Ceres Software Corporation

http://www.CeresSoft.org CeresSoftware@Hotmail.com High School Physical Science Activities and Glossary Keywords - Version 2.0 - August 2005

CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL SCIENCE --------------------------------------------ACIDS: never add water to pure ______ ACROSS: meaning of the prefix transAGAINST: meaning of the prefix antiAIR: gas in the earth's atmosphere AMMETERS: device to measure electric currents ANALYTICAL: the most precise balance found in the laboratory ANTI: prefix meaning "against" APRON: protective garment in lab work AREA: it has two dimensions ARISTOTLE: Greek Philosopher ATION: suffix meaning "the act of" ATMO: prefix meaning "vapor" ATOMIC: these clocks can divide a second in a billion parts ATTO: SI prefix meaning 10 to the power -18 AVOIDED: electrical shocks are accidents that can be ______ BALANCE: device used to measure weight BEAKER: glass used in chemistry labs BECOMING: meaning of the suffix -escent BETWEEN: meaning of the prefix interBIOLOGY: an important branch of science BLADE: a laboratory safety symbol BURET: device used to measure volume BURNS: it is the second most common injury in the lab CALCULATIONS: part of a Lab Report CALIPERS: device to measure accurately short lengths CANDELA: SI unit of Luminous intensity CARELESS: this behavior can cause accidents in the lab CELSIUS: scale of temperature CENTI: it means 1/100 or 0.01 CGS: branch of the Metric System CHEMICAL: pertaining to chemistry CHEMISTRY: branch of science CHROMO: prefix meaning "color" CM: abbreviation of "centimeter" COLOR: meaning of the prefix chromoCON: prefix meaning "together" CONCLUSION: closing part of an investigation CUTS: they are the most common injury in lab work

CYLINDER: a graduated ________ can measure the volume of an irregular solid DATA: recorded observations DECI: it means 1/10 or 0.1 DEKA: prefix meaning 10 DENSITY: mass per unit volume of a substance DI: prefix meaning "double" DIFFERENT: meaning of the prefix heteroDIMENSIONS: volume has three _________ DISTANT: meaning of the prefix teleDOCTOR: one who needs to know a lot about science DOUBLE: meaning of the prefix diELECTRIC: ______ currents are often used in lab work ELECTRICAL: pertaining to electricity ENDO: prefix meaning "within" ENGINEER: one who study engineering ENGLISH: this system of units has lost some influence lately EQUAL: meaning of the prefix isoESCENT: suffix that means "becoming" ESTIMATE: approximate value EVALUATION: part of a Lab Report EXA: SI prefix meaning 10 to the power 18 EXO: prefix meaning "outside" EXPERIMENT: it is an investigation EXPLOSIONS: be aware of what you are mixing to avoid them EYE: a lab safety symbol EYES: always wear goggles in the lab to protect your ______ FAHRENHEIT: scale of temperature FEMTO: SI prefix meaning 10 to the power -15 FLAME: always be careful when using that in a lab FLASK: glass used in laboratory work GALILEO: he is considered to be the first outstanding scientist GALVANOMETER: device to measure small electric currents GAMES: the science lab is the wrong place to play them GAS: a phase of matter GIGA: prefix that means a billion GOGGLES: a laboratory safety symbol GRADUATED: a ________ cylinder is employed to measure volume GRAPHY: suffix meaning "description of" HAND: a laboratory safety symbol

HAZARDOUS: be extra careful when you are handling these materials HECTO: it means 100 HETERO: prefix meaning "different" HOMO: prefix meaning "same" HYDRO: prefix meaning "water" HYPOTHESIS: proposed solution to a scientific problem IN: prefix meaning "inside" INSIDE: meaning of the prefix inINTER: prefix meaning "between" INVESTIGATION: another name for research ISO: prefix meaning "equal" KILO: it means 1,000 LAB: abbreviation of laboratory LABORATORY: room for conducting scientific experiments LARGE: meaning of the prefix macroLAW: theory accepted as true LB: abbreviation of Pound LENGTH: it has only one dimension LIGHT: meaning of the prefix photoLIQUID: a phase of matter LOGY: suffix that means "study of" MACRO: prefix meaning "large" MASS: amount of matter in an object MATERIALS: part of a Lab Report MATTER: anything that has mass and volume MEASUREMENT: the process of measuring anything MECHANICAL: pertaining to mechanics MEGA: prefix meaning "one million" MENISCUS: curve of the liquid in a graduated cylinder METERSTICK: it has a length of 1 meter METRIC: a very important system of units MICRO: prefix meaning "small" MICROAMMETER: device to measure small electric currents MILLI: it means 1/1000 or 0.001 MKS: branch of the Metric System MOLE: SI unit of amount of substance MU: the prefix micro is often represented by this Greek letter MULTIMETER: this device can measure current, voltage, and resistance NANO: prefix that means one billionth NONZERO: these digits are always significant

NUCLEAR: pertaining to the nucleus of the atom OBJECTIVES: part of a Lab Report OBSERVATION: a measurement OLYMPICS: the timers used in there can measure time in milliseconds OUTSIDE: meaning of the prefix exoOZ: abbreviation of ounce PARALLAX: difference in the reading of a value PETA: SI prefix meaning 10 to the power 15 PHOTO: prefix meaning "light" PHYSICS: branch of science PICO: prefix that means one trillionth PIPET: device used to measure volume PIPETTING: careless ________ can be extremely dangerous PLASMA: a phase of matter PRECISION: degree of exactness PROCEDURE: part of a Lab Report RESEARCH: collecting scientific data RESULTS: part of a Lab Report ROUND: meaning of the suffix -sphere RULER: this device can measure precisely to the nearest millimeter SAFETY: first priority when lab work is done SAME: meaning of prefix homoSCIENCE: the sum of universal knowledge SCIENTIFIC: the application of this method is essential in lab work SCIENTIST: one versed in science SCOPE: suffix meaning "instrument for seeing" SECOND: unit of time in the Metric System SI: abbreviation of the International System of Units SKULL: hazardous chemical symbol SMALL: meaning of the prefix microSMELL: this test is sometimes done in chemistry SODIUM: never place that substance in water SOLID: a phase of matter SPACE: all matter occupies some of that SPHERE: suffix meaning "round" SPLASHING: ________ hot liquids are accidents that can be avoided STASIS: suffix meaning "stationary condition" SUB: prefix meaning "under" SYN: prefix meaning "together"

TASTE: this test is never done in chemistry TELE: prefix meaning "distant" TEMPERATURE: how hot or cold a body is TERA: prefix that means one trillion THEORY: logical explanation of an event THERM: suffix meaning "heat" THERMOCOUPLE: it can be used to measure temperatures in ovens and furnaces THERMOMETER: device to measure temperature TIME: duration of an event TOGETHER: meaning of the prefix synTRANS: prefix meaning "across" TRIPLE: a ______-beam platform balance is another type of balance TURN: meaning of the suffix -verge UNDER: meaning of the prefix subVAPOR: meaning of the prefix atmoVAPORS: do not get exposed to them VARIABLE: a factor that is being tested VERGE: suffix meaning "turn" VERNIER: these calipers are named after a French mathematician VOLTMETER: device to measure voltage VOLUME: amount of space an object takes up VOLUMETRIC: ______ flasks are utilized to measure volume WATER: meaning of the prefix hydroWET: never handle electrical cords when you are in that condition WITHIN: meaning of the prefix endoYARDSTICK: it is shorter than the meterstick

CHAPTER 40 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -----------------------------ABSOLUTE: there is no water in that alcohol ACETIC: that acid is prepared by the fermentation of ethyl alcohol ACETONE: it is the most important ketone ACIDS: organic ______ is a type of substituted hydrocarbons ADIPIC: this acid is useful for the manufacturing of nylon ALBUMIN: this protein is found in eggs, milk, and blood ALCOHOLS: a type of substituted hydrocarbons ALKALOIDS: some of these organic compounds are addictive ALKANES: they are saturated hydrocarbons ALKENE: an ______ has at least one double covalent bond ALKENES: they are unsaturated hydrocarbons ALKYNE: an ______ has at least one triple covalent bond ALKYNES: they are unsaturated hydrocarbons AMINO: this type of acids can be found in meat, fish, and dairy products ANESTHETIC: cocaine, novocain, and nupercaine are local _______ ANIMAL: this fat is a saturated fat ANTS: formic acid is found in nature in these animals AROMAS: esters are noted for their pleasant ______ and flavors AROMATIC: these hydrocarbons have a ring structure of six carbon atoms ASCETIC: organic acid derived from ethane ASCORBIC: this acid is known as vitamin C ATROPINE: this alkaloid is utilized as a muscle relaxation BENZENE: it is an excellent solvent for fats, oil, and rubber BLINDNESS: drinking methanol can result in ______ or death BUTANE: name of the fourth member of the alkane series BUTTER: cooking oils and ______ are lipids CAFFEINE: this alkaloid is found in coffee CARBOHYDRATES: compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen CARBON: it is found in all organic compounds CELLULOSE: it is found in wood fiber CHLOROFORM: this organic compound is used as anesthetic CITRIC: this acid is derived from the hydrocarbon propane COOLING: freon is an important organic compound used in ______ systems

COTTON: cellulose is found in that COVALENT: type of bond formed between carbon atoms CYCLIC: cycloalkanes are saturated ______ hydrocarbons CYCLOALKANES: they are hydrocarbons with a ring structure CYCLOBUTANE: name of the saturated 4-carbon cycloalkane CYCLODECANE: name of the saturated 10-carbon cycloalkane CYCLOHEPTANE: name of the saturated 7-carbon cycloalkane CYCLOHEXANE: name of the saturated 6-carbon cycloalkane CYCLONONANE: name of the saturated 9-carbon cycloalkane CYCLOOCTANE: name of the saturated 8-carbon cycloalkane CYCLOPENTANE: name of the saturated 5-carbon cycloalkane CYCLOPROPANE: name of the simplest cycloalkane CYCLOPROPANE: an important general anesthetic DENATURED: this type of alcohol is unfit for beverage purposes DERIVATIVES: halogen ______ are substituted hydrocarbons that contain halogens DIABETES: lack of the protein insulin in the body produces ______ DISACCHARIDES: they have 12 atoms per molecule DOUBLE: alkenes are hydrocarbons with at last one ______ bond DRINKING: denatured ethyl alcohol is not good for that ELASTOMERS: general name for rubber substitutes ENERGY: carbohydrates are the body's main source of that ENZYMES: they are organic catalysts ESTERIFICATION: chemical reaction in which an ester is formed ESTER: it is a a type of substituted hydrocarbon ESTERS: they form by the reaction of an alcohol and an organic acid ETHANE: name of the second member of the alkane series ETHANOL: organic compound used in alcoholic beverages FATS: they are esters FATS: important organic compounds in the human body FATTY: fats form by the reaction of alcohol glycerol and ______ acids FERMENTATION: ethanol forms by the ______ of sugars FIRST: methane is the ______ member of the alkane series FLAVOR: esters give ______ to ice cream FORMIC: common name for methanoic acid FOUR: number of valence electrons in the element carbon FREON: common name of the chemical dichlorodifluoromethane

FRUCTOSE: it is an isomer of glucose FRUITS: citric acid is an organic acid found in many ______ FUNGI: starch is not produced in these plants GLANDS: hormones are organic compounds that are manufactured in there GLOBULIN: this protein is present in many vegetables GLUCOSE: this sugar is the simplest carbohydrate GLUTELIN: this protein is found in wheat flour GLYCERIN: another name of glycerol GLYCEROL: replacing 3 Hydrogen atoms by 3 -OH groups produces that GLYCOLS: they are alcohols with two OH groups GRAIN: the common name of ethanol is ______ alcohol HALOGENS: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are that HEART: eating too much animal fat may contribute to ______ disease HEMOGLOBIN: this protein has a molecular weight of about 68,000 HEXAGON: benzene is drawn as a(n) ______ with a circle in the center HONEY: fructose is found in that natural product HORMONES: organic compounds sometimes called chemical regulators HYDROCARBONS: they contain only hydrogen and carbon HYDROGEN: in a substituted hydrocarbon one atoms of this is replaced by a different atom HYDROXYL: name of the group OH INSULIN: an important protein found in the pancreas ISOMERS: compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula LIGHTERS: butane gas is found in most of those devices LIPIDS: fats and oils are sometimes called that METHANE: this organic compound is also known as marsh gas METHANOIC: name of the simplest organic acid METHANOL: this alcohol is added to ethanol to make it available for industrial uses MILLIONS: carbon is found in this number of compounds MONOMERS: they are the smaller molecules that form a polymer MONOSACCHARIDES: glucose and fructose are that MONOSACCHARIDES: they have six carbon atoms per molecule NICOTINE: alkaloid found in tobacco products NICOTINIC: this acid is known as the vitamin niacin

NITROGEN: aminoacids contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and _______ NYLON: it is useful for making toothbrushes, hosiery, and ropes PAIN: anesthetics are organic compounds that can reduce that OCTANE: it is used to rate gasolines OILS: important organic compounds in the human body OILS: they are esters OILS: they form by the reaction of alcohol glycerol and fatty acids ORGANIC: carbohydrates are very important ______ compounds in the human body PAPER: cellulose is useful for making ______ and artificial silk PERFUMES: synthetic esters are found in these products PETROCHEMICALS: gasoline, naphtha, and kerosene are called that PHENOL: it is formed by replacing an atom of hydrogen in a benzene ring by an -OH group PHENOL: it is used in the preparation of plastics and as a disinfectant PHOSPHORUS: this element is found in some amino acids POLYHYDROXI: these alcohols contain more than one OH group POLYMERIZATION: this process is useful for making plastics POLYMERS: starch molecules are classified as that PROPANE: this organic compound provides heat to hot air balloons PROTEINS: amino acids form that PROTEINS: important organic compounds in the human body PROTEINS: they are found in eggs, meat, beans, and cheese QUININE: this alkaloid is useful in treating malaria RAYON: name of artificial silk REFRIGERANT: one important use of the compound methyl chloride SATURATED: these hydrocarbons contain only single bonds SIMPLEST: benzene is the ______ aromatic hydrocarbon SIX: number of carbon atoms in a molecule of glucose SOAP: animal fat plus a base makes that SOAP: boiling a fat with sodium hydroxide makes that SOAPS: they are the metallic salts of fatty acids SOLVENT: methanol is used as a ______ in paints

STARCH: it is found in foods such as bread, cereal, potatoes, pasta, and rice STARCH: it is found in potatoes, corn, and rice STARCH: this organic compound is used for food and laundering STARCHES: a type of carbohydrate STARCHES: they are made of long chains of sugar molecules SUBSTITUTED: hydrocarbons formed when an atom of hydrogen is replaced by a different atom SUCROSE: a molecule of this sugar has 12 carbons SUCROSE: it is produced in sugar cane and sugar beets SUCROSE: it is the most important sugar SUGARS: a type of carbohydrate SUGARS: glucose, fructose, and sucrose, are examples of common ______ SULFUR: this element is found in some amino acids THERMOPLASTIC: nylon is a _______ material THIRD: propane is the ______ member of the alkane series THREE: number of atoms of carbon in the simplest cycloalkane TRIPLE: alkynes are hydrocarbons with at least one ______ bond TWELVE: number of hydrogen atoms in a molecule of glucose TWENTYTWO: number of different amino acids found in nature TWO: ____ to one is the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms in carbohydrates TWO: number of isomers of the compound butane UNSATURATED: these hydrocarbons contain at least one double or triple bond VINEGAR: the acid in this cooking substance is ascetic acid VITAMINS: organic compounds found in food VULCANIZATION: this process eliminates the stickiness of ordinary rubber WOOD: the common name of methanol is ______ alcohol