WORLD HEART DAY 2012
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Prevention among Women and Children
More common than you may think !!
Heart disease and Stroke are the worlds leading cause of death, claiming 17.3 million lives each year and the numbers are rising !! By 2030, it is expected that 23 million people will die from Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) annually!! CVD is rapidly increasing in India & our country will be host to more than half of the cases in the World within the next 15-20 years The disease occurs at a much younger age in Indians as compared to those in North America & Western Europe
A Report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee. Circulation. 2011, 121:e1-e192
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Women & Heart Disease
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More fatal than any other disease !!
Worldwide, 8.6 million women die from heart disease each year, accounting for a deaths in women
third of all
42.7 million women worldwide are currently living with some form of cardiovascular disease (CVD) 7.5 million women are currently living with coronary heart disease (CHD) 42% of women who have heart attacks die within 1 year, compared to 24% of men CVD caused 1 death per minute among women in 2009. That represents more female lives than were claimed by cancer, Alzheimer disease, and accidents combined Under age 50, womens heart attacks are twice as likely as mens to be fatal (A Report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee. Circulation. 2011; 121:e1e192)
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Affects more women than men !!
More women than men die of cardiovascular disease each year 23% of women and 18% of men will die within one year of a first recognized heart attack; 22-32% of women and 15-27% of men heart attack survivors will die within five years 12-25% of women and 7-22% of men heart attack survivors will be diagnosed with heart failure within five years
(A Report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee. Circulation. 2011; 121:e1-e192)
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Is different in women .
Early menopause, a rising trend among Indian women, has now been associated with increased risk of heart condition and stroke Postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for CV events
Heart disease manifests differently in women, affecting the microvasculature (small blood vessels) instead of the macro-vasculature (major blood vessels) as it does in men Heart disease symptoms in women may be different from those experienced by men Many women who have a heart attack may not even know about it !!
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Who is at-risk?
Cigarette smokers are 2 to 4 times more likely to develop heart disease than non-smokers High levels of Blood Cholesterol - 46% of adult women have total cholesterol of more than 200mg/dL Physical inactivity - Only 32.7% of women get regular meaningful physical activity Obesity 59% of Caucasian women, almost 58% of African-American women, and 55% Asian women are overweight or obese
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Who is at-risk?
Diabetes - Women with diabetes have a 2.5 increased risk of developing CVD and a 2.2 increased of dying from CVD.
Uncontrolled Hypertension
Metabolic syndrome a combination of fat around your abdomen, high blood pressure, high blood sugar and dyslipidemia, has a greater impact on women than on men.
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Who is at-risk?
Menopause - After menopause, women have a significant increase in the risk of heart disease due to decreasing levels of the female hormone estrogen during menopause
Estrogen is associated with higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL or "good cholesterol") and lower levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL or "bad cholesterol")
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Children & Heart Disease
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Cardiovascular disease among children
Children are vulnerable too The risk for cardiovascular disease begins during foetal development and increase further during childhood with exposure to unhealthy diets, lack of Physical activity and the epidemic of Childhood obesity
Children are particularly at risk, since they have little control over their environment and can be limited in choices to live heart healthily
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Children & Cholesterol
Children and adolescents who have high cholesterol levels are more likely to become adults with high cholesterol levels
Approximately 10 percent of adolescents between the ages of 12 and 19 have "high total cholesterol levels (over 200 mg/dl)
Simple dietary modifications can significantly lower total and LDL cholesterol levels in parents and their children
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Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery disease is one type of heart disease that occurs when the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle (coronary arteries) are narrowed or blocked. This narrowing or blockage is most often caused by the buildup of fat (cholesterol) and calcium inside the walls of the arteries leading to the heart called Plaques. This process is called atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries
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Angina Vs Heart Attack
Plaque may narrow the arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle. If blood flow to the heart is reduced, a person may have chest pain (angina) angina A plaque may suddenly rupture or tear open, causing a blood clot to form in an artery When blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked for an extended period of time, this sometimes results in a heart attack (myocardial infarction)
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Treatment Options
Medical Treatment
Low dose Aspirin / Clopidogrel (Blood thinning agents)
Treatment aims to balance blood supply to the heart with heart oxygen demand, and prevent worsening of coronary heart disease Helps in preventing blood clot formation and obstruction of arteries
Statins
Reduce the amounts of lipids (cholesterol and other fats) in blood They slow or stop the progression of coronary heart disease Have beneficial effects immediately after a heart attack or threatened heart attack, even before the fat lowering effect is maximal, meaning they stabilize the plaque Examples include Atorvastatin (Lipitor), Rosuvastatin (Crestor) etc
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Surgical Treatment
Angioplasty Angioplasty is a surgical procedure that improves blood flow by opening up blood vessels that have narrowed due to deposits of plaque
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Bypass Surgery With bypass surgery, arteries or veins are taken from other parts of the body to create the grafts that channel the needed blood flow to the coronary arteries
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Prevention is the Key
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Physical Activity
Being physically inactive is as risky as having high blood cholesterol levels, high blood pressure or cigarette smoking Health experts recommend at least 30 minutes of physical activity each day to reduce the risk of heart disease Physically active parents can model hearthealthy lifestyle behaviors for their children Research shows physically active children become physically active adults
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Maintain a Healthy Weight
Control portions (the amount of food you eat) Do not use food as a reward for good behavior or good grades for kids Limit snacking and be aware of the snack foods your kids are eating Eat meals as a family so it is easier to know what and how much your child is eating Increase your physical activity and find fun exercise Limit the amount of time your child spends watching TV and playing on the computer
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Watch your diet
Good nutrition is important to your heart health, and it will help control some of your heart disease risk factors Eat a diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains Choose lean proteins, such as chicken, fish, beans, and legumes Eat low-fat dairy products, such as skim milk and low-fat yogurt
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Watch your diet
Avoid sodium (salt) and fats found in fried foods, processed foods, and baked goods Eat fewer animal products like red meat Read labels and stay away from "saturated fat" and anything that contains "partially hydrogenated" or "hydrogenated" fats These products are usually loaded with unhealthy fats
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Stop Smoking
Stop smoking and protect yourself from tobacco Avoid smoke-filled environments as exposure to second-hand smoke significantly increases risk of heart attack
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THANK YOU
