MI-AA-13-001-EN-C

EU

EU TRANSPORT IN FIGURES Statistical Pocketbook 2013

transport
in figures

STATISTICAL
POCKETBOOK
2013

Creating
jobs

Transport provides work

for millions of Europeans

Generating
growth
Transport is the lifeblood
of the EU economy

doi:10.2832/19314

DGTRANS_PocketBook_2013_cover.indd 1

Transport

11/07/13 14:35

European Commission
EU transport in figures 2013
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union
2013 132 pp. 10.5 x 21 cm
ISBN 978-92-79-28860-9
doi:10.2832/19314

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G E N E R A L EDUATA
T R A N S P O R T i n f i g ures S tat i st i c a l po c k et b oo k 2013

1.0.0

Preface

Transport represents a crucial sector of the economy. This publication

provides an overview of the most recent and most pertinent annual
transport-related statistics in Europe. It covers the European Union and
its 27 Member States and, as far as possible, the current EU acceding and
candidate countries and the EFTA countries.
The content of this pocketbook is based on a range of sources including
Eurostat, international organisations, national statistics and, where no
data were available, own estimates. Own estimates have mainly been
produced to get an idea of the EU total. At the level of individual countries,
they are merely indicative and should by no means be (mis-)interpreted
as official data.
The publication consists of three parts:
(1) a general part with general economic and other relevant data;
(2) a transport part covering both passenger and freight transport
as well as other transport-related data;
(3) an energy and environmental part with data on the impact which
the transport sector has on the environment.
Most of the tables have data up to 2011; where available, more recent
data have been provided.
The tables of this pocketbook may also be found on the Europa site at
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/facts-fundings/statistics/index_en.htm
Many tables on the internet contain more data than could be presented
in this pocketbook. Some tables may be updated on the web before the
publication of the next paper version.
Eurostat, the main data provider, may be accessed directly on the internet at
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/
Comments on this publication and suggestions for improving it are appreciated.
They should be sent to move-transport-data@ec.europa.eu

Contents
PART1 General data
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6a
1.6b
1.7

General Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Growth in GDP and Industrial Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Employment and Unemployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Share of Gross Value Added and Employment by Sector .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Population .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Member States External Trade: imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Member States External Trade: exports .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Comparison EU-27 World: General data .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

PART2 Transport
2.1

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5
2.1.6
2.1.7
2.1.8
2.1.9
2.1.10
2.1.11
2.1.12
2.1.13
2.1.14
2.1.15

2.2

19
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

Performance of Freight Transport expressed in tonne-kilometres . . . . 35

2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
2.2.4a
2.2.4b
2.2.4c
2.2.5
2.2.6
2.2.7
2.2.8

2.3

Statistical Overview EU Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Transport Growth EU-27 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Road transport: Speed Limits, Blood Alcohol Limits .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Road transport: Maximum Gross Vehicle Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment by Mode of Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Number of Enterprises by Mode ofTransport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Turnover by Mode of Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final Consumption ofHouseholdsforTransport .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EU-27: Evolution of Consumer Prices forPassenger Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EU-27 External Trade by Mode of Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy taxes as %ofGDP-Transportfueltaxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environmental taxes as %ofGDP-Transport (excl. fuel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environmental taxes on transport (fuelandother taxes) as % of total taxation . . . . .
Comparison EU-27 World: InfrastructureandVehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Comparison EU-27 World: PassengerandFreight Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EU-27 Performance by Mode forFreightTransport, Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EU-27 Performance by Mode for Freight Transport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EU-27 Performance by Mode for Freight Transport for Inland Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Road: National Haulage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Road: International Haulage .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Road: NationalandInternationalHaulage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Railways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inland Waterways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipelines (Oil) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44

Performance of Passenger Transport expressed

in passenger-kilometres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

2.3.1 EU-27 Performance by Mode forPassenger Transport, Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

2.3.2 EU-27 Performance by Mode for Passenger Transport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2

Contents
2.3.3
2.3.4
2.3.5
2.3.6
2.3.7
2.3.8

Modal Split of Passenger Transport onLand by Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Passenger Cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Buses & Coaches .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tram & Metro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Railways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47
48
49
50
51

Rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.3.9 USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

2.4

Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport

Using Other Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

2.4.1 Air: PassengerTrafficBetweenMemberStates (including domestic flights) . . . . . . . .

2.4.2 Air: Major Regular European Airlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.3 Air: Passenger Traffic at Major EU Airports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.4a Air: Main Intra-EU Airport Pairs inPassengerTransport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.4b Air: Main Connections Between EU andNonEU Airports in Passenger Transport .. . . . .
2.4.5 Air: FreightTrafficat Major EU Airports .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.6 Air: Movements ofAircraftatMajorEUAirports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.7 Sea: Inward and Outward Flow of Passengers by Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.8 Sea: Passenger Traffic at Major EU Seaports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.9 Sea: Freight Traffic at Major EU Seaports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.10 Sea: Intra-EU Maritime Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.11 Sea: Container Traffic at Major EU Seaports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.12a Combined Transport Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.12b Combined transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.13 Road: Alps Crossing Freight Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.14 Road: Pyrenees Crossing Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.15 Road: Alps and Pyrenees Crossing Traffic .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4.16 Rail: Channel Tunnel Traffic .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.5
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
2.5.5
2.5.6
2.5.7
2.5.8

2.6
2.6.1
2.6.2
2.6.3
2.6.4
2.6.5
2.6.6

55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
64
65
66
68
69
70
71
72
73
74

Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Road: Length of Motorways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Road: Length of Road Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Railways: Length of Lines in Use .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Railways: High-Speed Rail Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Railways: Main Railway Gauge and Electric Current Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air: Number of Airports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inland Waterways: Length In Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82

Means of Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Road: Motorisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Road: Passenger Cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Road: Buses and Coaches .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Road: Goods Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Road: Powered Two-wheelers .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Road: Passenger Cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

83
84
85
86
87
88
3

Contents
2.6.7 Road: goods vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.6.8 Road: Buses and Coaches .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.6.9 Road: Motorcycles .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.6.10 Road: Mopeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.6.11 Sea: EU Merchant Fleet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.6.12a Sea: World Merchant Fleet by world region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

89
90
91
92
93

94
2.6.12b Sea: World Merchant Fleet by type of ship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
2.6.13 Air: passenger aircraft .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
2.6.14 Air: freight, special, business aircraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
2.6.15 Rail: Locomotives and Railcars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
2.6.16 Rail: Passenger Transport Vehicles .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
2.6.17 Rail: Goods Transport Wagons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

2.7

Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

2.7.1
2.7.2
2.7.3a
2.7.3b
2.7.4
2.7.5
2.7.6
2.7.7

Road Fatalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Road Fatalities Country Rankings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Road Fatalities by Type of User . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Road Fatalities of Vehicle Occupants by type of vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Road Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Railway Fatalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air: Lives Lost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sea: Ships Lost (World) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108

PART 3 Energyand environment

3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.1.4
3.1.5
3.1.6
3.1.7

3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
3.2.6
3.2.7
3.2.8
3.2.9

Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average Calorific Values Energy Content .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Energy Statistics for EU-27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final Energy Consumption, by Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Final Consumption of Petrol, Diesel and Biofuels for Transport, by Fuel . . . . . . . . . .
Biofuels Production, by Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

111
113
114
115
116
118
119

Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GHG Emissions from Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GHG Emissions from Transport EU-27, by mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GHG Emissions from Transport, by mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total CO2 Emissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CO2 Emissions from Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CO2 Emissions from Transport EU-27, by mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CO2 Emissions from Transport, by mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil Spills at Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

120
121
122
124
126
127
128
130
132

Symbols and abbreviations

12

estimates are printed in italic

per cent

blank
0
ca.

DG

not applicable, does not exist

data not available
zero or figure less than half of unit used
circa = approximately
euro
Directorate-General of the European Commission

dwt

deadweight ton (shipping)

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

grt
mio
mtow

gross registered tonnage (shipping)

1 million
maximum take-off weight (aircraft)

pkm

passenger-kilometre: a unit of measure:

1 passenger transported a distance of 1 kilometre

PPP

Purchasing Power Parities

rpk

revenue passenger kilometres (air)

TEU

Twenty foot Equivalent Unit

tkm

tonne-kilometre: a unit of measure:

1 tonne transported a distance of 1 kilometre
break in horizontal time series
break in vertical time series

country abbreviations
EUROPEAN UNiON cOUNTRiES (EU-27) (AlSO EEA mEmbERS)
AT
bE
bg
cy
cZ
dE
dk
EE
El
ES
Fi
FR
HU
iE
iT
lT
lU
lv
mT
Nl
Pl
PT
RO
SE
Si
Sk
Uk

Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Germany
Denmark
Estonia
Greece
Spain
Finland
France
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Latvia
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Sweden
Slovenia
Slovak Republic
United Kingdom

EU mEmbER STATE SiNcE: AlSO iN SUb-TOTAl OF:

1995
EU-15
1958
EU-15
2007
EU-12
2004
EU-12
2004
EU-12
1958
EU-15
1973
EU-15
2004
EU-12
1981
EU-15
1986
EU-15
1995
EU-15
1958
EU-15
2004
EU-12
1973
EU-15
1958
EU-15
2004
EU-12
1958
EU-15
2004
EU-12
2004
EU-12
1958
EU-15
2004
EU-12
1986
EU-15
2007
EU-12
1995
EU-15
2004
EU-12
2004
EU-12
1973
EU-15

OTHER EUROPEAN EcONOmic AREA (EEA) ANd EFTA cOUNTRiES

iS Iceland
li Liechtenstein
NO Norway

EEA: 1994
EEA: 1994
EEA: 1994

EFTA: 1960
EFTA: 1991
EFTA: 1960

OTHER EUROPEAN FREE TRAdE ASSOciATiON (EFTA) cOUNTRiES

cH Switzerland

EFTA: 1960

EUROPEAN UNiON AccEdiNg cOUNTRy

HR Croatia

EUROPEAN UNiON cANdidATE cOUNTRiES

iS
mE
mk
RS
TR

Iceland
Montenegro
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)
Serbia
Turkey

OTHER cOUNTRiES
cS
bR
cA
cN
iN
JP
kR
mX
RU
USA

Czechoslovakia (until 1992)

Brazil
Canada
China
India
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Russia
United States of America

Notes: the countries which were members of the eU in 1994 became members of the eea
in 1994, those which joined the eU in 1995 had already been eea members since
1994 and those which joined the eU in 2004 and 2007 became members of the eea
upon accession to the eU.
the former GDR is always included in DE; unification on 3.10.1990.
6

G E N E R A L D ATA

PART 1

1.0.0

Title

subtitle

general
data

To meet future demand, the EU continues to invest in transport

infrastructures: between 2007 and 2013 7.21 billion was
invested in 327 projects around 14.50 for every person
in the EU!

infrastructure
7.21 billion

Source: TEN- T CORE NETWORK

EU Transport in Figures 2012
TENT: Project in Figures

= 14.5/

G eneral D ata

PART 1
Summary

1.1 General Data

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.2 Growth in GDP

and Industrial Production

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12

..............................................................................

13

1.3 Employment and Unemployment

1.4 Share of Gross Value Added
and Employment by Sector
1.5 Population

1.6a Member States External Trade:

imports

......................................................................................

14

1.6b Member States External Trade:

exports

......................................................................................

15

1.7 Comparison EU-27 World:

General data

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16

G eneral D ata

1 . 1

General Data

Area
1000 km2
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

4324.8
3236.9
1087.9
30.5
111.0
78.9
43.1
357.1
45.2
70.3
132.0
506.0
544.0
301.3
9.3
64.6
65.3
2.6
93.0
0.3
41.5
83.9
312.7
92.1
238.4
20.3
49.0
338.4
450.3
243.8
56.6
25.7
785.3
103.0
323.8
41.3

Population

GDP
(nominal)

million
billion EUR
on 1/1/2012
2011
501.743
12651.0
398.931
11653.6
102.812
997.4
11.041
369.8
7.327
38.5
10.505
156.2
5.581
240.5
81.844
2592.6
1.340
16.0
4.583
159.0
11.291
208.5
46.196
1063.4
63.461
1996.6
60.821
1579.7
0.862
18.0
2.042
20.2
3.008
30.8
0.525
42.6
9.958
99.8
0.416
6.5
16.730
602.0
8.443
300.7
38.538
369.7
10.542
170.9
21.356
136.5
2.055
36.2
5.404
69.1
5.401
189.4
9.483
387.6
62.990
1750.4
4.398
44.9
2.060
7.5
74.724
555.2
0.320
10.1
4.986
352.9
7.955
476.1

GDP per head in PPP

EU-27 = 100
2010
2011
100
100
110
110
61
62
119
118
44
45
80
80
127
125
118
120
64
67
127
129
87
80
100
98
107
107
100
100
96
94
55
59
58
66
267
271
64
65
84
85
133
131
126
128
62
64
80
77
47
47
85
85
73
73
114
115
124
126
112
109
59
62
36
37
49
53
111
110
182
190
153
156

Notes: CY: Area refers to the whole island. FR: Area and population only cover mainland
France (France mtropolitaine). The 4 French overseas departments Guyane, Martinique,
Guadeloupe and La Runion, which are part of the EU, have a combined area of
88794 km2 and a population of around 1.9 million. The total area of the EU therefore
is 4413600 km2, and its total population on 1 January 2012 was 503.7 million.
EL, RO, PT and HR: provisional data (nominal GDP GDP per capita) MK: forecast (nominal GDP).
Most data on population are provisional.

S o urc e s: Eurostat, e sti mate s ( in it alics)

G eneral D ata
G rowth in G D P and I ndustrialG EPNroduction
E R A L D ATA

1.0.0
1
. 2

Growth in GDP andIndustrialProduction

compared to the previous year

GROWTH IN INDUSTRIAL
PRODUCTION
(excluding construction)

GROWTH IN GDP
Real growth

EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

2008
0.3
0.0
4.2
1.0
6.2
3.1
0.8
1.1
4.2
2.1
0.2
0.9
0.1
1.2
3.6
3.3
2.9
0.7
0.9
3.7
1.8
1.4
5.1
0.0
7.3
3.4
5.8
0.3
0.6
1.0
2.1
5.0
0.7
1.2
0.1
2.2

% change
2009 2010
4.3
2.1
4.3
2.1
3.4
2.3
2.8
2.4
5.5
0.4
4.5
2.5
5.7
1.6
5.1
4.2
14.1
3.3
5.5
0.8
3.1
4.9
3.7
0.3
3.1
1.7
5.5
1.8
1.9
1.3
17.7
0.9
14.8
1.5
4.1
2.9
6.8
1.3
2.4
2.7
3.7
1.6
3.8
2.1
1.6
3.9
2.9
1.9
6.6
1.6
7.8
1.2
4.9
4.4
8.5
3.3
5.0
6.6
4.0
1.8
6.9
1.4
0.9
2.9
4.8
9.0
6.6
4.0
1.6
0.5
1.9
3.0

2011
1.5
1.4
3.2
1.8
1.7
1.9
1.1
3.0
8.3
1.4
7.1
0.4
1.7
0.4
0.5
5.5
5.9
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.0
2.7
4.3
1.6
2.5
0.6
3.2
2.7
3.7
0.9
0.0
2.9
8.5
2.6
1.2
1.9

2008
1.8
2.0
1.0
1.4
0.1
2.4
1.1
0.1
4.8
2.2
4.2
7.3
2.9
3.5
4.1
3.2
5.2
5.1
0.9
3.3
0.6
1.3
2.4
4.1
2.8
1.6
2.9
1.1
3.0
3.1
0.6
5.0
0.9
14.7
0.2
1.2

% change
2009 2010
13.7
6.8
14.1
6.4
9.6
10.0
11.9
8.3
18.0
2.0
13.1
9.8
15.0
1.8
16.3
10.9
23.9
23.0
4.5
7.5
9.2
6.6
15.8
0.9
12.8
4.8
18.7
6.8
9.1
2.0
18.0
14.5
14.3
6.4
16.0
9.4
17.4
10.3
14.8
8.3
7.6
7.7
11.2
6.7
3.7
10.8
8.5
1.6
6.2
5.5
17.6
6.0
14.0
18.3
18.1
5.2
17.9
8.7
8.8
2.1
8.9
1.5
8.6
4.8
10.0
13.9
2.5
1.9
3.5
5.4
7.7
6.1

2011
3.2
2.8
6.6
4.2
5.8
6.4
1.9
7.6
16.6
0.0
8.1
1.4
1.7
0.1
7.8
8.8
7.6
2.5
5.5
1.8
0.8
6.7
7.2
2.0
6.0
2.8
7.2
1.3
5.7
0.5
1.2
3.3
8.1
5.5
4.4
0.7

Notes: Industrial production: includes mining and quarrying, manufacturing as well

as electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
(NACE Rev. 2 Sections B, C and D). Data adjusted by working days.
Data were extracted on 11/12/12. IS: Production volume indices based
on Icelandic version of NACE Rev. 2, Sections B, C, D, E. 2010 and 2011 Provisional
data Growth GDP section: EL, PT and HR provisional data (2011).
MK: Eurostat estimate (2011). TR: forecast (2011). Growth industrial
production section: BE, BG, CZ, MT and NL provisional data; CH: Eurostat estimates.
10
Sour ces: Eur ost at , est im at es (in ita lics ) ;
i ndust r ial pr oduct ion dat a for IS ar e fr om nat iona l sou rces .

G eneral D ata
Gmployment
E
E N E R A L D ATAand U nemployment

11.0.0
. 3

Employment and Unemployment

Employment rate

Unemployment rate

%
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

2008
65.8
67.1
61.0
62.4
64.0
66.6
77.9
70.1
69.8
67.6
61.9
64.3
64.8
58.7
70.9
68.6
64.3
63.4
56.7
55.3
77.2
72.1
59.2
68.2
59.0
68.6
62.3
71.1
74.3
71.5
57.8
41.9
44.9
83.6
78.0
79.5

2009
64.5
65.8
60.0
61.6
62.6
65.4
75.3
70.3
63.5
62.2
61.2
59.8
64.0
57.5
69.9
60.9
60.1
65.2
55.4
55.0
77.0
71.6
59.3
66.3
58.6
67.5
60.2
68.7
72.2
69.9
56.6
43.3
44.3
78.3
76.4
79.0

%
2010
64.1
65.4
59.6
62.0
59.7
65.0
73.3
71.1
61.0
60.1
59.6
58.6
63.9
56.9
69.7
59.3
57.8
65.2
55.4
56.1
74.7
71.7
59.3
65.6
58.8
66.2
58.8
68.1
72.7
69.5
54.0
43.5
46.3
78.2
75.3
78.6

2011
64.3
65.5
60.0
61.9
58.5
65.7
73.1
72.5
65.1
59.2
55.6
57.7
63.9
56.9
68.1
61.8
60.7
64.6
55.8
57.6
74.9
72.1
59.7
64.2
58.5
64.4
59.5
69.0
74.1
69.5
52.4
43.9
48.4
78.5
75.3
79.3

2008
7.1
7.6
6.6
7.0
5.6
4.4
3.4
7.5
5.5
6.4
7.7
11.3
7.8
6.7
3.8
8.0
5.3
4.9
7.8
6.0
3.1
3.8
7.0
8.5
5.8
4.4
9.6
6.4
6.2
5.6
8.4
34.0
9.7
3.0
2.5
3.4

2009
9.0
9.5
8.6
7.9
6.8
6.7
6.0
7.8
13.8
12.0
9.5
18.0
9.5
7.8
5.5
18.2
13.6
5.1
10.0
6.9
3.7
4.8
8.1
10.6
6.9
5.9
12.1
8.2
8.3
7.6
9.1
32.3
12.5
7.2
3.2
4.2

2010
9.7
10.0
10.0
8.3
10.3
7.3
7.5
7.1
16.9
13.9
12.6
20.1
9.7
8.4
6.4
19.8
18.0
4.6
11.2
6.9
4.5
4.4
9.6
12.0
7.3
7.3
14.5
8.4
8.4
7.8
11.8
32.2
10.7
7.6
3.6
4.7

2011
9.7
10.1
9.8
7.2
11.3
6.7
7.6
5.9
12.5
14.7
17.7
21.7
9.6
8.4
7.9
16.2
15.3
4.8
10.9
6.5
4.4
4.2
9.6
12.9
7.4
8.2
13.6
7.8
7.5
8.0
13.5
31.6
8.8
7.1
3.3
4.1

Notes: Employment rate: persons in employment as a percentage of the population of working

age (1564 years). Unemployment rate: persons unemployed as a percentage of the active
population (between 15 and 64 years old). Estimates in italics refer to unpublished rates
calculated by available data on population, active population, unemployment and employment.
11
S o urc e s: Eurostat, e sti mates ( in it alics);
M K an d T R : nati onal sourc e unt il colum n br eak .

G E N E R A L D ATA
S hare of G ross Value A dded and E mployment by S ector

1.4

Shareof Gross Value Added

andEmploymentbySector
Share of gross
value added (%)

Share of employment (%)

AgriAgriIndustry Services
Industry Services
culture
culture

EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

1.7
1.5
4.2
0.7
5.6
2.2
1.4
0.9
3.6
2.0
3.4
2.5
1.8
2.0
2.3
5.1
3.5
0.3
4.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
4.0
2.2
7.5
2.6
3.4
2.9
1.8
0.6
5.1
11.5
9.2
7.8
1.4
0.8

2011
25.7
25.0
34.0
22.7
31.1
37.0
22.0
30.8
30.0
26.2
15.8
27.0
18.7
24.7
16.9
24.7
31.3
14.1
31.1
18.0
24.8
29.3
33.1
23.9
42.8
30.5
36.0
27.8
26.8
23.2
26.5
27.7
27.7
23.6
42.0
26.2

72.6
73.5
61.9
76.6
63.2
60.9
76.6
68.3
66.4
71.7
80.8
70.5
79.5
73.3
80.8
70.2
65.2
85.6
64.4
80.5
73.6
69.0
62.9
73.9
49.7
66.9
60.5
69.4
71.4
76.1
68.4
60.8
63.2
68.7
56.6
73.0

5.3
3.0
14.7
1.3
19.9
3.2
2.6
1.6
4.4
4.6
11.6
4.1
2.8
3.9
4.7
8.8
8.5
1.2
7.1
2.9
2.6
4.8
12.7
10.6
32.6
8.3
3.3
4.7
2.0
1.4
15.4
18.7
25.5
5.6
2.6
3.5

2011
22.9
21.2
29.9
19.1
26.4
36.6
18.1
24.7
31.1
19.0
16.6
20.4
18.8
26.9
18.6
23.3
24.6
21.0
29.7
20.4
15.9
23.4
30.4
25.5
28.3
30.5
32.1
24.0
21.6
15.9
27.6
30.0
26.5
18.7
20.1
22.8

71.7
75.8
55.3
79.6
53.7
60.1
79.3
73.7
64.5
76.4
71.7
75.5
78.4
69.3
76.7
67.9
66.9
77.8
63.2
76.8
81.5
71.7
56.9
63.8
39.2
61.1
64.6
71.4
76.4
82.8
57.0
51.3
48.1
75.7
77.4
73.7

Notes: Agriculture covers agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing. Industry includes mining
and quarrying, manufacturing, energy, gas and water supply as well as construction.
All other sectors are included in services. Share of value added: based on NACE 2
classification, except for TR (NACE 1.1). MK and IS: 2010. IE, EL, PT and HR: provisional
data. Share of employment: based on National Accounts NACE 2 Classification,
except for HR, MK, TR and IS (Labour Force Survey).
12
S ourc e s: Eurostat, nat ional sour ces for HR, MK, TR and IS (e mp loy men t ) ,
est imat es (in ita lics )

G E N E R A L D ATA
P opulation

1.5

Population
At 1 January
million
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH
LI

change
1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011 2012 '11/'12
470.388 477.010 481.081 489.325 497.802 499.217 500.484 501.743
0.3
363.493 370.667 375.558 385.800 394.456 395.879 397.533 398.931

0.4

106.896 106.342 105.523 103.525 103.346 103.337 102.951 102.812

0.1

9.948

10.131

10.239

10.446

10.753

10.840

11.001

11.041

0.4

8.767

8.427

8.191

7.761

7.607

7.564

7.369

7.327

0.6

10.362

10.333

10.278

10.221

10.468

10.507

10.487

10.505

0.2

5.135

5.216

5.330

5.411

5.511

5.535

5.561

5.581

0.4

79.113

81.539

82.163

82.501

82.002

81.802

81.752

81.844

0.1

1.571

1.448

1.372

1.348

1.340

1.340

1.340

1.340

0.0

3.507

3.598

3.778

4.112

4.450

4.468

4.570

4.583

0.3

10.121

10.595

10.904

11.083

11.260

11.305

11.310

11.291

0.2

38.826

39.343

40.050

43.038

45.828

45.989

46.153

46.196

0.1

56.577

57.753

58.858

60.963

62.466

62.791

63.128

63.461

0.5

56.694

56.844

56.924

58.462

60.045

60.340

60.626

60.821

0.3

0.573

0.645

0.690

0.749

0.797

0.819

0.840

0.862

2.7

2.668

2.501

2.382

2.306

2.261

2.248

2.075

2.042

1.6

3.694

3.643

3.512

3.425

3.350

3.329

3.053

3.008

1.5

0.379

0.406

0.434

0.461

0.494

0.502

0.512

0.525

2.5

10.375

10.337

10.222

10.098

10.031

10.014

9.986

9.958

0.3
0.2

0.352

0.369

0.380

0.403

0.414

0.414

0.415

0.416

14.893

15.424

15.864

16.306

16.486

16.575

16.656

16.730

0.4

7.645

7.943

8.002

8.201

8.355

8.375

8.404

8.443

0.5

38.038

38.581

38.654

38.174

38.136

38.167

38.530

38.538

0.0

9.996

10.018

10.195

10.529

10.627

10.638

10.572

10.542

0.3

23.211

22.712

22.455

21.659

21.499

21.462

21.414

21.356

0.3

1.996

1.989

1.988

1.998

2.032

2.047

2.050

2.055

0.3

5.288

5.356

5.399

5.385

5.412

5.425

5.392

5.404

0.2

4.974

5.099

5.171

5.237

5.326

5.351

5.375

5.401

0.5

8.527

8.816

8.861

9.011

9.256

9.341

9.416

9.483

0.7

57.157

57.943

58.785

60.039

61.595

62.027

62.499

62.990

0.8

4.773

4.659

4.498

4.444

4.435

4.426

4.412

4.398

0.3
0.1

1.873

1.957

2.022

2.035

2.049

2.053

2.057

2.060

55.495

61.204

66.889

71.610

71.517

72.561

73.723

74.724

1.4

0.254

0.267

0.279

0.294

0.319

0.318

0.318

0.320

0.4

4.233

4.348

4.478

4.606

4.799

4.858

4.920

4.986

1.3

6.674

7.019

7.164

7.415

7.702

7.786

7.870

7.955

1.1

0.028

0.031

0.032

0.035

0.036

0.036

0.036

0.036

0.9

Notes: DE: population: includes DE-E: 1970 = 17.1, 1980 = 16.7, 1990 = 16.1.
CY: from 1975 onwards: government-controlled area only.
FR: metropolitan France only (i.e. no overseas territories or overseas departments).
S o urc e : Eurostat

13

G E N E R A L D ATA
M ember S tates E x ternal T rade : imports

1 . 6a

Member States External Trade

IMPORTS

YEAR 2011 (VALUE = billion EUR)

China

Russia

Japan

EFTA

USA

of which:
Candidate 5

Extra-EU-27

EU-27

World

Imports from:

EU-27 4451.211 2734.254 1716.957 58.153 97.727 190.911 69.145 199.093 293.281
EU-15 3897.641 2342.986 1554.655 49.032 95.194 183.637 64.659 147.214 263.115
EU-12

553.570 391.268 162.302

9.121

2.534

BE

335.205 227.700 107.505

3.370

4.649 19.213

7.274

4.486 51.878 30.166

6.543

8.901 14.742

BG

23.407

13.899

9.508

1.613

0.013

0.197

0.069

4.127

CZ

109.285

81.457

27.828

0.834

0.082

1.374

1.263

5.235

8.313

DK

68.719

48.416

20.303

0.785

4.354

1.890

0.377

1.032

4.664

DE

0.679

901.456 571.747 329.709 12.756 19.965 35.824 18.061 38.309 64.331

EE

12.672

9.944

2.728

0.048

0.137

0.134

0.031

1.031

0.554

IE

47.849

33.252

14.597

0.229

1.082

6.287

0.607

0.102

1.801

EL

43.715

22.700

21.015

1.560

0.103

0.824

0.321

4.151

2.581

ES

268.464 153.761 114.703

3.415

1.577

9.422

2.583

8.317 15.527

FR

512.819 346.519 166.300

5.333

4.950 22.037

IT

401.416 215.728 185.688

7.260

2.004 13.026

4.218 16.904 29.574

5.632 13.249 24.650

CY

6.234

4.303

1.931

0.028

0.028

0.145

0.050

0.024

0.297

LV

11.703

9.082

2.621

0.056

0.096

0.077

0.017

0.975

0.301

LT

22.826

12.949

9.877

0.120

0.099

0.266

0.041

7.316

0.452

LU

21.062

17.237

3.825

0.032

0.003

1.093

0.165

0.013

1.439

HU

73.592

51.038

22.554

0.886

0.028

1.303

1.147

6.379

6.189

MT

4.521

3.327

1.194

0.077

0.005

0.164

0.037

0.003

0.152

NL

430.330 199.176 231.154

4.072 15.211 25.871 11.998 25.956 51.023

AT

137.512 105.682

31.830

2.020

1.029

2.443

1.051

3.093

3.909

PL

151.291 105.848

45.443

1.304

1.863

2.204

1.068 18.078

7.433

PT

57.729

42.149

15.580

0.165

0.437

1.098

0.341

0.563

1.499

RO

54.939

39.944

14.995

2.228

0.132

0.621

0.260

2.093

2.528

SI

25.523

17.268

8.255

1.430

0.025

0.511

0.081

0.408

1.046

SK

57.577

42.209

15.368

0.497

0.025

0.277

0.423

6.212

2.223

FI

60.530

37.226

23.304

0.294

1.751

1.564

0.408 11.072

2.622

SE

126.869

86.436

40.433

1.048 10.198

3.889

1.899

5.968

UK

483.966 235.257 248.709

HR

16.281

10.065

6.216

7.160

6.691 27.880 39.156 10.453

8.390 38.785

0.658

1.185

0.329

0.373

0.169

1.153

Notes: Candidate 5: Serbia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Iceland

and Turkey. EFTA: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.
14
Sour ces: Eur ost at , nat ional sou rce fo r H R

G E N E R A L D ATA
M ember S tates E x ternal T rade : e x ports

1 . 6b

Member States External Trade

EXPORTS

YEAR 2011 (VALUE = billion EUR)

China

Russia

Japan

USA

EFTA

of which:
Candidate 5

Extra-EU-27

EU-27

Exports to:

World

EU-27 4362.355 2804.507 1557.848 87.003 189.140 263.638 49.005 108.313 136.343
EU-15 3834.978 2400.353 1434.625 71.023 178.668 253.158 47.249 84.955 129.885
EU-12
BE

527.377 404.154 123.223 15.980 10.472 10.481

1.756 23.358

342.015 246.176

6.458

95.839

5.001

7.302 17.426

3.386

4.686

7.329

7.660

2.686

0.163

0.023

0.542

0.294

BG

20.265

CZ

117.054

97.218

19.836

1.453

2.622

2.271

0.419

3.758

1.199

DK

80.358

52.430

27.928

0.895

5.897

4.828

1.392

1.516

2.010

12.605

0.265

DE 1058.581 627.745 430.836 22.424 56.173 73.089 15.025 34.378 64.712

EE

12.012

7.959

4.053

0.171

0.421

0.750

0.061

1.313

0.203

IE

90.328

52.152

38.176

0.505

4.084 21.296

1.740

0.500

1.496

EL

22.737

11.348

11.389

2.724

0.167

1.230

0.033

0.394

0.291

ES

220.093 146.447

73.646

4.652

5.741

7.913

1.835

2.522

3.392

FR

428.185 261.431 166.754

7.095 14.792 23.556

6.566

7.464 13.534

IT
CY

375.811 210.609 165.202 11.218 22.084 22.831

1.306

4.732

9.305

9.996

0.887

0.419

0.002

0.010

0.018

0.000

0.019

0.019

LV

9.432

6.224

3.208

0.122

0.255

0.108

0.035

1.643

0.047

LT

20.151

12.355

7.796

0.152

0.459

0.525

0.019

3.340

0.058

LU

15.707

12.739

2.968

0.358

0.734

0.395

0.041

0.220

0.171

HU

80.684

61.258

19.426

2.609

0.895

1.719

0.431

2.586

1.240

MT

3.151

1.293

1.858

0.026

0.032

0.158

0.098

0.001

0.073

NL

479.197 369.008 110.189

5.745

9.431 19.887

3.465

7.098

6.864

AT

127.458

89.797

37.661

2.061

7.143

6.145

1.175

3.559

2.759

PL

135.557 105.695

29.862

2.709

3.940

2.645

0.405

6.080

1.333

PT

42.326

31.344

10.982

0.313

0.467

1.499

0.192

0.140

0.399

RO

45.267

32.155

13.112

3.616

0.645

0.798

0.171

1.018

0.390

SI

24.968

17.717

7.251

1.303

0.315

0.328

0.029

0.969

0.111

SK

57.530

48.788

8.742

1.131

0.716

0.897

0.066

2.090

1.491

FI

56.855

31.663

25.192

0.849

2.359

2.919

0.975

5.337

2.667

SE

134.329

75.297

59.032

2.128 14.206

8.519

1.686

3.058

4.420

UK

360.998 182.167 178.831

5.054 28.088 41.625

5.006

4.778

9.844

0.731

0.169

0.230

0.039

HR

9.582

5.736

3.846

0.233

0.256

Notes: Candidate 5: Serbia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Iceland

and Turkey. EFTA: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.
15
S o urc e s: Eurostat, nati onal s our c e for HR

G E N E R A L D ATA
C O M PA R I S O N E U -27 WO R L D : G E N E R A L D ATA

1.7

comparisonTitle
EU-27 World
GENERAL
subtitle
DATA

Population
million
Population growth
% change since previous
year
Urban population
% of total
Area
thousand km2
Population density
Persons/km2
gdP (nominal)
billion
Real gdP growth
%
Relative gdP per capita
in PPP (EU-27 = 100)
Exports of goods
billion
imports of goods
billion

EU-27
2011

USA
2011

JAPAN
2011

cHiNA RUSSiA
2011
2011

503.04

311.59

127.82

1344.13

141.93

0.3

0.7

0.3

0.5

0.0

74

82

91

51

74

4 414

9 629

378

9 597

17 075

114

32

338

140

12 651

10 868

4 224

5 269

1 338

1.5

1.7

0.7

9.3

4.3

100

148

105

26

65

1 558

1 514

591

1 653

370

1 717

1 918

614

1 439

285

Notes: EU-27: area, population: including French overseas departments.

EU-27: trade: only extra-eU trade.

16
Sources: Eurostat, World Bank, national sources (USA and Japan trade statistics). Relative
GDP per capita and currency conversion rates: own calculations based on World Bank data.

PART 2

Transport
Road dominates transport in Europe
Freight transport in %, based on tonne-kilometres

0.1%

45.3%

36.8%

3.1%

11%

3.7%

17
Source: EU Transport in Figures 2013

TRANSPORT

PART
Title 2

subtitle
suMMARY

2.1 General

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19

2.2 Performance of Freight Transport

expressed in tonne-kilometres

..............................

35

2.3 Performance of Passenger Transport

expressed in passenger-kilometres

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45

2.4 Performance of Freight and Passenger

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

54

....................................................................

75

Transport Using Other Indicators

2.5 Infrastructure

2.6 Means of Transport

2.7 Safety

18

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

83

101

TRANSPORT
G eneral

2 . 1
2.1.1

Statistical Overview EU Transport

Gross Value Added:

With around 540 billion in Gross Value Added (GVA) at basic prices,
the transport and storage services sector (including postal and courier activities)
accounted for about 4.9% of total GVA in the EU-27 in 2010 (1). It should be
noted, however, that this figure only includes the GVA of companies whose
main activity is the provision of transport (and transport-related) services
and that own account transport operations are not included.

Employment:
In 2010, the transport and storage services sector (including postal and courier
activities) in the EU-27 employed around 11.1 million persons (2), some 5.0%
of the total workforce (3). Around 54% of them worked in land transport (road,
rail, inland waterways and pipelines), 2% in sea transport, 4% in air transport
and 24% in warehousing and supporting and transport activities (such as
cargo handling, storage and warehousing) and the remaining 16% in postal
and courier activities.
Household expenditure:
In 2011, private households in the EU-27 spent 950 billion or roughly 13.0%
of their total consumption on transport-related items.
Close to 27% of this sum (around 260 billion) was used to purchase vehicles,
more than half (515 billion) was spent on the operation of personal transport
equipment (e.g. to buy fuel for the car) and the rest (176 billion) was spent
on transport services (e.g. bus, train, plane tickets).
Goods transport:
In 2011, total goods transport activities in the EU-27 are estimated to have
amounted to 3824 billion tkm. This figure includes intra-EU air and sea
transport but not transport activities between the EU and the rest of the
world. Road transport accounted for 45.3% of this total, rail for 11%, inland
waterways for 3.7% and oil pipelines for 3.1% . Intra-EU maritime transport
was the second most important mode with a share of 36.8% while intra-EU
air transport only accounted for 0.1% of the total.
Passenger transport:
In 2011, total passenger transport activities in the EU-27 by any motorised
means of transport are estimated to have amounted to 6569 billion pkm or
on average around 13060km per person. This figure includes intra-EU air
and sea transport but not transport activities between the EU and the rest
of the world. Passenger cars accounted for 73.4% of this total, powered
two-wheelers for 1.9%, buses & coaches for 7.9%, railways for 6.3% and tram
and metro for 1.4% . Intra-EU air and intra-EU maritime transport contributed
8.8% and 0.6% respectively.

Notes: (1) 4.5% of total GVA if postal and courier activities are not included.
(2) Figures on number of persons employed in transport, total workforce
and shares per mode based on National Accounts.
(3) 4.2% of total employment if postal and courier activities are not included.
19

TRANSPORT
GENERAL

2.1.1

Title EU Transport
Statistical Overview
subtitle

Safety:
Road: 30268 persons were killed in road accidents (fatalities within 30 days)
in 2011, 2.5% fewer than in 2010 (when 31030 people lost their lives).
In comparison with 2001, the number of road fatalities was lower by more
than 40% ( 44.3%).
Rail: 38 passengers lost their lives in 2011; this figure does not include
casualties among railway employees or other people run over by trains.
Air: In 2012, 8 people were killed on board a carrier which was flying over the
EU territory.

20

TRANSPORT
GENERAL

2.1.2

Transport Title
Growth EU-27
subtitle

YEAR
1995
= 100

Passengers, Goods, GDP 19952011

140
135
130
125
120
115
110
105
2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

100

PASSENGERS (1) (pkm)

goods (2) (tkm)
GDP (at constant year 2000 prices)

Annual Growth Rates EU-27

19952011
p.a.

20002011
p.a.

20102011

GDP at year 2000 prices

and exchange rates

1.9%

1.4%

1.5%

Passenger transport
(pkm)

1.4%

0.8%

0.2%

Freight transport (tkm)

1.3%

0.9%

0.8%

Notes: (1) Passenger cars, powered two-wheelers, buses & coaches, tram & metro,
railways, intra-EU air, intra-EU sea.
(2) Road, rail, inland waterways, oil pipelines, intra-EU air, intra-EU sea.
GDP: at constant year 2000 prices and exchange rates.

21
S o urc e : Eurostat, tabl e s 2 .2. 2 and 2.3.2

TRANSPORT
GENERAL

2.1.3

Road Title
transport:

Speed Limits, Blood

subtitleAlcohol Limits
Speed limit, cars (in general), km/h:

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

Built-up areas
3050
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
5060
50
50
3050
50
4050
50
3248
50
60
50
50
50
50

Outside
built-up areas
90120
90
90
80
100
90110
80100
90110
90100
80110
90110
80
90
7090
90
90110
80
80100
100
90120
90100
90100
90100
90
80100
70
96112
90110
80100
90110
8090
80
80100

Motorways
120
130
130
130
(130)
120
130
120
110130
130
100
110
110130
110130
130
130
130
140
120
130
130
130
100120
110
112
130
120
120
90100
120

Blood alcohol
limit, grams of
alcohol in 1 litre
of blood
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.0
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.2
0.5

Notes: UK, IE, CY and MT drive on the left hand side of the road, the other Member
States drive on the right hand side (Sweden since 3 September 1967).
Signs in the UK are in miles per hour.
The higher figure shown in the outside built-up areas column generally refers
to the speed limit on dual carriageways that are not motorways.
Speed limits:
DE: Motorways: No general speed limit, recommended speed limit is 130 km/h
(more than half the network has a speed limit of 120 km/h or less).
FR: Dual carriageways 110 km/h. If the road is wet: motorways 110 km/h,
dual carriageways 90 km/h, other roads outside built-up areas 80 km/h.
IT: 150 km/h on certain 2x3 lane motorways if the operator so requests.
FI: in winter 100 km/h on motorways, 80 km/h on other roads.
PL: Built-up areas: 50 km/h from 05:00 to 23:00, 60 km/h from 23:00 to 05:00.
Blood alcohol limits:
In many countries, special (more restrictive) rules apply to novice
(i.e. new, unexperienced) and professional drivers.
22
Sou r c es : Nat ional sour ces, Int er nat ional Tr ansp ort Fo ru m,
EC Road Safet y w ebsit e, TI P S O L

TRANSPORT
GENERAL

2.1.4

Road Title
transport:

Weight per
drive axle

tonnes
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH
LI

Weight per
bearing axle

Maximum Gross
subtitle
Vehicle Weight

10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7/10
10
13
12
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

12
11.5
11.5
10/11.5 (3)
11.5
11.5
11.5 (7)
13
11.5
13
12
11.5
11.5
11.5
12 (9)
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
12
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.5

Lorries

2 axles 3 axles
19
26
18
26 (1)
18
26 (1)
18
24/26 (1) (3)
18
26 (1)
18
26 (1)
18
26 (1)
19
26
18
26
19
26
18
26 (1)
18
25
18
26 (1)
18
26 (1)
19
26
18
25
18
25
21.5
33
18
26
18
26 (1)
19
26
18
25
18
26 (1)
18
26 (1)
18
26 (1)
18
26 (1)
18
26 (1)
18
24
18
24
18
25/26
18
26 (1)
19
26
18
26 (1)
18
26

Road train

ArticUlated
vehicles

5 axles 5 axles
4 axles and more and more
39
44
44 (2)
36
40
40
36
44 (1)
4248
38
4248
4248
36
40
40
36 (10)
40 (11)
40
36
44 (1)
44 (1)
33
40
40
36
40
4244
38
40
40
40
44
44
36
40
40 (6)
40
40
40
36
40
4044 (8)
44
44
44
30
40
40 (6)
36
40
40 (6)
40
50
50
36
40
40
36
40
40
40
40
37 (10)
36
40
40
36
40
40
36
40
40
36
4460 (4) 4248
38
4860 (5) 4860 (5)
36
40
4044 (8)
36
40
40
31
40
40
36
40
4044 (8)
36
40
44
37
42
44
36
40
40
36
40
40

Notes: An articulated vehicle consists of a road tractor coupled to a semi-trailer.

A road train is a goods road motor vehicle coupled to one or more trailers.
(1) For axles equipped with air suspension or equivalent.
(2) 2-axle tractor + 3-axle semi-trailer: mechancial suspension = 43t,
pneumatic suspension = 44t.
(3) National traffic / international traffic.
4
( ) 5 axles = 44t; 6 axles = 56t; 7 axles = 60t.
(5) 5 axles = 48t; 6 axles = 58t; 7 axles = 60t.
(6) 44t for 40 feet long ISO containers.
(7) 10.5t for vehicles with mechanical suspension in national traffic.
(8) Higher value for vehicles engaged in combined transport.
(9) 11.5t if mechanical suspension.
(10) 35t for 3-axle tractor + 1-axle trailer.
(11) 44t for 3 and + axle tractor + 3 and + axle trailer.
23
S o urc e s: Inte rnati onal Tran s por t For um, nat ional sour ces

TRANSPORT
GENERAL

2.1.5

EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR

Postal and courier

activities

Warehousing
and support activities

Air transport

Sea transport

Inland water
transport

Pipelines

Railways

Road
passenger transport (**)

Road
freight transport

Total

Employment by Mode
Title of Transport (*)
subtitle 2010
(thousand)

10449.1 2926.4 1933.1 678.2

22.6

42.0

182.2

394.4 2492.3 1778.0

8346.3 2220.9 1477.3 499.7

10.8

34.5

169.2

370.3 2081.6 1482.0

2102.7

705.5

11.8

7.5

13.0

24.0

410.7

296.0

217.0

62.1

12.5

4.5

0.1

0.8

1.7

4.3

91.0

40.1

155.6

44.4

35.9

14.6

0.1

1.1

2.9

2.6

33.8

20.3

291.3

110.9

80.0

13.1

0.1

0.4

0.0

4.8

38.7

43.3

131.4

28.5

26.3

10.1

0.0

0.1

11.4

4.7

23.0

27.1

1880.6

359.8

331.6

73.4

2.9

8.7

27.7

63.7

569.4

443.4

36.9

13.4

5.3

2.2

0.0

0.0

0.8

0.4

10.7

4.1

78.2

19.3

9.6

6.3

0.0

0.2

2.6

8.2

14.7

17.2

455.8 178.5

198.2

45.4

74.0

1.9

0.0

0.0

16.4

4.6

40.2

15.9

921.0

361.9

179.4

20.5

0.0

0.4

7.0

32.6

221.8

97.4

1380.2

375.1

243.7 170.3

4.4

3.7

14.3

69.2

254.8

244.6

1109.6

331.8

174.9

44.5

2.6

2.5

27.2

23.6

339.7

162.9
1.3

21.4

2.8

3.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

3.5

1.6

8.6

68.2

18.2

12.5

4.8

0.3

0.1

0.9

1.4

23.8

6.4

90.4

39.4

15.3

10.7

0.0

0.2

1.4

0.5

14.1

8.8

22.9

8.3

3.3

2.2

0.0

0.1

0.3

3.9

2.8

2.0

219.8

62.5

48.6

11.9

0.8

0.9

0.0

1.9

54.0

39.3

7.4

2.1

3.7

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

1.4

0.1

407.1

119.3

68.9

15.3

0.1

13.6

9.6

25.7

77.5

77.0

208.4

57.3

53.4

12.5

0.4

0.5

0.0

8.3

49.5

26.6

727.8

272.1

148.5

64.6

3.3

1.8

2.3

5.7

124.5

105.1

163.2

65.6

35.5

4.1

0.1

0.9

1.3

10.8

27.8

17.1

318.5

88.4

76.1

36.3

6.9

2.4

0.8

4.1

60.4

43.1

50.8

21.6

8.0

4.1

0.2

0.5

0.2

0.7

7.8

7.6

114.5

29.9

18.4

16.2

0.1

0.2

0.0

0.3

32.8

16.6

148.1

44.0

30.8

1.6

0.0

0.2

9.1

9.0

27.3

26.1

269.0

75.0

65.1

10.1

0.0

1.2

15.5

24.9

51.8

25.4

1211.4

267.6

168.3 122.5

0.2

1.5

24.9

76.9

290.2

259.4

77.1

21.7

0.1

0.0

3.8

4.7

23.0

3.0

10.2

10.6

Notes: (*) Data refer to transportation and storage activities (including postal and courier services,
removal services). Data are based on Structural Business Statistics and therefore total
transport employment differs from value on Overview 2.1.1. Values above in italics are
not from ESTAT or other official source, but are merely indicative estimates by DG MOVE.
(**) Including all urban and suburban land transport modes (motor bus, tramway, streetcar, trolley bus,
underground and elevated railways). The above figures refer to those companies whose main
activity lies in the mode concerned. Economic activity according to NACE Rev. 2 classification.

24

Sour ce: Eur ost at , est imat es (in ita lics )

TRANSPORT
GENERAL

2.1.6

Postal and courier

activities

Warehousing
and support activities

Air transport

Sea transport

Inland water
transport

Pipelines

Railways

Road
passenger transport (**)

Road
freight transport

Total

Number of Enterprises
by Mode
Title
subtitle
ofTransport
(*) 2010

EU-27 1 120 153 581462 336429

861

231

9651 11082 3893 127447 49097

EU-15

815718 404187 248045

541

210

8633 10451 3380 97810 42461

EU-12

304435 177275 88384

320

21

1018

632

BE 18349 8835 2692

BG 19084 9110 7587
CZ 39341 28118 5773
DK 12481 6102 3382
DE 87534 34470 25317
4027 2551
367
EE
9735 4654 1626
IE
EL 67310 22349 33995
ES 209545 126401 62064
FR 88060 37607 38033
IT 135199 79960 29008
3191 1203 1222
CY
5570 2808
798
LV
6792 3879 1044
LT
936
486
175
LU
HU 30731 16533 8950
1298
489
497
MT
NL 29896 9946 5169
AT 13939 6742 5174
PL 138649 78280 48433
PT 24194 9802 11524
RO 32774 20834 8526
8688 6091 1079
SI
SK 14290 7379 4108
FI 23030 11081 9409
SE 29401 15021 8877
UK 66109 30731 11600
HR 21535 9541 6635

16

41

304

234

10

32

59

17

513 29637

6636

90

3301

2836

23

41

1812

468

92

45

4786

458

18

355

56

1343

1204

228

78

1030

2158

595 15096

8562

34

992

67

60

172

43

1036

2137

22

7825

361

88 14597

6045

2754

11

63

273

22

37

1023

727

403

8678

1530

22

14

926

661

227 22305

2076

67

656

41

15

12

48

18

1559

311
558

15

12

13

1268

18

11

18

174

52

32

108

18

94

3686

1308

27

267

17

21

4259

744

317

4972

4459

23

82

190

1327

395

102

535

216

162

8941

1975
323

41

175

75

2246

71

166

130

81

2364

599

33

44

40

853

541

15

24

2453

293

76

240

69

1811

337

46

487

761

256

3516

437

111

14

246

1186

931

9583 11707

11

15

1708

91

2251

1278

Notes: (*) Data refer to transportation and storage activities (including postal and courier services,
removal services). The values above in italics are not from ESTAT or other official source,
but are merely indicative estimates made by DG MOVE.
(**) Including all urban and suburban land transport modes (motor bus, tramway,
streetcar, trolley bus, underground and elevated railways). The above figures
refer to those companies whose main activity lies in the mode concerned.
Economic activity according to NACE Rev. 2 classification.

25

S o urc e : Eurostat, e sti mate s ( in it alics)

TRANSPORT
GENERAL

2.1.7

Turnover by Mode
Titleof Transport (*)

Postal and courier

activities

Warehousing
and support activities

Air transport

Sea transport

Inland water
transport

Pipelines

Railways

Road
passenger transport (**)

Road
freight transport

Total

2010 subtitle
(million EUR)

EU-27 1249602 293564 104121 74771 13565 7585 100654 122097 432445 100799
EU-15 1138951 251506 94688 65670 11892 7026
EU-12 110651 42059

BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR

46797 10670

98883 116706 397702 94877

9432

9102

1673

558

1771

5392 34743

5922

1635

1692

59

210

2973

4257 22007

3294

4691

2028

466

495

58

50

53

374

950

216

20060

7299

1982

1218

88

20

11

1257

6961

1223

44666

4802

2619

1264 1315

33

20802

2585

8919

2328

236525 33698 17793 16925 3563

2128 24230 18833 93981 25375

4085

887

106

175

484

85

2276

72

13437

2299

602

349

665

5188

2703

1623

15404

4019

2612

211

2262

1376

3868

1055

99535 33958

9028

2341

267

21

1838

8675 38816

4591

192174 42958 17305 19279 2303

706 12654 19227 64272 13471

144372 46065 10741

244 11904

5196 2250

8131 47775 12067

1837

197

122

444

153

860

60

4008

896

164

443

28

52

328

2017

80

4956

2155

202

330

253

104

1806

99

4833

1117

314

346

35

241

1613

938

230

13214

3768

1082

993

146

72

1046

5231

875

654

138

125

57

11

301

21

67700 18228

2213

1924

406

3174

5495

9396 21905

4959

36300

8576

3658

2535

663

137

2990 15310

2431

35975 16601

3644

2894

834

240

245

1236

8375

1907

17045

4963

1204

306

144

37

314

3500

5665

910

10447

4338

976

842

392

144

89

524

2533

609

4491

1981

222

362

28

79

210

1321

287

6233

1771

342

1349

98

22

64

2112

472

20684

5186

2079

1730

231

47

2593

1969

5772

1077

43120

9439

6681

1813

125

3830

4814 15498

920

156361 25529 16205

9758

690

122

9084 24152 50275 20546

634

383

38447

5092

2673

14885

2969

9872

1936

Notes: (*) Data refer to transportation and storage activities (including postal and courier services,
removal services). The values above in italics are not from ESTAT or other official source,
but are merely indicative estimates made by DG MOVE.
(**) Including all urban and suburban land transport modes (motor bus, tramway,
streetcar, trolley bus, underground and elevated railways). The above figures
refer to those companies whose main activity lies in the mode concerned.
Economic activity according to NACE Rev. 2 classification.
26
Sour ce: Eur ost at , est imat es (in ita lics )

TRANSPORT
GENERAL

2.1.8

Final Consumption
Title
subtitle
ofHouseholdsforTransport

purchase
of personal
transport
equipment

operation
of personal
transport
equipment

purchased
transport
services

Expenditure
per head on
transport

of which:

Transport as
a% of total final
consumption
of households

Final
consumption
of households
for transport

by type of expenditure 2011

13.2
13.4
11.3
12.4
17.0
9.4
12.3
14.0
13.2
13.3
11.8
11.5
14.4
12.8
11.5
13.6
15.1
19.1
13.0
12.5
12.5
13.4
10.0
12.6
13.7
15.1
7.3
11.3
13.3
14.3
12.9

1900
2200
673
2100
574
700
2500
2400
800
2100
1700
1519
2500
2100
1700
800
1000
5800
700
1400
2000
2600
600
1400
520
1600
500
2100
2500
2400
766

million EUR
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR

950337
884168
66169
23223
4206
7669
14136
197360
1096
9618
18929
73818
160569
124818
1477
1687
2903
3032
7003
576
33290
22258
22285
14601
11112
3327
2828
11320
24038
153159
3370

258388
243556
14832
6623
898
2451
5405
70500
271
2376
3556
17844
40263
26084
508
232
476
932
1205
133
8928
5940
5128
4333
2067
784
678
3101
6293
41379
553

515313
477699
37614
14510
1999
3837
7243
90640
601
5092
9724
44242
94881
79527
770
1129
2066
1989
4775
348
19258
12656
12801
7794
5653
2301
1333
6113
12585
71445
2477

176637
162913
13724
2090
1309
1380
1488
36220
225
2149
5649
11732
25425
19206
199
327
361
112
1023
95
5104
3662
4356
2475
3392
242
817
2106
5161
40335
340

27
S o urc e s: Eurostat, e sti mate s ( in it alics), nat ional sour ces (HR)

TRANSPORT
GENERAL

2.1.9

EU-27: EvolutionTitle
of Consumer Prices
subtitleTransport
forPassenger
Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices
of which:

YEAR
2005
=100 All items
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001

118.4
115.4
111.9
109.6
108.6
104.7
102.3
100.0
97.8
95.6
93.6
91.3

Transport

Purchase
of vehicles

Motor cars

Motorcycles,
bicycles and
animal drawn
vehicles

125.5
121.0
114.3
108.4
110.7
105.6
103.0
100.0
95.7
92.6
90.2
88.6

102.7
102.4
101.7
101.2
101.3
101.6
100.6
100.0
99.7
98.9
97.8
96.6

102.2
102.0
101.4
100.9
101.3
101.7
100.7
100.0
99.6
98.7
97.6
96.4

107.1
106.7
105.0
103.7
100.7
100.3
99.5
100.0
100.4
100.3
100.4
99.4

of which:
Operation
of
YEAR personal
2005 transport
=100 equipment

2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001

135.6
129.2
119.2
109.9
115.3
107.5
104.3
100.0
93.7
89.3
86.5
85.1

Spare parts
and
accessories
for personal
transport
equipment

Fuels and
lubricants
for personal
transport
equipment

Maintenance
and repair
of personal
transport
equipment

Other
services
in respect
of personal
transport
equipment

121.3
118.6
115.5
112.8
109.6
105.8
102.5
100.0
97.7
95.4
94.2
92.6

146.3
136.7
120.3
105.1
119.0
108.1
105.5
100.0
90.6
84.9
82.2
82.4

126.9
123.7
120.2
117.1
112.8
107.9
103.7
100.0
96.3
92.4
88.7
85.0

116.8
114.8
112.9
110.8
107.7
104.9
102.2
100.0
97.8
95.9
93.2
90.7

of which:
Passenger
transport

Other

YEAR Trans- Passenger Passenger Passenger by sea and Combined purchased

2005 port
transport transport transport
inland passenger transport
by air
waterway transport services
=100 services by railway by road
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001

134.4
128.1
121.3
117.2
113.2
106.6
103.2
100.0
95.4
92.3
89.0
85.8

134.3
128.6
123.9
118.0
112.8
108.4
103.4
100.0
96.5
93.2
90.4
86.8

130.8
125.7
121.0
117.9
113.3
107.8
103.8
100.0
95.5
92.0
88.0
84.6

126.2
120.3
112.2
110.0
110.9
100.3
100.7
100.0
94.5
93.4
91.8
89.5

144.5
140.3
128.8
128.0
117.8
113.2
106.2
100.0
100.2
102.3
99.6
95.2

130.6
124.5
119.5
116.5
111.9
107.0
103.6
100.0
96.5
92.2
89.3
86.3

111.7
109.8
108.8
109.4
109.0
105.7
102.6
100.0
97.8
95.2
93.1
90.0

28
Sour ce: Eu ro s t a t

TRANSPORT
GENERAL

2.1.10

EU-27 External Trade

Title
by Mode of Transport
subtitle
2011

Value (billion EUR)

Partner: EXTRA-EU-27
Export

Import

Export + Import

Sea

739.6

47.4%

954.1

55.4%

1693.7

51.6%

Road

321.0

20.6%

224.9

13.1%

545.9

16.6%

Rail

22.6

1.4%

20.0

1.2%

42.5

1.3%

Inland waterway

3.6

0.2%

3.9

0.2%

7.5

0.2%

Pipeline

4.7

0.3%

106.0

6.2%

110.8

3.4%

423.2

27.1%

324.6

18.9%

747.8

22.8%

39.6

2.5%

17.5

1.0%

57.1

1.7%

Post

0.6

0.0%

1.7

0.1%

2.3

0.1%

Unknown

4.1

0.3%

69.0

4.0%

73.0

2.2%

Air
Self propulsion

Total

1558.9 100.0%

1721.7 100.0%

3280.6 100.0%

Weight (million tonnes)

Partner: EXTRA-EU-27
Export

Sea

Import

Export + Import

442.4

77.4%

1232.8

74.6%

1675.2

75.3%

Road

85.6

15.0%

59.8

3.6%

145.4

6.5%

Rail

20.3

3.6%

69.8

4.2%

90.1

4.1%

Inland waterway

6.4

1.1%

12.4

0.8%

18.8

0.8%

Pipeline

3.3

0.6%

224.7

13.6%

228.0

10.2%

10.4

1.8%

3.8

0.2%

14.3

0.6%

Self propulsion

2.3

0.4%

4.9

0.3%

7.2

0.3%

Post

0.0

0.0%

0.0

0.0%

0.0

0.0%

44.6

2.7%

45.4

2.0%

Air

Unknown
Total

0.8

0.1%

571.6

100.0%

1652.9 100.0%

2224.5 100.0%

Note: Data for intra-EU trade are no longer available by mode of transport used.

29
S o urc e : Eurostat

TRANSPORT
GENERAL

2.1.11

Energy
Title
taxes

as%ofGDP-Transportfueltaxes
subtitle
(*)

%
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EU- 27
EU- 15
EU- 12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.2

2.2
1.2
1.6
1.8
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.6
2.2
1.7
2.8
1.8
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.8
1.9

2.1
1.2
1.5
1.7
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.6
1.5
2.0
1.6
2.5
1.9
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.9
1.9

1.5
1.3
1.8

2.1
2.1
1.4
1.4
1.7

0.9

0.9

1.3
1.7
1.7
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.7
2.9
1.8
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.7
2.0
2.2

2.1
2.0
1.4
1.3
1.6

1.4
1.4
1.9
1.1
2.9
2.1
1.1
1.4
1.7
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.6
2.3
1.8
1.7
1.3
1.3
1.9
1.9
1.3
2.1
1.8
1.3
1.2
1.6

1.4
1.3
1.8
1.1
2.9
2.0
1.1
1.4
1.7
1.2
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.5
1.4
1.7
1.5
2.4
1.8
1.4
1.2
1.3
1.9
1.7
1.3
2.2
1.8
1.3
1.2
1.6

1.4
1.4
1.9
1.1
2.6
2.1
1.1
1.5
2.2
1.3
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.5
1.4
2.0
1.9
2.3
1.8
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.8
1.8
1.6
2.7
1.7
1.4
1.3
1.7

1.4
1.4
1.9
1.1
2.5
2.0
1.0
1.4
2.1
1.3
1.5
1.1
1.2
1.5
1.7
2.0
1.8
2.2
1.9
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.9
1.8
1.6
2.7
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.7

1.4
1.4
1.9
1.1
2.5
2.1
1.0
1.4
2.0
1.3
1.6
1.1
1.2
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.6
2.2
1.8
1.6
1.3
1.3
1.9
1.7
1.4
2.6
1.6
1.3
1.1
1.6

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.8

0.8

0.7

ranking
in 2011

25
2
4
27
17
5
21
12
26
23
15
9
6
14
3
8
13
22
19
7
10
18
1
16
20
24
11

Notes: (*) Transport fuel taxes include those taxes which are levied
on the transport use of fuels/energy products.
EU totals are weighted averages.

30
Sour ce: Comm ission services

TRANSPORT
GENERAL

2.1.12

Environmental
Title taxes

as%ofGDP-Transport
subtitle (excl. fuel) (*)

%
1995 2000 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EU- 27
EU- 15
EU- 12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

0.5
0.5
0.3
0.6
0.2
0.3
2.1
0.4
0.3
1.3
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.5
2.3
0.0
0.7
0.1
0.2
2.3
1.3
0.7
0.2
0.9
0.0
1.0
0.2
0.8
0.3
0.6

0.5
0.5
0.3
0.6
0.2
0.2
1.8
0.3
0.2
1.4
0.8
0.4
0.3
0.6
2.0
0.3
0.7
0.1
0.4
2.3
1.4
0.8
0.2
1.1
0.1
0.4
0.2
1.1
0.3
0.6

0.5
0.5
0.3
0.7
0.2
0.2
2.2
0.4
0.1
1.2
0.9
0.4
0.2
0.6
1.6
0.3
0.5
0.1
0.5
1.8
1.3
0.8
0.3
0.9
0.1
0.5
0.2
1.2
0.4
0.5

0.5
0.6
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.2
2.2
0.4
0.1
1.3
0.8
0.4
0.2
0.6
1.6
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.7
1.7
1.4
0.8
0.2
0.9
0.3
0.5
0.2
1.0
0.4
0.5

0.5
0.5
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.2
1.8
0.4
0.0
1.2
0.8
0.3
0.2
0.6
1.6
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.6
1.6
1.3
0.7
0.3
0.7
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.9
0.5
0.5

0.5
0.5
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.1
1.5
0.3
0.0
0.9
0.8
0.3
0.2
0.6
1.3
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.5
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.2
0.6
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.8
0.5
0.6

0.5
0.5
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.1
1.5
0.3
0.0
1.0
0.7
0.3
0.2
0.6
1.1
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.5
1.4
1.2
0.7
0.2
0.7
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.9
0.5
0.6

0.5
0.5
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.1
1.5
0.4
0.1
0.9
0.7
0.3
0.2
0.7
0.9
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.5
1.4
1.2
0.8
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.4
0.2
1.0
0.4
0.6

1.2

1.7

1.6

1.1

0.6

0.3

0.3

0.3

ranking
in 2011

11
20
25
1
17
26
5
8
18
19
9
6
14
27
24
13
2
3
7
22
12
23
16
21
4
15
10

Notes: (*) Transport taxes (excl. fuel) mainly include taxes related
to the ownership and use of motor vehicles.
EU totals are weighted averages.

31
S o urc e : C ommi ssi on se rvi c es

TRANSPORT
GENERAL

2.1.13

Environmental Title
taxes on transport

(fuelandother taxes)subtitle
(*) as % of total taxation

%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
EU- 27
EU- 15
EU- 12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

5.3

5.1

4.4

4.1

6.7
6.8
5.2
6.2
7.9
6.2
4.8
3.6
5.5
9.2
8.7
7.6
7.7
6.3
9.0
6.9
5.2
6.4
9.0

6.5
6.9
5.0
5.8
7.4
6.0
4.5
3.5
5.2
8.3
7.5
5.7
7.2
6.8
9.1
6.8
5.0
6.2
8.6

6.8
7.4
5.9
3.6
6.0

6.8
7.4
5.8
3.5
5.7

5.0
4.9
6.4
3.9
9.6
6.3
6.8
4.7
5.7
7.6
6.1
4.3
3.5
4.9
7.7
6.5
5.6
7.0
6.1
9.8
6.7
4.8
6.2
8.3
5.8
7.0
6.9
5.4
3.5
5.9

4.8
4.7
6.3
3.7
10.0
6.2
6.1
4.6
5.4
8.0
5.2
4.3
3.4
4.8
7.7
6.5
5.1
6.9
5.8
9.2
6.5
4.8
6.2
7.4
6.1
7.1
6.7
5.2
3.8
5.6

5.0
4.9
6.7
3.9
9.9
6.8
5.5
4.7
6.3
8.0
5.7
4.6
3.5
4.9
7.7
8.5
6.6
6.5
5.7
8.4
6.7
4.9
6.4
7.7
6.8
8.4
6.5
5.1
3.9
6.6

5.0
4.9
6.7
3.9
10.1
6.3
5.4
4.6
6.3
7.9
6.9
4.3
3.3
4.9
7.7
8.5
6.7
6.2
6.2
8.7
6.5
4.8
6.6
7.7
6.6
8.3
6.3
5.4
3.8
6.5

4.9
4.8
6.5
3.9
9.9
6.4
5.2
4.5
6.2
7.6
7.0
4.2
3.2
5.2
7.6
8.5
6.3
6.3
6.1
9.0
6.4
5.0
6.4
6.8
5.7
8.0
6.1
5.2
3.6
6.3

ranking
in 2011

25
1
9
19
23
15
6
7
24
27
21
5
3
12
14
17
2
11
22
10
8
18
4
16
20
26
13

Note: (*) Including taxes on fuel and other transport taxes.

EU totals are weighted averages.

32
Sour ce: Comm ission services

TRANSPORT
GENERAL

2.1.14

ComparisonTitle
EU-27 World:
InfrastructureandVehicles
subtitle

Transport infrastructure
1000 km
Road network (paved)
Motorway network
Railway network

EU-27

USA

Japan

China

Russia

2010

2010 ( )

2010 ( )

2010

2010

5000

4400

973

3305

786

69.5

94.9 (3)

7.8 (4)

74.1

29.0

212.8

204.5 ( )

27.8

91.2

86.0

15.2

32.7

43.2

Electrified rail lines

112

Navigable inland waterways

40.6

40.7

124.2

101.0

Oil pipelines

37.4

283.7

78.5 (6)

49.0 (7)

Vehicle stock

Passenger
cars stock

million

cars /
Motorisation 1000 persons
Commercial
freight
million
vehicles

EU-27

USA

Japan

China

Russia

2011

2010

2011

2011

2011

242.2

230 (8)

69.7 (9)

49.6

34.6

483

742

546

37

244

33.98

10.77

6.14

15.97

5.55

Transport safety

Road
fatalities

EU-27

USA

Japan

China

Russia

2011

2011

2011

2011

2011

number 30268

32367

4612

62387

28000

104

36

47

197

per million
inhabitants

60

Notes: (1) USA: data on the road network and on the motorway network are from 2008.
(2) Japan: data on the railway network and on the elecrified rail lines are from 2009.
(3) Divided highways with 4 or more lanes (rural or urban interstate, freeways,
expressways, arterial and collector) with full access control by the authorities.
(4) Japan: national expressways.
5
( ) USA: a sum of partly overlapping networks.
(6) China: both oil and gas pipelines.
(7) Russia: only crude oil pipelines. 16000km of oil product pipelines
are not included.
(8) USA: all 2-axle 4-tyre vehicles.
9
( ) Japan: including 29.6 million light motor vehicles
(engine capacity up to 660 cubic centimetres).
33
S o urc e s: Eurostat, Inte rnati onal Road Feder at ion, Union Int er nat ional e
de s C he mi ns de F e r, nati on al s t at ist ics, est im at es (in it alics)

TRANSPORT
GENERAL

2.1.15

ComparisonTitle
EU-27 World:

PassengerandFreight
subtitle
Transport

Passenger transport

billion pkm
Passenger car

EU-27

USA

Japan

China

Russia

2011

2010

2010 ( )

2011

2011

4822.1

5866.7 (2) 766.7 (3) 1676.0 (4)

Bus + trolley bus + coach

512.2

470.4

87.0

Railway

407.1

36.7

394

Tram + metro

92.9

17.3

(5)

Waterborne

36.6

0.6

4.4

7.5

0.7

575.1

908.9

75.7

453.7

166.8

Air (domestic / intra-EU-27)

145.5
961.2

139.8
49.6

Freight transport
EU-27

USA

Japan

China

Russia

2011

2009

2010

2011

2011

Road

1734.1

1929.2

333.2 (7)

5137.5

223.0

Rail

420.0

2309.8 (6)

20.4

2946.6

2128.0

Inland waterways

141.1

406.6

2606.9

61.0

Oil pipeline

118.6

829.8

202.2 ( ) 2422.0

1407.7

286.6

billion tkm

Sea (domestic / intra-EU-27)

179.7

4935.5

77.0

Notes: (1) Japan: data for passenger car, bus+trolley bus+coach and waterborne
are from 2009.
(2) USA: including light trucks / vans.
3
( ) Japan: including light motor vehicles and taxis.
(4) China: including buses and coaches.
(5) Japan: included in railway pkm.
(6) USA: Class I rail.
(7) Japan: 2009.
(8) China: oil and gas pipelines.

34
Sources: Eurostat, Japan Statistics Bureau, US Bureau of Transportation Statisitics, Goskom STAT
(Russia), National Bureau of Statistics of China, International Transport Forum, estimates (in italics)

T ransport
P erformance of F reight T ransport e x pressed in tonne- kilometres

2 . 2
2.2.1

EU-27 Performance by Mode

forFreightTransport 19952011
billion tonne-kilometres
Road
1800

1600

SEA

1400

1200

1000

500

Rail

400

300

200

Inland waterWAYS

100

PIPELINES

2011

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

2010

AIR

35
S o urc e : Tabl e s 2 .2.4c to 2.2. 7 , es t imat es

2.2.2

TRANSPORT
P erformance of F reight T ransport e x pressed in tonne -kilometres

Title

EU-27 Performance by Mode

subtitle
Freight Transport
billion tonne-kilometres

1995
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
19952011
per year
20002011
per year
20102011

Road
1289
1352
1414
1470
1519
1556
1606
1625
1742
1794
1848
1914
1881
1690
1756
1734
34.6%
1.9%
14.2%
1.2%
1.2%

Rail
386
410
393
384
404
386
384
392
417
413
435
448
440
361
391
420
8.8%
0.5%
4.0%
0.4%
7.3%

Inland
waterWAYS
122
128
131
129
134
133
133
124
137
139
138
145
145
130
148
141
15.6%
0.9%
5.4%
0.5%
4.8%

Rail
12.6
12.8
11.9
11.4
11.5
10.9
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.5
10.7
10.7
10.7
9.9
10.2
11.0

Inland
water- PIPEWAYS LINES
4.0
3.8
4.0
3.7
4.0
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.5
3.1
3.6
3.1
3.6
3.3
3.8
3.1
3.7
3.1

PIPELINES
115
118
125
124
127
133
128
130
132
136
136
130
125
119
121
119
3.2%
0.2%
6.4%
0.6%
1.7%

SEA
AIR
1146
2
1193
2
1232
2
1268
2
1314
2
1334
2
1355
2
1378
2
1427
3
1461
3
1505
3
1532
3
1498
3
1336
2
1415
3
1408
3
22.8% 25.9%
1.3%
1.4%
7.1%
2.8%
0.6%
0.2%
0.5% 1.2%

total
3060
3202
3297
3377
3499
3544
3608
3652
3857
3946
4064
4173
4091
3639
3833
3824
25.0%
1.4%
9.3%
0.8%
0.2%

Modal split
(%)

1995
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

Road
42.1
42.2
42.9
43.5
43.4
43.9
44.5
44.5
45.2
45.5
45.5
45.9
46.0
46.5
45.8
45.3

SEA
37.5
37.3
37.4
37.6
37.5
37.6
37.6
37.7
37.0
37.0
37.0
36.7
36.6
36.7
36.9
36.8

AIR
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1

Notes: Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-27 transport; provisional estimates.
Road: national and international haulage by vehicles registered in the EU-27.

36

Sour ce: Tables 2.2.4c t o 2.2.7, est im at e s (in ita lics )

TRANSPORT
P erformance of F reight T ransport e x pressed in tonne- kilometres

2.2.3

Title

EU-27 Performance by Mode

subtitle
Freight Transport for Inland Modes
billion tonne-kilometres
Road
1995
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
19952011
per year
20002011
per year
20102011

1289
1352
1414
1470
1519
1556
1606
1625
1742
1794
1848
1914
1881
1690
1756
1734

34.6%
1.9%
14.2%
1.2%
1.2%

Rail
386
410
393
384
404
386
384
392
417
413
435
448
440
361
391
420
8.8%
0.5%
4.0%
0.4%
7.3%

Inland
waterWAYS
122
128
131
129
134
133
133
124
137
139
138
145
145
130
148
141
15.6%
0.9%
5.4%
0.5%
4.8%

Rail
20.2
20.4
19.0
18.2
18.5
17.5
17.1
17.3
17.2
16.6
17.0
17.0
17.0
15.7
16.2
17.4

Inland
waterWAYS PIPELINES
6.4
6.0
6.4
5.9
6.4
6.1
6.1
5.9
6.1
5.8
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.7
5.4
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.5
4.9
5.6
4.8
5.6
5.2
6.1
5.0
5.8
4.9

PIPELINES
115
118
125
124
127
133
128
130
132
136
136
130
125
119
121
119
3.2%
0.2%
6.4%
0.6%
1.7%

total
1912
2007
2063
2107
2183
2208
2251
2271
2427
2482
2556
2638
2590
2300
2416
2414
26.3%
1.5%
10.6%
0.9%
0.1%

Modal split
(%)
1995
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

Road
67.4
67.3
68.5
69.8
69.6
70.5
71.4
71.6
71.8
72.3
72.3
72.6
72.6
73.5
72.7
71.8

Note: Road: national and international haulage by vehicles registered in the EU-27.
37
S o urc e : Tabl e s 2 .2.4c to 2.2. 7

2.2.4a

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight Transport expressed in tonne-kilometres

Road:
Title

National
subtitle
Haulage
Haulage by Vehicles Registered
in the reporting Country
billion tkm
1995
EU-27
EU- 15
EU- 12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

869.9
18.6

9.3
201.3
0.4
4.7
20.0
78.7
135.3
150.3

0.5

26.7
11.1
16.5

21.8
28.4
146.7

112.5
0.5
8.4

2000

2005

2010

2011

1088.8
989.4
99.5
19.8
3.1
14.2
11.0
226.5
0.7
8.3
24.5
106.9
163.2
158.3
1.3
1.5
1.5
0.4
12.1
0.2
31.5
12.4
48.0
17.1
9.9
1.9
5.1
27.7
31.5
150.3
1.9

1229.3
1100.8
128.6
19.3
5.0
15.5
11.1
237.6
1.8
14.0
27.5
166.4
177.3
171.6
1.4
2.7
2.1
0.5
11.4
0.2
31.8
12.5
60.9
17.4
19.4
2.4
5.6
27.8
34.7
151.2
4.4

1176.8
1031.3
145.5
17.8
6.1
14.8
10.6
252.5
1.4
8.2
25.3
146.2
164.3
149.2
1.1
2.6
2.3
0.6
11.3
0.2
34.3
13.9
86.2
12.9
12.1
2.3
5.2
25.2
32.7
137.8
4.5

1168.2
1019.9
148.4
17.8
6.5
15.0
12.0
265.0
1.6
7.5
16.8
142.3
168.2
127.7
0.9
2.6
2.3
0.7
10.5
0.2
33.6
14.5
89.7
12.7
11.9
2.2
4.9
23.7
33.4
144.0
4.4

161.6
0.6
12.1
8.9

166.8
0.7
15.4
9.2

190.4
0.8
16.3
9.6

203.1
0.8
16.1
9.9

OF Total
haulage change
10/11
2011

67.4
78.3
34.4
53.6
30.7
27.3
74.6
81.8
26.4
73.9
81.6
68.8
90.6
89.4
98.1
21.8
10.8
7.4
30.5
80.0
45.8
50.7
43.2
34.8
45.0
13.2
16.8
88.3
90.4
94.1
49.0

0.7
1.1
2.0
0.0
6.5
1.5
13.7
5.0
12.5
9.1
33.4
2.6
2.4
14.5
13.4
3.3
1.2
13.2
7.0
0.0
2.1
4.0
4.2
1.6
2.0
4.9
5.6
5.7
2.0
4.6
3.8

84.1
73.1

6.7
0.2
1.3
3.8

Note: Only haulage of heavy goods vehicles (usually >3.5 tonnes load capacity).

38
Sour ces: Eur ost at , Int er nat ional Tr ansp ort Fo ru m,
nat ional st at ist ics (CH), est imat es (in ita lics )

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight Transport expressed in tonne-kilometres

2.2.4b

Road:
Title

International
subtitle
Haulage (*)
Haulage by Vehicles Registered
in the reporting Country
billion tkm
1995
EU- 27
EU- 15
EU- 12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH ( 1)

268.3
27.0

13.1
36.5
1.1
0.8
4.0
22.9
42.9
24.1

5.0

40.4
15.4
15.5

2.7
3.2
14.8

0.7

OF Total
haulage change
10/11
2011

2000

2005

2010

2011

429.9
339.5
90.4
31.3
3.3
23.1
13.0
54.2
3.2
3.9
4.5
41.8
40.8
26.4
0.0
3.3
6.2
7.2
7.0
0.1
48.0
22.7
27.0
21.9
4.4
3.4
9.3
4.3
4.2
15.3
1.0

564.7
381.6
183.1
24.6
9.3
27.9
12.2
72.5
4.0
3.9
5.0
66.8
28.0
40.2
0.0
5.7
13.8
8.3
13.8
0.1
52.3
24.5
50.9
25.2
32.1
8.7
16.9
4.0
3.9
10.1
4.9

578.8
302.1
276.7
17.2
13.3
37.1
4.4
60.6
4.2
2.7
4.6
63.9
17.9
26.5
0.0
8.0
17.1
8.1
22.4
0.1
42.0
14.7
124.7
22.5
13.8
13.6
22.4
4.4
3.5
8.9
4.2

565.9
283.3
282.6
15.4
14.7
39.8
4.1
58.8
4.4
2.6
3.8
64.5
17.4
15.2
0.0
9.5
19.2
8.2
24.0
0.1
39.8
14.1
117.9
23.8
14.5
14.3
24.3
3.1
3.5
9.0
4.6

32.6
21.7
65.6
46.4
69.3
72.7
25.4
18.2
73.6
26.1
18.4
31.2
9.4
10.6
1.9
78.2
89.2
92.6
69.5
20.0
54.2
49.3
56.8
65.2
55.0
86.8
83.2
11.7
9.6
5.9
51.0

2.2
6.2
2.1
10.9
10.4
7.5
7.9
3.0
3.0
2.9
16.9
1.0
2.4
42.8
14.3
18.1
12.2
0.8
7.2
0.0
5.3
4.6
5.4
5.7
5.1
4.5
8.5
28.5
0.2
0.4
7.5

3.0
0.9

2.9
1.0

3.4
3.7

3.1
3.7

15.9
26.9

10.3
0.9

Notes: (*) Including cross-trade and cabotage.

Only haulage of heavy goods vehicles (usually >3.5 tonnes load capacity).
(1) CH: in contrast to the data for other countries, until 2007 the Swiss data
do not include that part of international journeys by Swiss hauliers
that takes place outside Switzerland.
39
S o urc e s: Eurostat, Inte rnati onal Tr anspor t For um ,
n at i o n al stati sti c s ( C H ) , e stim at es (in it alics)

2.2.4c

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight Transport expressed in tonne-kilometres

Road:
Title

NationalandInternationalHaulage(*)
subtitle
Haulage by Vehicles Registered
in the reporting Country
billion tkm
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR (1)
IS
NO
CH (2)

1995

2000

2005

2010

2011

1288.7
1138.2
150.4
45.60
5.20
31.30
22.40
237.80
1.55
5.50
24.00
101.60
178.20
174.43
1.20
1.83
5.20
5.50
13.80
0.25
67.10
26.50
51.20
32.00
19.70
3.30
15.90
24.50
31.60
161.50

1518.7
1328.9
189.8
51.05
6.40
37.31
24.02
280.71
3.93
12.28
29.00
148.72
204.00
184.68
1.31
4.79
7.77
7.61
19.12
0.25
79.57
35.12
75.02
38.91
14.29
5.30
14.34
31.98
35.62
165.62
2.86
3.50
161.55
0.60
15.13
9.79

1794.0
1482.3
311.7
43.85
14.37
43.45
23.30
310.10
5.82
17.91
32.50
233.23
205.28
211.80
1.39
8.39
15.91
8.80
25.15
0.25
84.16
37.04
111.83
42.61
51.53
11.03
22.57
31.86
38.58
161.29
9.33
5.58
166.83
0.74
18.25
10.20

1755.6
1333.5
422.2
35.00
19.43
51.83
15.02
313.10
5.61
10.94
29.82
210.07
182.19
175.78
1.09
10.59
19.40
8.69
33.72
0.25
76.34
28.66
210.85
35.37
25.89
15.93
27.58
29.53
36.27
146.69
8.78
4.24
190.37
0.81
19.75
13.24

1734.1
1303.2
430.9
33.11
21.21
54.83
16.12
323.83
5.91
10.11
20.60
206.84
185.69
142.84
0.94
12.13
21.51
8.84
34.53
0.25
73.41
28.54
207.65
36.45
26.35
16.44
29.18
26.86
36.93
152.99
8.93
5.38
203.07
0.81
19.19
13.57

112.50
0.50
9.70
9.11

%
change
10/11

1.2
2.3
2.1
5.4
9.2
5.8
7.3
3.4
5.3
7.6
30.9
1.5
1.9
18.7
13.4
14.6
10.9
1.6
2.4
0.0
3.8
0.4
1.5
3.1
1.8
3.2
5.8
9.0
1.8
4.3
1.7
27.1
6.7
0.2
2.9
2.5

Notes: (*) Including cross-trade and cabotage.

Only haulage of heavy goods vehicles (usually >3.5 tonnes load capacity).
(1) TR and IS: national transport only.
(2) CH: in contrast to the data for other countries, until 2007 the Swiss data
do not include that part of international journeys by Swiss hauliers
that takes place outside Switzerland.
40
Sour ces: Eur ost at , Int er nat ional Tr ansp ort Fo ru m,
nat ional st at ist ics (CH and MK), est im at e s (in ita lics )

TRANSPORT
P erformance of F reight T ransport e x pressed in tonne- kilometres

2.2.5

Title
Railways
subtitle

billion tkm
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

1990

1995

2000

2005

2009

2010

2011

526.3
256.5
269.8
8.4
14.1

386.1
222.7
163.4
7.3
8.6
22.6
2.0
70.5
3.8
0.6
0.3
11.0
48.3
21.7
9.8
7.2
0.5
8.4
3.1
13.2
68.2
2.0
17.9
3.1
13.8
9.6
19.4
13.3
2.0

403.7
257.1
146.6
7.7
5.5
17.5
2.0
82.7
8.1
0.5
0.4
11.6
57.7
22.8
13.3
8.9
0.6
8.8
4.5
16.6
54.0
2.2
16.4
2.9
11.2
10.1
19.5
18.1
1.8
0.5
9.8
3.0
11.1

413.2
261.9
151.3
8.1
5.2
14.9
2.0
95.4
10.6
0.3
0.6
11.6
40.7
22.8
19.8
12.5
0.4
9.1
5.9
19.0
50.0
2.4
16.6
3.2
9.5
9.7
21.7
21.4
2.8
0.5
9.1
3.1
11.7

361.0
236.5
124.5
6.4
3.1
12.8
1.7
95.8
5.9
0.1
0.6
7.9
32.1
17.8
18.7
11.9
0.2
7.7
5.6
17.8
43.4
2.2
11.1
2.8
7.0
8.9
20.4
19.2
2.6
0.5
10.2
3.7
10.6

391.2
255.7
135.5
7.5
3.1
13.8
2.2
107.3
6.6
0.1
0.6
9.2
30.0
18.6
17.2
13.4
0.3
8.8
5.9
19.8
48.7
2.3
12.4
3.4
8.1
9.8
23.5
18.6
2.6
0.5
11.3
3.5
11.1

420.0
270.3
149.7
7.6
3.3
14.3
2.6
113.3
6.3
0.1
0.4
9.7
34.2
19.8
21.4
15.1
0.3
9.1
6.4
20.3
53.7
2.3
14.7
3.8
8.0
9.4
22.9
21.0
2.4
0.5
11.3
3.6
11.5

1.7
101.7
7.0
0.6
0.6
11.2
52.2
19.4
18.5
19.3
0.6
16.8
3.1
12.2
81.6
1.5
48.9
4.2
8.4
19.1
16.0

7.9
2.6
9.0

8.5
2.7
8.9

%
change
10/11

7.3
5.7
10.5
1.6
7.4
4.0
16.8
5.6
5.5
14.1
42.7
5.8
14.1
6.3
24.6
12.3
10.8
3.5
7.6
2.6
10.4
0.4
18.9
9.7
1.8
3.6
2.6
12.9
6.9
8.8
0.0
2.2
4.1

Note: CS: 1990: 59.4 (included in EU-27 and EU-12 totals).

41
S o urc e s: Eurostat, Inte rnati onal Tr anspor t For um ,
Un i o n Inte rnati onal e de s C hem ins de Fer, nat ional st at ist ics

2.2.6

TRANSPORT
P erformance of F reight T ransport e x pressed in tonne -kilometres

Inland Title
Waterways
subtitle

billion tkm

EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

1990

1995

2000

2005

2009

2010

2011

118.3
107.0
11.4
5.4
1.6

122.1
114.6
7.5
5.7
0.5
0.3
64.0
0.0
6.6
0.1
0.0
0.3
1.2
35.5
2.0
0.9
3.1
1.5
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.0

133.9
127.4
6.5
7.2
0.3
0.1
66.5
9.1
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.9
41.3
2.4
1.2
2.6
1.4
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1

138.7
126.2
12.4
8.6
0.8
0.1
64.1
8.9
0.1
0.0
0.3
2.1
42.2
1.8
0.3
8.4
0.7
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0

129.8
109.7
20.2
7.1
5.4
0.0
55.7
8.7
0.1
0.0
0.3
1.8
35.7
2.0
0.2
11.8
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.7
0.0

148.3
124.2
24.1
9.1
6.0
0.0
62.3
9.5
0.1
0.0
0.4
2.4
40.3
2.4
0.1
14.3
1.2
0.1
0.1
0.9
0.0

141.1
122.4
18.7
9.3
4.3
0.0
55.0
9.0
0.1
0.0
0.3
1.8
46.3
2.1
0.2
11.4
0.9
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.0

54.8
0.0
7.6
0.1
0.2
0.4
2.0
35.7
1.7
1.0
2.1
1.1
0.3
0.5
0.2

%
change
10/11

4.8
1.4
22.5
2.0
28.7
2.3
11.6

4.6
33.3

0.0
15.0
23.1
15.0
10.6
23.8
20.3
21.7
18.4
2.3
26.4

9.2

Notes: FI: only shipborne transport (i.e. no floating). CS: 1990: 4.42 (included in EU-27
and EU-12 totals). IT, LT, FI and UK: data include only national traffic.
BG and RO: data include transit traffic from 2009 (and partially from 2008).
HR: data include transit traffic from 2008 onward.
42
Sour ces: Eur ost at , Int er nat ional Tr ansp ort Fo ru m,
nat ional st at ist ics, est imat es (in ita lics )

TRANSPORT
P erformance of F reight T ransport e x pressed in tonne- kilometres

2.2.7

Title (Oil)
Pipelines
subtitle

billion tkm
1990
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

71.7
1.0
0.6
2.0
13.3
4.2
19.6
9.2
-

5.3
4.9
6.4
13.9
5.1
11.1
3.6
2.1
1.2

1995

2000

2005

2009

2010

2011

114.9
80.2
34.7
1.4
0.4
2.3
3.1
14.8
5.9
22.3
9.7
5.3
2.0
2.2
5.3
6.8
13.5
2.9
6.1
11.1

126.7
86.2
40.5
1.6
0.4
1.6
4.7
15.0
7.5
21.7
10.3
6.5
3.5
2.3
5.9
7.6
20.4
0.5
1.4
4.6
11.4
0.4
53.1
3.5
0.2

136.4
90.5
46.0
1.5
0.4
2.3
5.1
16.7
0.2
9.2
21.2
11.4
3.4
4.4
2.7
5.9
7.8
25.4
0.5
2.2
5.3
10.8
1.5
0.1
5.7
4.6
0.2

119.3
83.0
36.3
1.5
0.4
2.2
3.9
16.0
0.2
8.2
18.4
10.5
1.6
0.4
3.0
5.6
7.3
22.9
0.4
1.2
5.4
10.2
1.4
0.1
45.1
3.9
0.2

120.6
82.2
38.3
1.5
0.4
2.2
3.5
16.3
0.2
8.2
17.7
11.1
2.4
0.6
3.2
5.6
7.0
24.2
0.4
1.0
5.0
10.2
1.3
0.1
39.6
3.4
0.2

118.6
81.2
37.4
1.5
0.5
2.0
3.3
15.6
0.2
8.6
18.1
10.0
2.4
0.6
3.1
5.5
7.2
23.5
0.4
1.1
5.0
10.1
1.1
0.1
44.7
3.1
0.2

3.2
5.3
1.2

%
change
10/11

1.7
1.3
2.5
1.0
16.0
10.8
6.1
3.9

5.2
5.1
2.3
10.7
3.8
2.2
2.9
2.6
3.3
2.9
5.0
12.4
1.5

0.6
13.3
20.3
12.7
10.9
6.9

Notes: Data are not harmonised and therefore not fully comparable;
in most countries, only pipelines longer than 40km are included.
CS: 1990: 7.5. DE: from 1995 onwards: only crude oil
(i.e. no refined petroleum products).
43
S o urc e s: Nati onal stati sti c s , Int er nat ional Tr anspor t For um,
E uro s t at, e sti mate s ( i n i talic s )

2.2.8

TRANSPORT
P erformance of F reight T ransport e x pressed in tonne -kilometres

Title
USA

subtitle
Performance by Mode of Transport: Freight
billion tkm
1990
1995
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009

Road
1239.0
1509.4
1663.8
1717.2
1741.2
1771.0
1818.2
1846.2
1870.8
1885.3
1885.2
2049.1
2086.7
1929.2

Rail
1554.0
1922.8
2114.6
2195.3
2257.6
2335.0
2344.0
2341.2
2459.2
2530.6
2709.6
2656.6
2525.4
2309.8

Inland
waterWAYS PIPELINES
515.8
852.8
534.4
877.6
520.6
904.9
528.2
901.8
526.2
842.8
504.7
841.1
506.7
855.8
475.8
861.7
496.1
875.4
476.4
886.9
486.0
848.7
472.3
814.2
454.3
884.3
406.6
829.8

total
4161.6
4844.2
5203.8
5342.5
5367.9
5451.8
5524.7
5524.9
5701.5
5779.2
5929.4
5992.3
5950.7
5475.5

Average annual change

% per year
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
19901995
19952000
20002009

Road
1.5
1.3
0.8
0.0
8.7
1.8
7.5
4.0
2.9
1.1

Rail
0.1
5.0
2.9
7.1
2.0
4.9
8.5
4.4
3.3
0.3

Inland
waterWAYS PIPELINES
6.1
0.7
4.3
1.6
4.0
1.3
2.0
4.3
2.8
4.1
3.8
8.6
10.5
6.2
0.7
0.6
0.3
0.8
2.8
0.2

Rail
37.3
39.7
40.6
41.1
42.1
42.8
42.4
42.4
43.1
43.8
45.7
44.3
42.4
42.2

Inland
waterWAYS PIPELINES
12.4
20.5
11.0
18.1
10.0
17.4
9.9
16.9
9.8
15.7
9.3
15.4
9.2
15.5
8.6
15.6
8.7
15.4
8.2
15.3
8.2
14.3
7.9
13.6
7.6
14.9
7.4
15.2

total
0.0
3.2
1.4
2.6
1.1
0.7
8.0
3.1
2.1
0.2

Modal split
%
1990
1995
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009

Road
29.8
31.2
32.0
32.1
32.4
32.5
32.9
33.4
32.8
32.6
31.8
34.2
35.1
35.2

44
Sour ce: US Depar t m ent of Tr ansp ort a t io n

TRANSPORT
Performance
T R A N S P O R T of Passenger Transport expressed in passenger-kilometres

2.0.0
2 . 3
2.3.1

EU-27 Performance by Mode forPassenger

Transport 19952010
billion passenger-kilometres

4500
Passenger cars

4000

3500

3000

AIR

500
Bus & coach

400

Railway
300

200
Powered 2-wheelers
100
Tram & metro
0

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

Sea

45
S o urc e : Tabl e s 2 .3.4, 2.3.5, 2 . 3 . 6 , 2.3.7, est imat es

2.3.2

TRANSPORT
Performance of Passenger Transport expressed in passenger-kilometres

Title
EU-27 Performance
by Mode
subtitle

Passenger Transport
billion pkm
Passenger cars

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
'95/'11
/year
'00/'11
/year
'10/'11

3930
3996
4080
4185
4300
4372
4477
4571
4613
4683
4630
4693
4762
4789
4866
4832
4822
22.7%
1.3%
10.3%
0.9%
0.2%

P2w

Bus &
Tram &
coach Railway metro

AIR

Sea

351
349
351
351
359
371
373
366
362
368
377
391
396
411
403
404
407
16.2%
0.9%
9.8%
0.9%
0.7%

346
366
390
409
425
457
453
445
463
493
527
549
572
561
522
522
575
66.2%
3.2%
25.8%
2.1%
10.1%

44
44
44
43
43
42
42
42
41
41
40
40
41
41
40
38
37
17.7%
1.2%
12.3%
1.2%
4.0%

122
499
123
504
126
504
129
512
132
514
109
517
113
519
114
518
117
519
120
522
123
523
123
519
119
533
123
535
122
515
120
509
123
512
1.1%
2.5%
0.1%
0.2%
12.8% 1.0%
1.1% 0.1%
2.9%
0.5%

71
72
73
74
76
78
79
80
80
83
83
85
87
90
90
92
93
30.8%
1.7%
19.2%
1.6%
1.3%

total
5363
5454
5567
5702
5849
5946
6055
6134
6196
6309
6304
6400
6510
6551
6558
6518
6569
22.5%
1.3%
10.5%
0.9%
0.8%

Modal split
%
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

Passenger cars

P2w

73.3
73.3
73.3
73.4
73.5
73.5
73.9
74.5
74.5
74.2
73.4
73.3
73.1
73.1
74.2
74.1
73.4

2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.9

Bus &
Tram &
coach Railway metro

9.3
9.2
9.1
9.0
8.8
8.7
8.6
8.4
8.4
8.3
8.3
8.1
8.2
8.2
7.9
7.8
7.8

6.5
6.4
6.3
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.2
6.0
5.8
5.8
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.3
6.1
6.2
6.2

1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4

AIR

Sea

6.5
6.7
7.0
7.2
7.3
7.7
7.5
7.3
7.5
7.8
8.4
8.6
8.8
8.6
8.0
8.0
8.8

0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

Notes: Air and Sea: only domestic and intra-EU-27 transport; provisional estimates.
P2W: Powered two-wheelers.
46
Sourc e : Tables 2.3.4, 2.3.5, 2.3.6, 2.3.7, est im at e s (in ita lics )

TRANSPORT
Performance of Passenger Transport expressed in passenger-kilometres

2.3.3

Modal Split of Passenger

Title
Transport
onLand bysubtitle
Country 2011
pkm as %
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

Passenger
cars
82.7
83.0
80.5
78.9
77.7
67.7
79.3
84.7
81.3
84.0
80.5
79.7
84.0
81.2
81.7
79.9
90.5
83.1
66.1
82.4
82.7
75.3
87.9
83.9
75.8
86.4
76.6
84.6
82.9
85.4
83.1
75.5

Bus &
Coaches
8.8
8.4
11.2
13.1
17.5
16.4
10.3
5.8
16.2
12.8
17.3
13.3
5.3
12.6
18.3
14.0
8.3
12.5
20.8
17.6
7.0
9.6
5.8
10.7
11.9
11.0
15.6
9.7
6.6
5.9
10.3
22.5

Railways
7.0
7.2
5.4
7.2
3.3
6.9
10.0
8.0
1.9
3.0
0.8
5.4
9.2
5.3
5.2
1.2
4.4
9.9
9.3
11.0
5.1
4.2
5.1
2.6
6.9
5.0
8.6
7.4
4.9
2.0

Tram &
Metro
1.6
1.4
2.9
0.8
1.4
9.0
0.4
1.6
0.5
0.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
0.9
0.9
3.2
0.9
4.1
1.2
1.2
7.1
0.9
0.7
1.8
1.4
1.7
-

88.6
87.7
76.4

11.4
7.0
5.1

4.4
17.5

0.9
1.0

Notes: If powered two-wheelers are included, they account for 2.07 % of the total in EU-27
(2.07 % in EU-15, 2.06 % in EU-12), while the share of the other modes becomes:

EU-27
EU-15
EU-12

80.9
81.3
78.8

8.6
8.2
11.0

6.8
7.1
5.3

1.6
1.3
2.8
47

S o urc e : Tabl e s 2 .3.4, 2.3.5, 2 . 3 . 6 , 2.3.7

2.3.4

TRANSPORT
Performance of Passenger Transport expressed in passenger-kilometres

Title Cars
Passenger
subtitle

billion pkm
1990
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

3160.4
90.2

47.2
683.1
28.5
35.0
174.4
617.3
522.6

4.0
47.0
137.3
55.7
40.0
13.3
51.2
85.9
588.0

34.3
43.5
73.3

1995

2000

2005

2009

2010

2011

3929.8 4371.6 4630.4 4866.4 4832.4 4822.1

3586.1 3939.7 4107.0 4213.3 4180.4 4156.0
343.7 431.9 523.4 653.2 652.1 666.2
98.2 105.5 108.9 111.5 112.6 114.2
25.0
26.9
35.1
46.3
46.9
48.1
54.5
63.9
68.6
72.3
63.6
65.5
48.4
50.6
50.0
51.4
51.0
52.5
815.3 831.3 856.9 881.1 887.0 898.5
5.1
6.7
9.9
10.5
10.1
10.4
31.6
38.4
43.4
48.3
46.0
45.9
44.0
63.0
85.0 101.3
99.6
98.3
250.4 302.6 337.8 350.4 341.6 334.0
677.3 754.4 800.8 802.9 810.8 812.7
614.7 713.9 677.0 719.9 698.4 665.8
3.4
3.9
4.8
6.0
5.9
5.9
7.5
11.5
12.1
12.7
12.3
11.3
29.9
16.0
26.0
34.8
36.1
32.6
4.7
5.6
6.3
6.7
6.5
6.6
45.4
46.2
49.4
54.4
52.6
52.3
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.2
131.4 141.1 148.8 146.3 141.2 140.1
62.2
66.7
70.6
72.7
73.5
74.5
110.7 149.7 197.3 285.0 297.9 313.2
52.5
71.0
85.0
86.0
83.7
83.2
40.0
51.0
61.0
75.5
75.5
75.0
16.3
20.3
22.5
25.8
25.6
25.5
18.0
23.9
25.8
26.4
26.9
26.9
50.0
55.7
61.9
64.3
64.7
65.5
87.6 101.4 107.4 108.3 108.0 109.2
617.9 638.6 667.2 662.1 655.7 655.1
12.5
20.0
24.0
26.8
25.7
25.2
4.5
5.2
5.5
5.5
3.7
4.2
52.7
79.0 100.0 123.1 125.2 133.2
3.0
3.8
4.6
5.0
5.0
4.8
44.7
51.2
54.0
58.3
58.8
59.9
69.6
75.0
77.8
82.5
83.8
84.9

%
change
10/11

0.2
0.6
2.2
1.4
2.5
3.0
2.8
1.3
2.8
0.3
1.3
2.2
0.2
4.7
0.5
7.8
8.2
1.4
0.7
1.4
0.8
1.3
5.1
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.0
1.2
1.2
0.1
1.8
0.1
6.4
3.7
1.9
1.3

Notes: Data are not harmonised and therefore not fully comparable.
Many data for 2011 are provisional.
BE: includes pkm by vehicles registered as light goods vehicles but used as personal cars.
UK: data refer to Great Britain only; includes pkm by vans.
48
Sources : Nat ional st at ist ics, Int er nat ional Tr ansp ort Fo ru m,
Eur ost at , est im at e s (in ita lics )

TRANSPORT
Performance of Passenger Transport expressed in passenger-kilometres

2.3.5

Buses Title
& Coaches
subtitle

billion pkm
1990
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

368.1
11.4
26.0
6.4
73.1
4.5
3.9
17.7
33.4
40.7
84.0
5.9
7.9
0.5
19.3
13.0
8.0
46.3
10.3
24.0
6.5
8.5
9.7
47.7
7.0

3.9
3.3

1995

2000

2005

2009

2010

2011

change
10/11

499.5
378.3
121.2
13.1
11.6
18.6
7.3
68.5
2.0
5.2
20.2
39.6
41.2
87.1
1.0
1.8
4.2
0.5
16.6
0.4
12.0
8.7
34.0
11.3
12.3
4.1
14.4
8.0
9.7
45.8
4.1
0.9
85.7
0.4
3.8
5.5

517.1
401.8
115.4
13.3
14.6
16.2
7.4
69.0
2.6
6.1
21.7
50.3
42.0
93.4
1.1
2.3
2.8
0.6
18.7
0.5
11.3
9.2
31.7
11.8
12.0
3.5
9.3
7.7
9.5
48.5
3.3
0.9
87.4
0.5
4.1
4.8

523.4
412.5
110.9
17.5
13.7
15.6
7.2
67.1
2.7
6.7
21.7
53.2
42.5
101.0
1.3
2.9
3.7
0.8
17.8
0.5
11.8
9.3
29.3
11.1
11.8
3.1
8.5
7.5
8.8
46.5
3.4
1.1
95.0
0.6
4.3
5.3

515.1
417.9
97.1
18.7
10.5
16.1
6.8
62.1
2.1
7.1
20.9
57.0
48.8
101.7
1.3
1.9
2.8
0.9
16.3
0.5
12.1
8.8
24.4
10.4
12.8
3.2
5.4
7.5
8.5
46.5
3.4
1.2
105.8
0.6
4.4
5.4

509.4
414.4
95.0
18.9
10.6
17.4
6.9
61.8
2.1
6.9
21.1
50.9
49.9
102.2
1.3
2.0
2.7
0.9
16.5
0.5
12.1
9.6
21.6
10.6
12.0
3.2
5.3
7.5
8.6
46.5
3.2
1.4
107.6
0.6
4.5
5.5

512.2
419.3
92.9
19.0
10.8
15.8
6.8
61.1
2.1
7.0
21.2
55.7
51.1
103.2
1.3
2.0
2.7
1.0
16.5
0.5
11.9
9.5
20.7
10.6
11.8
3.2
5.5
7.5
8.7
44.9
3.1
1.6
111.2
0.6
4.7
5.6

0.5
1.2
2.3
0.2
2.2
9.2
1.2
1.1
0.5
1.4
0.3
9.5
2.4
1.0
2.7
0.3
2.0
5.1
0.0
4.9
1.6
0.6
4.4
0.3
1.5
1.9
3.9
0.0
2.0
3.4
3.2
13.8
3.3
3.6
5.4
1.8

Notes: Data are not harmonised and therefore not fully comparable.
Many data for 2011 are provisional.
CS: 1990 = 43.4 (included in EU-27 and EU-12 totals).
UK: GB data + 1.5 bn pkm throughout to account for Northern Ireland.
49
S o urc e s: Nati onal stati sti c s , Int er nat ional Tr anspor t For um, Eur ost at ,
s t udy for D G Ene rgy and Tr ans por t , est im at es (in it alics)

2.3.6

TRANSPORT
Performance of Passenger Transport expressed in passenger-kilometres

TramTitle
& Metro
subtitle

billion pkm
1990
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

49.3
0.7
0.6
15.1
0.8
4.4
10.5
4.2
0.7
1.3
2.8
0.7
0.4
2.0
6.5
0.4

%
change
10/11

1995

2000

2005

2009

2010

2011

71.4
49.0
22.3
0.8
0.3
7.7
14.4
0.1
0.7
4.3
9.3
5.2
0.3
2.5
1.4
3.3
5.0
0.5
6.0
0.4
0.4
1.9
6.8
0.5
-

77.9
55.4
22.5
0.9
0.4
8.1
14.6
0.1
1.2
5.2
11.6
5.6
0.3
2.6
1.4
3.6
4.7
0.5
6.0
0.4
0.5
2.0
8.3
0.5
-

83.3
60.9
22.5
0.9
0.4
7.9
0.2
15.5
0.1
0.1
1.5
6.0
13.3
6.0
0.3
2.4
1.5
3.8
4.4
0.8
6.6
0.4
0.5
2.0
8.7
0.5
-

90.3
66.2
24.1
1.0
0.7
9.0
0.2
16.5
0.1
0.1
1.7
6.3
14.4
6.9
0.2
2.5
1.6
4.0
4.3
1.1
7.0
0.3
0.5
2.2
9.7
0.6
-

91.7
67.3
24.4
1.1
0.9
9.0
0.2
16.3
0.1
0.1
1.7
6.3
14.7
7.1
0.1
2.5
1.6
4.1
4.3
1.1
7.1
0.3
0.5
2.3
10.2
0.5
-

92.9
68.8
24.1
1.1
0.9
8.7
0.3
16.6
0.1
0.1
1.7
6.3
15.0
7.1
0.1
2.5
1.6
4.1
4.4
1.1
7.1
0.3
0.5
2.3
10.9
0.5
-

1.3
2.2
1.2
5.9
4.1
3.1
16.3
1.5
9.8
5.3
1.1
1.5
2.2
0.0
1.5
0.6

0.4
1.5

0.5
1.4

0.5
0.8

0.6
0.9

0.6
1.0

0.6
1.1

1.8
9.4

1.1
0.0
1.5
1.3
1.1
8.2
2.8
2.6
6.9
5.4
-

Notes: Data are not harmonised and therefore not fully comparable across countries.
FR: data refer to the Paris Metro and RER (Rseau Express Rgional) systems
and to metros in other French cities.
PT: data only refer to Lisbon and Porto Metro.
50
Sourc e s: Nati onal s t at ist ics, Int er nat ional Union of Publ ic Tra ns p o rt ,
study for DG Ener gy and Tr anspor t , est imat es (in ita lics )

TRANSPORT
Performance of Passenger Transport expressed in passenger-kilometres

2.3.7

Title
Railways
subtitle

billion pkm

EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

1990

1995

2000

2005

2009

2010

2011

change
10/11

400.7
268.9
131.8
6.5
7.8
13.3
5.1
61.0
1.5
1.2
2.0
15.5
63.7
44.7
5.4
3.6
0.2
11.4
11.1
8.9
50.4
5.7
30.6
1.4
6.4
3.3
6.6
33.4
3.4

350.5
276.1
74.4
6.8
4.7
8.0
4.9
71.0
0.4
1.3
1.6
16.6
55.6
46.7
1.4
1.1
0.3
8.4
16.4
10.1
26.6
4.8
18.9
0.6
4.2
3.2
6.8
30.3
1.1
0.1
5.8
2.4
11.7

370.7
309.4
61.4
7.7
3.5
7.3
5.5
75.4
0.3
1.4
1.9
20.1
69.9
49.6
0.7
0.6
0.3
9.7
14.7
8.7
24.1
4.0
11.6
0.7
2.9
3.4
8.2
38.4
1.3
0.1
5.8
2.6
12.6

377.1
327.6
49.6
9.2
2.4
6.7
6.0
74.9
0.2
1.8
1.9
21.6
76.2
50.5
0.9
0.4
0.3
9.9
15.2
9.5
18.2
3.8
8.0
0.8
2.2
3.5
8.9
44.4
1.3
0.1
5.0
2.7
16.1

402.5
356.6
46.0
10.4
2.1
6.5
6.2
81.2
0.2
1.7
1.4
23.1
85.9
48.1
0.8
0.4
0.3
8.1
15.4
10.7
18.6
4.2
6.1
0.8
2.3
3.9
11.3
52.8
1.8
0.2
5.4
3.0
18.6

404.2
360.0
44.2
10.4
2.1
6.6
6.3
83.0
0.2
1.7
1.3
22.4
85.9
47.3
0.7
0.4
0.3
7.7
15.4
10.7
17.9
4.1
5.4
0.8
2.3
4.0
11.2
55.8
1.7
0.2
5.5
3.1
19.2

407.1
362.7
44.4
10.4
2.1
6.7
6.6
85.0
0.2
1.6
1.0
22.8
89.0
43.3
0.7
0.4
0.3
7.8
15.7
10.9
18.2
4.1
5.1
0.8
2.4
3.9
11.4
56.6
1.5
0.1
5.9
3.0
19.5

0.7
0.8
0.4
0.1
1.5
1.9
4.1
2.3
1.8
2.4
28.3
1.8
3.6
8.3
1.1
4.3
0.6
1.5
2.3
1.3
1.4
0.8
6.7
4.9
5.3
1.9
1.4
1.4
14.7
6.5
7.1
1.7
1.5

6.4
2.1
12.7

51
S o urc e s: Eurostat, Inte rnati onal Tr anspor t For um , Union Int er nat ionale
de s C he mi ns de F e r, nati onal s t at ist ics, est im at es (in italics)

2.3.8

TRANSPORT
Performance of Passenger Transport expressed in passenger-kilometres

Title
Rail

subtitle

CZ

DE

ES

FR

IT

NL

PT

SI

%
change

BE
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

billion pkm
EU-27

High-Speed Rail Transport (1)

FI

SE

UK

- 14.92

0.30

0.01

15.23

2.00

- 17.87

0.40

0.09

20.36 33.7

5.20

0.40 18.96

0.40

0.15

25.11 23.3

7.00

0.90 18.93

0.50

0.27

27.60

8.20

0.90 20.51

0.80

0.31

30.72 11.3

9.9

8.70

1.29 21.43

1.10

0.42

32.94

0.32

8.85

1.10 24.79

1.30

0.03

0.02

1.10

37.52 13.9

7.2

0.56

- 10.07

1.30 27.58

2.40

0.07

0.05

1.33

43.36 15.6

0.79

- 10.16

1.52 29.98

3.64

0.09

0.06

1.61

47.83 10.3

0.80

- 11.59

1.67 32.36

4.46

0.10

0.05

1.81

52.86 10.5

0.87

- 13.93

1.94 34.75

5.09

0.11

0.07

2.05

58.80 11.2

0.89

- 15.52

2.08 37.40

6.76

0.19

0.06

2.23

65.13 10.8

0.91

- 15.26

2.18 39.86

7.08

0.20

0.14

2.39

68.01

4.4

0.88

- 17.46

2.03 39.60

7.43

0.66

0.20

2.40

70.66

3.9

0.94

0.00 19.60

2.09 41.44

7.93

0.66

0.44

0.16

2.42

0.44

76.11

7.7

0.98

0.01 20.85

2.32 43.13

8.55

0.69

0.49

0.31

2.33

0.45

80.11

5.3

1.00

0.15 21.64

2.70 44.85

8.91

0.73

0.51

0.44

2.49

0.90

84.32

5.2

1.02

0.33 21.92

2.59 47.97

8.82

0.80

0.51

0.58

2.78

1.39

88.70

5.2

1.08

0.25 23.33

5.48 52.56

8.88

0.87

0.53

0.01

0.62

2.99

0.99

97.60 10.0

1.06

0.24 22.56 11.51 51.86 10.75

0.92

0.53

0.02

0.60

3.05

1.01 104.10

6.7

1.06

0.27 23.90 11.72 51.89 11.61

0.29

0.52

0.02

0.65

2.94

1.01 105.87

1.7

0.91

0.29 23.31 11.23 52.04 12.28

0.31

0.47

0.01

0.71

2.83

5.98 110.35

4.2

Share of high-speed rail transport

in total passenger-kilometres in rail transport
%
BE
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

CZ

DE

ES

FR

IT

NL

PT

SI

FI

SE

UK

EU-27

11.2

18.5

9.6

49.7

10.3

0.8

2.1

24.8

15.9

11.1

20.5

10.0

52.3

13.5

1.3

1.8

25.5

17.5

11.0

21.5

10.3

54.2

14.4

1.4

4.1

26.9

18.6

10.6

24.5

9.6

55.2

15.3

4.8

6.0

27.2

19.5

10.8

0.0

27.0

10.2

55.8

16.1

4.5

11.8

4.8

28.0

1.0

20.7

10.7

0.1

27.8

10.7

56.6

16.9

4.5

12.9

8.9

26.1

1.0

21.2

10.4

2.1

27.8

12.2

56.4

17.5

4.6

13.1

12.4

25.9

1.9

21.6

10.2

4.8

27.7

11.9

58.8

17.7

4.9

12.7

15.4

27.0

2.8

22.4

10.4

3.7

28.8

22.9

60.7

17.9

5.3

12.5

1.7

15.4

27.0

1.9

23.8

10.2

3.6

27.4

49.7

60.3

22.3

5.6

12.7

1.9

15.6

27.0

1.9

25.7

10.2

4.1

28.8

52.3

60.4

24.5

1.9

12.6

1.9

16.4

26.2

1.8

26.2

8.7

4.2

27.4

49.3

58.5

28.3

1.9

11.2

1.7

18.3

24.8

10.6

27.1

Notes: (1) In this table, high-speed rail transport covers all traffic with high-speed rolling
stock (incl. tilting trains able to run 200 km/h). This does not necessarily require
high-speed infrastructure as defined in table 2.5.4.
52
Sour c es: (*) Union Int er nat ionale des Che mins d e Fer,
nat ional st at ist ics, est im at es (in it alics); (** ) t a ble 2. 3. 7

TRANSPORT
Performance of Passenger Transport expressed in passenger-kilometres

2.3.9

Title
USA

subtitle
Performance by Mode of Transport: Passengers
billion pkm
Passenger Motorcars (*)
cycles

1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010

5280.5
5702.0
5850.6
6021.7
6186.9
6320.7
6372.2
6481.2
6626.4
6689.0
6884.5
6952.4
6972.4
6987.7
6837.8
5834.8
5866.7

20.0
17.3
17.6
17.8
18.2
18.7
24.9
22.7
22.8
23.3
30.6
28.2
39.2
43.7
42.5
36.1
32.0

Railway

Bus

Light and
Commuter
rail

28.2
25.9
26.7
27.7
28.3
29.3
31.1
31.8
30.8
31.0
32.0
31.9
32.4
35.3
37.1
36.6
36.7

195.7
219.3
224.2
233.8
239.4
261.7
505.2
442.9
455.0
456.6
461.4
448.8
479.0
495.3
505.8
490.9
470.4

12.3
14.7
15.0
14.6
15.8
16.0
17.3
17.7
17.6
17.8
18.2
18.0
19.7
21.0
21.1
21.4
20.8

Bus

Light and
Commuter
rail

AIR

2.2
1.1
9.4
6.9
0.4
1.6
2.8
3.5
1.8
2.1

6.2
4.6
0.8
3.2
4.0
5.4
2.4
3.2
3.9
1.0

AIR

total

556.6
650.0
699.5
725.3
744.7
785.3
834.6
783.0
778.2
813.6
898.3
939.5
947.0
977.8
938.7
887.9
908.9

6093.3
6629.2
6833.5
7040.9
7233.3
7431.8
7785.2
7779.3
7930.9
8031.2
8324.9
8418.6
8489.7
8560.8
8382.9
7307.7
7335.6

Average annual change

% per year
Passenger Motorcars (*)
cycles

2001
1.7
2005
1.0
2006
0.3
2007
0.2
2008 2.1
2009 14.7
2010
0.5
'90/'95
1.5
'95/'99
2.1
'00/'10 0.9

8.7
8.0
39.1
11.7
2.7
15.1
11.3
2.8
1.6
2.8

Railway

2.0
0.3
1.7
8.9
5.0
1.3
0.5
1.7
2.5
1.9

12.3
2.7
6.7
3.4
2.1
2.9
4.2
2.3
3.6
0.8

total

0.1
1.1
0.8
0.8
2.1
12.8
0.4
1.7
2.3
0.7

Modal split
%
Passenger Motorcars (*)
cycles

1990
1995
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010

86.7
86.0
81.8
83.3
83.6
83.3
82.7
82.6
82.1
81.6
81.6
79.8
80.0

0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4

Railway

Bus

Light and
Commuter
rail

0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5

3.2
3.3
6.5
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.5
5.3
5.6
5.8
6.0
6.7
6.4

0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3

AIR

9.1
9.8
10.7
10.1
9.8
10.1
10.8
11.2
11.2
11.4
11.2
12.2
12.4

Note: (*) This includes: light duty vehicles, short wheel base and long wheel base.
53
S o urc e : U S De partme nt of Tr ans por t at ion

T ransport
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

2 . 4

Reporter

Title
Air: PassengerTrafficBetweenMemberStates
subtitle
Total passengers carried (*)
Partner
BE

BG

CZ

DK

IE

EL

47.4

165.2

282.6

459.8 1510.4

29.7

343.0

844.8 4221.6 1543.1 2905.0

BG

156.7 204.9

256.7

102.7 1223.5

9.5

40.8

98.6

CZ

283.3

257.1 122.0

236.7 1161.3

59.3

86.5

600.3

DK

460.1

237.3 2365.9 2344.4

133.2

199.5

BE

DE

98.6

DE

1502.2 1222.3 1135.2 2331.8 24418.4

EE

133.4

56.1

947.5

72.8

159.3

238.6 1361.5 4543.2 21975.1 7110.1 11170.2

384.0

586.0

59.2

133.2

86.3

200.4 1371.4

48.1 113.9

594.8

668.0 4505.3

17.9

97.8

ES
FR

1514.5

9.1

927.0

9.7

276.3

152.7

826.5 1016.8

44.3

839.4

LV

73.7

666.0 2195.6 1311.1

29.7

4249.5

CY
73.9

342.3

EL

IT
346.1

IE

29.0

47.9

18.4

276.1

FR
228.9

EE

241.0

ES

15.5

51.3

2.1

173.4

56.6 2863.2 1513.8

903.4

12.9

122.5

56.2 5658.1

60.6

623.2 1801.3 2307.6 1129.9

46.9

625.4 37966.5 9166.3 11783.5

41.1

134.7

227.0 1040.8 1301.9 8210.3

15.5 1505.1 1826.3 9963.7 27718.7 9241.0

92.9

122.3

50.9

900.6 2334.2 11773.0 9218.2 32009.6

82.5

316.7

0.1

0.0

832.1 2198.3 22292.4

IT

2891.3

359.9

923.7

CY

74.3

74.1

130.0

LV

152.4

9.1

56.0

LT

81.3

12.5

66.5

LU

0.4

22.2

12.7

57.9

HU

298.2

132.9

147.3

MT

84.4

12.4

8.1

NL

188.3

AT

402.9

PL

418.2

947.4 11069.3
72.7

60.9 2867.6

376.8

2.1

160.0

588.9

184.3

122.5

177.7

285.5

34.4

177.3

288.3

0.0

11.8

56.9

175.2 1493.2

12.9 1112.8

39.9

90.0

65.9

47.2

134.8

123.4

316.9

0.0

0.4

64.3

88.0

51.9

129.7

1.7

235.7

251.8

103.5

111.8

8.0

0.1

0.1

173.4

273.5

294.9

505.5

604.9

79.2

11.7

520.9

0.6

54.5

16.5

174.9

198.5

616.7

32.1

0.0

187.6

544.1 1158.7 3322.3

56.1

742.9 1269.2 5624.4 2619.4 3245.3

103.0

96.5

400.4

151.9

418.6 6429.5

2.8

124.0

658.1 1395.5 1051.9 1202.0

147.6

59.9

223.6

217.3

364.3 2861.0

21.6

940.0

678.1 1129.1

68.2

83.8

1.9

0.8

158.9

1.7

60.8

871.2 1114.7

PT

753.9

4.3

68.7

223.8 2664.2

4.8

598.4

RO

233.7

38.2

111.5

21.3 1256.7

0.1

72.0

SI

56.4

7.7

37.4

18.1

199.2

0.5

1.9

67.0

15.0

144.1

1.9

5.1

0.4

SK

70.2

66.2

104.5

0.1

2.2

0.4

87.3

101.0

201.9

72.5

185.9

10.0

0.1

FI

257.3

59.9

138.9

772.4 1682.9

195.6

20.3

417.4 1119.0

562.5

512.8

67.7

444.4

47.2

175.9 1588.8 2710.0

160.5

123.6

757.9 2364.9 1079.2

894.0

203.0

226.2

244.1 9670.6 4778.4 31467.8 10840.6 10254.7 2658.9

584.2

SE

454.5

UK

1233.3

HR

95.9

878.1 1294.8 2565.5 11626.3

2.8

41.4

81.2 1230.9

0.0

66.8

31.7 3276.8 3209.1 1290.4

231.7 1144.3

14.3

158.3

659.4 2154.0

436.8

159.5

0.1

0.2

Note: (*) Passengers carried are fewer than passengers on board, due to transit passengers
staying on board the aircraft not being counted.
54
Sour ce: Eur ost at , est imat es (in ita lics )

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

2.4.1

Title
Air: PassengerTrafficBetweenMemberStates
subtitle
2011
including domestic flights (thousand)

LT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

FI

SE

82.8

0.3

298.7

84.5

191.6

405.5

417.3

745.4

241.8

57.1

71.2

259.4

457.6 1221.2

12.5

18.8

136.3

13.8

185.3

401.3

224.2

2.9

32.2

7.6

83.6

60.1

66.9

12.1

151.5

8.2

541.9

153.8

219.8

62.1

112.5

37.5

117.0

139.8

177.9

56.9

176.1

58.7 1158.1

420.8

362.4

223.4

21.3

17.7

0.2

520.6 3301.5 6418.6 2843.6 2641.5 1292.2

198.3

285.5

LU

HU

286.4 1495.8

MT

SK

47.0

UK
831.8

175.4 1298.6

774.8 1638.5 2562.7

1.4 1680.2 2720.0 11588.9

34.8

0.1

0.1

0.6

56.1

2.9

21.7

4.6

0.1

0.4

0.1

191.9

183.5

11.9

173.0

55.1

746.5

124.0

949.1

598.2

74.9

1.9

89.1

20.3

123.8 9653.8

64.2

50.4

269.9

13.3 1257.4

656.2

700.0

30.7

235.0

66.2

101.8

422.8

776.2 4749.7

89.3

247.0

299.4

175.6 5617.2 1415.2 1147.5 3228.1 1218.6

15.0

198.9 1140.2 2442.7 31636.8

51.8

100.7

527.5

205.9 2596.2 1098.9

690.0

142.6

72.2

130.2

107.3

602.7

629.5 3245.0 1209.3 1112.6 1285.4 2309.5

2.6

184.5

516.0

871.4 10251.8

0.0

6.1

78.6

32.4

94.8

146.7

66.6

1.7

165.3

2.7

9.8

69.5

212.5 2667.5

236.9

0.0

11.7

0.0

94.4

60.1

83.5

0.8

1.6

0.4

0.2

467.3

226.5

585.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.2

54.0

43.8

60.8

0.9

0.0

1.2

0.0

112.0

75.3

557.3

0.0

0.5

0.0

3.2

107.6

57.7

0.3

159.3

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.4

253.9

0.0

0.1

0.3

16.4

546.9

78.5

135.4

70.2

224.9

0.2

1.1

203.8

356.8 1043.4

1.2

2.8

16.4

0.0

93.1

67.9

25.8

0.1

6.7

5.6

2.5

8.2

69.7 1086.1

54.1

105.8

547.2

96.0

0.8

687.8

499.0 1191.5

333.4

25.3

9.2

488.5

996.2 7671.1

43.9

56.6

78.0

68.4

684.3 663.7

287.4

81.4

519.0

59.8

42.8

225.6

419.1 1695.0

60.9

0.4

134.0

26.0

499.5

288.5 1118.7

123.6

66.1

5.6

4.0

228.6

578.0 4288.6

1.0

169.9

57.0

125.9 2898.0

14.3

0.4

3.7

161.4

143.2 5368.3

0.0

0.3

176.6

6.2

330.7

501.7

70.7

13.3 736.1

0.2

0.0

32.1

0.0

661.3

1.2

0.0

0.0

5.6

25.3

60.0

5.5

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

22.1

5.1

126.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

2.5

9.1

43.1

3.2

2.8

0.1

0.0

34.1

0.6

5.7

465.0

112.1

0.0

202.2

8.3

483.0

225.3

227.3

158.3

29.8

21.8

0.7

356.7

68.5

908.2

420.3

577.9

140.0

0.3

5.2

5.5 1367.9 6929.8 2532.1

251.7 1037.3 1091.1 7515.5 1704.2 4260.1 5329.2

717.1

126.3

468.8 1009.5 2539.8 20920.6

2.8

3.4

76.2
564.0
0.0

0.1

45.5

0.2 1188.4

3.5

89.9

85.4

274.2

855.2 3320.0

17.5

23.0

159.4

245.1

562.3 1067.9 10793.5

0.6 2754.0 1365.0 1003.4

3.2

46.3

130.6

630.7

55

2.4.2

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

Title
Air:

Major Regular
subtitle
European Airlines
Domestic + International

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

AIRLINE
Deutsche Lufthansa
Air France (1)
British Airways
Ryanair (2)
KLM Royal Dutch
Airlines (1)
Easyjet (3)
THY Turkish Airlines
Air Berlin
Iberia
Virgin Atlantic
Airways
Alitalia (4)
Thomson Airways
SWISS Intern. Airlines
Thomas Cook Airlines

Scandinavian
15 SAS
Airlines
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

TAP Portugal
Condor
Finnair
Norwegian
Austrian Airlines
Wizz Air
Aer Lingus
Sunexpress
Pegasus Airlines
Tuifly
Vueling
Transavia Airlines
Monarch
Corsair
Onur Air
SN Brussels Airlines
Spanair

DE
FR
UK
IE

2000
94.289
91.848
119.385
3.386

2005
112.794
115.879
110.939
24.008

2009
123.083
126.272
111.992
63.090

2010
129.671
125.048
105.554
72.165

2011
147.848
133.036
117.348
85.709

change
'10/'11

ranking

billion revenue passenger-kilometres

14.0
6.4
11.2
18.8

NL

60.331 68.322 73.472 76.065 82.047 7.9

UK
TR
DE
ES

4.730
17.396
7.813
40.043

UK

29.471 32.118 39.272 38.158 38.038 0.3

IT
UK
CH
UK
SE/
DK/
NO
PT
DE
FI
NO
AT
HU
IE
TU
TU
DE
ES
NL
UK
FR
TU
BE
ES

40.846 37.236
23.337
3.481 20.471
14.220

27.448
20.452
20.530
48.917

50.566
38.923
43.911
49.556
29.356
32.650
27.511
27.155

56.128
46.538
45.244
51.274
32.906
32.714
29.522
27.385

61.347
58.941
52.140
51.268
35.679
32.969
31.606
27.418

9.3
26.7
15.2
0.0
8.4
0.8
7.1
0.1

22.922 27.724 23.241 23.495 26.374 12.3

10.414 14.536
22.245
7.467 16.735
2.703
14.345 18.835
8.900 13.100
3.938
5.123
17.213
1.661
8.726
12.623
8.764
2.347 4.559
9.709 10.860

20.849
19.159
19.935
10.602
14.759
9.890
15.819
9.096
5.941
15.874
7.500
11.159
7.931
9.254
7.085
6.852
7.992

23.649
19.888
19.222
13.774
15.923
12.278
13.895
10.840
10.662
10.708
9.932
10.644
8.011
9.980
8.200
7.314
7.071

25.945 9.7
23.574 18.5
21.498 11.8
17.421 26.5
15.274 4.1
14.250 16.1
14.051 1.1
12.046 11.1
11.562 8.4
11.400 6.5
10.820 8.9
10.738 0.9
9.862 23.1
9.785 2.0
8.500 3.7
8.486 16.0
8.120 14.8

Notes: Scheduled and non-scheduled flights.

(1) Air France and KLM merged in 2004 to build Air France KLM Group.
(2) Ryanair: Year up to 30 March of the following year.
(3) Easyjet: Financial year up to 30 September of the year indicated.
(4) Air One merged with Alitalia at the end of 2008.

56
Sources: Association of European Airlines, Ascend,
International Air Transport Association, air companies, own estimates

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

2.4.3

Title
Air:

Passenger Traffic
subtitle
at Major EU Airports
Passengers carried (*)

Airport AND Country 2000

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

London / Heathrow
Paris / Charles de Gaulle
Frankfurt (Main)
Amsterdam / Schiphol
Madrid / Barajas
Mnchen
Roma / Fiumicino
Barcelona
London / Gatwick
Paris / Orly
Palma de Mallorca
Kbenhavn / Kastrup
Wien / Schwechat
Dsseldorf
Milano / Malpensa
Stockholm / Arlanda
Manchester
Dublin
Brussel-Bruxelles / Brussels
London / Stansted
Berlin / Tegel
Helsinki / Vantaa
Lisboa
Athinai/EleftheriosVenizelos
Hamburg
Malaga
Praha / Ruzyne
Nice / Cte d'Azur
Las Palmas / Gran Canaria
Alicante
Kln-Bonn
Stuttgart
London / Luton
Edinburgh
Warszawa / Okecie
Milano / Linate
Budapest / Ferihegy
Birmingham
Venezia / Tessera
Tenerife Sur / Reina Sofia

UK
FR
DE
NL
ES
DE
IT
ES
UK
FR
ES
DK
AT
DE
IT
SE
UK
IE
BE
UK
DE
FI
PT
EL
DE
ES
CZ
FR
ES
ES
DE
DE
UK
UK
PL
IT
HU
UK
IT
ES

64.29
49.67
48.96
39.27
32.71
22.87
25.94
19.44
31.95
23.83
19.25
18.11
11.92
15.91
20.55
18.61
18.32
13.66
21.60
11.86
10.24
10.00
9.21
13.35
9.82
9.36
5.55
9.33
9.12
5.98
6.19
7.98
6.16
5.37
4.33
6.02
4.68
7.49
4.12
8.72

2005
67.68
53.38
51.79
44.08
41.72
28.45
27.78
27.02
32.69
24.85
21.22
19.82
15.85
15.39
19.49
17.16
22.08
18.33
15.95
21.99
11.47
11.13
11.24
14.27
10.57
12.61
10.72
9.74
9.69
8.93
9.39
9.25
9.13
8.45
7.08
9.09
7.92
9.31
5.76
8.78

2009
65.90
57.69
50.57
43.53
47.94
32.56
33.42
27.29
32.36
25.09
21.17
19.60
18.10
17.73
17.35
16.06
18.63
20.47
16.79
19.95
14.13
12.60
13.27
16.14
12.18
11.60
11.60
9.81
8.93
9.11
9.70
8.88
9.12
9.04
8.33
8.29
8.08
9.09
6.69
6.94

2010
65.74
57.95
52.65
45.15
49.80
34.52
35.95
29.18
31.34
25.16
21.08
21.39
19.68
18.91
18.71
16.96
17.66
18.41
16.98
18.56
14.97
12.86
14.05
15.30
12.88
12.02
11.51
9.59
9.28
9.37
9.79
9.14
8.73
8.59
8.73
8.30
8.17
8.56
6.84
7.19

2011
69.39
60.74
56.28
49.69
49.53
37.59
37.40
34.31
33.64
27.10
22.70
22.61
21.11
20.30
19.09
19.06
18.80
18.72
18.61
18.04
16.89
14.87
14.81
14.33
13.53
12.76
11.72
10.40
10.34
9.89
9.60
9.54
9.51
9.38
9.35
9.06
8.88
8.61
8.55
8.51

%
change
10/11

ranking

(arriving + departing + in transit) million passengers

5.55
4.81
6.89
10.07
0.53
8.91
4.03
17.59
7.33
7.72
7.70
5.71
7.23
7.35
2.00
12.40
6.46
1.69
9.62
2.80
12.87
15.63
5.39
6.39
5.00
6.13
1.82
8.50
11.41
5.60
1.92
4.35
8.90
9.19
7.16
9.24
8.69
0.51
25.07
18.29

Notes: (*) Passengers carried do not include direct transit passengers, i.e. transit passengers
who stay on board the aircraft and continue their flight with the same flight
number. Where the number of passengers carried was not available, the number
of passengers on board (i.e. incl. direct transit passengers) is given in italics.
57
S o urc e s: Eurostat, ai rports

2.4.4a

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

Air: Main Intra-EU

Title Airport Pairs
inPassengerTransport
subtitle

Total passengers carried

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

Airport pairs

2005

2009

2010

4301.0
Toulouse / BlagnacParis / Orly
2327.1
Nice / Cte d'AzurParis / Orly
2262.9
Catania / FontanarossaRoma / Fiumicino
1368.7
Frankfurt (Main)Berlin / Tegel
1545.6
HamburgMnchen
1450.5
MnchenBerlin / Tegel
1419.2
BarcelonaPalma De Mallorca
1684.0
Madrid / BarajasPalma de Mallorca
1640.0
Frankfurt (Main)Hamburg
1288.3
DsseldorfMnchen
1381.5
London / HeathrowDublin
2089.4
Milano / LinateRoma / Fiumicino
2414.6
Palermo / Punta RaisiRoma / Fiumicino
1106.7
Frankfurt (Main)London / Heathrow
1522.5
Las Palmas / Gran CanariaMadrid / Barajas 1388.1
London / HeathrowAmsterdam / Schiphol
1895.0
Tenerife NorteMadrid / Barajas
1359.4
Amsterdam / SchipholBarcelona
1103.9
Madrid / BarajasRoma / Fiumicino
929.7
London / HeathrowParis / Charles de Gaulle 2011.1
London / HeathrowEdinburgh
1659.9
Kbenhavn / KastrupStockholm / Arlanda 1194.1
Paris / Charles de GaulleRoma / Fiumicino 1238.4
London / HeathrowMadrid / Barajas
1118.9
Madrid / BarajasParis / Orly
964.3
Madrid / BarajasLisboa
688.1
Kln-BonnMnchen
1165.3
London / GatwickMalaga
982.6
Amsterdam / SchipholMadrid / Barajas
896.4

2942.4
2304.8
2139.4
1635.7
1552.0
1628.4
1518.6
1513.6
1764.3
1202.7
1480.5
1620.0
1720.6
1372.3
1194.8
1548.5
1509.8
1342.6
1085.2
1138.7
1338.7
1306.1
1076.4
1322.1
1127.2
1136.5
1066.6
1161.9
1116.4
943.2

3083.8
2193.7
2104.6
1717.8
1609.4
1653.0
1580.0
1532.5
1698.9
1480.6
1533.4
1493.1
1522.8
1406.8
1259.8
1553.7
1332.9
1319.7
1066.9
1268.5
1300.1
1244.4
1166.0
1191.2
1093.4
1105.9
1167.2
1132.5
909.2
1076.3

BarcelonaMadrid / Barajas

/ OrlyPointe--Pitre (Guadeloupe) /
31 Paris
Ple Carabes

32
33
34
35
36
37
38

thousand

MnchenLondon / Heathrow
Madrid / BarajasParis / Charles de Gaulle
Frankfurt (Main)Mnchen
BarcelonaSevilla
Frankfurt (Main)Wien / Schwechat
Frankfurt (Main)Paris / Charles de Gaulle

London / HeathrowRoma / Fiumicino

/ SchipholParis /
39 Amsterdam
Charles de Gaulle
40 Kln-BonnBerlin / Tegel

2011

%
change
10/11

ranking

(arriving + departing from

first named airport)

3102.4 0.6
2322.3 5.9
2235.8 6.2
1841.6 7.2
1792.7 11.4
1716.7 3.8
1667.4 5.5
1639.4 7.0
1605.2 5.5
1587.6 7.2
1569.4 2.3
1556.1 4.2
1522.7 0.0
1492.0 6.1
1462.5 16.1
1438.4 7.4
1407.2 5.6
1337.1 1.3
1321.8 23.9
1281.8 1.1
1272.6 2.1
1271.5 2.2
1229.0 5.4
1210.9 1.7
1191.2 8.9
1182.7 6.9
1175.1 0.7
1173.3 3.6
1125.3 23.8
1109.8 3.1

983.3

990.7 1036.0 1102.3

6.4

913.7
859.9
1303.1
1086.1
676.2
961.7
972.6

902.4 970.4 1084.5

974.1 1020.2 1082.8
978.0 958.4 1080.3
848.4 864.0 1076.1
878.4 952.4 1066.6
914.9 928.8 1060.2
945.2 1033.1 1052.9

11.8
6.1
12.7
24.6
12.0
14.2
1.9

990.2 1050.9

6.1

916.6 1114.3 1026.9 1048.0

2.1

1038.7 1054.8

58
Sour ce: Eu ro s t a t

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

2.4.4b

Air: Main Connections

Title
Between EU
andNonEU Airports
in Passenger Transport
subtitle

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

(arriving + departing from

first named airport)

Airport pairs
London / HeathrowNew York / J.F. Kennedy Intl, NY, USA
London / HeathrowDubai Intl, United Arab Emirates
London / HeathrowHong Kong Intl, China
London / HeathrowLos Angeles Intl, CA, USA
Paris / Charles de GaulleNewYork / J.F. Kennedy Intl, NY, USA
Kbenhavn / KastrupOslo / Gardermoen, Norway
London / HeathrowChicago / O'Hare Intl, IL, USA
London / HeathrowNewark / Liberty Intl, NJ, USA
Paris / Charles de GaulleMontreal / Pierre Elliot
Trudeau Intl, Canada
Stockholm / ArlandaOslo / Gardermoen, Norway
London / HeathrowSingapore / Changi, Singapore
London / HeathrowBoston / Gen. E. Lawrence
Logan Intl, MA, USA
London / HeathrowNew Delhi / Indira Gandhi Intl, India
London / HeathrowWashington / Dulles Intl, DC, USA
London / HeathrowGenve / Cointrin, Switzerland
London / HeathrowZrich, Switzerland
London / HeathrowMiami Intl, FL, USA
London / HeathrowMumbai / Chhatrapati
Shivaji Intl, India
London / HeathrowToronto / Lester B. Pearson Intl, Canada
London / HeathrowSan Francisco Intl, CA, USA
Wien / SchwechatZrich, Switzerland
Berlin / TegelZrich, Switzerland
London / HeathrowIstanbul / Atatrk, Turkey
London / HeathrowJohannesburg Intl, South Africa
Madrid / BarajasBueons Aires / Ezeiza Ministro
Pistarini, Argentina
DsseldorfAntalya, Turkey
Paris / Charles de GaulleTel Aviv / Ben Gurion, Israel
Paris / Charles de GaulleMoscow/Sheremetyevo, Russia
Paris / Charles de GaulleIstanbul / Atatrk, Turkey
Amsterdam / SchipholAntalya, Turkey
Madrid / BarajasNew York / J.F. Kennedy Intl, NY, USA
Paris / Charles de GaulleDubai Intl, United Arab Emirates
Frankfurt (Main)Istanbul / Atatrk, Turkey
London / GatwickGenve, Switzerland
Paris / Charles de GaulleZrich, Switzerland
DsseldorfZrich, Switzerland
London / HeathrowSydney / Kingsford Smith Intl, Australia
Paris / Charles de GaulleTokyo Intl, Japan
London / HeathrowDoha Intl, United Arab Emirates
Frankfurt (Main)Antalya, Turkey

thousand

%
change
10/11

ranking

Total passengers carried

2005 2009 2010 2011

2940 2479 2517 2679
6.5
1183 1745 1787 1890
5.7
1258 1529 1386 1413
2.0
1383 1236 1189 1299
9.3
1730 1184 1190 1269
6.6
1247 1107 1132 1212
7.0
1522 1218 1137 1207
6.1
740 1003 1092 1198
9.7
929 1102 1148 1165
1.5
937
967 1007 1165 15.8
996 1124 1022 1070
4.7
929
851
866 1031 19.0
384
756
918
997
8.6
1074 1009
921
989
7.4
570
604
859
978 13.8
905
888
877
958
9.3
878
846
822
954 16.0
725
862
957
951 0.7
1067 1014
941
926 1.6
1005
893
861
926
7.6
597
747
778
863 11.0
467
737
801
855
6.8
525
653
725
848 17.0
995
921
886
840 5.2
873
871
858
832 3.0
802
627
684
803 17.5
608
672
710
756
6.5
515
588
642
754 17.3
415
692
688
745
8.3
753
550
614
729 18.7
427
552
710
717
1.0
439
656
716
717
0.0
661
645
638
712 11.6
643
648
624
710 13.8
630
721
695
705
1.4
444
666
648
700
8.1
823
741
696
698
0.3
844
849
697 17.9
483
583
640
681
6.4
701
488
570
668 17.3

59
S o urc e : Eurostat

2.4.5

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

Title
Air:

FreightTrafficat
subtitle
Major EU Airports
Cargo and Mail loaded and unloaded

Airport and Country

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Frankfurt (Main)
London / Heathrow
Amsterdam / Schiphol
Paris / Charles de Gaulle
Leipzig-Halle
Kln-Bonn
Luxembourg
Lige / Bierset
Milano / Malpensa
Madrid / Barajas
Brussel-Bruxelles / Brussels
Mnchen
Nottingham East Midlands
London / Stansted
Frankfurt / Hahn
Wien / Schwechat
Helsinki / Vantaa
Roma / Fiumicino
Bergamo / Orio al Serio
Kbenhavn / Kastrup
Manchester
Dublin
Barcelona
Lisboa
London / Gatwick
Stockholm / Arlanda
Dsseldorf
Athinai / EleftheriosVenizelos
Budapest / Ferihegy
Maastricht-Aachen
Praha / Ruzyne
Warszawa / Okecie
Marseille / Provence
Paris / Orly
Toulouse / Blagnac
Oostende
Zaragoza
Belfast
Edinburgh
Gteborg / Landvetter

DE
UK
NL
FR
DE
DE
LU
BE
IT
ES
BE
DE
UK
UK
DE
AT
FI
IT
IT
DK
UK
IE
ES
PT
UK
SE
DE
EL
HU
NL
CZ
PL
FR
FR
FR
BE
ES
UK
UK
SE

2000
1703.4
1306.8
1222.5
1067.0
13.7
438.3
499.9
270.3
295.7
305.2
687.4
148.4
178.8
167.8
75.0
132.6
96.1
153.3
98.9
419.4
116.6
35.5
88.1
114.6
318.8
154.0
59.4
123.4
43.5
44.3
44.6
36.0
107.3
37.8
93.5
3.5
30.9
18.2

2005
1950.6
1389.3
1495.6
1217.8
12.3
646.8
624.8
325.7
383.8
360.3
694.5
218.2
292.1
254.8
100.9
180.1
114.9
131.9
135.1
355.1
150.0
64.1
94.5
100.0
232.1
158.0
56.5
100.7
55.5
54.6
51.6
31.1
51.0
80.0
56.2
108.3
3.8
51.3
54.3

2009
1882.7
1348.9
1316.8
1202.3
508.8
549.0
627.3
401.8
343.6
330.2
364.4
234.3
286.6
213.4
105.1
198.4
121.9
139.0
99.6
152.0
103.0
97.3
92.3
95.5
79.2
84.2
65.1
86.8
54.1
53.4
42.5
50.1
57.9
63.4
54.9
69.8
36.7
43.0
52.0
44.6

2010
2270.2
1551.3
1538.0
1292.5
637.8
638.2
705.8
508.5
432.7
400.5
385.0
291.1
304.0
229.8
164.5
231.8
157.5
164.4
105.8
138.1
116.6
105.3
105.9
105.2
108.6
99.4
87.1
82.3
65.3
62.0
58.2
57.1
59.6
53.7
52.3
60.0
42.1
43.9
44.1
49.4

2011
2214.6
1569.3
1549.4
1531.5
744.0
727.5
666.0
544.0
450.4
421.8
386.7
303.7
298.8
230.2
221.5
213.3
170.9
151.8
112.3
108.5
108.5
101.2
98.0
95.3
92.1
82.5
81.3
75.1
68.9
65.4
62.6
60.6
58.9
58.6
54.7
53.5
48.2
46.5
44.3
43.5

%
change
'10/'11

ranking

thousand tonnes

2.4
1.2
0.7
18.5
16.7
14.0
5.6
7.0
4.1
5.3
0.4
4.3
1.7
0.2
34.7
8.0
8.5
7.6
6.1
21.4
6.9
3.9
7.4
9.4
15.2
17.0
6.7
8.7
5.4
5.5
7.6
6.2
1.1
9.1
4.5
10.9
14.4
6.0
0.5
11.8

Notes: Significant underreporting from Paris airports. Data from airport websites (in italics)
often include air cargo which in reality is transported by lorry.
The figures from airport websites are therefore not always fully comparable
with those collected by Eurostat. The extraordinary growth rate for the Leipzig
airport is mainly due to DHL moving its hub there during 2008.
60
Sour ces: Eur ost at , air por t websit e s (in ita lics )

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

2.4.6

Title
Air:

Movements ofAircraftatMajorEUAirports
subtitle
(take-off + landing, passenger and cargo)
ranking
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Airport and Country

Paris / Charles de Gaulle
Frankfurt (Main)
London / Heathrow
Amsterdam / Schiphol
Madrid / Barajas
Mnchen
Roma / Fiumicino
Barcelona
Kbenhavn / Kastrup
London / Gatwick
Wien / Schwechat
Paris / Orly
Dsseldorf
Brussel-Bruxelles / Brussels
Stockholm / Arlanda
Helsinki / Vantaa
Milano / Malpensa
Palma De Mallorca
Athinai / Eleftherios
Venizelos
Berlin / Tegel
Dublin
Manchester
Praha / Ruzyne
Hamburg
Nice / Cte d'Azur
Lisboa
London / Stansted
Warszawa / Okecie
Stuttgart
Lyon / Saint Exupry
Kln-Bonn
Edinburgh
Budapest / Ferihegy
Las Palmas / Gran
Canaria
Bucureti / Henri Coand
Malaga
Marseille / Provence
Aberdeen
Milano / Linate
Toulouse / Blagnac

FR
DE
UK
NL
ES
DE
IT
ES
DK
UK
AT
FR
DE
BE
SE
FI
IT
ES

2005
543.4
475.6
472.0
408.2
406.3
382.3
299.6
294.3
262.1
252.0
227.0
230.8
189.0
228.7
222.2
163.1
222.2
170.5

EL 170.3

2008
574.8
477.4
473.2
435.9
459.6
409.0
340.8
312.3
256.4
256.4
262.6
234.0
224.4
233.7
213.7
172.9
208.2
182.2

2009
541.4
455.1
460.1
396.1
427.2
377.2
321.3
269.5
230.9
245.4
239.8
223.4
210.0
211.8
186.5
167.7
180.5
168.3

2010
491.9
456.0
449.2
390.4
426.9
368.2
327.3
268.5
240.6
233.5
242.3
215.6
211.4
205.2
185.4
169.9
187.8
165.2

2011
506.8
480.9
476.3
425.2
422.8
399.4
323.6
293.6
248.6
244.5
243.4
228.5
216.6
214.2
204.3
191.8
183.5
172.1

%
change
10/11

thousand

(not including general aviation)

3.0
5.5
6.0
8.9
1.0
8.5
1.2
9.3
3.4
4.7
0.4
6.0
2.5
4.4
10.2
12.9
2.3
4.2

195.0

205.5

186.6

164.8 11.7

DE
IE
UK
CZ
DE
FR
PT
UK
PL
DE
FR
DE
UK
HU

137.2
169.6
218.0
150.2
134.2
158.1
125.9
178.0
131.0
135.0
130.1
139.9
116.0
116.5

154.3
202.4
191.2
168.8
150.7
166.6
138.9
177.3
145.9
134.9
133.7
128.2
113.5
110.0

147.7
169.9
162.1
155.3
137.8
149.8
131.6
156.0
130.5
117.1
125.5
120.1
106.4
103.5

150.5
156.4
148.9
147.9
138.4
145.2
136.9
143.0
133.0
111.7
116.6
120.6
100.6
99.6

161.3
160.0
158.0
142.6
141.1
140.4
139.2
136.9
136.5
124.0
117.9
117.6
105.1
104.0

7.2
2.3
6.1
3.6
1.9
3.3
1.7
4.3
2.6
10.9
1.1
2.5
4.5
4.4

ES

98.4

104.0

91.7

93.2

101.6

9.1

RO 90.2
ES 111.1
FR 90.3
UK 89.5
IT 93.1
FR 80.2

124.4
108.0
97.9
100.2
95.6
84.3

124.8
94.7
97.9
94.4
92.9
82.3

128.1
97.3
97.3
88.0
91.5
79.8

99.5 22.3
99.2
1.9
95.6 1.8
94.8
7.8
93.8
2.6
85.1
6.7

Note: One movement per minute for 18 hours per day = 394200 per year.
61
S o urc e s: Eurostat, ai rports

2.4.7

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

Title
Sea:

Inward and Outward Flow

subtitle
of Passengers by Country
Inwards
1000

passengers

cruise passengers cruise passengers

excluding
cruise passengers
2009

2010

starting and ending

a cruise

2011

EU-27

199014 195537 187657

EU-15

188919 184174 175836

EU-12

10095 11363 11821

2009

2010

2011

on excursion
2009

2010

2011

11

17

BE

276

300

243

94

109

164

BG

21

DK

21604

20851

20562

209

338

216

309

DE

14296

13960

14187

454

364

430

EE

4556

5569

5903

417

392

436

106

172

203

CZ

IE

1439

1544

1443

EL

43907

42021

39307

303

1393

258

9571 1088

438

ES

9706

9424

1190

1348

3597

4187

4760

FR

12413

13362

12539

172

246

240

1398

1766

1630

IT

45496

41959

38566 2130

1903

2239

1444

1890

2509

CY

48

53

46

225

272

211

LV

290

334

389

67

59

64

LT

99

121

137

34

35

21

MT

3886

4031

4125

14

414

NL

827

1005

924

PL

1238

1291

1252

PT

416

351

329

LU
HU
0

AT

RO

13

23

27

SI

25

16

14

21

32

98

SK
FI

8624

8969

9079

21

20

15

344

323

364

SE

16540

16828

15957

52

36

44

497

502

524

UK

13377

13599

13129

691

796

834

HR

13019

12554

13395

1142

1231

1345

2680

2705

2691

76

130

203

877

800

814

IS
NO
62
Sour ce: Eu ro s t a t

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

2.4.7

Title
Sea:

Inward and Outward Flow

subtitle
of Passengers by Country
Outwards
1000

passengers

cruise passengers

excluding
cruise passengers

starting and ending a cruise

2009

2010

2011

EU-27

195568

193093

187363

2009

2010

2011

EU-15

185424

183320

175470

EU-12

10143

9773

11893

BE

290

310

254

91

109

164

BG

DK

21548

20803

20530

199

219

DE

14417

14095

14186

407

361

430

EE

4584

3943

5936

IE

1436

1535

1458

EL

43832

41972

39269

308

803

349
1333

CZ

ES

9642

9412

9616

1022

1189

FR

12321

13381

12535

160

228

238

IT

42834

42016

38808

2248

1779

2282

CY

48

54

46

LV

302

342

397

LT

106

130

144

MT

3885

4031

4125

14

NL

805

989

846

PL

1243

1310

1274

PT

417

350

330

LU
HU
0

AT

RO

SI

24

17

17

3
15

SK
FI

8559

8856

8965

22

21

SE

15821

15986

15476

14

30

15

UK

13502

13614

13198

710

816

841

HR

13001

12554

13540

10

2953

3019

3085

19

21

151

IS
NO

63
S o urc e : Eurostat

2.4.8

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

Title
Sea:

Passenger Traffic
subtitle
at Major EU Seaports
Passengers Embarked and Disembarked

Port and Country

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Dover
Paloukia Salaminas
Perama
Helsinki
Calais
Stockholm
Piraeus
Helsingborg
Helsingr (Elsinore)
Messina
Tallinn
Napoli
Reggio Calabria
Capri
Puttgarden
Rdby (Frgehavn)
Palma Mallorca
Algeciras
Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Cirkewwa
Mgarr, Gozo
Piombino
Olbia
Turku
Mariehamn
Portoferraio
Livorno
Porto D'Ischia
Dunkerque
Genova
Igoumenitsa
Barcelona
Civitavecchia
Norddeich
Bastia
Rostock
Hirtshals
Norderney I.
Portsmouth
Holyhead

UK
EL
EL
FI
FR
SE
EL
SE
DK
IT
EE
IT
IT
IT
DE
DK
ES
ES
ES
MT
MT
IT
IT
FI
FI
IT
IT
IT
FR
IT
EL
ES
IT
DE
FR
DE
DK
DE
UK
UK

2000 2005
16197 13501
11663
11663
9251 8854
15066 11695
7746 8211
7289 11076
13525 11102
13322 11023
11898 9802
6701
6748 6084
11839 9645
5404 3860
5430 6760
5430 6761
1864 4611
4828
4927 4564
3463
3463
3161 3277
2359 3253
3514 3697
1885 3192
2641 2829
1886 2103
3686 3169
96
813
2444 2406
933 2338
1424 2208
2241 2099
2253 2257
1916 2028
1767 2417
1855 1959
2015 1990
3270 2679
2518 2173

2009
13265
12821
12821
9085
10158
9089
10444
9415
9415
10441
6841
6932
11047
6944
6305
6305
4692
4608
3887
3792
3792
4987
3785
3520
3394
3971
3273
2364
2422
3454
2741
2405
2837
2394
2495
2431
2063
2056
2187
1942

2010
13361
12705
12705
9849
10237
9147
9598
8540
8534
10765
7523
8356
9891
6517
6261
6261
4496
4663
3807
4031
4031
3477
3863
3498
3302
2769
2782
2589
2533
2991
2726
2358
2440
2287
2524
2195
2178
2093
2260
2073

2011
12918
11662
11662
10326
10063
9184
9182
8339
8324
8060
8037
7859
7704
6576
6028
6028
4610
4504
4305
4125
4125
3972
3703
3306
3220
2899
2637
2605
2601
2573
2567
2498
2474
2439
2282
2249
2247
2182
2130
2020

%
change
10/11

ranking

thousand

3.3
8.2
8.2
4.8
1.7
0.4
4.3
2.4
2.5
25.1
6.8
5.9
22.1
0.9
3.7
3.7
2.5
3.4
13.1
2.3
2.3
14.2
4.1
5.5
2.5
4.7
5.2
0.6
2.7
14.0
5.8
5.9
1.4
6.6
9.6
2.5
3.2
4.2
5.7
2.6

64
Sour ce: Eu ro s t a t

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

2.4.9

Title
Sea:

Freight Traffic subtitle

at Major EU Seaports
Tonnes loaded and unloaded

Port and Country

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Rotterdam
Antwerpen
Hamburg
Marseille
Le Havre
Valencia
Amsterdam
Immingham
Bremerhaven
London
Milford Haven
Genova
Trieste
Gteborg
Taranto
Dunkerque
Algeciras
Southampton
Tallinn
Barcelona
Tees & Hartlepool
Klaipeda
Riga
Liverpool
Zeebrugge
Tarragona
Constanta
Bilbao
Nantes Saint-Nazaire
Gioia Tauro
Forth
Ventspils
Gent (Ghent)
Augusta
Huelva
Gdansk
Porto Foxi
Felixstowe
Venezia
Sines

%
change
10/11

ranking

million

2000 2005 2009 2010 2011

NL 302.545 345.819 353.871 395.763 370.256 6.4
BE 302.545 145.835 142.116 160.012 168.547 5.3
DE 116.003 108.253 94.762 104.520 114.369 9.4
FR 76.950 93.308 79.846 82.427 84.460 2.5
FR 91.279 70.801 69.228 65.771 63.384 3.6
ES 63.885 34.990 48.343 53.075 63.167 19.0
NL 21.958 47.133 72.750 72.702 59.554 18.1
UK 42.044 60.686 54.708 54.029 57.227 5.9
DE 52.501 33.728 42.701 45.943 55.856 21.6
UK 24.835 53.843 45.442 48.062 48.796 1.5
UK 47.892 37.547 39.293 42.788 48.699 13.8
33.768 42.640 42.708 41.428 42.373 2.3
IT
43.797 43.355 40.986 40.557 41.803 3.1
IT
SE 44.015 36.479 38.934 42.938 41.312 3.8
33.261 47.869 38.079 34.209 41.229 20.5
IT
FR 33.117 48.503 37.922 36.309 40.841 12.5
ES 44.318 55.184 55.840 58.565 38.359 34.5
39.947 37.228 39.365 37.878 3.8
UK
EE 34.773 38.816 31.384 36.264 35.967 0.8
37.061 35.911 35.326 35.220 0.3
ES
UK 25.787 55.790 39.163 35.697 35.198 1.4
LT 51.472 20.019 25.955 28.851 33.727 16.9
24.421 29.225 29.057 32.921 13.3
LV
33.775 29.936 30.020 32.660 8.8
UK
BE 30.421 28.442 33.943 33.878 31.500 7.0
ES 32.660 30.967 33.429 32.071 31.307 2.4
RO 27.175 44.377 29.181 30.396 30.978 1.9
32.219 30.606 32.440 30.281 6.7
ES
FR 26.623 34.043 29.297 30.582 29.935 2.1
31.263 29.634 34.394 35.371 28.015 20.8
IT
UK 21.638 34.218 36.690 34.335 27.878 18.8
LV 41.143 29.358 25.289 23.825 27.837 16.8
22.133 20.579 27.572 27.409 0.6
BE
24.717 33.041 24.069 25.813 26.817 3.9
IT
ES 29.938 20.931 17.636 22.122 26.616 20.3
PL 17.224 22.478 18.758 26.421 25.457 3.6
22.760 23.597 23.935 25.296 5.7
IT
UK 23.751 23.144 24.267 25.756 24.871 3.4
29.686 30.547 26.640 26.212 24.716 5.7
IT
PT 26.293 24.929 23.857 24.728 24.387 1.4
65

S o urc e : Eurostat

2.4.10

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

Title
Sea:

Intra-EU Maritime
subtitle Transport
(1) Relevance of intra-EU transport
in total maritime transport by EU country 2011
Inwards

Outwards

total
inwards

of which
from EU

share
of EU in
total

million
tonnes

million
tonnes

(%)

million
tonnes

million
tonnes

(%)

BE

128.398

42.060

32.8

102.588

34.199

33.3

BG

13.037

0.771

5.9

12.148

4.162

34.3

DK

47.430

31.330

66.1

36.348

32.037

88.1

DE

175.759

69.923

39.8

113.014

48.271

42.7

EE

11.795

7.455

63.2

33.897

19.331

57.0

IE

29.120

20.984

72.1

15.070

13.869

92.0

EL

62.197

28.625

46.0

48.033

32.721

68.1

ES

259.146

107.076

41.3

144.565

83.723

57.9

total
of which
outwards
to EU

share
of EU in
total

FR

211.845

63.385

29.9

97.381

56.477

58.0

IT

318.868

119.348

37.4

167.917

116.026

69.1

CY (**)

5.482

2.504

45.7

1.081

0.464

42.9

LV

7.362

5.503

74.7

58.211

42.437

72.9

LT

16.031

5.060

31.6

26.630

16.624

62.4

MT

3.104

2.089

67.3

0.216

0.131

60.6

NL

385.428

90.245

23.4

105.400

22.363

21.2

PL

33.297

18.644

56.0

23.976

19.142

79.8

PT

41.780

16.694

40.0

23.907

13.771

57.6

RO (**)

17.500

1.102

6.3

19.989

5.243

26.2

SI

11.589

2.545

22.0

4.609

1.469

31.9

FI

58.032

37.689

64.9

51.298

43.532

84.9

SE

86.032

63.391

73.7

75.850

66.335

87.5

UK

319.702

172.225

53.9

187.295

146.730

78.3

HR

10.684

3.072

28.8

6.387

4.281

67.0

Notes: Data from main ports only (ports handling more than 1 million tonnes per year).
(*) The total goods transported data may be less than the sum of inward and outward traffic due to the double counting of tonnes moved within the same country.

(**) The share of intra-EU in total maritime transport may be underestimated in this
table for CY and RO because a significant share of partner ports are unknown
and hence cannot be attributed to any geographical area.
66
Sour ce: Eu ro s t a t

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

2.4.10

Title
Sea:

Intra-EU Maritime
subtitle Transport
intra-EU transport
in total maritime
transport by
EU country 2011
TOTAL
total
which
goods of
to/from
trans
EU
ported (*)

share
of EU in
total

million
tonnes

million
tonnes

(%)

BE

230.941

76.214

33.0

BG

25.130

4.877

19.4

DK

77.048

56.637

73.5

DE

287.516

116.938

40.7

EE

45.624

26.718

58.6

IE

43.160

33.824

78.4

EL

94.587

45.703

48.3

ES

350.624

137.711

39.3

FR

301.002

111.638

37.1

IT

402.058

150.650

37.5

CY (**)

6.564

2.967

45.2

LV

65.394

47.763

73.0

LT

42.661

21.683

50.8

MT

3.321

2.221

66.9

NL

490.734

110.155

22.4

PL

57.081

37.598

65.9

PT

61.587

26.364

42.8

RO (**)

37.489

6.347

16.9

SI

16.198

4.013

24.8

FI

103.813

75.704

72.9

SE

158.143

125.988

79.7

UK

462.975

274.935

59.4

HR

16.486

6.769

41.1

(2) Main routes in

intra-EU maritime
transport 2011
ranking

(1) Relevance of

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

country
of
loading
port

country
of unloading
port

IT
UK
UK
UK
NL
ES
ES
NL
UK
FR
UK
EL
EL
UK
FR
FR
FR
SE
SE
BE
UK
DK
DK
UK
DE
SE
DE
UK
BE
DK
SE
DE
SE
UK
IE
NO
UK
SE
UK
SE
FI
ES
IT
IT
ES
LV
NL
FI
DE
FI
FI
IE
UK
PT
PT
NO
NL
SE
FI

million
tonnes
transported
90.916
71.808
36.564
35.891
27.354
26.733
24.758
23.466
19.618
18.011
15.647
15.151
14.571
14.537
13.627
13.044
12.927
12.290
12.133
11.516
10.088
10.038
10.008
9.411
9.336
8.455
7.285
7.120
7.005
6.961

Notes: Data from main ports only

(ports handling more than 1 million
tonnes per year); the tonnes have been
calculated by taking the declarations
of the unloading ports (inward declarations) and adding those outward
declarations of partner ports for which
the inward declarations were missing.
67

S o urc e : Eurostat

2.4.11

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

Title
Sea:

Container Traffic
subtitle
at Major EU Seaports

Port and Country

2005

2009

2010

2011

1 Rotterdam
NL
9194.6
9579.3 11017.5 14730.0
2 Hamburg
DE
8084.3
7030.9
7905.5
9035.1
BE
6220.9
7014.3
8144.4
8316.8
3 Antwerpen
DE
3696.1
4552.0
4858.3
5911.2
4 Bremerhaven
5 Valencia
ES
2415.2
3654.4
4211.2
4338.4
6 Algeciras
ES
3183.9
2953.1
2776.9
3583.9
IT
3123.2
2724.7
3896.7
3307.0
7 Gioia Tauro
8 Felixstowe
UK
2759.7
3020.9
3415.1
3248.6
9 Le Havre
FR
2144.3
2257.2
2369.3
2221.8
1846.2
1928.0
2006.0
10 Barcelona
ES
2071.4
11 Piraeus
EL
1401.1
667.1
850.3
1680.9
UK
1384.2
1384.7
1566.5
1590.5
12 Southampton
13 Las Palmas
ES
1222.4
1006.1
1118.0
1284.4
IT
915.6
840.4
1180.6
1205.0
14 La Spezia
15 Zeebrugge
BE
682.3
1466.9
1436.8
1157.4
16 Marseille
FR
910.6
943.2
1030.9
1095.2
17 Gteborg
SE
771.7
824.2
891.5
913.9
18 Genova
IT
1037.6
1311.2
1020.0
910.1
19 London
UK
765.1
646.4
732.7
736.9
20 Gdansk
PL
63.3
232.9
509.9
684.7
21 Liverpool
UK
613.1
588.8
662.0
664.0
867.0
607.5
548.1
653.3
22 Constanta
RO
23 Gdynia
PL
392.9
376.2
477.0
591.1
24 Koper
SI
210.3
334.3
481.0
586.9
25 Bilbao
ES
862.9
443.5
532.0
572.7
26 Cagliari
IT
583.7
233.7
486.6
555.6
512.2
500.3
512.0
542.6
27 Lisboa
PT
28 Dublin
IE
590.2
548.5
554.0
523.6
351.8
450.1
481.8
514.2
29 Leixes
PT
30 Hamina-Kotka
376.5
349.2
402.4
501.7
FI
31 Mlaga
ES
247.5
289.9
298.4
492.6
32 Livorno
IT
461.4
425.6
369.9
452.6
33 Sines
PT
51.0
253.5
382.1
447.5
34 rhus
DK
397.2
384.7
446.3
431.4
35 Trieste
IT
182.7
156.2
261.1
410.0
36 Medway
UK
702.9
422.9
439.8
402.2
37 Klaipeda
LT
214.3
248.0
295.2
382.2
38 Santa Cruz de Tenerife
ES
457.6
346.3
329.8
349.3
39 Lemesos (Limassol)
CY
320.8
353.7
332.5
338.4
460.2
366.6
400.7
334.2
40 Helsinki
FI
41 Thessaloniki
EL
372.5
264.0
289.2
327.1
42 Riga
LV
157.8
179.8
254.6
303.0
43 Taranto
IT
445.1
436.2
258.3
286.1
44 Napoli
IT
178.5
127.1
224.2
271.7
45 Dunkerque
FR
201.6
212.0
200.8
271.0
46 Tees & Hartlepool
UK
137.5
178.5
252.4
263.6
47 Forth
UK
207.3
231.8
216.6
245.0
48 Tarragona
ES
0.0
243.5
255.4
225.7
49 Venezia
IT
196.0
229.0
237.7
225.1
50 Hull
UK
251.7
182.0
202.1
219.7
In 2011 the ports of Hamina and Kotka merged into a single legal entity.
Note: 
Older values refer to Kotka only.

%
change
'10/'11

ranking

thousand TEU

33.7
14.3
2.1
21.7
3.0
29.1
15.1
4.9
6.2
4.0
97.7
1.5
14.9
2.1
19.4
6.2
2.5
10.8
0.6
34.3
0.3
19.2
23.9
22.0
7.7
14.2
6.0
5.5
6.7
24.7
65.1
22.4
17.1
3.4
57.0
8.5
29.5
5.9
1.8
16.6
13.1
19.0
10.8
21.2
34.9
4.4
13.1
11.6
5.3
8.7

68
Sour ce: Eu ro s t a t

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

2.4.12a

Title
Combined Transport
Traffic
subtitle

UIRR companies
Tonne-kilometres (billion)
YEAR
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

19.0
25.0
27.2
29.9
30.2
28.6
32.5
31.9
33.1
32.9
34.5
37.0
45.4
46.1
46.0
38.9
42.4
44.7

of which
national
7.0
7.3
7.6
8.3
8.3
7.8
8.2
7.2
8.0
7.7
8.3
8.1
9.8
9.8
10.2
8.4
9.1
8.6

Traffic% of consignments (*)

Semitrailers
20
14
12
10
9
9
9
9
8
7
7
7
9
9
8
8
10
10

Rolling road
18
19
20
19
20
22
23
24
23
23
16
13
16
14
14
14
15
13

Swap
bodies
62
67
68
71
71
69
68
67
69
70
67
80
76
77
78
78
75
77

Notes: 
(*) Consignment = equivalent to 2.0 TEU, meaning:
- one semi-trailer;
- two swap bodies less than 8.30 m and under 16t;
- one swap body more than 8.30 m or over 16t;
- one vehicle on the Rolling Motorway.
69
Sources: International Union of Combined Road-Rail Transport Companies

2.4.12b

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

Title
Combined
transport
subtitle

Traffic of International Union of Combined

RoadRail Transport Companies (UIRR)
thousand consignments (*)
Company

2000

2005

2009

2010

2011

%
change
'10/'11

International traffic
Kombiverkehr, DE
Hupac, CH
Cemat, IT
IFB, BE
kombi, AT
ICA, AT
Adria Kombi, SI
RAlpin, CH
Hupac NV, NL
Naviland Cargo, FR
Polzug, PL
Alpe Adria, IT
Novatrans, FR
Combiberia, ES
Hungarocombi, HU
Bohemiakombi, CZ
Crokombi, HR
Rocombi, RO
Kombi Dan, DK

374.835
231.060
149.395
57.747
148.769
19.229
26.400

61.780

351.371
291.157
236.824
85.889
90.677
123.753
41.131
79.248
57.085
12.804
22.170
37.848
24.406
37.076
1.424
1.796

355.001
349.622
180.534
114.803
97.170
135.371
45.402
92.464
57.941
27.928
55.708
26.715
32.396
23.172
13.216
6.401
1.090
0.003

405.646
405.400
200.502
106.589
114.125
124.544
68.684
91.535
57.552
30.999
50.783
28.888
30.405
20.104
15.476
7.605
0.977
0.002

429.475
406.587
213.292
144.781
135.471
121.815
101.672
93.534
69.632
50.759
42.251
37.356
30.405
22.965
15.901
10.064
0.649
0.003

5.9
0.3
6.4
35.8
18.7
2.2
48.0
2.2
21.0
63.7
16.8
29.3
0.0
14.2
2.7
32.3
33.6
50.0

403.771
262.950
138.454
129.456
107.732
76.045
52.311
46.278
32.804
11.438
10.699
8.166
1.243

24.9
2.4
25.7
5.7
1.3
25.0
0.4
0.3
17.5
7.1
4.3
1.5
1.1

7.205

National traffic
IFB, BE
Kombiverkehr, DE
kombi, AT
Novatrans, FR
Naviland Cargo, FR
Cemat, IT
Hupac, CH/DE/IT
ICA, AT
Adria Kombi, SI
Alpe Adria, IT
Hupac / RAlpin, CH
Polzug, PL
Rocombi, RO

163.290
117.146
176.145
194.327
16.200

5.117
224.989
46.792
145.909
111.592
187.125
33.610
19.925
12.401
20.324

11.496

315.943
244.003
176.706
123.372
102.908
91.049
43.585
36.136
36.040
9.806
9.998
11.553
2.315

323.158
256.820
186.404
122.468
109.177
101.341
52.503
46.419
39.752
12.307
11.185
8.287
1.229

Notes: (*) Consignment = equivalent to 2.0 TEU, meaning: one semi-trailer; two swap bodies
less than 8.30 m and under 16t; one swap-body more than 8.30 m or over 16t;
one vehicle on the Rolling Motorway. IFB joined the UIRR as an active member.
The 200508 figures represent the activities of TRW, which was taken over by
IFB in 2009. RAlpin took over the domestic line BaselLugano
operated by Hupac from 200710.
70
Sources: International Union of Combined Road-Rail Transport Companies

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

2.4.13

Road:
Title

Alps Crossing
subtitle
Freight Traffic
Alpine Arc: Montgenvre to Brenner
Million Tonnes
Switzerland

1985
1990
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

Austria

France

St. Gotthard

Simplon
Gr. St. Bernard
St. Bernardino

Brenner
Reschen

Montgenvre
Frjus
Mont-Blanc

1.9
3.1
5.5
5.9
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.6
7.4
7.5
9.2
9.9
10.2
10.0
10.9
10.8
10.2
10.8
10.6

0.8
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.3
3.0
3.0
2.4
2.6
2.8
2.9
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.5
3.8

15.0
14.6
21.0
20.1
21.3
23.9
26.4
26.6
26.3
27.3
28.7
33.5
33.6
36.1
36.4
35.1
27.0
28.7
29.3

12.3
21.8
25.8
25.0
25.3
26.3
27.3
27.2
27.2
26.3
25.8
22.3
20.8
22.3
22.4
21.5
18.5
20.2
20.7

9.7%
3.4%
1.9%

3.3%
11.3%
8.6%

3.9%
1.0%
2.1%

total
30.0
40.6
53.4
52.2
53.6
57.9
62.1
62.7
63.9
64.1
66.1
68.3
67.4
71.3
73.0
70.7
58.9
63.2
64.4

average annual change

'85/'00
'00/'10
'10/'11

5.4%
2.7%
2.5%

5.0%
0.3%
9.3%

Note: France: Montgenvre: from 1999.

Number of heavy goods vehicles (thousand)

Switzerland
St. Gotthard

1999
2000
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

1101
1187
858
1004
969
925
856
963
973
900
943
927

Simplon
Gr. St. Bernard
St. Bernardino

Austria

France

Brenner
Reschen

Montgenvre
Frjus
Mont-Blanc

1639
1653
1710
1775
2118
2121
2268
2277
2200
1842
1947
1980

1674
1672
1581
1572
1515
1435
1529
1531
1474
1253
1356
1389

216
217
391
287
286
279
326
299
302
280
313
332

total
4630
4729
4540
4638
4888
4760
4979
5070
4949
4275
4559
4628

Note: internal, import, export and transit traffic.

71
S o urc e s: S wi ss De partme nt of t he Envir onm ent , Tr anspor t ,
E n e rgy and C ommuni c ati ons ( UV EK)

2.4.14

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

Road:
Title

Pyrenees Crossing
subtitle
Traffic
Goods traffic
vehicles per day

1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009

West coast
Biriatou
(inc. A63)
5657
6447
6914
8224
8806
8864
9276
10655
9970
10390
10670
9712

East coast
Le Perthus
(inc. A9)
6729
7413
8018
8200
8050
8535
8920
9302
9243
9602
9484
8610

Other
crossings
880
905
914
1519
1172
1505
1758
1875
1825
1939
1334
1367

total
13266
14765
15846
17943
18028
18904
19954
21832
21038
21931
21488
19688

Passenger car traffic

vehicles per day

1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009

West coast
Biriatou
(inc. A63)
30200
30230
33188
40923
41847
41812
44165
45041
47142
47172
47266
47907

East coast
Le Perthus
(inc. A9)
19400
20601
20678
24390
25201
28544
29201
30923
31896
32180
30847
31465

Other
crossings
27800
33168
33412
31962
34096
37654
41267
41196
42465
43228
41924
42452

total
77400
83999
87278
97275
101144
108010
114633
117160
121503
122580
120037
121823

Note: 2007 not available.

72
Sourc e s: Ob s er v at or io hispano-fr ancs de Tr fico en los Pirin eo s ,
Spain and own est imat es (in ita lics )

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

2.4.15

Road:
Title

Alps and Pyrenees

subtitle
Crossing Traffic
Alps Crossing Freight Traffic (*)
Alpine Arc: Mont-Cenis to Brenner
Switzerland

Million Tonnes
Austria

France

St. Gotthard

Simplon

Brenner

Mont-Cenis

1985
1990
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

11.2
13.6
13.2
13.6
11.7
13.7
15.0
14.9
16.8
15.8
14.2
14.3
16.1
15.6
16.2
15.5
15.5
11.6
14.4
14.4

2.8
4.3
4.7
4.4
4.0
4.3
4.3
3.5
3.8
4.8
4.8
5.6
6.8
8.1
9.0
9.7
9.9
9.2
9.6
11.3

4.7
5.5
8.3
8.4
7.9
7.8
8.6
8.3
8.7
10.7
10.5
10.7
10.7
10.0
11.6
13.3
14.0
13.1
14.4
14.1

7.5
7.2
7.7
8.0
9.7
10.1
9.3
8.4
8.6
8.6
8.6
7.8
6.4
5.2
4.8
5.7
4.6
2.4
3.0
3.4

'85/'00
'00/'10
'10/'11

2.7%
1.5%
0.0%

2.1%
11.5%
17.7%

4.2%
4.9%
2.1%

total
26.2
30.6
33.9
34.4
33.3
35.9
37.2
35.1
37.9
39.9
38.1
38.4
40.0
38.9
41.6
44.2
44.0
36.3
41.4
43.2

average annual change

0.9%
8.9%
13.3%

2.5%
1.3%
4.3%

PyreneeS Crossing Freight Traffic (**)

Spain France
West coast

Hendaye Irun

1995
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012

1.333
1.800
1.800
1.739
1.766
1.900
1.833
1.866
1.586
1.251
0.934

million tonnes
East coast

Total
pure rail

Intermodal
rail

2.220
2.800
2.400
2.413
2.518
2.663
2.670
2.605
2.114
1.877
1.751

3.553
4.583
4.188
4.161
4.284
4.563
4.503
4.471
3.700
3.128
2.685
2.511
2.843
2.868

1.970
2.995
2.739
3.033
2.841
3.050
3.074
3.366
1.575
1.443
1.181
1.171
1.437
1.562

Cerbre /
Port Bou

73
Sources: (*) Swiss Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications
(UVEK), (**) Observatorio hispano-francs de Trfico en los Pirineos, Spain, estimates (in italics)

2.4.16

TRANSPORT
Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators

Title
Rail:

Channel subtitle
Tunnel Traffic
United Kingdom France
Shuttle
Vehicles

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012

Passenger
thousand
thousand
cars
coaches
1223
23.0
2077
58.0
2329
54.0
3351
97.0
3260
82.0
2784
79.5
2530
75.5
2336
71.9
2279
71.9
2101
63.5
2047
77.3
2022
67.2
2142
65.3
1907
55.8
1917
54.5
2125
56.5
2263
56.1
2424
59.0

Passengers
Freight

(1)

thousand

million

391
519
268
705
839
1133
1198
1231
1285
1281
1309
1296
1415
1254
769
1089
1263
1465

4.2
7.9
8.6
12.2
10.8
10.1
9.3
8.7
8.5
7.8
8.2
7.7
7.9
7.0
6.9
7.5
7.9
8.4

Through-train

1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012

Passengers

Freight

million

thousand
tonnes
1411
2361
2925
3141
2865
2947
2447
1464
1744
1899
1588
1569
1214
1239
1181
1128
1325
1227

2.920
4.866
6.004
6.307
6.593
7.130
6.947
6.603
6.315
7.277
7.454
7.858
8.261
9.113
9.220
9.529
9.680
9.912

Notes: The Channel Tunnel opened in 1994. (1) Since 2000, estimate based
on 2.52 passengers per car and 38.75 passengers per coach.
74
Sour ces: Eur ot unnel, est imat es (in ita lics )

TRANSPORT
I nfrastructure

2.5
2.5.1

Road:

Length of Motorways
km (at end of year)
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

1990

1995

2000

2005

2009

2010

41885
39616
2269
1666
273
357
611
10854
41
26
190
4976
6824
6193
120
421
78
267
2092
1445
257
316
113
228
192
225
939
3181
291
83
281
73
1148

47970
45468
2502
1666
277
414
796
11190
65
70
421
6962
8275
6435
167
394
123
335
2208
1596
246
687
113
293
198
394
1262
3383

54719
51490
3229
1702
319
501
923
11712
93
103
615
9049
9766
6478
257
417
114
448
2265
1633
358
1482
113
427
296
549
1499
3600
411

107
1197

144
1270

62218
57995
4223
1747
331
564
1032
12363
99
247
1047
11432
10798
6542
276
417
147
859
2600
1677
552
2341
228
569
328
693
1700
3629
792
216
1667
11
264
1358

68242
62848
5394
1763
418
729
1130
12813
100
663
1166
14021
11163
6661
257
309
152
1273
2631
1696
849
2705
321
747
391
765
1891
3674
1097
251
2036
11
344
1406

69468
63763
5705
1763
437
734
1130
12819
115
900
1191
14262
11392
6668
257
309
152
1477
2651
1719
857
2737
332
771
416
779
1927
3673
1126
251
2080
11
381
1406

Notes: ES: autopistas de peaje and autovas y autopistas libres;

CY: from 2006: without urban M-ways;
NL: all national roads (Rijkswegen) with dual carriageways.
75
S o urc e s:
: Eurostat, Inte rnati onal Road Feder at ion, Unit ed Nat ions Economic
C o m mi ssi on for Europe , national st at ist ics, est im at es (in it alics)

TRANSPORT
I nfrastructure

2.5.2

Road:
Title

Length ofsubtitle
Road Network
km (end of 2010)
Motorways

Main or
Secondary or
national roads regional roads Other roads (*)

BE

1763

13229

1349

138869

BG

437

2970

4030

12019

CZ

734

6225

48763

DK

1130

2705

DE

12819

39710

178253

EE

115

4003

12440

42072

IE

900

4780

11631

78958

EL

1191

9299

30864

75600

ES

14262

15103

136422

501053

FR

11392

9754

377769

651202

IT

6668

20856

158895

68986

CY

257

2186

2753

4248

LV

1653

5316

58173

14591

LT

309

6366

LU

152

837

74919
70336

50781
1891

HU

1477

6821

23330

MT

184

665

1379

NL

2651

2470

7863

124707

AT

1719

10469

23654

88666

PL

857

17751

154634

232880

167939

PT

2737

5966

4420

RO

332

16220

35221

30613

SI

771

817

5143

32342

SK

416

3507

14052

25351

FI

779

12550

13574

51258

SE

1927

13507

83031

117487

UK

3673

49024

122620

244311

HR

1126

6929

10936

10342

MK

251

660

3772

9300

TR

2080

31395

31390

302398

IS

11

4930

2950

5010

NO

381

10496

44281

38732

CH

1406

384

18040

51622

Notes: (*) The definition of road types varies from country to country, the data are
therefore not comparable. Other roads sometimes include roads without
a hard surface. IE and EL: end of 2009. MT: end of 2005 (except for motorways).

76
Sources: International Road Federation, national statistics, estimates (in italics)

TRANSPORT
I nfrastructure

2.5.3

Railways:
Title

Length of
subtitle
Lines in Use
km
1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 2010 2011

km

of which:
electrified

2011

EU-27 235242 227139 217857 212384 212693 212789 213574 113531

EU-15 162132 160037 152446 150316 151213 151551 152492 86027
EU-12 73110 67102 65411 62068 61480 61238 61082 27504
3479
3368
3471
3544
3578
3582
3558
3008
BE
4299
4294
4320
4154
4150
4097
3947
2862
BG
9430
9444
9614
9477
9468
9470
3208
CZ
2838
2863
2787
2646
2646
2646
2629
621
DK
40981 41718 36588 34221 33714 33707 33576 19826
DE
1026
1021
787
792
132
968
968
919
EE
1944
1954
1919
1919
1919
1919
1919
52
IE
2484
2474
2385
2576
2552
2552
2554
438
EL
14539 14308 14347 15015 15330 15837 15932
9615
ES
34070 31939 29272 29286 29903 29871 30884 16321
FR
16066 16003 16187 16545 17004 17022 17045 12120
IT
CY
2397
2413
2331
2270
1884
1897
1865
257
LV
2007
2002
1905
1771
1767
1767
1767
122
LT
271
275
274
275
275
275
275
262
LU
7838
7714
8005
7950
7892
7893
7906
2996
HU
MT
2798
2739
3016
3016
2107
2802
2797
2886
NL
5624
5672
5665
5691
5356
5039
5021
3416
AT
26228 23986 22560 19507 19764 19702 19725 11817
PL
3064
2850
2814
2844
2842
2842
2793
1629
PT
11348 11376 11015 10948 10776 10777 10777
4032
RO
1196
1201
1201
1228
1228
1228
1209
500
SI
3660
3662
3658
3623
3665
3622
3624
1578
SK
5867
5854
5732
5919
5880
5919
5944
3172
FI
11193 10925 11037 11017 11138 11149 11213
8121
SE
16914 17069 17044 16208 16151 16175 16134
5319
UK
2429
2726
2726
2722
2296
2722
2722
984
HR
696
699
699
699
699
699
699
234
MK
8429
8671
8697
9080
8549
9594
9642
2789
TR
IS
4044
4023
4413
4334
4151
4199
4154
2551
NO
3215
3232
3216
3399
3599
3597
3574
3573
CH

53.2
56.4
45.0
84.5
72.5
33.9
23.6
59.0
16.7
2.7
17.1
60.4
52.8
71.1
13.8
6.9
95.3
37.9
69.9
68.0
59.9
58.3
37.4
41.4
43.5
53.4
72.4
33.0
36.1
33.5
28.9
61.4
100.0

Notes: DE: includes DE-E: 1970 = 14250, 1980 = 14248, 1990 = 14031.
CS: 1970 = 13308, 1980 = 13131, 1990 = 13111.
(These are included in EU-27 and EU-12 totals).
77
S o urc e s: U ni on Inte rnati onale des Chem ins de Fer, nat ional st at ist ics,
E uro s t at, e sti mate s (in italics)

TRANSPORT
I nfrastructure

2.5.4

Railways:
Title

High-Speed
subtitle
Rail Network
Length of lines (*)
km (at end of year)
BE

DE

ES

FR

IT

NL

1985

419

UK

224

1990

90

710

EU
643

224

1024

1995

447

471

1281

248

2447

2000

72

636

471

1281

248

2708

2003

137

875

1069

1540

248

74

3943

2004

137

1196

1069

1540

248

74

4264

2005

137

1196

1090

1540

248

74

4285

2006

137

1285

1272

1540

876

74

5184

2007

137

1285

1511

1872

562

113

5480

2008

137

1285

1599

1872

744

113

5750

2009

209

1285

1604

1872

923

120

113

6126

2010

209

1285

2056

1896

923

120

113

6602

2011

209

1285

2144

2036

923

120

113

6830

2012

209

1334

2144

2036

923

120

113

6879

Note: Length of lines or of sections of lines on which trains can go faster than 250 km/h
at some point during the journey.

High-speed lines currently under construction

DE
DE
DE
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
FR
FR
FR
FR

LINE

Length km

Offenburg-Basel
Grbers-Erfurt
Nrnberg-Erfurt
Barcelona-Figueres
(Madrid)/Alicante/Murcia/Castellon
Vitoria-Bilbao-San Sebastian
Variante de Pajares
Bobadilla-Granada
La Corua-Vigo
Navalmoral-Cacere-Badajoz-Fr. Port
Sevilla-Cadiz
Hellin-Cieza(Variante de Camarillas)
Sevilla-Antequera
LGV EST-Europenne (second phase)
LGV Bretagne-Pays de la Loire
LGV Sud Europe Atlantique
Counternement Nimes-Montpellier

112
98
218
132
470
175
50
109
158
278
152
27
128
122
214
341
80

Start of
operation
2015
2015
2017

2015
2016
2016
2017

Note: The length indicated above is the length of the line under construction
and not necessarily the distance between the places named.
78
Sources: Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer (updated July 2012),
high-speed department; national sources

TRANSPORT
I nfrastructure

2.5.5

Railways:
Title

Main Railway Gauge subtitle

and Electric Current Used

Track Gauge
mm

DC volts

BE

1435

BG

1435

CZ

1435

3000

DK

1435

DE

1435

EE

1520

3000
8001200
(contactrail)
3000

IE

ES
(*)

1600
600
1000
1435
1000
1435
1668

FR

1000
1435

EL

3000

Electric current
AC volts
25000

50 Hz

25000

50 Hz

25000

50 Hz

25000

50 Hz

15000

16.7 Hz

25000

50 Hz

25000

50 Hz

25000

50 Hz

25000

50 Hz

1500

1500
3000

IT

1435

750850
(contactrail)
1500
3000

CY

LV

1520

3000

LT

1520

25000

50 Hz

LU

1435

25000

50 Hz

HU

1435

25000

50 Hz

MT

NL

1435

1500

AT

1435

15000

16.7 Hz

PL

3000
25000

50 Hz

RO

1435
1000
1668
1435

25000

50 Hz

SI

1435

3000

SK

1435

3000

25000

50 Hz

FI

1524

25000

50 Hz

SE

1435
1435
1600
(N-IRL)
1435

PT

UK
HR

15000

16.7 Hz

750
(contactrail)

25000

50 Hz

3000

25000

50 Hz

Notes: 1435 mm = standard gauge.

(*) ES: new lines have a gauge of 1435 mm and an electric current of 25000 volts, 50 Hz.
UK: (N-IRL): Northern Ireland.
79
S o urc e s: U ni on Inte rnati ona le des Chem ins de Fer, r ailw ay companies

TRANSPORT
I nfrastructure

2.5.6

Title
Air:

Numbersubtitle
of Airports

by number of passengers carried (*) per year

EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

more
than
5 to
1 to
500000 to 100000
15000
10 million 10 million 5 million 1 million to 500000 to 100000
29
32
98
33
109
63
28
27
81
31
99
58
1
5
17
2
10
5
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
5
3
10
4
6
14
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
5
2
10
8
5
4
15
4
5
6
3
4
12
3
26
10
2
6
15
5
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
5
4
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
2
8
2
1
5
2
14
7
4
6
10
4
11
8
3
2
1
1
1
3
2
9
5
11
9
1
1
1
6
4
17
12
2
1
2

Notes: (*) Passengers carried do not include direct transit passengers

(i.e. transit passengers who stay on board and continue their flight
with the same flight number). Airports are grouped according to 2011
passenger volumes (except for DE: 2010). In this table, blank means none.
80
Sour ces: Eur ost at , nat io na l sou rces

TRANSPORT
I nfrastructure

2.5.7

Inland Waterways:
Title
Length
subtitle
In Use

Navigable canals, rivers and

lakes regularly used for transport
km
1990
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

26565
1515
470
4350
6197
1366
369
37
1373
5046
351
3997
1782
2379
6072
1631
933
-

2000

2005

2007

2008

2009

2010

40091
31120
8971
1534
470
664
6754
320
5789
1477
380
37
1373
6183
351
3813
1779
172
7842
1153
720
-

40915
31995
8920
1516
470
664
7565
320
5788
1562
290
37
1587
6082
351
3638
1779
172
8029
1065
804
-

40741
31648
9093
1516
470
664
7565
320
5444
1562
441
37
1587
6074
351
3660
1779
172
8049
1050
804
-

40474
31366
9108
1516
470
664
7565
335
5200
1562
441
37
1587
6102
351
3660
1779
172
7983
1050
804
-

40443
31316
9127
1516
470
676
7565
335
5132
1562
448
37
1587
6101
351
3660
1779
172
8002
1050
804
-

40590
31464
9126
1516
470
676
7728
335
5110
1562
448
37
1587
6104
351
3659
1779
172
8006
1050
805
-

Note: DE: includes DE-E: 1970 = 2300, 1980 = 2302, 1990 = 2319.

81
S o ur c e : Eurostat, estimates (in italics)

TRANSPORT
I nfrastructure

2.5.8

Title
Pipelines
subtitle

Length of oil pipelines

km
1990
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

1995

2000

2005

2009

2010

35256
23011
12245
294
578
675
330
2370
267
3833
5746
4328
860
500
2032
418
777
2278
147
4807
515
4501
610
155
3065
1189
108

37139
24190
12949
294
578
675
330
2370
267
4213
6199
4291
860
500
2207
418
1214
2360
147
5260
509
4447
610
144
3065
1189
108

37389
24436
12953
294
578
674
330
2370
267
4365
6293
4291
860
500
2209
418
1214
2362
147
5260
510
4447
610
144
3038
1260
108

18309

20631

301
578

294
578
581
330
2460
3691
4983
4235
766
400
2071
391
777
2278
3546
515
3470
601

33958
22162
11796
294
578
675
330
2370
3780
5746
4346
766
500
2061
418
777
2278
147
4423
515
3954
601

1126
3701
239

2112
7908
108

444
2222
2678
4948
4086
766
2574
391
777
2039
3694
2462
865

239

Notes: Including oil pipelines under the sea.

DE: Crude oil pipelines only; includes DE-E: 1970 = 1300, 1980 = 1301, 1990 = 1323km.
CS: 1970 = 1090, 1980 = 1090, 1990 = 1090, 1991 = 1090, 1992 = 1083 km.
82
Sour c es : Eur ost at , nat ional st at ist ics, est imat es (in ita lics )

TRANSPORT
M eans of T ransport

2 . 6
2.6.1

Road:

Motorisation
Number of passenger cars per thousand inhabitants
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

1990

1995

2000

2005

2009

2010

2011

change
10/11

345
406
140
387
152
234
309
461
154
228
170
309
476
483
304
106
133
477
187
337
367
388
138
185
56
294
166
388
419
361

380
435
190
421
196
295
320
495
269
276
207
360
481
533
335
134
199
556
218
487
364
452
195
255
97
357
189
371
411
378
155
145
49
445
386
457

417
465
242
456
245
335
347
475
339
348
292
431
503
572
384
236
336
622
232
483
409
511
261
336
124
435
237
412
450
425
253
148
65
561
411
492

448
489
296
468
329
386
362
493
367
400
387
463
497
590
463
324
428
655
287
525
434
504
323
397
156
479
242
462
459
469
312
124
80
625
437
518

473
502
360
479
331
422
383
510
407
432
454
478
500
603
573
402
509
660
301
563
460
521
432
419
198
517
293
519
460
470
346
137
98
646
462
515

477
505
368
482
347
427
389
517
412
424
461
480
501
606
575
286
521
659
299
573
452
528
451
421
202
518
307
535
460
470
343
151
102
643
469
518

483
509
381
490
368
436
394
525
428
417
461
482
502
610
545
300
570
658
298
589
470
535
470
447
203
519
324
551
464
466
345
152
109
645
477
523

1.2
0.8
3.5
1.6
6.1
2.2
1.2
1.4
3.9
1.5
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.7
5.2
5.0
9.2
0.1
0.3
2.8
3.8
1.2
4.2
6.1
0.6
0.2
5.4
3.0
0.8
0.7
0.5
0.8
6.1
0.3
1.6
1.0

468
380
442

Notes: Passenger car stock at end of year n has been divided by the population
on 1 January of year n + 1.
83
S o urc e : Tabl e s 2 .6.2 and 1 . 5

TRANSPORT
M eans of T ransport

2.6.2

Road:
Title

Passenger
subtitleCars
Stock of registered vehicles
thousand
1990

1995

2000

2005

2009

2010

2011

EU-27 163048 181751 200868 220223 236040 239087 242241

EU-15 148041 161539 175513 189611 198863 201131 203106
EU-12 15007 20212 25355 30612 37178 37956 39135
BE
3864 4273 4678 4919 5193 5276 5407
BG
1317 1648 1993 2538 2502 2602 2695
CZ
2410 3043 3439 3959 4435 4496 4582
DK
1590 1679 1854 1965 2120 2164 2198
DE 36772 40499 39059 40660 41738 42302 42928
EE
241
383
464
494
546
553
574
IE
801
998 1333 1684 1931 1899 1913
EL
1736 2205 3195 4303 5132 5217 5204
ES 11996 14212 17449 20250 21983 22147 22277
FR 27072 27872 29808 30497 31394 31622 31876
IT 27416 30301 32584 34667 36372 36751 37113
CY
179
220
268
355
461
463
470
LV
283
332
557
742
904
637
612
LT
493
718 1172 1455 1695 1692 1713
LU
183
229
273
307
332
337
346
HU
1944 2245 2365 2889 3014 2984 2968
MT
120
181
189
213
233
239
245
NL
5509 5633 6539 7092 7622 7736 7859
AT
2991 3594 4097 4157 4360 4441 4513
PL
5261 7517 9991 12339 16495 17240 18125
PT
1849 2560 3443 4200 4457 4692 4712
RO
1292 2197 2778 3364 4245 4320 4335
SI
587
711
866
960 1059 1062 1066
SK
880 1016 1274 1304 1589 1669 1749
FI
1939 1901 2135 2430 2777 2877 2978
SE
3601 3631 3999 4154 4301 4335 4401
UK 20722 21951 25067 28326 29152 29334 29382
HR
711 1125 1385 1533 1515 1518
MK
286
300
253
282
310
313
TR
3059 4422 5773 7094 7545 8113
IS
120
119
159
187
205
205
206
NO
1613 1685 1852 2029 2244 2309 2376
CH
2985 3229 3545 3861 4010 4076 4163
LI
17
19
22
24
26
27
27

%
change
10/11

1.3
1.0
3.1
2.5
3.6
1.9
1.6
1.5
3.9
0.7
0.3
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.6
3.8
1.3
2.5
0.5
2.4
1.6
1.6
5.1
0.4
0.3
0.5
4.8
3.5
1.5
0.2
0.2
0.9
7.5
0.7
2.9
2.1
1.6

Note: Stock at end of year, except for BE: 1 August, CH: 30 September, LI: 1 July.
Taxis are usually included. HR: since 2009 light vans have been included
in passenger cars and no longer in Goods Vehicles.
84
Sources: Eurostat, national statistics, United Nations Economic Commission
for Europe, estimates for Europe, e st i mat es (in ita lics )

TRANSPORT
M eans of T ransport

2.6.3

Road:
Title

Buses subtitle
and Coaches
Stock of registered vehicles
thousand
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH
LI

1990

1995

2000

2005

2009

2010

2011

change
10/11

738.2
480.1
258.1
15.6
34.6
20.5
8.1
100.4
7.9
4.0
21.4
45.8
73.7
77.7
2.3
12.1
15.2
0.8
26.4
1.0
12.1
9.4
92.4
12.1
28.3
3.1
14.3
9.3
14.6
75.0
5.8
2.3
188.1
1.3
21.2
31.2

752.9
483.7
269.3
14.6
41.8
20.5
13.7
85.4
7.0
5.3
24.6
47.4
81.8
75.0
2.7
16.5
17.6
0.9
20.5
1.0
11.6
9.8
85.4
15.0
42.0
2.5
11.8
8.1
14.6
75.9
3.9
2.5
263.2
1.3
32.5
36.5

776.8
523.3
253.5
14.7
43.0
19.0
14.0
77.2
6.1
7.0
27.0
54.7
85.7
88.0
2.9
11.5
15.5
1.1
17.9
1.1
11.4
9.9
82.6
19.8
40.7
2.3
10.9
9.9
14.4
88.6
4.7
2.5
354.3
1.7
36.7
40.3
0.1

790.3
548.5
241.8
15.4
37.8
20.9
14.4
75.2
5.2
7.6
26.8
58.2
90.1
94.4
3.2
10.6
15.3
1.3
17.5
1.1
11.0
9.3
79.6
14.7
39.3
2.3
9.1
10.9
13.5
105.6
4.9
2.3
501.9
1.9
28.8
45.8
0.1

820.5
576.3
244.1
16.1
25.1
20.7
14.5
76.4
4.1
8.6
27.3
62.7
95.8
98.7
3.4
9.7
13.8
1.6
17.7
1.2
11.6
9.6
95.4
15.5
41.2
2.4
9.4
13.0
13.4
111.5
5.1
2.5
585.1
1.9
21.5
50.7
0.1

819.3
579.2
240.1
16.2
24.5
20.4
14.5
76.5
4.2
8.2
27.3
62.4
96.9
99.9
3.4
5.4
13.7
1.6
17.6
1.2
11.3
9.6
97.0
15.6
40.9
2.4
9.4
13.7
13.9
111.5
4.9
2.7
595.5
1.9
20.3
52.8
0.1

820.2
578.6
241.5
16.1
23.7
20.4
14.0
76.0
4.2
8.3
27.1
62.4
98.2
100.4
3.5
5.2
13.5
1.7
17.3
1.2
11.0
9.6
100.3
15.5
40.9
2.4
9.1
14.2
13.9
110.2
4.8
2.6
609.3
2.0
19.2
55.4
0.1

0.1
0.1
0.6
0.8
3.5
0.1
3.3
0.6
0.3
0.4
0.7
0.1
1.3
0.5
1.7
3.6
1.3
4.0
2.1
5.8
2.6
0.5
3.4
0.6
0.0
0.9
3.0
3.9
0.5
1.2
0.7
2.2
2.3
2.9
5.4
5.1
0.0

Notes: Stock at end of year, except for BE: 1 August, CH: 30 September, LI: 1 July.
Data include buses, coaches, minibuses and sometimes also trolley buses.
85
Sources: Eurostat, national statistics, United Nations Economic
Commission for Europe, estimates (in it alics)

TRANSPORT
M eans of T ransport

2.6.4

Road:
Title

Goods
subtitle
Vehicles
Stock of registered vehicles
thousand
1990

1995

2000

2005

2009

2010

2011

EU-27
22612.8 26808.0 30783.3 33353.2 33603.9 33980.5
EU-15 17395.4 19650.4 22965.4 26059.1 27636.0 27743.6 27916.5
EU-12
2962.4 3842.5 4724.2 5717.2 5860.3 6064.0
BE
380.4 442.5 548.4 652.1 724.1 737.5 761.2
BG
161.6 223.2 259.4 333.9 317.8 333.5 347.6
CZ
219.3 298.3 439.2 601.8 598.0 597.2
DK
286.6 333.8 384.9 469.5 507.9 485.1 469.2
DE 1653.0 2378.7 2419.1 2404.9 2556.0 2619.4 2713.0
EE
67.7
65.6
82.1
86.2
81.1
81.2
84.3
IE
143.2 141.8 205.6 286.5 343.9 327.1 321.0
EL
766.4 883.8 1057.4 1186.5 1302.4 1318.8 1321.3
ES 2401.1 3024.2 3923.2 4849.6 5342.9 5303.5 5256.8
FR 4670.0 4926.0 5151.7 5346.7 5238.6 5249.3 5251.2
IT 2207.9 2509.9 3087.0 3785.9 4102.6 4141.8 4181.9
CY
74.3 101.2 114.7 118.4 124.1 120.7 118.0
LV
68.7
97.1 113.1 120.6
71.6
72.6
LT
83.0 108.9
98.6 122.5 146.3 133.9 136.8
LU
11.3
15.8
24.7
29.6
34.7
35.6
36.8
HU
262.0 292.1 366.4 427.6 466.7 464.9 465.7
MT
40.8
51.5
44.4
47.2
47.6
48.4
NL
553.0 654.0 899.0 1004.5 1017.3 1004.0 990.7
AT
261.8 302.9 344.5 358.0 388.0 396.8 407.5
PL
1354.1 1879.1 2304.5 2796.8 2981.6 3130.7
PT
781.0 912.3 1313.2 1308.0 1337.0 1337.0 1335.5
RO
258.7 343.1 427.2 493.8 661.9 667.2 696.3
SI
30.8
42.9
54.3
66.4
83.6
84.1
84.6
SK
92.0 102.6 114.0 174.2 269.3 276.0 281.8
FI
264.2 252.0 304.3 363.6 443.9 464.4 488.9
SE
309.5 307.7 374.2 461.2 514.6 526.4 548.3
UK 2706.0 2565.0 2928.3 3552.4 3782.1 3796.9 3833.2
HR
73.5 122.5 162.9 164.8 157.7 154.9
MK
22.6
24.6
18.0
18.4
18.2
17.8
TR
830.0 1351.8 2152.0 2932.3 3125.4 3339.6
IS
13.1
14.8
19.4
25.5
30.9
30.4
30.2
NO
308.3 349.5 414.3 465.4 524.2 527.0 534.3
CH
252.1 262.4 278.5 307.2 327.8 335.2 348.6
LI
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

%
change
10/11

1.1
0.6
3.5
3.2
4.2
0.1
3.3
3.6
3.9
1.9
0.2
0.9
0.0
1.0
2.2
1.5
2.1
3.3
0.2
1.7
1.3
2.7
5.0
0.1
4.4
0.6
2.1
5.3
4.1
1.0
1.8
2.3
6.9
0.7
1.4
4.0
3.5

Notes: Stock at end of year, except for BE: 1 August. CH: 30 September. LI: 1 July.
As a rule, data include heavy and light goods vehicles, lorries and road tractors;
due to varying concepts of such vehicles, data are not fully comparable
between countries. HR: since 2009 light vans have been included in passenger cars
and no longer in Goods Vehicles.
86
Sources: Eurostat, national statistics, United Nations Economic Commission
for Europe, estimates (in ita lics )

TRANSPORT
M eans of T ransport

2.6.5

Road:
Title

Poweredsubtitle
Two-wheelers
Stock of registered vehicles
thousand
1995
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH
LI

519.3
915.2
58.0
3995.5
3.3
23.5
1301.2
2289.0
6228.3
50.4
15.8
20.0
28.4
17.4
855.0
546.4
929.0
216.3
327.7
8.5
81.8
159.5
264.2
714.0
9.9
819.9
1.9
158.6
704.1

2000

2005

2009

2010

2011

23367.4 29703.5 34048.4 34229.0 34681.7

20805.5 27127.6 30673.9 30698.0 30932.8
2561.9 2575.9 3374.5 3531.0 3748.9
277.8
346.3
403.9
418.9
434.0
520.5
146.5
117.6
125.4
131.8
748.1
794.0
903.3
924.3
944.2
138.3
171.9
205.2
203.6
200.6
4438.1 5202.9 5866.8 5870.9 6004.2
6.7
10.2
18.6
19.7
23.2
30.6
34.3
39.6
38.1
36.6
781.4 1124.2 1448.9 1499.1 1534.9
1445.6 4117.6 4958.9 4997.7 5027.5
2410.0 2475.3 3532.0 3561.0 3439.4
7826.9 9298.4 9018.1 8855.0 8935.4
43.3
40.4
42.7
40.7
39.8
20.7
32.5
52.0
36.7
38.6
19.8
24.0
51.4
56.3
60.1
32.8
37.7
41.3
42.1
43.3
91.2
122.7
142.0
142.3
147.4
12.4
12.0
14.4
14.8
15.5
970.8 1112.9 1579.1 1664.3 1675.1
632.7
627.7
712.1
727.9
743.4
803.0 1091.2 1808.7 1935.1 2102.2
345.9
588.4
533.3
498.0
497.0
239.2
197.4
80.0
85.2
90.1
11.2
48.7
88.4
91.0
92.2
45.6
56.4
55.4
59.6
63.9
193.4
301.8
456.2
486.8
516.0
310.1
453.1
571.9
570.2
578.5
971.0 1235.0 1306.8 1264.4 1266.8
21.9
128.4
184.5
176.8
175.0
1.7
9.1
7.8
8.4
1011.3 1441.1 2303.3 2389.5 2527.2
2.3
4.2
9.4
9.7
9.9
201.6
257.5
306.8
315.5
323.5
732.6
770.3
806.6
815.7
833.9
2.6
3.1
3.6
3.7
3.8

%
change
10/11

1.3
0.8
6.2
3.6
5.1
2.2
1.5
2.3
17.9
4.1
2.4
0.6
3.4
0.9
2.3
5.3
6.8
3.0
3.6
4.6
0.6
2.1
8.6
0.2
5.8
1.3
7.2
6.0
1.4
0.2
1.0
7.9
5.8
2.8
2.5
2.2
0.5

Notes: Stock at end of year, except for BE: 1 August. CH: 30 September.
LI: 1 July. National vehicle stock data do not always include all powered
two-wheelers and are therefore not fully comparable between countries.
Tricycles and quads are sometimes included in the data. Break in time series
due to inclusion of mopeds since 2001 in ES, 2002 in SI and HR,
2004 in LV, 2005 in PL, 2007 in LT, 2011 in EE.
87
S o urc e s: Nati onal stati sti c s , A s s ociat ion des Const r uct eur s Eur opens
de M otoc y c l e s ( AC EM ) .

TRANSPORT
M eans of T ransport

2.6.6

Road:
Title

Passenger
subtitleCars
New vehicle registrations
thousand
2000
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

14319.1
515.2

112.7
3378.3
230.8
290.2
1381.3
2133.9
2423.1
8.2

41.9

597.6
309.4
257.8

134.6
290.5
2221.7
92.4

13.6
97.4
316.5

2005

2009

2010

2011

2012

%
change
11/12

15092.2 14179.6 13392.0 13167.1 12063.0 8.4

14111.9 13299.0 12554.6 12347.4 11297.1 8.5
980.3
880.6
837.4
819.7
765.9 6.6
480.1
476.2
547.3
572.2
487.4 14.8
32.7
25.0
15.6
18.6
19.8
6.0
151.7
167.7
169.6
173.6
174.0
0.2
146.9
112.2
153.6
170.0
170.5
0.3
3319.3 3807.2 2916.3 3173.6 3082.6 2.9
19.6
9.9
10.3
17.1
19.4
13.8
171.7
57.5
88.4
89.9
79.5 11.6
269.7
219.7
141.5
97.7
58.5 40.1
1528.9
952.8
982.0
808.1
699.6 13.4
2067.8 2302.4 2251.7 2204.2 1898.8 13.9
2237.4 2159.5 1961.6 1749.1 1402.1 19.8
19.2
15.9
15.1
14.7
11.0 25.2
16.6
5.4
6.4
11.0
10.7 2.9
10.5
7.5
8.0
13.2
12.2 8.1
48.5
47.3
49.7
49.9
53.0
6.3
199.0
60.2
43.5
45.1
50.4
11.8
6.6
5.9
4.1
5.4
5.9
8.4
465.2
387.2
482.6
555.8
502.7 9.6
307.9
319.4
328.6
356.1
336.0 5.7
235.5
320.2
333.5
297.9
271.2 9.0
206.5
161.0
223.5
153.4
95.3 37.9
172.5
130.2
106.3
94.6
72.1 23.7
59.3
58.0
61.1
60.2
50.1 16.8
57.1
74.7
64.0
68.3
69.2
1.4
147.9
88.3
107.3
121.2
107.2 11.6
274.3
213.4
289.7
305.0
279.5 8.4
2439.7 1995.0 2030.8 1941.3 2044.6
5.3
102.1
53.3
406.8
18.1
109.9
264.9

358.0
2.1
98.7
288.6

485.6
3.1
127.8
266.0

5.0
138.3
292.5

7.9
138.0
317.0

57.4
0.3
2.9

Note: RO: Sales.

88
S ourc e s: A ssoc i ati on des Const r uct eur s Eur opens d Aut omob iles (ACE A) ,
nat ional sour ces, est imat es (in ita lics )

TRANSPORT
M eans of T ransport

2.6.7

Road:
Title

goods
subtitle
vehicles
New vehicle registrations
Light commercial
vehicles

7.5

1491625 1382389

7.3

105263

94324 10.4

64049

57020 11.0

2927

3118

2011 2012
76930

2011 2012

change
11/12

2011 2012
1596888 1476713

>16t
change
11/12

EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
IS
NO
CH

Heavy Commercial
Vehicles

>3.5t & <16t

change
'11/'12

<3.5t

Commercial
Vehicles

5.1

196336 182063

7.3

72531

2438

2146 13.4

1436

1214

7795

6805 12.7

6.5

13377

11628 13.1

23600

24053

1.9

384

233617 219508

6.0

35943

5.7

5999

5942

407 22.0

3164

3305

1.0
4.5

32317

4.8

60218

54534

9.4

52

2435

2752

13.0

52

4.0

694

689

0.7

10868

10325

5.0

690

681 22.2

807

909

12.6

6357

3707 41.7

283

114 83.4

264

97 63.3

104374

76387 26.8

3410

2549 28.7

12896

10482 18.7

426652 381233 10.6

9501

9217

19.9

39864

36461

8.5

172265 213143

23.7

6581

7030

15.3

14166

14911

5.3

1395 46.3

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

2596
1755

2236

27.4

110

90

52.5

1280

1419

10.9

1824

1600 12.3

124

122

76.8

2638

2637

0.0

3592

3424

4.7

193

175

19.0

1153

11446

10952

4.3

417

388

24.0

3884

3949

552 60.3

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)
10159

1392

893 22.5
1.7

58653

56543

3.6

1753

1562

7.5

11172

32563

31505

3.2

899

847

6.1

6446

5745 10.9

45511

38425 15.6

2550

2352 47.7

14555

13059 10.3

34877

16002 54.1

651

318 57.3

2088

1571 24.8

10531

10741

2.0

561

937

25.6

1574

2863

5753

5760

0.1

173

164 18.4

1209

5165

543

9.6

596

14346

5716

11463 20.1

1085

46280

39294 15.1

9.1

81.9

933 22.8

7.5

3211

3103

853 15.6

2345

2376

1.3

934

806

6.2

5018

4977

0.8

8.0

12185

13509

21.7

28940

28838

0.4

21.2

17

25

66.7

29

57

96.6

35513

31848 10.3

1842

1850

19.1

3268

4013

22.8

30387

32509

1205

1267

26.3

3275

2984

8.9

259532 238782
344

417

7.0

3.4

Note: (1) Data included under 'Light commercial vehicles'.

89
Sources: Association des Constructeurs Europens dAutomobiles (ACEA),
national sources

TRANSPORT
M eans of T ransport

2.6.8

Road:
Title

Buses subtitle
and Coaches
New vehicle registrations
Buses &
coaches

Heavy busES
& coaches

<3.5t

>3.5t & <16t

>16t

TOTAL

2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012

EU-27
EU-15 3018
EU-12
BE
0
BG
732
CZ
0
DK
344
DE
18
EE
0
IE
99
EL
8
ES
FR
3
IT
0
CY
44
LV
1
LT
5
LU
HU
3
MT
6
NL
AT
6
PL 1555
PT
RO
688
SI
0
SK
0
FI
14
SE
161
UK 2365
IS
22
NO
6
CH
313

3032
4
690
7
271
27
1
58
9

12
45
11

4
1713
618
2
17
135
2495
36
44
468

%
change
'11/'12

Light buses &

coaches

38192 39411
3.2
8760 10537 21402 20898 33180 34467
3.9
5012 4944 1.3
171
270
537
416
708
690 2.5
( 1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
732
690 5.7
165
130
554
451
719
588 18.2
164
169
294
324
802
764 4.7
775
986 4249 4126 5042 5139
1.9
65
55
30
100
95
156 64.2
25
39
58
222
182
319 75.3
47
70
43
39
98
118 20.4
712
613 1961 1371 2673 1984 25.8
1295 1203 5508 4859 6806 6062 10.9
1878 1754 4030 4591 5908 6357
7.6
( 1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
44
45
2.3
170
67
16
9
187
87 53.5
86
106
18
39
109
145 33.0
26
10
162
149
188
159 15.4
52
23
97
20
152
45 70.4
185
0
19
9
210
9 95.7
3
10
226
249
229
259 13.1
109
118
487
610
602
732 21.6
0
352
1555 2065 32.8
151
94
187
133
338
227 32.8
46
109
48
14
782
741 5.2
45
59
78
33
123
94 23.6
69
99
235
180
304
279 8.2
196
258
191
264
401
539 34.4
200
363 1269 1020 1630 1518 6.9
3008 4580 2200 2525 7573 9600 26.8
8
4
4
28
34
68 100.0
401
412
938
775 1345 1231 8.5
113
123
511
347
937
938
0.1

Notes: (1) Figures included in other categories.

90
S ourc e s: A ssoc i ati on des Const r uct eur s Eur opens d Aut omob iles (ACE A) ,
Eur ost at , nat ional sour ces, est im at e s (in ita lics )

TRANSPORT
M eans of T ransport

2.6.9

Road:
Title

Motorcycles
subtitle
New vehicle registrations
thousand
2000
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

1333.2
25.3
1.1
3.9
3.3
252.6
0.1
3.8
64.0
72.0
179.6
524.6

0.4
1.3

19.6
23.8
17.7
1.2
5.2
18.4
121.9
0.5
0.2
50.8

2005

2009

2010

2011

change
10/11

1334.6
1296.0
38.6
25.0
4.8
7.6
5.8
168.7
0.3
2.4
83.1
205.6
196.6
420.5
2.5
0.4
1.7
1.3
12.5
0.4
16.8
19.1
3.8
11.2
0.8
2.5
1.2
9.2
22.8
108.1
6.7
0.1
227.7
1.1
6.2
45.1

1245.2
1194.4
50.7
26.4
6.8
7.2
5.2
139.0
0.5
1.4
69.2
134.6
200.0
445.6
3.1
0.4
3.9
1.6
4.0
0.6
18.3
23.7
9.4
13.5
8.6
3.8
2.3
8.8
11.8
95.2
4.7
4.8
138.9

1103.2
1062.8
40.4
26.4
4.9
5.4
3.1
122.3
0.5
1.1
61.5
135.3
231.6
320.4
3.1
0.4
2.9
1.6
3.2
0.6
15.2
21.4
8.7
18.9
5.7
2.7
2.3
9.5
13.2
81.3
2.9

941.8
905.5
36.4
25.0
4.7
6.1
2.1
127.0
0.3
0.8
44.7
119.4
185.1
253.6
2.5
0.5
3.4
1.3
2.1
0.7
11.6
22.8
9.0
18.9
3.0
2.1
2.0
5.7
8.2
79.1
2.7

14.6
14.8
10.0
5.2
4.1
11.8
31.6
3.8
35.6
25.3
27.4
11.7
20.1
20.9
17.4
8.0
17.6
16.4
34.9
31.3
23.6
6.1
2.7
0.1
47.7
19.5
15.5
40.1
37.5
2.7
4.4

106.9

191.9

79.5

4.3
34.7

4.0
33.7

3.7
37.5

6.0
11.3

Notes: CY: new and used;

IT: all two-wheelers over 50 cc;
RO: including mopeds.
91
S o urc e s: A ssoc i ati on de s C o ns t r uc t eur s Eur opens de Mot ocycles (ACEM),
E uro s t at, nati onal sourc e s

TRANSPORT
M eans of T ransport

2.6.10

Road:
Title

Mopeds
subtitle
New vehicle deliveries
thousand
2000
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

2005

1094.9

673.0

33.2

17.3

9.8
108.7
3.0
19.2
248.6
192.3
311.8

8.0
4.9
97.3
8.0
0.8
24.1
115.1
154.9
128.3
2.1
0.6

0.5

0.5

66.9
21.3

40.9
27.7
23.3

15.0

6.4
10.0
48.2

3.1
2.0
20.9
15.4
24.7
13.2

11.9
3.1

2009

2010

2011

change
10/11

758.8
630.5
128.3
17.0
3.8
4.3
17.4
74.7
0.0
0.4
20.4
44.0
157.0
114.4
1.4
0.6
3.5
0.6
5.9
0.8
93.8
26.1
94.0
5.7
7.3
4.6
2.1
21.1
21.4
16.4
10.6

646.9
551.3
95.6
14.2
2.9
2.9
16.3
64.9
0.0
0.2
18.8
34.2
144.5
88.4
0.5
1.0
1.2
0.7
4.7
0.2
93.7
24.9
72.2
4.6
4.8
3.5
1.8
17.9
13.3
14.5
6.4

581.9
494.9
87.1
12.1
1.7
2.1
10.5
57.4
0.0
0.2
17.3
23.3
146.4
75.4
0.4
1.3
1.3
0.9
3.0
0.2
82.1
23.9
69.3
3.8
2.5
3.5
1.6
17.3
9.9
14.5
5.4

10.0
10.2
8.9
14.7
41.7
24.9
35.5
11.7
81.3
2.4
8.3
32.0
1.4
14.8
2.2
38.5
11.8
26.5
34.9
2.2
12.3
4.0
4.1
18.4
47.7
0.5
12.0
3.8
25.3
0.4
16.9

2.4

1.5

1.5

2.0

9.0
9.4

8.1
8.4

8.5
9.1

4.9
9.0

Notes: CY: new and used.

92

S ourc e s: A ssoc i ati on des Const r uct eur s Eur opens de Mot ocy cles (ACE M) ,
national sources, estimates (in italics). Official statistics on mopeds are often
unav ai l abl e , the re fore dat a and est imat es should be consider ed as ind ica t ive.

TRANSPORT
M eans of T ransport

2.6.11

Title
Sea:

EU Merchant
subtitle Fleet
Ships of 1000 grt and over
On 1 January 2011
Total fleet
controlled

Foreign flag
% of
(inCluding foreign flag
other EU) in total fleet

National
flag (1)

Number mio dwt Number mio dwt Number mio dwt Number mio dwt
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

11769

460.399

3524

142.224

8245

318.175

11038
731
173

444.625
15.774
12.206

3300
224
68

137.263
4.961
5.930

7738
507
105

307.362
10.813
6.276

60.7

51.4

34

0.490

0.020

31

0.470

91.2

95.9
100.0

0.004

0.004

100.0

864

34.048

315

13.408

549

20.640

63.5

60.6

3757

114.712

406

17.309

3351

97.403

89.2

84.9

91

0.346

19

0.066

72

0.280

79.1

80.9

42

0.371

17

0.116

25

0.255

59.5

68.7

3165

202.056

748

64.423

2417

137.633

76.4

68.1

250

4.574

106

1.302

144

3.272

57.6

71.5

247

8.391

112

2.981

135

5.410

54.7

64.5

762

22.868

556

16.478

206

6.390

27.0

27.9

277

9.069

133

4.440

144

4.629

52.0

51.0

79

1.227

0.015

74

1.212

93.7

98.8

55

0.331

33

0.251

22

0.080

40.0

24.2

16

1.098

16

1.098

100.0

100.0

16

0.051

14

0.045

0.006

12.5

11.8

681

7.352

496

4.598

185

2.754

27.2

37.5

0.048

0.012

0.036

71.4

75.0
99.4

112

2.777

0.018

104

2.759

92.9

36

0.863

21

0.082

15

0.781

41.7

90.5

40

0.729

0.102

32

0.627

80.0

86.0
100.0

25

0.746

25

0.746

100.0

0.004

0.004

0.0

0.0

130

1.916

80

0.806

50

1.110

38.5

57.9

291

6.157

102

1.136

189

5.021

64.9

81.5

617

27.965

271

8.682

346

19.283

56.1

69.0

106

3.456

73

2.447

33

1.009

31.1

29.2

0.009

0.009

100.0

100.0

1219

19.660

547

7.797

672

11.863

55.1

60.3

19

0.112

0.001

17

0.111

89.5

99.1

1440

40.847

493

13.825

947

27.022

65.8

66.2

152

3.938

37

1.129

115

2.809

75.7

71.3

Notes: ( ) Including international registers like NIS and DIS. Including vessels registered
in territorial dependencies.
Russia: 1291 ships, 18.369 mio dwt; Monaco: 73 ships, 3.853 mio dwt;
Ukraine: 335 ships, 2.112 mio dwt; Gibraltar: 10 ships, 0.171 mio dwt.
1

93
S o urc e : IS L , base d on quart er ly updat es fr om IHS Fair play

TRANSPORT
M eans of T ransport

2.6.12a

Title
Sea:

World Merchant
subtitle
Fleet
Total controlled fleet by world region
dwt (million)
On 1 January:
World region

1995

2000

2005

2009

2010

2011

Europe (*)

311.246 350.136 400.947 507.666 518.276 552.970

of which: EU-27

223.564 257.975 316.850 417.895 432.246 460.399

of which: EU-15

207.543 247.549 305.030 402.884 417.610 444.625

North America

51.024

49.413

45.414

52.244

50.539

56.033

Latin America

18.691

15.679

14.422

13.990

30.867

47.055

Asia / Oceania
Africa
Unknown
Total

246.722 292.722 361.311 497.788 532.446 560.390

6.742

7.121

5.142

5.040

37.956

38.115

52.687

67.647

6.981

7.586

86.555 116.621

672.381 753.226 879.923 1144.375 1225.665 1340.655

Share of EU in Total and of Foreign Flag in EU

EU-27 control of total

33.2%

34.2%

36.0%

36.5%

35.3%

34.3%

EU-15 control of total

30.9%

32.9%

34.7%

35.2%

34.1%

33.2%

EU-27: Foreign flag share (**) 56.5%

68.1%

67.8%

69.4%

69.4%

69.1%

EU-15: Foreign flag share (**) 57.7%

67.7%

67.0%

69.3%

69.3%

69.1%

Note: Only ships of 1000 gt and over.

(*) In this table Europe includes EU-27, EFTA, Monaco, Gibraltar, Andorra, Turkey,
Western Balkan countries, Russia, Ukraine and Moldova.

(**) Foreign flag share includes ships registered by EU countries in other EU countries.

94
Sou r c e: ISL, based on quar t er ly updat es fr om I H S Fa irp la y

TRANSPORT
M eans of T ransport

2.6.12b

Title
Sea:

World Merchant
subtitle
Fleet
For transport of goods and passengers:
fleet by type of ship and country of domicile
On 1 January 2011
Number

dwt (thousand)

(ships of 1000 gt and over)

WORLD EU-27

WORLD EU-27

Total fleet

38433

11769

31

1340656 460404

34

Tankers

10294

3093

30

520700 179057

34

8345

2561

31

471197 166764

35

of which:
Oil tankers
Chemical tankers

637

123

19

6277

1033

16

1312

409

31

43226

11260

26

Bulk carriers

8242

2245

27

527663 150701

29

Container ships

4845

2510

52

183671

99380

54

12887

3220

25

102576

29040

28

Single-deck

7331

1894

26

56403

16271

29

Multi-deck

2675

541

20

18483

3759

20

Ro-Ro Cargo

804

284

35

5940

4036

68

Reefer

927

244

26

5940

2135

36

Special

1150

257

22

15810

2839

18

2165

701

32

6046

2227

37

Liquid gas tankers

General cargo
of which:

Passenger and passenger cargo

For transport of goods and passengers /

CARGO SHIPS BY REGISTERED FLAG
On 1 January 2011flag, numbers and gross tons
Number
(ships of 300 gt and over)
Total passenger and
passenger/cargo ships
Cargo passenger and Ro-Ro
passenger ships
Passenger (not Ro-Ro)
Cruise ships*
(ships of 1000 gt and over)

WORLD EU-27

gt (thousand)
%

WORLD EU-27

4131

1265

31

34815

15599

45

2556

862

34

17322

10068

58

1575

403

26

17493

5531

32

298

107

36

16606

5568

34

Notes: No deadweight figure is given for cruise ships, since dwt is a measure
of the weight admissible in the vessel.
Ro-Ro: vehicles roll on to embark, vehicles roll off to disembark.
Reefer: refrigerated ships.
(*) In mid 2011. EU-27: On 1 January 2010.
95
S o urc e : Insti tute for Shi ppi ng Ec onom ics and Logist ics, Br emen

TRANSPORT
M eans of T ransport

2.6.13

Title
Air:

passenger
subtitle
aircraft
Number of Civil Aircraft In Service
On 31 December 2012

EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH
LI

50 seats
or fewer
414
342
72
14
9
7
22
21
7
4
12
24
78
4
5
5
6
4
6
6
9
8
13
12
7
2
5
34
90

1
14
34
22

Passenger aircraft

51 to 150
seats
1303
1146
157
36
10
21
34
264
7
30
17
95
134
74
2
23
6
10

151 to 250
seats
1742
1623
119
18
14
13
27
273
1
340
28
136
126
130
9
6

6
76
57
48
29
24
6
4
46
33
211
13

2
38
5
62
40
18
43
12
1
2
20
11
367
3

43
2
79
40

246
17
83
93

251 seats
and more
494
491
3
9

5
90
7
1
45
100
23

41
7
3
11

15
3
134

36
3

TOTAL
3953
3602
351
77
33
41
88
648
15
381
58
300
438
231
11
34
11
18
42
17
185
113
77
96
48
14
8
86
81
802
16
326
33
199
155

Notes: More than 30000 small private planes not included.

In this table blank means none.
96
Source: As cen d

TRANSPORT
M eans of T ransport

2.6.14

Title
Air:

freight, special,
subtitle
business aircraft
Number of Civil Aircraft In Service

EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH
LI

under
100000 lbs
mtow
184
142
42
8
4

over
100000 lbs (pass./cargo)
mtow
Multi-role
187
55
183
52
4
3
20
3
1

BUSINESS /
CORPORATE /
EXECUTIVE

QUICKCHANGE
CONVERTIBLE

FREIGHT / CARGO

SPECIAL
PURPOSE /
AMBULANCE

On 31 December 2012

89
83
6

2
4
10
1

2063
1872
191
64
17
33
72
407
10
28
26
97
137
121
8
8
5
76
6
41
26
257
15
148
11
22
15
21
40
352
2

90

12
181
5

3
3
12
1
16
5
40
8
7
7
15
7

11
56

8
23

4
9
14
1

9
15
4

1
3
1

16
11

15
1
1

2
1

37
23
8

11

3
5
1
2

1
4

20
14

1
9
17
4

1
14

Notes: Special purpose / Ambulance: contains data about Hospital /

Ambulance / Medevac and Special Role / Operations / Mission aircraft.
mtow: maximum take-off weight.
In this table blank means none.

97
S o urc e : A sc e nd

TRANSPORT
M eans of T ransport

2.6.15

Title
Rail:

Locomotives
subtitle
and Railcars
Stock of vehicles
%
1990
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

65715
43444
22271
1727
1119
524
14437
300
166
400
1922
7279
4818
739
389
97
2040
2372
1543
6801
530
4515
358
669
1350
5610
563
92
897
502
1254

2000

17460
1670
762
3596
415
9656
194
172
244
1693
7158
4697
433
419
124
1453
1965
1530
5293
589
3440
300
1570
735
887
480
101
849
299
1528

2005

2009

2010

2011

47546
33062
14484
1518
669
3163
464
7742
170
412
289
1946
7354
4674
358
365
145
1385
2078
1500
4723
439
2186
261
1204
702
622
3177
377
73
735
289
2198

61491
47323
14168
1341
712
2746
538
15337
76
572
301
1670
6758
4691
196
317
157
1458
2027
1660
4590
436
2649
269
1155
641
632
10562
347
67
660
207
2265

59567
46906
12661
1341
624
2258
495
15613
81
572
301
1732
6768
4494
196
275
104
1275
2411
1233
4421
275
2229
267
1035
644
213
10710
284
63
673
544
1745

59269
46736
12533
1266
474
2408
332
15492
75
374
301
2052
6293
3862
202
290
87
1282
2427
1933
4179
433
2117
405
1101
643
205
11036
273
63
744
593
1752

change
10/11

0.5
0.4
1.0
5.6
24.0
6.6
32.9
0.8
7.4
34.6
0.0
18.5
7.0
14.1
3.1
5.5
16.3
0.5
0.7
56.8
5.5
57.5
5.0
51.7
6.4
0.2
3.8
3.0
3.9
0.0
10.5
9.0
0.4

Notes: Data relate to main railways (UIC members). Since 2010 a new split between
Railcars and trainset has been introduced by UIC. Values in this table are
obtained by summing the declared values of locomotives (diesel + electric)
and railcars (diesel + electric) therefore data are not fully comparable.
DE: includes DE-E: 1970 = 5000, 1980 = 4506, 1990 = 6331.
CS: 1970 = 4998, 1990 = 6010.
98
S ourc e : U ni on Int er nat ionale des Chem ins de Fer, est imat es (in ita lics )

TRANSPORT
M eans of T ransport

2.6.16

Title
Rail:

Passenger Transport
subtitle
Vehicles
stock of coaches, railcars and trailers
%
1990
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

2000

957
1747

30818
3494
2099
5252
1590
21097
241
421
505
3765
15656
11914
702
563
149
3232
2742
3468
9761
1303
6234
461
2273
1003
1000

1052
175
1443
900
4136

720
164
1415
918
3333

3286
2386
1594
24139
596
314
810
3839
15748
14025
1226
664
114
4385
2268
3689
11928
1232
6352
606

2005

2009

2010

2011

98929
75305
23624
3251
1558
4895
1473
20169
183
581
564
5239
15879
10066
490
467
185
2787
852
3112
7725
1125
3310
401
1808
1084
791
10934
579
125
1312
191
4293

102320
79811
22509
3412
1602
4553
1737
18607
189
592
793
5253
16524
12474
491
340
187
3071
2531
2995
6945
1043
3312
360
1646
1033
879
11751
523
110
1313
191
4470

102168
80284
21884
3412
1369
4514
1307
18565
189
592
718
5665
16890
12465
491
337
214
3136
2824
2974
6926
965
3037
355
1530
1071
871
11751
523
64
1342
210
4949

96549
76792
19757
3290
741
4463
767
17849
189
592
718
5061
16842
10743
491
268
210
2931
2854
2860
6691
953
2059
355
1569
1102
807
12144
519
64
1347
212
4822

change
10/11

5.5
4.3
9.7
3.6
45.9
1.1
41.3
3.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.7
0.3
13.8
0.0
20.5
1.9
6.5
1.1
3.8
3.4
1.2
32.2
0.0
2.5
2.9
7.3
3.3
0.8
0.0
0.4
1.0
2.6

Notes: Data relate to main railways (UIC members).

DE: includes DE-E: 1970 = 10000, 1980 = 10761, 1990 = 9635.
CS: 1970 = 10145, 1990 = 8597.
99
S o urc e s: U ni on Inte rnati ona le des Chem ins de Fer, nat ional st at ist ics,
es ti m a te s ( i n i tal i c s)

TRANSPORT
M eans of T ransport

2.6.17

Title
Rail:

Goods Transport
subtitle Wagons
Stock of vehicles

1990
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

2000

2004

2005

2009 (*) 2010 (*) 2011 (*)

825398
516764 421261 293729 282394 212972 230032 217571
30332
18790
18782
17375
11612
11612
11612
42459
29720
16382
16511
12743
11751
5390
58524
44805
44545
29194
27416
27314
4632
2236
366724 189558 237313 158247 113657 108840 106727
5857
20352
18971
2982
2958
2981
1830
1856
833
926
502
502
10967
3453
3497
3491
3158
3158
37687
26452
25542
23842
12447
14337
13732
148100
94789
99372
95738
29028
25314
20322
99728
70115
54598
45730
38500
30331
28493
11085
9146
8706
8871
6043
6038
6126
12860
13155
13134
13192
9561
9238
9212
2719
2626
3206
3222
3895
3895
3895
23528
19783
19130
11700
11700
11700
6697
4700
34330
23970
22262
22655
27147
28605
17412
275582 130116
76785
75164
72725
68151
65102
4579
4162
3544
3495
3194
3170
166086 117982
64299
65175
46878
72605
69285
8692
6258
4627
4465
3905
3211
3142
26975
24856
16370
17241
16964
17319
15200
12630
11738
11216
10524
10464
10364
17596
13649
13649
27470
34403
13720
9986
7376
7330
5857
6674
6063
1501
1525
1323
1144
1007
17872
16004
17499
17607
17773
18200
21941
27104

19894

18917

18339

9142

8794

8289

Notes: Data relate to main railways (UIC members).

(*) Not including private-owners' vehicles; not fully comparable
with data from previous years.
DE: includes DE-E: 1970 = 137984; 1980 = 142202; 1990 = 163158.
100
Sourc e s: U ni on Int er nat ionale des Chem ins de Fer, nat ion a l st a t is t ics
(ow n est im ates in ita lics )

T ransport
S afety

2.7
2.7.1

Road Fatalities
%
1990 2000 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011
EU-27
EU-15
EU-12
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

75977
55888
20089
1976
1567
1291
634
11046
436
478
2050
9032
11215
7151
116
947
933
70
2432
4
1376
1391
7333
2646
3782
517
731
649
772
5402
1360
6317
24
332
954

56427
41421
15006
1470
1012
1486
498
7503
204
418
2037
5777
8079
7061
111
635
641
76
1200
15
1082
976
6294
1877
2466
314
628
396
591
3580
655
162
5510
32
341
592

45346
31384
13962
1089
957
1286
331
5361
170
400
1658
4442
5318
5818
102
442
773
47
1278
17
750
768
5444
1247
2629
258
606
379
440
3336
597
143
4505
19
224
409

38941
25430
13511
944
1061
1076
406
4477
132
280
1555
3100
4275
4731
82
316
499
35
996
15
677
679
5437
885
3061
214
622
344
397
2645
664
162
4236
12
260
357

34814
23457
11357
944
901
901
303
4152
98
239
1456
2714
4273
4237
71
254
370
48
822
21
644
633
4572
840
2796
171
380
279
358
2337
548
160
4324
17
214
349

31030
21247
9783
812
776
802
255
3648
78
212
1258
2479
3992
4090
60
218
300
32
740
15
537
552
3908
937
2377
138
371
272
266
1905
426
162
4045
8
208
328

30268
20861
9407
858
657
772
220
4009
101
186
1141
2060
3963
3860
71
179
296
33
638
21
546
523
4189
891
2018
141
324
292
319
1960
418
172
3835
12
168
320

change change
'10/'11 '01/'11

2.5
11.1
17.2
5.7
15.3
3.7
13.7
9.9
29.5
12.3
9.3
16.9
0.7
5.6
18.3
17.9
1.3
3.1
13.8
40.0
1.7
5.3
7.2
4.9
15.1
2.2
12.7
7.4
19.9
2.9
1.9
6.2
5.2
50.0
19.2
2.4

44.3
48.2
33.0
42.3
35.0
42.1
49.0
42.5
49.2
54.9
39.3
62.7
51.4
45.6
27.6
67.9
58.1
52.9
48.5
31.3
45.0
45.4
24.3
46.6
17.6
49.3
47.2
32.6
45.3
45.5
35.4
60.7
12.6
50.0
38.9
41.2

Notes: Persons killed are all persons deceased within 30 days of the accident.
Corrective factors have been applied to the figures which did not follow
this definition.
101
S o urc e s:
: From 19 9 1 : C A RE dat abase (DG Mobilit y and Tr anspor t ),
I n te rn ati onal Transport F or um , nat ional sour ces. 1990: IRTAD (OECD)

T ransport
S afety

2.7.2

Road FatalitiesTitle
Country Rankings
subtitle

Fatalities
2011
per million
inhabitants
UK
31
NL
33
SE
34
DK
39
IE
41
ES
45
DE
49
MT
51
FI
54
SK
60
EU-27
60
AT
62
FR
63
IT
64
LU
64
HU
64
SI
69
CZ
74
EE
75
BE
78
CY
83
PT
84
LV
87
BG
89
RO
94
HR
95
LT
98
EL
101
PL
109

per 10 billion pkm

SE
29
UK
30
NL
38
IE
40
DK
42
DE
44
FI
44
FR
48
LU
49
IT
55
SI
55
ES
60
EU-27
61
AT
69
BE
74
MT
92
EE
95
LT
97
PT
105
EL
109
CZ
112
CY
117
SK
118
HU
119
PL
131
BG
134
LV
152
HR
159
RO
259

per million
passenger cars
UK
67
NL
70
SE
73
MT
87
ES
93
DE
94
LU
97
IE
98
FI
100
DK
101
IT
105
AT
117
FR
125
EU-27
126
SI
133
CY
152
BE
161
CZ
170
LT
174
EE
179
PT
189
SK
190
HU
214
EL
219
PL
237
BG
248
HR
276
LV
287
RO
466

Notes: Fatalities: all fatalities on the road: car drivers and passengers, bus and coach
occupants, powered two-wheelers riders and passengers, cyclists, pedestrians,
commercial vehicle drivers, etc. indicated in table 2.7.1 for 2011.
pkm: indicator of traffic volume (in the absence of consistent vehicle-kilometre
data); passenger-kilometres of cars indicated in table 2.3.4 for 2011 plus
(mostly estimated) passenger-kilometres of motorised two-wheelers.
Inhabitants: the sum of the population indicated in table 1.5 at 1 January 2011
and 1 January 2012 divided by two.
Passenger cars: the sum of the stock of vehicles indicated in table 2.6.2
for 2010 and 2011 divided by two.
102
Sourc e: Tables 1.5, 2.3.4, 2.6.2, 2.7.1 and est im a t es a s w ell
as nat ional st at ist ics for power ed t w o-w h eeler p k m

T ransport
S afety

2.7.3a

Road Title
Fatalities

PASSENGER

PEDESTRIAN

OTHER/
NOT SPECIFIED

PEDESTRIAN
AS A % OF TOTAL

2011

DRIVER

BE

TOTAL

YEAR

by Type
subtitle
of User

858

623

123

111

12.9

10.7

BG

2011

657

310

199

149

22.7

22.2

CZ

2011

772

453

144

175

22.7

20.9

DK

2010

255

159

52

44

17.3

17.3

DE

2011

4009

2826

569

614

15.3

13.0

EE

2009

98

49

26

23

23.5

23.5

IE

2011

186

109

30

47

25.3

16.8

EL

2011

1141

713

205

223

19.5

14.2

ES

2011

2060

1292

389

380

18.4

19.0

FR

2011

3963

2763

681

519

13.1

12.1

IT

2010

4090

2837

639

614

15.0

15.0

CY

2011

71

50

13

18.3

21.7

LV

2011

179

81

38

60

33.5

32.3
32.7

LT

2011

296

125

61

111

37.5

LU

2011

33

22

18.2

3.1

HU

2010

740

387

161

192

25.9

25.9

MT

2011

21

12

42.9

13.3

NL

2011

546

423

56

65

11.9

9.8

AT

2011

523

357

79

87

16.6

17.8

PL

2011

4189

1945

836

1408

33.6

31.6

PT

2011

891

531

161

199

22.3

20.8

RO

2011

2018

809

462

747

37.0

36.5

SI

2010

138

89

22

26

18.8

18.8

SK

2010

371

170

75

126

34.0

34.0

FI

2011

292

198

53

41

14.0

12.9

SE

2009

358

248

58

44

12.3

15.1

UK

2011

1960

1182

309

466

23.8

22.4

HR

2011

418

269

78

71

17.0

15.1

Notes: Persons deceased within 30 days of their accident.

'Driver' includes cyclists.
103
S o urc e : C A R E database ( DG Mobilit y and Tr anspor t )

T ransport
S afety

2.7.3b

Road Fatalities of
Title
Vehicle Occupants

LORRY,
<3.5 TONNES

MOTORCYCLE

MOPED

PEDAL CYCLE

AGRICULTURAL TRACTOR

OTHER OR UNKNOWN

127

20

68

30

29

42

27

23

15

77

63

14

22

11

26

DE

2011 3395 1986 10

88

86

708

70

399

17

31

EE

2009

75

54

1
5

BE

2011

747

455

BG

2010

582

475

CZ

2011

597

404

DK

2010

211

135

YEAR

BUS OR COACH

29

CAR AND TAXI

15

TOTAL

HEAVY GOODS
VEHICLE

by type
subtitle
of vehicle

IE

2010

167

129

17

EL

2011

919

475

10

51

305

34

13

25

ES

2011 1679

977

73

99

348

73

48

25

32

FR

2011 3444 2062

67

134

786

220

141

28

IT

2010 3476 1827

34

31

943

203

263

25

141

CY

2011

58

38

14

LV

2011

117

78

15

LT

2009

259

183

30

30

LU

2011

27

22

HU

2010

548

330 12

11

24

49

19

92

11

MT

2011

21

11

NL

2011

481

209

18

50

36

144

19

AT

2011

436

289

67

18

42

PL

2011 2781 1897 12

138

292

87

314

26

15

PT

2011

728

367

14

76

116

71

45

31

RO

2011 1271

780

25

64

69

87

140

92

SI

2010

82

44

17

17

SK

2010

245

171

19

27

27

FI

2011

251

172

29

10

19

SE

2009

324

229

47

11

20

UK

2011 1506

927

62

371

109

21

HR

2011

347

215

10

76

10

28

Note: Persons deceased within 30 days of their accident.

104
Sour ce: CARE dat abase (DG Mobilit y an d Tra ns p o rt )

T ransport
S afety

2.7.4

Road Title
Accidents
subtitle

Number of accidents involving personal injury

1990

1995

2000

2005

2009

2010

2011

EU-27 1487.61 1420.352 1491.223 1326.302 1188.989 1117.086 1115.406

EU-15 1342.80 1269.186 1343.887 1165.078 1042.087 984.044 983.683
EU-12 144.81 151.166 147.336 161.224 146.902 133.042 131.723
62.45 50.744 49.065 49.307 41.944 40.569 42.050
BE
6.48
7.435
6.886
8.224
7.068
6.610
6.640
BG
21.91 28.746 25.445 25.239 21.706 19.675 20.486
CZ
9.16
8.373
7.346
5.413
4.174
3.498
3.525
DK
389.35 388.003 382.949 336.618 310.667 288.297 306.266
DE
2.10
1.644
1.504
2.341
1.506
1.347
1.485
EE
6.07
8.117
7.749
6.533
6.615
5.779
5.230
IE
19.61 22.798 23.001 16.914 14.789 15.032 13.849
EL
101.51 83.586 101.729 91.187 88.251 85.503 83.027
ES
162.57 132.949 121.223 84.525 72.315 67.288 65.024
FR
161.78 182.761 256.546 240.011 215.430 211.404 205.638
IT
3.17
3.052
2.411
1.382
1.197
1.197
1.058
CY
4.33
4.056
4.482
9.310
3.160
3.193
3.386
LV
5.14
4.144
5.807
6.772
3.827
3.530
3.266
LT
1.22
1.145
0.899
0.775
0.869
0.787
0.962
LU
27.80 19.817 17.493 20.777 17.863 16.308 15.827
HU
0.24
0.969
1.253
0.848
0.636
0.577
0.348
MT
44.89 42.641 42.271 27.007 19.378 12.457 10.778
NL
46.34 38.956 42.126 40.896 37.925 35.348 35.129
AT
50.53 56.904 57.331 48.100 44.195 38.832 40.069
PL
45.11 48.339 44.463 37.066 35.484 35.426 32.541
PT
9.71
9.119
7.889 19.819 28.612 25.995 26.647
RO
5.18
6.567
8.951 10.509
8.717
7.659
7.133
SI
8.24
8.713
7.884
7.903
8.415
8.119
5.378
SK
10.18
7.812
6.633
7.020
6.414
6.072
6.408
FI
16.98 15.626 15.770 18.094 18.027 16.504 16.116
SE
265.60 237.336 242.117 203.712 169.805 160.080 157.140
UK
14.47
12.67
14.43
15.68
15.73
13.27
13.23
HR
2.30
2.44
1.67
2.82
4.35
4.22
4.46
MK
55.77
66.03
75.20
TR
0.56
1.06
0.98
0.67
0.88
0.88
0.85
IS
8.80
8.63
8.44
8.08
6.92
6.43
6.01
NO
23.83
23.03
23.74
21.71
20.51
19.61
18.99
CH

%
change
'10/'11

thousand

6.2
5.6
10.3
0.3
6.1
5.6
15.5
1.4
1.4
20.9
6.4
5.9
10.1
4.5
11.6
7.2
14.7
10.7
11.4
45.3
44.4
7.4
9.3
8.3
6.9
18.2
36.1
0.1
10.6
7.5
15.9
2.5
3.3
13.2
7.4

Note: The definition of an accident involving personal injury differs

from country to country.
105
S o urc e s: C A R E, U ni te d Nati o ns ( St at ist ics of r oad t r affic accident s),
n at i o n al stati sti c s

T ransport
S afety

2.7.5

RailwayTitle
Fatalities
subtitle

Number of railway passengers killed

in accidents involving railway
EU-27

1990 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
65
83
70
89
37
62
38

EU-15 165

117

91

75

EU-12
BE

BG
CZ

51

53

44

29

20

46

18

14

30

26

60

17

16

20

18

26

26

12

13

DK

DE

50

38

23

25

18

EE
IE

EL

20

ES

16

13

15

FR

30

15

12

10

IT

11

22

CY

LV
LT

LU

HU

33

11

14

10

MT

NL

AT

PL

21

20

11

15

10

PT

22

15

15

RO
SI

SK

FI

SE

UK

37

20

10

18

11

46

10

HR
MK
TR

17

IS

NO

32

CH

106
Sources: European Railway Agency (from 2006 onward for EU MS and NO),
Eurostat, Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer, national statistics

T ransport
S afety

2.7.6

Title
Air:

Lives
subtitle
Lost

Period

Lives lost over EU-27

territory by any operator

Lives lost by EU-27

operators anywhere

1990

47

1991

41

278

1992

154

143

1993

16

16

1994

1995

133

121

1996

20

1997

71

1998

19

62

1999

46

66

2000

113

113

2001

122

125

2002

101

25

2003

2004

2005

144

125

2006

2007

2008

154

154

2009

228

2010

2011

2012

19701979/yr.

312

328

19801989/yr.

179

128

19901999/yr.

51

74

20002009/yr.

65

78

20102012/yr.

Notes: Onboard fatalities, and only those in aircraft with a take-off mass above 5701kg.
Data include fatalities from Commercial Air Transport (passenger, cargo, air taxi,
ferry/positioning and emergency medical service) and fatalities from General
Aviation (only Business flights).
107
S o urc e : Europe an A vi ati on S afet y Agency

TRANSPORT
SAFETY

2.7.7

Title
Sea:

SHIPS LOST
subtitle
(WORLD)
SHiPS lOST (WORld)
yEAR

bUlkERS ANd
cOmbiNEd cARRiERS

TANkERS

OTHER SHiPS

1 000 gt

1 000 gt

1 000 gt

1996

13

58

14

247

59

294

1997

13

308

137

58

274

1998

26

11

160

62

323

1999

71

11

277

55

283

2000

10

173

21

394

68

248

2001

202

12

341

88

319

2002

10

119

10

234

77

454

2003

158

107

74

274

2004

18

104

103

62

277

2005

11

103

117

79

309

2006

11

35

397

70

294

2007

34

11

197

70

311

2008

105

105

55

259

2009

14

214

15

335

67

353

2010

12

35

16

431

82

375

2011

92

21

71

Note: Reported world total losses at time of loss; ships of 500 gt and over.
2011 values refer to mid-year.

108
Sourc e s: Ins t it ut e for Shipping Economics and Logist ics, Bremen

PART 3

Title

Energy and
environment
subtitle

Cars are still dominant,

but the pattern is changing.
The average European travelled
almost 9 500 km by car in 2010
that is 100 km less than in 2004!

8900 km

9000 km

9100 km

Source: EU Energy and Transport in Figures 2006

EU Transport in Figures 2012

9200 km

9300 km

9400 km

9500 km

9600 km

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

PART 3
suMMARY

3.1 Energy

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2 Environment

110

........................................................................

111
120

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

E nergy

3 . 1
3.1.1

Glossary
Conventional thermal power:
Technology for the production of electricity by combustion. May or may not also
include biomass use, which is also considered a renewable source of electricity.
Energy Dependency:
Energy dependency shows the extent to which a country relies upon imports
in order to meet its energy needs. It is calculated using the following formula:
net imports / (gross inland consumption + bunkers).
Energy Intensity:
Energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which energy is
being used to produce added value. It is defined as the ratio of Gross Inland
Consumption of energy to Gross Domestic Product.
Final Energy Consumption (FEC):
Final energy consumption is the energy finally consumed in the transport, industrial,
commercial, agricultural, public and household sectors. It excludes deliveries to the
energy transformation sector and to the energy industries themselves.
Gross Calorific Value (GCV):
The gross calorific value is the total amount of heat released by a unit quantity
of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen, and when the products of
combustion are returned to ambient temperature.
This quantity includes the heat of condensation of any water vapour
contained in the fuel and of the water vapour formed by the combustion
of any hydrogen contained in the fuel.
Gross Inland Consumption (GIC):
Gross inland consumption is the quantity of energy consumed within the borders
of a country. It is calculated using the following formula:
primary production + recovered products + imports + stock changes
- exports bunkers (i.e. quantities supplied to sea-going ships).
Net Calorific Value (NCV):
The net calorific value is the amount of heat released by a unit quantity
of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen, and when the products
of combustion are returned to ambient temperature.
This quantity does not include the heat of condensation of any water vapour
contained in the fuel or of the water vapour formed by the combustion
of any hydrogen contained in the fuel.
Primary Energy Production:
Primary energy production is the extraction of energy from a natural source.
The precise definition depends on the fuel involved:

Solid fuels: Hard coal, lignite

Quantities of fuels extracted or produced, calculated after any operation
for removal of inert matter. In general, production includes the quantities
consumed by the producer during the production process (e.g. for heating or
operation of equipment and auxiliaries) as well as any quantities supplied
to other on-site producers of energy for transformation or other uses.

111

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENERGY

3.1.1

Title
Glossary
subtitle

Crude oil:
Quantities of fuels extracted or produced within national boundaries,
including off-shore production. Production includes only marketable production,
and excludes any quantities returned to formation. Production includes
all crude oil, natural gas liquids (NGL), condensates and oil from shale
and tar sands, etc.
Natural gas:

Quantities of dry gas, measured after purification and extraction of
natural gas liquids and sulphur. The production includes only marketable
production, and excludes any quantities re-injected, vented and flared,
and any extraction losses. The production includes all quantities used
within the natural gas industry, in gas extraction, pipeline systems and
processing plants.
Nuclear heat:

Quantities of heat produced in a reactor. Production is the actual heat
produced or the heat calculated on the basis of the gross electricity
generated and the thermal efficiency of the nuclear plant.
Hydropower, Wind energy, Solar photovoltaic energy:

Quantities of electricity generated. Production is calculated on the basis of
the gross electricity generated and a conversion factor of 3600 kJ/kWh.
Geothermal energy:

Quantities of heat extracted from geothermal fluids. Production is
calculated on the basis of the difference between the enthalpy of
the fluid produced in the production borehole and that of the fluid
disposed of via the re-injection borehole.
Biomass / Wastes:
In the case of municipal solid wastes (MSW), wood, wood wastes and
other solid wastes, production is the heat produced after combustion
and corresponds to the heat content (NCV) of the fuel. In the case
of anaerobic digestion of wet wastes, production is the heat content
(NCV) of the biogases produced. The production includes all quantities
of gas consumed in the installation for the fermentation processes,
and excludes all quantities of flared gases. In the case of biofuels, the
production is the heat content (NCV) of the fuel.

Pumping, pumped storage:

Method for storing electrical energy at hydroelectric installations by pumping
water between reservoirs at different altitudes.
Renewable Energy Sources (RES):
Renewable energy includes hydroelectricity, biomass, wind, solar, tidal and
geothermal energy.
Tonne of oil equivalent (toe):
The tonne of oil equivalent is a conventional standardised unit for measuring
energy, defined on the basis of a tonne of oil with a net calorific value of
41868 kilojoules/kg.
1 ktoe = 1000 toe
1 Mtoe = 1000000 toe

112

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENERGY

3.1.2

Title Energy Content

Average Calorific Values
subtitle

kJ (NCV)

kgoe (NCV)

Hard coal

1 kg

1720030700

0.4110.733

Recovered hard coal

1 kg

1380028300

0.3300.676

Patent fuels

1 kg

2680031400

0.6400.750

Hard coke

1 kg

28500

0.681

Brown coal

1 kg

560010500

0.1340.251

Black lignite

1 kg

1050021000

0.2510.502

Peat

1 kg

780013800

0.1860.330

Brown coal briquettes

1 kg

20000

0.478

Tar

1 kg

37700

0.900

Benzol

1 kg

39500

0.943

Oil equivalent

1 kg

41868

Crude oil

1 kg

4160042800

0.9941.022

Feedstocks

1 kg

42500

1.015

Refinery gas

1 kg

50000

1.194

LPG

1 kg

46000

1.099

Motor spirit

1 kg

44000

1.051

Kerosenes, jet fuels

1 kg

43000

1.027

Naphtha

1 kg

44000

1.051

Gas diesel oil

1 kg

42300

1.010

Residual fuel oil

1 kg

40000

0.955

White spirit

1 kg

44000

1.051

Lubricants

1 kg

42300

1.010

Bitumen

1 kg

37700

0.900

Petroleum cokes

1 kg

31400

0.750

1 kg

30000

0.717

1 kWh

3600

0.086

Other petro. products

Electrical energy

113

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENERGY

3.1.3

Title Factors
Conversion
subtitle

ENERGY
TJ

Gcal

Mtoe

238.8

2.388 x 10 -5

0.2778

Gcal

4.1868 x 10 -3

1 x 10 -7

1.163 x 10 -3

Mtoe

4.1868 x 104

1 x 107

11630

GWh

3.6

860

Barrel

Litre

FROM:

TO:

TJ

8.6 x 10

GWh

-5

VOLUME
FROM:

TO:

Barrel

US gallon

UK gallon

158.99

42

34.9723

Litre

0.6290 x 10 -2

0.2642

0.2200

US gallon

0.2381 x 10

-1

3.7854

0.8327

UK gallon

0.2859 x 10 -1

4.5461

1.2009

TO:

Tonne

Long ton

Short ton

0.9842

1.1023

Mass
FROM:

Tonne (t)
Long ton (lt) UK

1.0160

1.1200

Short ton (st) US

0.9072

0.8929

Decimal prefixes
101
102
103
106
109
1012
1015
1018
114

deca (da)
hecto (h)
kilo (k)
mega (M)
giga (G)
tera (T)
peta (P)
exa (E)

10 -1
10 -2
10 -3
10 -6
10 -9
10 -12
10 -15
10 -18

deci (d)
centi (c)
milli (m)
micro ()
nano (n)
pico (p)
femto (f)
atto (a)

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENERGY

3.1.4

Title for EU-27

Energy Statistics
subtitle

1990

2000

2005

2009

2010

2011

Production
Solid fuels
Oil
Gas
Nuclear
Renewables
Industrial waste

942.75
368.25
131.69
163.50
205.21
70.34
3.77

942.93
214.60
173.49
208.08
243.84
96.44
6.49

899.53
196.03
134.20
188.81
257.52
115.77
7.20

819.29
166.08
109.94
153.24
230.77
148.69
10.58

837.49
163.80
102.74
156.36
236.56
166.85
11.18

807.21
167.43
89.48
140.31
234.01
162.33
13.65

Net Imports
Solid fuels
Oil
Gas
Electricity
Renewables
Derived heat

754.92
80.63
535.75
135.05
3.34
0.16

825.12
97.78
532.79
192.53
1.69
0.34
0.00

983.22
124.44
600.30
257.29
0.97
0.21
0.00

941.01
110.09
557.62
267.90
1.30
4.10
0.00

951.81
110.26
560.36
275.68
0.30
5.19
0.02

939.68
118.08
548.52
266.25
0.01
6.75
0.07

Gross Inland Consumption

Solid fuels
Oil
Gas
Nuclear
Renewables
Other (**)

1665.09 1724.90 1824.79 1702.06 1759.39

453.24 320.79 317.17 267.83 279.56
632.93 661.38 680.02 621.96 617.48
295.92 393.93 446.00 416.95 441.97
205.21 243.84 257.52 230.77 236.56
70.68
96.77 115.92 152.68 172.33
7.10
8.18
8.17
11.88
11.50

1697.66
285.46
597.87
397.57
234.01
169.03
13.73

Elec. Generation (TWh)

2586.28 3025.24 3310.64 3203.50 3346.23 3279.57

Mtoe

Final Energy Consumption

1076.51 1121.48 1191.86 1110.14 1152.50
by fuel/product
Solid fuels
125.52
61.67
54.28
43.07
49.57
Oil
444.57 483.52 499.77 461.93 457.07
Gas
228.81 266.21 284.51 252.47 268.78
Electricity
184.90 216.59 238.18 232.01 242.66
Renewables
37.83
47.85
54.31
70.12
78.22
Derived heat & Industrial waste
54.88
45.64
60.82
50.53
56.20
by sector
INDUSTRY
366.62 330.13 331.76 266.79 289.62
TRANSPORT
281.41 340.89 366.36 366.43 365.12
Rail
8.15
8.08
7.81
7.30
7.40
Road
235.77 279.65 299.08 300.24 299.74
International aviation
24.07
38.49
43.44
43.76
43.16
Domestic aviation
5.39
6.44
6.59
6.13
6.27
Domestic navigation
6.15
6.07
6.70
6.42
6.09
Consumption in pipeline
1.87
2.17
2.75
2.57
2.45
transport, etc.
HOUSEHOLDS
273.48 292.34 303.10 294.28 307.82
33.69
29.13
28.64
25.87
25.95
AGRICULTURE
SERVICES, ETC.
121.30 128.97 162.00 156.76 163.99
CO2 emissions (Mt) (*)
Energy intensity (toe/M'05)
CO2 intensity (tCO2/toe)
Import dependency,%
RES share in transport, % (***)

4600.8 4365.8 4551.0 4063.1 4173.8

204
171
165
150
152
2.76
2.53
2.49
2.39
2.37
44.4
46.7
52.4
53.8
52.6
4.20
4.72

1103.26
48.81
444.57
241.06
237.97
76.80
54.04
287.07
364.08
7.32
297.58
44.49
6.03
5.93
2.75
272.74
24.52
154.85
144
53.8

Notes: (*) Source: European Environment Agency, August 2012; including Bunkers; (**) Electrical
Energy and Industrial Waste; (***) Renewables share in transport, according to the definition
in the Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources .

115

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ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENERGY

3.1.5

Final Energy
Title
Consumption

EU-27 1103.3 287.1 364.1 297.6

7.3

50.5

5.9

2.7 452.1 272.7

Services, etc.

Agriculture

Households

Households,
Services, etc.

Consumption in pipeline transport, etc.

Inland
navigation

Air

Railways

Road

Transport

Industry

All sectors

by Sector
subtitle
2011 (Mtoe)

24.5 154.9

Share 100.0% 26.0% 33.0% 81.7% 2.0% 13.9% 1.6% 0.8% 41.0% 60.3% 5.4% 34.3%
BE

38.9

13.3

10.7

8.9

0.2

1.5

BG

9.3

2.7

2.9

2.5

0.0

0.2

CZ

24.6

8.6

6.3

5.6

0.2

0.4

DK

14.7

2.4

5.1

3.9

0.1

DE 207.1

60.0

62.3

51.8

0.2

0.0

14.9

7.4

0.8

6.7

0.2

3.6

2.4

0.2

1.0

0.0

0.2

9.7

5.9

0.6

3.3

0.9

0.2

0.1

7.2

4.4

0.8

2.0

1.8

8.4

0.3

0.1

84.8

52.9

0.8

31.1

EE

2.8

0.6

0.8

0.7

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.5

0.9

0.1

0.4

IE

10.8

2.2

4.3

3.6

0.0

0.7

0.0

0.0

4.3

2.7

0.3

1.3

EL

18.8

3.3

7.7

6.0

0.0

1.0

0.7

0.0

7.8

5.4

0.3

2.1

ES

86.5

21.2

36.0

28.6

0.8

5.8

0.8

0.1

29.3

16.2

2.1

11.0

FR 148.1

30.4

50.1

41.6

0.9

6.6

0.5

0.4

67.6

36.9

4.3

26.4

IT 122.3

30.1

42.0

35.9

0.4

4.0

1.1

0.7

50.1

31.3

2.9

15.9

0.7

0.3

0.0

0.3

CY

1.9

0.2

1.0

0.7

LV

4.0

0.7

1.2

1.0

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

2.1

1.3

0.2

0.6

LT

4.7

0.9

1.5

1.4

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

2.2

1.5

0.1

0.6

LU

4.3

0.7

2.7

2.3

0.0

0.4

0.9

0.4

0.0

0.4

HU

16.3

2.8

4.3

3.9

0.1

0.2

9.2

5.5

0.5

3.1

MT

0.4

0.0

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

NL

50.7

14.2

15.3

11.3

0.2

3.6

0.2

0.0

21.2

9.8

3.3

8.2

AT

27.3

8.7

8.7

7.5

0.2

0.7

0.0

0.3

9.9

6.4

0.5

2.9

PL

64.7

16.2

17.8

16.7

0.4

0.5

0.0

0.3

30.8

19.0

3.6

8.1

PT

17.3

5.3

6.9

5.7

0.0

1.1

0.1

0.0

5.1

2.8

0.4

1.9

RO

22.6

7.1

5.2

4.5

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

10.3

7.9

0.4

2.0

SI

5.0

1.2

1.9

1.9

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.8

1.2

0.1

0.5

SK

10.8

4.3

2.7

2.1

0.0

0.0

0.5

3.9

2.1

0.2

1.6

FI

25.2

11.2

5.0

4.0

0.1

0.8

0.2

0.0

8.9

5.0

0.7

3.2

SE

32.2

11.1

9.1

7.8

0.2

0.9

0.1

12.0

7.0

0.5

4.5

UK 132.0

15.6

0.3

27.6

52.1

37.4

1.0

12.2

1.5

0.0

52.3

35.8

0.9

HR

6.2

1.3

2.0

1.8

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

2.9

1.9

0.2

0.8

MK

1.8

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.8

0.5

0.0

0.2

TR

80.9

28.8

16.0

13.5

0.2

1.5

0.7

0.2

36.1

24.1

5.4

6.6

19.0

6.5

5.1

3.4

0.1

0.8

0.8

0.1

7.3

3.9

0.8

2.6

IS
NO
CH
116
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ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENERGY

3.1.5

Final Energy consumption

Title
EU-27
BY SECTOR
subtitle(Mtoe)

2.2 %

26 %
38.8 %

YEAR
2011

HOUSEHOLDS
AND SERVICES, ETC.
INDUSTRY
TRANSPORT

33 %

AGRICULTURE

Mtoe
1 200
1 100
1 000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011

Notes: Renewables not including electricity.

117
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ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENERGY

3.1.6

EU-27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

283580
8662
2089
5328
4041
48721
744
3509
5912
28038
39597
32998
725
992
1224
2275
3747
173
10918
7036
14095
5424
4519
1846
1931
3949
7365
37721
1824
431
11436
4068

88704 194876
1319
7342
564
1524
1822
3507
1463
2578
19591
29130
274
470
1358
2150
3497
2414
5338
22701
7531
32066
9904
23095
405
321
261
730
259
965
382
1892
1271
2476
77
97
4331
6587
1786
5249
4010
10085
1306
4118
1314
3205
595
1251
582
1349
1523
2426
3125
4240
14814
22906
656
1168
138
293
1901
9535
1117

2951

13958
348
17
300
133
2943

2892
48

99
106
1721
2437
1445
16
41
45
42
166

31

61
49
771

225
396
144
8
10
4
48

Other liquid
biofuels (*)

Biodiesel

Biogasoline

Biofuels

Gas Diesel Oil

Motor Spirit

Total Final
consumption of
Petrol and Diesel
for Transport

Final ConsumptionTitle
of Petrol, Diesel and
Biofuels for Transport
subtitle by Fuel 2011 (ktoe)

10644
300
17
239
84
2057

422

68
106
1496
2041
1301
16
34
35
38
117

321
479
934
303
195
35
172
197
418
1045
4
0
16

149
66
179
47
4
32
88
202
330
1
0
5

172
335
536
303
138
31
140
109
216
715
3
0
11

117

107

115

78
219
10

0
0
0
2

Notes: (*) Liquid biofuels, used directly as fuel, not included in biogasoline or biodiesel.
118
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ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENERGY

3.1.7

BiofuelsTitle
Production
by Fuel
subtitle
2011 (ktoe)

TOTAL

Biogasoline

Biodiesel

Other liquid
biofuels (*)

EU-27

11455

1751

8112

1592

127

249

39

BE

415

BG

14

CZ

221

DK

71

DE

3660

14
35

186
71

366

2535

759
0

EE
IE

24

24

EL

98

98

ES

844

235

609

FR

2053

428

1625

76

528

IT

1137

CY

LV

54

51

LT

82

12

71

142

15

127

532

6
2

LU
HU
MT

NL

437

434

AT

251

52

120

79

97

262

72

323

PL

431

PT

327

RO

129

SI

0.3

SK

169

FI

214

SE

505

35

94
0.3

54

115
201

13

202

216

87

UK

170

15

155

HR

MK

TR

16

11

80

80

IS
NO
CH
Notes: (*) Liquid biofuels, used directly as fuel, not included in biogasoline or biodiesel.
119
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ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

E nvironment

3 . 2
3.2.1

Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) (*)

MILLION TONNES CO 2 EQUIVALENT

EU-27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
HR
MK
TR
IS
NO
CH

1990

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010

5583.1
143.3
114.3
195.8
68.6
1246.1
40.9
55.2
105.0
282.8
559.0
519.2
6.5
26.6
49.4
12.8
97.3
2.0
212.0
78.2
457.4
60.1
253.3
18.5
71.8
70.4
72.8
763.9

5078.1
146.2
62.9
145.8
68.1
1039.0
17.2
68.1
127.1
380.8
564.8
551.6
10.1
10.2
19.4
9.6
77.3
2.6
213.2
80.5
384.7
82.3
140.5
18.8
49.3
69.2
69.0
669.9

5148.7
143.6
66.4
146.3
63.7
997.3
18.6
69.3
135.7
435.4
567.1
574.7
11.1
11.2
22.9
13.0
79.5
3.0
211.0
92.9
388.9
86.5
148.9
20.3
51.2
68.6
67.4
654.1

4 974.4
136.7
68.6
143.7
63.6
976.0
19.7
67.6
131.3
403.8
537.3
541.6
11.4
11.7
24.3
12.0
73.3
3.1
204.6
87.0
401.3
77.8
146.7
21.4
50.1
70.2
63.6
626.1

4609.9
125.2
58.9
134.7
60.7
911.8
16.4
61.7
124.7
366.3
514.6
491.5
11.1
11.0
20.0
11.5
66.9
3.0
198.9
79.7
381.8
74.4
123.4
19.5
44.2
66.1
59.7
572.3

4720.9
132.5
61.4
139.2
61.1
936.5
20.5
61.3
118.3
355.9
522.4
501.3
10.8
12.1
20.8
12.1
67.7
3.0
210.1
84.6
400.9
70.6
121.4
19.5
46.0
74.6
66.2
590.2

187.0
3.5
49.8
53.1

297.0
3.8
53.4
51.9

329.9
3.8
53.8
54.4

366.5
5.0
53.8
53.8

369.6
4.7
51.5
52.5

401.9
4.5
53.9
54.2

Notes: Emissions data are downloaded from the European Environment Agency (EEA),
which is the main provider for EU-wide greenhouse gas emissions data.
EEA prepares and maintains the complete EU greenhouse gas emissions inventory,
which is based on data reported by Member States through the EU greenhouse gas
monitoring mechanism and the UNFCCC process.
GHGs: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O),
sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) and perfluorocarbons (PFC).
(*) Excluding international bunkers and LULUCF (Land Use, Land-Use Change
and Forestry) emissions.
120
Sou r c e: Eur opean Env ir onm ent Agency (EEA), Au gu st 2012

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT

3.2.2

GHG EmissionsTitle
(*) from Transport
MILLION TONNES
subtitle
CO2 EQUIVALENT

including International Bunkers

1990
2000
2005
2008
2009

2010

EU-27

958.5

1164.2

1263.4

1282.5

1228.6

1215.6
49.5

BE

36.9

45.4

54.8

62.9

53.5

BG

7.8

6.2

8.6

9.6

9.4

8.8

CZ

8.3

13.0

19.0

20.3

19.6

18.5

DK

15.6

19.0

18.3

19.6

17.2

17.8

DE

184.8

209.8

193.1

190.1

187.7

188.5

EE

3.2

2.1

2.7

3.2

3.0

3.1
14.4

IE

6.3

13.0

15.9

16.8

15.1

EL

26.1

34.3

34.3

36.3

37.2

34.0

ES

72.5

113.9

138.0

143.2

135.1

131.5

FR

137.8

163.7

166.2

157.7

154.7

156.2

IT

111.7

134.9

143.6

142.5

135.7

135.4

CY

2.1

3.2

3.9

4.0

3.8

3.8

LV

4.8

2.3

4.1

4.6

4.4

4.4

LT

8.5

3.8

5.0

5.9

5.0

5.2

LU

3.0

5.7

8.2

7.8

7.2

7.6

HU

8.7

9.5

12.9

13.7

13.4

12.6

MT

0.8

2.1

4.6

3.9

4.9

4.3

NL

65.5

85.6

100.4

96.8

90.7

88.6

AT

14.9

20.7

27.1

24.8

23.8

24.6

PL

23.8

30.0

37.7

48.4

48.6

51.1

PT

13.2

23.1

23.7

23.8

23.3

23.2

RO

15.7

11.8

12.9

16.5

16.2

15.8
5.4

SI

2.8

3.8

4.6

6.5

5.5

SK

5.2

4.3

6.4

6.9

6.3

6.8

FI

15.6

16.0

16.7

16.7

15.3

15.9

SE

22.9

26.7

30.2

30.3

29.8

29.7

UK

139.9

160.2

170.6

169.6

162.3

159.3

TR

26.3

35.5

41.3

50.2

49.5

46.3

IS

0.9

1.3

1.4

1.6

1.4

1.5

NO

13.2

16.4

17.1

17.9

17.3

17.9

CH

17.8

20.6

19.4

21.0

20.6

20.8

HR
MK

Notes: (*) Excluding LULUCF (Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry) emissions.
121
S o urc e : Europe an Envi ronm ent A gency (EEA), August 2012

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT

3.2.3

GHG Emissions from

TitleTransport EU-27
by mode (million subtitle
tonnes CO 2 equivalent)

Civil Aviation
(domestic) (*)

International
Bunkers Aviation

Road
Transportation

Railways (***)

Total Navigation

Navigation
(domestic) (*)

International Bunkers
Maritime Transport

Other
Transportation (****)

Total Transport

Total Emissions
(**)

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010

Total
Civil Aviation

including International Bunkers

83.9
82.5
88.5
92.2
95.6
101.4
106.7
112.0
120.2
129.4
136.2
133.9
130.4
134.7
144.1
151.4
157.2
162.2
162.2
150.7
150.2

14.1
13.7
14.1
13.5
13.7
14.7
16.1
17.2
17.8
19.4
19.9
19.2
18.4
18.1
18.6
19.1
19.1
19.6
19.0
17.8
17.4

69.8
68.8
74.5
78.7
81.9
86.7
90.7
94.8
102.3
110.1
116.3
114.7
112.0
116.6
125.5
132.4
138.1
142.7
143.2
133.0
132.9

718.2
727.9
751.0
759.5
767.4
781.7
805.0
817.4
843.0
860.9
855.6
870.2
882.4
891.4
909.1
907.8
913.8
923.1
905.3
881.1
876.6

13.9
12.6
11.9
11.3
10.6
10.5
10.4
10.0
9.8
9.3
9.5
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.7
8.1
8.0
8.3
8.0
7.4
7.4

131.2
131.2
131.8
133.0
129.6
129.5
137.6
148.2
154.6
147.9
153.0
158.9
162.9
166.6
175.8
185.3
194.7
198.2
195.9
179.2
171.4

17.9
18.2
18.5
17.9
18.1
17.3
17.8
18.0
19.0
19.2
17.6
18.0
18.0
18.2
18.5
18.6
18.6
18.8
18.5
19.0
19.3

113.3
112.9
113.3
115.1
111.6
112.2
119.8
130.2
135.6
128.8
135.4
140.9
144.9
148.4
157.3
166.7
176.1
179.3
177.4
160.2
152.1

11.3
11.1
9.9
9.5
9.5
9.6
10.1
9.6
9.7
9.5
9.8
9.7
9.7
9.8
10.2
10.8
11.2
10.5
11.0
10.2
10.0

958.5
965.2
993.1
1005.5
1012.7
1032.7
1069.8
1097.2
1137.3
1157.1
1164.2
1181.5
1194.2
1211.2
1247.9
1263.4
1285.0
1302.2
1282.5
1228.6
1215.6

5766.2
5666.9
5470.7
5377.5
5351.9
5411.6
5531.8
5452.6
5422.9
5313.9
5329.8
5386.8
5343.0
5437.2
5460.7
5447.8
5446.5
5401.0
5295.0
4903.0
5005.8

Total Civil Aviation Road Transportation Railways (***) Total Navigation Other Total Transport

1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

0.40
1990
=1

Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU);
(**) Including international bunkers but excluding LULUCF; (***) Excluding indirect
emissions from electricity consumption; (****) Combustion emissions
from all remaining transport activities including pipeline transportation,
ground activities in airports and harbours, and off-road activities.
122
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), August 2012

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT

3.2.3

gHg Emissions from

TitleTransport EU-27
BY MODE
subtitle
(SHARE %)

TOTAl
civil AviATiON

civil Aviation
(domestic) (*)

international
bunkers Aviation

ROAd
TRANSPORTATiON

RAilWAyS (***)

TOTAl NAvigATiON

Navigation
(domestic) (*)

international bunkers
maritime Transport

OTHER
TRANSPORTATiON (****)

TOTAl
TRANSPORT (*****)

TOTAl EmiSSiONS
(**)

iNclUdiNg iNTERNATiONAl bUNkERS

1990 8.8
1991 8.5
1992 8.9
1993 9.2
1994 9.4
1995 9.8
1996 10.0
1997 10.2
1998 10.6
1999 11.2
2000 11.7
2001 11.3
2002 10.9
2003 11.1
2004 11.5
2005 12.0
2006 12.2
2007 12.5
2008 12.6
2009 12.3
2010 12.4

16.8
16.6
15.9
14.7
14.3
14.5
15.1
15.4
14.8
15.0
14.6
14.4
14.1
13.4
12.9
12.6
12.2
12.1
11.7
11.8
11.6

83.2
83.4
84.1
85.3
85.7
85.5
84.9
84.6
85.2
85.0
85.4
85.6
85.9
86.6
87.1
87.4
87.8
87.9
88.3
88.2
88.4

74.9
75.4
75.6
75.5
75.8
75.7
75.2
74.5
74.1
74.4
73.5
73.6
73.9
73.6
72.8
71.8
71.1
70.9
70.6
71.7
72.1

1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

13.7
13.6
13.3
13.2
12.8
12.5
12.9
13.5
13.6
12.8
13.1
13.4
13.6
13.8
14.1
14.7
15.2
15.2
15.3
14.6
14.1

13.6
13.9
14.0
13.4
13.9
13.4
12.9
12.1
12.3
12.9
11.5
11.3
11.0
10.9
10.5
10.0
9.5
9.5
9.4
10.6
11.3

86.4
86.1
86.0
86.6
86.1
86.6
87.1
87.9
87.7
87.1
88.5
88.7
89.0
89.1
89.5
90.0
90.5
90.5
90.6
89.4
88.7

1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.8

16.6
17.0
18.2
18.7
18.9
19.1
19.3
20.1
21.0
21.8
21.8
21.9
22.4
22.3
22.9
23.2
23.6
24.1
24.2
25.1
24.3

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

0.8 %

0.6 %

14.1 %

12.4 %

TOTAL CIVIL AVIATION

ROAD TRANSPORTATION

YEAR
2010

RAILWAYS (***)
TOTAL NAVIGATION

72.1 %

OTHER

Notes: (*) excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the eU);
(**) including international bunkers but excluding lUlUcF; (***) excluding indirect
emissions from electricity consumption; (****) combustion emissions from all remaining
transport activities including pipeline transportation, ground activities in airports and
harbours, and off-road activities. (*****) total transport share in total emissions.
123
S o urc e : Europe an Envi ronm ent A gency (EEA), August 2012

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT

3.2.4

GHG Emissions from

TitleTransport 2010
by mode (million subtitle
tonnes CO 2 equivalent)

Railways

Total Navigation

Navigation
(domestic) (*)

International Bunkers
Maritime Transport

Other
Transportation

132.9 876.6

7.4

171.4

19.3

152.1

10.0 1215.6 5005.8

Total Emissions
(**)

Road
Transportation

17.4

Total
Transport

International
Bunkers Aviation

EU-27 150.2

Civil Aviation
(domestic) (*)

Total
Civil Aviation

including International Bunkers

BE

4.2

0.0

4.2

23.5

0.1

21.5

0.5

21.0

0.2

BG

0.6

0.0

0.5

7.5

0.1

0.4

0.4

0.3

49.5 157.7

CZ

1.0

0.0

1.0

17.0

0.3

0.0

0.0

DK

2.6

0.2

2.4

12.2

0.2

2.7

0.6

2.1

DE

26.8

2.0

24.8 146.8

0.9

9.7

0.8

9.0

EE

0.1

0.0

0.1

2.1

0.2

0.7

0.0

0.7

3.1

21.3

IE

2.4

0.0

2.3

11.1

0.1

0.6

0.2

0.4

0.2

14.4

64.1

EL

3.4

1.3

2.1

19.2

0.1

11.3

2.4

8.9

0.0

34.0 129.3

8.8

62.3

0.2

18.5 140.2

4.2

188.5 970.3

17.8

65.6

ES

16.7

3.5

13.2

83.9

0.3

30.5

3.6

26.9

0.2

131.5 396.0

FR

20.7

4.6

16.1 125.3

0.5

9.2

1.3

7.9

0.6

156.2 546.4

IT

11.9

2.3

9.5 110.0

0.2

12.2

5.2

7.1

1.1

135.4 517.9

CY

0.9

LV

0.4

LT

0.9

2.3

3.8

12.3

0.0

0.4

3.0

0.2

0.9

0.0

0.8

0.0

4.4

13.3

0.1

0.0

0.1

4.1

0.2

0.5

0.0

0.5

0.2

5.2

21.4

LU

1.3

0.0

1.3

6.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

7.6

13.4

HU

0.7

0.7

11.6

0.3

0.0

0.0

12.6

68.4

MT

0.3

0.0

0.3

0.5

3.4

0.0

3.4

4.3

6.7

NL

10.2

0.0

10.2

34.2

0.1

44.0

0.6

43.4

AT

2.1

0.1

2.1

21.9

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.3

24.6

PL

1.7

0.1

1.6

47.2

0.4

0.8

0.0

0.8

1.2

51.1 403.2

0.6

0.6

PT

3.0

0.4

2.6

18.3

0.0

1.9

0.2

1.6

RO

0.8

0.3

0.5

14.1

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.1

88.6 263.6

23.2
0.0

86.7
74.9

15.8 122.0

SI

0.1

0.0

0.1

5.2

0.0

0.1

5.4

19.7

SK

0.1

0.0

0.1

6.5

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

6.8

46.1

FI

1.9

0.3

1.7

12.0

0.1

1.2

0.6

0.7

0.6

15.9

76.9

SE

2.6

0.5

2.1

19.1

0.1

7.6

0.7

6.8

0.3

29.7

75.1

UK

33.5

1.6

31.9 111.7

2.2

11.3

2.4

9.0

0.5

TR

3.5

3.0

0.4

40.0

0.5

2.4

1.7

0.8

IS

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.8

0.2

0.0

0.2

1.5

5.1

NO

2.4

1.1

1.3

10.1

0.0

3.6

2.2

1.4

1.7

17.9

56.6

CH

4.4

0.1

4.3

16.1

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.0

20.8

58.6

0.1

159.3 631.1

HR
MK
46.3 403.1

Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU).
(**) Including international bunkers but excluding LULUCF.
124
So u r c e : European Environment Agency (EEA), August 2012

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT

3.2.4

GHG Emissions from

TitleTransport 2010
BY MODE
subtitle
(SHARE%)

Total Navigation

Navigation
(domestic) (*)

International Bunkers
Maritime Transport

Other
Transportation

Total
Transport (***)

11.6

88.4

72.1

0.6

14.1

11.3

88.7

0.8

24.3

100

0.2

99.8

47.4

0.2

43.4

2.3

97.7

0.4

31.4

100

BG

6.3

8.4

91.6

85.0

0.8

4.3

CZ

5.7

0.9

99.1

91.8

1.6

0.1 100.0

100.0

DK

14.6

6.1

93.9

68.7

1.4

15.3

22.2

77.8

DE

14.2

7.5

92.5

77.9

0.5

5.2

7.8

92.2

EE

3.8

1.6

98.4

67.6

5.1

23.5

3.3

96.7

IE

16.6

1.7

98.3

77.0

1.0

4.4

31.7

68.3

Total Emissions
(**)

Railways

8.6

Road
Transportation

BE

International
Bunkers Aviation

EU-27 12.4

Civil Aviation
(domestic) (*)

Total
Civil Aviation

including International Bunkers

3.7

14.2

100

0.8

13.2

100

27.1

100

2.2

19.4

100

14.4

100

1.2

22.4

100

EL

10.1

38.5

61.5

56.5

0.2

33.2

21.4

78.6

0.0

26.3

100

ES

12.7

21.2

78.8

63.8

0.2

23.2

11.7

88.3

0.1

33.2

100

FR

13.2

22.1

77.9

80.2

0.3

5.9

13.9

86.1

0.4

28.6

100

IT

8.8

19.7

80.3

81.2

0.2

9.0

42.1

57.9

0.8

26.2

100

CY

23.0

30.6

100

LV

8.2

5.3

19.4

33.3

100

LT

2.9

LU

17.1

100.0

61.5

0.1

99.9

67.1

1.1

98.9

79.7

3.6

0.0 100.0

82.7

0.2
2.1

HU

5.4

100.0

92.4

MT

7.6

0.2

99.8

12.4

NL

11.6

0.4

99.6

38.7

15.5

0.1

100.0
2.9

97.1

0.0

9.3

3.6

96.4

4.5

0.0

92.9

7.1

0.0 100.0

24.2

100

56.7

100

18.4

100

80.0

1.4

98.6

63.4

100

49.6

1.4

98.6

33.6

100

AT

8.7

3.0

97.0

89.1

0.7

0.2

25.0

75.0

1.3

28.3

100

PL

3.3

5.5

94.5

92.2

0.7

1.5

0.2

99.8

2.3

12.7

100

31.0

100

0.2

12.9

100

27.5

100

0.0

14.7

100

PT

13.1

13.3

86.7

78.7

0.2

8.0

12.3

87.7

RO

5.3

40.1

59.9

89.6

2.8

2.2

58.5

41.5

SI

1.4

2.2

97.8

96.6

0.8

1.2

SK

1.6

5.5

94.5

96.3

1.5

0.6

0.1

100.0
99.9

FI

12.1

13.3

86.7

75.4

0.6

7.8

46.3

53.7

4.1

20.7

100

SE

8.7

18.5

81.5

64.5

0.2

25.5

9.8

90.2

1.1

39.5

100

UK

21.0

4.9

95.1

70.1

1.4

7.1

20.9

79.1

0.3

25.2

100

TR

7.5

87.4

12.6

86.2

1.0

100

IS

27.4

5.3

94.7

57.6

NO

13.5

45.6

54.4

56.5

CH

21.3

2.8

97.2

77.5

HR
MK
5.3

69.1

30.9

11.5

15.0

16.1

83.9

28.7

100

0.2

20.0

60.6

39.4

9.7

31.5

100

0.2

0.7

78.2

21.8

0.2

35.4

100

Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU).
(**) Including international bunkers but excluding LULUCF.
(***) Total transport share in total emissions.
125
S o urc e : Europe an Envi ronm ent A gency (EEA), August 2012

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT

3.2.5

Total CO 2 Title
Emissions (*)
million
subtitle
tonnes

1990

2000

2005

2008

2009

2010

EU-27

4419.8

4116.8

4254.7

4108.3

3772.7

3891.3
115.1

BE

118.8

124.9

125.3

120.1

108.6

BG

83.4

47.6

51.9

54.5

45.6

48.0

CZ

165.1

125.9

127.1

123.7

115.8

119.9

DK

52.8

53.7

51.0

50.7

48.4

48.8

DE

1042.2

891.6

866.0

846.5

784.3

819.0

EE

36.6

15.1

16.4

17.4

14.2

18.2

IE

32.3

44.6

47.7

47.0

41.6

41.3

EL

83.3

103.2

113.4

110.7

104.5

97.5

ES

225.8

306.6

366.7

335.0

297.2

284.5

FR

395.0

411.0

422.6

392.7

374.6

382.5

IT

435.0

462.5

488.2

464.0

415.4

426.1

CY

4.9

7.1

7.9

8.6

8.4

8.1

LV

19.1

7.1

7.8

8.2

7.4

8.5

LT

36.6

12.1

14.2

15.1

12.9

13.8

LU

11.9

8.6

12.0

11.1

10.5

11.1

HU

72.5

58.7

60.7

56.3

50.6

51.4

MT

1.9

2.3

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

NL

159.2

169.9

175.9

175.2

169.9

181.2

AT

62.1

66.0

79.7

73.9

67.2

72.3

PL

373.5

316.1

317.9

326.6

312.2

332.1

PT

44.3

64.7

68.6

60.1

56.8

52.6

RO

188.6

100.5

108.4

108.4

88.5

87.1

SI

14.8

15.2

16.7

18.0

16.0

16.1

SK

60.7

41.4

42.7

41.2

36.0

38.0

FI

56.6

56.8

56.5

58.1

55.2

63.7

SE

56.9

54.1

53.3

50.1

46.7

52.9

UK

586.0

549.4

553.7

532.4

481.4

499.1

TR

141.4

225.4

259.6

297.1

299.1

326.5

IS

2.2

2.8

2.8

3.6

3.5

3.4

NO

34.8

41.7

43.1

44.4

42.9

45.5

CH

44.6

44.0

46.4

45.5

44.3

46.0

HR
MK

Notes: Emissions data are downloaded from the European Environment Agency (EEA),
which is the main provider for EU-wide greenhouse gas emissions data.
EEA prepares and maintains the complete EU greenhouse gas emissions inventory,
which is based on data reported by Member States through the EU greenhouse gas
monitoring mechanism and the UNFCCC process.
(*) Excluding international bunkers and excluding LULUCF
(Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry) emissions.
126
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), August 2012

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT

3.2.6

CO 2 Emissions
Title
from Transport
million
subtitle
tonnes

including International Bunkers

1990
2000
2005
2008
2009

2010

EU-27

943.0

1146.0

1247.5

1267.1

1214.1

1201.1
49.2

BE

36.5

44.8

54.2

62.6

53.3

BG

7.5

5.9

8.5

9.4

9.2

8.7

CZ

8.1

12.5

18.2

19.5

18.8

17.7

DK

15.4

18.7

18.1

19.3

16.9

17.6

DE

182.3

207.5

191.4

188.4

186.0

186.7

EE

3.1

2.0

2.7

3.2

2.9

3.0

IE

6.1

12.8

15.7

16.7

14.9

14.2

EL

25.0

32.9

33.2

35.2

36.2

33.3

ES

71.5

112.0

136.6

141.7

133.7

130.1

FR

135.8

161.6

164.1

155.8

153.0

154.4

IT

109.8

132.3

141.9

140.8

134.1

133.8

CY

2.1

3.2

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.7

LV

4.6

2.2

4.0

4.5

4.3

4.3

LT

8.2

3.7

4.9

5.8

4.9

5.1

LU

3.0

5.6

8.1

7.7

7.1

7.5

HU

8.5

9.2

12.5

13.3

12.9

12.2

MT

0.8

2.1

4.6

3.9

4.8

4.2

NL

64.9

84.8

99.6

96.1

90.1

87.9

AT

14.7

20.3

26.7

24.5

23.5

24.3

PL

23.4

29.6

37.2

47.7

47.8

50.4

PT

13.0

22.8

23.4

23.5

23.1

22.9

RO

15.5

11.6

12.6

16.1

15.8

15.1

SI

2.7

3.7

4.5

6.4

5.4

5.3

SK

5.0

4.2

6.3

6.8

6.2

6.7

FI

15.3

15.7

16.4

16.5

15.1

15.7

SE

22.5

26.3

29.8

30.0

29.4

29.3

UK

137.7

157.9

168.6

167.9

160.7

157.7

TR

26.0

35.0

40.5

49.4

48.7

45.6

IS

0.9

1.3

1.3

1.6

1.4

1.4

NO

13.0

16.1

16.8

17.6

16.9

17.5

CH

17.5

20.4

19.2

20.8

20.4

20.6

HR
MK

127
S o urc e : Europe an Envi ronm ent A gency (EEA), August 2012

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT

3.2.7

CO 2 Emissions from
Title
Transport EU-27
by mode (million
subtitle tonnes)

Civil Aviation
(domestic) (*)

International
Bunkers Aviation

Road
Transportation

Railways (***)

Total Navigation

Navigation
(domestic) (*)

International Bunkers
Maritime Transport

Other
Transportation (****)

Total Transport

Total Emissions
(**)

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010

Total
Civil Aviation

including International Bunkers

83.1
81.6
87.6
91.3
94.6
100.4
105.7
110.9
119.0
128.2
134.8
132.6
129.1
133.4
142.7
150.0
155.7
160.7
160.6
149.3
148.8

14.0
13.5
13.9
13.4
13.6
14.5
15.9
17.0
17.6
19.1
19.7
19.0
18.2
17.9
18.4
18.9
18.9
19.4
18.8
17.6
17.2

69.1
68.1
73.7
77.9
81.1
85.9
89.8
93.9
101.4
109.0
115.2
113.6
111.0
115.5
124.3
131.1
136.8
141.3
141.8
131.7
131.6

706.4
716.1
738.8
746.4
752.7
765.4
787.5
799.5
824.8
843.3
841.4
856.6
869.3
878.5
896.5
895.8
902.0
911.5
894.0
870.4
865.7

13.3
12.1
11.4
10.8
10.2
10.0
9.9
9.6
9.4
8.9
9.1
8.4
8.4
8.3
8.3
7.7
7.6
7.8
7.6
7.0
7.0

129.4
129.2
129.7
130.8
127.6
127.4
135.6
146.4
152.8
146.1
151.1
156.9
160.8
164.6
173.7
183.5
192.8
196.1
194.0
177.3
169.8

17.6
17.9
18.1
17.5
17.7
17.0
17.5
17.7
18.6
18.8
17.3
17.7
17.6
17.9
18.2
18.3
18.2
18.5
18.1
18.6
19.0

111.8
111.4
111.6
113.3
109.8
110.4
118.1
128.7
134.1
127.3
133.8
139.3
143.2
146.7
155.5
165.2
174.6
177.7
175.9
158.7
150.9

10.8
10.7
9.6
9.2
9.2
9.3
9.8
9.3
9.4
9.3
9.6
9.4
9.5
9.6
10.0
10.5
10.9
10.2
10.8
10.0
9.8

943.0
949.7
977.1
988.6
994.2
1012.5
1048.6
1075.7
1115.4
1135.8
1146.0
1164.0
1177.2
1194.4
1231.2
1247.5
1269.1
1286.4
1267.1
1214.1
1201.1

4600.8
4544.7
4385.5
4315.0
4293.1
4345.4
4458.1
4389.6
4396.4
4329.2
4365.8
4443.0
4415.2
4521.3
4553.0
4551.0
4566.1
4522.6
4426.0
4063.1
4173.8

Total Civil Aviation Road Transportation Railways (***) Total Navigation Other Total Transport

1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

0.40
1990
=1

Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU);
(**) Including international bunkers but excluding LULUCF;

(***) Excluding indirect emissions from electricity consumption;

(****) Combustion emissions from all remaining transport activities including pipeline
transportation, ground activities in airports and harbours, and off-road activities.
128
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), August 2012

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT

3.2.7

cO 2 Emissions from
Title
Transport EU-27
BY MODE
subtitle
(SHARE %)

civil Aviation
(domestic) (*)

international
bunkers Aviation

ROAd
TRANSPORTATiON

RAilWAyS (***)

TOTAl NAvigATiON

Navigation
(domestic) (*)

international bunkers
maritime Transport

OTHER
TRANSPORTATiON (****)

TOTAl TRANSPORT
(*****)

TOTAl EmiSSiONS
(**)

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010

TOTAl
civil AviATiON

iNclUdiNg iNTERNATiONAl bUNkERS

8.8
8.6
9.0
9.2
9.5
9.9
10.1
10.3
10.7
11.3
11.8
11.4
11.0
11.2
11.6
12.0
12.3
12.5
12.7
12.3
12.4

16.8
16.6
15.9
14.7
14.3
14.5
15.1
15.3
14.8
14.9
14.6
14.4
14.1
13.4
12.9
12.6
12.2
12.0
11.7
11.8
11.6

83.2
83.4
84.1
85.3
85.7
85.5
84.9
84.7
85.2
85.1
85.4
85.6
85.9
86.6
87.1
87.4
87.8
88.0
88.3
88.2
88.4

74.9
75.4
75.6
75.5
75.7
75.6
75.1
74.3
73.9
74.2
73.4
73.6
73.8
73.6
72.8
71.8
71.1
70.9
70.6
71.7
72.1

1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

13.7
13.6
13.3
13.2
12.8
12.6
12.9
13.6
13.7
12.9
13.2
13.5
13.7
13.8
14.1
14.7
15.2
15.2
15.3
14.6
14.1

13.6
13.8
14.0
13.4
13.9
13.3
12.9
12.1
12.2
12.9
11.4
11.3
11.0
10.9
10.5
10.0
9.4
9.4
9.4
10.5
11.2

86.4
86.2
86.0
86.6
86.1
86.7
87.1
87.9
87.8
87.1
88.6
88.7
89.0
89.1
89.5
90.0
90.6
90.6
90.6
89.5
88.8

1.1
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.8

20.5
20.9
22.3
22.9
23.2
23.3
23.5
24.5
25.4
26.2
26.3
26.2
26.7
26.4
27.0
27.4
27.8
28.4
28.6
29.9
28.8

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

0.8 %
0.6 %

14.1 %

12.4 %

TOTAL CIVIL AVIATION

ROAD TRANSPORTATION

YEAR
2010

RAILWAYS (***)
TOTAL NAVIGATION

72.1 %

OTHER

Notes: (*) excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the eU);
(**) including international bunkers but excluding lUlUcF;
(***) excluding indirect emissions from electricity consumption;
(****) combustion emissions from all remaining transport activities including pipeline
transportation, ground activities in airports and harbours, and off-road activities;
(*****) total transport share in total emissions.
129
S o urc e : Europe an Envi ronm ent A gency (EEA), August 2012

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT

3.2.8

CO 2 Emissions from
TitleTransport 2010
by mode (million
subtitle tonnes)

Total Navigation

Navigation
(domestic) (*)

International Bunkers
Maritime Transport

7.0

169.8

19.0

150.9

9.8 1201.1 4173.8

BE

4.2

0.0

4.2

23.2

0.1

21.4

0.5

21.0

0.2

BG

0.5

0.0

0.5

7.4

0.1

0.3

0.3

0.3

CZ

1.0

0.0

1.0

16.3

0.3

0.0

0.0

DK

2.6

0.2

2.4

12.1

0.2

2.7

0.6

2.1

DE

26.5

2.0

24.6

145.4

0.9

9.6

0.8

8.9

Total Emissions
(**)

Railways

131.6 865.7

Total
Transport

Road
Transportation

17.2

Other
Transportation

International
Bunkers Aviation

EU-27 148.8

Civil Aviation
(domestic) (*)

Total
Civil Aviation

including International Bunkers

49.2 140.3
8.7

48.8

0.2

17.7 120.9

4.1

186.7 852.4

17.6

53.3

EE

0.1

0.0

0.1

2.1

0.2

0.7

0.0

0.7

IE

2.4

0.0

2.3

11.0

0.1

0.6

0.2

0.4

0.2

3.0

19.0

14.2

44.0

EL

3.4

1.3

2.1

18.9

0.1

10.9

2.3

8.6

0.0

33.3 108.2

ES

16.6

3.5

13.1

82.9

0.3

30.2

3.5

26.7

0.2

130.1 324.2

FR

20.4

4.5

15.9

123.8

0.5

9.1

1.2

7.9

0.5

154.4 406.3

IT

11.8

2.3

9.4

108.7

0.2

12.1

5.1

7.0

1.1

133.8 442.5

CY

0.9

0.9

2.3

0.6

3.7

LV

0.4

0.0

0.4

2.9

0.2

0.8

0.0

0.8

4.3

9.6

LT

0.1

0.0

0.1

4.1

0.2

0.5

0.0

0.5

5.1

14.5

0.0

1.3

6.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.7

11.2

0.3

0.0

0.0

3.4

0.0

3.3

0.6

0.2

9.5

LU

1.3

HU

0.7

MT

0.3

0.0

0.3

0.5

NL

10.2

0.0

10.2

33.8

0.1

43.8

0.6

43.2

AT

2.1

0.1

2.0

21.7

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.3

24.3

PL

1.7

0.1

1.6

46.5

0.4

0.8

0.0

0.8

1.1

50.4 334.4

PT

3.0

0.4

2.6

18.0

0.0

1.8

0.2

1.6

RO

0.8

0.3

0.5

13.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

SI

0.1

0.0

0.1

5.1

0.0

0.1

SK

0.1

0.0

0.1

6.5

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

FI

1.9

0.3

1.7

11.8

0.1

1.2

0.6

SE

2.5

0.5

2.1

19.0

0.1

7.4

UK

33.2

1.6

31.6

110.8

2.0

11.2

TR

3.4

3.0

0.4

39.3

0.5

IS

0.4

0.0

0.4

0.8

NO

2.4

1.1

1.3

10.0

CH

4.4

0.1

4.3

15.9

7.5

12.4

12.2

52.1

4.2

6.3

87.9 234.6
74.4

22.9

56.8

15.1

87.8

5.3

16.3

0.0

6.7

38.2

0.7

0.6

15.7

66.0

0.7

6.7

0.3

29.3

61.7

2.3

8.9

0.4

0.0

0.1

157.7 539.6

HR
MK
45.6 327.7

2.4

1.7

0.8

0.2

0.0

0.2

1.4

4.0

0.0

3.5

2.1

1.4

1.6

17.5

48.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.0

20.6

50.2

Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU);
(**) Including international bunkers but excluding LULUCF.
130
Source: European Environment Agency (EEA), August 2012

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT

3.2.8

CO 2 Emissions from
TitleTransport 2010
by mode
subtitle
(share%)

Total
Civil Aviation

Civil Aviation
(domestic) (*)

International
Bunkers Aviation

Road
Transportation

Railways

Total Navigation

Navigation
(domestic) (*)

International Bunkers
Maritime Transport

Other
Transportation

Total
Transport

Total Emissions
(**)

including International Bunkers

EU-27 12.4

11.6

88.4

72.1

0.6

14.1

11.2

88.8

0.8

28.8

100

BE

8.6

0.2

99.8

47.2

0.2

43.6

2.2

97.8

0.4

35.1

100

BG

6.3

8.4

91.6

85.6

0.7

3.7

100.0

3.7

17.8

100

CZ

5.7

0.9

99.1

91.8

1.6

0.1 100.0

0.9

14.7

100

DK

14.6

6.0

94.0

68.8

1.4

15.2

22.2

77.8

33.0

100

DE

14.2

7.5

92.5

77.9

0.5

5.2

7.9

92.1

21.9

100

EE

3.8

1.6

98.4

67.5

5.1

23.6

3.3

96.7

16.0

100

IE

16.6

1.7

98.3

77.0

0.9

4.4

31.5

68.5

1.2

32.3

100

EL

10.2

38.5

61.5

56.8

0.2

32.8

20.9

79.1

0.0

30.8

100

ES

12.7

21.2

78.8

63.7

0.2

23.2

11.7

88.3

0.1

40.1

100

FR

13.2

22.1

77.9

80.2

0.3

5.9

13.7

86.3

0.3

38.0

100

IT

8.8

19.7

80.3

81.2

0.1

9.0

42.1

57.9

0.8

30.2

100

CY

22.9

100.0

61.5

100.0

39.3

100

LV

8.3

0.1

99.9

67.9

4.8

19.0

2.7

97.3

44.9

100

LT

2.9

1.1

98.9

79.9

3.6

9.4

3.6

96.4

35.3

100

LU

17.1

0.0 100.0

82.7

0.1

0.0

92.9

7.1

60.7

100

HU

5.6

100.0

92.2

2.2

0.0 100.0

23.4

100

MT

7.6

0.2

99.8

12.3

NL

11.6

0.4

99.6

38.4

AT

8.7

3.0

97.0

PL

3.3

5.5

PT

13.1

RO

15.6

2.2

4.2

80.1

1.4

98.6

67.0

100

0.1

49.9

1.4

98.6

37.5

100

89.2

0.6

0.2

26.3

73.7

1.3

32.7

100

94.5

92.3

0.7

1.5

0.2

99.8

2.2

15.1

100

13.2

86.8

78.7

0.2

8.0

12.3

87.7

40.4

100

5.4

40.0

60.0

89.3

2.9

2.1

55.4

44.6

17.2

100

SI

1.4

2.2

97.8

96.8

0.7

1.1

32.7

100

SK

1.6

5.3

94.7

96.5

1.3

0.5

0.1

99.9

0.0

17.5

100

FI

12.2

13.3

86.7

75.4

0.6

7.8

46.2

53.8

4.0

23.7

100

SE

8.6

18.4

81.6

64.7

0.2

25.4

9.8

90.2

1.0

47.5

100

UK

21.1

4.9

95.1

70.3

1.3

7.1

20.8

79.2

0.3

29.2

100

TR

7.5

87.4

12.6

86.1

1.0

IS

28.0

5.3

94.7

56.7

NO

13.7

45.6

54.4

57.3

CH

21.3

2.8

97.2

77.6

0.2

100.0

HR
MK
5.3

69.1

30.9

13.9

100

15.3

16.1

83.9

35.8

100

0.2

19.9

60.1

39.9

8.9

36.3

100

0.2

0.7

78.1

21.9

0.2

40.9

100

Notes: (*) Excluding international bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU);
(**) Including international bunkers but excluding LULUCF.
131
S o urc e : Europe an Envi ronm ent A gency (EEA), August 2012

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT

3.2.9

Titleat Sea
Oil Spills
subtitle

Number of oil spills, total amount spilt

Period
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
19901999
19801989
19701979

Number of
Number of
Tonnes
7 to 700 tonnes over 700 tonnes of oil spilt
7
0
1000
5
1
2000
4
4
12000
7
1
2000
8
1
3000
13
4
19000
13
5
23000
22
3
18000
17
5
16000
19
4
43000
12
3
67000
17
3
8000
21
4
14000
(avge per year)
28
8
113500
(avge per year)
36
9
117600
(avge per year)
54
25
321800

Selected major oil spills World outside Europe

Ship name
Atlantic Empress
ABT Summer
Castillo de Bellver
Odyssey
Sea Star
Hawaiian Patriot
Exxon Valdez

Year
1979
1991
1983
1988
1972
1977
1989

Location
off Tobago, West Indies
900 miles off Angola
off Saldanha Bay, South Africa
700 miles off Nova Scotia, Canada
Gulf of Oman
300 miles off Honolulu
Prince William Sound, Alaska

Oil lost (t)

287000
260000
252000
132000
115000
95000
37000

Selected major oil spills Europe

Ship name
Amoco Cadiz
Haven
Torrey Canyon
Irenes Serenade
Urquiola
Independenta
Jakob Maersk
Braer
Aegean Sea
Sea Empress
Prestige
Erika

Year
1978
1991
1967
1980
1976
1979
1975
1993
2002
1992
1996
1999

Location
off Brittany, France
Genoa, Italy
Scilly Isles, United Kingdom
Navarino Bay, Greece
La Coruna, Spain
Bosphorus, Turkey
Oporto, Portugal
Shetland Islands, United Kingdom
La Coruna, Spain
Milford Haven, United Kingdom
Cape Finistere, Spain
Brittany, France

Oil lost (t)

223000
144000
119000
100000
100000
95000
88000
85000
74000
72000
63000
20000

132
Sourc e : Int er nat ional Tanker Ow ner s Pollut ion Fed era t io n L t d

Notes

133

Notes

134

Notes

135

European Commission
EU transport in figures 2013
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union
2013 132 pp. 10.5 x 21 cm
ISBN 978-92-79-28860-9
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