Tenor -The tenor is a type of male singing voice and is the highest male voice within the modal

register. The typical tenor voice lies between C3, the C one octave below middle C, to the A above middle C (A4) in choral m sic, and p to high C (C!) in solo wor". The low e#treme for tenors is ro ghly $% (two $s below middle C). At the highest e#treme, some tenors can sing p to two &s above middle C (&!).'() The term tenor is also applied to instr ments, s ch as the tenor sa#ophone, to indicate their range in relation to other instr ments of the same gro p. *ithin opera, the lowest note in the standard tenor repertoire is A% (+ime, ,erod), b t few roles fall below C3 (one octave below middle C). The high e#treme- many tenor roles in the standard repertoire call for a .tenor C. (C!, one octave above middle C). /ome operatic roles for tenor re0 ire a dar"er timbre and fewer high notes. 1n the leggiero repertoire the highest note is an &! (Art ro in 1 p ritani), therefore, very few tenors can have this role in their repertoire.'%) *ithin m sical theatre, most tenor roles are written between $% and A4, especially the romantic leads, altho gh some fall as low as A% and others as high as 2!. Soprano -A soprano is a singing voice with a vocal range ( sing scientific pitch notation, where middle C 3 C4) from appro#imately middle C (C4) to .high A. (A!) in choral m sic, or to .soprano C. (C4, two octaves above middle C) or higher in operatic m sic. 1n fo r part chorale style harmony, the soprano ta"es the highest part which s ally encompasses the melody.'() &or other styles of singing see 5oice classification in nonclassical m sic. Typically, the term .soprano. refers to female singers b t at times the term male soprano has been sed by men who sing in the soprano vocal range sing falsetto vocal prod ction instead of the modal voice. This practice is most commonly fo nd in the conte#t of choral m sic in 6ngland. ,owever, these men are more commonly referred to as co ntertenors or sopranists. The practice of referring to co ntertenors as .male sopranos. is somewhat controversial within vocal pedagogical circles as these men do not prod ce so nd in the same physiological way that female sopranos do.'%) The singer +ichael +aniaci is the only "nown man who can refer to himself as a tr e male soprano beca se he is able to sing in the soprano vocal range sing the modal voice as a woman wo ld. ,e is able to do this beca se his laryn# never f lly developed d ring p berty.'3) 1n choral m sic, the term soprano refers to a vocal part or line and not a voice type. +ale singers whose voices have not yet changed and are singing the soprano line are technically "nown as .trebles.. The term .boy soprano. is often sed as well, b t this is 7 st a collo0 ialism and not the correct term.'%) ,istorically, women were not allowed to sing in the Ch rch so the soprano roles were given to yo ng boys and later to castrati 8 men whose laryn#es had been fi#ed in a preadolescent state thro gh the process of castration.'4)

The term soprano may also be sed to refer to a member of an instr mental family with the highest range s ch as the soprano sa#ophone.'!) Alto -Alto is a m sical term, derived from the 9atin word alt s, meaning .high., that has several possible interpretations. *hen designating instr ments, .alto. fre0 ently refers to a member of an instr mental family that has the second highest range, below that of the treble or soprano.'() ,ence, for e#ample, the term .alto sa#ophone.. 1n other .families., s ch as the trombone, there is no soprano, the alto having been the highest, altho gh it is absent from the standard modern symphony orchestra. 1n choral m sic, .alto. describes the second highest voice part in a fo r-part chor s. As well as being the modern 1talian word for .high., in the present conte#t it is an 1talian abbreviation derived from the 9atin phrase contratenor alt s, sed in medieval polyphony, s ally to describe the highest of three parts, the line of which was in co nterpoint (in other words, against 3 contra) with the tenor (which .held. the main melody: this word itself originates in the 9atin verb tenere, meaning .to hold.). The alto range in choral m sic is appro#imately from 23 (the 2 below middle C) to &! (the & in the second octave above middle C). 1n common sage, alto is sed to describe the voice type that typically sings this part, tho gh this is not strictly correct- alto, li"e the other three standard modern choral voice classifications (soprano, tenor and bass) was originally intended to describe a part within a homophonic or polyphonic te#t re, rather than an individ al voice type'%): neither are the terms alto and contralto interchangeable or synonymo s, tho gh they are often treated as s ch. Altho gh some women who sing alto in a choir are contraltos, many wo ld be more acc rately called me;;o-sopranos (a voice of somewhat higher range and different timbre), and many men co ntertenors (this latter term is a so rce of considerable controversy, some a thorities preferring the sage of the term .male alto. for those co ntertenors who se a predominantly falsetto voice prod ction). The contralto voice is a matter of vocal timbre and vocal tessit ra as well as range, and a classically-trained solo contralto wo ld s ally have a range greater than that of a normal choral alto part in both the pper and lower ranges. ,owever, the vocal tessit ra of a classically trained contralto wo ld still ma"e these singers more comfortable singing in the lower part of the voice. A choral non-solo contralto may also have a low range down to <3 (th s perhaps finding it easier to sing the choral tenor part), b t some wo ld have diffic lty singing above 6!. 1n a choral conte#t me;;o-sopranos and contraltos might sing the alto part, together with co ntertenors, th s having three vocal timbres (and two means of vocal prod ction) singing the same notes.'3) Alto is rarely sed to describe a solo voice, tho gh there is a plethora of terms in common sage in vario s lang ages and in different c lt res for solo singers in this range. 6#amples incl de contralto, co ntertenor, ha te-contre, and tenor altino among others. The term alto is also sed to designate a specific "ind of m sical clef.

Bass - A bass is a type of male singing voice and possesses the lowest vocal range of all voice types. According to The =ew 2rove <ictionary of >pera, a bass is typically classified as having a range e#tending from aro nd the second & below middle C to the 6 above middle C (i.e., &%?64).'() 1ts tessit ra, or comfortable range, is normally defined by the o termost lines of the bass clef. /oprano - is the high female voice. They s ally sing the melody. $eca se o r ears are calibrated to hear higher pitches more clearly, the soprano is s ally what we hear first when we listen to a choir. Tenor - is the high male voice. The tenor voice is relatively rare, which is why tenors are val ed in the choral world. They add brilliance to the so nd. Alto -is the low female voice. They sing harmony, which s ally means lots of wor" and little glory. @o Ad certainly notice the difference, tho gh, if they all got tired and left. Altos add warmth and richness to the so nd. $ass -is the low female voice. They sing harmony, which s ally means lots of wor" and little glory. @o Ad certainly notice the difference, tho gh, if they all got tired and left. Altos add warmth and richness to the so nd. A few other voice types yo might enco nter are treble, me;;o-soprano and baritone. .Treble. is s ally sed for boys who sing in the soprano range. .+e;;o-soprano. is the medi m female voice, higher than alto and lower than soprano. 1t is not commonly sed as a category in choral m sic, b t is fre0 ently applied to soloists. .$aritone. is the medi m male voice, higher than bass and lower than tenor. 1n many choirs, baritones act as a s bset of the bass section. Contralto is the deepest female classical singing voice,[1] with the lowest tessitura,[2] falling between tenor and mezzo-soprano. In scientific pitch notation, it t picall ranges between the ! below middle " #!$% to two &s above middle " #&'%, although at the e(tremes some voices can reach the ) below middle " #)$% or two *s above middle C ($!).