Chapter 6

CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION AND FURTHER RESEARCH

6.1 Introduction
The tart!in" ur"e o# attrition at a!! !e$e! in the %PO indu tr& ince the &ear '(() opened up an une*p!ored arena #or re earch. It +oti$ated +an& re earcher to ,or- on %PO . and re!ated area !i-e tre and attrition in the indu tr&. "ro,th o# the indu tr& and e+p!o&+ent opportunitie that it

,a /reedin". 0ariou ,or- done on %PO unearthed detai! a/out attrition. pre$ai!in" e+p!o&ee ati #action. e*i tin" tre and a! o a/out the "ro,th o# the indu tr&. On c!o e!& +onitorin" a!! the

,or- done and a!! the re!e$ant !iterature in thi #ie!d. it ,a #ound that not +uch o# an e*hau ti$e and tructured ,or- ,a done co!!a/oratin" attrition and retention ,ith re pect to e+p!o&ee +oti$ation. e+p!o&ee in$o!$e+ent. e+p!o&ee ati #action etc in the %PO indu tr&. O,in" to thi !acuna. the re earch ai+ed at inten e!& e*p!orin" the i ue o# attrition and contri/utin" to retention in the %PO indu tr& in India. It endea$ored to #ind out the cau e o# attrition throu"h econdar& and pri+ar& data. identi#& #actor #or retention and propo e a +ode! #or e+p!o&ee retention. The tud& ,a carried out in the NCR re"ion on a pan o# t,o &ear ,hich inc!uded data co!!ection a ,e!! a ana!& i . The #indin" o# the tud& are 1uite re+ar-a/!e and ha$e i++en e i+p!ication #or the %PO indu tr&. Thi chapter hi"h!i"ht the re earch +ethodo!o"&. u++ari2e the conc!u ion . tate the i+p!ication o# the re earch. en!i t the reco++endation . and put #or,ard the #uture cope o# the re earch.

6.' Re earch 3ethodo!o"&

The re earch had three co+ponent and thu . a & te+atic and or"ani2ed +ethodo!o"& ,a o/tained #or the a+e. A ur$e& in tru+ent ,a The popu!ation #or thi peci#ica!!& de i"ned to o/tain the re1uired in#or+ation.

tud& co+pri ed o# e+p!o&ee ,or-in" in $ariou %PO in the Nationa! tud&. Si+p!e rando+ a+p!in" techni1ue

Capita! Re"ion. A a+p!e i2e o# 4(( ,a ta-en #or thi

,a u ed to "ather data #ro+ the re pondent . The 1ue tionnaire ,a intricate!& de i"ned to tap the de+o"raphic $aria/!e inc!udin" a"e. education. "ender. +arita! tatu . and tenure o# the re pondent . It a! o "athered in#or+ation a/out the #actor re pon i/!e #or attrition. the #actor that can /e e+p!o&ed to retain the e+p!o&ee in a %PO. their o$era!! !e$e! o# ati #action. +oti$ation.
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Conc!u ion and Further Re earch

in$o!$e+ent and !i#e intere t and ,or- co+pati/i!it&. 3ain data co!!ection /e"an in the +onth o# 5u!& '((6. Stati tica! Pac-a"e #or the Socia! Science 7SPSS8 $er ion 19.( ,a re!i"iou !& u ed #or the tati tica! ana!& e . 0ariou tati tica! too! ,ere u ed to ana!&2e data !i-e de cripti$e tati tic

to 1uantitati$e!& u++ari2e the data: #actor ana!& i to e*tract #actor o# attrition and retention: t; te t and Duncan< +ean te t to co+pare +ean o# the di+en ion acro $ariou cate"orie :

corre!ation to #ind out the re!ation hip /et,een t,o $aria/!e : re"re ion to #ind out the deter+inant o# a dependent $aria/!e. =ith the he!p o# the e te t . the data ,a ana!&2ed. ucce #u!!&

6.> Su++ar& o# Conc!u ion

The o/?ecti$e o# the re earch ,ere the #o!!o,in"@ 1. To identi#& and ran- the #actor o# attrition in %PO /a ed on accu+u!ati$e !iterature re$ie, and econdar& data. '. To e*p!ore and ana!&2e the di+en ion o# attrition in %PO /a ed on pri+ar& data co!!ected #ro+ #ie!d ur$e&. >. To identi#& and e*p!ore the di+en ion o# e+p!o&ee retention in %PO /a ed on pri+ar& data co!!ected #ro+ #ie!d ur$e&. ). To de$e!op a re"re ion +ode! #or e ca!atin" the ta& o# e+p!o&ee in %PO and "i$e reco++endation #or the a+e. 4. To a e the e*i tin" !e$e! o# e+p!o&ee +oti$ation and $a!idate the +ode! /& tud&in" the

i+pact o# reco++endation on a +a!! patch In the pur$ie, o# the e o/?ecti$e . an e*tre+e!& crupu!ou and con cientiou re earch ,a carried out in the %PO ector. A#ter the in;depth and co+prehen i$e tud&. the #o!!o,in" conc!u ion ,ere arri$ed at. 6.>.1 0iciou Circ!e o# attrition in %PO indu tr& O/?ecti$e 1. To identi#& and ran- the #actor o# attrition in %PO /a ed on accu+u!ati$e !iterature re$ie, and econdar& data. In order to "ain a deeper under tandin" a/out the pheno+enon o# hi"h attrition. and identi#ication o# the #actor /ehind it. a !ot o# !iterature on %PO. particu!ar!& ,hat "ot pu/!i hed durin" '(() and '((4 ,a in thi tudied in detai!. 3a?or cau a! #actor #or hi"h attrition in Indian %PO indu tr& identi#ied
Ph. D. The i

tud& ,ere /a ed on 1ua!itati$e re earch u in" econdar& data. The e ,ere co+pared ,ith 1)1

Chapter 6

cau a! #actor #or attrition identi#ied throu"h per ona! inter$ie, ,ith a nu+/er o# %PO e+p!o&ee in the NCR. There ,a a c!o e i+i!arit& /et,een the t,o re u!t . authenticatin" the 1ua!itati$e re earch on cau a! a"ent #or attrition identi#ied in thi tud&. The tud& ran-ed !o, percei$ed $a!ue hared /& hi"h a!ar&

and +onotonou ,or- a nu+/er one #actor attrition. Ran- t,o ,a

e*pectation and unu ua! ,or-in" hour . Ne*t #actor ,a di i!!u ioned e+p!o&ee : ran- #our ,a hared /& tre and /urnout. pre ure to per#or+ on +etric . and !ac- o# +oti$ation. Fina!!& ran-

#i$e ,a ?oint!& hared /& !ac- o# ecurit& and ocia! interaction. On the /a i o# the e ran- and #actor . an intere tin" in#erence ,a dra,n. Lo, percei$ed $a!ue tand out a the +o t i"ni#icant #actor #or attrition. Increa ed di ati #action !ead to reduced +oti$ation. ,hich in turn re u!t in !o,ered e##icienc&. =hen the e##icienc& i !o,ered. e+p!o&ee are not a/!e to de!i$er their e*pected output ,hich re u!t in their !ea$in" the ?o/. =hen e+p!o&ee 1uit. the percei$ed $a!ue i #urther !o,ered. Thu a $iciou circ!e i #or+ed. 3oreo$er. it "i$e ri e to the pre$a!ent "ap in +oti$ation in thi indu tr&. %PO indu tr& i "ro,in" at a ,e!terin" pace /ut the "ap /et,een the actua! and e*pected !e$e! o# e+p!o&ee +oti$ation in the indu tr& i increa in" due to the #or+ation o# a $iciou circ!e. Ne, e+p!o&ee ?oin the indu tr& ,ith e*cite+ent 7/ecau e o# /i" /uc- and $i/rant ,or- cu!ture8 re u!tin" in hi"her !e$e! o# +oti$ation. Ho,e$er. the& oon "et di i!!u ioned a the rea!itie tri-e in. E+p!o&ee +oti$ation "et a /eatin" at a #a t pace. Aap /et,een the actua! and

e*pected !e$e! o# e+p!o&ee +oti$ation increa e a the e+p!o&ee pend !on"er ti+e in %PO indu tr&. The o/?ecti$e conc!uded o+e #indin" a/out attrition throu"h the ,a& o# +oti$ation. 3oti$ationa! +ea ure appropriate #or %PO e+p!o&ee need a c!o e e*a+ination and i+p!e+entation on a hi"h priorit&. Thu . the #ir t o/?ecti$e ,a e##ecti$e!& achie$ed a it re u!ted in the #or+ation o# $iciou circ!e o# attrition and a! o "a$e a c!ear picture o# the "ap in +oti$ation pre$a!ent in the %PO indu tr&. The ne*t o/?ecti$e ai+ed at e*p!orin" the di+en ion o# attrition /a ed on the pri+ar& data co!!ection. 6.>.' E*p!orin" the di+en ion o# attrition in %PO O/?ecti$e '. To e*p!ore and ana!&2e the di+en ion o# attrition in %PO /a ed on pri+ar& data co!!ected #ro+ #ie!d ur$e&. The #ir t o/?ecti$e ,a #u!#i!!ed ,ith the he!p o# a nu+/er o# tati tica! ana!& e that inc!uded #actor ana!& i . re"re ion. t;te t. Duncan< +ean te t. and corre!ation. In order to identi#& and e$a!uate the #actor /ehind attrition /a ed on pri+ar& data. #actor ana!& i ,a done. Principa! co+ponent ana!& i ,a the +ethod o# e*traction. The Bai er ru!e #or nu+/er o# #actor to e*tract ,a app!ied.
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Conc!u ion and Further Re earch

6 #actor ,ere e*tracted $i2. di pirited perceptua! #actor . un#a$ora/!e ,or-in" condition . ho ti!e or"ani2ationa! cu!ture. di contented per ona! #actor . u/ tandard nature o# ?o/. uncon"enia! or"ani2ationa! upport. !o, e!#;#u!#i!!+ent. and +& ti#ied career path. The ne*t tep in$o!$ed co+putin" the corre!ation /et,een the independent $aria/!e and the dependent $aria/!e in order to #ind out the re!ation hip /et,een the t,o. Su/ tandard nature o# ?o/. di pirited perceptua! #actor . di contented per ona! Factor . uncon"enia! or"ani2ationa! upport. and ho ti!e or"ani2ationa! cu!ture ha$e i"ni#icant corre!ation ,ith the dependent $aria/!e that i pro/a/i!it& o# 1uittin" the or"ani2ation. A!! the corre!ation are po iti$e. It hou!d /e noted here that the dependent $aria/!e in the e1uation i the e+p!o&ee< pro/a/i!it& o# 1uittin" the or"ani2ation and a!! the independent $aria/!e are po iti$e!& corre!ated ,ith it. That +ean the e pe i+i tic di+en ion !i-e u/ tandard nature o# ?o/. di pirited perceptua! #actor . di contented per ona! #actor etc are po iti$e!& corre!ated ,ith the e+p!o&ee < pro/a/i!it& o# 1uittin" an or"ani2ation. The on!& three $aria/!e ,hich do not ha$e a i"ni#icant corre!ation are !o, e!# #u!#i!!+ent #actor . +& ti#ied career path and un#a$ora/!e ,or-in" condition . That +ean it cannot /e aid ,ith tati tica! i"ni#icance that pro/a/i!it& o# 1uittin" increa e ,ith the increa e o# uncertaint& o# career "ro,th or poor +entorin" or e$en achie$e+ent not /ein" reco"ni2ed. Re"re ion ana!& i ,a a! o done in order to #ind out the contri/ution o# the e #actor to the ta& o# an e+p!o&ee. Su/ tandard nature o# the ?o/. di contented per ona! #actor . uncon"enia! or"ani2ationa! upport. di pirited perceptua! #actor and ho ti!e or"ani2ationa! cu!ture are the +ain deter+inant o# attrition in the %PO indu tr&. The $a!ue o# +u!tip!e R i (.6( and the $a!ue o# r 1uare i (.>6 in the e1uation. It tate that >6C o# the attrition in a %PO i e*p!ained /& the e #actor . An e+p!o&ee tend to !ea$e the or"ani2ation /ecau e o# the u/ tandard nature o# the ?o/. di contented per ona! #actor . uncon"enia! or"ani2ationa! upport. di pirited perceptua! #actor and ho ti!e or"ani2ationa! cu!ture. The e di+en ion ,ere then co+pared acro a!! the per ona! characteri tic i.e. a"e. "ender.

+arita! tatu and education. In the "ender di+en ion. #actor !i-e di pirited perceptua! #actor . un#a$ora/!e ,or-in" condition . di contented per ona! #actor . +onotonou nature o# ?o/. and !o, e!# #u!#i!!+ent #actor had i"ni#icant di##erence in the +ean $a!ue o# +a!e and #e+a!e . Di pirited perceptua! #actor . di contented per ona! #actor . and !o, e!#;#u!#i!!+ent #actor ,ere ran-ed hi"her /& +a!e e+p!o&ee .

1)>

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Chapter 6

In the +arita! tatu di+en ion. i"ni#icant di##erence ,a #ound in the +ean $a!ue o# di pirited perceptua! #actor . un#a$ora/!e ,or-in" condition . di contented per ona! #actor . ho ti!e or"ani2ationa! cu!ture. uncon"enia! or"ani2ationa! upport and !o, e!# #u!#i!!+ent #actor . Uncon"enia! or"ani2ationa! upport. ho ti!e or"ani2ationa! cu!ture. !o, e!#;#u!#i!!+ent #actor . di contented per ona! #actor . and di pirited perceptua! #actor a #actor re pon i/!e #or attrition ,ere ran-ed hi"her /& +arried e+p!o&ee a co+pared to un+arried e+p!o&ee . In the education di+en ion. a!! the #actor e*cept #or +& ti#ied career path had i"ni#icant di##erence in +ean and tandard de$iation $a!ue /et,een "raduate and po t;"raduate re pondent . Factor !i-e ho ti!e or"ani2ationa! cu!ture. uncon"enia! or"ani2ationa! upport. and di pirited perceptua! #actor ,ere hi"h!& i"ni#icant a co+pared to other . Ho ti!e or"ani2ationa! cu!ture. uncon"enia! or"ani2ationa! upport. +onotonou nature o# ?o/. di contented per ona! #actor . and un#a$ora/!e ,or-in" condition ,ere a!! ran-ed hi"her /& "raduate a co+pared to po t "raduate . Po t "raduate e+p!o&ee ran-ed perceptua! #actor and e!#;#u!#i!!+ent #actor a i+portant rea on #or !ea$in" an or"ani2ation. In the a"e di+en ion. di pirited perceptua! #actor and +onotonou nature o# ?o/ ho,ed hi"h!& i"ni#icant di##erence in +ean and tandard de$iation $a!ue . 3& ti#ied career path. un#a$ora/!e ,or-in" condition and ho ti!e or"ani2ationa! cu!ture ,ere other i"ni#icant #actor . Or"ani2ationa! cu!ture. ,or-in" condition . nature o# ?o/ ,a ran-ed hi"he t /& e+p!o&ee !e than '4 &ear o#

a"e. Di pirited perceptua! #actor a!on" ,ith +& ti#ied career path ,ere ran-ed hi"he t /& e+p!o&ee +ore than >4 &ear o# a"e than other !e =hen the di+en ion ,ere co+pared acro a"ed e+p!o&ee .

the three tenure "roup . uncon"enia! or"ani2ationa!

upport. ho ti!e or"ani2ationa! cu!ture. !o, e!#;#u!#i!!+ent #actor . and di contented per ona! #actor ho,ed i"ni#icant di##erence in +ean and tandard de$iation $a!ue . Un#a$ora/!e ,or-in"

condition . di pirited perceptua! #actor and u/ tandard nature o# ?o/ did not ha$e an& i"ni#icant di##erence in the +ean $a!ue or tandard de$iation . F $a!ue ,a hi"he t in ca e o# or"ani2ationa! upport. Thi #actor ,a ran-ed hi"he t /& re pondent ,ith !e than 1 &ear o# ?o/. Ho ti!e

or"ani2ationa! cu!ture. di contented per ona! #actor . and +& ti#ied career path ,a ran-ed hi"he t /& re pondent ,ith +ore than > &ear o# e*perience. E+p!o&ee ,ith 1 to > &ear o# e*perience ran-ed !o, e!# #u!#i!!+ent #actor a the hi"he t.

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Conc!u ion and Further Re earch

6.>.> E*p!orin" the di+en ion o# e+p!o&ee retention O/?ecti$e >. To identi#& and e*p!ore the di+en ion o# e+p!o&ee retention in %PO /a ed on pri+ar& data co!!ected #ro+ #ie!d ur$e&. For the #u!#i!!+ent o# the third o/?ecti$e. a erie o# tati tica! ana!& e ,ere done. It /e"an ,ith #actor ana!& i . #o!!o,ed /& +ean te t to co+pare the di+en ion acro $ariou characteri tic

and ended ,ith the co+putation o# corre!ation . In order to identi#& and e$a!uate the #actor /ehind retention /a ed on pri+ar& data. #actor ana!& i ,a done. Principa! co+ponent ana!& i ,a the +ethod o# e*traction. The Bai er ru!e #or nu+/er o# #actor to e*tract ,a app!ied. A!! tota! ) #actor ,ere e*tracted $i2. intrin ic +oti$ation #actor : h&"iene: !i#e intere t and ,or- co+pati/i!it& #actor : and in$o!$e+ent #actor . The di+en ion o# retention o #or+u!ated a#ter the #actor ana!& i ,ere then co+pared acro $ariou per ona! characteri tic o# the re pondent cho en #or the tud&. On the /a i o# "ender co+pari on. e*trin ic h&"iene #actor . in$o!$e+ent #actor and !i#e intere t and ,or- co+pati/i!it& #actor had their +ean $a!ue i"ni#icant!& hi"her in ca e o# #e+a!e a co+pared to +a!e . On the the

/a i o# +arita! tatu co+pari on. the +ean $a!ue o# in$o!$e+ent #actor ,a hi"her in ca e o# +arried e+p!o&ee than un+arried one . On the /a i o# education. a!! the #actor e*cept in$o!$e+ent #actor had i"ni#icant di##erence in +ean and tandard de$iation $a!ue /et,een "raduate and po t;"raduate re pondent . Li#e intere t and ,or- co+pati/i!it& #actor . intrin ic +oti$ation #actor and e*trin ic h&"iene #actor ,ere a!! ran-ed hi"her /& po t "raduate a co+pared to "raduate . On the /a i o# a"e co+pari on. e*trin ic h&"iene #actor . !i#e intere t and ,or- co+pati/i!it& #actor and intrin ic +oti$ation #actor ho,ed hi"h!& i"ni#icant di##erence in

+ean and tandard de$iation $a!ue . E*trin ic h&"iene #actor : !i#e intere t and ,or- co+pati/i!it&: and intrin ic +oti$ation #actor ,ere ran-ed hi"her /& e+p!o&ee +ore than >4 &ear o# a"e than other !e a"ed e+p!o&ee . On the /a i o# tenure "roup . intrin ic +oti$ation #actor and !i#e

intere t and ,or- co+pati/i!it& ,a ran-ed hi"he t /& the re pondent ,ith +ore than > &ear o# tenure. In$o!$e+ent #actor ,a ran-ed hi"he t /& the econd tenure "roup i.e. ,ith 1;> &ear o# tenure in the pre ent or"ani2ation. Re!ation hip ,ere a! o #ound out /et,een the $ariou retention #actor and the percei$ed attitude o# the e+p!o&ee . A!! the corre!ation had po iti$e and i"ni#icant coe##icient . thu tatin" the #act

that i# an or"ani2ation i a/!e to e*p!oit the retention #actor . $i2. +oti$ation #actor . h&"iene 1)4
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Chapter 6

#actor . in$o!$e+ent #actor . and !i#e;intere t and ,or- co+pati/i!it&. the e+p!o&ee can readi!& and $o!untari!& e*pre 6.>.) their ,i!!in"ne to continue.

Re"re ion 3ode! #or retention

O/?ecti$e ). To de$e!op a re"re ion +ode! #or e ca!atin" the ta& o# e+p!o&ee in %PO and "i$e reco++endation #or the a+e. For the #ourth o/?ecti$e. re"re ion ana!& i ,a done. The dependent $aria/!e ,a u tenance in an

or"ani2ation. and the independent $aria/!e ,ere per ona! characteri tic $i2. a"e. "ender. education. +arita! tatu . and retention #actor $i2. +oti$ation #actor . e*trin ic #actor . in$o!$e+ent #actor . and !i#e intere t and ?o/ co+pati/i!it& #actor . A!! the e ei"ht #actor ,ere put in the +ode! a independent $aria/!e and ,i!!in"ne to continue in the or"ani2ation ,a put a the

dependent $aria/!e. Intrin ic +oti$ation #actor . e+p!o&ee in$o!$e+ent #actor . a"e and education are the +ain deter+inant o# retention. The $a!ue o# +u!tip!e R i (.6( and the $a!ue o# r 1uare i (.>6 in the e1uation. It tate that >6C o# the retention in a %PO i e*p!ained /& the e #actor . An e+p!o&ee< u tenance in an or"ani2ation can /e ri"ht#u!!& e*p!ained /& the e #actor . A#ter to ta& in the or"ani2ation

#or+in" the re"re ion +ode!. $a!ue #or each re pondent< ,i!!in"ne

,a ca!cu!ated. The e predicted $a!ue ,ere then co+pared to the actua! $a!ue a "i$en /& the re pondent . There ,a a tron" corre!ation /et,een the actua! and predicted $a!ue . The corre!ation ca+e out to /e (.64DEE ,hich ,a i"ni#icant at (.(1 !e$e!. Thu . on the /a i o# the

re"re ion +ode! it can /e conc!uded that intrin ic +oti$ation #actor : and in$o!$e+ent #actor are 1uite in tru+enta! in retainin" the e+p!o&ee in an or"ani2ation and at the a+e ti+e. a"e and education ne"ati$e!& contri/ute to the u tenance o# the e+p!o&ee in the or"ani2ation. E+p!o&ee in$o!$e+ent i a pro$en too! to +oti$ate and retain e+p!o&ee and accordin" to the re u!t here. it can /e con tructi$e in the Indian %PO too. In the =e t. there ha /een on"oin" intere t in "ettin" ,or-er +ore in$o!$ed in $ariou proce e . uch a deci ion;+a-in" and in#or+ation harin". E+p!o&ee participation add to e+p!o&ee < "ro,th need and en e o# achie$e+ent throu"h a hea!thier dep!o&+ent o# their de*terit& and potentia!. E+p!o&ee participation in p!annin" and deci ion +a-in" and in articu!atin" ne, po!icie a! o act an i+portant too! to i+pro$e e+p!o&ee +oti$ation. Findin" ,a& to intrin ica!!& +oti$ate e+p!o&ee to i+pro$e e##ecti$ene per#or+ance can ha$e !on" !a tin" i+pact on their u tenance too. and

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Conc!u ion and Further Re earch

6.>.4

3ode! 0a!idation the e*i tin" !e$e! o# e+p!o&ee +oti$ation and $a!idate the +ode! /&

O/?ecti$e 4. To a e

tud&in" the i+pact o# reco++endation on a +a!! patch. For the #ina! $a!idation o# the re"re ion +ode!. a +a!! patch te t ,a done on a a+p!e o# 4( e+p!o&ee in Inte!net Pri$ate Ltd. Fe, concrete reco++endation ,ere +ade to the proce +ana"er o# thi %PO and he ,a a -ed to trin"ent!& app!& the e reco++endation . The e+p!o&ee cho en #or thi tud& ,ere the one ,ho had aid the& ,ou!d !ea$e the or"ani2ation i# the& ,ere

o##ered ,or- ,ith the a+e pa& e! e,here. Data ,hich ,a co!!ected. a#ter three +onth o# i+p!e+entation. ,a ana!&2ed tati tica!!&. The re pon e core ,ere put in the re"re ion e1uation a deri$ed #ro+ the #ourth o/?ecti$e and the re u!tant ,i!!in"ne to ta& in the or"ani2ation ,a

ca!cu!ated. The co+pari on ,ith their ori"ina! core c!ear!& re$ea!ed that there ,a an e ca!ation in the core . A! o. the predicted core and the actua! core o# the ,i!!in"ne to continue in the

or"ani2ation ,a put under corre!ation. It ,a #ound that /oth the $a!ue ,ere tron"!& and i"ni#icant!& corre!ated ,ith each other. ,ith coe##icient a (.66EE. Fina!!&. e+p!o&ee ,ere c!a i#ied under #our /road cate"orie /a ed on their !e$e! o# in$o!$e+ent and +oti$ation $i2. detached. di "runt!ed. tru""!er and tar .

6.) Ana!o"& ,ith e ta/!i hed theorie

The re"re ion +ode! #or the retention o# e+p!o&ee in a %PO e*p!ain t,o i+portant #actor i.e. intrin ic +oti$ation #actor and in$o!$e+ent #actor . Thi re u!t i ro/u t!& ana!o"ou ,ith a!! the pre$a!ent and e ta/!i hed theorie o# +oti$ation $i2. Her2/er"< theor&. 3a !o,< theor&. A!der#er< Theor&. 3cC!e!!end< Theor&. Accordin" to a!! the e theorie . the hi"her order need re$o!$e around e!# e tee+. or e!#;actua!i2ation in one ,a& or the other. Accordin" to 3a !o,< theor&. the hi"her;!e$e! need are e!#;e tee+ and e!#;actua!i2ation. On!& ,hen one need i ati #ied. another hi"her;!e$e! need e+er"e and +oti$ate the per on to do o+ethin" to ati #& it. A ati #ied need i no !on"er a +oti$ator. On!& the ne*t !e$e! o# need in the hierarch& ,i!! act a +oti$ator . Once a !e$e! o# need ha /een ati #ied the& no !on"er act a +oti$ator and the indi$idua! then direct attention to,ard the ne*t !e$e! o# need in the hierarch&. Her2/er" dra, a para!!e! ,ith 3a !o,< theor& /ut ,ith a u/t!e di##erence. Accordin" to hi theor&. +oti$ator #actor are #actor that are intrin ic to the ?o/. uch a the content o# the ,or- it e!# and the a$ai!a/i!it& o# opportunitie #or re pon i/i!it&. ad$ance+ent and reco"nition #or achie$e+ent. The 1)9
Ph. D. The i

Chapter 6

+oti$ator #actor . ,hich Her2/er" de cri/ed a Fco+p!e* #actor !eadin" to thi

en e o# per ona!

"ro,th and e!#;actua!i2ationG. ,ou!d then /e a/!e to act on that e+p!o&ee and increa e ?o/ ati #action and producti$it&. Thu . accordin" to thi theor&. in order to +oti$ate ,or-er to,ard hi"her producti$it&. it i i+portant to en ure that the +oti$ator are uti!i2ed to arou e the in tinct o# the e+p!o&ee . Her2/er"< +oti$ator and h&"iene #actor can /e +apped onto 3a !o,< hierarch& o# need ,ith the +oti$ator #actor corre pondin" to the hi"her order need o# e"o and e!#; actua!i2ation. Ne*t. accordin" to A!der#er< ERA theor&. "ro,th need in$o!$e the intrin ic de ire #or per ona! de$e!op+ent and inc!ude the intrin ic e!e+ent o# 3a !o,< e tee+ cate"or& a ,e!! a e!#;actua!i2ation need . Fina!!& accordin" to 3cC!e!!end< theor&. peop!e ,ith a hi"h achie$e+ent need ha$e a co+pe!!in" dri$e to ucceed. The& tri$e #or per ona! achie$e+ent rather than re,ard and ha$e a de ire to do o+ethin" /etter or +ore e##icient!& than it ha /een done /e#ore. The& eeituation ,here the& can attain per ona! re pon i/i!it& #or #indin" o!ution to pro/!e+ . ,here the& can recei$e rapid #eed/ac- on their per#or+ance o the& can te!! ea i!& ,hether the& are i+pro$in" or not. and ,here the& can et +oderate!& cha!!en"in" "oa! . The e ta/!i hed theorie corre!ate +oti$ation ,ith per#or+ance and producti$it&. The tud& done here #ind the corre!ation /et,een +oti$ation and ,i!!in"ne to continue in the or"ani2ation. It i

an e ta/!i hed truth. that i# the e+p!o&ee #ee! intrin ica!!& +oti$ated to ,or- and a! o en"ender en e o# /e!on"in"ne and in$o!$e+ent ,ith hi ,or-. he i !i-e!& to ta& !on"er ,ith the

or"ani2ation. The intrin ic +oti$ation #actor ta-e account o# the #ee!in" o# e!#;#u!#i!!+ent. pre ti"e in ide the or"ani2ation. opportunit& #or ad$ance+ent. opportunit& #or "ro,th. authorit& connected. #ee!in" o# e!#;e tee+. ro!e at the current ?o/ po ition and opportunit& to he!p other . Factor !i-e e!#;#u!#i!!+ent. e!#;e tee+. pre ti"e. ad$ance+ent. "ro,th and authorit& are c!o e!& connected ,ith the hi"her order need o# 3a !o, and Her2/er" and "ro,th need or need #or achie$e+ent /& A!der#er and 3cC!e!!end re pecti$e!&. Fi"ure 19 "i$e a pictoria! repre entation o# the c!o e corre pondence o# the $ariou need;/a ed theorie and the intrin ic +oti$ation #actor re pon i/!e #or retention o# %PO e+p!o&ee . Thu . in a %PO ?o/. in order to retain e+p!o&ee it i i+portant to in#u e the en e o# #u!#i!!+ent and e tee+. /& "i$in" reco"nition. independence. ?o/ $ariet&. e*pandin" the pan o# their contro!. Their career "raph ha to /e ?udiciou !& +ana"ed o a to pro$ide the+ ,ith a !ucid picture o# their "ro,th and u taina/i!it& in the or"ani2ation. Authorit& render e+po,er+ent and e+po,er+ent in pire a po iti$e #ee!in" #or the ?o/ and or"ani2ation to the e+p!o&ee. A!! the e #actor . a!on" ,ith in"rainin" a pirit o# in$o!$e+ent in the e+p!o&ee. can actua!!& /e uti!i2ed to retain the e+p!o&ee #or a #air!& !on"er ter+.
Ph. D. The i

1)6

Conc!u ion and Further Re earch

Retention in %PO =a& throu"h 3oti$ation Her2/er"< 3oti$ation;H&"iene Theor& 3a !o,< Hierarch& Need A!der#er< ERA Theor& 3cC!e!!end< Theor& o# Need

Intrin ic 3oti$ation
Fee!in" o# e!#;#u!#i!!+ent Pre ti"e in ide the or"ani2ation Opportunit& #or ad$ance+ent Opportunit& #or Aro,th Authorit& connected

3oti$ation Factor Achie$e+ent =or- It e!# Re pon i/i!it& Ad$ance+ent H Aro,th

Se!#;Actua!i2ation Need

Need #or Achie$e+ent Aro,th Need

Fee!in" o# e!#;e tee+ Ro!e at the current ?o/ po ition Opportunit& to he!p other

Reco"nition

Se!# E tee+ E"oIE tee+ Need Re pect o# other Socia! Need

Need #or Po,er

H&"iene Factor Super$i ion Interper ona! re!ation hip

Socia! Need

Need #or A##i!iation

5o/ Securit& Co+pan& Po!icie

Interper ona! Securit& Sa#et&ISecurit& Need Ph& ica! Securit& E*i tence Need

Pa& =or-in" Condition

Ph& io!o"ica! Need

Fi"ure 6.1@ Su++ar& o# the re u!t ana!o"ou ,ith the e ta/!i hed theorie

1)D

Ph. D. The i

Chapter 6

6.4 I+p!ication o# the Stud&

%a ed on the conc!u ion deri$ed a#ter the in;depth and co+prehen i$e tud&. #e, i+p!ication can /e +ade a/out e+p!o&ee retention. E+p!o&ee retention i $ita! to the !on" ter+ hea!th and ucce o# an& /u ine or"ani2ation. e pecia!!& in ca e o# %PO ,here the or"ani2ation pend

o +uch in the recruit+ent and their initia! and on "oin" trainin" o# the e+p!o&ee . Or"ani2ationa! i ue uch a ti+e and in$e t+ent in$o!$ed in trainin": -no,!ed"e !o t due to

attrition: +ournin" and in ecure co,or-er and a co t!& rep!ace+ent o# candidate co t a !ot to the or"ani2ation. E+p!o&ee retention doe +atter. The concept o# e+p!o&ee retention hou!d /e $er& di tinct!& under tood and rea!i2ed /& or"ani2ation . It i not ?u t a/out retainin" one in"!e or a "roup o# e+p!o&ee /ut it i a/out the #uture o# retainin" co+petiti$e u taina/i!it& o# +o t e##ecti$e +anpo,er;-e& a et o# an& or"ani2ation. 3an& or"ani2ation ha$e under tood the $a!ue o# hu+an a et o# an or"ani2ation. /ut on!& #e, ha$e ,or-ed to,ard it. In +o t or"ani2ation retention trate"ie are paper truc- /ut neither are the& app!ica/!e in the pur$ie, o# e+p!o&ee de - nor are the& tran !ated into action . The rea on can /e +an&. Such trate"ie are o+eti+e not co++unicated appropriate!& to the e+p!o&ee : the& are o+eti+e unachie$a/!e. and o#ten non;e*ecuta/!e. The retention trate"ie de i"ned hou!d /e uch that the retenti$e #orce are +a*i+i2ed and the de/i!itatin" #orce +ini+i2ed. Atte+pt hou!d /e +ade not to orche trate the retention trate"ie in i o!ation /ut en urin" that it #or+ a part o# the o$era!! trate"ie #or #orti#&in" the pu!! on the hu+an ta!ent. ,hich inc!ude ourcin". ta##in" and de$e!op+ent trate"ie in addition. It hou!d a! o /e noted here that retention po!icie hou!d /e hi"h!i"hted at par ,ith other po!icie o a to

a certain that the e+p!o&ee #ee! the& are hi"h!& $a!ued. Once the e+p!o&ee ,or-in" in the or"ani2ation are +ade to #ee! that the or"ani2ation ho!d hi"h de"ree o# attach+ent to,ard the+. it ha!! /e ea & to incorporate retention trate"ie . The or"ani2ation hou!d incu!cate the $a!ue o# peop!e a et and the dut& o# retention acro a!! !e$e! .

3an& %PO are adoptin" o+e #unda+enta! action to retain e+p!o&ee . inc!udin" a!ar& ur$e& to ta& hou!der to hou!der o# the +ar-et. cu!ture;/ui!din" e*erci e #or e+p!o&ee . e*it inter$ie, . coun e!in". e+p!o&ee de$e!op+ent pro"ra+ . re,ard and reco"nition. a ,e!! a increa ed pa& and /ene#it . So+e o# the o#t,are and IT;/a ed co+panie ha$e ta-en peci#ic tep to increa e e+p!o&ee retention. A an HR +ana"er o# a U.S.;/a ed o#t,are co+pan& tate in a tud& J6)K@
Ph. D. The i

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Conc!u ion and Further Re earch

=e do ha$e $ariou

che+e and incenti$e . etc. One i that ,e u e F#a t trac-

pro"ra+ .G Here the potentia! per#or+er . "ood per#or+er . "et +o$ed on to a #a t trac-. and #a t trac- e entia!!& +ean that &ou +a& ?u+p !e$e! . &ou +a& "et hi"her re pon i/i!itie than +an& other . Another i ,hat ,e ca!! the Fhot -i!! pro"ra+.G Here peop!e ,ith -i!! ,hich are $er& +uch in de+and in the +ar-et "et paid /etter than other . and the !i t o# the -i!! "et pu/!i hed e$er& &ear. peop!e can ac1uire tho e -i!! and +o$e into that e"+ent. The e pro"ra+ ha$e he!ped u a "reat dea!. Incu!catin" the retention cu!ture The +o t i+portant a pect o# incu!catin" the retention cu!ture i to e+pha i2e upon the e+p!o&ee that the or"ani2ation $a!ue the+. Cu!ture o# retention hou!d prioriti2e the I;I;I +ode! i.e. Introduce;Incu!cate;In$o!$e. The detai! are a #o!!o, @ L Introduce to the e+p!o&ee that the or"ani2ation ho!d hi"h de"ree o# attach+ent to,ard the+ $a!ue the+ and /e!ie$e in u tainin" the+. L Incu!cate the cu!ture in the or"ani2ation co++unicatin" to the e+p!o&ee that retention o# e+p!o&ee i not ?u t a e"re"ated ta - o# the H.R. /ut i the re pon i/i!it& o# the ,ho!e #a+i!&. Sea on the ,or- cu!ture that i in &nc ,ith the phi!o oph& o# retainin" the e+p!o&ee . L In$o!$e e+p!o&ee +ore in p!annin" retention trate"ie a co,or-er under tand /etter than uper$i or . Fe, ,a& to create a cu!ture o# retention hou!d inc!ude ta-in" care o# the intrin ic +oti$ation need o# the e+p!o&ee . and in$o!$e+ent #actor . For creatin" a cu!ture o# retention in the or"ani2ation the #o!!o,in" hou!d /e -ept in +ind@ E$en the ordinar& ha o+ethin" e*traordinar&@ No ro!e ,ithin the or"ani2ation hou!d /e

$ie,ed a Mordinar&M. E$er&one hou!d /e "i$en the opportunit& and the "oa! o# /ein" e*traordinar&. Create a +i ion. act upon it. and #ee! proud a/out it@ A +i ion ,hich a tea+ can ta-e pride in hou!d /e created. 141
Ph. D. The i

Chapter 6

Shape up a #ree at+o phere: /rea- a,a& redundant po!icie @ Peop!e hou!d not /e tran"!ed /& +icro;+ana"in" or /& /ur&in" the+ in po!icie and procedure . On!& the nece ar& "uide!ine and too! hou!d /e "i$en. A #ree and !i/erated at+o phere hou!d /e "i$en to the e+p!o&ee . hou!d a! o /e ce!e/rated hou!d /e

Ce!e/rate acti$itie . not ?u t per#or+ance. S+a!! !itt!e pro"re e

and reco"ni2ed. Acti$itie . e##ort . and +ode t i+pro$e+ent in tead o# /i" re u!t noted and prai ed.

Create. Inno$ate. and De i"nate@ E+po,erin" e+p!o&ee #or deci ion +a-in". inno$ation and creati$it& i the -e& to #o ter a po iti$e at+o phere and enhance e+p!o&ee in$o!$e+ent. A!!o,in" the e+p!o&ee to p!a&. ha$e #un and e*peri+ent ,ith ne,ne : encoura"in" the+ to contri/ute to other 7e+p!o&ee . cu to+er and the co++unit&8 in e*traordinar&. inno$ati$e and no$e! ,a& : de i"natin" e+p!o&ee ,ith e*pan ion o# their re pon i/i!itie hori2onta!!&. and e+po,erin" the+ can ha$e +u!tip!&in" e##ect on the !o&a!t& o# the e+p!o&ee .

6.6 Reco++endation @ De$e!opin" Retention Strate"&

Or"ani2ation hou!d ha$e a proacti$e retention trate"& ,hich he!p in reducin" e+p!o&ee hou!d /e di##erent #or di##erent !e$e! o# e+p!o&ee . /ecau e

turno$er. Retention p!an trate"ie

their ro!e are di##erent: their need are di##erent: ,hat +oti$ate the+ are di##erent and ,hat +a-e the+ !ea$e are a! o di##erent. %a ed on the tud& it ha /een een that di+en ion o# ati #action and +oti$ate are i"ni#icant!& di##erent #or e+p!o&ee on the /a i o# a"e. "ender. +arita! tatu and education. Then. the re"re ion +ode! re$ea!ed that intrin ic +oti$ation and in$o!$e+ent #actor . a ,e!! a a"e and education !e$e! contri/ute to the u tenance o# e+p!o&ee in the or"ani2ation. Thu /a ed on the #indin" . it can /e aid i# the e+p!o&ee are +oti$ated and in$o!$ed in the ,or- the& can /e retained. The ea e o# retention ,ou!d depend on their de"ree o# +oti$ation and in$o!$e+ent. It i de ira/!e to p!an e+p!o&ee retention trate"& /& an or"ani2ation. ,hich hou!d co$er #o!!o,in" a pect @ L Reciprocit& i the -e&. E+p!o&ee are in$e tor in the co+pan& and e*pect a return on in$e t+ent. The return can /e in the #or+ o# reco"nition. e+po,er+ent and authorit&. L Retention +u t /e part o# the or"ani2ation< DNA. Succe #u! or"ani2ation ha$e ,o$en retention and en"a"e+ent deep!& into their tructure.

Ph. D. The i

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Conc!u ion and Further Re earch

Lo&a!t& i ne$er "i$en. Lo&a!t& +u t /e earned: e$en ati #ied e+p!o&ee There#ore. de$e!op en e o# !o&a!t& a+on" the e+p!o&ee .

o+eti+e !ea$e.

Or"ani2ation +u t /e een a e+p!o&er o# choice. One ha to co+pete on co+pen ation and /ene#it . /ut ,in on cu!ture. !earnin" and de$e!op+ent.

Star inc!ude +ore than ?u t the top 1(C ;; or 1CN Star are peop!e at an& !e$e! ,ho u tain in the or"ani2ation and /rin" $a!ue to it.

Each "eneration o# e+p!o&ee ha di##erent rea on #or ta&in". For the #ir t ti+e in +odern hi tor&. there are $aried "eneration ,or-in" ide;/&; ide in +o t co+panie o# thi indu tr&. Aenerationa! di##erence continue to po e ne, cha!!en"e to toda&< e+p!o&er . Thu . retainin" the+ need a "eneration;centric approach.

3entor ,ide!& and in /oth direction . %ui!d !earnin" re!ation hip in a!! direction and ho!d a!! partner re pon i/!e #or the ucce .

Train inte!!i"ent!&. Pro$ide on;"oin" retention trainin" in +ana"ea/!e /ite O +a-e it a continuou e##ort and #ind ,a& to i2e the retention p!an to the peci#ic de+o"raphic o# the or"ani2ation.

Create a de$e!op+ent cu!ture. FCareer de$e!op+ent i the ri"ht thin" #or the or"ani2ation 7identi#&in" and de$e!opin" #uture !eader 8. the ri"ht thin" #or the e+p!o&ee 7creatin" a de$e!op+ent en$iron+ent8. and a -e& retention co+ponent.G

Reco"ni2e +ana"er ,ho -eep e+p!o&ee . 3eanin"#u! reco"nition re+ain a potent ener"i2er #or e+p!o&ee and +ana"er a!i-e.

Ta!-in" a/out concrete retention trate"ie . a ,in;,in +ode! can /e propo ed #or retainin" e+p!o&ee in a %PO. The e trate"ie are /a ed on the #indin" o# our current tud&. O,in" to the t,o $er& i+portant #actor i.e. intrin ic +oti$ation and e+p!o&ee in$o!$e+ent. a ,in;,in +ode! can /e cha!-ed out that cater to /oth the e+p!o&er a ,e!! a e+p!o&ee. Need o# the e+p!o&er inc!ude "ettin" +a*i+u+ return #ro+ each e+p!o&ee. reco$erin" trainin" and de$e!op+ent co t . +ini+i2in" co t in ter+ o# ti+e in trainin" ne, ,or-#orce. and en urin" proper +anpo,er p!annin". Need o# the e+p!o&ee inc!ude "ettin" an enriched ?o/ pro#i!e. a

14>

Ph. D. The i

Chapter 6

/etter career path. cha!!en"in" ,or- en$iron+ent. #uture pro pect o# the ?o/: in a nut he!! a ?o/ that ati #ie hi o$era!! need a di cu ed ear!ier. The =in;=in 3ode! The =in;=in +ode! i conceptua!i2ed on the uppo ition that the e+p!o&ee need to /e +ana"ed and retained at each !e$e! uch that pro/a/i!it& o# their 1uittin" i reduced to the +ini+u+. P!an +a& di##erentiate on the /a i o# tenure into hort and !on" ter+ a ,e!! a on the /a i o# u a"e into +iti"ation and contin"enc&. Short Ter+ 3iti"ation P!an %rea- E$en Period One o# the o/?ecti$e at thi !e$e! hou!d /e on retention #or a peci#ied period o# ti+e 7/reae$en period8 o a to reco$er the co t incurred on the e+p!o&ee. Thi inc!uded a a proce hou!d /e #or+a!!&

uch that the or"ani2ation inc!ude thi in con ideration ,hi!e recruitin"

candidate . %rea- e$en period here re#er to the +ini+u+ tipu!ated ti+e #or ,hich an e+p!o&ee +u t /e retained o a to reco$er the co t o# trainin" and e*penditure incurred on the e+p!o&ee. Thi +a& inc!ude #actor !i-e hi a$era"e a!ar&. trainin" co t. e*penditure +ade on the e+p!o&ee. co++i ion paid to recruitin" a"encie . re$enue "enerated /& each e+p!o&ee. Si+i!ar!&. +an& other head can a! o /e inc!uded in the ca!cu!ation o# the /rea- e$en period. Thi ,i!! en ure that the e+p!o&ee ta& ,ith the or"ani2ation at !ea t #or the ti+e o a to reco$er the a+ount pent on hi+. S+a!! Tenure %ond Once thi period i ca!cu!ated. trict action can /e ta-en to en ure that e+p!o&ee do not !ea$e the or"ani2ation /e#ore co+p!etion o# thi +ini+u+ ti+e#ra+e. One uch +ea ure i "ettin" a /ond i"ned /et,een the e+p!o&ee and the e+p!o&er and +a-in" the e+p!o&ee pa& an e*it pena!t& i# he o ,ithdra, /e#ore the e*pir& o# the contract.

Ph. D. The i

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Conc!u ion and Further Re earch

Short Ter+ Contin"enc& P!an Thi p!an ,i!! #ocu on the ,or- en$iron+ent that enhance e+p!o&ee +oti$ation #or the ?o/. It inc!ude ,or- conduci$e and #un #i!!ed en$iron+ent. in#or+a! ,or- cu!ture uitin" to the need o# the &oun" e+p!o&ee . Thi i e entia! #or co+pen atin" the a##ected ocia! !i#e o,nin" to the nature o# the ?o/. Certain +ea ure that can /e inc!uded are ha$in" crPche in ,or-p!ace ,ou!d a! o he!p #or the a+e. #!e*i/!e a!ar& tructure. $aria/!e pa& pac-a"e /a ed on per#or+ance. ,or-in" #ro+ ho+eQ ,hen re1uired #or a hort ter+. pro$idin" ?o/ rotation a+on" t depart+ent uch a 1ua!it&. operation etc on a periodic /a i +onotonou ,or-. Lon" Ter+ 3iti"ation P!an The !on" ter+ +iti"ation p!an are tep ta-en /& the +ana"e+ent to +ini+i2e the i+pact o# attrition uch that the #ir+ doe not #ace !o e on the !on" ter+ /a i . De#inin" ?o/ ro!e ,ou!d he!p in +iti"atin" the e##ect o# attrition. C!ear docu+entation o# the proce per#or+ed o that the proce and the ?o/ uch that e+p!o&ee "et /ored ,ith the a+e

i not dependent upon an e+p!o&ee. Succe ion p!annin" #or the

critica! po ition in the or"ani2ation #or #a ter rep!ace+ent i &et another ,a& to en ure +ini+u+ i+pact o# attrition. An a e +ent and certi#ication can a! o /e he!p#u! in creatin" an e+p!o&a/!e ta!ent poo! ,ith /ench+ar-ed;re1ui ite -i!! #or #ront!ine +ana"e+ent. Lon" Ter+ Contin"enc& P!an The !on" ter+ contin"enc& p!an are atte+pt /& the indu tr& to reduce the attrition a a ,ho!e. To +ini+i2e the trainin" co t . the indu tr& need to ,or- ,ith the "o$ern+ent to introduce cour e at pri$ate !e$e! . ,hich are in !ine ,ith the re1uire+ent o# the ITES;%PO indu tr&. To reduce poachin" o# e+p!o&ee ,ithin the indu tr& /i!atera! a"ree+ent /et,een co+panie hou!d /ein" i"ned. %a ic nor+ are /ein" put in p!ace and code o# ethic i /ein" tre ed upon /& indu tr&. A co++on data/a e hou!d /e +aintained /& a!! the p!a&er o# the indu tr& to en ure that the& are not canni/a!i2in" each other re ource . The indu tr& hou!d !oo- at Tier II and Tier III citie . ,here it can +o$e it operation . The e ,ou!d increa e the re ource poo! a ,e!! a ,ou!d +ini+i2e the attrition. A,arene indu tr& throu"h ad$erti e+ent . Focu need to /e pread in the e citie a/out the

hou!d /e on ha$in" education and on"oin" !earnin" #or

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Ph. D. The i

Chapter 6

the ,or-#orce. pon orin" e+p!o&ee on po t;"raduate pro"ra+ and treatin" app!icant and e+p!o&ee in the a+e ,a& a one treat cu to+er .

6.9 Li+itation and cope #or #urther re earch

The re earch tud& i !i+ited to a #e, a pect . Fir t!&. the tud& ha con idered on!& !i+ited $aria/!e ,hi!e a e in" attrition. retention. and other percei$ed attitude o# the e+p!o&ee . Second!&. +ea urin" attitude o# re pondent i 1uite u/?ecti$e. A!thou"h "reat care ,a ta-en #or preci ion. &et there +a& /e certain "ap ,hich need to /e recti#ied. Third!&. the +ode! need to /e te ted on a !ar"er data et. A!thou"h do2en o# !etter ,ere ent out to co+panie a -in" ,hether the& ,ou!d /e ,i!!in" incorporate the reco++endation and ta-e part in the re earch. on!& a #e, +a!! ca!e or"ani2ation ha$e o #ar a"reed to do o. Perhap +an& #e!t that the do+ain o# attitude !i-e in$o!$e+ent. +oti$ation and ati #action o# their ,or-#orce 7or perhap !ac- o# it8 ,a a en iti$e area and /e!ie$ed that it ,ou!d re#!ect poor!& on the or"ani2ation. Ho,e$er. i# +ore $aria/!e are ta-en into con ideration. and i# the 1ue tion u ed to +ea ure the re pondent < attitude to,ard ,or- are re;e$a!uated and ad?u ted. a /etter re u!t can /e attained. It hou!d /e noted that the tud& ,a conducted in the Nationa! Capita! Re"ion 7NCR8 o# India. Further re earch can /e conducted /& addin" a coup!e o# #acet to it. The tud& can /e rep!icated in other ector ,here attrition ha /eco+e a co++on pro/!e+. IT indu tr& ha c!o e i+i!aritie ,ith that o# a %PO indu tr& ,ith an e1ua!!& a!ar+in" rate o# attrition. Si+i!ar tud& can a! o /e done in ector !i-e ho pita!it&. in#ra tructure. retai!. education etc. a intrin ic +oti$ation /eco+e a pi!!ar #or per#or+ance. !o&a!t& and e$entua! u tenance a!+o t e$er&,here.

Ph. D. The i

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