Term paper SUBMITED TO: Sanyam Anand

(Lect. in CSE316)
Topic : BlackBerry

Name

vikas : b36

Roll No Section :

K3205

Acknowledgment
First and foremost I would like to thank my teacher Mr. Sanyam Anand. Who has assigned me this term paper to bring out the creative capabilities in me. I will like to thank my parents for being a source of constant support and providing the necessary financial aids. I would like to show my gratitude towards the library staff and all my friends who helped me in completing my work.

Contents . Introduction !. "istory #. "ardware

$. Software a. Connectivity b. %hones with &lack&erry email client c. 'hird(party software ). Available Models *. &lack&erry Store +. &lack&erry %I, -. .IM patent infringement litigation /. Certification 0. Intelligence agency access . 1sage a. %resident &arack 2bama b. 1se by government forces c. 1se by transportation staff d. 2ther users e. Competition !. .eferences

Introduction
'he &lack&erry is a line of wireless handheld devices and services designed and marketed by &lack&erry 3imited4 formerly known as .esearch In Motion 3imited 5.IM6. 'he first &lack&erry device4 an email pager4 was released in ///. 'he most recent &lack&erry devices are the 7#04 7 04 8 0 and 8). 'he 7 0 and 8 0 were announced on 9anuary #04 !0 #4 and the 8) was announced on May $4 !0 #. 'he user interface varies by model: most had featured a physical 8W;.'< keyboard4 while newer generations have relied on a multi(touch screen and virtual keyboard. &lack&erry devices can shoot video4 take photos and play music: these devices also provide essentials such as web(browsing4 email messaging4 instant messaging4 and the proprietary &lack&erry Messenger. &lack&erry accounts for #= of mobile device sales worldwide in !0 4 making its manufacturer the si>th most popular device maker 5!)= of mobile device sales are smartphones6. 'he consumer &lack&erry Internet Service is available in / countries worldwide on over )00 mobile service operators using various mobile technologies. As of September !0 !4 there were eighty million subscribers worldwide to &lack&erry. In !0 the Caribbean and 3atin America had the highest penetrations of &lack&erry smartphones worldwide4 with up to about $) percent in the region having a &lack&erry device. &lack&erry was widely referred to as ?Crack&erry? in the 1nited States4 which alluded to its e>cessive use by its owners and is a reference to the addictiveness of crack cocaine. 1se of the term Crack&erry became so widespread that in ,ovember !00* Webster@s ,ew World College Aictionary named ?crackberry? the ?,ew Word of the <ear.?

History
'he first &lack&erry device4 the -)04 was introduced in /// as a two(way pager in Munich4 Bermany.'he name &lack&erry was coined by the marketing company 3e>icon &randing. 'he name was chosen due to the resemblance of the keyboard@s buttons to that of the drupelets that compose the blackberry fruit.

'he original &lack&erry devices4 the .IM -)0 and -)+4 used the Aata'AC network. In !00#4 the more commonly known convergent smartphone &lack&erry was released4 which supports push email4 mobile telephone4 te>t messaging4 Internet fa>ing4 Web browsing and other wireless information services. &lack&erry gained marketshare in the mobile industry by concentrating on email. &lack&erry began to offer email service on non(&lack&erry devices4 such as the %alm 'reo4 through the proprietary &lack&erry Connect software. 'he original &lack&erry device had a monochrome display while newer models installed color displays. All newer models have been optimiCed for ?thumbing?4 the use of only the thumbs to type on a keyboard. 'he Storm and Storm ! include a Sure'ype keypad for typing. 2riginally4 system navigation was achieved with the use of a scroll wheel mounted on the right side of device models prior to the -+00. 'he trackwheel was replaced by the trackball with the introduction of the %earl series which allowed $(way scrolling. 'he trackball was replaced by the optical trackpad with the introduction of the Curve -)00 series. Models made to use iA;, networks such as ,e>tel and Mike also incorporate a push(to(talk 5%''6 feature4 similar to a two(way radio. 2n 9anuary #04 !0 #4 &lack&erry announced the release of the 7 0 and 8 0 smartphones. &oth models consist of touch screensD the 7 0 features an all(touch design and the 8 0 combines a 8W;.'< keyboard with touchscreen features. Auring the second financial Euarter of !0 #4 &lack&erry sold *.- million handsets but was lapsed by the sales of competitor ,okia@s 3umia model for the first time. 2n August !4 !0 #4 &lack&erry announced the intention to sell the company due to their increasingly unfavourable financial position and competition in the mobile industry. 3argely due to lower than e>pected sales on the 7 04 &lack&erry announced on September !04 !0 # that $4)00 full( and part(time positions 5an estimated $0= of its operating staff6 have been terminated and its product line has been reduced from si> to four models.F *G 2n September !#4 !0 #4 Fairfa> Financial4 which owns a 0= eEuity stake in &lack&erry4 made an offer to acEuire &lack&erry for H$.+ billion 5at H/.00 per share6. Following the announcement4 &lack&erry announced an acceptance of the offer provisionally but it will continue to seek other offers until ,ovember $4 !0 #.

Hardware
Modern 3'; based handhelds such as the &lack&erry 7 0 have a 8ualcomm Snapdragon S$ %lus .) B"C Aual(Core C%1 and an Adreno !!) .)( .+ B"C B%1. BSM(based &lack&erry handhelds incorporate an A.M +4 / or processor. Some of the &lack&erry models 5'orch /-)0I/-*04 'orch /- 04 and &old //00I//#06 have a .! B"C MSM-*)) Snapdragon processor4 +*- M& system memory4 and - B& of on(board storage. ;ntry(level models4 such as the Curve /#*04 feature a Marvell %JA/$0 clocked at -00 M"C.

Some previous &lack&erry devices4 such as the &old /0004 were eEuipped with Intel JScale *!$ M"C processors. 'he &old /+00 featured a newer version of the &old /000@s processor but is clocked at the same speed. 'he Curve -)!0 featured a ) ! M"C processor4 while &lack&erry -000 series smartphones4 such as the -+00 and the %earl4 are based on the # ! M"C A.M JScale A.Mv)'; %JA/00. An e>ception to this is the &lack&erry -+0+ which is based on the -0 M"C 8ualcomm #!)0 chipset: this was due to the %JA/00 chipset not supporting #B networks. 'he -0 M"C processor in the &lack&erry -+0+ meant the device was often slower to download and render web pages over #B than the -+00 was over ;AB; networks. ;arly &lack&erry devices4 such as the &lack&erry /)04 used Intel -0#-*(based processors.

Software
A new operating system4 &lack&erry 04 was released for two new &lack&erry models 57 0 and 8 06 on 9anuary #04 !0 #. At &lack&erry World !0 !4 .IM C;2 'horsten "eins demonstrated some of the new features of the 2S4 including a camera which is able to rewind frame(by(frame to allow selection of the best shot4 an intelligent4 predictive4 and adapting keyboard4 and a user interface designed around the idea of ?flow?. Apps are available for &lack&erry 0 devices through the &lack&erry World storefront.

Further information: BlackBerry 10

'he previous operating system developed for older &lack&erry devices was &lack&erry 2S which is a proprietary multitasking environment developed by .IM. 'he operating system is designed for use of input devices such as the track wheel4 track ball4 and track pad. 'he 2S provides support for 9ava MIA% .0 and WA% .!. %revious versions allowed wireless synchronisation with Microsoft ;>change Server email and calendar4 as well as with 3otus Aomino email. 2S ).0 provides a subset of MIA% !.04 and allows complete wireless activation and synchronisation with ;>change email4 calendar4 tasks4 notes and contacts4 and adds support for ,ovell BroupWise and 3otus ,otes. 'he &lack&erry Curve /#*04 &lack&erry 'orch /- 04 &old //00I//#04 Curve /# 0I/#!0 and 'orch /-)0I/-*0 feature the most recent &lack&erry 2S + 5launched in !0 6. Apps are available for these devices through &lack&erry World 5which before !0 # was called &lack&erry App World6.

Further information: BlackBerry OS

'hird(party developers can write software using these A%Is4 and proprietary &lack&erry A%Is as well. Any application that makes use of certain restricted functionality must be digitally signed so that it can be associated to a developer account at .IM. 'his signing procedure guarantees the

authorship of an application but does not guarantee the Euality or security of the code. .IM provides tools for developing applications and themes for &lack&erry. Applications and themes can be loaded onto &lack&erry devices through &lack&erry World4 2ver 'he Air 52'A6 through the &lack&erry mobile browser4 or through &lack&erry Aesktop Manager. &lack&erry devices use the proprietary &lack&erry Messenger4 also known as &&M4 software for sending and receiving encrypted instant messages4 voice notes4 images and videos via &lack&erry %I,. As long as your cell phone has a data plan these messages are all free of charge. Some of the features of &&M include groups4 bar(code scanning4 lists4 shared calendars4 &&M Music and integration with apps and games using the &&M social platform. &lack&erry recently announced that it is in the process of shutting down its streaming music service &&M Music4 which is in active for almost two years since its launch. &lack&erry Messenger Music will stop working from 9une !4 !0 #.

Connecti ity BlackBerry Smart!hones for use at a museum in Canada"

&lack&erry smartphones can be integrated into an organisation@s email system through a software package called &lack&erry ;nterprise Server 5&;S6. Kersions of &;S are available for Microsoft ;>change4 3otus Aomino4 ,ovell BroupWise and Boogle Apps. While individual users may be able to use a wireless provider@s email services without having to install &;S themselves4 organisations with multiple users usually run &;S on their own network. Some third(party companies provide hosted &;S solutions. ;very &lack&erry has a uniEue IA called a &lack&erry %I,4 which is used to identify the device to the &;S. &lack&erry now provides a free &;S software called &;S ;>press 5&;SJ6. 'he primary &;S feature is to relay email from a corporate mailbo> to a &lackberry handheld device. 'he &;S monitors the user@s mailbo>4 relaying new messages to the handheld via .IM@s ,etwork 2perations Center 5,2C6 and user@s wireless provider. 'his feature is known as push email4 because all new emails4 contacts4 task entries4 memopad entries4 and calendar entries are pushed out to the &lack&erry device immediately 5as opposed to the user synchronising the data manually or having the device poll the server at intervals6. &lack&erry also supports polling email4 through third party applications. 'he messaging system built into the &lack&erry only understands how to receive messages from a &;S or the &IS4 these services handle the connections to the user@s mail providers. Aevice storage also enables the mobile user to access all data off(line in areas without wireless service. When the user reconnects to wireless service4 the &;S sends the latest data. A feature of the newer models of the &lack&erry is their ability to Euickly track your current location through trilateration without the use of B%S4 thus saving battery life and time. 'rilateration can be used as a Euick4 less battery intensive way to provide location(aware

applications with the co(ordinates of the user. "owever4 the accuracy of &lack&erry trilateration is less than that of B%S due to a number of factors4 including cell tower blockage by large buildings4 mountains4 or distance. &;S also provides handhelds with 'C%II% connectivity accessed through a component called MAS 5Mobile Aata System6 Connection Service.F!+G 'his allows custom application development using data streams on &lack&erry devices based on the Sun Microsystems 9ava M; platform. In addition4 &;S provides network security4 in the form of 'riple A;S or4 more recently4 A;S encryption of all data 5both email and MAS traffic6 that travels between the &lack&erry handheld and a &lack&erry ;nterprise Server. Most providers offer flat monthly pricing via special &lackberry tariffs for unlimited data between &lack&erry units and &;S. In addition to receiving email4 organiCations can make intranets or custom internal applications with unmetered traffic. With more recent versions of the &lack&erry platform4 the MAS is no longer a reEuirement for wireless data access. Starting with 2S #.- or $.04 &lack&erry handhelds can access the Internet 5i.e. 'C%II% access6 without an MAS L formerly only email and WA% access was possible without a &;SIMAS. 'he &;SIMAS is still reEuired for secure email4 data access4 and applications that reEuire WA% from carriers that do not allow WA% access. 'he primary alternative to using &lack&erry ;nterprise Server is to use the &lack&erry Internet Service 5&IS6. &lack&erry Internet Service is available in / countries internationally. &lack&erry Internet Service was developed primarily for the average consumer rather than for the business consumer. 'he service allows users to access %2%#4 IMA%4 and 2utlook Web App 5not via ;>change ActiveSync6 email accounts without connecting through a &lack&erry ;nterprise Server 5&;S6. &lack&erry Internet Service allows up to 0 email accounts to be accessed4 including proprietary as well as public email accounts 5such as Bmail4 "otmail4 <ahoo and A236. &lack&erry Internet Service also supports the push capabilities of various other &lack&erry Applications. Karious applications developed by .IM for &lack&erry utilise the push capabilities of &IS4 such as the Instant Messaging clients 5like Boogle 'alk4 Windows 3ive Messenger and <ahoo Messenger6. 'he MMS4 %I,4 interactive gaming4 mapping and trading applicationsFwhichMG reEuire data plans like &IS 5not Nust Wi(Fi6 for use. 'he service is usually provisioned through a mobile phone service provider4 though &lack&erry actually runs the service. At !0 ( 0( 0 0D00 1'C there was an outage in ;urope4 the Middle ;ast and Africa4 affecting millions of users.F##G 'here was another outage Nust the ne>t day.F#$G &y 2ctober !4 !0 4 the &lackberry Internet Service went down in ,orth America.F#)G .esearch In Motion has been attributing data overload due to switch failures in their two data centres in Waterloo in Canada and Slough in ;ngland as the cause of the service disruptions.

#hones with BlackBerry email client

Several non(&lack&erry mobile phones have been released featuring the &lack&erry email client which connects to &lack&erry servers. Many of these phones have full 8W;.'< keyboards. A'O' 'ilt "'C Advantage J+)00 "'C 'y', Motorola M%>!!04 some models ,okia *- 0 ,okia *-!0 ,okia /#00 ,okia /#00i ,okia /)00 ,okia ;series phones4 e>cept models ,okia ;**4 ,okia ;+ 8tek / 00 8tek /000 Samsung t+ / Siemens SP*) Sony ;ricsson %/ 0 Sony ;ricsson %//0 Sony ;ricsson M*00i Sony ;ricsson %

$hird%!arty software
'hird(party software available for use on &lack&erry devices includes full(featured database management systems4 which can be used to support customer relationship management clients and other applications that must manage large volumes of potentially comple> data. In March !0 4 .IM announced an optional Android player that could play applications developed for the android system would be available for the &lack&erry %lay&ook4 .IM@s first entry in the tablet market.

2n August !$4 !0 &loomberg ,ews reported unofficial rumors that &lack&erry devices would be able to run Android applications when .IM brings 8,J and the Android App %layer to &lack&erry. 2n 2ctober !04 !0 .IM officially announced that Android applications could run4 unmodified4 on the &lack&erry tablet and the newest &lack&erry phones4 using the newest version of its operating system.

A aila&le 'odels A BlackBerry (10

2riginal &lack&erry Main articleD 3ist of &lack&erry products &lack&erry 0 devicesD 3atest Models &lack&erry 7#0 D &lack&erry 7#0 &lack&erry 8 0 5!0 #6D &lack&erry 8 0 &lack&erry 8) 5!0 #6D &lack&erry 8) &lack&erry 7 0 5!0 #6D &lack&erry 7 0 &lack&erry 7#0 5!0 #6 &lack&erry + devicesD &lack&erry &old series 5!0 &lack&erry /+!0 5!0 #6 &lack&erry %orsche Aesign 5!0 !6D &lack&erry %orsche Aesign %@//&lack&erry 'orch series 5!0 &lack&erry 'orch series 5!0 &lack&erry Curve series 5!0 6D &lack&erry 'orch /- 0 6D &lack&erry 'orch /-)0I/-*0 6D &lack&erry /#)0I/#*0I/#+0I/#-0 6D &lack&erry &old //00I//#0I/+/0

&lack&erry Curve /#!0I/!!0 5!0 !6 &lack&erry * devicesD &lack&erry 'orch series 5!0 06D &lack&erry 'orch /-00 &lack&erry Curve series 5!0 06D &lack&erry Curve /#00I/##0 &lack&erry Style /*+0 5!0 06 &lack&erry %earl series 5!0 06D &lack&erry %earl #B / 00I/ 0)

&lack&erry &old series 5!0 0L!0

6D &lack&erry &old /+-0I/+--

BlackBerry ) de ices:
&lack&erry &old series 5!00-L!0 06D &lack&erry &old /000I/+00I/*)0 &lack&erry 'our series 5!00/6D &lack&erry 'our 5/*#06 &lack&erry Storm series 5!00/6D &lack&erry Storm ! 5/)!0I/))06 &lack&erry Storm series 5!00-6D &lack&erry Storm 5/)00I/)#06 &lack&erry Curve series 5!00/L!0 06D &lack&erry Curve -/00 5-/00I-/ 0I-/-06 &lack&erry Curve series 5!00/6D &lack&erry Curve -)!0I-)#0 &lackberry $ and earlier devicesD &lack&erry --00 series 5!00+6D &lack&erry --00I--!0I--#0 &lack&erry %earl series 5!00*6D &lack&erry %earl - 00I0I- !0I- #0

&lack&erry %earl Flip series 5!00-6D &lack&erry %earl Flip -!!0I-!#0 &lack&erry Curve series 5!00+6D &lack&erry Curve -#00 5-#00I-# 0I-#!0I-##0I-#)0i6 ;arly pager modelsD -)04 -)+4 /)04 /)+ Monochrome 9ava(based seriesD )0004 *000 First color seriesD +!004 +)004 ++00 First Sure 'ype phone seriesD + 00

BlackBerry Store
Many &lack&erry retail stores operate outside ,orth America4 such as in 'hailand4 Indonesia4 1nited Arab ;mirates4 and Me>ico. In Aecember !00+ a &lack&erry Store opened in Farmington "ills4 Michigan. 'he store offers &lack&erry device models from A'O'4 '(Mobile4 KeriCon4 and Sprint4 the maNor 1.S. carriers which offer smartphones. 'here were three prior attempts at opening &lack&erry stores in 'oronto and 3ondon 51P64 but they eventually folded. 'here are also &lack&erry Stores operated by Wireless Biant at airports in Atlanta4 &oston4 Charlotte4 Minneapolis(St. %aul4 %hiladelphia4 "ouston4 and ,ewark4 but several have been slated for closing

BlackBerry #I*

&lack&erry %I, is an eight character he>adecimal identification number assigned to each &lack&erry device. %I,s cannot be changed manually on the device 5though &lack&erry technicians are able to reset or update a %I, server(side64 and are locked to each specific &lack&erry. &lack&erry devices can message each other using the %I, directly or by using the &lack&erry Messenger application. &lack&erry %I,s are tracked by &lack&erry ;nterprise Servers and the &lack&erry Internet Service and are used to direct messages to a &lack&erry device. ;mails and any other messages4 such as those from the &lack&erry %ush Service4 are typically directed to a &lack&erry device@s %I,. 'he message can then be routed by a .IM ,etwork 2perations Center4 and sent to a carrier4 which will deliver the message the last mile to the device. In September !0 ! .IM announced that the &lack&erry %I, would be replaced by users@ &lack&erry IA starting in !0 # with the launch of the &lack&erry 0 platform.Fcitation neededG

+I' !atent infringement litigation

In !000 ,'% sent notice of its wireless email patents to a number of companies and offered to license the patents to them. ,'% brought a patent(infringement lawsuit against one of the companies4 .esearch In Motion4 in the 1nited States Aistrict Court for the ;astern Aistrict of Kirginia. 'his court is well known for its strict adherence to timetables and deadlines4 sometimes referred to as the ?rocket docket?4 and is particularly efficient at trying patent cases. 'he Nury eventually found that the ,'% patents were valid: furthermore4 the Nury established that .IM had infringed the patents in a ?willful? manner4 and the infringement had cost ,'% 1SH## million in damages 5the greater of a reasonable royalty or lost profits6. 'he Nudge4 9ames .. Spencer4 increased the damages to 1SH)# million as a punitive measure due to the willful nature of the infringement. "e also instructed .IM to pay ,'%@s legal fees of 1SH$.) million and issued an inNunction ordering .IM to cease and desist infringing the patentsQthis decision would have resulted in the closure of &lack&erry@s systems in the 1S.F)$G .IM appealed all of the findings of the court. 'he inNunction and other remedies were stayed pending the outcome of the appeals. In March !00) during the appeals process4 .IM and ,'% tried to negotiate a settlement of their dispute: the settlement was to be for H$)0 million. ,egotiations broke down due to other issues. 2n 9une 04 !00)4 the matter returned to the courts. In early ,ovember !00) the 1S Aepartment of 9ustice filed a brief reEuesting that .IM@s service be allowed to continue because of the large number of &lack&erry users in the 1S Federal Bovernment. In 9anuary !00* the 1S Supreme Court refused to hear .IM@s appeal of the holding of liability for patent infringement4 and the matter was returned to a lower court. 'he prior granted inNunction preventing all .IM sales in the 1S and use of the &lack&erry device might have been

enforced by the presiding district court Nudge had the two parties been unable to reach a settlement. 2n February /4 !00*4 the 1S Aepartment of Aefense 5A2A6 filed a brief stating that an inNunction shutting down the &lack&erry service while e>cluding government users was unworkable. 'he A2A also stated that the &lack&erry was crucial for national security given the large number of government users. 2n February /4 !00*4 .IM announced that it had developed software workarounds that would not infringe the ,'% patents4 and would implement those if the inNunction was enforced. 2n March #4 !00*4 after a stern warning from 9udge Spencer4 .IM and ,'% announced that they had settled their dispute. 1nder the terms of the settlement4 .IM has agreed to pay ,'% H* !.) million 51SA6 in a Rfull and final settlement of all claims.S In a statement4 .IM said that Rall terms of the agreement have been finaliCed and the litigation against .IM has been dismissed by a court order this afternoon. 'he agreement eliminates the need for any further court proceedings or decisions relating to damages or inNunctive relief.S 'he settlement amount is believed low by some analysts4 because of the absence of any future royalties on the technology in Euestion.

Certification
&C;SA 5&lack&erry Certified ;nterprise Sales Associate4 &C;SA$0 in full6 is a &lack&erry Certification for professional users of .IM 5.esearch In Motion6 &lack&erry wireless email devices. 'he Certification reEuires the user to pass several e>ams relating to the &lack&erry Aevice4 all its functions including Aesktop software and providing technical support to Customers of &lack&erry Aevices. 'he &C;SA4 &lack&erry Certified ;nterprise Sales Associate Eualification4 is the first of three levels of professional &lack&erry Certification. &C'A 5&lack&erry Certified 'echnical Associate6 &lack&erry Certified Support Associate '! More information on certifications is on the &lack&erry.com website.F)+G 'he &lack&erry 'echnical Certifications available areD &lack&erry Certified ;nterprise Server Consultant 5&C;SC6 &lack&erry Certified Server Support 'echnician 5&CSS'6 &lack&erry Certified Support 'echnician 5&CS'.6

Intelligence agency access

It was revealed as apart of the !0 # mass surveillance disclosures that the American and &ritish intelligence agencies4 the ,ational Security Agency 5,SA6 and the Bovernment Communications "eadEuarters 5BC"86 respectively4 have access to the user data in &lack&errys. 'he agencies are able to read almost all smartphone information4 including SMS4 location4 emails4 and notes. Aocuments stated that the ,SA was able to access the &lack&erry email system and that they could ?see and read SMS traffic.?F)-G 'here was a brief period in !00/ when the ,SA was unable to access &lack&erry devices4 after &lack&erry changed the way they compress their data. Access to the devices was reestablished by BC"8. In response to the revelations &lack&erry officials stated that ?It is not for us to comment on media reports regarding alleged government surveillance of telecommunications traffic? and added that a ?back door pipeline? to their platform had not been established and did not e>ist. It should be noted that similar access by the intelligence agencies to other mobile devices e>ists4 using similar techniEues to hack into them.

,sage
%resident 2bama with his holstered &lack&erry on a flight to Caen4 ,ormandy4 France4 !00/. 'he advanced encryption capabilities of the &lack&erry Smartphone make it eligible for use by government agencies and state forces alike.

#resident Barack O&ama

'he %resident of the 1nited States4 &arack 2bama4 became known for his dependence on a &lack&erry device for communication during his !00- presidential campaign. Aespite the security issues4 he insisted on using it even after inauguration.F)/G 'his was seen by some as akin to a ?celebrity endorsement4? which marketing e>perts have estimated to be worth between H!) and H)0 million.F*0G

,se &y go ernment forces

An e>ample is the West <orkshire %olice4 which has allowed the increase in the presence of police officers along the streets and a reduction in public spending4 given that each officer could perform the work desk directly via the mobile device4 as well as in several other areas and situations. 'he 1S Federal Bovernment and Aepartment of Aefense are also prominent e>amples of &lack&erry device users4 the latter agency even stating that the &lack&erry smartphone is ?essential for national security?Fcitation neededG because of the large number of &lack&erry users in the government. 'he high encryption standard of &lack&erry smartphones

and the %lay&ook tablet allow them to be the only consumer handheld devices certified for use by 1S Bovernment agencies.

,se &y trans!ortation staff

In the 1nited Pingdom4 South West 'rains and ,orthern .ail have issued &lack&erry devices to guards in order to improve the communication between control4 guards and passengers. In Canada4 'oronto and many other municipalities within Canada have issued &lack&erry devices to most of its employees including but not limited to transportation4 technical4 water and operations inspection staff and all management staff in order to improve the communication between contracted construction companies4 its winter maintenance operations and to assist and successfully organiCe multi(million dollar contracts. 'he devices are the standard mobile device to receive e(mail redirected from BroupWise. 'he City@s e(mail environment is currently set up to support ?2,3<? &lack&erry devices. Aevices from %alm 'reo4 ,okia and others4 including so(called ?&lack&erry Connect? devices4 are not approved for City use because of security4 licensing4 support andIor integration issues. In India4 traffic police in the southern Indian city of &angalore have begun using &lack&erry devices to print e(receipt or e(challan for traffic offenses. 'hey are also used to upload the details of booked cases and to retrieve auto and driver license information.

Other users
;ric Schmidt4 ;>ecutive Chairman of Boogle4 is a longtime &lack&erry user. Although smartphones running Boogle@s Android mobile operating system compete with &lack&erry4 Schmidt said in a !0 # interview that he uses a &lack&erry because he prefers its keyboard. 'he Italian criminal group known as the @,drangheta was reported on February !00/ to have communicated overseas with the Bulf Cartel4 a Me>ican drug cartel4 through the use of the &lack&erry4 since the te>ts are ?normally difficult to intercept?.

Com!etition

'he primary competitors of the &lack&erry are smartphones running Android and the Apple i%hone. &lack&erry has struggled to compete against both and its market share has plunged since !0 4 leading to speculation that it will be unable to survive as an independent going concern. "owever4 it has managed to maintain significant positions in some markets. Aespite market share loss4 on a global basis4 the number of active &lack&erry subscribers has increased substantially through the years. For e>ample4 for the fiscal period during which the Apple i%hone was first released4 .IM reported that they had a subscriber base of 0.) million &lack&erry subscribers. At the end of !00-4 when Android first hit the market4 .IM reported that

the number of &lack&erry subscribers had increased to ! million. Finally4 in the Euarter ended 9une !-4 !0 !4 .IM announced that the number of &lack&erry subscribers had reached +million globally. After the release of the Apple i%hone ) in September !0 ! .IM C;2 'horsten "eins announced that the current global subscribers is up to -0 million4 which sparked a += Nump in shares.

.eferences . www.computerencyclopedia.com !. www.wikians.com #. www.wikipedia.com $. www.wikibooks.com