TITLE: TREATMENT OF PICA
THE INTRODUCTION Alia : Assalamualaikum and very good evening to Miss Ann and our beloved friend. Do you ever heard about Pica before? Pica is the eating disorder. The patients prefer to eat non- food material such as clay, hair, animal feces, paper, stone, soap and many more. Pica is seen more in young children than adults. Do you know, among 10 and 32% of children ages 1 - 6 have these behaviors. Besides that, Pica can occur during pregnancy. In some cases, a lack of certain nutrients, such as iron deficiency anemia and zinc deficiency, may trigger the unusual cravings. Pica may also occur in adults who crave a certain texture in their mouth. Attention-getting opener Alia: Fatimah, what is that? Is it delicious ? Are you sure with what you eating right now? Fatimah : errrrr, this is the delicious food in the world. It is very cool, Alia. Do you want to try some? I can share my food with you. I dont mind at all (big smile). Alia : It is okay Fatimah. I think that food is not good to you and also can cause disease. If you continue this behavior, it might cause fatal! Come with me,I can help you, my friend. Then, Alia take Fatimah to the expert. Preview Today, I am Nuralia and my partner, Fatimah, would like to present about the treatment of Pica. There are four treatment to overcome this disorder. 1. Oral taste and smell sensation 2. Consolations by experts 3. Management medication 4. Decorate dishes TRANSITION Alia : Ok guys, I will start our presentation by talking about the oral taste and smell sensation and consolations by experts, while my partner, will continue by talking about the other two points. So, lets get started on our discussion.
THE BODY 1. Oral taste and smell sensation. Exploring objects by tasting and smelling is a universal human investigative technique, which eventually diminishes based upon experience and learning. Babies explore many things with their mouths until "bitter experience" teaches them caution; many poisonous substances have a bitter taste. Most children gradually learn to discriminate edible objects visually and encouragements provided continuously by concerned parents. Care should be taken, obviously, not to offer an "acceptable" way to obtain oral or nutritional stimulation immediately after an attempt to bring non-food material to the mouth, because this would actually reinforce an instance of Pica. Thus, parents are generally alert to prevent, stop or otherwise discourage inappropriate oral exploration. TRANSITION Alia : Now, we proceed to second point, which is the consolations by experts. 2. Consolations by experts. Diet and Dental Consolations. When dealing with a pica disorder, its important to pay attention to oral health. Frequent visits to a dentist are recommended due to the detrimental effects of pica. These effects can begin to occur at a young age. Diet also plays a large part in pica, and may be an underlying cause. This is because nutritional deficiencies are linked with the various causes of pica. A social worker may come into play specific forms of when dealing with young children and toddlers. This is because pica may be caused by a lack of sensory or environmental stimulation. Assessment of the childs home environment, such as cultural beliefs and traditions may be analyzed to determine if these are affecting the pica disorder. Removal of toxic substances in the home, including lead-based paints, is also an essential step in the treatment of pica. TRANSITION Alia : Ok, now you know a little bit about the treatment of Pica. I hope you have an idea about Pica. Now, I will pass to my partner to elaborate the next point. Thank you. TRANSITION Fatimah : Thank you Alia, and now, ladies and gentlemen, I will continue by first talking about management medication, and decorate foods as the other ways to treat the patients. I will start with management medications.
1. Management Medication Pharmacologic treatments for pica are successful for many patients. The drugs are used to enhance dopaminergic functioning and can act as a refractory to forms of behavioral intervention. Comorbid pica has been shown to be relatively simple to control with certain management medications. Although there are no standard treatments for pica disorder, case studies have shown that some drugs are ideal based on effectiveness. A typical anti-psychotic drugs, such as olanzapine, clozapine, and risperidone have shown to be successful in the treatment of pica. For example, Olanzapine works by changing the activity of certain substances in the brain. Besides that, Clozapine can help to change the way patients see certain materials and reduce their bad eating habits. In some cases, the use of these isolated drugs can cause the pica disorder to diminish. Once this occurs, the medication can be stopped. Some patients require a three to nine month drug therapy while others may only need a short duration of time, depending on the severity of their pica. TRANSITION Fatimah : As you can see, foods will be delicious if we know how to decorate it nicely. Now, lets investigate what you can do to make the food more delicious and can help the patients to recover from this disorder. 2. Decorate dishes. Decorate dishes to attract the patient to eat food like normal person. At the first stage, caregivers should shape the food like non-material foods. For instance, they can shape and colored the food like stone, wood, paper and so on. Next, when the patient show the positive change which is less addiction with non-material foods, the caregivers can expose the patient the actual shapes and colors of foods gradually. Thus, the caregivers should alert and often observe what the patients eat to ensure the patients are fully recovered. TRANSITION Fatimah : So, you clear about the treatment of Pica. Now, we have reached the end of our presentation. Lets jump to conclusion.
CONCLUSION Summary Fatimah: We hope you are now understand the four ways to treat Pica. My partner covered the taste and smell sensation, and consolation by experts, while I presented management medication, and decorate dishes.
Memorable concluding remarks In conclusion, every disease has their own way to cure, including Pica. So, from now on, we should be ready and prepare on what will happen next. REMEMBER; dont ever underestimate people that suffer with this eating disorder but help them to recover from it. REFRENCES 1. http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/pica/overview.html#Treatment 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pica_(disorder) 3. Cooper M. Pica. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C Thomas, 1957. 4. Crosby WH. Pica: a compulsion caused by iron deficiency. Br J Hematol. 1976;34:34142 5. Johnson BE, Stephens RL. Geomelophagia. An unusual pica in iron-deficiency anemia. Am J Med. 1982;73:93132. 6. Lackey CJ. Pica during pregnancy. Bol Assoc Med Puerto Rico. 1984;76:4057. 7. American Psychiatric Association. "Pica." In Diagnostic and Statistical of Mental Disorders. 4th edition, text revised. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000. 8. Support, Concern and Resources For Eating Disorders: <http://www.eatingdisorder.org/pica.html> .
