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I. Human Body:: Biology A. Skeletal System

The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments and joints which provide structure and allow for movement. There are four types of bones - compact, spongy, cartilage and irregular - which make up the 206 bones in the adult body. The skeletal system includes flat bones, short bones, long bones and irregular bones located in the upper and lower limbs. Joints connect bones and allow movement while ligaments connect joints. There are three types of muscles - skeletal, cardiac and smooth - which work with tendons to allow movement and support internal organs. Common ailments of these systems include arthritis, osteoporosis, fractures, sprains and dislocations of bones or muscles strains, bruises and tears.

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Romfel Jay Lucas Marquez
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82 views2 pages

I. Human Body:: Biology A. Skeletal System

The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments and joints which provide structure and allow for movement. There are four types of bones - compact, spongy, cartilage and irregular - which make up the 206 bones in the adult body. The skeletal system includes flat bones, short bones, long bones and irregular bones located in the upper and lower limbs. Joints connect bones and allow movement while ligaments connect joints. There are three types of muscles - skeletal, cardiac and smooth - which work with tendons to allow movement and support internal organs. Common ailments of these systems include arthritis, osteoporosis, fractures, sprains and dislocations of bones or muscles strains, bruises and tears.

Uploaded by

Romfel Jay Lucas Marquez
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Biology

I. Human Body:
A. Skeletal System 1. consist - of bones, cartilages, ligaments and joints. 2. function - protect s internal organs -helps in body movements. -provides the framework of the body. -red blood cells are formed in red marrow. - yellow marrow acts as the storage of fat and minerals. 3. Types of bones(CSP): a. compact bones-bones without any open spaces. b. spongy bones- many open spaces. c. cartilage- soft, strong, and flexible tissue that provides for growth during childhood. *bone is made up of connective tissue surrounded by minerals. *cartilage is a strong, flexible, tissue that provides shape to some parts of the body. 4. classification(FSL)- flat bones, long bones, short bones and irregular bones. a. flat bones- ribs, breastbone, and shoulder bones. b. short bones- support weight and allow small movements. c. long bones are strong hollow and light. 5. location Upper limbs- humerus, ulna, radius, carpal, metacarpals and phalanges. Lower limbs- femur, tibia, fibula, tarsal , metatarsals and phalanges. *As you grow older, the number of bones decreases.(there are 206 bones in adults. 270 bones at birth) * the vertebral column consist of 24 single bones. 6. Other special structure: *Joints-place where two or more bones meet. Allow movements of the body up and down, etc.. *Ligaments- the movable joints are connected to bones by connective tissues that can stretch. Types of Joints: a. Immovable joints/ Fixed joints- connects the bones in the skull. b. Movable joints- allow movements of the body. (include the ball and socket(all direction), hinge joints(backward and forward), pivotal joints(side-to-side and up-and-down) and gliding joints(hands to glide/slide)) 7. Ailments and Disorders a. Arthritis-an inflammation of the joint. b. Osteoporosis- disease due to lack of substance(vit. D) in the bone. c. Rheumatism- a disease of the joints due to lack of exercise. d. Backache or Back Pain-pain at the vertebral column. e. Bone injuries(FSD): -Fracture- a broken bone. -Sprain- an injured lgament. -Dislocation- bone injury due to misplaced joint.

B. Muscular System -humans made up of more than 600 muscles. Muscles are made up of thousands of muscle fibers. 1. function- make the bones move through the tendons. -allows the heart and other internal organs to move. 2. types (SCS): a. Skeletal muscles- most of muscles in our body like legs, arms, etc. b. Cardiac muscles-heart c. Smooth muscles-includes internal organs, blood vessels, bladder. 3. Ailments and Diseases: a. muscle cramps- muscle pain caused by lack of blood supply in the muscles. b. muscle strain- painful muscle due to overwork on poorly conditioned muscles. c. muscle bruise-a muscle injury characterized by blue and black swelling on the skin. d. torn muscle-a muscle injury due to carrying of heavy load. e. muscular dystrophy- weakening of the muscle tissues. f. muscular rheumatism- a muscle pain at the lower back of the body.

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