Bibliography Primary Sources: 22News Investigative Team. A photograph of an organ cooler. WWLP-22News. May 7, 2012. Accessed March 1, 2013.

http://www.wwlp.com/dpp/news/i_team/i-team-organdonation-investigation. A photograph of a cooler from a news article showing a cooler used for organ transplantation. This is used to understand how important every second is to people who wait to receive an organ. BBC News. A picture of a organ transplant cooler. Photograph. BBC News. March 17, 2010. Accessed March 1, 2013. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8562709.stm. A photograph of a cooler from a news article showing a cooler used for organ transplantation. This is used to understand how important every second is to people who wait to receive an organ and the different coolers that are used. Carpenter, Barbara, Colter Meinert, Gordon Karels, Jessica Danielson, and Richard Loeffler. "The Waiting Game: 9 Organ Transplant Patients Fight to Survive." Interview. ABC Nightline. ABC. May 1, 2012. Performed by Dan Lieberman. Produced by Ely Brown. Out of the nine stories, five were chosen. Each will be used to stress the effects of being on the waiting list. Specifically, the idea of how long people have to wait to receive a call about a matching donor, the disadvantages and advantages during the wait and an insight on what it feels like to be on the waiting list. Courtesy of Brigham and Women's Hospital. Dr. Joseph Murray operate the first successful organ transplant from human-to-human. Photograph. New York Times. December 21, 2004. Accessed March 3, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/21/health/21orga.html? oref=login&pagewanted=all&_r=0. The picture is taken placed during the procedure. It will be used to get an insight on what occurs during organ procurement. Fusionspark Media Inc. A picture of brain death. Photograph. Donate Life. 2000. Accessed March 1, 2013. http://www.donorrecovery.org/learn/understanding-brain-death/. This photograph shows a picture of a functioning brain and one that has been confirmed brain death. The image is used to show the differences in confirming brain death and is used for background knowledge purposes. Health Resources & Services Administration, and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. "The Gap Continues to Widen." U.S. Government Information on Organ and Tissue Donation and Transplantation. Last modified 2009. Accessed March 3, 2013. http://organdonor.gov/about/graphdescription.html. Data from 1988 to 2009 was used to make a graph for the statistics webpage. From the data, it helped proved the shortage in the organ pool.

KidneyLink. "Living Donor Statistics." Chart. Kidney Link. 2012. Accessed March 2, 2013. http://www.kidneylink.org/Statistics.aspx. Statistics on kidney transplant showed the increase of kidney transplant taken place in the United States as time increased. This source will be used to analyze the statistics as time progressed. Kbler-Ross, Elisabeth. Death: The Final Stages of Growth. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 1975. The author Kbler-Ross had a good moral. Her book had tons of stories about coping with death. The significance of her book is having insight of individuals themselves and how they are affect by death. Rather than looking only at the medical aspect, the personal life style of individuals based on religious backgrounds opened doors on how ethics differ. Hence, her moral of focusing on the importance of individual's decision. It will wrap up the conclusion that the individual should have a say in their death for it is only up to them to decide. Population Reference Bureau. "Key Demographic Indicators, 2009." Map. Population Reference Bureau. 2009. Accessed March 3, 2013. http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2009/2009wpds.aspx. Based on demographics, the table of the population in 2009 is used to calculate the percentage of U.S. residents on the waiting list. This will be used on the statistics tab of the webpage to explain the increase in demand to the amount of donors available for a match. Truog, Robert D. "Is it time to abandon brain death?" The Hastings Center. Last modified January 1997. Accessed February 1, 2013. http://www.thehastingscenter.org/Publications/HCR/Default.aspx. Truog spoke about the definition of determining death based on the Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA), explaining the criteria for brain death. Not only that, but the emphasis on abandoning the requirement of death for organ procurement as long as there is consent and non-maleficence. This will be used to discontinue further controversies. Truog, Robert D., and Franklin G. Miller. "The Dead Donor Rule and Organ Transplantation." In The Dead Donor Rule and Organ Transplantation, 674-75. Vol. 359 of The New England Journal of Medicine. N.p.: Massachusetts Medical Society, 2008. Truog and Miller voiced their opinion on the dead donor rule about why it would be acceptable for patients to consent to the withdrawal of life as long as their conditions are severe. The only requirement in order to do so would need is a valid consent from the patient and or trusting surrogate. This information will be used to giving patients their voice. "The Waiting Time Experiment." Youtube. MOV video, 00:03:37. Posted by FRS LEBEN, May 3, 2012. Accessed February 28, 2013. http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=n5cjSHwyU6M.

A story about Michael Stapf who waited seven years for an organ transplant. Finally, he received one but he strives to inform others of the organ pool shortage, informing and encouraging others. This video is an example of why people should be able to have the consent to undergo early procurement if they so desire and has a critical condition. Westen, John-Henry. "Questions Answered on Organ Donation: Interview with Dr. John B. Shea M.D." Life Site News. Last modified February 17, 2006. Accessed March 2, 2013. http://www.lifesitenews.com/news/archive//ldn/2006/feb/06021709. The amount of time it will usually take for an organ to become useless will be used with how organs are less healthier the longer they are outside of a body.

Secondary Sources: Day, Lisa. "Questions on Organ Donation and Hastening Death." American Journal of Critical Care, 4th ser., 18 (2009). An explanation of the dead donor rule is defined and explained. Miller and Truog's concept of abandoning death is introduced and explains how the organs are more useful to the recipient if the organs are removed before the patient is to die. Additionally, a concept from Bernard Williams about moral self indulgence, an approach for others to be more open-minded. These will be used to support the argument of healthier organs. Harrington, Maxine M. "The Thin Flat Line: Redefining Who is Legally Dead in Organ Donation after Cardiac Death." Issues in Law and Medicine 2, no. 2887 (2009): 95-143. Truog's argument about Donation after Cardiac Arrest (DCD) brought up the potential idea that donors who are on the verge of being declared deceases could discontinue their life and donate before they were deceased. The concept of losing one life to save others comes into mind and will be used to support the right the individual should have as long as there is consent from them or a surrogate. KidneyLink. "The Waiting List." Kidney Link. Last modified 2012. Accessed March 2, 2013. http://www.kidneylink.org/TheWaitingList.aspx. Details on the waiting list for an individual awaiting a donation helped support the causes of deaths increasing due to the lack of an available organ that is suitable. Thus, more background information on the waiting list itself. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. "Key Points." National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Last modified October 2009. Accessed March 2, 2013. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health//dci/Diseases/ht/ht_keypoints.html. A summary on heart transplantation was based on statistics. The statistics helped give a clear idea of the process of heart transplantation and is used for statistics. . "What To Expect Before a Heart Transplant." National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Last modified October 2009. Accessed March 2, 2013. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health//dci/Diseases/ht/ht_before.html.

The waiting list is brought up based on a number of about 3,000 people in the United States who are on the waiting list. This information will be used to reference to the other statistics. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Diseases and Conditions Index. How a heart attack occurs. Photograph. 2009. Heart Disease: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment. Accessed March 1, 2013. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/magazine/issues/winter09/articles/winter09pg2527.html. A heart attack occurs when the blood clots the artery and oxygen cannot pass through. The information will be used to understand the definition of donation after cardiac arrest. Office of Minority Health. "Organ Donation Data/Statistics." The Office of Minority Health. Last modified February 12, 2013. Accessed March 2, 2013. http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/templates/browse.aspx?lvl=3&lvlid=555. Statistics focusing on organ donation in general. Information on it is used on the statistics page for background knowledge on organ donation. Pellegrino, Edmund D. "Personal Statement." In Defining Death: Medical, Legal and Ethical Issues in the Determination of Death, by President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 111-19. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1981. Edmund D. Pellegrino's perspective stated for the dead donor rule to still be used as an ethical guideline. This helped us have knowledge on both perspectives on why the dead donor rule should be kept or why it should be abandoned. The President's Council on Bioethics. "Chapter Six: Non-Heart-Beating Organ Donation." The President's Council on Bioethics. Last modified January 2009. Accessed February 24, 2013. http://bioethics.georgetown.edu/pcbe/reports/death/chapter6.html. The determination of death emerged during the 1960s. Information from within the site will be used as background information to give clear explanations about how abandoning the dead donor rule will impact the future. Sabom, Michael. Light & Death: One Doctor's Fascinating Account of Near-Death Experiences. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1998. Accessed March 3, 2013. http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/wes/1600/enforced/42960-113848-01-2131-B100/sabom-pam-reynolds.pdf. The quote by Pliny the Elder was found while reading this book, explaining how much humans ponder on the complexities of life because we, as humans, are always changing our judgement. Sade, Robert M. "BRAIN DEATH, CARDIAC DEATH, AND THE DEAD DONOR RULE." Journal of the South Carolina Medical Association, August 2011, 146-49. From this article, there are positive and negative aspects of the flaws of brain death, cardiac arrest, and the dead donor rule all applied together. From the source, we informed the audience about why abandoning DDR is not ethical but how it can be ethical.

UN Publications. "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Article 3." United Nations. Last modified 1948. Accessed March 11, 2013. http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml. This website provided the right of a human being to be able to make their own decisions as long as they are able to. The information will be used to support the reasoning that donor patients should have the choice to consent to early death because of their critical state.