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Potential for Smart Grid Within ECG
Presented by

J . Kwame Kpekpena
Director of Engineering
Electricity Company of Ghana
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Definition of the Smart Distribution Grid
Current State of the ECG Distribution Networks
Other Operational Challenges
Potential for the Smart Grid within ECG
Elements and Benefits of the Smart Distribution
Grid
Road Map to Implementation
Conclusion

The GRID A network of transmission lines, substations,
transformers, distribution lines, and more that deliver
electricity from the power plant to homes, businesses and
industries
The Distribution Grid That segment of the Grid btn the
transmission systems and the final consumer
The SMART DISTRIBUTION GRID = THE
DISTRIBUTION GRID + INTELLIGENCE
Ing. Rev Kwofie (Last Week):
Operational systems and applications, field devices and
communication networks that work together to add
intelligence to the basic electrical infrastructure
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Digital technology permitting two-way
communication between the utility and its
customers, and the sensing along the
distribution lines make the grid smart
The Smart Grid will consist of controls,
computer systems and applications,
automation, and new technologies and
equipment working together with the electrical
grid to respond digitally to changing demand for
electricity
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The Smart Grid will enable:
Monitoring
Full determination of grid state, deep situational
awareness
Control
Ability to carry out necessary actions across the grid
(In real time?)
Automation
Rapid adaptation to changing conditions with little
human intervention
Integration
Connecting stand-alone systems & processes
together
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Predominantly radial feeders
Mismatch btn demand & system capacities
Overloaded network components such as
transformers, switchgear, conductors, etc
Inordinately long distribution feeders in rural &
forest zones
Frequent and prolong outages
Load shedding (mismatch btn demand & supply)
Low system voltages
Inadequate system automation & SCADA coverage
Manual & paper-based data collection and
processing
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Ing. Rev. S. F. Kwofie mentioned power sector
challenges :
Growing electricity demand
Efficiency, reliability and quality of supply
Emerging distributed generation
For distribution sector similar challenges but
multiplied by 1001
Additional Challenges
High Incidence of Power theft Need for accurate energy
accounting
Rural Electrification
Increasingly sophisticated consumers & regulation
Inadequate investment resources

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Potential for Smart Grid in the ECG distribution
system to be illustrated using two ongoing initiatives
within ECG.
The VIT Automation System Combinations of
intelligent auto-reclosers and load-break switches
to reduce outage frequency & duration, improve
supply reliability and general operational
efficiency.
The AMI/AMR Project Automated remote
meter reading of Special Load Tariff (SLT)
customers



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They system is made up of Load-Break Switches
(LBS) and reclosers that are equipped with electronic
sensors to maximize protection performance through
the integration of current controlled method and
voltage time controlled methods.



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The Ashongman Agbogba Loop System
VIT Distribution Automation System on Ashongman-Agbogba
ring feeder with 2No. Normally Opened Positions (NOPs)
The Akropong Radial System
VIT Distribution Automation System on Akropong 11kV feeder
Note: The VIT Automation System is not yet Smart
Two-Way communication indispensable to a Smart
Distribution Grid
Communication infrastructure in Ghana inadequate
Development of fibre optic infrastructure along
subtransmission and distribution
Central control application not yet implemented
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More efficient protection performance
Shorter fault localisation times & shorter outage duration
More reliable distribution system
Higher revenues
Less maintenance effort and logistics requirement
Lower operational cost
Higher customer satisfaction levels
Better resourced utility
Automated operation, data collection, integration and
analysis
More efficient utility decision making

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Deployment of Smart Meters with 2-way
communication through GSM/GPRS
Enables remote reading of energy meters into a
database
Database application enables automated analysis
of meter data
Currently installed at 1257 SLT customer
premises
SLT Customers - 0.06% of ECG cust. population
- 35.44% of ECG energy sales
- 41.47% of billed revenue
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kW Im
kVA im
Detection of metering errors
Detection of meter tampering and theft
Accurate recovery of stolen or lost power
Reduction in commercial losses
Better energy management by customers
Will enable more efficient demand side
management (including load shedding) when
extended to pre-paid meters for domestic
consumers
Project for 2-way communication smart meters
on AMI platform for high-end domestic
consumers currently underway
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Advanced Distribution Automation (ADA)
Provides continuous monitoring and automatic control of
key distribution system assets. Integrates intelligent
sensors that gather and process information from
substations & various strategically important feeder
locations to optimize system performance. Includes
Substation Automation & DMS/SCADA systems
Intelligent Reclosers and Relays
Microprocessor based products with 2-way
communication to replace electromechanical and static
ones
Intelligent Line Switches
Like the VIT automation system

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Intelligent Transformers (Universal)
Will provide real-time voltage regulation and
monitoring capabilities
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
Involves two way communications with smart meters,
customer and operational databases and various energy
management systems. E.g. The ECG AMI/AMR
project
Communication systems & computer applications for
building automation and integration
Other intelligent devices such as multifunction solid state
switchgear, distribution fault anticipators, controllers for
local & home energy networks and energy storage devices
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Self Healing Systems
Will anticipate and respond to system
disturbances . Will also perform continuous
self-assessments to detect and analyze issues,
take corrective action.
Better quality and more reliable and efficient
electricity supply
Indispensable to the 21
st
century economy
Optimal distribution asset utilisation
Better load factors, lower system losses, and
better outage management
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Accommodates distributed generation resources
Increased consumer participation
Information will be available to customers to
enable more informed choices
More efficient demand side management options
More efficient electricity market
Higher security
More rapid recovery from disruptions

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Develop a master plan towards a smart distribution
grid
Reinforce the distribution network
Re-engineer internal systems and processes and adopt
a strong digital culture in operations and maintenance
Integrate power system operations with back-office
operations (ERP, Asset Management Systems, etc)
Engage financiers and donors, regulators and
consumers as major stakeholders in a smart
distribution grid
Implement master plan
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Weak distribution system infrastructure
Underdeveloped communications infrastructure
Huge investment capital required
Unpredictable regulatory environment
Tariff reform required to implement efficient
load management systems
Low penetration of digital culture in Ghana


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Whilst there are opportunities, there are also
challenges to the deployment of a smart
distribution grid in ECG
Potential of the Smart Grid too great to ignore
ECG has already taken a few steps towards the
realisation of a smarter grid.
Concerted effort will be required to achieve the
Smart Distribution Grid
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Questions?