DAR ES SALAAM UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (DUCE) FACULTY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF CURRICULLUM AND TEACHING CT-104 CLASSROOM INTERACTION
AND RESEARCH. GROUP SIX SEMINAR PRESENTATION QUESTION Seminar Leader: Mr. Nzilano MEMBERS s/n 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. FULL NAME
MWIPOPO EDINA F. ALLY BAHATI ZEHRA OZDEMIR MARIJANI CHRISTOPHER MOHAMED MWACHEGE ISSAH HAMIDA OSIAH MOYO DUYGU BOFYIGIT JUMA MWAJABU
REGISTRATION NO 2010-04-03605 2010-04-04143 2010-04-07176 2010-04-06996 2010-04-01474 2010-04-04561 2010-04-05133 2010-04-07177 2010-04-04525 2010-04-007175 2010-04-00204
PROGRAME BED BED BED BED BED BED BED BED BED BED BED
10. BETUL TASDEMIR 11. YESAYA SADICK
QUESTION: NO SIX QN Discuss coping strategies of students with extreme misbehavior problems in the classroom?
FRAME WORK
INTRODUCTION -Definition of classroom -Brief history of school and types of classrooms -Definition of misbehavior and examples of misbehavior
BODY -Causes of extreme misbehavior in the classroom -Strategies of coping with students with extreme misbehavior problems in the classroom
CONCLUSION
Classroom is the room where teaching and learning process takes place .Marland, M. (1975). Said its in the classroom where interchange takes place between the teacher and students which may result to the success or failure of the school. Therefore classroom should be managed properly especially the students behavior. Historically the ideal of grouping students started since 7 th-9th century BC, while recently classes are categorized into: situated classroom, lecture hall, tradition classroom and laboratory classroom for example physics laboratory. All of these require to be managed properly for effective teaching and learning especially on the aspect of students misbehavior. Misbehavior according to (Macmillan English Dictionary 2007, p 957) is a noun which means bad behavior or behavior that offends others. Examples of some misbehavior are; absenteeism and truants, tardiness means being late to enter in the classroom, violence in the classroom such as bullying, fighting and noises, sleeping, status show off like economic status and lastly bad dressing style to both boys and girls such as sagging and short skirt. The causes of much misbehavior acted in the classrooms are directly linked to the events happening outside the school itself (research study by school matter, 2006).Thus the causes of classroom misbehavior are as follows:Family background, can lead to students extreme misbehavior because of inherited genetical problems and other bad behavior such as mental disorders; alcoholism; criminality and large family size, (Robertson, 1989). Environmental factors, which involves both home and school environment. Environment shapes peoples behaviors either positively or negatively .Negatively environment causes misbehavior apart from genetically inherited behaviors. When growing up a child may be influenced and be shaped to have certain bad behavior because of imitating the bad things such as Fighting and violence, drugs, alcoholism and smocking of cigarettes or marijuana when they grow-up in streets like Manzese in Dar es salaam. Not only that but also school surroundings especially when the school is surrounded by bars, guest houses, bus stand and other naughty issues may lead to extreme misbehaviors to students. Psychological factors, according to school matters (2006) trauma or stress related experience such as death or bereavement, parents divorce, rape, sexual abuse and bullying may results to withdraw behavior and absenteeism. In connection to the above, the temperamental factors (chess & Birch, 1968 as cited from Robertson, p, 79) which are personal traits can also cause problem of ant -
schooling attitude; malicious teasing and other extreme misbehavior in the classrooms. Teachers problems; sometimes teachers are the source of students misbehaviors in the classroom due to poor preparation of the subject matter to be taught, poor teaching skills and strategies, lack of classroom management skills, undignified dressing style, teacher-student love relationship, alcoholism problem and lack of conflict solving skills thus a teacher must be role model to his students. Peers pressure is another factor which result to extreme misbehavior (Robertson p,84) especially when student want to maintain relationship and social connection with certain group having a bad behaviors such as alcoholism and drugs and noises hence leading to the extreme misbehaviors in the classroom. Apart from the causes of such misbehaviors, teachers in responding to these misbehaviors can take the following course of action focusing on; aversive or use of unpleasant stimulus; attempt to ignore (Webber, p.44); and attempt to make student understand problem which involve counseling, (Robertson, chapter 6).Thus in coping with students extreme misbehavior in the classes, the following strategies can be applied;Firstly, setting the classroom procedures and rules. Marland, (1975; p. 24) argues that as a teacher you must create conducive atmosphere, which will help you to cope with extreme misbehaviors. It may involve desk arrangement chart; blackboard cleaning; attendance checking; questioning and answering rules such as hand rising to seek permission; class door name tag and general cleanness and maintenance procedures. All of these if well stipulated, will help to impact routine procedure for students to follow in the classroom hence control the misbehaving students. Secondly, use of punishments and reinforcements is another coping strategy; it involves use of aversive stimulus to undesirable behavior and pleasant stimulus desirable behavior. Skinner, (as cited in Buskist, 2000) said most behaviors are acquired through organisms interaction with reinforcement and punishing events in his environment which he called shaping. However teachers must avoid use of corporal punishment, rather teacher can use nuisance and frustration as well as guilt and embarrassment such as extra work and stand up. Thirdly, use of extra-curricula activities, such as debate, group discussion, and lesson clubs such as English clubs especially during the afternoon hours. When students come from lunch they tend to sleep because of metabolic activity thus use of these activities will solve the problem of sleeping. Research study (Morgan, 1998; and Beacham, 1980) in USA found that over 60% of high school drop-out w
4
were not involved in any extra curricula activities during their high school years. This was also relevant to primary schools.
Fourthly, investing in the emotional support services including establishment of counseling units in schools. It may involve employing the counselors to counsel and guide students especially those at adolescent stage which will help to solve those extreme misbehaviors. According to (Buskist, 2000) it is in adolescence stage when a child tries adult social skills with their peers. Those misbehavior are drinking alcohol, smoking tobacco, taking drugs, sexual relationship and bullying , which Buskist (2000.p.513) defines as an aggressive behavior that cause injury or distress, it can be physical bullying for boys and psychological bullying by girls. Fifthly, the use of both non-verbal intervention and verbal intervention are very strong strategies to deal with extreme misbehavior happening while you continue with teaching process. It involves proximity, prompt touch, and use of signals such as finger across the lips to quite the noise makers; head shake (Emmer et al, 2005.p.135). Its also known as withitness as Anderson, (2003) says teachers who are withitness they maintain eye contact with students, this does not mean they look at them rather can see anything happening in the class. After discovering anything wrong you may use verbal intervention such as telling them that if you are not paying attention you are going to fail. Sixthly, parent involvement and society at larger especially in solving those extreme misbehavior which goes beyond the border of classroom because its original cause is family problems. It can be in form of parental /teachers meeting, and students reports. Research by Ballyman, (2009) shows that parent involvement in education is important. Seventhly, separating students; especially those with hidden agenda in the classroom. The teacher should separate them from sitting together. Sometimes shifting a group of students to another schools is one of strategy in coping with extreme misbehaviors that which goes beyond classroom borders examples truants problem and violence between schools such as the incidence of Tambaza secondary school , Azania and Kibasila secondary around 1990s. Eighthly, immediate dealing with unwanted behavior as soon as it occurs. This is another coping strategy to solve extreme misbehavior in the classroom; always when you see trouble brewing in class move to stop it (Anderson, 2003).
Lastly, paradigm shift for the teachers; it means teachers have to change the old-traditional ways of teaching to the modern ways example student centered strategy, which will help to control misbehavior through arouse the interest of students to the subject matter, involve them in discovery learning hence control noises and truants. Use the Interactive model in all Learning Areas such as plan activities
to challenge the thinking of students. (HAKIELIMU newsletter, as retrieved from on 13th, June, 2011). "http://www.leading-learning.co.nz/newsletter.html"Newsletter Conclusively, in addressing the extreme students misbehaviors in the classroom there should involvement of all stake holders in education such as parents, teachers, religious organization, private sectors including NGOs like (Haki elimu) and (Uwezo), as well as students themselves as the Tanzania education policy (1995) shows.
REFFERENCES Anderson, L. W., (2003).Assessment: Enhancing Quality of Teachers decision making. Lawrence Erlbaum Publisher. London Buskist, W., Carlson, R.n., & Martin, G.N. (2000).Psychology. Pearson Education Ltd.USA Emmer, T.E., Evartson, M.C., & Worsham, M. E., (2005). Classroom Management for Middle and High school Teachers. Pearson education Ltd. USA Hakielimu, Newsletter :("http://www.leadinglearning.co.nz/newsletter.html", as retrieved on 13th, June, 2011)
Marland, M. (1975). The Craft of classroom: Survival Guide to Classroom Management in Secondary Schools.Heinmann Education Books Ltd. London.
Robertson, J. (1989). Effective Classroom Control: Understand Teachers and pupils relation. St, Edmunds burry Press Ltd.UK
