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India Ports and Terminals: S.L.Ganapathi

Ports provide safe places for ships to berth and load/unload cargo and passengers. Dry ports located inland serve as transportation hubs connected by road or rail to seaports, allowing for cargo transfer and storage. Harbors are sheltered waters that facilitate ship anchoring and port construction, and can be natural or artificial. Docks are enclosed port areas with multiple berths made by walls or dredging. Dredging removes underwater debris to deepen harbors, docks, and shipping channels. Cargo terminals specialize in different goods like containers, oil, or grains. While ports were traditionally public, some have been privatized with terminals now operated by global companies. Indian ports face challenges like outdated regulations,

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50 views19 pages

India Ports and Terminals: S.L.Ganapathi

Ports provide safe places for ships to berth and load/unload cargo and passengers. Dry ports located inland serve as transportation hubs connected by road or rail to seaports, allowing for cargo transfer and storage. Harbors are sheltered waters that facilitate ship anchoring and port construction, and can be natural or artificial. Docks are enclosed port areas with multiple berths made by walls or dredging. Dredging removes underwater debris to deepen harbors, docks, and shipping channels. Cargo terminals specialize in different goods like containers, oil, or grains. While ports were traditionally public, some have been privatized with terminals now operated by global companies. Indian ports face challenges like outdated regulations,

Uploaded by

akhil107043
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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India Ports and Terminals

S.L.Ganapathi
Definition
Port is the seaside place where ships are berthed and loading and
unloading of cargoes and embarkation and disembarkation of passengers
are facilitated- also includes supplementary facilities and quays ,
equipments sheds, rail sidings etc
Ports also provide a safe place for mooring vessels
Dry Port (sometimes inland port) is an inland intermodal terminal directly
connected by road or rail to a seaport and operating as a centre for the
transshipment of sea cargo to inland destinations.[1]
In addition to their role in cargo transshipment, dry ports may also include
facilities for storage and consolidation of goods, maintenance for road or
rail cargo carriers and customs clearance services. The location of these
facilities at a dry port relieves competition for storage and customs space
at the seaport itself
In India these are synonymous with Inland Container Depots.In UK these
are called Container Bases and in USA these are known as Rail Ramps
Harbours
Harbours are sheltered waters ( lakes) which
facilitate anchoring of ships , construction of
ports and berths inside for tide free loading and
unloading
Harbours could be natural or artifical- Natural
harbours are in bays and creeks San Francisco
Bay or Vishakapatnam inner Harbour or Cochin
Harbour are natural Chennai and Paradeep etc
are artificial harbours
Harbour and Port
Docks
Docks are part of ports having a number of
berths and is enclosed area
Docks are made by enclosing natural water by
wall ( break waters) or by digging artificial lakes
Mumbai Port has P&V docks and Indira Docks-
Kolkata Port has Kidderpore and NS Docks and
Haldia Dock system. These docks are at a higher
water level than the main water body ( sea or
river) and hence ships enter these docks through
lock gates
Lock Gate
Dredging
Dredging is the process of removing under water muck
mechanically to deepen harbours, docks and channels ( the
road the ships take from sea to docks)
Capital Dredging when a new port is built the docks area
needs to be created even if there is a natural harbour it may
need to be deepened to handle modern ships with deep
draft. The one time dredging is called capital dredging
The tides in sea and floods in the river bring a lot of sand etc
to the docks and reduces the depth ( draft ) available and it is
required every year to dredge to maintain .This is called
maintenance dredging
Dry Docks
Dry Dock is where the water is drained to enable repair the sides of ships
Cargo Terminals
Oil Terminal
Grain Elevator
Container Terminal
Privatization In Ports and
Terminals
Generally Ports are operate as Trusts under
Central Government or under State Government
Ennore Port is the first public Sector Corporate
Port
Mundra, Pipava, Gangavaram Dhamra, Redi,
Krishnapatnam, Karaikkal are private ports
Container Terminals are operated in various
Ports by Gateway Terminals ( Maersk/Concor JV)
Dubai Port World, PSA etc
MAJOR CHALLENGES OF INDIAN PORTS
Regulatory
Long gestation period
Environment policy
New regulatory policy
Infrastructure
Capacity limitation
Poor road network within ports
Inadequate cargo-handling
equipment/machinery
Poor hinterland connectivity
Operational
Inadequate navigational aids and facilities
Inadequate IT implementation
Labour-related challenges
Insufficient dredging capacity

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