. C 6 i H ~ .

, 1HI( pafHnH9
. Tec&l1lques 111 Sl1adt'S of Black
"ij
. C 6 i H ~ .
, 1HI( pafHnH9
. Tec&l1lques 111 Sl1adt'S of Black
"ij
C6il1ese H:lil1til19
fquipmel1t
special uemJ a wooden m,"mh.in' hru.!, rest. an
an'i.qu.<.wM,ndropJl"Tin,oc"'apcof a binl onatfeelrunk,and
a IOIUJ leafbrusllwouMr. (I"hose.<hown " .... fnlrn toc
of l' Chcrmt)
CMneK PaintinIJ Rru'bes
A11<krh.., from toc wri'ing.,ru .... l>ute.arly
.... ith a whinkd. !<ha'l",ned willowKi<:kon mipaofb;omboo
General McnMTian .... oli"ed in theQin Oyn,,,,y(221206 Be)
i.crc<iited wilh Ihe bm.h "f .... ir. In Iht story
n;huing(O!hi,.i!i,""id'ha'""hcwa
oon,tructim,ofthc(;r<aIWall he<awatuftofgwu',h"i,,,,,d, ,,,
ito !O thc wiUow It irk and

wc3ldand,hehare,bu,rabbithairbrnahel.g.,,,,hairhru,,hu.
()f"evenlh05emadewi.hpandahair01"m", ..:whi.kcna",,,lIl
""ailablc
.... F"rinll/lnCC,a
broshofrabbi.hairrequirahai.",hichi.nc:ilhcrlooJOfloorIOO
thodandhlll. ,,,,,,,,,I(,rc. tol>eoblainedinlhea"",mnwllcnall
the COrrect condilion. art sa.tillfJnl. n.e Chi""", bdi,.,..., ,ha'
e'..,rypalntcr.houldpossesshi.OW11hru ... c ... hich,afler
tnUning.ulkc,mhi.nwnpcnonalitY4uo.ldlaracter.Ahhough
.... aylloU'1
consillency amongll,hediffe,..,nt make .... Th" ...,n're bru,""


I.,," 'he .i,e aud orhairused
fro", s",all iJ
n' .... meiy nelpful in maintaining unity ofbn ... hwor. "yie in
the painting 10 use only brmh.
i"I,cChintlOCbrumi'llladcupofhair>ofvaryinKiengths.
bound .. ina very sp"cia! way and in a bamboo holckr
It is built
iayc,""fhairar",td,hitoth"mn. When ,h"wrn."1:,.i<chas


110'
Tf,hehairsdocome
outofthchanillc,
and can be and with a modern glllr.) A hru,h
fn)!n the We""", world h,,,,a largeamoun, o[hair imiJe tho

the hru,h to hd,,,,,c in a unique way
I

Preparing Brush for Painting
f!..fo .... .... bru,hha"ol'"
'brokell ill' ifi' i,an<:wonc:, ""'I'n:viouilyu""d
Firsl,tI .. capshouldhet<:tnoveJ.Thi. issometime,bamboo.
and nowaday. h<: mad" ofl'ia."ic. It ,hould ,he!] be
thro><o'n away and nol
pro/tel tM brush dur;"s itt
Nu'.'h"c< ..
shouIdbereffiO\ledbydippinglhebrushinwalerandgently
nlan'pulam'''lh"poinl''Kai"",tfx,''dcofll'''lMinld ..
"ery!l'=ntiy, m_gingwilh Ihtofing<:'"
l.ookinsaflulh" Srush
'11 .. bru.h .houl,l wa>hc<1 u"" l .. kinK
'pc<i..!u,,, hlack ink, whi"h dr;". in",
aMrinyotalcandw""lddamagc,hcl",,,hifld',n,hchalnfura
longtime.
Bn."hc"hol1tdbcd,iedilllhcairbybcingbiddown
horirontllilywiththehain,u'p"nde<loverlhee<lgeofllpJaleor
ink''',nc,Tnldilionally,paintc .. "",dah""h''''''I,nrwn",,,,k
,nll ... bal"'{J(a"'tJun,,,in,lo,nl,htod,,ml,bruj"c.,,,'hilci"lhc
pro""(l'ainling ForChinCll1:painlingi,i""'I".n""'IOb"
""Ira careful wuh .. aleror dampness as tM ab,orbomcy of
!ht:paperpulsil"", ... ",rullhaninnnlinaryWcOlc.n
HIlWe"u, brusheoo>hould 00\ be kft todry
onll>e'nkrnl'lf,hcmoi"urcoccpsduwnluculLct:lallhc:lo.l.eof

rOJlJakclheblxkink,lheink<lickisrubl>Min .....
"'OIlC. '11", ,I(rindingauwn n,bsink fcom ..... "nahling '110
mixwilhlhcwll.ler, n lClirKnhtlltain"fthtu,k'*" ..... "he

grinding
.houJd lxexU'e"",ly om",,,h and h."d mO.l
fam"". 'nk $l\id 10 Ix from Ihe Anh"i <1i""C'I of China,
"' .... ..., mO .... are "",n,.frombl""ksIOllc. lJu"h",,.I"""..J ..
n:d IIT'I"','n m"'king. in 'hI'
Old Chin""" Ink;. """ lIIixed ... ;,,,
ingrroicn'SIOh .... J;,'ngedlcLh m lT1C!lcompn,.,d,oI0Ihe
fom.ofaolirk""'llcWIlI.round,"'"IC.imT<"'l"."".IIrt"ra .. :''(j
",ith.-hofMtU,.,lndpiclu--,'ngold,Olherink'ncksa",,,,,,,1r
.... ,,j.h,pofkfal.a,,,ltn,,skor
,ingriolhc'"
(Tradi,ion if'hi , ink "id, i, TIlbbed 011 01,,"
ton&\lt. il" tonsidr,,'d., g;ood focfiu ""dwn,'ul,iollS)
.
"ick. b],ock wnichdoeiJJo,,,id:lheh"u,1I ""if!
Or r.<I" "'illl ,i"Ie
Tile ';'TOt til< Ill],; oJ'{luJd h. compalilJle "'"" li,eor
ink !-\UlW lin wludl H '" rn ..... rubLt:.! and "bit (u ,,,.J-.e
ma"<"can<lp,,;nlinK""C
required. ,lick, mk
",onea"dbru,h:Lula,horll'icccofwri,ingwilino,nff(jw
mud, iok '0 he ma<k, w th .. slick amI oc .<Iuance
very &lowly wilh uie, LUllhe iuk
MiIingthcl nk
lhe artist always p"'pares Ic"sh ink
Chi,,,,,,, ink i, in il i, nol suilable for


Chine", ink Slick. TI,e adion of mhbingthc ink "ick in W',eT
on lhe in\; ,'o"ch.c,thr-p'ychologicallymeditati'-edfectof

alway.ho-<:nrrgaruedalrno"a,a ... u-cdrite
Tomix ink. firs, pUl soltledearwalcr itllo lh" well 01',10,
ink "wni< Hold,heink.!ickuprightanddiponeenditlloth.

ink "Onc. (Thc amoun' of upon how ",,,eh ink
Ikgi!\wilhaoouthulfulea'poonfuJ,then
np<ric""," will help you 10 irt t: n,a,,' or rlnn",-.. " ,hi,.)
Rublheink"ick.lr"ngly"nthc."'ncindod .... i""cirdes
umiJlheinki.,hickandoily,Whenlheruooingmolion...,n"lo
adhe,""Uloistcnlhc cndoflhc"ickagainwilhwarcr,oraddan
extra from a tiny spoon , The ink is
ready i, ,..,,,,,he,an leaving
trail. bthind on lht "one urbce, By that lillie theralhel
ahrasi,enoi",oflhegrindingha.becomemuffiedandsofter.As
evaporate., the mixtu,.., become. ,lowly
Caring for the Ink Stick and Ink Stone
I"heink,{ick,houldnolbelehtostandontheink"one, oritwill
stickwitanddamage,he",one,lhe,...,foreaUowi{todryfn;dyin

.wn", a. the gritty grain.",,,, 'Ix,;l n<:wly ink if they
Gentle .... ashing will keep the stone',
The Painting Surf""e
With all the tools now assembled, the paper must be ",]e<:ted and
thenallthc'rourt",a."rc,,,fth,,,,,,rli,,'willh,,.-.:adyand
paintingcanbegin.Ch'nep.aperisavailaLleinmanyqualitie.
and kintb,lt wasurigindllymddcfwmtitcUarkofln:c,amJold
fi .hingne,",buti.nowmadefrorn ri""'''raw, reed., woorlpulp,
elc.So<uepape.-.arcsizcdandt.-.:alL,lwilngluc,othc.-sarrnOl
Al,ogetheftherrartomanylype.ofp.aperwithdifJerentleve],ol
absorbenc}'
Thi.ahSOTb<-ncyisanessentiaiqualityoftnepapcT
l ndi"idualpapers-ricepaper,rnulberryorbarnboo - react
rlilfncntly to tnc hm.h stroke., sotnepainting,urhce can h,,,"
adeterrnilJin!(efJectonthe.tylcoftl.el'ainting.TIlcltthuiqut
ofthchm,hstmkcisalkctcdbywhcthccthcl'apcr.urfacris
rough . mooth, dullorgl""y, mon:,,,le .. ,ab,,,,,bcnt .... ,the
technique.ro:quirLxlmayinducica'luickerl"''']'Slroke,acirier
Lntshthauu,ual,grealCrcontrulof(heink, thickelbru;h ... ork
and a moN' all-o"er style
Sizedl'alH:raliow,fur,lowerbrushwork,a.thcinkdo",nOl
run ><, 'lui<:kly and ir i,al"" f,,., drying. Thne[on:,finc,dclaihl
work i,ea,ierto au:ompli'h "0 this lyl''' of paper
Practicecnable,thcpaintcrtofind","cxa<:tlyhowtheLru'h
and ink n:act w;th each dilfcn;nt pa!.cr',ab"'rh""cy. Since there
;,s<in"consid"rableamountofindi ... id,'al .... orkrL'IUircdin'he
rnakiogofChinc""pa!",.-.,thc.ametYl"'ofpapermayreact
diiTe,"mly ""ith each JifFerent batch ,upplied.

howewT, mm, 1><, plac.:d horizontally On
a nat surface and hdddown by thin, nat weiR!m. Underneath
theChinesc papcr, an ab.mbenthyer. ,ucha,blouingpaperor
new.paper. i, placed '0 take any""]']'" ink
Paper Thicknc"
Paimingpapcrdoc.varyco",idcrablyin thickness. ThelccI50f
aLoorbencya,..,notdirectlyprof'Ortionalwthcthicknc"""fcach
oftheriifTt,n:ntkind.ofpapcr.'incethe ..... ea'eof'htl'al'eT.


onc.hcetofChincseab>orbent l'ap<rmca,"",,2/10Q0inchand
other,varyup'oa.mucha,!2/!OOOincb"hisbeing,htlhick
HOJhopap"r
1hemo51vc .. atilcpapcri.availablci n alongcontinuou.roll.
approximately 25 yaTtl.(22 m)long. The mo.' C<}mmonly u.e<i
widthi.17tinche.(Hcmjwide.aithoughnarro ..... aroll,arr.
alooobtainable, "",,<of the", already divided
U."allyChine"" pap"rha,a'mlw,h' and,..'w"gh ,ide
The' ,rn, ,,,,h'
.idei.,hecorn,ctoncto" .. a,thcpainting . urfa"".Theroilsof
papcraJlhavethi
p""umablya<awayofgivingilthemaxiUluUlI'""iblc
pwtccli"n
Variou'lypc."hilkcanalsobeu.e<ia,apainting,urface.bu,

.. nceofi"k
ahsorbency of the pap"r and the brus.h
HoldinglhcBnuh
lltc adap,abilityofthcChinescbrushi"crymucha,..,,ul,ol,he
way in wbichit i.hdd.Thctechnique.area,depcndentllpon
thi,a,lhcswordOlrokeistothcmanncr<>fholdingth. , word.
l"hchru.hi,notheldcl"""o,hebri.tlco.hu, inthcrniddleorat

a{thctime.Thchandsbouldbeumul'porledanrlbc"hlcl()
move freely. In ancient time, Ihe grip wa, not c""cdy 'he ,ame
a.i{i,now.Onebookdcscriocsthcmovingoftheringandlinlc
fin gc ...
deci,iv" II moment as the adoptionof lheSlirrup ill wadarc. A
totaJlydiffereHtmc{hodwa:!invenledwhichgaveincredibly
lIl"n:controltothemovernentofthebrushandthneforr
produced awh"lc new rangt:ofp"inting
Thebru.hi,heldperpendicuiarlyJ:.:.lweenlhutnbandind",,-

andJ:.:.lowtheindcxfingcr_Thcringfingcrmppor .. thcbm,h

lti.thi,,,,mhin"tionof,upportfromho,hsideSlhaICnable.,he
arti"lorn"vcthchru.hfr-eelyinalldirection,overtheflal
and "ill retain <:on trol over thc movcm"m. of
Ilteplacemenloflhefingcr,isvery,imilarto lhemelhodof
holdingchopoticko,but"'ithagendetouchcapableofchang;ng
liteprc .. urt:<>nthchru,horthcdir<:ctionofm,,,crnmti n.ta,,tly
and without rcarrangcmcntofthcgrip
TIocbnnhGmbchdd vcrticallyorobliqudy, but in all case.
{hegriprrmaillllheoame. lti,no{anea,yposi{iontolake.
c<p"";"lIyfor th,,",,whohave alre.-ulyhdcxp ..
;;:.;rect it<tndling
TM"priglot"",,kp'J1;ti<m, alth""gh it call ""Iy pro<iuce a line
can!(ivcavariablethicknc"anordiuglolhepressurewhichi,
put on itatlhe lim.ofpain{ing. 1fonly the tip ,,,,,chc. the papcr

will dcp<nd on the ink loadingofthcbri"leorurthcrUl'lhclip
Effccti,not only""Jaledlopo.itionandpressure, bUl also to
Ihespttdollhe"rokc.lnlhernain,lhcl",,,,,J,,rokecanbc
made at a , Jower pace than the thin Slroke
rheessenccofChiutscl'aiuliugi.oontained",ithinbrush
' .on'mL The .kiU, im'oh'ed come only with practice; with
oominuou,iuvolverne!ll ,,-ad innc"-",,d ooaccntration, an

lx"itio".andern,ble'thchandtoapplyoorT1Xlpn:"un,",
lhcreby achieving the (k,i n:d ,,,,,,It.
Mixing Shades of Hlack
l'ormo""oontrolovel'thesJtaJe. ili,neassarytomixtheblack
ink deliberatdy illlO ,he ,hades rather than acquitt them
casually mixed toge,her in the brush
I U'ing'hebnJsh,rakesome ofthpdarkinkfromtheink
stoneandpulit(Jtl1(),heplalcMpon:daindish.(The
brush'houldbcwd, Lu,nOldripping.)
2 Using the ,ame brush, ,ah "'aIU, a few drop. at a lime
fromt.hew",,,,hoJdCTto,heplaleandmix.hewaler .. nd
inktogethcr
3
(Evelllually,hi.,houldnmhcntlessarya.e>lperienccwiU
ht: the
i if too light,
5 Bl .. c:kink,h"oldalwaY'''''oocddin:c:tlyfmm,hcink
stone,bUlC3I'emuotbctaken,haltheLru.hi.nottoo we,
will be down
(; When.hellhadr,orlh>Oda,..,.I"i .......
... ;.tobeloadedrorthcl!"*".nake
...

[. ",he ahk,own.toIlheamoun. of water in the
(hu a ptriodoftimcand prarti"". a 'fed' i. al
tOlhec.paci.yofeach inciividu"lhru.hwholdlheink,wh"t the
lOnCi,,,'henlookingallhecolotlf()fthcbru,h,andwhenre'
Ioadingi. nco:uary hccau"" .be brush hal bcwmc .oodry
Evemually.tewndiffe .... mia.edolu"bofblackcanbema<k.
lJu.forlhebeginner.fi,..,ohadctoonhceasil yobtainedfromthc
blackink'$lick. Thediagramohowsthetcshadn.lIO,hatthcy
canbc n:krred ,,, in lattrchap.cn.
Lo.dill,tbe Srul h

illmoot,mponantfea,ures.Strol<cacanonlyhcex<:cu'ru
correo:tly.od withcuntrol if the brush h hccnrorrttdyloadcrl
n.."m<K.tnlofwa.erinthe hruahcon.rols.hewe.nc .. ofthe
tlroke. [f.heimen.ioni.'o .... imabnl,hOlmke"Jlicbflow
freeJyover,hem,faccofthepaper.hllTi ... illwilhinlhe
pain'cClcontrol heni,i,n",,,,,lyimpo"an,forthebru$l.nOI
lobeloowel,(whichcancau""",er-aboorbcn.:y'nchepapet).
bucallOlforicnO!col>eloodry(wll;ch"''1 ... hcbruohllowand

1-...,,. ...... tL.;/lt/ltrulmw". Aoanupenmem in bru'"
k>ood'ngand ademonstra.ionofl .... ,enca';I;.y"rlheClu.oe1t"
bru ..... ...... makelOl""'hI"d[
'nk.n",n:
Dip lhebru,h in r...,.h. dean w;o.lcr .
II"Wlh"urumupriKhtloaUowll>e.urpluowa,erwd"p
off.
3 "i"ouchlhelipof theb,,,,htoth,,darkc,,i,,k onlheink
4 AII"wlhoinklnri",uplhebrinl .
P"""lhe hriJlk")("n.ly .ideoflld",," (lr
p",celMin,],'"
6 TouchlhetiponaagainlOlhcdark,nkonlheJlonc
1l>ert .lht.>uld IH .... be Ihott .one. on the lhe da,kc" al Ihe
lipaOOlhelighICSlloncnea"' .. tolheh:andlcoflhebru ....
Now. pUI Ihcwhcle(>flhebrushbriOile.gcnll)rI< .... nnn
IheChincloepaperftndpain'alincl"'rver...ti<warlolhe
handle of Ihe brush. Thil ""ok. should show all
thrtt lonCion the paper.
...,
p . per. then only rema;n On vic ....
. how thd,thcanglrofthehandle
<"""",I,bothllocwid,hnflh.'lrokeaH<],hetnnc . lf,hehrushi.
hd<lul',ight.fOf"'''ance.lhenonlyon'''lonc .... ill ... ''lllt.Theink
.
.... ... ah"",

chanS"s can be adu""cd
'lui,, diffcf'<'nt elTecn are ,,],taincd
a)

Ilei[>fulw
tllelndi,id"a1'lrok.'<dn b. ... ... inthe
"f'hebru.h"mrk
Th" < h.,p'c," will demon'lrate ju", a few oflh. way'
,ha,Chine",IJh,,kinkwgelh"'''o'illlaChinese]'ru.h,un
a ... in tho: pageant of s
Bamboo
Tlwhamboo p;ro .. .... I,,!,(h,... a ,,,,,,,,.nd ", ,h, ... mr
fnmilya, gT"". Tt. Sttnl. .... u!."raightandh.oJlo ...
JI,,;nlingupward .
buu,ifulundcrailcondilioll.-otrugglinghrneatI\Iht,",'inttr
.now or ....... ying with rhCSlonn. mo<.ln or in tht sun
Ahhoughbambot.i.d'$fril>utnlmrougt""Ulhc.ubtropicaJ


Thcre,.,..,ab"u' <omegrowin"w
100 .,nd 1'10 feel .. nd having "rn,. up to 11
.. key mk inChine'" cult"", and
.. r.tlly.".hapelhfcoumry.lifc .. yk-
p.,...,andf>3inl" ...
"",ngth.SuShihw.d.' l w<>uJdr,,,berea,,,,,,,,,, ... ,hanli>-r
wUboulharnboo, TlIelatkofmeaIWilimakrme .bin,l>ut the
IM'-X of bamboo will ", ukc me ,...ugar.' Uu""g .he South.rn and
No"hern Dynastic . a group of..".,, of"'n .. ro we .... known
as ,he s.,'-en Wi.., Men ,,(,he RambooGrove. "" wi..!"m cam ..

we3lherin!{a1lmndilioru.!IOi'camc.orq' ....... n.'hepcrf .. n
gendcm3li who .... main. W," Cheng-mim: ".-o.c

If anyone !Ubj"':l area, ",,1<1 1>0.- .aid to cpilou.i "" ..
..
he bamboo. T he ""><1"'" ofba",boo i, allied in manl
.uoke ....-I' ''''"<i in Chin .. .., ",-min_ Wh"n painung
Ih .. ""anlwnot.e.itallon.uh""hm<'<'l.papcr"in<",IM'IK,_r

Tranquilli,ycomhinwwi,hwnr.dcnll>n"hromroli.ntttic,1I"
acluc\'ca ouccr .. f"lbA,nboo
... .. ctma"Cf.a!l'''at<l,,.J
1>60h,,-n ",ri", " about -1'h .. i.a
NlmpaC1.c"';unufthcprit>CipJ ... invulv""in'hi
CI"n.o<: hnnh pai",II'I( .... h...-rromposi1ion. brush wntml
",k'unc.ar"aU ... .. "h,"(utsfulbarnhu<J
Principlcl of Bamboo Painting - Cuffipo. ition
Bambooi,rnad""pofj.Odpans:the"eul,thekllotorjoint, the
hraTlches andlhe ieavcs
:
5houJdu."hor'"ho<cformingthemiddie,houldbo-Joog,
while al the ba<;cofthc stern they _,hon
3 ,ha' "1'1""" ";lhererl ,
The stem, ,hollid n01 be of the .ame height
5 The cdg<," of the stem shou/d be di"iJlct
Ii Thckn""'houldfirmlyjointhc!!ttlionsabov<:anc!lx:low
them, their form, "':ing hlf ciede
7 AlalXlulthcfifthknotabovethesoil , thebranchesand
ocgin to RWW
II being paimed, the
9 HthcrearethrttormMe"ern., then'h,,,,,,in th'

the back in light tones
JO
c)adryne .. tha,J.H)"likcde<:ay;d)ooar-.ene .. oftexture;
e)adensil)' ofink
'pacingbc'wcrn kno,"
I TI"'upl""rpallofr""knolshouJdco' .... ""Jo ...
Jo,...,rpan should SUWOll th" "1'IlCr
2 Kn",u"",,,,ldnolbetoob'll'"o, .. ,,,smail
3 Knoti lhouldnolbr."fequalilu
i Thcy.h"ulduorbetoocuntcd
:; The."""" IlCtween them Ihould "or be tOO large:
I aHd thin 11mnch". gro .... i ng f ... un
2
I:f\OIoanrlarereallyasmnllcrV"Niollofthem,.jnhamboo
3 Branch ... grow ")"'rrtatdy from thckno .... "'fthe Item.
cannOO grow from ... ,,,booplanl
4 InLuKhcal""painr;ng.thebambooi'lIOthinthattIK
hr-.mch ... look lIalk. ofgrass
I ... bn.uhohouldhc ... 'ura'edwirh",k
2 1Ih""loJ ",0\.., am! wid", ...
3 Thc ..
thenhravy
41ftherca,,,'"Bnyleavellh,y.houldnotbo,angleoJ
5
,h"Llank l paccl
6
taut and give an imp,..,.,iOfl of

8 In f,"rwo:.uherbamb"" l"a,"a cornposelhcm..,ke. nurM
.. mngforkdbntnrh. whh.llla1llea ' ..,. a'thc'ipof, ....
branches and group. Oflal'J{Cf I,,;on" near lhe ba><: ur body
"I .. ",
FivcCSKnliail (Qrgoodbamlx>u pai nl' ng

i Bef",", .. .h"uW ""dear in Ih.
... lyflXedin
5 All bamboo mould ""hen
plannU)1I11.., <"UIf'l>""i.iun
EmlfiMG....J
I A"oid",ak"'K.'c,,,.hkcdrurn>licu
2 Avoirlmakingjoin .. ofooquallength
3 A'''';dliningup'hebarnbooslikcafenre
4 A",,,dpl;oo,ingthc ka,..,.alllOonclidc
5 Avoid ,he k",-c.like thcfingtT,,,fan 'n" ... ",,,:h,d
,he (ri .. cro .. of "net. fl' like 'he lc",'c. "f a
J
a "",u from the bOllo", upw.ml.
Theamoo."lIofbri.lIcolllhcpapcrindicat"$,h">l"m
",',d,h.up.oamaximurnofthc'mallcng,hnfd ... hri5.lc
JIIacc.t.ebrusi,on'iocpaperalid

6 .. 'd;l'C<;dy
onto,IM: ... .,m,,.,iti.nocpouihlc,,,,,w:rpain.,
'/:Whoouorj",w"hlChu,vi<ktberlcm houklbeaddcclin,,,k
... hichi.o""i1.a<kdarkerlhan'hc ...
addf:dhcfo""hc"c"'LJLlry.
jol1UJt."ta
I .. c,,,
""".iom.IH"OIl,httoponcunly 111
2 Somcrimc wu<.l",del"lc;anhcm"",nN.oneon'hc."V
occrionoflhcb .. "no:;h""bdott.andR:simil .... >hapt.bm
up.i<.lcdo"' n Otllhebottornbranchlttl;,m
1 Ilranchcs!(tU ... ahc",ale1yfromlht-ln""'orlh" .. m .
"l'MlAJO<J

2 I ... a'escant.. ... in!cd "pwam., OTlLangingdo .. n.

romposi.ion.U.,a1ly ..... aIlgroupo.cndtohll,.,"a/llhc
paimffi in .he ",me dirttlmn
J . hen """, ",uS!be!akennOl'B
Qverload.hcbn ..

",<kyt..fQre topof!hem
/\ '



' \
\

" ,
\ 'i
. .
"
Calligmpf1y
The ,ermcalligraphy Ih"Crttk ,,'ork 'kaUigraphi,,'
which mc .. n.l>c .. u,iful writing, For the Chine .. , ,he hiKh
Itandarulor brul.hworkapply.od,i'lIn ..... pplywpaint ing.for
(.-Jligrapl,y i. an an form in iudf.
--

aor .... StylO
,-",....,
-""-

'22120781:)

11I;>2-2!\IlI6CI 12078C.o.O!al' ..... )

n "01 UJ

X
X
;K
lie
..
10
i JLi J\.
A
....... - ..... "'"",-,109> .......

'5'


Jj(
f'
"
. ,
Il
"
s,.....""",,_,,,, __
08
e f9
8 f.1

rJ

C""""I S' Vio



t,
4l
'K
A,
t
$

+



An OOC,,-",, ',"SCCO'1tJ i'1<cg wine
The wnne.ction!>e{w""n 'he all ofwri{ingChin.""charac{cu
and[hear{ofp"intingi,,'a,ieTtoundn""nd .... henyoll"''''.i,i<:r
{hal the.., ....... at actually pic{u", .
carlie", mode o(wrinen(ommunication was in the form of
piclograph,rdthcrli.'-lheF.!',),l'li"n hinuglyphi" . When a
!IIiJr" con'l'iex 'y,h'm it hrtaJne
evcr m<;lT< {o th. pictorial form'
or chamc"",., whcr<" onr .tovd fOT palliculaT word
The historical "volmion ofthe wriuen languageuplain,
vuietyof"yle.fo"nddming,hrrli/fcr-en,drn" .. ,i" . Th,
.... erefoundcar" ..
wt", from theShaui( Dyna,[y Be)_ Amo,""
formali ..,dlarg .. ..,alscrip{d .. vdop<"dduritlg the ChOllDyna'ty
(1122-256 Be) and wa. in<('fi)",d in hnm7.cand ."'nc. Dnring
,heeh'i" Oyna>ly (221_207 BG)thc ,mall sea! "ylc, which i,
,tillll",<lin , .. "d'{9<iay,w"" intrOOncedby {h ..
S,u .
in u'" from 'he Han Dynasty (207 Be-AD 220)
!Othe hoginning()fthc Sui Oyn,,"y ( AO
11----
)j ,--... _ ...

of writing which arc usedappropriatclyto
Tol><:abletowrilesomeChincoccharantuonapaiming -
,hc<iatcoragoodh.cl.ymbol,ofpoochap,a,,,,al1f>O"m-i,,h,
ca,it" way (0 ""gin Chinc'iCL-...!ligraphy. Later il may
I><:po"ibletomakcthccallig<al'h),lhewholefocu,andm ... in
d<:mcnloflhecompo.itionbut.ofco"""',ili.aJwaysvr ry
difficult 10 ,,'rile wi,h in a foreign language

undcn:>lirnatttl,ScrollsofcaUigmphyar<tradilionaUyoITCr<:da,
giftsandlheya..,u...daswall-hangin!>",handscroll.andalb"",
<arne manner a, painting . 'I 'he (woarU ,hare a
common origin ann "ad, cvol,oo as a mean, ofmaxing an
aes,hc(i".taIC,,,,:nl,
The Chin .... the wri"cn .yrnl>olo Chine""
language, made upof ... par"_ Each pdn
i, called ' a componcm' _ (S()lIIe aTC

'he f()llo ... are ",,'-en mo"
. Ill<: arrow. ,how the dirttlion ofthebru,h
.J
'- ..
<rI!
t l .,,-
main involved in Callignphy
Angk 'he bn .. h handle away from )"ou"",,lf", approxi ma,dy
i5".l'oinl,hebru,hliptolhelOplef,cornerofthepal"'r.J' ... ,

lifting off.
T""drop,I",*,
Holdthe bn>,hve"ically. p,.., .. quick.Jy,oJo ....
i, the Hook. and Teardropoombincd. bu, lcngthen<:d
and logical
ancicach"rokefollow"h<:<>,hr:rinal'rL-ci><:andrhythmic
order . The general rule i.,o work fro,,, the tOP down. and from
Idr ,0 right wi thin "a<:h d,aracter. The,u(c.",ivecharactc"""rt:
placed in verlical row
righ'hand'ide. Each new ww h<:g1m at Ihc top and i. placed to
,hekftof,bepreviousone
AlthougheverydayCbine"'writingi , no ..... dnnehnrizontaUy,
it i" , illo:mino:ntlyaC'''I',ahltforpocms.couplelSordeoo"ni,,
..... riting on l'ainting 1o retaill the old forma, of vertical line.
Theindividual"roke.a1readydeseribed,bouldlx l'"octi<e<l

if the work i. to he particularly lar!(e.
upright and. 10 aUow (ortotally frtt movement ar m. the
..... ri .. ,bouidnn'beallowoolOre" ",,'he.urfaccoflj,cpapo:r
The ink u",,-d ,houldbt: arich, strong bJack. Jhe loade<l
thorouKldybutwilhoulbeinR5U!"'r-saturated .Rcm<:mhcrl<>
;nc"" ... :th"I",,,.,,,,:t<lbroauenthenroke and,,,I,,,,,.,,;,,,,
oolainanarrowerline.Trytodcwlopgra,dulhooking>lrokc. ,
card,..., but , wN:ping ,troke< and well
propol1ionOObut.df-"ontainedlongSlroke . Boldnc"i,
rcquircdforthedo .... mlshorlSlroke.
As witl,a11the Chine.., bru'hwork. mnfidcncc Ita, lObe
devdopedbypracli"".Abt,ld.mrclouchi, anece .. ityfm
",crc ...
oblilcralingi.availablcfortheChine..,calligrapher, hllt
conSlant praCli"," u.ing the br",h will cvcntually deveiop the

whereindi,idual.trok"pradicci,notenC0uraged,calligml'hy

chatactetcomponent
o,:vd"I,;ngfmmlhi',lhequaiityofthcbnl,hw,orki,judRed,
no' only by the length and ,hickne" ofth" indi,idual "roke., but
a100 by flOW !trokes each othn a. they are wrillen in
'" form each character
rule,of "tOKe or<lerin writing Chinese charancrsare as
t
1\.
t
A
'J

1 i'iF
eh con>pQ""'" ". I," "",,"toocr poro>l
W
17 F7
ff1 17 III
!I7
IJ\
1\
" .. " .. t"""'''
M".,,,f,hclICrulc,and,hcha,ic,trukcc!ctllemsa,..,oomainffi
within much for ' long life',

ofcalligraphy"" "><,",ull.a,anc,,,broidery
cOnlain.u wilhin many goodwill
on Chine..: NewYcarCdTrk hean
fin' calligraphic painting tnutif. after 'he individual strok., ha""


i, ohcnheip.,ovarylh ... i7.rofthc("h"ro1Ctcrtoftrtd
whiehpar,ieularforlHal.uit,yoube<lforpraelicepurJ'O'l'"
Anothetpopularcharactcri.luek'whiehisFu(pronounced
fool. Again, lhearrows oolltdirttlion andorderofstmke, .. ,
tha, th<: eharanrr will dC"dop rhythmically a, i,is p.aint.u
lfoncSirokedoe,nolquitejoillontoth"nnt.iti.rnuch
gap. than w,mcml'ttoadd anextra
l'iecetothccharaC1n.andofmun.c.asalw"yswilhlTadilional

bru,hleehniqueha,eau""danincorrecl lt rok<:toberormffi,No
... l;ngof
aecorrtpli<I""e"'when.aftermanyf"uItY]l",uict'l'ic",, .
character.or"'cnone'(ro\:".aI'J"' ..... raultlessJyonthe
ab .. >rh<:nt paintins " "fac,
'llu:addiliono(.hcchan'Clerfu.-'happin"",,'lOlhctwo
a1""ady dctcribed, wiu enallk the painter", wri.e 'i\U Good
Ww.e.luck,h"ppincuandkmglifc
Aruxhetunallbu.u.dul..,ri.,.of,:harac ...
numlx ... , plus charac<a. for month and year
necnsarytoenablc: thcdatetobe A painting_ml'o be
,no.-clinllhedt("ilda.cdandthcornalln"mbcrofch"""'t" ..

*
-'<::
"-
it
+
- k' -\:,'
_, .l\. )\
- it 1L
T
TO '*fJin with 1M ," .. bfl ",,"it;. 't lwl if """" .. c u , ~ c ~ lind p""';Wnis
requirt!dlmnlmmonth.ndlmdayc8nbe8dd.,.}.
0"" 'good wilh phrQC' .. I." poP"laron(mbruidery, .occ" .. ,o
sumupthefu-",nginginO"""""ofcalligraphy ;uananfo
nn
,
..-.:althur" .. ci(n,phito.opt.yinH
minimum of writing. n.c ",al ciarao;t(r;nlltrip'iun >hown ""ado
'Wu fuchinju', 'MIOy ),,'" u.. fh'e bkMingundcmbody
lhcnintsilllilnril ift (inyourpc:rllon),. n,e'fjve Rk .. ing'acc
longlife,wuhh,hulth,manyllQ,u andanalur"l<ka,h . On,he
form
TI>e'nine limilarilics attembodi<:din,hel'oll,,,,ingwW.
'Like ruKh hiU., moun,ain m",,...,..like 10000must
likelhe""'rn. ltkelhc:.un,like
,hcagc:ofthe.sou,hcrnhills andlilo;r.lhelu><urian"eoflirand
cyp"''', 110 may he 'hy inc",,<U<' "nddtsnd"nls lOOOmc
u3tlicoonaUy pairn lim owimmu'K on Iran
aniucaughtdlecw ..... ndturnsofli.h.",immingamongrhe
then the painting"'ould "" mo", P""W t.y

a.itwaol>t:licvedlioM.i.could trans(<>nnindfi",oad.aSl>nby
Lungmen Falbon Ri,rr. il ... bt
....... ymboloflitc ryeminellct:.o,itwa.u><:dff'.ymboJillelhc
p ..... ingofexamin.tions .. ithdi .. inoion. ... OI'
ttramicv ....... Ullapi.-l;u;ulia .. dj<kco. .... ings ....... dl,..in
manypa,mings
lymbol,>I'maniaJauributeo.and ... i,,,,,,ggl ... aga,,, .. thr
"",....,n'u ... bo."',,,':oc'>tati,"'emWt:mofpoerae>c, .. ,"'"

h;umony,whilcgrouPfoff"".wimminggrao:dully ... iththe
wa,enno..canberonoo"ed ... avi.ualdemoll"",,,Kmofthe
Chino:se ... ayofthinkutg.liguringbo,hinTaoisralldSu,klhiSl
philollOphy. The fill, .ignif",. freedom from reltrairns. "'''ving
ca.ily,hrough,hcwaterinanydirtttioll.TI,cAowoffi,httt
be pa..-.. lldcd by in ,hc,'v"..,.hnnging
namnllworld
Carpcanliveto60ycan'OJ<.land "venuplo 100. They are
oftcnkepta.p"uand<anadjuOllodiffcrcntwa'erteW""r"'uff'
anddimatet . Thcy.reea. ilyfcd",;th,cg<:tabl,,,.noodlelor
coolttlri.,..

mcuJlicoo:ale . n...,r('arel.OOO)'Ca .... ofdocu,n<:nlf'(ilradtlion'"
dilu,cx! ink (,t.lgt I),
(,I<>gt1) , t,.,paimed

stroke, which (lI"gt1)
Finally. ... till
and tail, in 1II1X1;UIII Klk, 1"" ,,,,, fini'h ing 'o"che.
rwuu'IF"",
I Eyel.ndmouth; nblack; nk
2
3 Addrour1o:gs
.. Addf...,t,thrttone,.,.hlr.gind4rki.hink
5 L.o.ltlyinpakrinkaddalincforlh.fmg'.unde ... ide
.,.... .... ...,.".
6 "IMii,et..ody""gn,chl.an:l'ainn:ciwi,hadoubl<I,"""'1


cardul plau:"",n, "r,hc 5<:mi-rirCl,!ar <1n:>kes
j O'uhnt'he ... n<k'nulhuf'h,,"'glncnl>
8 Add leg.
9 AdoJl3,t
10
II
I""i",r.rruk,.
Wi,h a fi". l,.."h .... d dark ink acld ,h,'"Y'''
La .. IYlhrfeders, in ........ epinK"roke. Shouldlhe
I>", .h I,"" he in ti,e CO""" of ,hi.
,he'l>a<'r!w,wl,<;n,houldnot!X'filledinoran)'3uempt ,
made'oj<l'JI "l'llw'''-''J>aru,.fth''''rokr, Th"(:hin,'''' , _},
....... nl 1!",r
..


A pauern j. made kelen "hen

in paillllUl!: I" ""[,calc the waler by WdVY [""" _ "" wdl
.. 1 'hal hhnk '1''''''' in "nomr"";';,,n w;,h (',h ,'.,,, "oly
"'p"'oemwater.
We"ern arti" ""h" f,'tl' 'hr '0 (,11 "1' par'"'. i, '"
"In' ,loa, 'he (,""'I",.it;"" (,(In'aim Sh",,],j ,h""
r,..a"ydQub'inlhelnUldaoout ...
NO It i.IIt",< '0 ha, ... k ... in ,hr
pOclurcd,a"d""""ron>wd,:dloaon,ing

I Bodywlthlwo-cok>ur,,'C .. ,roIte
'1 1C),(,lIemi-drdc."ndulKkrbodylincind2rItK"'Y
3 M" .... h.rwlc:ynintJc.epblacl-
4 F .... rJlllefinland ilinmcd.iulligTey
!> Thinbla<;klincl"nf",.andtail
PaUuUitC,.b.
U5Uallyt .... n-..t>i l>ainled;naUon<: ..
arcp" .. ihk,11.eorderofp.o.in.ingil
I
'1
.1 'Thteyelarewe.bIobo,c"""h,,i.hRIl"}',, .. a1k

... wa,er

fi'h. IOmetimeli;"S', fi,h swimming around their , mailer
fi sh may be ,.j,own witt> a)",,,,
/lowt:. ,orfmglsininROnalull>_,leaf.oronari vcrUank
.. iti"n.;nwhilhr.,h""'thc"'aUI
;, alway. nn (lemen. implicit in
.hcpainting.A.manyC':hin."',,,,inling.a.rt:""thcr .. ,,,ilin
co"",,,p{,!lUchcoml'O';{ion,makeawdromcchltng.
flowers
The Chi"""" an: I" flowen and lheir cul!i"'<1;on
111
He. II i.the nalura.l8newhid, "''''110. ifp', .. ,ihk.
shadYloooI.oflotu. andgoldf,m.m.n yrebn<lgr .... UI11fii

forthca....v.
F.ach in China hal; a mcan"'g and. funhrr, Chin",'
woman i''''I",,.ellled in tho: 'odlt"rworid' h)' a
flnwer. Oneortho: commOn n .. "",. forChind i. 'lho: Job .... ')"
1..llIIt! anddiffr:n:n. nowtnand hlouom ..... u .. d ..
.... uf'hcYur.:uwdl"'lllt"
fouroeaoon . f'anicularno .. ...... n:I'<"rt<JIO
hcpaintedwi,h'jIC"Clficbird . 11,cpeony
flo .... ".(nutthe lrttpeony).form.t.nr ... "
.. bltlelhe
phoenix. the pcanK.k Or lhe
Thcchart .,how, t h. <y",ool;,,,, and grouping,ollhctiifTnclll
fiowN.andbJosool!l. ,hwug"hou,thcynr
Floral Calcnd ... and Flower Symboli. m

(;,.",<101,,""1'
w"" ... J) be.u,y
1..o<l(lifc, ;",,,,,,,,.I0,,
1")',"'";'""'"
c;c. ..... !"' .... <e, .. :e




ll>e llo",nbeadstMmt(I""Iaf'C .... imed tbe Ju\'u
and Iutly tht Me'"I. Thne in .ha.
gnossord"d.hlo'"lrn;C!t,a'"' J",in,cdfinl;ond !Jloao)",,,1\Ot
regardfd at'a Dowu' in .11" .... "e wayu. "'y, a lily odo.u.
M""I Chi_traditional ani ... begi" by .... iRI'ng .hr m, .. '
imp<>n"nt element .,r.he l llbjecl mMler . It i . lhe ..... f" ...... ""ry
.. in.hc caoeuf" vlant'hi ... uultJloe.he
flow<:ril.O<lf;f"c hl",,,,, ,n, . i,i hehmnch ... hichi.,.,oo.
oomiMnt;andthfeltganc"ofagca .. orchidisprovidlhl' ,h,
'l"-"1:i..:J ",""rh'l'l'ing of i" long,.hin \ca,''''
A. lhcn: .n: bi.sicaUyt"()mctho(J.ofl'aiming - th""",li",,
mc,rnKJandthc .... lidJI ..... kclnhni'lLlC - ad"';.:cha""I"''''acle
... .. 'cr
mmpooi.i()nl , M"",nowencanbel"'in'cdinci.h<:f""I",,'1ucOr
awmhination "flhe twomc.h",:!.. That i.luuy.then: arc .I, rrt
wa)'.
I AUoutiine
. .. rnkckm.,.
F....chof.hncaltl"rnl.u'.,,lm.tIla. .. adiffett:ntetnllhallStnllte
completed pa'nting. are I"'inted IOt . lll' in 'm,lin"
maybc<l<: .... il"'1'I",,ligh.in"ml'ha.i.,, .. i'i.l.hchru,h"",,1t

Dowen ,leavesamJ llemlareaUpaimedinthesolid ltrQke
,..:hnique. , in"
muc.h moreof, hebrlllhheadhMOC<:napl'l icd''''h''l'ai'''ing

for.pecificflo .. 'en.allhollghlhtre arecenainlynon,la

.\too.ootJ'nc.""h''''1uc Dowcn;orepain,ed ",Wack.but.hoe-
soIid"roke.echntql>elareoflcnm""'mitablc.oooloor
:::',:a", of a "ery imponam and poll .......
l"udeuoo",lI"'lclhcotd" ... lIt:hU;LU:, .. ",,,,,.uildblcllower is.he
nan:i .. , ,, . Th .. Shuh,ien, \V'trr Immor,, 1 Of i, ft ....

B)"amiu", In Idi<' ..... imo. whe" .he
Sl'ringFellival.lh(ypt'(:parcfeall. andtlNora.e. he,rhou""
wilhfloweriandplanll,lheirfavouri'eforthi 'l'u'f"'l<'hri ng , h,
"'arc, .. ". Thcflc1ic:a.c. narm",. clIler.tld!!""-..,,, k:4"c .
... hi.eflo",en,goIdentornna,and,iIvery-... hi.erooupro,,;d<'an
r.lcgantblw:kgroond.o.hefell;vi.lesandlhrirdrl .... " ... fn's ..... n"'
........ olhc .. ""I>lw:n:
...... ...... ""h_
eUlCOUlofClu"al..>oocon""gll.cut.i,,unlllo...'n in tI", Ifld,
crn'ury,,.....""a.-.:ma .. yvarie,;.,.ofnal'cissu.,wllichdi . k!c
imo ... cn:dC>,cgory ... hichha.sixprtall ..... l h,
bunch.n......"..,..vanc.ywhichha.aNlTOnanf.pli,I""ab
dUJ(crttiinal>llJI"",1'<'
... brl;r"r,ha. ""fT1"",nrr3n<l ''''''
.. '''r1ikenit to an aoocnt P'l"m or t",;n.ing

rwgani"""hecompom,on""I"lRinda.fuUya'f>O",blc.wh,Je
carcfullyrul>biuK,h"",k,lickoulhciuk.loHc
\(- I

,r
r'"""llhtN"f(luoJ
J
,],ei"'.r,.nc
2 Jl<'ginning with Ihe mo,' central !lower. paint ill
aJldtloc"cd.hl)"'al .. ar1ingfmm Thein.idrf)f'hr t1 ......
3 "'n', mix rhe hI",. ink with some wa'er"u ' he p. .... ctlc
wi'hdar.gn'YI''''n'' .... ,,'''linrof' ..... 'hirkc ....... ionofthr
OlcmnUreSltod,eflower
+ :-'u"hch"lhi<I,,,inu-.l,,i,hi"n>o<s
5 Fin.>lty . hcl"ngcicgan,ka''''''''.-painr<'dind.ukink
rh .. composition,whir.hdcariyww.,,hi ... OO" ...... i .. ,hcor
dcg,m' .""pJ"'uy, can be kft as romrk'c '" .hi .. 'agt", or ...

. fhcinfc"';o"i.nOlm .. Tdy'ofjll;nlh"
.. .. 1d
belucll,ha,aU,heOlulina"nodryberorcaddi"glh .. "..hlOdc.
Todt:mnn ..... lClhc .. hcrh"U> ... ... "d.ohd
fIr>wcn. iuh"
Todt(ChinCK, 1"" Imll. is ,hemos, import ... nt ofaU ,he
cuhiva"dllowrrs.gru .. "forbothit$be,,,"y ... ,,ditsu.sef,,h ... ..
hh;ular S"hlu-'''''.'imedpink.crc;ully"hi,eoryt'lio
w
gouwmgo""alUsixororvcnrcc,high. appenringrro.u 'he
(cn""of'"rybl"OlOd.{I<>mclim"",hrttf""tincll ... ",,,erj,
II,."uniurn' lhapcdk,,,c.
F.V<'ryJ"'rt"r']OIipJamha.a_'I"",i..:Juoc: 'he frui""ndlca,-el
areuscda. food:.hr.driNiyclluw"amen.n",,,,,,,da,a,,

orca,enaaadClscrt.TI",kcmd.areboiled i" """p.roaslcd".
raw, wl"le ,h" ""mlare ,Ji",xl and ooil<'d. Thr 1"a"cHan
belak"n m<,lici"ally Or u..-d dricd wwrap food
Thclmul;,al"'koown ....... ymbolofpu,.;'ya"'lped,ion,
growingoulof'hcml>!li"'"a ..
fn,i.ful"" .. llICOOwtnaf'l'opcnfUra'"erelh ...... day.,lllCn
,,,,,alb) pnallh"ydisinlcgra,c.lea,inl:lhegn,,n..,..,.]ht;ad
.. ".,..
hM.beromc vcryposili,'eJyronncr,ru,oRuddhism,I"'rtly
.. uaJ
ccp""",rualion of,hr Wh""l of,ht Law bylhr fIr>wer [onn, whh
,hcpc,all lakinglhcpl""",,,rlh" 'pokn. Rucldh4i.,, ,uaUy
reprellCn,ccI,os"",,,,,,,t,,nll,,,,,,,credlotu.and.i,,imitalion,,r
,hi . R"oI,II",lprttmhavt d<,dopcd,htloltlsp""' ''fC' a
crOlml'cd posi'ion whichdnd0l'.a Slale of bodily 1'''4. The
noweri ,al,.,oneof,her.ightlrca.UI-e,.",id,,,lw:a,,,plcious
on the 8/11 .. "rauddha's fOOl


of Taoi,m ,hr",hrr "'4;" Chi...,... rdigi""_ T heseed-n,I'''''
lbeJoru ... rm.hoIdu'Rui,<loe$many..,..,.]"becomr.an
cmWcmoroffspring.
' j']'elo'u.i,a!sorcgarded"'''''p",."n,in!j',uIIltnerand
.. odfnrminl'aiJlliJ1gs,in
cmbwidcry,on carpc"alJ(ias C<:l'amic<iecoralion.

tbefaet lilalthe
We"ern painter may "'ell never havc """,n a lotu, bioom, iti , 'hc
mo" important Howerin Chines<: traditional and as
demon>! rale...! by lhe power and of ,hade.
3 S,-"ropod'()llth ..

i If,he tt((l podJ:a""., illJul'TOUndedhy.hepctoolJofthc
fi""er,thi:n'ioepctal.growfrum,h"ha>(of , hepod"nd
.. , :
pain'ed.
5 r hcn"w ..
nett..,.ry [0 ,how them.lighHO...ro, ,loin ink lines can he
included
6 The"'a'"Qc ... nboelhowllill variou { ...

7 On [he'Tin.rac/ia'cfmm.hr .... n' ... or

lcafcdge
II Th .. I ... f .calk. chan flower .,alk$

leafe(!in grcrJllhi,i,rcgardC<lalanomenofgooodfortun.;b",if
'hckaves<!ryup ... dt/"'floW<' ...... <kknlrfll<lc,lhiJpn:"'"lI".
.. gdtsaSln
tUlhewt>olcfamily
planu.,..: di,ided into lwokinds; . ho'" with
.tc"".u,,,a1lypen:'lRiab.a .. <lherbat;.,o"'pLalllswhkha,,,
u.u.allyannualt
Pa;''' ''IIIM P","y
Followulg 1hc l ... "u.ngof'hcnarci ...... ,..anall-uutline/lowe.,
and,II.:Iut".,which","'painrm;nt/"'comh'fledle<:hniqu of
O1nh".nowcra"dllOlid-.. ,Ii(: ,hirdU:c:hn,quei.",
..
tunt:btol;f

gdi"""'CT
I>""n ,h.cfl""",,..,,and 1 .. in 11,,,
pronyisagoo<lex.:unplcoflhism.thod"'tl .. nds"telftot""
imprUlioll'$lic Iooocncuofthc hnuh "<ok .... , in oon!rl.O( to the
can:fuUy COIIJIrUCI<:tl J\<':aln ....... foullin. fk ... ..
' n",lluwcri .. dfi.Jargeandl>tavy.notdehcale.andiaweU
shown by ,h.c 'echniq""" ofohadtsofblack.
The order of poti",.ng (or tile peony ;0: f1o .... er fin'. fol.lo""l by
"'a,ts. and finaUy!1Ie It;. usual 'he:
... Iw'!hcrthe:DowtrisfuDyop<:norhalfOVtn
PctalSc.an""I",n'ed",. hghtshadeofgrcyfin<t,wi,h<trokt,
being "'p"rimP'*(l.n .. -hik tht firM bn,"" ..

ligl>,erinthcmiddlt.wilhttoehJ>",alha,inga,tryraggMMg<
'I'M peony pia", in lh...,.. .. ,""end of
..
lnserts
fkt:.,w""P'.bunerllicsandotherinOlscanbead.kdloflowcr
. rMlbiouom P''''''utgSIO add ['feand a roum ofrnJitm to II",
.... coIl""l;nR:ltw:ir
fragnonu:; Iheydimbalong >,em,and ,u'ght 011 kay,,.. Theycan
be uJCd to him s"btly al lhel\dvcontof.pting. ""mmerOt
aummn,hyrhci.vcryp""",,n,:e.Bun.rlIic.in'pringhavcpliam
wmgsandcnlarge<llowu[",ruofabodyaIJOUllOlay"8K" In
autumn.buuerflies ha,"".lrongw;ngs, kan bodi"""nd tail.

rnomhapf":m!agecuricd,huL,a1ighlcd"""plam,rh"mouth
Utcnd. to penetT"r . he nower and draw ilS "ec,ar. Although

I"""tingoa$ . norn ......
=! br paid 10 .he """own, to maimain .. degn..,nf
Pai nlu.glnS10
wet

tapoft ...... ""d, .
adckd, ;rinl<lIatbccn!J>l ... loed.t"eov<:r .. plhemi .......
Chinae bee smaIkT than fOKign varieties and i. n:gardcd by
hringancrnbkm "findUl lry 3nd thrift. il m ..... c. a
vcry.ui .ahlcaddiliontoA"",crpaintin!l"
Ottin-fotp.;III."l,.ouU(upt onme uutterAi.-... )
I 11.".<1
Z Ro.lyandwingll
3 ILK'



1 In'''''''Il ...
2 ..

3 l .... knnying,anin><u'. bodyd"'P".bu.i ... m.glIpoin
. ,
4
5
vws r.,n''"I [,'''':1s
1 A.m"UpuinK-dlmul .. houldho-ll",--d
2 Ha,r-lim . trokes" .... .......w. wnh mon:d..ti<c",,,
bnuh"-ortfor..,aUysmall,n,,,'f:lI
3 n .. onJcrofpamtinglSryr he,.d.thorax.abdom,n,
"'nRI.Jegsandan'r.nnac
4

Pain""c wing1"fatlyinginso:ct wilharirybrum,work, ,,g
fromlheba""ofthcwins,,'hereitjoin.lhcbodyand
aUo,,ingi.,of;w;kol1,ward
6 FIl ...
7 Shinyin"""",likc",""'plorbef:tle,nccda."db",sh
8 Solid inoct: .. h"''''hcir legs I"'in,m in "'''''ri ... offi .... h"nc-
(like uJ\igraphy) .. rokel with a We' hnnh """-' black
9 ... I"'ukJboepaint('(!in"nc ... "ooth.troke
D",.,y/w
ThedraRonny i.anembkm "r,,,nnnu and asymbol of
in.",hi'i'yandwcAn".,.lri,oftenu.so:dinflow c<pictu,..."
.Ioose a.sociated wi,1o watcrlrh ,heJows
I
.. '
.'

ilr
r
Thecrickct is lhe triple dUlh ,,,,,I
""",,.-a1. Like Howen, insect. h",-( .hf ;'",,"" a
.... 'a"'.,.pjnswiUo .. .. ilh
,he m!lling caI"used "r .he win<!. 'he praying mantis i,,,
",-l a ny arnulf{' . I'"ndan .. ,
j1l<k ..,pn:so:ntcrickell,b<:c., h ullerfl ie, - u""len 1Tinh"lJut
meaningful lO{hc Lo.,'en ..... hocxd".nged them. "n,e pw .. 'nCf o-r a
COcldinlkhomcwasasignofpXld Juck;onbtarmsj'I"""'1
It rndnnrhnly. An of
Ch. k;ng '4y'.lhm'h,f, ...
W()rktothewca,cr .Womcninl',i"cclyhan:lUlkeplthcrn,,,

thatlhc) ...... ldlill. nhal'pilytOlhr"'''hich''"OO'lrlc ..... 'heir
I""eli"""


a. an .htChinu<: J>hil"." .. .. "
hatladream U\ whIch M a buuttUy, happIly H)'lng
from Howct"'O",,c' .ipping lleClat, ' I 'M .. "",T.", ..
j>hilooophcrn:gardcdlhtbuutrl1YM"!CRofconjug..Jf.Ji<-;.y,
pomajllmcChinclltvt""",,,fCul'id
Ahhough..-t>cnI",inl;nginlltClI.thehtoadUUIJU>IIly",,'ll1w
fi",.,thi.i'TKMalwlI.y"ulnlhctaJtoholid-..
Sine<:Ihc: .. inl""",therno5limpCII,an'pa""rlhcin> iley"n:
painlwrtm




I
2 '\I",II.lhc"holcl>odv ..
! head
f1)"", ""h,",,,rning,ah ... ltcrlly' .... in8U:JU'''lIluup

Bdo", .ChineSf anist hcgim to paim, many hou" h,,<,t t_n
.. rl1i .... forinMan ..... " rlo"kinga'lhc
d,ff .. """.une.;esofin...cls,infligh.anda.", .. ,F.,cry .. nl(lc

.. 'ho "';WlIO portray, al beit .. icaJJy. th ..... aI, Jiving
wt.n<l.lll<'deO("pllonsi,'enl..,n:andlhcpain.inRimlnlCljun.
forin!IKIsma)Sl'lllohcvcryformaJ.hur ..... y.ho .. ldnnlyhc

of'h ...... rruNlhr""r,""fanintc"'''inChinc'''' ... ..uIl.onal
'" ,tw a ami 11101<: .. ay orJookinl! al
,hing. inSlead
lml:inl;, I:vcrplay "CCUreHce . in thf centre
... ""tni",,1

Infu",Il"-t<u,, I'u,fu,-ward in ,hi. >,ion a,-" oniy a
...
f8CinltW. m",U
8irdloan:nn:!ypo.intedby'hc:mochc.LThL"Y.iton'hcb ...... "hof
... crOrreslallhcsi<kora"'alerypooi
TIoeyhdpg;,c!ir""ndm.,vcmcnt . ..J!xitgentle,IU,hcc..J""

p.a.inllngs. l1,cy;ol""n:fcr.ymb.,1ically'.,cha ... .w;lcr'ra".or
implyun"aled3uocialio" .
Chineloebelievelhallhebird li'CS lOl,OOUrearlofnge),lOforan



TMsmalicitcJl!, ... ntHM_,C.nb<J
movedinlKM",,,,,rsi<HrMb<xJyeggsh_
c3
I'he p...,,,,,ding pictu""'giv" lhe Reneral body ,hapc and fnrmat
TToweve',whcnSlaning(Qpai nl1hrhird,hcrc;.ana<H'I"c,1
Chine""ordnofpainling whichha"obefoUowed,Sinc<:lhe
birumuslfir"be ahleloeal .. ndlhen lO<tt, lhdirSl pan ofthe
is th" bilL Next. paim the eye that is near the roofof
Ahhough.,occa,;onaUy.lheeyecan be painted ,h,
beak,theeye.andbeakarealwtl)'$painu,dhdorelheboclyofthe
biTcl,Foliowingthel;.,akandtheeye . thrhead , hollldoc
cornplctcd. then thebird' . bad:,wingfrathcn,hTcastf"athen,
lail.leg.amlr""t
\
TIM: upbin IMortkr forbolh 'bru./ohne'
and tnClbodlof paiminghirds. T il<: bini Can ,hen
beplacnlonab .... Bothmclhod,

""' .. ,'._"., . ".oro ....

Finet>ruonf"ave., I>uA. ndc/;ows. Modiumbnlsh

() ,.
Ar---::--;;::::-'.-' '
/
/'
B,m.gnclofe tnapamnngof"r,,'hcrotaucbranch ortf


anu,a,.ueh,willbtn'qu;r.:dlodernon"calctathermoreofilJ
o .. mu.arancr. Som"paimers "rt:cxl'crl inUle.n"fd<:l'iclinl(
t .... mon: binls in na ... ,ra1 inter .. ",;on ina fine and <k.aikd
"'anncr ..... hiieChail'aiShih.;u"ldeo'weythe/lufline .. "f ..
babychiden w;lh.hl'ffwo1bru.hurok.,.
A ... ilhallothcrklbjuin
""""",""ryl<>.>I'lII"'Ieandenjo)'bird.,nthe>rDarur-alhal"'a,umil
ackarpi",u"'O:-Mlbere,ainroinlho::.nind.btfo..,a"cmptinIl:IO
commit bru'" to paper. Th, .wen"a,i"D of nalu,"" ;, II pkUUIT
in it:odfandoneofthe m .. "y .id.,t.endil5l0 be "b,.unnl fmm It",
.",dyofthi.an<iClllonen,a1anfnrm

'hc)' lake lhem om for walk., c;lloer ,,;U in ,hcirc"-ge., orp<',hp'
.;ningon,ht,i"h"uldcr
Bi rd inChinesc An
pIt of .",.m'ry];l" 'h''''.gh
I -'omwn""k"k,..t.n.,k.k .. Iil<<2<)"v"j,
2 Spu"""h" ........ m ... ",I;.I""".".
, H< ;,I<.,,,,_ .. ,r...l..- fi sh"h .. """m>e.
4 ::.."""""'" .... ....... .... m
s
Th""'-!<uOO""crow .. i<1''''nh.h'"h,,un
:::::".!:,U.lud.fj"C"I"bt.rdwlli"'"'K'o< .. ,;n
w;"' .... P;II""" ......... "'W"_ofuotfullonrh ...
l_m .... ,.... .... .. Iucb, ... ,be".n
.tr-y ...... ..
I..- ... okp",,<,pj,
V.n
'"",I.r.

M .... "II<,of.h<
,00'
f<l"y
K ..... ,y
....

... ,-<.l,,, ...
..... f ...... "
..
Imp.on ....

s"' ....
. -- .
.oobol.h'Oufaj!< Uotd""""""' ...... ""....... Wu",,,,,
y"",n>b<s&Bdinlpoo,nJP"""",SpH-dR<I'nn
.... 'u"'F ...... ,.. ... otdloo-.ppl<Q<>t
N,""". M;""h>er 1;"",1 ,,, .. ,, u""" R<.io"',nr h.
",,,,,,,,,,,"",'b,,,,,,(;..,..

\I.",," .
,I""",y_
Imp ...... "'!..
II .. n .. ....,'o .. '..,..ofth,!"oe,,,.. 8'."L).',j
r u><rw."iv<nfo<,pi., ........ "''--____ ---''''.'''ni''--. ____ ..
Wom<n' ",,,,,, ... I.l"";",,, . I'<kmg;"nown,, , hc Sp<ed
<;,)"oh,...IIo", D.ring
t1u .. ""."d
H",n""nglliru,


ClooHio. lli"h."d
f1",,,,,,
Mountin9 Tt'C6niqut's
URIc .. 'he in'enuon ("klinK fan.!Mn ,he next "''''iJe
,,,,,-anbcompictingalinl.hedplClI.rei.,hemoun,i"S","ge


with ,he.uPJIO" it ntt'd, W ",ale n manal("ablc. Thi.' j, done by
moun{ingrh,-ab ..,I"'''' llaper on lo1'<;l. rdbaci<illg
Muuutiug

I Allat,weUpoIi,k<;I"", ..Jurplastics.,rf""", ."ch",a
free."'.-wl' .. II'"IIk" .. uhasymheticpl"-"ic ..... rCact
'./ Starchw:ollp.o!><'rp.a.,e(no'''.yn'hc.icl>unlo .... )m;lfm
,nadightly,hinnerconlis. cncythiUlrttOlumen<kd1Or
paperhanging
3 At"rgt'w..Jlpal'crurull,wnhooanw-bri>d ....
4 Approp"a.cmo""u"gboard.wbich.sh"uldnOlb(.he
laminated 'rl'<' we . A
a. an.i'I'''' Qllt.'C1I Anne board i. ,he mO.,
5
fonni ngd,vi<;c)a"dacuningboard
1 P"'pa"'! ...
'opi.deanan;lwupolish<:<:l
2 C"","k,ha"ht:pa.I!euoorrealymiu-d
3 Cu,thcmoun!ingboard .. "It..o'i, ... iUromplctdyc<w<:r,he
wl\oleofllw]);IlnlUlI[
i std<: down. on .0 Ihe cable lop and
!t
,hcnina ..,,;nofl"g.boIdllrokc.fromlhc:C<:JllT"eofthc:
pain'ing II) Ihe o""'df,. oo-a the pa.in'inl( wi,h
pa"<: . Ix 'c"""d' away by
pa,icntlyltruilJinglhesIl,f"ccwi,h"""miJoadcdbru.h
Ca.cmu5ll)t"takrn n"""I'r<:"loohca,"ilyand 'he (iuRcrs
and hand. mil" h., kepI away from ,h., .. d surfaa
6 b,mh hain. lump' ufl"'-"" Of .'pouofdin
7
,Iowlyloweril, .. "",ingth"liti.locatedsothallhe

8 Prc .. ,hc,wopa.n'logetherusingawillpap"rbrus.hor
roll"r,Whcnyoua",rnre lha1theyhavejoin.utogelhel
lhcll carefully peel away newly mounted from
checking lhallhc pain'ing ha., in .",cI<
9 Aliowthemo,,,,'edpaintingtodrybyplacingilflalomOa
new'paper
10 .. i'locul1hepictu"'toi,,
corrttlsiLealJ{],haf'C
]fliJepicrurci""I,.-"'ctangular(veryfewChinesepainlin!,!"
a"'>quar<:) lhen lJoe t.e>l way to arri,'c at ,h<: lrr<:ct proponion.
furthepai ntingi.byusinRlwO'L'shapedpiece.ofl>oanlwhich
cani>emov c<iarmHldun,ii th<:h<"'ro,ilionisfound,andlhen
the picture can Ix: trimmed with a ,harp knife
D
2 CutOularcctangularholeinthc<:<:ntr<,.""tion
3 YOllfcompleled r>ainting ""hind the n:ctauKular
4 Foldthcrighthand.cction.underthcl'icturcanclgluc
down.lfnece .. ary,oolourMpap"rcanbepiacedt,.,hind
.. kground
.1
-
I--
-

mah eilhe,vertieal or horizontal piCfH""', n,mcmb:ringthal
Chine,"" pain,i,,!!, alway. have mo,.., '1''''''' the picture
lhant..lowil,andal",thallh",idc.ofthc mountinghoard
,houlrlh""CTynar mw
.. ", .... hiJeteachinKandJeclurillKOn'hc
technique. of Chinese paiming, ,herr ""rnelS""c"al
quuie.onaspecl, ,..,lmedw,bmnotdircctl)'involvedin.,he
paiJl(ing, ",hic.h havc.oc.,n a<kcdagainandaKain. Thischapler
pmvide'lhcaus ... erslOsomeohhesequeri e.
Queotionl
Artlhma>rygrn.<ra/",k, u..ltNpainln,"oulJfoiklw.1
Althoughlradilional paiJl(ingha,acccp":dm,,,hod,,,f
r<:pr<:sentingnature"hcre an: nohardandfa;truleswhich
dernand ,ha(th"",:.hould ron,inue '0 b.: followed. pro\,id"d,hat

fOl""ard by ' Hsieh Ho' , In ofl'aimtrs'
publi,hcd about the year500. HsiehHoli"ed . ixb",ic.
I'rincil'lc.f"rtraditionalChinese paimers,ofwhich all h"t th,
firstcanb.:r<:alisedbypractiee. Thel!<"SixCanoll.,'a<lheywer<:
callcd,,,,,, .. illobl!<'rvcd hy wntcmporMy Chinese paimers ,ooit
i, dearlhatthe)"areofgrea,iml'",'ane,
I

impli"' lha(,h".-..i<mon,toal'aiHling,hanfir"mee .. ,hc
eye.Addi,iollally"he",lil{i"",lx:lief,nfTaoi,,,,and
rna"ifc",,,,1 by tlte pain'ing.
2 Thbtwh Con'rol ,,[the
Chine..,bru,j,inallitsmanife,(ooml'kxiticsaml
p",,;biii,;e, ;salmo<ta,irnp"rtaHt101hcquali,yof
... pirit.
mnlwl nC"1:c,"ary 10 manipuiale bru,h and in\: on ,h<:
paiming.urface i,muchappn:c.ia,cdhy,hcroHnoisseurof

.1

"",halitbecotlJesab"raCland\lnrrcogni,ahl".Iti."ot

["U"",thepropor!iona!csizeofab"I1erflr. h\lltoomueh
ofadeparturc fromrc .Ji. mi.nolwn,ideredallowablc
"
lmportan, ""ptt,oftbil rulei. '0 n:TTlcrnlx:rlh.at cach of
',hc..,vensh.ade5ofblad,' .. equ,valent,oacolour and
canbeusedin$lcad",fttd'.grffnJ,etc
"fi'G'",'''l.Jun,IJh<onnpom/(',.,(IIy .... IA,w;lsjomttol The
di'l ..
qui,eadiflicuhcn"'potl(ntofaChincocpinure ,,,,<.I
especiallYlOfora \\'e.tcfllcr,&CltIl""'p"""illOmUchR
panof,hcoriginalooncep,ion,lherc.hnulu"""ntuallyhc
whoicareasofunflll<:dpaintinllsurf"""lcftwhcnthe
I'tClun:iJoompierc.Rtn ... "nandbranchcsK"""-from,M
sidesof'hc pllin'ingitl$lcadofari$inllfromahorizon'al
1,lanc .. -i,hinth<:I'Ktun:.
demon'" which 31"" have 10 he nn,.ide,-.,d when
wilhlhcdiffcn:mfonnalSmorelpeciflcally
6
IM",,,,,_ Praui;ing,byu!ing,hcwtnl"'.itio".of
.... lofkamin!t"""i'
im,,,,,<.liatcly remove, lhe moo"

'p",JI'..,'-(mha,ebrum, '0
hR,cink)indiC8' .... theimportRnttplattdonromroUlng
hOlh ,/0,,, Chin<:sepain'ing
MOI'boouon Chinc .... paimingcomain'hc ...... xruJe"U\My

lraditionnlan f,,'m
Qut"'onZ
1.lL.fwI_yd .. Wa"'"
r-fIl..1It'
GcnerallyJpeaking,lhcn:,.tI)ol"Cwh',elpaccLcf,inaChi""tc
pain1inglhaninaWcoternpain\ing,'Mproportionoftenh"",s-
.shigha"wn,hitd pacc.oone ,hitdl'a,ming
Ano,hercharactrrioticof,hcChinese paintingi.,ha"in

paiming("'I"elCnli"ghu'en)"hMnt..:low(repreoentinllcanh).
The hro::>U<lc mounting an",nd tcrollJ echoc. ,hi. 'p"""COnttpl
QuCllionl
'-'tiuJl/wy

oomposi\ionof.h<:piuure
WaJ/Paint;"!:' "lTgc.f1at s" rfac<"paintcd in,(r'Ongcolou,,"
andmeantforpubli<: vi"wing, wen:thcfir""ftht:Chinc,,",
traditional paintings. ,u""jve<i, but
IIOmcgoodcxample,ofBuddhist,"'intingswcn:foundinthc
ca,'e, oITun-hu"-"K
JDI II
A, Chinese from .igh, 10 ",lIt IOC mll i,
by unrolling "bit m ,;mr.. n" .. " be fa". medium
OT.dowacn'minglOthcloac"r)u,n:dfordoeoomposirion .
""'hr.y

Til<- forma. all"",oo the .. -hole ""intiuK lObe
_nalonccbyacon,idt:rabIYs"''cr llu,,,t.er ofpn>pk. Thc
U.ualhelKhtof.uchOO:roIls,'ariedfrornZ.6f"",.allhOllgh

A/lhoughobtainable wilh difficulty in it i. not
yet available in the Unitcd King<lom

re,ultofthcoriginal pap"rb<:ingmadefromacoloun:ti "atural
fibre, sllch ". mulb<:try orbamboo. I low"",,,, ai"" a
.peciailiquitiwa.hcd"'npain{ing.a.amimolh<Uldinstt{
t",mmem. Thi'liquid cau."d paper to turn brown ""ilh age


wa,hingoveracolllP""-'ition.paintcdnnwhilepap"r,wilha
strongtea.olution. Thi,i.very succe .. fulpfOvidcd,a)thcinki.
.... ash is added, b) lile wa,h bru,h i. !Oft and doc.
n01SCtapClhe pap"r, and c) the ,eai,puloncart:fullyin
horizonlaJstrokc.wh;chleaveneilhergap.noroy"rlapo.Of
coune, watetcnlo", oould be used." the wash. bUllhe
nalUraJpigmemol'cablend.rnc,"'n:ali,{icaJlyimothepap"f
Ano,hermCltwdnfachie,'ingacolourcdba<:kgmu",li.",rn"unt
painting on loa coloured board inslead ofa
Quc.ti un9
Whalalt'YinandYang"
Ancie", Chin""" mythology describe. world as being ahe,,',
cgg,which",para,oointothcyolkandthewhite;one

mhcrl'ar(of{t1.egg.lhclighl"purt:delllcnl>whichfc,nncci,h,
,kyo The","'ere }'i"and rep'"""n{inglhefemalc(pa"jve)
and maJr (acli"ej elelllcn" ""J>C<',i"dy
Ilte.)1uwl,how.thatY;nandYangarcoodosely
in{crwoven lhal each d""',,"'niSl wilhout thc <>lhcr
Togelh.r YiuandYangmn,,;nl!<>lhcTao(theeternal
principle); individually Yin dark, earth, moon, even
numbe""valley,andSlrcalll.;Yangi'l'0si,;vc,ligh{,huvcn .
un.oddnumberoandmountaim.lnj>ainting,hru.hand
pap"r,inlSliekanJink"one,,,,aJandcinnabarpaste,wmcr
anJlllountain., arcallpartc,fthcduaJi,yofYinand Yang