1. X The brain uses 20% of oxygen.

Y The normal glucose in the blood concentration in the brain is ~ 2.5mM

a. X is true
b. Y is true
c. X and Y are true
d. X and Y are false
2. hat is the maximal exertion time that can cause muscle fatigue and !ain"
a. 10 s
b. 15 s
c. 20 s
d. 25 s
e. #0 s
#. X $nder normal conditions% glucose is the ma&or source of metabolic energy in the heart.
Y 'n the li(er !hos!horylation of glucose to )*+ is done by hexo,inase.
a. X is true
b. Y is true
c. X and Y are true
d. X and Y are false
-. .igh demands for metabolic fuels include/
a. 0i(er con(erts fatty acid to acetyl12oa and then to ,etone bodies
b. 3etone bodies are used by !eri!heral tissues
c. 4di!ose tissue ta,es u! 5060
d. all of the abo(e are true
e. a and b but not c
5. X )ro7th factors are li!id hormones that stimulate !roliferation of cells.
Y 8ncogenes are genes that econde for !roteins that !re(ent tumors.
a. X is true
b. Y is true
c. X and Y are true
d. X and Y are false
*. 0actate !roduced in the muscles are9
a. Trans!orted to the li(er (ia bloodstream
b. con(erted to !yru(ate by lactate dehydrogenase
c. gluconeogenesis in li(er regenerates glucose from lactate
d. all of the abo(e are true
e. a and c are true but not b
:. X 4rginine is con(erted to !yru(ate in li(er 7hich is used for gluconeogenesis
Y )0$T2 trans!orters are ex!ressed in the brain and some other tissues and are saturated 7ith high
blood glucose.
a. X is true
b. Y is true
c. X and Y are true
d. X and Y are false
;. The tissue containting the most energy reser(e is9
a. adi!ose tracylglyerols
b. muscle !rotein
c. li(er glycogen
d. muscle glycogen
<. X 0e!tin increases a!!etite
Y 4fter an o(er night fast ,etone bodies are !roduced from fatty acid oxidation to feed brain and
muscles.
a. X is true
b. Y is true
c. X and Y are true
d. X and Y are false
10. )0$T- Trans!orter are al of the follo7ing exce!t/
a. they are insulin1insensit(e
b. occurs in muscle and adi!ose tissue
c. )0$T- can be ta,en u! by cell (ia endocytosis
d. all of the abo(e are true
11. The am!hi!hilic surface of li!o!roteins contains e(erything exce!t"
a. !hos!holi!d
b. cholestrol
c. cholesteryl esters
d. a!oli!o!rotein
12. X 2hylomicrons trans!ort dietary triacylglyerols and cholesterol from the intestine to the tissues
Y .60 trans!ort internally !roduce cholesterol from the tisues to the li(er.
a. X is true
b. Y is true
c. X and Y are true
d. X and Y are false
1#. X =ach round of beta oxidation !roduces 1 >46. and 1 ?46.2
Y +ro!ionyl12o4 is con(erted to succinyl12o4 in a !ath7ay in(ol(ing three en@ymes.
a. X is true
b. Y is true
c. X and Y are true
d. X and Y are false
1-. 'n the anabolic !ath7ay of fatty acids biosynthesis the ma&or cofactors are
a. >46 and >46.
b. ?46 and ?46.2
c. >46+ and >46+.
d. 2oA
15. hich of the follo7ing is not in(ol(ed in fatty acid synthesis"
a. acetyl12o4 carboxylase
b. fatty acid synthase
c. malonyl12oa carboyxlase
d. elongase
e. desaturases
1*. X 'f glucose is lo7 than insulin is secreted in beta !ancreatic cells
Y =xcess citrate acti(ates acetyl12o4 carboyxylase 7hich 7ill e(entually ma,e !almitate.
a. X is true
b. Y is true
c. X and Y are true
d. X and Y are false
1:. X omen ha(e lo7er 060 than men.
Y 2igarette smo,ing !romotes 060 u!ta,e in arterial 7all.
a. X is true
b. Y is true
c. X and Y are true
d. X and Y are false
1;% X +roteasome degrades !roteins 7ith a !enta!e!tide contain seBuence 3?=CA
Y =ndo!e!todase hydroly@e the !e!tide bonds at the ends of the chain
a. X is true
b. Y is true
c. X and Y are true
d. X and Y are false
1<. 4n essential amino acid is"
a. 4s!
b. 4sn
c. 4la
d. 4rg
20. X Dulfonamides are toxic to humans because they bloc, the synthesis of T.?
Y Tyrosine degrades in 1* reaction to acetoacetate
a. X is true
b. Y is true
c. X and Y are true
d. X and Y are false
21. Ceactions of transamination 7hich of the follo7ing are false"
a. +yru(ate EE 4lanine
b. 8xaloacetate EE 4s!artate
c. a1,etoglutarate EE glutamate
d. glutamate EE glutamine
e. all of the abo(e are true
22. X 0ead !oisoning inhibits +F) synthase
Y Gaundice causes by bilirubin de!osition colors the s,in and 7hites of the eyes.
a. X is true
b. Y is true
c. X and Y are true
d. X and Y are false
2#. 4ntifolates and 51flurodeoxyuridilate H?d$M+I are durgs use to"
a. re(erse lead !oisoning
b. fight cancer
c. 7hen !erson is intoxicated 7ith bugurotoxins
d. cure !or!hyries
2-. X +urine bases are degraded to alanine and amioiosobutryate that can be futher catabolised to ma,e
242 intermediates.
Y )out is caused by high le(els of uric acid.
a. X is true
b. Y is true
c. X and Y are true
d. X and Y are false
4ns7ers Hgo do7nI
1 J ; a c d e d d d a
< J 1* d a c c b c c b
1: J 2- c d d d e c b b
1. +ro,aryotes Hsuch as =coliI has a!!roximately ho7 many different com!ounds in the cell"
a. #00 J *00
b. #000 J *000
c. #0000 J *0000
d. #00000 J *00000
2. hich of the follo7ing eBuations for enthal!y is correct"
a. K A J $
b. $ K A L
c. A K $ J
d. >one of the abo(e are correct
#. X D!hingomyelins insulate the ner(e fibers.
Y 6i!almitoyl !hos!hatidyl choline H6++2I is a ma&or com!onent of lung surfactant.
a. 8nly X is true
b. 8nly Y is true
c. Foth X and Y are true
d. Foth X and Y are false
-. X )lucose is a ,etohexose.
Y ?ructose has # chiral centers.
a. 8nly X is true
b. 8nly Y is true
c. Foth X and Y are true
d. Foth X and Y are false
5. Facterial 2ell 7alls contain
a. 4mylose
b. 4mylo!ectin
c. +e!tidoglycans
d. none of the abo(e
*. X 4denine is a nucleoside
Y )uanine &oins 7ith 2ytosine to ma,e # hydrogen bonds.
a. 8nly X is true
b. 8nly Y is true
c. Foth X and Y are true
d. Foth X and Y are false
:. There are a!!orixmately MMMMMM bases in the human genome and its around MMMM m in length if you 7ere
to lay out the entire genomes. H2# chormosomesI
a. # million and 1 m
b. # million and 10 m
c. # billion and 1 m
d. # billion and 10 m
;. X Transcri!tion is turning 6>4 into mC>4.
Y 4 tri!let in 6>4 corres!onds to the anticodon in tC>4
a. 8nly X is true
b. 8nly Y is true
c. Foth X and Y are true
d. Foth X and Y are false
<. Cibosomes contains all but the follo7ing
a. t7o subunits
b C>4 molecules
c. do@ens of !roteins
d. all of the abo(e are in ribosomes
10. hich amino acid is basic"
a. Derine
b. 4lanine
c. .istidine
d. 4s!artate
11. hich one is the smallest amino acid"
a. )lycine
b. 4lanine
c. 5aline
d. 0eucine
12. The Camanchandran 6iagram re!resents 9
a. >onstandard amino acid
b. 2ertain amino acids are not in(ol(ed in !rotein but functions as something else
c. DeBuence of amino acids
d. Ce!resenation of the torsional angles of amino acids
1#. X Feta sheets are secondary structures and can run only in !arallel.
Y 2ollagen is a fibrous !rotein and a tertiary structure.
a. 8nly X is true
b. 8nly Y is true
c. Foth X and Y are true
d. Foth X and Y are false
1-. X 28 and >8 has a higher affinity to heme than oxygen.
Y .emoglobin binds to carbon dioxide in the tissue 7hich is brought to the lungs
a. 8nly X is true
b. 8nly Y is true
c. Foth X and Y are true
d. Foth X and Y are false
15. X Dic,le cell anemia is a is because the *th amino acid is )lu instead of 5al
Y =n@ymatic reaction occurs 10N#0 times greater than uncataly@ed reactions.
a. 8nly X is true
b. 8nly Y is true
c. Foth X and Y are true
d. Foth X and Y are false
1*. hich of the follo7ing about lyso@yme is false.
a. occurs in human tears% sali(a and other fluids
b. cataly@e hydrolysis of the cell 7alls of certain bacteria
c. an en@yme 7ith antise!tic acti(ity
d. all of the abo(e are true
1:. X 2oen@ymes that are !ermanently bound to the en@ymes are called !rosthetic grou!s.
Y 4n en@yme cofactor that does not ha(e any catalytic acti(ity is called holoen@yme.
a. 8nly X is true
b. 8nly Y is true
c. Foth X and Y are true
d. Foth X and Y are false
1;. Cibofal(in H(itamin F2I is !resent in 7hat"
a. eggs and mil,
b. leafs and greens
c. fruits
d. none of the abo(e
1<. hen light hits the rhodo!sin it causes 7hat conformation change"
a. 111cis1retinal to 111trans1retinal
b. 111trans retinal to 111cis1retinal
c. 1#1cis1retinal to 1#1trans1retinal
d. 1#1trans1retinal to 1#1cis1retinal
20 . Tubocurarine is
a. an acti(e com!onent of the arro7 !oison used by south 4merican 'ndians
b. casues bloc,age of the ligand1gate ion channels
c. none of the abo(e is correct
d. all of the abo(e is correct
21. X cochlea is a snail sha!ed fluid filled oragan that translate mechanical motion into ner(e signals
Y. 4 1 hour ex!osure to loud noise is long enough to damange cilia bundles on hair cells.
a. 8nly X is true
b. 8nly Y is true
c. Foth X and Y are true
d. Foth X and Y are false
22. X .uman eye contains 120 million cones and : million rods
Y =ndocrime system controls slo7 and long lasting res!onses.
a. 8nly X is true
b. 8nly Y is true
c. Foth X and Y are true
d. Foth X and Y are false
2#. X The resting membraine !otential is around ~:0 m5
Y. The axon conducts electrical signals to7ards the cell body.
a. 8nly X is true
b. 8nly Y is true
c. Foth X and Y are true
d. Foth X and Y are false
2-. )lucose yields a!!roximately ho7 much energy"
a. 2500 ,GOmol
b. #000 ,GOmol
c. #500 ,GOmol
d. -000 ,GOmol
25. hich com!ound conser(es the most energy" H.ighest energy com!oundI
a. glycerol # !hos!hate
b. glucose * !hos!hate
c. fructose * !hos!hate
d. !hos!ho!henol!yru(ate
2*. 2ontrol of metabolic reactions are under 7hich ty!e of control"
a. 4llosterical control and !hos!horylation
b. )enetic control
c. >one of the 4bo(e
d. a and b but not c
2:. The con(ersion of )*+ to ?*+ uses 7hich en@yme"
a. !hos!hofructo,inase
b. !hos!hoglucose isomerase
c. hexo,inase
d. adolase
2;. X Pinc is an im!ortant cofactor for !yru(ate dehydrogenase
Y Thiamine deficiency causes a fatal disease called +3$
a. 8nly X is true
b. 8nly Y is true
c. Foth X and Y are true
d. Foth X and Y are false
2<. X +hos!hoglucomutase is in(oled in glycogen synthesis
Y )ylcogen Franching =n@yme adds # residues at a time
a. 8nly X is true
b. 8nly Y is true
c. Foth X and Y are true
d. Foth X and Y are false
#0. X >46. causes 10 +rotons to be !um! into the matrix of the mitochondria during the 242.
Y ?umerase Turns Duccinate into ?umerate.
a. 8nly X is true
b. 8nly Y is true
c. Foth X and Y are true
d. Foth X and Y are false
#1. X #* J #; 4T+ is !roduced 7ith 1 fatty acid molecule.
Y 2a2L is a secondary messeneger that stimulates muscle contraction
a. 8nly X is true
b. 8nly Y is true
c. Foth X and Y are true
d. Foth X and Y are false
#2. 2om!lex '' in the =T29
a. is called QDuccinate12oA 8xidoreductaseR
b. contains ?M> as one of the redox centers
c. has a total of 5 redox centers
d. all of the abo(e
e. a and c but not b
## X 2om!lex 1 !um!s - . into the intermembrane s!ace
Y 2%-1dinitro!henol uncou!les electron trans!ort and oxidati(e !hos!horylation
a. 8nly X is true
b. 8nly Y is true
c. Foth X and Y are true
d. Foth X and Y are false
#-. ?ully form 4T+ in the 4T+ sythetase is released from 7hich site"
a. T
b. 0
c. 8
d. C
ans7er 1 1 * b a c b c b
: 1 11 c a d c a
1211* d d a d d
1: 1 22 a a a d a b
2# 1 2< d b d d b d d
#0 1 #- d b e c c
X. Malonyl-CoA inhibits fatty acid biosynthesis in hepatocytes by negative feedback.
Y. Acetyl-CoA can only leave the mitochondria as citrate.
a) X is true.
b) Y is true.
c) X and Y are true.
d) X and Y are false.
Fatty acids are the preferred energy fuel of hich tissue!
a) "iver
b) Muscle
c) #rain
d) $eart
X. Ammonia is stored primarily in glutamate.
Y. Ammonia is a product in o%idative deamination.
a) X is true.
b) Y is true.
c) X and Y are true.
d) X and Y are false.
$ydro%ylmetheylglutaryl-CoA is NOT an intermediate in&
a) beta-o%idation
b) ketogenesis
c) cholesterol synthesis
d) none of the above
'hat is true about ($F in regards to amino acid degradation!
a) )t can transfer C* units of only * o%idi+ed state.
b) )ts synthesis can be inhibited by sulfonamides.
c) )t is essential in the degradation of a non-essential amino acid.
d) all of the above are true.
Highlight this area for the answers >>( B, D, B, A, B )<<
*- A ,olar- freely diffusing cytoplasmic molecule that mediates hormonal message is&
a) A(,
b) ,.A
c) CAMP
d) /(,
0- ,hosphorylation of glucose to /1, in liver is by an en+yme&
a) "actate dehydrogenase
b) l!co"inase
c) $e%okinase
d) ,hosphatase
2- Adipocytes synthesi+e
a) le#tin
b) Alpha- amylase
c) ,olysaccharide
d) Collagen
3- ,recursor of biosynthesis of nucleotides is&
a) $% Phos#horibos&l ' al#ha% #&ro#hos#hate( P(PP)
b) )onisine monophospahte
c) AM,
d) /M,
4- 5isturbances in 6as signaling cascade can result in&
a) diabetes
b) cancer
c) pellagra
d) neurological dysfunction
1- 'hich 789 is not a single cell metabolism characteristic&
a) geneticall& #rogra))e* *e+elo#)ent
b) cell response to changing e%ternal conditions
c) prevention of simultaneous opposing pathays
d) genetically programmed groth
1I .eme is a com!lex of iron and MMMMMMMMM
4. Filirubin
F. @inc
C. porphyrin
6. !yrrole
Hlecture DI itSs that big carbon flo7er loo,ing thing
2I 4ll carbon atoms in the heme are deri(ed from
4. ,etoglutamate and 4s!aragine
B. acetate and glycine
2. ,etoglutamate and glycine
6. acetate and 4s!aragine
Hlecture DI )lycine !ro(ides the nitrogen acetate is ho7 7e ma,e e(erything in our
bodies% these are also !retty much ho7 most amino acids are made exce!t tyrosine 7hich
is deri(ed from !henylalanine
#I MMMMMMM is a nucleoside
A. Adenosine (nucleoside)
F. 4denine HFaseI
2. 4denosine Mono!hos!hate H>ucleotideI
6. ?46 Hstill a nucleotideI
-I 'n the li(er% glucose is con(erted to )*+
4. .exo,inase Hin musclesI
F.)*+ ,inase Hmadeu!I
2. )*+ase Hmadeu!I
6. )luco,inase Hisoen@yme% s!ecific to the li(er% it is used instead because it is not
inhibited by )*+% 7hich is essential because the li(er !roduces glycogen as 7ellI
5I .igh oxygen consum!tion continues MMMMMMMM after hea(y exercise
4. 1 min
F. 5 min
C. 10 min
6. 15min
*I The MMMMMMMM generates glucose from lactate
A. Cori cycle (its the cycle that moves lactate from muscles to the liver to produce
glucose)
F. lactic acid cycle
2. anaerobic acti(ity
6. gluconeogenesis
:I )0$T- trans!orters are
4. 'nsulin sensiti(e% and are found in the li(er and adi!ose tissue
B. Insulin sensitive, and are found in the muscle and adipose tissue
2. 'nsulin insensiti(e and are found in the li(er and adi!ose tissue
6. 'nsulin insensiti(e and are found in the muscle and adi!ose tissue
;I The li(er uses alanine for
4. )luconeogenesis
F. +rotein synthesis
2. +yru(ate synthesis
6. 4 and F
. All of the a!ove
HTric,yT. 4lanine is an amino acid and is (ital in !rotein synthesis% and can be used to
ma,e !yru(ate and then glucose in the li(er. 't is made by +yru(ate in muscles.I
<I The body has a MMMMM su!!ly of carbohydrates
4. 12 hour
B. 1 day
2. -; hours
6. 1 7ee,
10I MMMMM secretes le!tin to MMMMM a!!etite
4. Frain decrease
F. Frain% increase
C. Adipose tissue, decrease
6. 4di!ose tissue% increase
11I X/ li!ids are more reduced than sugars and thus ha(e more energy ?
Y/ )lycocholic acid is a bile acid that has both an amino and a hydroxyl side chain
4. 8nly X
F. 8nly Y
C. Both
6. >either
*. X. Chylomicrons have the highest density among five classes of lipoproteins.
Y. Chylomicrons transport internally produced cholestrol from tissues to the liver.
a) X is true
b) Y is true
c) #oth X and Y are true
d) #oth X and Y are flase
0. 'hich of the floing is :are) not the byproduct:s) of beta-o%idation!
a) FA5,$
b) FA5$0
c) 8A5$
d) All of the above
e) 8one of the above
2. X. beta-o%idation must occur to use lipid as an energy source.
Y. A se;uence of four reactions in beta-o%idation cuts off to-carbon units.
a) X is true
b) Y is true
c) #oth X and Y are true
d) #oth X and Y are false
3. X. $yperammonemia causes the citric acid cycle halts.
Y. $yperammonemia is caused by lo circulating level of ammonia.
a) X is true
b) Y is true
c) #oth X and Y are true
d) #oth X and Y are false
4. glucose <= glycogen
fatty acids <= triacylglycerols
amino acids <= : ! )
a) intracellular proteins
b) 58A
c) >rea
d) All of the above
e) 8one of the above
Ansers& :d-a-c-a-e)
:again- highlight the blank above for the ansers)
*. ketone bodies are synthesi+ed in hich organ?tissue @ organelle!
a) liver- cytosol
b)muslce- cytosol
c)liver- mitochondria
d) muscle- mitochondria
0.hich organlle makes triacylglycerols!
a)mitochondria
b)pero%isome
c)endoplasmic reticulum
d) # @ C only
2. free fatty acids are carried in the bloodstream via..
a)albumin
b)chylomicrons
c) "5"
e) they are ater soluble- no carrier is needed
3.'hich conen+ymes are needed for pyruvate dehydrogenase!
a)(,,
b)CoA
c)lipoic acid
d)all of the above
4.pyruvate dehydrogenase is inhibited by
a)acetyl-coA
b)8A5$
c)pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
d)all of the above
1. ho many electrons can CoA accept!
a) B
b) *
c) 0
d) 2
Ansers& *c 0d 2a 3d 4d 1c