spiral turns shall be removed. Otherwise, torsional strain will be caused on the cable and its fibres when pulling stress is introduced. When the turns have been re moved, the cables will stay straight better and will not easily become en tangled.

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Cables and plastic covers of fibres tend to "remember" their earlier condition. This should be taken into account when a cable which has been wound into a coil for a long time or a pigtail fibre (or cable) of an active component is unwound and then wound again. The new coil should be wound in the direction to which the cable or fibre bends - without forc ing. Otherwise unnecessary and extra strain will be caused in the cables and fibres. If the holes through which the cables or fibres are taken have sharp edges, they shall be protected which edge tape. The tape protects the cables and fibres from being damaged by the sharp edges of the holes. Also make sure that the bending radius at the holes is within specified limits. When the various types of stress affecting the cables and fibres approach their limit values, their added effect must also be considered. A combina tion of a certain amount of simultaneous bending and pulling may be come critical, even if either stress separately and alone is acceptable. For example, the bending radius of an outdoor cable must typically be larger when installing the cable than after the installation has been completed. Also, the minimum installation temperature is higher than the minimum operating temperature.

OPTICAL CONNECTOR CLEANING PROCEDURE

The following methods can be used for cleaning the FC and SC con nectors and adapters in Nokia's optical products. The cleanness of an optical connector must be ascertained one way or the other before it is taken into use. Cleanness is ensured when one of the fol lowing items is fulfilled: 1. 2. Always clean optical connectors before connecting. Always check the cleanness of the connector visually before connect ing. Use a microscope with magnification of at least 50 times to check the fibre and ferrule ends. It is known that the connector is clean (it has been cleaned or checked recently): WARNING 1 The Nokia optical line equipment, equipped with a laser transmitter, is provided with a warning sticker conforming to the output power. Before optical connector cleaning the yellow safety page of the Operating Hand book of the laser equipment and the warning sticker should be reviewed for safety warnings, markings and instructions. These must then be fol lowed to ensure safe cleaning.

3.

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WARNING 2 The cleaning methods detailed in these instructions do not apply to op tical test instruments. Optical test instruments must always be cleaned in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

3.1

Optical cleaning kit

h h h h h h

Optical Grade Solvent (Optical Grade ethyl alcohol or Acetone) Swabs Pipe Cleaners Cleaning Wipes (e.g. "Kim Wipes") Blowing Agent, filtered gas suitable for optical cleaning (e.g. "Hand-Air") Protective gloves

Special attention must also be paid to the cleanness of hands and equip ment used when cleaning optical components. To avoid skin contact, clean protective gloves should be used when applying the solvent. The gloves protect hands from the effects of the solvent and components to be cleaned from grease secreting from skin. The items of the cleaning kit must be stored and transported in boxes, containers and packages which protect them against dirt, dust and grease.

3.2

Method for connector cleaning

Apply solvent to the end of a swab so that it becomes thoroughly wet but does not drip. Wipe first the ends of the connector ferrule and fibre. Wipe only in one direction across the end of the ferrule (the swab horizontally), rotate the swab slowly to present a continuously changing and therefore clean part of the swab to the end of the ferrule. Without letting the swab touch the ends of the ferrule and fibre, wipe the bevelling at the end of the ferrule and then the metal shaft. Using the blowing agent, blow off any remaining particles in the con nector and the ferrule. The connector is now clean and ready to be con nected. Do not reuse that end of the swab again.

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3.3

Protective caps
Protective caps must be clean! Caps must be cleaned with solvent and blowing agent. Clean caps must be stored in a clean box with a lid that is kept closed. Before a cap is fitted use the blowing agent to remove any particles.

3.4

Adapter cleaning
The adapter may be cleaned by the following method: 1) Blow first the threads and then through the centre. 2) Clean the threads with a swab and solvent. 3) Apply solvent on the wipe so that it becomes thoroughly wet but does not drip. Take a pipe cleaner and pull through the wipe a few times to remove any loose fibres. 4) Place the same end of the pipe cleaner through the adapter so that about 30 mm protrudes through the other side. 5) Apply a few drops of solvent to this end and pull slowly through the adapter. 6) Give a final blow of the threads and thereafter through the centre.

DF 34
34 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Operation

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DF 34 Operation

E COPYRIGHT Nokia Telecommunications Oy 1996, 1997 All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be copied, distributed, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any human or computer language without the prior written permission of Nokia Telecommunications Oy. The manufacturer has made every effort to ensure that the instructions contained in the documents are adequate and free of errors and omissions. The manufacturer will, if necessary, explain issues which may not be covered by the documents. The manufacturers liability for any errors in the documents is limited to the correction of errors and the aforementioned advisory services. The documents have been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when using them.The manufacturer welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continual development and improvement of the documentation in the best way possible from the users viewpoint. Please submit your comments to the nearest Nokia sales representative. NOKIA is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation. Any other trademarks mentioned in the documents are the property of their respective owners.

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Document History
Document DF3400548SED1 DF3400548SED2 Date 18 June 1996 17 Nov 1997 Comment

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DF 34 Operation

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Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 2 Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.1 2.2 2.3 Software settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Commissioning measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Statistics resetting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 3
3 6 6

Chapter 3 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State and fault messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fault location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Performance and follow-up measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monitoring of statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7
7 9 11 13 14

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Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction
The operation of the Optical Line Equipment DF 34 is controlled via the service interface MI using the Service Terminal. Through this interface, equipment state and alarm data are read, controls and settings are given, loopbacks are ordered, etc. If the service interfaces have been connected into a bus and the buses have been further connected into a service network by means of a data channel, all equipment connected to the bus or network can be remote-controlled from one point using the Service Terminal or the Network Management System NMS (see the corresponding operating manuals). Enclosed to this manual is a separate description DF 34, Service Menu Reference. The service menus obtained from the equipment and their use are described in that document. For the Service Terminal there is a separate Operating Handbook.

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Commissioning

Chapter 2 Commissioning
The equipment is ready to operate after its installation into a cartridge and the connection of signal cables. Before commissioning, however, the software settings should be checked, the clock frequencies should be measured, if required, and the statistics and error counters must be reset.

2.1

Software settings
In connection with the commissioning, the equipment name and the following permanent settings shall be checked and the required changes be made. The number of the service menu through which the change is made and the factory setting are given in parentheses.

Identifications Equipment name (4,7,2/DF34 AB)

Used, when necessary, in network management to identify a set of equipment, in addition to the address. The name is also visible when Fault display is used. The name may be, for example, the equipment type and some abbreviation related to the route (together max. 15 characters).

Settings Baud rate (6,1,1/9600 bit/s)

In case the equipment is not in a bus, a service interface MI speed as high as possible (9600) should be used. When the equipment is in a bus, the speed is set to correspond to the one used in the bus.

Address (6,1,2/4095)
Each equipment in the bus shall have its own address by means of which it can be accessed separately. Equipment which is not in the bus does not need an address; the connection can be established using the address 4095 common to all equipment.

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Rack alarm functions (6,1,3/normal)

If it is desired that rack alarms are not given normally, for example, during commissioning, the alarms can be set to be inhibited, or urgent alarms A can be replaced by less urgent alarms B.

Rack alarm delay (6,1,4/1 s)

If it is desired that short, occasional alarms are filtered, i.e. prevent them from causing a rack alarm A, a time > 0 is set here. However, even then continual short alarms will cause a rack alarm.

Programmable alarm outputs PA1 and PA2 functions (6,1,5 PA1/alarm A activates; 6,1,6 PA2/alarm B activates)
The desired alarm condition is selected by this setting to activate outputs PA1 and PA2. From them, alarm data can be collected with some fault monitoring system. Output PA1 can also be used, for example, to control a change-over equipment in protected systems.

Control timeout (6,1,7/10 min)

A time is selected during which the controls remain active. Normally the time can be short (< 10 min) but if one wishes to keep a certain control (loopback in connection with testing, for example) active for a longer period, the timeout can be set to be greater (max. 65000 min). Has no effect on the control Measurement connector signal selection.

Data hybrid configuration (6,1,8/set OFF)

The use of the data hybrid depends on the structure of the service network.

Use of main channel (6,2,1/both transmission directions in use)

Those transmission directions of the main channel that will not carry traffic are set out of use.

Code table (6,2,2/normal code table (two-fibre system))

The selection of the code table depends on whether the system in use is a one-fibre or two-fibre system. In a two-fibre system the normal code table is used. For bidirectional transmission in a one-fibre system the code A/B is set in use in the terminal at one end of the line section and the code B/A in the terminal at the other end.

Use of data channels (6,2,3/data channels in use)

The data channels are set out of use if the system is used for unidirectional 34 Mbit/s transmission and the auxiliary channel is set out of use.

Consequences of far-end alarm (6,3,2/S-alarm)

No alarm is usually given of the received far-end alarm because the fault has been detected elsewhere but if desired, alarm A or alarm B can be set to be given. How-

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Commissioning

ever, an S-alarm visible in the Service Terminal is always given. It indicates that the main service of the system is missing.

Alarm threshold for BER: AIS & A-alarm (6,4,1/E3)

For the bit error rate an alarm threshold is set (E3 or E4) at which the AIS will be connected in the place of the signal and an A-alarm be given.

Alarm threshold for BER: B-alarm (6,4,2/E6)

For the bit error rate an alarm threshold is set (E5 or E6) at which a B-alarm will be given.

Alarm threshold for laser bias current (6,4,3/50 %)

An alarm threshold for the laser transmitter bias current alarm is set or the alarm is set out of use. The alarm threshold is set by giving the permissible percentual increase for the initial bias current value of the laser. (Not in terminal repeaters provided with a low-power laser or LED transmitter).

Alarm threshold for laser temperature (6,4,4/40 _C)

An alarm threshold for the laser transmitter temperature alarm is set or the alarm is set out of use. (Not in terminal repeaters provided with a low-power laser or LED transmitter).

Laser safety mode (6,6/laser cut-off not in use)

The desired operating mode of the automatic cut-off and restart of the laser transmitter in case the incoming optical signal is missing is set. (Not in terminal repeaters provided with a LED transmitter). If the laser cut-off is not in use (6,6,1), the laser transmitter is not cut off even though the incoming optical signal were missing. For safety reasons, however, the laser transmitter can be set to operate so that it is cut off when the incoming optical signal is missing (6,6,2 or 6,6,3). When item 6,6,2 is set, the laser restart is in use and after a cut-off the laser transmitter restarts automatically as soon as the incoming optical signal is recovered. When item 6,6,3 is set, the restart is not in use and after a cut-off the laser transmitter can be restarted only manually. The laser transmitters are restarted manually (5,4,4) at either end of the connection.

Default settings (6,7)

With this setting the so-called factory settings can be restored to the equipment. Does not affect the settings Baud rate, Address, Code table, Transmitter type, or Calibrations.

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User privileges Timeout (10,4,1/10 min)

The time which the privileges obtained with the password or PIN signal (see Protections) are in effect is set (max. 1000 min).

Protections (10,4,2/no protections)

Some of the transmission management functions of the equipment can be protected against misuse. The protection is implemented by setting either a password (makes remote operation possible) or PIN signal as the condition for operation. The making of settings and controls is restricted by the PIN signal only to local operation and thus the possibility of misuse is smaller but the remote-controlled management of the network becomes more difficult.

Password (10,4,3/ )
The password can consist of 1...7 characters. The protection is activated by item 10,4,2 Protections. It is recommended that this is set only after the commissioning of the equipment and when the connection functions faultlessly.

2.2

Commissioning measurements
Commissioning measurements are not necessarily required. Clock frequencies, however, can be measured if desired. The main channel AIS oscillator frequency is measured from the terminal repeater measurement point MP. The frequency is connected to the measurement point through the service menu 5,5. The recommended value is 6873.49...6873.70 kHz (6873.6 15 ppm).

2.3

Statistics resetting
Signal quality statistics and error counters are reset during commissioning.
D D

Reset statistics (8,1,1) Reset error counters (8,2,1)

In this way it is made sure that the compilation of statistics and error counting start from the commissioning.

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Maintenance

Chapter 3 Maintenance
The equipment does not require scheduled maintenance. Maintenance is needed only if the equipment indicates with alarms that there is a fault. Accurate data concerning the equipment state and the nature of the fault are obtained via the Service Terminal. Additional data on the condition of the equipment and the signal quality are obtained from the measurements and statistics made by the equipment itself. Measurement results and statistics are read with the Service Terminal. By means of the Service Terminal, also the tests and loopbacks possibly required in fault location can be made.

3.1

Alarms

RACK ALARM LAMPS red white yellow alarm A (prompt) alarm B (deferred) alarm D (reminder of alarm cancellation)

SERVICE LEDS red yellow serious fault in the equipment fault in the signal received by the equipment, equipment fault, or controlled service function (e.g. loopback) in the equipment equipment connected to the Service Terminal

green

Figure 24
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Alarm indication
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SERVICE LEDS

RACK ALARMS

TO SERVICE INTERFACE

ACTIONS FOLLOWING FAULT CONDITION/CONTROL

MAIN CH FAR END ALARM to opti cal to con nector LASER TRANSM. CUTOFF

FAULT CONDITION/ CONTROL

red

yel

green

AIS to inter face

AIS to optical

Power supply fault Incoming optical signal Input signal missing Frame alignment lost BER > E3/E4 BER > E5/E6 Farend alarm received Laser transmitter Bias has exceeded alarm threshold Bias has exceeded cutoff threshold Power has exceeded cutoff threshold Temp. has exceeded alarm threshold Laser forced ON OFF Main ch. interface 34 M Input signal missing Loop to interface Loop to equipment Farend alarm from front connector Test mode Cancellation of rack alarms when alarm A or B Cancellation of rack alarms when no alarm A or B 3

* * * * *
2

* * * * *
2 2 2

* * * *
2

* * * *

* * *

* * *

* * * *

3 3

* * * * * * * * *
2

* * * * * * * *
2 2

* * * * * * * *
2 2

* *

* *

* * * * * * * * *

* *

* *

Software settable via the service interface 1 2 3 Cutoff in use/not in use Alarm A or B/no alarm. If A or B, also the yellow service LED Alarm in use/not in use

Table 4

Interpretation of alarms

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Maintenance

When the red service LED is lit, there is a serious fault in the equipment and it usually has to be replaced by a new one. It is probably a question of power supply failure, i.e. the equipment-specific power supply does not function. The red service LED, red rack alarm lamp and programmable alarm output PA1 are activated by means of an external auxiliary voltage. When the yellow service LED is lit, the fault may be, for example, in the signal received by the equipment. The alarm can also be caused by some controlled service function performed in the equipment (loopback, for example). The alarming equipment itself is not necessarily faulty; the fault may be in the far-end equipment, signal cabling or the line section. The green service LED is lit when the equipment is accessed by the Service Terminal.

3.2

State and fault messages

The state and fault messages of the equipment obtained through the service menu 1 Fault display by the Service Terminal or the NMS Network Management System are described below together with their meanings. The rack alarm/service LED indication obtained from the equipment in each situation is given in parentheses.

Optical interface No incoming line signal (A/yellow)

The incoming optical signal is missing. The operating mode of the automatic cutoff and restart of the laser transmitter in this fault situation can be set with the Service Terminal. In a one-fibre system the incoming optical signal is considered to be missing if the frame alignment has continuously been lost for over 0.5 s.

Frame alignment lost (A/yellow)

The frame alignment of the incoming optical signal is lost.

BER > E3/E4 (A/yellow)

The bit error rate of the incoming optical signal is worse than the set threshold value E3 or E4.

BER > E5/E6 (B/yellow)

The bit error rate of the incoming optical signal is worse than the set threshold value E5 or E6.

Far-end alarm (A, B or /if A or B, yellow)

Far-end alarm received from the optical line. The function of the alarms in this fault condition can be set with the Service Terminal.

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Laser bias out of range (B/yellow)

The laser transmitter bias current has exceeded the set alarm threshold. The alarm can be set altogether out of use with the Service Terminal.

Laser power out of range (A/yellow)

The laser transmitter output power has exceeded the cut-off threshold. In Terminal Repeater TA 21536 this fault message is possible starting from version 03A.

Laser temperature out of range (B/yellow)

The laser transmitter temperature has exceeded the set alarm threshold. The alarm can be set altogether out of use with the Service Terminal.

Forced control on (A or B/yellow)

The laser transmitter is force-controlled ON (alarm B) or OFF (alarm A).

Forced laser cut-off (A/yellow)

The laser transmitter is cut off. The cut-off may be caused by the missing of the incoming optical signal (in case under the item Safety mode, the option Laser restart not in use has been set), by the bias current or the optical output power exceeding the defined limit, or by a force-control.

Test mode (A/yellow)

An equipment test is running.

MAIN interface No incoming 34M signal (A/yellow)

The incoming 34 Mbit/s main channel signal is missing.

Loop to interface (A/yellow)

Loopback to interface is connected at the main channel interface.

Loop to equipment (A/yellow)

Loopback to equipment is connected at the main channel interface.

Test mode (A/yellow)

An equipment test is running.

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Maintenance

Control block Memory fault (B/yellow)

A fault detected by the equipment in EPROM, RAM or EEPROM test.

Eq. reset (A/ )

The local processor of the equipment has been reset (or some other similar malfunction). This fault message is obtained via the NMS Network Management System only.

Repeater FEA Far-end alarm (A, B or /if A or B, yellow)

In a chained line equipment system, a far-end alarm has been received from the terminal repeater front connector. The function of the alarms in this fault condition can be set with the Service Terminal.

3.3

Fault location
Sometimes in fault conditions, an alarm is received simultaneously from several sets of equipment. This is due to the fact that the effect of the fault spreads along the signal path with the faulty signal. Usually, however, the set of equipment that has detected a fault transmits the AIS whereupon the other sets do not alarm but indicate the AIS. If it is not possible to locate the fault on the basis of the fault data provided by the alarms and the Service Terminal, the use of equipment and interface loopbacks, testing of the internal signal path of the equipment, and memory tests can help. Note Loopbacks and signal path tests cut off the traffic. Unless cancelled, they are in effect during the whole time set for controls (6,1,7 Control timeout). The operation of data channels and the service telephone are not, however, affected by the loopbacks.

Loop-back to interface (5,2,2)

Loopback to interface is used in testing a line section and signal cabling. The loopback can be made at the 34 Mbit/s main channel interface.

Loop-back to equipment (5,2,3)

Loopback to equipment is used in testing the equipment, line section and signal cabling. The loopback can be made at the 34 Mbit/s main channel interface.

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DF 34 Operation

AIS

MAINI

OI

AIS

1 2

Interface loop of 34 M signal Equipment loop of 34 M signal

Figure 25

Loopbacks

Signal path test (9,2)

The signal path test is used for testing the internal signal path of the equipment. The test signal can, however, be connected to the test signal detector using different routes by making loopbacks somewhere else than inside the equipment and thus the network can be tested more extensively. For the signal path test, external loops have to be connected to the main channel interface and the optical interface by cables. The test is started with the service menu command 9,2,2. As a test result (9,2,3) either the answer Passed or Failed is obtained depending whether the signal has been faultless or not after the setting of test mode or the previous displaying of the result. If the answer is Failed, the equipment is faulty and it should be replaced by a functioning one.

MAINI

TEST DETEC TOR

TEST DATA GEN.

OI

COAXIAL LOOP

OPTICAL LOOP

Figure 26

Signal path test

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Maintenance

EPROM (9,5) RAM (9,6) and EEPROM (9,7) tests

The following answers can be obtained from the memory tests ordered with the Service Terminal:
D D D D D D D

OK EPROM failed Int. RAM failed Ext. RAM failed Int. and ext. RAMs failed EEPROM failed Too many corrections in EEPROM

The answer Too many corrections in EEPROM gives a warning of an impending fault and it is advisable to have the equipment repaired.

3.4

Performance and follow-up measurements

Since the equipment itself collects data on signal quality and error occurrences and indicates faults by alarms, only few performance measurements carried out with separate measurement instruments are required. The supply voltages, quantities related to optical components, and the bit error rate can be measured using the Service Terminal.

Supply voltages
The supply voltages +5 V, 5.2 V and +12 V (in Terminal Repeater TA 21536 versions 02A and 02B, also 12 V) can be measured and the result read through the Service Terminal menu 7,1. If the supply voltages deviate from the recommended values, it is advisable to have the equipment checked. The allowable range of variation for the +5 V and 5.2 V voltages is 5% and for the 12 V voltages 10% .

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Optical quantities
The following optical quantities can be measured through the Service Terminal menu 7,2:
D

Laser bias current 1) The increasing of the laser bias current may be followed if desired. Typically, the bias current increases when the laser ages.

Laser temperature 1), 2) The nominal value of the temperature is 25_C 2_C.

Received optical signal power The power of the received optical signal depends on the transmitter type and the type and length of the optical cable.

Laser output power 1)

The nominal output power in different terminal repeaters is:

Transmitter type

Wavelength (nm) 1550 1300 1300 1550 1300 1550 1300

Nominal output power (dBm) +4 0 3 3 4.5 6 12

Single-mode long-haul laser, DFB Multimode laser Single-mode laser Single-mode laser, DFB Single-mode laser, reduced power Single-mode laser Single-mode low-power laser

In Terminal Repeater TA 21536 the output power measurement by means of the Service Terminal is possible starting from version 03A.

Error rate and jitter measurements

The bit error rate (BER) can be measured and the result of the measurement read through the Service Terminal menu 7,3. The values used in connection with statistics can be used as a basis for the performance evaluation (see the Functional Description). In jitter measurements, the signal to be measured is taken either from the front connector or the measurement point. The recommended values for jitter measurements are given in the ITU-T Recommendations G.742, G.751 and G.823.

1) Not in terminal repeaters provided with a LED transmitter. 2) Not in terminal repeaters provided with a low-power laser transmitter.

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Maintenance

3.5

Monitoring of statistics
Signal quality (8,1)
The statistics on signal quality can be read using the Service Terminal. These statistics cover the time from the resetting to the reading. The reading of the statistics does not reset the statistics. Evaluation of the results, see the Functional Description. If the local processor (CPU) of the equipment is reset, for example, because of a voltage breakdown, also the statistics are reset and the compilation of the new statistics starts from that moment. In case the CPU-reset counter has been reset at the same time as the statistics, the resetting caused by the breakdown will also be seen from the counter.

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Error counters (8,2) CPU-reset counter (8,2,2)

Displays the number of local processor resets. If the answer is > 255, the counter is full.

Received optical bit errors (8,2,3)

Displays the cumulative sum of bit errors detected in the received optical signal. If the answer is > 65535, the counter is full.

Received optical frame alignment losses (8,2,4)

Displays the number of frame alignment losses detected in the received optical signal. If the answer is > 255, the counter is full. If the error counters are full, the exact number of errors cannot be obtained.

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DF 34
34 Mbit/s OPTICAL LINE EQUIPMENT Service Menu Reference

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DF 34 Service Menu Reference

E COPYRIGHT Nokia Telecommunications Oy 1996, 1997 All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be copied, distributed, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any human or computer language without the prior written permission of Nokia Telecommunications Oy. The manufacturer has made every effort to ensure that the instructions contained in the documents are adequate and free of errors and omissions. The manufacturer will, if necessary, explain issues which may not be covered by the documents. The manufacturers liability for any errors in the documents is limited to the correction of errors and the aforementioned advisory services. The documents have been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when using them.The manufacturer welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continual development and improvement of the documentation in the best way possible from the users viewpoint. Please submit your comments to the nearest Nokia sales representative. NOKIA is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation. Any other trademarks mentioned in the documents are the property of their respective owners.

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Document History
Document DF3400395SEE1 DF3400395SEF1 Date Comment 18 June 1996 This description is valid for optical line equipment DF 34 program TS 21912 version 05A 17 Nov 1997 New menus

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Contents

Chapter 1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 2 Service menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 Fault display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Local alarm cancel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Reset local cancel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Identifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Controls (temporary) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Settings (permanent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 User privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 3
12 13 13 13 14 17 28 33 34 39 41

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General

Chapter 1 General
The operation of the DF 34 Optical Line Equipment is controlled using the Service Terminal via the service interface. With the Service Terminal, the basic equipment settings can be set into the non-volatile memory, service functions such as loopbacks can be performed, or the state and alarm data of the equipment can be read, etc. If the service interfaces are connected into a bus and the buses further into a service network by means of the data channel, all equipment connected to the bus or network can be remote-controlled from one point using the Service Terminal (or the NMS Network Management System, see the corresponding operating manuals). All the transmission management functions which can be performed with the Service Terminal are dealt with in this description. The functions are menu based and the menus have 1...4 levels. The service menus of the equipment are accessed using the Service Terminal menu Select operation.
Select operation: 1 Fault display 2 Local alarm cancel 3 Reset local cancel 4 Identifications 5 Controls (temporary) 6 Settings (permanent) 7 Measurements 8 Statistics 9 Testing 10 User privileges 11 Miscellaneous

In the following, there is first a short description of each item in this menu and then the service menus of the equipment and their use are described in detail.

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1 Fault display
Indicates the equipment name, alarm states, controls in effect, and possible faults in plain language.

2 Local alarm cancel

Removes rack alarms A and B caused by the equipment. D-alarm is obtained as a reminder of the cancellation.

3 Reset local cancel

Cancellation of the above function.

4 Identifications
Displays the equipment identifications. Some of the identifications can be changed by the user.

5 Controls (temporary)
Controls (loop-backs etc.) to be used temporarily, for example, in fault location.

6 Settings (permanent)
Settings by means of which the equipment is controlled permanently to certain operating states. They are stored in a non-volatile memory and they are not removed by power outages.

7 Measurements
Measurements performed by the equipment itself without measurement instruments.

8 Statistics
For reading and resetting the statistics compiled by the equipment.

9 Testing
Tests performed by the equipment itself.

10 User privileges
For protecting the transmission management functions of the equipment.

11 Miscellaneous
Not in use.

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Chapter 2 Service menus

The menu diagrams of the DF 34 Optical Line Equipment are illustrated on the following pages. After that, the service menus and the use of them are described in more detail. Both menus and descriptions are presented in numerical order (1...11).

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1 SERVICE TERMINAL Equipment operation mode TOP 2 3

DF34 (OK)

Done Done Identifications: 1 Eq type 2 Eq name 3 User manual 4 HW unit 6 Program 7 Modify * Controls: 1 Equipment to normal state 2 MAIN interface * 4 Forced laser control * 5 Meas. conn. signal sel. * DF34 Settings: 0 Display all 1 Service options * 2 Transmission configuration * 3 Fault consequences * 4 Alarm thresholds * 5 Calibrations * 6 Safety mode * 7 Default settings * Measurements: 1 Supply voltages * 2 Optical components * 3 BER 4 Manual measurements Statistics: 1 Signal quality * 2 Error counters * Testing: 2 Signal path test * 3 EEPROM write * 4 Memory display * 5 EPROMtest 6 RAMtest 7 EEPROMtest 8 Scrambler function * 9 Signal tests * User privileges: 1 Password for privileges * 2 PIN for privileges * 3 Cancel privileges 4 Setting parameters * Miscellaneous: Nothing here

Select operation: 1 Fault display 2 Local alarm cancel 3 Reset local cancel 4 Identifications 5 Controls (temporary) 6 Settings (permanent) 7 Measurements 8 Statistics 9 Testing 10 User privileges 11 Miscellaneous

For sublevel go to page 5

page 5

MIDDLE OFF ON

pages 6, 7, 8 and 9

Select operation: 1 Fault display 2 Local alarm cancel 3 Reset local cancel

pages 9 and 10

8
F1 MODE HELP F2 OBJ F3 TOP F4 UP >...

page 10

STO

RCL

DEF

DATA ASCII

page 11

7 D 4 A 1 EXP

8 E 5 B 2

9 F 6 C 3

INV

DEL

.
0

AUTO RET

page 11

10

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4 IDENTIFICATIONS Identifications: 1 Eq type 2 Eq name 3 User manual 4 HW unit 6 Program 7 Modify

4,7

Modify IDs: 2 Eq name 4 HW unit

4,7,2 4,7,4

ID string? 1...15 char

5 CONTROLS Controls: 1 Equipment to normal state 2 MAIN interface 4 Forced laser control 5 Meas. conn. signal sel. MAIN interface: 5,2 0 Display 1 To normal state 2 Loopback to interface 3 Loopback to equipment

Forced laser control: 0 Display 5,4 1 To normal state 2 Laser forced ON 3 Laser forced OFF 4 Manual restart

5,5

Meas. conn. signal sel.: 0 Display 1 MAIN IN signal 2 MAIN OUT signal 3 AIS frequency

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6 SETTINGS DF34 Settings: 0 Display all 1 Service options 2 Transmission configuration 3 Fault consequences 4 Alarm thresholds 5 Calibrations 6 Safety mode 7 Default settings Service options: 1 Baud rate * 2 Address * 3 Rack alarm functions * 4 Rack alarm delay * 5 PA1 function * 6 PA2 function * 7 Control timeout * 8 Data hybrid config * Transmission configuration: 1 Use of MAIN 2 Code table * 3 Transmitter type * 4 Use of data channels Consequences of: 2 Farend alarm 6,3,2
*

6,1

For sublevel go to page 7

6,2

page 8

6,3

Farend alarm consequences: 0 Display 1 A+S alarm 2 B+S alarm 3 Salarm

6,4

Alarm threshold settings: 1 BER: AIS & Aalarm * 2 BER: Balarm * 3 Laser bias * 4 Laser temperature * 6,5,1 6,5,2 6,5,3

page 9

6,5

Calibrations: 1 +5 V calibration 2 5.2 V calibration 3 +12 V calibration 5 Laser bias calibration 7 Rec. opt. power cal. 1 8 Rec. opt. power cal. 2 9 Laser power cal. Safety mode: 0 Display 1 Laser cutoff not in use 2 Laser automatic restart 3 Laser manual restart

Give measured supply voltage in mV (without sign):

6,6

6,7

Default settings: 1 Set default settings

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6,1 Service options Service options: 1 Baud rate 2 Address 3 Rack alarm functions 4 Rack alarm delay 5 PA1 function 6 PA2 function 7 Control timeout 8 Data hybrid config 6,1,1 Baud rate: 0 Display 75...9600 Address: 0 Display 1 Modify Rack alarm functions: 0 Display 1 Normal 2 Alarms inhibited 3 A replaced by B Rack alarm delay: 0 Display 1 Modify PA1 function: 0 Display 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 S 5 A&S 6 A+B 7 A+B+S 8 Rec. opt. signal degraded 9 Rec. opt. signal severely degraded PA2 function: 0 Display 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 S 5 A&S 6 A+B 7 A+B+S 6,1,4,1 Delay? 0...15 s 6,1,2,1 Address? 0...4095

6,1,2

6,1,3

6,1,4

6,1,5

6,1,6

6,1,7 Control timeout: 0 Display 1...65000 min 6,1,8 Data hybrid config: 0 Display 1 Set ON 2 Set OFF

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6,2 Transmission configuration

Use of MAIN ch. directions: 6,2,1 0 Display 1 Set MAIN to opt. in use 2 Set MAIN to opt out of use 3 Set opt. to MAIN in use 4 Set opt. to MAIN out of use Transmission configuration: 1 Use of MAIN 2 Code table 3 Transmitter type 4 Use of data channels Code table: 0 Display 1 Normal code table 6,2,2 (twofibre system) 2 A/B code (onefibre system) 3 B/A code (onefibre system) Transmitter type: 0 Display 1 SM laser out. pow. 3 dBm 2 SM LP laser out. pow. 12 dBm 3 MM laser out.pow. 6,2,3 0 dBm 4 SM laser out. pow. 4.5 dBm 5 LED 6 SM laser out. pow. 6 dBm 7 SM laser out. pow. + 4 dBm Use of data channels: 0 Display 6,2,4 1 Set data ch. in use 2 Set data ch. out of use

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6,4 Alarm thresholds

Alarm threshold settings: 1 BER: AIS & Aalarm 2 BER: Balarm 3 Laser bias 4 Laser temperature

6,4,1

BER: AIS & Aalarm 0 Display 1 E3 2 E4 BER: Balarm 0 Display 1 E5 2 E6 Laser bias current: 0 Display 1 Modify 6,4,3,1 Give current increase in %: 20...200 for alarm 0: alarm not in use Give thresh. 6,4,4,1 in Celsius: 35...45 for alarm 0: alarm not in use

6,4,2

6,4,3

6,4,4

Laser temperature: 0 Display 1 Modify

7 MEASUREMENTS Measurements: 1 Supply voltages 2 Optical components 3 BER 4 Manual measurements Supply voltages: 1 +5 V 2 5.2 V 3 +12 V (5 NMSanswer) (6 NMSanswer) (7 NMSanswer) Optical components: 1 Laser bias 2 Laser temperature 3 Rec. optical power 4 Laser power Manual measurements: 0 Display 1 Optical output power 2 Rec. optical power 3 Laser bias current 4 Other measurement For sublevel go to

7,1

7,2

page 10

7,4

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7,4 Manual measurements Manual measurements: 0 Display 1 Optical output power 2 Rec. optical power 3 Laser bias current 4 Other measurement 7,4,1 7,4,2 Give measured value in dBm (1...5 characters):

7,4,3 Give measured value in mA (1...3 characters):

Other measurement: 7,4,4 1 Required measurement 2 Measurement value 3 Unit of measurement value

7,4,4,1 Give choice of measurement (1...9 characters): 7,4,4,2 Give measured value (1...5 characters): 7,4,4,3 Give unit of meas. value (1...3 characters):

8 STATISTICS Statistics: 1 Signal quality 2 Error counters Signal quality: 0 Display signal quality 1 Reset statistics (2 NMSanswer)

8,1

8,2

Error counters: 1 Reset error counters 2 Display CPUreset counter 3 Display rec. opt. bit errors 4 Display rec. opt. fral. losses

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9 TESTING Testing: 2 Signal path test 3 EEPROM write 4 Memory display 5 EPROMtest 6 RAMtest 7 EEPROMtest 8 Scrambler function 9 Signal tests Signal path test: External loops needed 0 Display 1 To normal state 2 Test configuration ON 3 Display test result Give address: (0...125) Give memory address: Scrambler function: 0 Display 1 To normal state 2 Scrambler OFF Signal tests: 1 To normal state 2 Opt. interface test ON 3 MAIN interface test ON 4 Test data = 0 5 Test data = 1 6 Display test result Give value: (0...255)

9,2

9,3 9,4

9,8

9,9

10 USER PRIVILEGES User privileges: 1 Password for privileges 2 PIN for privileges 3 Cancel privileges 4 Setting parameters 10,1 Give password: 1...7 char Ground local PIN Setting parameters: 1 Timeout 2 Protections 3 Password 10,4,1 Timeout: 0 Display 1...1000 min Protections: 0 Display 10,4,2 1 No protections 2 Password required 3 Local PIN required 10,4,3 Give password: 1...7 char

10,2

10,3

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Fault display
(eq. name and alarm states) (state and fault messages)

Example: *DF34 ABC (AS) Opt. interf.: frame alignment lost MAIN interf.: loop to interface

Possible state or fault messages: *DF34 ABC (OK) or *DF34 ABC (A) or *DF34 ABC (AS) etc.

Optical interface:
no incoming line sig. frame alignment lost BER > E3 BER > E4 BER > E5 BER > E6 far-end alarm laser bias out of range laser power out of range laser temp. out of range forced control on forced laser cut-off test mode

MAIN interface:
no incoming 34M sig. loop to interface loop to equipment test mode

Control block:
memory fault eq. reset (via NMS only)

Repeater FEA:
far-end alarm

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Local alarm cancel

After the cancellation of local alarms the following answer is obtained:

Done

Reset local cancel

After the resetting of local cancel the following answer is obtained:

Done

Identifications
Identifications: 1 Eq type 2 Eq name 3 User manual 4 HW unit 6 Program 7 Modify

Menu items 1...6 give the identification or data concerned as the answer. Through item 7 some of the identifications can be altered.

4,1 Equipment type

Fixed.
DF34

4,2 Equipment name

The symbolic name given to the equipment by the user. It can be used, for example, in service network management. This identification is shown in the Fault display answer. Example:
DF34 Hels86

4,3 User manual

The document number of the equipment- and program-specific description Service Menu Reference. Fixed. Example:
DF3400395SEF

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4,4 HW unit
Equipment (unit) product code and version. Set at the factory but can be changed in connection with repair, for example. Example:
TA 21532 01A

4,6 Program
Product code and version of the equipment local processor program. Fixed. Example:
TS 21912 07A

4,7 Modify
Modify IDs: 2 Eq name 4 HW unit

Below both items there is the menu:

ID string? 1...15 char

The text is given in ASCII characters (see the Operating Handbook for the Service Terminal).

Controls (temporary)
Controls: 1 Equipment to normal state 2 MAIN interface 4 Forced laser control 5 Meas. conn. signal sel.

The controls affecting the operation of the equipment. The controls are not permanent; they are removed after the set time has passed from the latest control option, excluding option 5,5 Measurement connector signal selection. (See Settings/Control timeout). If protection ( password, for example) is in use and the user does not have rights to use the equipment, an attempt to change the controls gives the answer:
Missing rights

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5,1 Equipment to normal state

Removes all the controls from the equipment and connects the default signal (MAIN OUT) to the measurement point. Permanent settings are not affected. Also returns the equipment from the test state into normal state in connection with the tests under options 9,2 and 9,9 (i.e. this option has the same effect on the tests as options 9,2,1 and 9,9,1).

5,2 MAIN interface

The main channel interface can be controlled to different states.
MAIN interface: 0 Display 1 To normal state 2 Loopback to interface 3 Loopback to equipment

5,2,0 Display
Display of the selected control. The answers:
Normal state

Loop to interface

Loop to equipment

5,2,1 To normal state

Removes the loop-backs.

5,2,2 Loop-back to interface

The signal fed to the main channel interface comes out from the same interface. Instead of the signal, the AIS is transmitted to the optical line.

5,2,3 Loop-back to equipment

The signal coming from inside the equipment is connected back; the AIS comes out from the interface.

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5,4 Forced laser control

Forced laser control: 0 Display 1 To normal state 2 Laser forced ON 3 Laser forced OFF 4 Manual restart

The laser transmitter can be force-controlled ON or OFF. The terminal repeaters provided with a LED transmitter do not feature this forced control. They respond to the following items with the text:
Not for LED

5,4,0 Display
Displays the selected laser transmitter force-control. The answers:
Normal state

Laser forced ON

Laser forced OFF

5,4,1 To normal state

Laser transmitter control to normal state.

5,4,2 Laser forced ON

Laser transmitter force-controlled ON.

5,4,3 Laser forced OFF

Laser transmitter force-controlled OFF.

5,4,4 Manual restart

Safety mode 6,6,3 Laser manual restart must have been selected previously. Turns the laser transmitter on for approx. 1 s. If the receiver detects an optical signal, the transmitter remains on, if no signal is detected the laser is cut off.

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5,5 Measurement connector signal selection

The selection of the signal to be connected to the measurement point (MP) of the equipment. (Default selection MAIN OUT signal).
Meas. conn. signal sel.: 0 Display 1 MAIN IN signal 2 MAIN OUT signal 3 AIS frequency

Option 0 displays the current selection.

Settings (permanent)
DF34 Settings: 0 Display all 1 Service options 2 Transmission configuration 3 Fault consequences 4 Alarm thresholds 5 Calibrations 6 Safety mode 7 Default settings

If protection (password, for example) is in use and the user does not have rights to use the equipment, an attempt to change the settings gives the answer:
Missing rights

6,0 Display all

All settings of DF34: Baud rate: 9600 Address: 12 Rack alarms: Normal

etc.

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6,1 Service options

Service options: 1 Baud rate 2 Address 3 Rack alarm functions 4 Rack alarm delay 5 PA1 function 6 PA2 function 7 Control timeout 8 Data hybrid config

Provides a list of the states of all the settings under item 6.

6,1,1 Baud rate

The speed of the traffic between the Service Terminal and the equipment is set. (Factory setting 9600).
Baud rate: 0 Display 75...9600

Only the rates 75, 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800 and 9600 bit/s can be chosen. The answer to option 0 is the selected baud rate, for example 9600.

6,1,2 Address
An individual address is set for the equipment so that the equipment can be used in the bus, from any point of which all the equipment connected to it can be accessed. (Factory setting 4095).
Address: 0 Display 1 Modify

Option 0 shows the current address. By option 1 the desired address (0...4095) can be set:
Address? 0...4095

Note
D D D

The common address 4095 must not be set if the equipment is connected to a TMS bus. The address 4094 has been reserved for PC-TMC/STE use (general address for the PC interface unit). The address 0 has been reserved for PC-TMC/STE use (default address for the PC interface unit).

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6,1,3 Rack alarm functions

The rack alarm function is selected: normal, alarms inhibited or alarm A replaced
by B. (Factory setting Normal).
Rack alarm functions: 0 Display 1 Normal 2 Alarms inhibited 3 A replaced by B

The answer to option 0 is one of the menu texts.

6,1,4 Rack alarm delay

The setting of the time from the beginning of an alarm to the moment when the rack alarm lamp is lit. (Factory setting 1 s).
Rack alarm delay: 0 Display 1 Modify

Option 0 shows the set alarm delay. Through option 1 the desired alarm delay (0...15 s) can be set:
Delay? 0...15 s

6,1,5 PA1 function

The function of the programmable alarm output PA1 is set. The output is activated when an alarm corresponding to this option or a power supply fault emerges in the equipment. The output is used, for example, to control a change-over equipment in a protected system. (Factory setting Alarm A activates the output).
PA1 function: 0 Display 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 S 5 A&S 6 A+B 7 A+B+S 8 Rec. opt. signal degraded 9 Rec. opt. signal severely degraded

The answer to option 0 is one of the menu texts.

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Option 8 Received optical signal degraded or option 9 Received optical signal severely degraded is typically selected when the user wants that only faults in the received optical signal cause a change-over. The received optical signal is severely degraded (option 9) in the following situations:
D D D

when the received optical signal is missing (Fault message: No incoming line signal) when the frame alignment is lost when the bit error rate of the received optical signal is worse than the A-alarm threshold which can be set to E3 or to E4 by option 6,4,1 BER: AIS & Aalarm

D D D

When the signal path test (option 9,2) or signal test (option 9,9,2 or 9,9,3) is ON. When a loop-back to interface or to equipment is performed (option 5,2,2 or 5,2,3). When the transmission direction from the optical to the electrical MAIN interface is out of use (option 6,2,1,4).

In addition to the above-mentioned situations, the received optical signal is also degraded (option 8) when the bit error rate of the received optical signal is worse than the B-alarm threshold which can be set to E5 or E6 by option 6,4,2 BER: B-alarm.

6,1,6 PA2 function

The function of the programmable alarm output PA2 is set. The output is activated when an alarm corresponding to this option emerges in the equipment. (Factory setting Alarm B activates the output).
PA2 function: 0 Display 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 S 5 A&S 6 A+B 7 A+B+S

The answer to option 0 is one of the menu texts.

6,1,7 Control timeout

The time during which the controls (temporary) are active without refreshing is selected. (Has no effect on Measurement connector signal selection). (Factory setting 10 min).

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Control timeout: 0 Display 1...65000 min

Option 0 shows the set timeout. By entering 1...65000 the desired timeout can be set (in minutes).

6,1,8 Data hybrid configuration

Selection is made whether the connection between the service interface MI and data interface DI is switched ON or OFF. (Factory setting OFF).
Data hybrid config: 0 Display 1 Set ON 2 Set OFF

The answer to option 0 is: ON (option 1 selected) or OFF (option 2 selected).

6,2 Transmission configuration

This menu is used for setting the main channel and data channels in use or out of use. It is also used for setting the code tables to correspond to the system in use, and for setting the type of the optical transmitter.
Transmission configuration: 1 Use of MAIN 2 Code table 3 Transmitter type 4 Use of data channels

6,2,1 Use of MAIN

Use of MAIN ch. directions: 0 Display 1 Set MAIN to opt. in use 2 Set MAIN to opt. out of use 3 Set opt. to MAIN in use 4 Set opt. to MAIN out of use

Both transmission directions of the main channel can separately be set either in use or out of use. (Factory setting MAIN to opt. in use and Opt. to MAIN in use). The answer to option 0 is, for example:
Main to opt in use Opt. to MAIN out of use

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6,2,2 Code table

Code table: 0 Display 1 Normal code table (twofibre system) 2 A/B code (onefibre system) 3 B/A code (onefibre system)

The code table is selected according to the fibre system used: one-fibre or twofibre system. (Factory setting Normal code table (two-fibre system). Option 0 shows the set code table:
Normal code table

A/B code

B/A code

By option 1 the normal code table is set in use in a two-fibre system. For bidirectional transmission in a one-fibre system the A/B code is set in use in the terminal at one end of the line section by selecting option 2 and the B/A code in the terminal at the other end by selecting option 3.

6,2,3 Transmitter type

Transmitter type: 0 Display 1 SM laser out. pow. 3 dBm 2 SM LP laser out. pow. 12 dBm 3 MM laser out.pow. 0 dBm 4 SM laser out. pow. 4.5 dBm 5 LED 6 SM laser out. pow. 6 dBm 7 SM laser out. pow. +4 dBm

The type of the optical transmitter is set. The setting is done at the factory and the factory setting must not be changed. Therefore, options 6,2,3,1...7 are protected so that their use requires the connection of strapping HWC in the terminal repeater. If the strapping has not been connected and an attempt is made to change these settings, the answer will be:
Not available in normal use

Option 0 shows the type of the optical transmitter.

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6,2,4 Use of data channels

Use of data channels: 0 Display 1 Set data ch. in use 2 Set data ch. out of use

The data channels are set either in use or out of use. (Factory setting Data channels in use).

6,3 Fault consequences

Consequences of: 2 Farend alarm

6,3,2 Consequences of far-end alarm

The desired alarm alternative in far-end alarm situations is selected. (Factory setting S-alarm).
Farend alarm consequences: 0 Display 1 A+S alarm 2 B+S alarm 3 Salarm

The answer to option 0 is one of the menu texts.

6,4 Alarm thresholds

The alarm thresholds for the bit error rate, laser bias current, and laser temperature alarms are set. In addition, laser bias current and temperature alarms can be set out of use.
Alarm threshold settings: 1 BER: AIS & Aalarm 2 BER: Balarm 3 Laser bias 4 Laser temperature

6,4,1 BER: AIS & A-alarm

BER: AIS & Aalarm 0 Display 1 E3 2 E4

This menu is used for selecting the bit error rate at which the AIS will be connected in the place of the signal and A-alarm be given. (Factory setting E3).

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Option 0 displays the set threshold value. By options 1 and 2 the desired value (E3 or E4) can be set.

6,4,2 BER: B-alarm

BER: Balarm 0 Display 1 E5 2 E6

The bit error rate at which B-alarm will be given is selected. (Factory setting E6). Option 0 displays the set threshold value. By options 1 and 2 the desired value (E5 or E6) can be set.

6,4,3 Laser bias

Sets a threshold for the laser transmitter bias current alarm or the alarm is set out of use. (Factory setting 50%).
Laser bias current: 0 Display 1 Modify

The terminal repeaters provided with a low-power laser or LED transmitter do not feature the bias current alarm. They respond to this item with the text:
Not for low-power laser

Not for LED

If the bias current alarm has been set out of use, the answer will be:
Bias alarm not in use

Option 0 displays the set threshold value. Example:

Threshold for bias alarm: 50%

By option 1 the desired threshold value (20...200%) can be set or the alarm can be set out of use by entering 0:
Give current increase in %: 20...200 for alarm 0: alarm not in use

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The alarm threshold is set by giving the permissible percentual increase for the calibrated initial bias current value. Therefore the proper functioning of the alarm requires, that the laser bias has been calibrated. If calibration has not been performed, the answer will be:
Laser bias not calibrated

Example: If the initial bias current value is 20 mA and the threshold is set to 100%, a laser bias current alarm is given when the bias current exceeds 40 mA. If the bias current alarm threshold exceeds the maximum value for the bias current, the answer will be:
Max. bias current for alarm exceeded

This fault condition may also be caused by incorrect calibration of the bias current.

6,4,4 Laser temperature

Sets a threshold for the laser transmitter temperature alarm or the alarm is set out of use. (Factory setting 40_C).
Laser temperature: 0 Display 1 Modify

The terminal repeaters provided with a low-power laser or LED transmitter do not feature the temperature alarm. They respond to this item with the text:
Not for low-power laser

Not for LED

If the laser temperature alarm has been set out of use, the answer will be:
Temperature alarm not in use

Option 0 displays the set threshold. Example:

Laser temp. threshold: 40 Celsius

By option 1 the desired threshold value (35...45_C) can be set or the alarm can be set out of use by entering 0:
Give thresh. in Celsius: 35...45 for alarm 0: alarm not in use

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6,5 Calibrations
Calibrations: 1 +5 V calibration 2 5.2 V calibration 3 +12 V calibration 5 Laser bias calibration 7 Rec. opt. power cal. 1 8 Rec. opt. power cal. 2 9 Laser power cal.

Calibration settings are only required in connection with equipment repair. The settings are protected so that their use requires the connection of strapping HWC in the terminal repeater. If the strapping has not been connected and an attempt is made to change these settings, the answer will be:
Not available in normal use

Through options 1...3 calibration values are set by means of which the accuracy of the voltage measurement is determined. They reveal the text:
Give measured supply voltage in mV (without sign):

Through options 5...9 values related to optical quantities are calibrated. Optical measurement equipment is needed in order to perform these calibrations.

6,6 Safety mode

The operating mode of the automatic cut-off and restart of the laser transmitter in case the incoming optical signal is missing is selected. (Factory setting Laser cutoff not in use).
Safety mode: 0 Display 1 Laser cutoff not in use 2 Laser automatic restart 3 Laser manual restart

Option 0 displays the set operating mode. Through options 1...3 the desired operating mode in case the incoming optical signal is missing is set:
D D

option 1 option 2

the laser transmitter is not cut off the laser transmitter is cut off but it restarts automatically when it has received the optical signal

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option 3

the laser transmitter is cut off and it can be restarted only manually. When restarting the laser manually, the laser transmitter at either end of the system must be started by selecting the Laser Manual Restart (5,4,4).

The terminal repeaters provided with a LED transmitter do not feature these safety mode settings. They respond to the above items with the text:
Not for LED

6,7 Default settings

Default settings: 1 Set default settings

Sets the default setting (factory setting) to all other setting options except Baud rate, Address, Calibrations, Transmitter type, Transmission bit rate and Code table. It also resets the EEPROM correction counter (see 9,7 EEPROM-test).

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Measurements
Measurements: 1 Supply voltages 2 Optical components 3 BER 4 Manual measurements

Options 1, 2 and 3 are measurements performed by the equipment itself. Option 4 is for storing values measured manually by the user.

7,1 Supply voltages

Supply voltages: 1 +5 V 2 5.1 V 3 +12 V (5 NMSanswer) (6 NMSanswer) (7 NMSanswer)

The answer to option 1 (an example):

Voltage meas. (+5V): +5.0V

+5.0 V is the measured voltage value. The answer to option 2 (an example):
Voltage meas. (5.2V): 5.3V

The answer to option 3 (an example):

Voltage meas. (+12V): +12.0V

In the answers the voltage values are given to one decimal places. The NMS-answers are numeric answers for the network management system (NMS). Here the NMS-answers are the above-mentioned voltage values as floating point numbers (option 5: +5 V, option 6: 5.2 V, option 7: +12 V).

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7,2 Optical components

Optical components: 1 Laser bias 2 Laser temperature 3 Rec. optical power 4 Laser power

Option 1 displays the measured laser transmitter bias current value and also the initial value in the case of all the other terminal repeaters provided with a laser transmitter except for those equipped with a low-power laser transmitter. Example:
Laser bias: initial value: 32 mA now: 38 mA

If the laser bias current has not been calibrated, the answer will be:
Laser bias not calibrated

The terminal repeaters provided with a LED transmitter do not feature the bias current measurement. They respond to this item with the text:
Not for LED

Option 2 displays the measured laser transmitter temperature. Examples:

Laser temperature: 25 Celsius

Laser temperature: > 50 Celsius

The terminal repeaters provided with a low-power laser or LED transmitter do not feature the temperature measurement. They respond to this item with the text:
Not for low-power laser

Not for LED

Option 3 displays the measured value of the received optical power. The response is displayed with 1 dB resolution. Example:
Rec. optical power: 32 dBm

If the received optical power has not been calibrated, the answer will be:
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Rec. opt. power not calibrated

Option 4 displays the measured value of the laser transmitter output power. The response is displayed with 0.5 dB resolution. Examples:
Laser power: 3.0 dBm

Laser power: < 6.0 dBm

If the output power has not been calibrated, the answer will be:
Laser power not calibrated

The terminal repeaters provided with a LED transmitter do not feature the ouput power measurement. They respond to this item with the text:
Not for LED

7,3 BER
Displays the measured bit error rate. Measurement time is one second. Examples of the answers:
BER(1 sec): 0.0E+0

BER(1 sec): 1.3E7

BER(1 sec): >4.5E3

Sync. loss in last second

No signal in last second

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7,4 Manual measurements

Manual measurements: 0 Display 1 Optical output power 2 Rec. optical power 3 Laser bias current 4 Other measurement

Because the manually measured values are usually stored only at the commissioning stage, options 1...4 are protected so that their use requires the connection of the strapping HWP in the control unit. If the strapping has not been connected and an attempt is made to change these values, the answer will be:
Not available in normal use

7,4,0 Display
Option 0 shows all the values of the manual measurements at the same time. An example of the manual measurements:
Manual meas. values: Opt. out. pow: 3 dBm Rec. opt. pow: 6.2 dBm Laser bias: 20 mA Temperat.: 40.5 Cel

7,4,1 Optical output power

By option 1 the user can store the manually measured value of the optical output power in dBm:
Give measured value in dBm (1...5 characters):

7,4,2 Received optical power

By option 2 the user can store the manually measured value of the received optical power in dBm:
Give measured value in dBm (1...5 characters):

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7,4,3 Laser bias current

By option 3 the user can store the value of the laser bias current in mA:
Give measured value in mA (1...3 characters):

7,4,4 Other measurement

By option 4 the user can give his own choice of measurement, the measured value and the unit for it.
Other measurement: 1 Required measurement 2 Measurement value 3 Unit of measurement value

By option 1 the user can define his own choice of measurement. The text is given in ASCII characters (see the Operating Handbook of the Service Terminal):
Give choice of measurement (1...9 characters):

The measured value of the required measurement is given by option 2:

Give measured value (1...5 characters):

The unit of the required measurement is given in ASCII characters by option 3:

Give unit of meas. value (1...3 characters):

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Statistics
Statistics: 1 Signal quality 2 Error counters

Statistics and counters maintained by the equipment itself.

8,1 Signal quality

Signal quality: 0 Display signal quality 1 Reset statistics (2 NMSanswer)

The answer to option 0 is the entire statistics. An example of the statistics:

Signal quality: Total time: 0dd 16hh 10mm 45 ss Available time: 0dd 16hh 10mm 4ss Errored seconds: 76 BER>E3 seconds: 6 Degraded minutes: 12 S(unav)/S(tot): 0.071% M(degr)/M(ava): 1.24% S(sev)/S(ava): 0.010% S(err)/S(ava): 0.131%

Option 1 resets the statistics and restarts the compilation. Option 2, NMSanswer gives the values of the statistics counters as floating point numbers. With a network management system (NMS) the desired statistics can be calculated based on these numbers. The numbers given are: total time, available time, errored seconds, BER>E3 seconds and degraded minutes. All the times are in seconds.

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8,2 Error counters

Error counters: 1 Reset error counters 2 Display CPUreset counter 3 Display rec. opt. bit errors 4 Display rec. opt. fral. losses

Option 1 resets the counters and restarts the counting. Other options give as an answer the number of the events detected during measurement. Option 2 displays the number of processor resets. If the answer is >255, the counter is full. Option 3 displays the cumulative sum of bit errors detected in the received optical signal. If the answer is >65535, the counter is full. Option 4 displays the number of frame alignment losses detected in the received optical signal. If the answer is >255, the counter is full.

Testing
Testing: 2 Signal path test 3 EEPROM write 4 Memory display 5 EPROMtest 6 RAMtest 7 EEPROMtest 8 Scrambler function 9 Signal tests

Contains the tests performed by the equipment itself and the facility to write into the EEPROM memory.

9,2 Signal path test

Test for checking the condition of the internal signal paths of the equipment. The main channel interface and the optical interface have to be looped by means of external cables. Before running the test, check that both the options Set MAIN to opt. in use (6,2,1,1) and Set opt. to MAIN in use (6,2,1,3) have been selected in use.
Signal path test: External loops needed 0 Display 1 To normal state 2 Test configuration ON 3 Display test result

Option 0 displays whether the equipment is in normal state or test state. Answers:
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Normal state

Test state

Option 1 returns the equipment from test state into normal state. If the test is not interrupted by this command, it will be on for the time defined under the item Settings/Control timeout. Option 2 starts the test. However, the test will not start up if the laser transmitter is force-controlled off (see 5,4,3). The answer obtained will be:
Laser forced OFF

Option 3 displays the test result. Answers:

Passed

Failed

If the answer to the test is Failed, the equipment is faulty and it should be replaced by a functioning one. The result can only be read while the test is running (9,2,2). Otherwise this item will respond:
Test not ON

9,3 EEPROM write

Through this item data can be written into the EEPROM memory of the equipment. The function can be used for testing purposes in equipment repair. As this function is only required in connection with equipment repair, it is protected so that its use requires the connection of strapping HWC in the terminal repeater. If the strapping has not been connected and an attempt is made to use this function, the answer will be:
Not available in normal use

After option 9,3 has been selected, the equipment prompts for the address of the storage location:
Give address: (0...170)

When the address has been given, the equipment prompts for the value to be stored into the storage location:

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Give value: (0...255)

A sheet including the address data and stored initial values is delivered together with each equipment.

9,4 Memory display

Give memory address:

Displays the contents of the given address and seven subsequent addresses. The function can be used for testing purposes in equipment repair.

9,5 EPROM-test
Displays the result of the continuously running program memory test (EPROM) at that moment. The answer can be:
OK

EPROM failed

9,6 RAM-test
Displays the result of the continuously running read-write memory test at that moment. The answer can be:
OK

Int. RAM failed

Ext. RAM failed

Int. and Ext. RAMs failed

9,7 EEPROM-test
The data on settings and identifications are stored in three copies in the EEPROM. The program continuously compares these copies of data and if one deviates from the others, it is automatically corrected to be the same as the others. The corrections are counted by a special counter and if the number exceeds 10000, the answer of the test will be:

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Too many corrections in EEPROM

If the correction does not succeed, i.e. the data will not remain in storage, the answer of the test will be:
EEPROM failed

If the correction succeeds, the answer will be:

OK

9,8 Scrambler function

The scrambler can be controlled ON or OFF. These functions are only required in connection with equipment repair. The functions are protected so that their use requires the connection of the strapping HWC in the terminal repeater. If the strapping is not connected, the answer will be:
Not available in normal use

Scrambler function: 0 Display 1 To normal state 2 Scrambler OFF

Option 0 displays whether the scrambler is switched ON, i.e. in normal state, or switched OFF. Answers:
ON

OFF

By option 1 the scrambler can be returned to normal state (ON) and by option 2 it can be switched OFF.

9,9 Signal tests

The optical interface and the main channel interface can separately be tested by test data 0 and test data 1. These functions are only required in connection with equipment repair. The functions are protected so that their use requires the connection of the strapping HWC of the terminal repeater. If the strapping is not connected, the answer will be:
Not available in normal use

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Signal tests: 1 To normal state 2 Opt. interface test ON 3 MAIN interface test ON 4 Test data = 0 5 Test data = 1 6 Display test result

Option 1 returns the equipment from the test state to the normal state. Option 2 starts the test at the optical interface and option 3 at the main channel interface. However, the test at the optical interface (9,9,2) will not start up if the laser transmitter is force-controlled off (see 5,4,3). The answer obtained will be:
Laser forced OFF

By options 4 and 5 either 0 or 1 is set as test data. Option 6 displays the test result. Answers:
Passed (test data=0)

Passed (test data=1)

Failed (test data=0)

Failed (test data=1)

The result can only be read while the test is running (9,9,2 or 9,9,3). Otherwise this item will respond:
Test not ON

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10 User privileges
User privileges: 1 Password for privileges 2 PIN for privileges 3 Cancel privileges 4 Setting parameters

10,1 Password for privileges

When the password is known and one wishes to change protected functions, the password can be given here whereupon the protection is removed for the set period of time. The equipment prompts:
Give password: 1...7 char

Write, for example:

pass123

10,2 PIN for privileges

When the PIN signal is used for removing the protection, the pin PIN of the terminal repeater front connector P1 has to be grounded. Connect the PIN to ground momentarily when the equipment prompts:
Ground local PIN

This method can always be used even though also a password were in use (or if it has been forgotten).

10,3 Cancel privileges

The privileges are in effect during the entire monitoring time if they are not cancelled with this command, for example, when maintenance is finished.

10,4 Setting parameters

Setting parameters: 1 Timeout 2 Protections 3 Password

The settings of the protection parameters. These settings are permanent.

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10,4,1 Timeout
The privileges obtained with the password or PIN signal are in effect for the set monitoring time. The time can be selected to be between 1...1000 min. (Factory setting 10 min).
Timeout: 0 Display 1...1000 min

The answer to option 0 is the figure 1...1000.

10,4,2 Protections
The protection state of the equipment can be set. (Factory setting No protections).
Protections: 0 Display 1 No protections 2 Password required 3 Local PIN required

The answer to option 0 is one of the menu texts.

10,4,2,1 No protections
This option removes the protections in which case no password or PIN signal connection is required for making controls and settings.

10,4,2,2 Password required

This option causes that the next time when a connection is established to the equipment the password has to be known or PIN signal has to be used if one wishes to change settings or make controls. The option requires that a password has been set for the equipment, see 10,4,3.

10,4,2,3 Local PIN required

If this option has been selected, the settings and controls cannot be changed with any other means except by connecting PIN to ground (see 10,2).

10,4,3 Password
Here a password can be set which has to be known later if one wishes to change the settings or controls. The equipment prompts:
Give password: 1...7 char

Write here, for example:

pass123

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11 Miscellaneous
In the DF 34 this item contains nothing. The answer is:
Nothing here

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