August 2013
LTE Advanced Leading in chipsets and evolution
LTE Advanced: Leading in chipsets and evolution
1 2
Brings carrier aggregationfirst launch powered by Qualcomm SnapdragonTM
3 4
A key enabler to the 1000x mobile data challenge
Brings more capacity out of small cells and enables hyper-dense HetNets
Continues to evolve and expand into new areas
Device to device, backhaul, broadcast, higher bands and more
Different dimensions of improvementsmost gain from HetNets
LTE Carrier #3
Leverage wider bandwidth
Carrier aggregation across multiple carriers and multiple bands
LTE Carrier #1
LTE Carrier #4 LTE Carrier #2
Aggregated Data Pipe
Up to 100 MHz
Primarily higher data rates
(bps)
LTE Carrier #5
LTE Advanced
Leverage more antennas
Downlink MIMO up to 8x8, enhanced Multi User MIMO and uplink MIMO up to 4x4. Coordinated multipoint (CoMP)
MIMO
Higher spectral efficiency
(bps/Hz)
Leverage HetNets
With advanced interference management (eICIC/IC)
Small Cell
Higher spectral efficiency per coverage area 2
(bps/Hz/km )
3
First Carrier Aggregation launched June 2013powered TM by Snapdragon 800
Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies Inc.
Carrier aggregation launchedkey to enabling 150 Mbps
Carrier aggregation is the first step of LTE Advanced
Downlink (Interband)
10 MHz + 10 MHz
Uplink
10 MHz
Enables 150 Mbps peak data rates for typical 10MHz + 10MHz deployments
Worlds first launch powered by Qualcomm Technologies 3rd generation Gobi modem
Band X
Band Y
Band X
Snapdragon 800
DL LTE Carrier
DL LTE Carrier
UL LTE Carrier
8974 LTE Advanced
MDM 9x25 LTE Advanced
Aggregated Data Pipe
Worlds first mobile device with LTE Advanced Carrier Aggregation powered by Qualcomm Snapdragon 800 June 2013
Note: Snapdragon 800 includes 8974, which integrates our third generation Gobi LTE modem, but Gobi modems are also offered as a standalone modem product
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Qualcomm Snapdragon and Qualcomm Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
Up to 20 MHz
Up to 20 MHz
LTE Carrier #3
LTE Carrier #1
Up to 20 MHz Up to 20 MHz
Up to 20 MHz
LTE Carrier #4
LTE Carrier #2
Aggregated Data Pipe
Up to 100 MHz
LTE Carrier #5
Higher peak data rates
Higher user data rates and lower latencies for all users
More capacity for typical bursty usage1
Leverages all spectrum assets
Carrier Aggregationfatter pipe to enhance user experience
1
The typical bursty nature of usage, such as web browsing, means that aggregated carriers can support more users at the same response (user experience) compared to two individual carriers, given that the for carriers are partially loaded which is typical in real networks. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users (less loaded carrier) but less for many users. For completely loaded carrier, there is limited capacity gain between individal carriers and aggregated carriers,
Carrier aggregation leverages all spectrum assets
Aggregate fragmented LTE spectrum within a band or across bands to create a fatter data pipe Better use of lower spectrum bands wider coverage Aggregate unpaired spectrum for more downlink capacitysupplemental downlink
LTE Carrier #5
LTE Carrier #2
Balances load across carriers
Aggregate within or across bands (FDD or/and TDD)1
e.g. 800 MHz e.g. 10 MHz e.g. 2.6 GHz e.g. 10 MHz
Supplemental Downlink (FDD)
e.g. 700MHz e.g. 10 MHz
LTE Carrier #4
LTE Carrier #3
LTE Carrier #1
Enhances HetNets with multiple carriers
Carrier 2
Aggregated Data Pipe
Small cell
Smal cell Carrier 1
Macro
Example: Carrier 1 used for wide area macro coverage, but also by small cell, carrier 2 used by all nodes, but with lower power around macrocell. Frequency domain interference management (carrier aggregation) can be combined with eICIC (time domain coordination) interference mgnt 1Aggregation of either FDD or TDD from 3GPP R10 , aggregation of FDD and TDD within the same node and different nodes (multiflow) are 3GPP R12 candidates
Carrier aggregation increases capacity for typical network load
Bursty data applications
Burst Rate
(normalized)
Carrier aggregation capacity gain
2 10MHz Single Carriers
10MHz + 10MHz Carrier Aggregation
User experience
4
3
2 1
0 0 3 6
Partially loaded carriers
Capacity gain can exceed 2x
(for same user experience)1
6 12 9 18 12 24 15 30
Data bursts
Idle time
Load
(Mbps)
1 Carrier aggregation doubles burst rate for all users in the cell, which reduces over-the-air latency ~50%, but if the user experience is kept the same (same burst rate), multicarrier can instead support more users for partially loaded carriers. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users (less loaded carrier) but less for many users (starting to resemble full buffer with limited gain). Source: Qualcomm simulations, 3GPP simulation framework, FTP traffic model with 1MB file size, 57 macro cells wrap -around, 500m ISD (D1), 2x2 MIMO, TU3, NLOS, 15 degree downtilt 2GHz spectrum.,
Qualcomm positioned to lead in LTE carrier aggregation
Key to high data rates while maximizing use of fragmented spectrum
Q2 2012 Q1 2013
45+ band combinations are being identified in 3GPP
Future
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CA combinations
45
CA combinations
60+
CA combinations? More spectrum > 20 MHz aggregation 3 carrier DL aggregation 2 carrier UL aggregation TDD + FDD aggregation
9
24
Inter-band
9
Intra-band
34
Inter-band
11
Intra-band
Components/configurations of the type(s) mentioned in this slide are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries..
Advanced multiple antenna techniques for more capacity
10
More antennaslarge gain from receive diversity
Downlink
Diversity, MIMO
1.7x 1x
(+ 2 x 2 MIMO)
4 Way Receive Diversity
LARGE GAIN, NO STANDARDS OR NETWORK IMPACT MAINSTREAM COMMERCIAL
2 x 2 MIMO
NodeB
Device
Relative spectral efficiency
Note: LTE Advanced R10 and beyond adds up to 8x8 Downlink MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), enhanced Multi User MIMO and uplink MIMO up to 4x4. Simulations: 3GPP framework, 21 macro cells wrap-around, 500m ISD (D1), 10MHz FDD, carrier freq 2GHz, 25 UEs per cell, TU 3km/h, full-buffer traffic, no imbalance or correlation among antennas. 2x4 MIMO used for receive diversity gain of 1.7x compared to 2x2 MIMO, similarly 2x3 diversity provides a 1.3x gain over 2x2 MIMO
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Leverage multiple antennas with fiber installations
Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) progression for more capacity and better user experience
Coordinated scheduling Coordinated beamforming Joint transmission
Remote Radio Head (RRH)
Macro
Remote Radio Head (RRH)
Remote Radio Head (RRH)
Same or different cell identity across multiple cells
Central processing/scheduling
(requires low latency fiber)
12 Note: CoMP enabled by TM9 or TM10 transmission modes in the device and network. Picture focuses on downlink CoMP techniques, CoMP also applies to the uplink
Small cell Range Expansion
Higher capacity, network load balancing, enhanced user experience, user fairness
Its not just about adding small cells LTE Advanced brings even more capacity and enables hyper-dense HetNets1
1By applying
advanced interference management to HetNets, a.k.a eICIC/IC
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2.8X
1.4X
LTE R8
1X
Small cell Range Expansion (eICIC/IC)
Macro Only
Macro+ 4 Picos
LTE R8
Macro+ 4 Picos
Data rate improvement2
Increased network capacity and enhanced user experience
1By applying
advanced interference management to HetNets. 2Median downlink data rate. Assumptions: 4 Picos added per macro and 33% of users dropped in clusters closer to picos (hotspots) : 10 MHz FDD, 2x2 MIMO, 25 users and 500m ISD. Advanced interference management: enhanced time-domain adaptive resource partitioning, advanced receiver devices with enhanced RRM and RLM1Similar gain for the uplink
with Range Expansion
LTE Advanced
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More users benefit from small cells with range expansion
Range expansion More users on small cell2 better macro offload
Range Expansion LTE R8
82%
Small cell
37%
57%
Enabled By: Adaptive Resource Partitioning (eICIC)1 Advanced Receiver Devices with Interference Cancellation (IC)
6% 2
12% 4
Number of Picos per Macro Cell
26% 10
Assumptions: TR 36.814, Macro ISD=500m, 100 antenna downtilt 25 UEs per Macro cell, uniform random layout, 10 MHz FDD, 2x2 MIMO. 1 And enhanced RRM and RLM to allow handover to weak cells, to maintain reliable link with weak cells, and to provide accurate feedback with resource partitioning. Standards name eICIC: Enhanced inter-cell interference coordination 2For uniform, random user distribution
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Adaptive resource partitioning (eICIC)1 Full backward compatibility (ABS)3
Advanced receiver devices (IC)2
Advanced Interference Management (eICIC/IC)
The Secret Sauce
1
eICIC (R10) and FeICIC (R11) stands for (Further) enhanced Inter Cell Interference Coordination 2IC (R11) stands for Interference Cancellation 3ABS (R10) is to continue to transmit overhead channels in Almost Blank Subframes to support legacy devices
16
Adaptive resource partitioning (eICIC):
Time
Macro
Macro
Macro Small Cells
Small Cells
Small Cells
eICIC (R10) stands for enhanced Inter Cell Interference Coordination (coordination in the time domain). Also need enhanced RRM and RLM to allow handover to weak cells, to maintain reliable link with weak cells, and to provide accurate feedback with resource 17 partitioning.
To discover Small Cells
To enable higher data rates
To enable full range expansion
Advanced receiver devices with interference cancellation
Cancelling overhead channels benefits all deployment scenarios, but most gain together with network interference coordination (eICIC)
Device interference cancellation cancels overhead channels such as such as synch, broadcast and common reference signal(CRS). Performance requirements part of 3GPP R11
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Our LTE Advanced testbed todayyour network tomorrow
Our Over-The-Air HetNet Macrocells and picocells in a co-channel deployment since March 2011 Demonstrating pico discovery and range expansion with mobility since 2012 Opportunistic Hetnets with full VoIP mobility demonstrated since 2013
Evaluating the design and features to realize the full benefits of heterogeneous networks
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LTE Advanced is a key enabler to the 1000x mobile data challenge
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LTE Advanced is a key enabler to the 1000x data challenge
1000x
Carrier Aggregation (TDD and FDD) Authorized Shared Access (ASA) Higher spectrum bands (esp. TDD)
Continue to evolve LTE: Multiflow, Hetnets enhancements Opportunistic HetNets LTE Direct for proximity services LTE Broadcast
Hetnets with eICIC/IC interference management
New deployment models, e.g. neighborhood small cells
Note: neighborhood small cells and ASA are not covered in this presentation, see www.q ualcomm.com/hetNets and www.qual;comm.com/spectrum for more details.
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~37X
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL ~21X SMALL CELL SMALL CELL SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
~11X SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
~6X
+4 Small Cells +8 Small Cells
+16 Small Cells +32 Small Cells
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
Capacity scales with small cells
LTE Advanced with 2x Spectrum added
added 1
LTE Advanced, showing what is possible now, add spectrum and improved techniques for gradual increase towards 1000x
Roadmap to 1000x: Capacity scales with small cells deployed thanks to advanced interference management (eICIC/IC)
1
Assumptions: Pico type of small cell, 10MHz@2GHz + 10MHz@3.6GHz,D1 scenario macro 500m ISD, uniform user distribution scenario. Gain is median throughput improvement, from baseline with macro only on 10MHz@2GH, part of gain is addition of 10MHz spectrum. Users uniformly distributed a hotspot scenario could provide higher gains. Macro and outdoor small cells sharing spectrum (co-channel)
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Enhanced HetNets
Such as Opportunistic HetNets, Multiflow, next gen. advanced receivers
Tighter Wi-Fi interworking
M2M enhancements
LTE expanding into new areas
Further enhancements3GPP R12 and Beyond
LTE Advanced continues to evolve and expand into new areas
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HetNets: combining multiple cells and technologies
WAN Booster WAN Anchor Wi-Fi Booster
Macro
Small Cell
Across carriers1, across FDD/TDD2
Across cells multiflow2
Interworking across technologies3
Improved offload to small cells
1
Efficient network load balancing
Improved mobility
24
Carrier aggregation from R10 LTE within FDD or TDD. 2 Multiflow is a 3GPP R12 LTE candidate., as well as FDD and TDD aggregation. 3 RAN interworking across LTE, HSPA+ and Wi-Fi is a 3GPP R12 candidate.
HetNets: next generation advanced receivers
To mitigate interferenceeven more beneficial in dense HetNets LTE advanced can cancel common signaling1 Next step for LTE advanced: further enhanced LTE receivers2
Serving cell
Inter cell interference
Interference Cancellation
1 Performance
requirement added to 3GPP for cancellation of common signaling (PSS/SSS/PBCH/CRS) in Rel 10/11. 2 Broad study on UE interference suppression with & without network assistance in 3GPP R12
25
Dense HetNets: opportunistic small cells
Reduces energy consumption Reduces interference to further improve capacity
Possible today1
Device triggered small cells (on/dormant)
1
Dormant small cells triggered by the presence of active devices in the vicinity
26
Tighter Wi-Fi3G/4G interworking
Convergence of Cellular and Wi-Fi Infrastructure
1) Seamless Access Passpoint/Hotspot 2.01 2) Operator Deployed Wi-Fi access managed via 3G/4G2
Combine Wi-Fi and 3G/4G
1 Passpoint is the WFA certified implementation of hotspot 2.0, (supported by QCA, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.), which enables a simpler, secure and seamless access to Wi-Fi networks. 2 Such as more dynamic control of which traffic to offload to Wi-Fi through device centric and/or network centric solutions. Standards enhancements for RAN network centric interworking approaches considered for
R12 and beyond.
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Machine to machine communication enhancements
Low data rate Small data size Infrequent transmissions /receptions Limited power source
FURTHER 3GPP R12 ENHANCEMENTS SUCH AS:
New low data-rate device category Bundling and long repetitions New dormant state Reduced signaling
Low cost
Long range Increased battery life
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LTE evolving and expanding into new areas
Same content
~3.5 GHz
First step towards higher bands
LTE Direct: integrated device to device discovery & communication for proximity services
Backhaul solutions with LTE waveform line of sight, non line of sight, relays
Enhancements to support much higher spectrum bands
Dynamic LTE broadcast, also going into areas beyond mobile
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Summary: Qualcomm LTE advanced leadership
Standards Leadership
A main contributor to key LTE Advanced features Major contributor for ITU IMT-Advanced submission Instrumental in driving eICIC/IC
Industry-first Demos
MWC 2011: Live HetNet Demo MWC 2012: Live Over-The-Air HetNet Demo with Mobility MWC 2013: Live OTA opportunistic HetNet Demo with VoIP Mobility. Authorized Shared Access (ASA) demo
Industry-first Chipsets
Third generation Gobi LTE modem launched June 13 with carrier aggregation in Snapdragon 800
8974
LTE Advanced
MDM 9x25
LTE Advanced
Snapdragon 800
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Qualcomm Snapdragon and Qualcomm Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
Questions? - Connect with Us
www.qualcomm.com/technology http://www.qualcomm.com/blog/contributors/prakash-sangam
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@Qualcomm_tech
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For more information on Qualcomm, visit us at: www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog
2013 QUALCOMM Incorporated and/or its subsidiaries. All Rights Reserved . Qualcomm, Snapdragon, and Gobi, are trademarks of QUALCOMM Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. References in this presentation to Qualcomm may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsi diaries or business units within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable.
Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomms licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of Qualcomms engineering, research and devel opment functions, and substantially all of its product and services businesses, including its semiconductor business, QMC.
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A strong LTE evolution path
2013 2014 2015 2016+
FDD and TDD support
Rel -8
Enhanced voice fallback (CSFB), VoLTE, LTE Broadcast (eMBMS)
Rel -9
Carrier Aggregation, relays, HetNets (eICIC/IC), Adv MIMO
Rel -10
Realizes full benefits of HetNets (FeICIC/IC)
LTE Direct, Hetnets enhancements, Multiflow, WiFi interworking, Rel -12 & Beyond
Rel-11
LTE
DL: 73 150 Mbps1
UL: 36 75 Mbps1 (10 MHz 20 MHz)
LTE Advanced
DL: 3 Gbps2 UL: 1.5 Gbps2 ( Up to 100 MHz)
1Peak
2 Peak data rate can exceed 1 Gbps using 4x4 MIMO and at least 80 MHz of spectrum (carrier aggregation), or 3GBps with 8x8
rates for 10 MHz or 20 MHz FDD using 2x2 MIMO, standard supports 4x4 MIMO enabling peak rates of 300 Mbps.
MIMO and 100MHz of spectrum. Similarly, the uplink can reach 1.5Gbps with 4x4 MIMO.
Note: Estimated commercial dates.
Commercial
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Created 7/18/2013
