GCSE Chemistry CF New Structure
1. Basic Chemistry Experimental Techniques and Safety (1) How to use a: Thermometer Balance Measuring Cylinder Pipette Burette ilter Paper "itmus Paper Mortar and Pestle Bunsen Burner Trans$erring a %olid Pouring "i'uids %melling a Chemical Mi(ing the Contents o$ a Test Tu)e *as Collection and +nalysis Heating Materials in a Test Tu)e Testing $or *ases ./aporating a "i'uid Burning a %u)stance in a *as Ha0ard %igns States of matter (2) 1hat is Matter2 Brownian Motion Mass 3olume 4ensity %olid5 "i'uid or *as 6inetic Theory Change o$ %tate Heating and Cooling Cur/es .(pansion and Contraction 4i$$usion 7ate o$ 4i$$usion 4issol/ing 2 4 , 7 & !! !2 !5 2! 23 2, 232 2 3 4 5 7 !! !3 !5 2# & !# !2 !4 !, 2! !22 23 25
Elements, compounds & mixtures (3) Mi(tures and Pure %u)stances Testing $or Purity Homogenous 8complete9 Mi(tures Heterogeneous 8incomplete9 Mi(tures %olutions %olu)ility %eparation .lements Metals and :on;metals Compounds Gas a!s (") Boyle<s law Charles< law *ay "ussac<s law Com)ined gas laws 2. The Atomic Model #tomic Structure ($) +toms and .lements .lement %ym)ols Models o$ +tomic %tructure Plum Pudding Model 7uther$ord<s .(periment %ummary on +tomic %tructure +tomic and mass num)ers =sotopes 7elati/e +tomic Mass :iels Bohr and the 3isi)le %pectrum lame Tests .nergy "e/els Bohr Model Periodic Ta)le .lectron Con$iguration =ons 2 5 , & !2 !3 !& 22 2& 3# 3! 34 37 3& 4# 2 4 , & 2 3 7 & !# !! !4 !5 !, 22
%ondin& (') Bond ormation =onic Bonding %odium Chloride :aming =onic Compounds 4etermining ormulas 4ot and Cross 4iagrams Transition Metals Co/alent Bonding 4ot and Cross +cti/ity Car)on Bonding 3alency Polyatomic =ons Metallic Bonding Structures and (roperties of Solids ()) Material Properties %olid %tructures %olid Properties: 8structure5 )onding5 melting point5 hardness5 conducti/ity5 solu)ility9 #lloys (*) 4e$inition o$ an +lloy Properties o$ +lloys How +lloys 1or> .(amples o$ +lloys #llotropes (+) 4e$inition o$ an +llotrope +llotropes o$ Car)on 8graphite5 diamond9 +llotropes o$ ?(ygen 8o0one9 +llotropes o$ %ulphur 2 3 , 7 2 3 5 7 2 3 4 2 4 & !! !2 !2 !7 !25 2& 3# 32 35
3. Uses o Chemistry ,seful (roducts from -il (1.) Crude ?il ossil uels .(traction o$ ?il Composition o$ Crude ?il %eparation o$ Crude ?il ractionating Tower Crac>ing Hydrocar)ons Com)ustion Polymers Plastics 8Thermoplastic5 Thermoset9 .n/ironmental .$$ects ,seful (roducts from the Earth/s 0rust (11) Metal ?res Composition o$ .arth<s Crust .(traction o$ Metals $rom their ?res Choosing a 7educing +gent .(traction o$ iron @ses o$ =ron .(traction o$ +luminium @ses o$ +luminium Puri$ication o$ Copper )y .lectrolysis "imestone5 Chal> A Mar)le Manu$acture o$ Cement Manu$acture o$ *lass Manu$acture o$ Buic>lime Manu$acture o$ %la>ed "ime ,seful (roducts from the #ir (12) +mmonia Ha)er Process Production o$ :itric +cid :itrogenous ertilisers Protein re'uirements o$ Plants o)tained $rom :itrogenous ertilisers .n/ironmental =ssues 2 3 5 , & 2 3 5 , & !# !! !2 !4 !5 !, !7 !& 2 4 7 & !# !2 !5 !3 !& 23 232
1ndustrial (rocesses (1+) %ulphur %ulphuric +cid C Contact Process @ses o$ %ulphuric +cid =ron C ?(ygen urnace Pre/enting Corrosion +luminium Titanium Hardness o$ 1ater !. Chemical "eactio#s 2epresentin& 2eactions (13) 1hat is Chemical Change2 How to represent a Chemical 7eaction 1ord .'uations ormula .'uations Balancing Chemical .'uations Types o$ 7eaction: Thermal 4ecomposition5 :eutralisation 4isplacement5 Precipitation ?(idation5 7eduction .(othermic5 .ndothermic5 7e/ersi)le #cids and #l3alis (21) +cids Base or +l>ali The pH %cale @ni/ersal =ndicator :eutralisation :eutralisation in @se +cidic "a>es +cid 7eactions: with Metals with Metal ?(ides and Hydro(ides with Car)onates and Hydrogen Car)onates with +mmonia Metal and :on;Metal ?(ides 3 , !# !3 !5 !, !7 !& !2# 2! 2 3 4 , & !# !! !2 !3 3 4 5 & !# !! !2 !5
(eriodic Ta4le (1") 4e/elopment o$ the Periodic Ta)le "aw o$ ?cta/es Mendelee/ +tomic :um)er5 Period5 *roup *roup & ; :o)le *ases *roup ! ; +l>ali Metals 7eactions o$ +l>ali Metals: with Halogens with ?(ygen *roup 7 ; Halogens 7eaction o$ Halogens with Metals @ses o$ Halogens Transition Metals Transition Metals as Catalysts The 2eacti5ity Series (2.) 7eactions o$ Metals with 4ilute +cids 7eactions o$ Metals in 1ater +cti/ation .nergy 7eactions o$ Metals with ?(ygen .(tracting Metals $rom their ?res: 7educing +gents .lectrolysis Predicting 7eactions: 4isplacement 7eactions Metal .(traction $rom ?re 7eaction o$ Metal %ulphates and Metals 7ate o$ Corrosion Dinc ; %acri$icial Metal Electrolysis (2*) .lectrolysis +pparatus .lectrolytes The Mo/ement o$ =ons 7ules $or .lectrode 7eactions Buantitati/e .lectrolysis Current Coulom) .lectrolysis Calculation =ndustrial +pplications .lectroplating 2 3 7 !3 !, !7 !& 2# 2! 22 2 , 7 !# !4 !5 !, !& !& !2# 2! 22 2 2 3 , !2 !& 22 24 25 3# 34 35 37
-r&anic 0hemistry (1*) %aturated A @nsaturated Car)ons +l>anes +l>enes 7eacti/ity o$ +l>anes and +l>enes %aturation 7eactions +ddition 7eactions =somerism +lcohols .thanol .sters Car)o(ylic +cids 5E Measurements in Chemistry 6uantitati5e 0hemistry (1$) Conser/ation o$ Mass 7elati/e +tomic Mass +/erage 7elati/e +tomic Mass 7elati/e Molecular Mass Percentage Composition The Mole Calculating the num)er o$ Moles .mpirical ormulae Percentage Composition Molar 3olumes Concentration o$ %olutions 7eacting Buantities 2ates of 2eaction (22) 7ate o$ 7eaction: 4e$inition =ndustrial =mportance actors +$$ecting Theory .(periments: %odium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric +cid 4ecomposition o$ Hydrogen Pero(ide 3 5 , !3 !4 !3 5 , 7 & !! !3 !5 !, !7 !& !3 3 5 7 7 7 & !! !! !, !7
2eactions !ith En7ymes (23) Biological Catalysts ?ptimum Temperature ./eryday uses o$ .n0ymes ermentation Ener&y Transfers in 2eactions (2$) .nergy Trans$ers .(othermic 7eactions .ndothermic 7eactions .nergy 4iagrams +cti/ation .nergy and Catalysts .nergy Calculations 2e5ersi4le 2eactions (2') 7e/ersi)le 7eactions Thermal 4issociation 4ynamic .'uili)rium Titrations (2)) +cid F Base Titrations Titration .'uipment =ndicator Titration Calculations ,EChemistry and the .arth 0han&es to the #tmosphere (1') How the atmosphere e/ol/ed The 1ater Cycle The Car)on Cycle The :itrogen Cycle 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 2 3 7 2 3 7 !# !2 2 4 5 7
Geolo&ical 0han&es (1)) =gneous 7oc>s %edimentary 7oc>s ossils Metamorphic 7oc>s 7oc> Cycle .arthGs %tructure Plate Tectonics Plate Mo/ements C Constructi/e Boundaries 4estructi/e Boundaries 2 7 !4 !7 !2# 22 2& 3#
