Urban Decay
Architecture and Town
Planning
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Urban Decay
Urban decay (also known as urban
rot and urban blight is the !rocess
whereby a !re"iously #unctioning city$
or !art o# a city$ #alls into disre!air and
decaying worse conditions.
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'hy Urban decay
Urban decay (ay as a result o#
deindustriali)ation$ de!o!ulation or
changing !o!ulation$
econo(ic restructuring$ abandoned
buildings$ high local une(!loy(ent.
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Deindustriali)ation
Deindustrialization is a !rocess o#
social and econo(ic change caused
by the re(o"al or reduction o#
industrial ca!acity or acti"ity in a
country or region$ es!ecially hea"y
industry or (anu#acturing industry. +t is
an o!!osite o# industriali)ation
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Engr. Mansoor Khan
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de/industriali)ation
The ter( de-industrialization has been used to
describe the decline o# labor intensi"e industry in a
nu(ber o# countries and the #light o# 0obs away #ro(
cities. 1ne e2a(!le is labor intensi"e (anu#acturing.
A#ter #ree/trade agree(ents were instituted with less
de"elo!ed nations in the 13.4s and 1334s$ labor
intensi"e (anu#acturers relocated !roduction #acilities
to third world countries with (uch lower wages and
lower standards. +n addition$ technological in"entions
that re5uired less (anual labor eli(inated (any
(anu#acturing 0obs.
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de!o!ulation
+t is a ter( usually used to describe any
great reduction in a hu(an !o!ulation.
+t can be used to re#er to long/ter(
de(ogra!hic trends$ as in urban decay or
rural #light$ but it is also co((only e(!loyed
to describe large reductions in !o!ulation
due to "iolence$ disease$ or other
catastro!hes.
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Engr. Mansoor Khan
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Econo(ic restructuring
Economic restructuring re#ers to the
!heno(enon o# 'estern urban areas
shi#ting #ro( a (anu#acturing to a
ser"ice sector econo(ic base.
As cities e2!erience a loss o# (anu#acturing
0obs and growth o# ser"ices$ a widening o#
the social hierarchy occurs where high/le"el$
high/inco(e$ salaried !ro#essional 0obs
e2!ands in the ser"ice industries alongside
a greater incidence o# low/wage$ low/skilled
0obs$ usually #illed by i((igrants and
(inorities
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A rise in Une(!loy(ent leads to urban
decay
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Planning
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6hi#t in econo(y and !olicies
6ince the 13-4s and 13.4s$ urban
decay has been associated with
'estern cities$ es!ecially in
7orth A(erica and !arts o# Euro!e.
6ince then$ (a0or structural changes
in global econo(ies$ trans!ortation$
and go"ern(ent !olicy created the
econo(ic and then the social
conditions resulting in urban decay
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Urban Renewal
Architecture and Town
Planning
Engr. Mansoor Khan
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Definition
The process where an urban neighborhood or area
is improved and rehabilitated.
Urban renewal is a program of land redevelopment
in areas of moderate to high density urban land
use.
Following World War II, and continuing into the
early !"#s, $urban renewal% referred primarily to
public efforts to regenerate the urban sector.
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Planning
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&n '(ample of )heffield the super tram*
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Definition +,ontd-*
& continuous process of remodeling older parts of
urban areas, including their central business areas
by means of rehabilitation and conservation as well
as redevelopment.
The displacement of an e(isting low.income
population, creating space for more profitable
office, commercial and lu(ury residential
development or the provision of transport facilities.
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Engr. Mansoor Khan
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Urban renewal +/ra0il*
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)cope1 Tas2s involved
Urban renewal may involve
relocation of businesses.
massive demolition of structures.
slum clearance and rehabilitation.
the relocation of people, and
necessary changes in the local and state
legislation.
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3urpose
Urban renewal is usually undergone for the
purposes of persuading wealthier individuals to
come live in that area.
Urban renewal is often part of the gentrification
process.
Gentrify: to change an area making it suitable for living
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4rigin of Urban Renewal
Term $Urban Renewal% is &merican in
origin.
'merged in the late !5#s +post.war*
as an attempt to revitali0e central
cities.
Architecture and Town
Planning
Engr. Mansoor Khan
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Underlying ,oncept
Urban Renewal programs are generally
underta2en by public authorities or by local
governments.
The emphasis is on those parts which have
fallen below current standards of public
acceptability. These are commonly to be found
in6
The residential parts of the inner city,
In the central business district itself.
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Planning
Engr. Mansoor Khan
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Indicators6 When to Ta2e
Decision-7
Indicators for residential parts of inner cities
are6
Inade8uate housing,
'nvironmental degradation,
3resence of non.conforming uses.
Indicators for central business district are6
Traffic problems,
,ongestion,
)ubstandard buildings.
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&pproaches6 9ow to Tac2le the
3roblem-7
)lum ,learance
Demolition of substandard dwellings located
in a slum +an area of sub.standard,
overcrowded housing occupied by the poor
immigrants*.
Redevelopment
The demolition of an e(isting building and its
replacement by a new building.
Rehabilitation
The repair and improvement of e(isting
structurally sound property.
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)lum clearance
2. Architecture and Town
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)lum redevelopment pro:ect
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)lum rehabilitation
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&pproaches +,ontd-*
9ousing Improvement
Improvements of dwellings by provision of
essential basic amenities.
'nvironmental Improvements
;ain emphasis is to improve environmental
conditions.
'conomic Renewal
Improvement of economic conditions of
dwellers.
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9ousing improvement
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9ousing improvement
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9ousing improvement
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'nvironmental improvement
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'conomic renewal
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Industrial estates and jobs
<ew industrial
estates with enough
labour residence
capacity having
water, sewerage
and electricity
should be provided.
Architecture and Town
Planning
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Trans!ort8an i(!ortant sector
Transport:
Transport facilities need to be improved to improve
living conditions
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Urban 9enewal Pro0ects
:ollowing !ro0ects #all under Urban
9enewal;
9ede"elo!(ent !ro0ects.
Econo(ic de"elo!(ent strategies.
<ousing loans and other #inancial tools.
6treet i(!ro"e(ents.
Trans!ortation enhance(ent.
<istoric !reser"ation !ro0ects.
Parks and o!en s!aces.
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A =ideo o# >raha( ?oung@s
Aecture
htt!;BBwww.youtube.co(BwatchC"DcnrE1?9g)Fo
Thanks8
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Gadastral (a!!ing
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Gadastral (a!!ing
Architecture and Town
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