School of Nautical Studies NAVIGATION No.

19 (Oct 09)

Q1 (a) Leg 1 Ships Head 073T Lee a! 0 %ate& t&ac' 073T 07.00 Log 07."5 Log %(T )ist 207.5 miles 21#.$ miles 12.1 miles

Leg 2 * ) + , T 030.0* 1.0% 02#.0+ ".0% 025.0T 030 020 0"0

2.5%

0.5-

2.5% . (10 / 3) 0 1.0% (20 )

Ships Head 025T Lee a! 0 %ate& t&ac' 025T

07."5 Log 01.10 Log %(T )ist

21#.$ miles 223.1 miles 3.5 miles

From Chart The DR Posn at 08.10 hrs is Lat 0! "#.$ N Lon% 000! "&.$ '
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(() )*+& 01.2# 01.00 0#.00 )*+, 0#.2# 10.00 )* +" 10.2# 11.00 )*+1 11.2# 12.00 )* 12.2# 13.00

-ro. Dai/0 Pa%es 4e5ore )* Ti.e L% 01.0" H% 12.2# 6&edicted 9a5ge A5ter )* Ti.e H% 12.2# L% 20.22 6&edicted 9a5ge )ei%ht 7.0m 0.5m $.5m )ei%ht 0.7m 7.0m $.3m

-ro. 12r3e

Sp&i5g 9a5ge Neap 9a5ge

5.#m 3.3m

Sp&i5g 9a5ge Neap 9a5ge

5.#m 3.3m

-ro. 1hart + Ti.e H% :" H% :3 H% :2 H% :1 H%

6sin% Ti7a/ Dia.on7 4 89rin% Rate 1.1 'ts 1.# 'ts 2.1 'ts 1.5 'ts 0.1 'ts Nea9 Rate 0.$ 'ts 1.1 'ts 1.2 'ts 0.1 'ts 0." 'ts

Direction 077;T 010;T 012;T 07";T 0$$;T

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To 1a/c2/ate the Rate 5or )* +& (08.,0 : 09.00) $.3 a 8 3.3 c 0.$ 1.1 0 1.2 'ts / 30 mi5s ; 0.$ .i/es < 0##!T To 1a/c2/ate the Rate 5or )* +, (09.00 : 10.00) $.3 a 8 3.3 c 1.1 1.# 0 2.0 'ts / 1 h& ; ".0 .i/es < 080!T To 1a/c2/ate the Rate 5or )* +" (10.00 : 11.00) $.3 a 8 3.3 c 1.2 2.1 0 2.2 'ts / 1 h& ; "." .i/es < 08"!T 5.# 0 1.2 . (3.0 / 0.#) (2.$ ) 0 1.2 . (a / c) (8 ) 5.# 0 1.1 . (3.0 / 0.1) (2.$ ) 0 1.1 . (a / c) (8 ) 5.# 0 0.$ . (3.0 / 0.5) (2.$ ) 0 0.$ . (a / c) (8 )

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To 1a/c2/ate the Rate 5or )* +1 (11.00 : 1".00) $.3 a 8 3.3 c 0.1 1.5 0 1.$ 'ts / 1 h& ; 1.$ .i/es < 0#&!T To 1a/c2/ate the Rate 5or )* (1".00 : 1".,0) $.3 a 8 3.3 c 0." 0.1 0 0.1$ 'ts / 30 mi5s ; 0.& .i/es < 0$$!T To 1a/c2/ate the Rate 5or )* (1".,0 : 1,.00) $.5 a 8 3.3 c 0." 0.1 0 0.1# 'ts / 30 mi5s ; 0.& .i/es < 0$$!T <&om the *ha&t The 'P Position at 1,.00 hrs is Lat 0= ,0.0N Lon% 000= ,#."'
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0 0.1 . (a / c) (8 ) 5.# 0 0.1 . (3.0 / 0.7) (2.$ )

0 0." . (a / c) (8 ) 5.# 0 0." . (3.0 / 0.") (2.$ )

0 0." . (a / c) (8 ) 5.# 0 0." . (3.2 / 0.") (2.$ )

School of Nautical Studies

(c) T , + ) 1 010.0T ".0% 01".0+ 7.00##.0!1 * 0$0 010 100 ) ".07.510.501".0 0$".0 017.5 + 0$".0+ 017.5+ 110.5+

".0-

7.5-

".0- . (20.0 / 3.5) 0 7.0(23.5 )

The 1o.9ass 1o2rse to 8teer is 0##= 1

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Q" (a)
?&idge *lea&a5ce 15.7m

*ha&ted Height +H%S Ht a8o4e +H%S Height of Tide : 3i& )&aught : *lea&a5ce

15.7m 5.1m 21.5m 3.2m 1$.5m 1.1m

+H%S

1$.5m

5.1m

Sea Le4el

3.2m

*)

The antici9ate7 1/earance >hen 9assin% 2n7er the 4ri7%e is 1.8. (8)(i) To calculate the ea&liest time Ti.e H% L% 01.55 01.33 )ei%ht ".1m 0.3m H% Height L% Height 6&ed 9a5ge ".1m :0.3m ".5m

<&om the *u&4e H% Time =5te&4al 9e>d Time 01. 55 .2h23m afte& H% 0".11

The 'ar/iest antici9ate7 sa5e 9assin% 2n7er the *ire is 0&.18 hrs

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(ii)

To calculate the latest time Ti.e L% H% 01.33 1".20 )ei%ht 0.3m 5.3m H% Height L% Height 6&ed 9a5ge 5.3m 0.3m 5.0m

<&om the *u&4e H% Time =5te&4al 9e>d Time 1".20 : 2h00m 8efo&e H% 12.20

The Latest sa5e 9assin% Ti.e 2n7er the 4ri7%e on the sa.e ti7e is is 1"."0 hrs

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Q, (a) A(e) 9ule 10 (T&affic Sepa&atio5 Schemes) of the =96*S (+SN1711) states@ 3 4essel othe& tha5 a c&ossi5g 4essel o& a 4essel Boi5i5g o& lea4i5g a la5e shall 5ot 5o&mall! e5te& a sepa&atio5 Co5e o& c&oss a sepa&atio5 li5e e/cept@ (i) i5 cases of eme&ge5c! to a4oid immediate da5ge&D

Si5ce the 4essel has suffe&ed a 8&ea'do 5E a5d &emai5i5g d&ifti5g i5 the t&affic la5e ould put the ship i5 da5ge&E the5 the +aste& is Bustified i5 putti5g the 4essel i5 a place of safet! i.e. i5 the Sepa&atio5 Fo5e.

(8)

9ule 10 (T&affic Sepa&atio5 Schemes) of the =96*S (+SN1711) states@ (8) 3 4essel usi5g a t&affic sepa&atio5 scheme shall@ (i) (ii) (iii) p&oceed i5 the app&op&iate t&affic la5e i5 the ge5e&al di&ectio5 of t&affic flo fo& that la5eD so fa& as p&actica8le 'eep clea& of a t&affic sepa&atio5 li5e o& sepa&atio5 Co5eD 5o&mall! Boi5 o& lea4e a t&affic la5e at the te&mi5atio5 of the la5eE 8ut he5 Boi5i5g o& lea4i5g f&om eithe& side shall do so at as small a5 a5gle to the ge5e&al di&ectio5 of t&affic flo as p&actica8le.

(c)

3 4essel shallE so fa& as p&actica8leE a4oid c&ossi5g t&affic la5es 8ut if o8liged to do so shall c&oss o5 a headi5g as 5ea&l! as p&actica8le at &ight a5gles to the ge5e&al di&ectio5 of t&affic flo . (i) 3 4essel shall 5ot use a5 i5sho&e t&affic Co5e he5 she ca5 safel! use the app&op&iate t&affic la5e ithi5 the adBace5t t&affic sepa&atio5 scheme. Ho e4e&E 4essels of less tha5 20 met&es i5 le5gthE saili5g 4essels a5d 4essels e5gaged i5 fishi5g ma! use the i5sho&e t&affic Co5e.

(d)

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(ii)

Not ithsta5di5g su8:pa&ag&aph (d) (i)E a 4essel ma! use a5 i5sho&e t&affic Co5e he5 e5 &oute to o& f&om a po&tE offsho&e i5stallatio5 o& st&uctu&eE pilot statio5 o& a5! othe& place situated ithi5 the i5sho&e t&affic Co5eE o& to a4oid immediate da5ge&.

(e)

3 4essel othe& tha5 a c&ossi5g 4essel o& a 4essel Boi5i5g o& lea4i5g a la5e shall 5ot 5o&mall! e5te& a sepa&atio5 Co5e o& c&oss a sepa&atio5 li5e e/cept@ (i) (ii) i5 cases of eme&ge5c! to a4oid immediate da5ge&D to e5gage i5 fishi5g ithi5 a sepa&atio5 Co5e.

(f) (g) (h)

3 4essel 5a4igati5g i5 a&eas 5ea& the te&mi5atio5s of t&affic sepa&atio5 schemes shall do so ith pa&ticula& cautio5. 3 4essel shall so fa& as p&actica8le a4oid a5cho&i5g i5 a t&affic sepa&atio5 scheme o& i5 a&eas 5ea& its te&mi5atio5s. 3 4essel 5ot usi5g a t&affic sepa&atio5 scheme shall a4oid it 8! as ide a ma&gi5 as is p&actica8le.

(c)

9ule 3 (Ge5e&al defi5itio5s) of the =96*S (+SN1711) states@ <o& the pu&pose of these 9ulesE e/cept he&e the co5te/t othe& ise &e>ui&es@ (f) The te&m A4essel 5ot u5de& comma5dH mea5s a 4essel hich th&ough some e/ceptio5al ci&cumsta5ce is u5a8le to ma5oeu4&e as &e>ui&ed 8! these 9ules a5d is the&efo&e u5a8le to 'eep out of the a! of a5othe& 4essel.

9ule 2 (9espo5si8ilit!) of the =96*S (+SN1711) states@ (c) =5 co5st&ui5g a5d compl!i5g ith these 9ules due &ega&d shall 8e had to all da5ge&s of 5a4igatio5 a5d collisio5 a5d to a5! special ci&cumsta5cesE i5cludi5g the limitatio5s of the 4essels i54ol4edE hich ma! ma'e a depa&tu&e f&om these 9ules 5ecessa&! to a4oid immediate da5ge&.

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9ule 10 (T&affic Sepa&atio5 Schemes) of the =96*S (+SN1711) states@ (8) 3 4essel usi5g a t&affic sepa&atio5 scheme shall@ (iii) 5o&mall! Boi5 o& lea4e a t&affic la5e at the te&mi5atio5 of the la5eE 8ut he5 Boi5i5g o& lea4i5g f&om eithe& side shall do so at as small a5 a5gle to the ge5e&al di&ectio5 of t&affic flo as p&actica8le.

9ule 27 (,essels 5ot u5de& comma5d o& &est&icted i5 thei& a8ilit! to ma5oeu4&e) of the =96*S (+SN1711) states@ (a) 3 4essel 5ot u5de& comma5d shall e/hi8it@ (i) (ii) (iii) t o all:&ou5d &ed lights i5 a 4e&tical li5e he&e the! ca5 8est 8e see5D t o 8alls o& simila& shapes i5 a 4e&tical li5e he&e the! ca5 8est 8e see5D he5 ma'i5g a! th&ough the ate&E i5 additio5 to the lights p&esc&i8ed i5 this pa&ag&aphE sidelights a5d a ste&5 light.

The e5gi5e 8&ea'do 5 ma'es the 4essel ANot I5de& *omma5dH 8! defi5itio5 i5 the =96*S 9ule 3 (f)E a5d the&efo&e e/empted f&om complia5ce ith the &ules ith &espect to pa&t (8)(iii) 9ule 10E si5ce she is u5a8le to Ama5oeu4&e as &e>ui&ed 8! these &ulesH. She ca55ot a5cho& i5 the TSS (as stated ea&lie&) a5d ould p&ese5t a da5ge& to othe& 4essels if she &emai5ed d&ifti5g ithi5 the t&affic la5e. She the&efo&e 5eeds to lea4e the t&affic la5e as >uic'l! as possi8le hilst the 4essel is still mo4i5g a5d ca5 8e ma5oeu4&ed. This depa&tu&e f&om the &ules is allo a8le u5de& 9ule 2 (8). Gi4e5 that the 4essel has suffe&ed a5 e5gi5e 8&ea'do 5 a5d ca5 o5l! mai5tai5 mome5tum fo& a ce&tai5 dista5ceE she is compl!i5g ith 9ule 10 (8) (iii) i5 that she is lea4i5g at Aas small a5gleH as is p&actica8le gi4e5 the ci&cumsta5ces. 7the& 4essels ould 8e a a&e that she u5a8le ma5oeu4&e as pe& the &ules due to the lights a5d(o& shapes sho desc&i8ed i5 9ule 27(a)
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(d)

I5de& AGe5e&al 6&o4isio5s o5 ShipsJ 9outi5gH The =+7 9outi5g Guide states u5de& pa&ag&aph 1.2@ The p&ecise o8Becti4es of a5! &outei5g s!stem ill depe5d upo5 the pa&ticula& haCa&dous ci&cumsta5ces hich it is i5te5ded to alle4iateE 8ut ma! i5clude some o& all of the follo i5g@ .1 .2 .3 ." .5 the sepa&atio5 of opposi5g st&eams of t&affic so as to &educe the i5cide5ce of head:o5 e5cou5te&sD the &eductio5 of da5ge&s of collisio5 8et ee5 c&ossi5g t&affic a5d shippi5g i5 esta8lished t&affic la5esD the simplificatio5 of the patte&5s of t&affic flo a&easD i5 co54e&gi5g

the o&ga5iCatio5 of safe t&affic flo i5 a&eas of co5ce5t&ated offsho&e e/plo&atio5 o& e/ploitatio5D the o&ga5iCatio5 of t&affic flo i5 o& a&ou5d a&eas he&e 5a4igatio5 8! all ships o& 8! ce&tai5 classes of ship is da5ge&ous o& u5desi&a8leD the o&ga5iCatio5 of safe t&affic flo i5 o& a&ou5d o& at a safe dista5ce f&om e54i&o5me5tall! se5siti4e a&easD the &eductio5 of &is' of g&ou5di5g 8! p&o4idi5g special guida5ce to 4essels i5 a&eas he&e ate& depths a&e u5ce&tai5 o& c&iticalD a5d the guida5ce of t&affic clea& of fishi5g g&ou5ds o& the o&ga5iCatio5 of t&affic th&ough fishi5g g&ou5ds.

.$ .7

.1

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Q& (a) Lat 3 Lat ? )JLat 31; 2$.0JN 3#; 1".0JN 07; "1.0JN 0 "$1JN 175; 20.0J% 171; "1.0J35"; 01.0J3$0 00.0J 5; 5#.0J% 0 35#J% Lat 3 Lat ? K2 +ea5 Lat 31; 2$.0JN .3#; 1".0JN 70; "0.0J 2 35; 20.0JN
2#2.2M

Lo5g 3 Lo5g ? )JLo5g L3$0 )JLo5g

"$1M )ist *o

To *alculate the )epa&tu&e )ep 0 )JLo5g / *os +ea5 Lat 0 35# / *os 35; 20.0J )ep 0 2#2.#J% To *alculate the )ista5ce )ist 0 0 )JLat *os *o "$1 *os 321.0;

To *alculate the *ou&se Ta5 *o 0 )epa&tu&e )JLat 0 2#2.#J "$1 Ta5 *o 0 0.$2510 *o 0 N 32.0 % 0 321;T The Trac? is ,"8= T The Distance is ".1 .i/es

)ist 0 552.1 miles

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(8)(i) Speed

)ista5ce Time

552.1 0 25

22.01 N5ots

The 89ee7 @a7e Goo7 is "".1 ?nots (ii) )9 Lat 78s Lat )JLat The&efo&e )lat 31; 52.0JN 3#; 1".0JN 00; 22.0JN 0 0 0 )&ift 22.0J N )&ift 0 Time 22 25 0 0.11 N5ots )9 Lo5g 78s Lo5g )lo5g 171; "1.0J171; "1.0JNil

9ate

The 8et is D2e North (000!T) The Rate is 0.9 Anots

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Q (a)(i) +GN 315 pa&ag&aph 1.3 states@ A=5 ce&tai5 ci&cumsta5ces of clea& da!light co5ditio5s the +aste& ma! co5side& that the 77% ma! 8e the sole loo':out.H (ii) +GN 315 pa&ag&aph 1.3 states@ <ull accou5t has 8ee5 ta'e5 of all &ele4a5t facto&s i5cludi5g 8ut 5ot limited to@ state of the eathe& 4isi8ilit! t&affic de5sit! p&o/imit! of da5ge&s to 5a4igatio5 the atte5tio5 5ecessa&! he5 5a4igati5g i5 o& 5ea& t&affic sepa&atio5 schemes desig5 a5d la!out of the 8&idge a&cs of 4isi8ilit! &ada& e>uipme5t fitted a5d thei& limitatio5s ith &espect to 5a4igatio5 othe& duties that the office& ma! ha4e to e5gage i5 a5d hich could 8e a dist&actio5 f&om the 'eepi5g of a p&ope& loo':out such as@ ope&atio5 of G+)SS a5d othe& commu5icatio5s e>uipme5t such as cell pho5es a5d email s!stems 5a4igatio5al mai5te5a5ce such as completio5 of logs a5d othe& &eco&d 'eepi5g a5d co&&ectio5 of cha&ts a5d pu8licatio5s

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&outi5e testi5g a5d mai5te5a5ce of 8&idge e>uipme5t

=5 a5! e4e5tE a5 77% acti5g as sole loo':out should al a!s 8e a8le to full! pe&fo&m 8oth the duties of a loo':out a5d those of 'eepi5g a safe 5a4igatio5al atch. 3ssista5ce must 8e immediatel! a4aila8le to 8e summo5ed to the 8&idge he5 a5! cha5ge i5 the situatio5 so &e>ui&es.H (iii) +GN 315 pa&ag&aph #.2 states@ A3s a a! of full! e5gagi5g the loo':outJs atte5tio5 co5side&atio5 should 8e gi4e5 to 'eepi5g the loo':out app&aised of the cu&&e5t 5a4igatio5al situatio5 ith &ega&d to e/pected t&afficE 8uo!ageE eathe&E la5dfallE pilotage a5d a5! othe& ci&cumsta5ce &ele4a5t to good atch'eepi5g.H (8)(i) The ?&idge 6&ocedu&es Guide -ditio5 " (2007) pa&ag&aph 1.2.5 AThe ?&idge TeamH states@ AThe 8&idge team is esta8lished so that the most effecti4e use ca5 8e made of a4aila8le ma5po e& i5 o&de& that esta8lished o&' p&ocedu&es a&e follo edE &is' is mi5imised a5d ships a&e 5a4igated safel!. 3ll shipJs pe&so55el ho ha4e 8&idge 5a4igatio5al atch duties ill 8e pa&t of the 8&idge team. The maste& a5d pilot(s)E as 5ecessa&!E ill 5eed the suppo&t of the teamE hich ill comp&ise the 00%E a helmsma5 a5d loo':out(s) as &e>ui&ed. The 00% is i5 cha&ge of the 8&idge a5d the 8&idge team fo& that atchE u5til &elie4ed. =t is impo&ta5t that the 8&idge team o&'s togethe& closel!E 8oth ithi5 a pa&ticula& atch a5d ac&oss atchesE si5ce decisio5s made o5 o5e atch ma! ha4e a5 impact o5 a5othe& atch. The 8&idge team also has a5 impo&ta5t &ole i5 mai5tai5i5g commu5icatio5s ith the e5gi5e &oom a5d othe& ope&ati5g a&eas o5 the shipH

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(ii) The ?&idge 6&ocedu&es Guide -ditio5 " (2007) pa&ag&aph 1.2. A*ompositio5 of the 5a4igatio5al atch u5de& the ST*% *odeH states@ =5 dete&mi5i5g hethe& the compositio5 of the 5a4igatio5al atch is ade>uate to e5su&e that a p&ope& loo':out ca5 he mai5tai5ed co5ti5uousl!E the maste& should ta'e i5to accou5t all &ele4a5t facto&s i5cludi5g the follo i5g@ o o o 4isi8ilit!E state of eathe& a5d seaD t&affic de5sit!E a5d othe& acti4ities occu&&i5g i5 the a&ea i5 hich the ship is 5a4igati5gD the atte5tio5 5ecessa&! he5 5a4igati5g i5 o& 5ea& t&affic sepa&atio5 schemes o& othe& &outei5g measu&esE o& ithi5 i5dust&iall! co5t&olled o&' Co5esD the additio5al o&'load caused 8! the 5atu&e of the shipJs fu5ctio5sE immediate ope&ati5g &e>ui&eme5ts a5d a5ticipated ma5oeu4&esD the fit5ess fo& dut! of a5! c&e mem8e&s o5 call ho a&e assig5ed as mem8e&s of the atchE i5cludi5g complia5ce ith applica8le o&' hou& &egulatio5sD '5o ledge of a5d co5fide5ce i5 the p&ofessio5al compete5ce of the shipJs office&s a5d c&e D the e/pe&ie5ce of each 00%E a&id the familia&it! of that 00% ith the shipJs e>uipme5tE p&ocedu&es a5d ma5oeu4&i5g capa8ilit!D acti4ities ta'i5g place o5 8oa&d the ship at a5! pa&ticula& timeE i5cludi5g &adio commu5icatio5 acti4itiesE a5d the a4aila8ilit! of assista5ce to 8e summo5ed immediatel! to the 8&idge he&e 5ecessa&!D the ope&atio5al status of 8&idge i5st&ume5tatio5 a5d co5t&olsE i5cludi5g ala&m s!stemsD &udde& a5d p&opelle& co5t&ol a5d ship ma5oeu4&i5g cha&acte&isticsD the siCe of the ship a5d the field of 4isio5 a4aila8le f&om the co55i5g positio5D

o o o

o o o

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the co5figu&atio5 of the 8&idgeE to the e/te5t that such co5figu&atio5 might i5hi8it a mem8e& of the atch f&om detecti5g 8! sight o& hea&i5g a5! e/te&5al de4elopme5tD if o&'i5g i5 a5 acti4e )6 modeE the 5eed fo& a dedicatedE compete5t )67 to 8e i5 cha&ge of the positio5i5g of the ship a5d the ope&atio5 of the )6 s!stemD a5! othe& &ele4a5t sta5da&dE p&ocedu&e o& guida5ce &elati5g to atch'eepi5g a&&a5geme5ts a5d fit5ess fo& dut!.

(Note to Students only 10 of the above bullet points need to be stated in the SQA exam)

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