MANNER OF ARTICULATION
9/22
Recap
So far, weve seen two dierent ways to describe sounds:
What is the state of the glottis? Is the sound voiced or voiceless?
[p] [b] [n]
What is the place of articulation?
[p] [t] [k]
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Recap
Some sounds are the same for voicing, but have a dierent place of articulation:
[p] and [t]
Both voiceless, but [p] is bilabial and [t] is alveolar
[z] and [g]
Both voiced, but [z] is alveolar and [g] is velar
Recap
Some sounds have the same place of articulation, but dier in voicing
[p] and [b]
Both bilabial, but [p] is voiceless and [b] is voiced
[z] and [t]
Both are alveolar, but [z] is voiced and [t] is voiceless
Manner of Articulation
Today, well learn about a third way to describe sounds: their manner of articulation [d], [n], and [z] are all voiced alveolar sounds What makes them dierent sounds? (video) eir manner of articulation is dierent.
[t] is a stop (complete closure) [s] is a fricative (incomplete closure)
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Manner of Articulation
Manner of articulation: the various con gurations produced by positioning the lips, tongue, velum, and glottis in dierent ways.
Oral vs. nasal Stops Fricatives Aricates Liquids Glides
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Manner of ArticulationIPA
Oral vs. nasal
e velum: so part at the back of the mouth behind the uvula. e velum can be raised and lowered. When raised: blocks air ow through the nasal passage (the nose) oral sounds When lowered: air ows through the nasal passage nasal sounds
Why does the doctor ask you to say ahhh?
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Oral vs. nasal
Look at the animations of [p] and [m] on the UIowa Phonetics Website. http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/english/ english_main.swf
Oral vs. nasal
Nasal consonants in English:
[m]:
bilabial nasal, as in map
[n]:
alveolar nasal, as in nap
[]:
velar nasal, as in sang
Vowels can be nasal too (dont worry about this for now)
Camp, bank, wink nasal leak What happens when you have a cold?
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Stops
Stops: consonants made with a complete closure either in the oral cavity or in the glottis.
English stops: bilabial, alveolar, velar, glottal
Try holding the sounds [p], [t] and [k]: what happens to the air ow?
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Stops
Oral stops: complete closure in the oral cavity and the velum is raised.
Oral stops: [p, t, k, b, d, g]
Glottal stop: [] complete closure in the glottis.
Always voiceless
Nasal stops: complete closure in the oral cavity, but the velum is raised. Air escapes through the nasal passage.
Nasal stops: [m, n, ] More sonorous than other stops (louder, more intense): air ow is not as restricted. Always voiced
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Stops
Look at the animations of stops on the UIowa Phonetics Website. http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/english/ english_main.swf
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Stops of English
Bilabial Oral Voiceless Voiced Nasal (Voiced) [p] [b] [m]
Alveolar [t] [d] [n]
Velar [k] [g] []
Glottal []
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Fricatives
Fricative: consonants made with a continuous air ow through the mouth, accompanied by a continuous audible noise.
Can be held for a long period of time noisy, white noise Can be voiced or voiceless Never nasal (why?) Fricatives: [f, v, , , s, z, , , h]
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Fricatives
Look at the animations of fricatives on the UIowa Phonetics Website. http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/english/ english_main.swf
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Fricatives of English
Labiodental Voiceless Voiced [f ] [v]
Interdental [ ] []
Alveolar [s] [z]
Alveopalatal [] []
Glottal []
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