EE801 POWER QUALITY 1. INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY Terms and definitions: Overloading - under voltage - over voltage.

Concepts of transients - short duration variations such as interruption - long duration variation such as sustained interruption. Sags and swells - voltage sag - voltage swell voltage imbalance - voltage fluctuation - power frequency variations. International standards of power quality. Computer usiness !quipment "anufacturers #ssociations $C !"#% curve. 2. VOLTAGE SAGS AND INTERRUPTIONS Sources of sags and interruptions - estimating voltage sag performance. Thevenin&s equivalent source - analysis and calculation of various faulted condition. 'oltage sag due to induction motor starting. !stimation of the sag severity - mitigation of voltage sags( active series compensators. Static transfer switches and fast transfer switches. 3. OVERVOLTAGES Sources of over voltages - Capacitor switching ) lightning - ferro resonance. "itigation of voltage swells - surge arresters - low pass filters - power conditioners. *ightning protection ) shielding - line arresters - protection of transformers and cables. #n introduction to computer analysis tools for transients( +SC#, and !"T+. 4. HARMONICS -armonic sources from commercial and industrial loads( locating harmonic sources. +ower system response characteristics - -armonics 's transients. !ffect of harmonics - harmonic distortion - voltage and current distortion - harmonic indices - inter harmonics ) resonance. -armonic distortion evaluation - devices for controlling harmonic distortion - passive and active filters. I!!! and I!C standards. 5. POWER QUALITY MONITORING "onitoring considerations - monitoring and diagnostic techniques for various power quality problems - modeling of power quality $harmonics and voltage sag% problems by mathematical simulation tools - power line disturbance analy.er ) quality measurement equipment - harmonic / spectrum analy.er - flic0er meters disturbance analy.er. #pplications of e1pert systems for power quality monitoring. TEXT BOO S 2. 3oger. C. ,ugan( "ar0. 4. "c5ranagham( Surya Santoso( -.6ayne eaty( 7!lectrical +ower Systems 8uality& "c5raw -ill(9::;.$4or Chapters2(9(;( < and =% RE!ERENCES 2. 5.T. -eydt( >!lectric +ower 8uality>( 9nd !dition. $6est *afayette( I?( Stars in a Circle +ublications( 2@@<%. $4or Chapter 2( 9( ; and =% 9. ".-.A ollen( 7Bnderstanding +ower 8uality +roblems: 'oltage Sags and Interruptions&( $?ew Cor0: I!!! +ress( 2@@@%. $4or Chapters 2( 9( ; and =% ;. A. #rrillaga( ?.3. 6atson( S. Chen( >+ower System 8uality #ssessment>( $?ew Cor0: 6iley( 2@@@%. $4or Chapters 2( 9( ;( < and =% <. +SC#, Bser "anual.

EE80" !LEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS 1. INTRODUCTION The concept of fle1ible #C transmission - reactive power control in electrical power transmission lines -uncompensated transmission line ) series and shunt compensation. Overview of 4#CTS devices - Static 'ar Compensator $S'C% ) Thyristor Switched Series capacitor $TCSC% ) Bnified +ower 4low controller $B+4C% - Integrated +ower 4low Controller $I+4C%. 2. STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR #SVC$ AND APPLICATIONS 'oltage control by S'C ) advantages of slope in dynamic characteristics ) influence of S'C on system voltage. #pplications - enhancement of transient stability ) steady state power transfer ) enhancement of power system damping ) prevention of voltage instability. 3. THYRISTOR CONTROLLED SERIES CAPACITOR#TCSC$AND APPLICATIONS Operation of the TCSC - different modes of operation ) modeling of TCSC ) variable reactance model ) modeling for stability studies. #pplications improvement of the system stability limit ) enhancement of system damping ) voltage collapse prevention. 4. EMERGING !ACTS CONTROLLERS Static Synchronous Compensator $ST#TCO"% ) operating principle ) '-I characteristics ) Bnified +ower 4low Controller $B+4C% ) +rinciple of operation modes of operation ) applications ) modeling of B+4C for power flow studies. 5. CO%ORDINATION O! !ACTS CONTROLLERS 4#CTs Controller interactions ) S'C)S'C interaction - co-ordination of multiple controllers using linear control techniques ) 8uantitative treatment of control coordination. TEXT BOO & 2. "ohan "athur( 3.( 3aDiv. E. 'arma( FThyristor ) ased 4acts Controllers for !lectrical Transmission SystemsG( I!!! press and Aohn 6iley H Sons( Inc. RE!ERENCES& 1. #.T.Aohn( F4le1ible #C Transmission SystemG( Institution of !lectrical and !lectronic !ngineers $I!!!%( 2@@@. 9. ?arain 5.-ingorani( *as.io. 5yugyl( FBnderstanding 4#CTS Concepts and Technology of 4le1ible #C Transmission SystemG( Standard +ublishers( ,elhi 9::2.

EE81 ELECTRIC ENERGY GENERATION AND UTILISATION AND CONSERVATION 1. POWER GENERATION 3eview of conventional methods ) thermal( hydro and nuclear based power generation. ?on-conventional methods of power generation ) fuel cells - tidal waves ) wind ) geothermal ) solar - bio-mass - municipal waste. Cogeneration. !ffect of distributed generation on power system operation. 2. ECONOMIC ASPECTS O! GENERATION !conomic aspects of power generation ) load and load duration curves ) number and si.e of units ) cost of electrical energy ) tariff. !conomics of power factor improvement ) power capacitors ) power quality. Importance of electrical energy conservation ) methods ) energy efficient equipments. Introduction to energy auditing. 3. ILLUMINATION Importance of lighting ) properties of good lighting scheme ) laws of illumination ) photometry - types of lamps ) lighting calculations ) basic design of illumination schemes for residential( commercial( street lighting( and sports ground - energy efficiency lamps. 4. INDUSTRIAL HEATING AND WELDING 3ole electric heating for industrial applications ) resistance heating ) induction heating ) dielectric heating - electric arc furnaces. rief introduction to electric welding ) welding generator( welding transformer and the characteristics. 5. ELECTRIC TRACTION "erits of electric traction ) requirements of electric traction system ) supply systems ) mechanics of train movement ) traction motors and control ) bra0ing ) recent trends in electric traction. TEXT BOO S 2. C.*. 6adhwa( 75eneration( ,istribution and Btili.ation of !lectrical !nergy&( ?ew #ge International +vt. *td( 9::;. 9. .3. 5upta( 75eneration of !lectrical !nergy&( !urasia +ublishing -ouse $+% *td( ?ew ,elhi( 9::;. RE!ERENCES 2. -. +artab( 7#rt and Science of Btilisation of !lectrical !nergy&( ,hanpat 3ai and Co( ?ew ,elhi( 9::<. 9. !. Openshaw Taylor( 7Btili.ation of !lectrical !nergy in SI Bnits&( Orient *ongman +vt. *td( 9::;. ;. A. . 5upta( 7Btili.ation of !lectric +ower and !lectric Traction&( S.E.Eataria and Sons( 9::9.