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Table of Muscles - Origins,
Insertions, and Action of
Muscles
Muscles of the Head and Neck:
Muscle Name Origin Insertion Action
mandible (coronoid closes jaw (elevates
Temporalis temporal bone
process) mandible)
maxilla, closes jaw (elevates and
Masseter mandible
zygomatic arch retracts mandible)
open mouth (lowers
lower mandible,
mandible), elevates and
Digastric mastoid process hyoid
holds hyoid during
of skull (Chin)
speech and swallowing
if one side is contracted,
manubrium of rotates/tilts head
sternum and mastoid process of sideways; if both sides
Sternocleidomastoid
clavicle (medial skull contracted, draws head
portion) forward and down; flexes
neck
Muscles of the Back, Shoulder, and Chest:
Muscle Origin Insertion Action
Trapezius spinous process of C7 clavicle; acromion elevates, depresses, and
and all thoracic process and spine retracts scapula
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(shoulder); both acting
vertebrae, occipital bone
of scapula together, draw head
of the skull
dorsally (backward)
abducts arm (humerus);
(posterior deltoid-
clavicle ; acromion
deltoid tuberosity extension and lateral
Deltoid process and spine of
of humerus rotation of arm; anterior
scapula
deltoid flexes and
medially rotates arm)
lateral rotation of
infraspinous fossa of greater tubercle of humerus (shoulder);
Infraspinatus
scapula humerus horizontal abduction of
humerus (shoulder)
abduction of humerus
Supraspinatus supraspinous fossa of greater tubercle of
(shoulder); stabilizes
(deep muscle) scapula humerus
shoulder joint
spinous processes of
adducts and extends arm
thoracic, lumbar
intertubercular (humerus): rotates arm
Latissimus vertebrae, sacrum and
groove of medially (shoulder),
dorsi iliac crest (it actually
humerus draws shoulder down
arises from the lumbar
and backward
aponeurosis)
sternum, clavicle, costal adducts and flexes arm
Pectoralis greater tubercle of
cartilage of 1st-6th ribs (humerus), medial
major humerus
and rectus sheath rotation (shoulder)
Muscles of the Upper Arm (Brachium):
Muscle Origin Insertion Action
(2 heads) short head - flexes forearm
coracoid process of scapula; (elbow); rolls radius
Biceps brachii radial tuberosity
long head - intertubular outward to supinates
groove of humerus hand
coronoid process flexes forearm
Brachialis distal anterior humerus
of ulna (elbow)
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just above styloid
above lateral epicondyle of flexes forearm
Brachioradialis process on lateral
humerus (elbow)
surface of radius
(3 heads) long head from
olecranon process extends forearm
Triceps brachii scapula, lateral and medial
of ulna (elbow)
heads from humerus
Muscles of the Forearm:
Muscle Origin Insertion Action
medial epicondyle flexes hand (wrist);
Flexor carpi of humerus and acts with extensor
base of 5th metacarpal
ulnaris olecranon process of carpi ulnaris to
ulna adduct hand
Flexor carpi medial epicondyle base of 2nd and 3rd flexes and abducts
radialis of humerus metacarpals hand (wrist)
extends and adducts
lateral epicondyle of
Extensor carpi hand (wrist), acts
humerus posterior base of 5th metacarpal
ulnaris with Flexor carpi
border of ulna
ulnaris
Extensor carpi longus on base of extends and abducts
radialis longus, lateral epicondyle of second metacarpal, the hand (wrist),
Extensor carpi humerus brevis on base of third acts with flexor
radialis brevis metacarpal carpi radialis
Muscles of the Abdomen:
Muscle Origin Insertion Action
Rectus symphysis pubis costal cartilage of 5th flex lumbar portion of
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and 7th ribs, xiphoid
abdominis and pubic crest vertebral column
process of sternum
acting together, extends
iliac crest and inferior margin of 12th
Quadratus spine at lumbar region; if
transverse rib and transverse
lumborum singly, lateral flexion of
processes of lower processes of upper
(Deep) spine; maintains upright
3 lumbar vertebrae four lumbar vertebrae
posture
Muscles of the Pelvic/Femoral Region:
Muscle Origin Insertion Action
iliac crest, iliotibial tract and extends thigh (femur),
Gluteus maximus sacrum, and posterior femur lateral rotation of femur
coccyx (hip) (hip)
lateral part of abducts and medially
upper portion of
Gluteus medius greater trochanter rotates femur (hip); steadies
ilium
of femur pelvis
flexes femur and vertebral
Psoas major (Deep lumbar lesser trochanter of
column (hip), stabilizes hip
muscle) vertebrae femur
for posture
anterior
medial surface of flexes and laterally rotates
Sartorius superior spine
tibia thigh (hip); flexes knee
of ilium
Adductor (Deep) -
linea aspera of adducts, flexes, and
A. longus, A. pubis
femur laterally rotates femur (hip)
Magnus
medial surface of flexes and medially rotates
Gracilis pubis
tibia knee; adducts thigh (hip)
Muscles of the Quadriceps:
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Muscle Origin Insertion Action
anterior inferior spine of patella to tibial flexes femur (hip);
Rectus femoris
pelvis and lip of acetabulum tuberosity extends leg (knee)
Vastus medialis; patella to tibial
linea aspera of femur extends leg (knee)
Vastus lateralis tuberosity
Muscles of the Hamstrings:
Muscle Origin Insertion Action
medial condyle
ishial extends femur (hip); flexes
Semimembranosus of tibia
tuberosity (knee) and medially rotates leg
(posterior)
extends femur (hip); flexes
ishial proximal medial (knee), and with
Semitendinosus
tuberosityportion of tibia semimembranosus, medially
rotates leg
head of fibula
Biceps femoris (long ischial extends and laterally rotates
and lateral
head) tuberosity femur (hip); flexes (knee)
condyle of tibia
head of fibula
Biceps femoris linea aspera
and lateral flexes knee
( short head) of femur
condyle of tibia
Muscles of the Lower Leg:
Muscle Origin Insertion Action
lateral condyle and
Tibialis first cuneiform dorsiflexion and inversion
upper lateral portion
anterior and 1st metatarsal of foot (ankle)
of tibia
Gastrocnemius 2 heads, medial and posterior surface plantar flexes foot (ankle);
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lateral condyle of
of calcaneus flexes knee
femur
medial border of tibia, posterior surface plantar flexes foot (ankle),
Soleus
head of fibula of calcaneus steadies leg when standing
HAZRAT BILAL MALAKANDI
1ST YEAR (PHYSIOTHERAPY)
KMU INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE
AND REHEBILATATION
Cell# 091-0333-9364694
Bilal_kmu02@yahoo.com
Biraf2050@yahoo.com
H.B.M.K
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