African American History: 1615-Present
Dr. Brian L. Christenson Lewis-Clark State College
The American Slave Trade
250 years of slavery Recruitment to the work place
Capturing slaves Auctions Sold for slaves
Tobacco, Cotton, Sugar and Rice Cultivation lead to a demand in slave labor
The American Slave Trade
In 1776 a passage condemning the slave trade, is removed from the Declaration of Independence. Eleven years later it is changed again to continue slavery for twenty more years. 1808 importation of slaves ends in America. (1 million slaves) Many slaves migrate north
1666-1776: Slaves imported only by the English for the English, French and Spanish colonies: 3 million (250,000 died on the trip) 1776-1800: A yearly average of 74,000 slaves were imported for the American colonies with a total of 1,850,000 Total Slave Trade in Numbers between 1790-1860: Over 4 million
The new world was a labor hungry society because land had to be cleared, roads built, and crops raised in a harsh environment (Jansson, 2005, p.53). Slavery and the slave trade took place in the Northern and Southern Colonies Slavery was legitimized by the U.S. Constitution which refers to it five places Slaves were considered 3 fifths of a person for the apportioning of congressional representatives Importation legislation to ban the slave trade was not enacted until 1807
THE CIVIL WAR 1861-1865
SLAVES EARN MONEY FOR FREEDOM
THE CIVIL WAR
200,000 Blacks served in the union armed forces Wages Black vs. White 1865 Lincoln Outlawed Slavery
Two months later he was assassinated
THE CIVIL WAR SPOTLIGHTING Frederick Douglass
During the course of his remarkable life he escaped from slavery, became internationally renowned for his eloquence in the cause of liberty, and went on to serve the national government in several official capacities.
Sharecroppers
A practice that emerged following the emancipation of African-American slaves, sharecropping came to define the method of land lease that would eventually become a new form of slavery.
Symbols of power and achievement
Joe Lewis Rosa Parks
Marian Anderson
The Little Rock Nine
THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
March on Washington
The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place in Washington, D.C., on August 28, 1963. Attended by some 250,000 people, it was the largest demonstration ever seen in the nation's capital, and one of the first to have extensive television coverage.
We The People
Constitution - People did not include African Americans. They were possessions or property.
Jim Crow Laws About Employment
From the 1880s-1960s America enforced segregation through these laws. Toilet Facilities, Male - Every employer of white or negro males shall provide for such white or negro males reasonably accessible separate toilet facilities. Alabama
Jim Crow laws
Barbers - No colored barber shall serve as a barber [to] white women or girls. Georgia Amateur Baseball - .. It shall be unlawful for any amateur colored baseball team to play baseball in any vacant lot or baseball diamond within two blocks of any playground devoted to the white race. Georgia
Jim Crow Laws
Militia - The white and colored militia shall be separately enrolled, and shall never be compelled to serve in the same organization. No organization of colored troops shall be permitted where white troops are available, and while white permitted to be organized, colored troops shall be under the command of white officers. North Carolina
Jim Crow Laws
Mining - The baths and lockers for the negroes shall be separate from the white race, but may be in the same building. Oklahoma Promotion of Equality - Any personwho shall be guilty of printing, publishing or circulating printed, typewritten or written matter urging or presenting for public acceptance or general information, arguments or suggestions in favor of social equality.shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to fine or not exceeding five hundred dollars or imprisonment not exceeding six months or both. Mississippi
Positive Outcomes of the New Deal
Many organizations and individuals collectively strengthened the African-Americans fight to work. The NAACP campaigned against unequal education in the south, saying education was a means to better income. The Public Works Administration (PWA) called for a nodiscrimination policy on federally funded work projects.
Signing of the Civil Rights Act
Effect of Civil Rights Act
References
Jansson, B. S. (2005). The reluctant welfare state: American social welfare policies: Past, present, and future (5th ed.). Thomson-Brooks/Cole. Belmont, CA Philip Tagg (2004). British blue notes and backbeats: Musilogical missing beats. Facult de musique, Universit de Montral Slave Trade Map & African-American Ancestry: http://www.homestead.com/wysinger/mapofafricadiaspora.html Washington State University: Retrieved September 14th, 2006 from: www.vancouver.wsu.edu/fac/probst/309/africanamerican.ppt
