Eric Evangelista ENG 07 Part 1. Page 27 Trying it Out 1.

Rewrite the instructions of the Desk bound stretching exercise Place your arms in front of you with one hand over the other. Follow your elbow with your arm, extending it fully to stretch the right side of your chest. Turn your head to the right and pull your right elbow back so that it is in line with your right shoulder. Repeat at least once and then stretch your left side. Page 28 3. of those in the list below, which one do you think would contain ideas and or information that should be arranged chronologically? Current world population distribution Pre-spanish burial rites how to dissect a frog how to delete text in a word for windows documents how to make a filipino regional dish how the blood circulates in the body. 4. The information in each of the texts performs or functions as a guide or instructions on how to make or access informations. Page 29 5. 1. Statistics has an early and long history. Classifying 2. it is believed that the word statistics,derived from the italian word statista meaning statesman, was first used by Gottried Achenwall in 1749. Illustrating and describing 3.Great mathematician of the 18th and 19th centuries prepared the way for modern statistics. Illustrating 4. The use of the term statistics to refer to data of importance to the state has long been in use. Classifying and Illustrating 5. The increasing complexity of government and business operations has spurred rapid and great developments of statistical methods and theory. Describing

Page 30 Arrange the sentences in this paragraph by writing a number in the boxes provided boxes. 1. On September 16, 1898 Pres. Mckinley delivered to his Commissioners their letters of instructions directing them to insist on the cession by Spain to the United States of the island of Luzon at least.

2. By the time these instructions were published, three years later, the Americans were already involved in the war against the Filipinos. 3. It is important to note that the American public did not become aware of these instructions until after the Presidential elections of 1900. Arrange the steps of this Chemistry experiment by writing a number in the boxes provided. 1. Take three vials and put 5 ml of water in each. 2. Into vial 1, add 1 drop of vinegar, into vial 2, 3 drops of vinegar, and into vial 3, 6 drops of vinegar. 3. Prepare a dilute solution of ink. Page 34 Read the first paragraph of the text on Thirst. What information do you think will appear next in the text? I think what would come next in the paragraphs to come will be information describing the importance of hydration. I also think that classifying the signs of thirst and illustrating ways to keep hydrated would be written in the next paragraph. Trying out what words do you think will appear in the text. 1. hydration 2. fluid 3. volume 4. deficit 5. energy 6. regulation 7. osmotic 8. pressure 9. delivery 10. water 11. dehydration 12. concentration page 35 Urine urinary tract Saliva- mouth Hypothalamus- brain Muscles- all over the body Pituitary gland- brain bones- all over the body intestines-lower abdominal area liver- upper quadrant area blood vessels- circulatory system appendix- GI tract heart- chest gums- mouth

tongue mouth hormones- all over the body

page 37 In your daily life, what do you read quickly for the main idea? Headlines and new journals topic sentences case studies directions and instructions

page 39 Reading for specific informations 1. think in your daily life what do you read in this way? Literary text Introductions essays thesis guidelines theory and approach to nursing Trying it out 1. there are two process of water intake regulation mentioned in the text, two brian mechanism for control of water intake: osmoreceptors that are sensitive to the chemical concentration of the body fluids and volumetric receptors that respond to the total volume of body fluids. 2. Decrease in blood volume and increase in concentration of chemicals. Page 40 3. Renin- is a hormone released by the kidneys that causes constriction of blood vessels, a homeostatic device to defend from blood loss and triggers the release the hormone angiotensin which signals thirst in the hypothalamus. 4. Angiotensin is a hormone found in the blood stream that when stimulated by renin is released and stimulates receptors in the hypothalamus that produces the feeling of thirst. While ADH is a hormone released by the pituitary system tell the kidneys to reabsorb water into the blood stream. Page 41 Trying it out Cellular Dehydration neural activity osmoreceptors in hypothalamus- ADH in pituitary glandkidneys- water in urine- prevention of further dehydration Page 42 Decrease blood volume and body water decrease blood volume and body fluid ----kidneys--- renin----bloodstream--- blood vessels-prevention

of further blood loss---- Angiotensin---receptors of hypothalamusblood stream page 43 1. function of the text on Hypothalamic regulation of water intake, is to illustrate and describe how the specific areas of the body respond to cellular dehydration. 2. The ideas are organized in chronological manner describing step by step the two process that triggers the system into action when fluid loss is present. Pages 43-45 Trying out. 1. a. read for gist b. read to learn and for specific informations c. read for specific information d. read to learn 2. a. read for specific informations b. read to learn c. read for gist d. read for specific information e. read for specific information 3. a. read for specific information b. read for specific information c. read for specific information d. read to learn 4. a. read for specific informations b. read for specific information c. read to learn d read for specific information 5. a. read to learn b. read for gist c. read for specific information d. read for specific information page 48 3. Some nouns in disguise Singular or Plural everybody- singular anybody-singular anyone-singular one-singular all- plural little-singlar few-plural some-plural or singular more- singular most- plural English-singular Mathematics-plural France-singular The Philippines-plural the USA-singular

Family-singular group-singular club- singular

4. Looking at Irregularities to have- he has , they have to be he is , they are can- he can : they can must- he must : they must should- he should, they should will- he will , they will shall- she shall, they shall How to form the negative 1. can you transform the sentences on page 47 into the negative And the kidneys cannot reabsorb water from the urine into the bloodstream. Kidneys do not secrete a substance called renin into the bloodstream The osmoreceptors do not stimulate the release of ADH from the pituitary glands. Renin do not cause constriction of the blood vessels. The hypothalamus do not produce thirst. Cellular deyhydration do not act directly on the hypothalamus.

2. subject infinitive+ modal verb + not + adjective subject inifinitve + modal verb + not + adjective Page 49. How to form Interrogative 1. Can you transform the sentences on p. 47 into questions? Can the kidneys reabsorb water from the urine into the bloodstream ? Do the kidneys secrete a substance called renin into the bloodstream? Do the osmoreceptors stimulate the release of ADH from the pituitary glands? Does renin cause constriction of the blood vessels? Can the hypothalamus produce thirst? Can cellular dehydration act directly on the hypothalamus? 2. Complete the following formulas by filling in the boxes. Modal verb + subject + infinitive ? Modal verb + subject + infinitive? page 50 1. read the text, complete the text by putting the verbs in brackets in their proper form. Consist looks

burns shows explains can uses has raises duplicates avoid 1. can cause trigger to set off secrete relay send

Page 51 Page 52

secrete trigger cause relay may can Page 53 Singular nount + SUBJECT - VERB ? ADJECTIVE Plural noun + SUBJECT VERB ? ADJECTIVE 2. BE IS

BID BIDS BIND BINDS ABIDE ABIDES DRINK DRINKS 3. Everybody -singular Philippines- singular

One- singular 4. this lesson is entitled over and over again because of the repetitive use of verbs and nouns and conjugations or past and present tenses that is the focus on proper grammar. Page 55. 2. match the visual organizers 1. line graph 2. table 3. flow chart 4. spidogram 5. pyramid 6. pie chart 7. fish bone map 8. bar graph Page 56 trying it out 1. Bar graph 2. table 3. fish bone map 4. flow chart 5. table 6. table 7. spidogram 8. flow chart 9. table 10. flow chart 11. table 12. spidogram 13. table 14. flow chart 15. table Rounding up 1. list all the visual org line graph table flow chart spidogram pyramid pie chart fish bone map bar graph 2. Visual organizers are useful in gathering your ideas or facts and simply putting them in a chronological order or function that will help you analyze your thoughts and ideas carefuly. Page 57

Focus on Reading 1. You can prepare to read a text in four ways, namely; scanning, questioning, deducing, skimming, inferring 2. Reading for gist means , we read the whole text but only get the main idea of it. You do this by reading quickly. 3. Reading for specific information means you look only for the information you need. You this by scanning focusing only on the details you need. To do this you read carefully 4. when you read to learn you understand the whole text and all its parts. To understand how the ideas and information are related to each other and make up the whole. 5. A useful exercise in reading to learn is making visual organizers of the text. 6. The purpose of all the academic text in this unit is to teach how to understand text in its main idea and specific information because it will be the best guide to understanding text. Page 59 The text, the world and you 1. 4 stages of human physical development was mentioned in the text. 2. Ramaphitecus lived on the planet 8 to 14 million years ago Homo erectus lived on the planet 1.8 million years ago 3. Homohabilis and Australophitecus appeared in Africa 4. Homo sapiens had straight limbs Homo habilis use stone tools Australophitecus had a brain 1/3 size of the modern human brain Homo erectus could make fire 5. table Stages of Human physical development Characteristics Australophitecus appeared in Africa 4 million years ago Homo Habilis and Hom rudolfensis appeared 2 million years ago in africa Homo erectus appeared 1. 8 million years ago Homo sapiens 400,000 to 300,000 years ago Stood erect and walked on two legs, brain 1/3 size of a modern human brain Had low forehead and large jaw Used stones as tools Had larger brain than homo habilis, learned how to make fire and hunted for large animals Had larger brain and smaller jaws and teeth, rounded skull and straight limbs.

Page 60 Focus on purpose/function/ organizing idea 1. The writers purpose was to describe and illustrate the physical development of human beings in a chronological manner. I believed the author achieved the purpose of showing in detail and with dates, data, descriptive characteristic of each stages of human development. 2. The function of the whole text is to describe not only the history of the physical development of

human beings but also to illustrate the complexity and adaption from one species to the next/ 3. the ideas are organized chronologically from the oldest known species to the next, with descriptive characteristics of each with dates they existed. Focus on grammar 1. We use the present simple tense when: the action is general the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future the action is not only happening now the statement is always true

2. subject + auxiliary verb + main verb 3. There are three important exceptions: For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary. For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add s to the main verb or es to the auxiliary. For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even for questions and negatives. Focus on writing 1. It is important to organize your ideas and information before writing because you are able to convey your ideas clearly and more precise that will create cohesion. 2. One way of arranging ideas is by writing it in a chronological manner by creating a flow chart or concept maps. 3. An important visual organizer for the answer is no.2 is concept map or flow chart. Page 61 and 62 The digestive process starts when food enters the mouth. The mechanical process of digestion begins in the mouth with the saliva aiding the process by moistening the food. While the teeth breaks down the food by chewing. The food passes through the food pipe or esophagus and enters the stomach. While the food is in the stomach it begins chemical digestion with the help of stomach enzymes like pepsin and hydrochloric acid. The enzyme pepsin helps breakdown protein in food. While hydrochloric acid aids to kill bacteria in food. The digestive process continues with the food entering the small bowels where chemical digestion and further breakdown of food into smaller particles. The juices from the small bowels walls help to complete the digestion process. In the small bowel bile is released from the liver that converts fat into fine droplets where it is absorbed by the lining of the intestines. The Pancreas then releases various enzymes that further breakdown food. These enzymes help convert convert carbohydrates into simple sugars, proteins into amino acids,a and fats into fatty acids and glycorine. At the end of this part of the digestion process the food is converted into nutrients that bring energy to the cells of the body that facilitates proper functions of the body. The digested food becomes sources of energy that circulates in the blood. While the liver absorbs all the nutrients and filters all the fats and sugars. The particles that is not absorbed is processed in the kidneys and filtered out from the bloodstream into the urine. Meanwhile, the undigested food enters the large bowels where water is absorbed and feces is the end product completing the digestive process.