Translation of original notes from KGB archival files by Alexander Vassiliev (1993-1996)

Translated by Philip Redko, reviewed and edited by Alexander Vassiliev and John Earl Haynes (2007).
[Pagination and formatting track the handwritten original notebook. Phrases in English in the original are italicized.
Phrases that were transliterated from English to Russian in the original are in Arial font. Marginal comments in the left
margin are chiefly page numbers from the archival file while those in the right margin are Vassilievs topic designations, his
own comments, or notes to himself. Endnotes were added in translation.]
*************************************************************************************************

p.9
DOP No. 057 (organizational file for USA 1933-1935) archive No. 17407 v.1
Agents in the USA station as of 15.12.1933.
S-1. An American citizen by the name of Jacobson. Currently unemployed. S-II was
recruited through him. Robert wanted to make him a bookkeeper in the accounting office. In
Roberts opinion, S-1 is a recruiter with prospects.
S-II. A secretary in the U.S. Department of Aviation. Gave blueprints. Recruited through S-
1.
S-8. Last name Lukomsky. Former emigrant. Personal secretary for one of the
representatives of the BRP in NY Chernikov. Gave valuable information about the Butz
affair, regarding the terrorist act against Cde. Litvinov. The source is exposed. A new
station should not be connected. It is expedient to transfer him to Europe.
Robert?
(illegal?)
S-II,
S-1
S-8
terrorist act?
p.10 Hamilton. He is being sent as an illegal, to be a recruiting agent. Hamilton
p.10 Beam. Registered through the Red Cross. Assignment leads for recruitment. Beam
p.11 Doctor. Frocht. U.S. citizen, doctor, connected with us since 1931. Currently de-
activated. It is proposed to transfer him to San Francisco, where he would have a medical
practice and operate a cover for us. He has been to the USSR twice.
He knows who he works for. Provided us with passports and conducted a number of
operations.
Recruitment preliminary outline and former agents of the station from 1928.
Bab. A senator, vice chairman of the Senate Finance Committee. Visited the USSR, has a
difficult financial situation. Agreed through an acquaintance. However, the acquaintance is
unverified and de-activated (Attorney) we are refraining from recruiting Bab.
Frocht
Bab
p.12 Oth. Hansen, Second, Colonel Pierce, Uncle, Japanese, Consul, Journalist.
p.23 Terms of rendezvous with Jung Jung
Akhmerov?
p.42 Network:
Gennady Beam, Talent, Idealist, Singer (- stenographer?)
Georgy S-7 (- Chicago source?)
Frank S-1 and S-2
Nikolay Brit, Jung
Ukrainian S-10
S-6 is de-activated

Black Notebook 1


p.50 Econ. Directorate of the OGPU To INO OGPU: Inquiry
Report on the American zoologist doctor at the University of Baltimore, Walter Allen
Mosley, b. 1904 in England. He collects mollusks and is interested in Lake Baikal and the
Altai region. Came to Leningrad at the invitation of the president of the All-Union Academy
of Agriculture, the Academician Vavilov.
According to agent reports, Mosley is an imposter, does not hold the title of professor, and
gives the impression of being a poorly educated man of indeterminate qualifications. It is
exceedingly strange that Mosley had been taken under the wing of the Academician Vavilov,
who heads the Plant Cultivation Institute and whose work has not even the slightest bearing on
Mosley (the mollusk specialist).

Mosley
p.51- By assignment of the Econ. Directorate of the OGPU information about Vavilovs contact,
Oliver Edwin Baker, an economic geographer, who works in the Department of Agriculture in
Washington as a sr. economist. He has a close personal relationship

Baker
p.55 with the USSRs worst enemy Mr. Hyde (Secretary of Agriculture, Hoovers right hand
man in the Cabinet).

p.58
28 July
1932
Reply from the Econ. Directorate of the OGPU:
Your report about O. Baker is extremely interesting, as it shows the political and practical
side of a highly authoritative official in the American Department of Agriculture, who
supports a counterrevolutionary group of agricultural specialists and professors cultivated by
us Vavilov and Ko, who are trying to disrupt the socialist reconstruction of agriculture and
subject it to Americas interests.
The anti-Soviet figure of Baker, his closeness to the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Hyde and
President Hoover, his connection to highly qualified, anti-Soviet professors in the USSR, and
the existence of agent information describing the promotion of the American interests in the
USSR in all possible ways by the Group
1
which we are cultivating (stealing highly valuable
seeds and sending them to America), attest to the need for a serious and in-depth cultivation of
Baker and his counterrevolutionary and espionage connections with the Academician N.I.
Vavilovs group.
In addition to receiving agent reports about this connection, we are setting ourselves an
absolutely concrete assignment, with the approval of the Deputy Chairman of the OGPU,
Cde. Akulov: receiving documents, photocopies, and personal correspondence irrefutably
confirming Vavilovs counterrevolutionary connection to American agricultural, government,
and intelligence agencies.
In light of this assignment (documenting Counterrevolutionary Connection between Vavilov
and the Americans), the EKU OGPU asks that you brief your station at once and have them
pay serious attention to the matter.
Please inform the EKU OGPU (6
th
Department) of the results as soon as possible.
Deputy Chief of the EKU OGPU Gay
Head of the 6
th
Department Apresyan

Black Notebook 2

p. 61 The station reported information about Bakers career and confirmed the fact that he had met
with Vavilov in America.

p.67 Sector IV of the INO: Tasks before the station.
A.
1. Documents shedding light on Standards commercial activities in the global oil market and
its struggle with global oil concerns (Shell, Anglo-Persian, Romanian Oil, Iraqi Oil).
2. Documents shedding light on Standards policies with regard to the Soviet Union, shedding
light on its Russian division, which trades in our oil products (prices, quotas, etc).
3. Cultivate Standards intelligence work in the USSR (persons and its agents in Soviet
agencies abroad and within the Soviet Union). For this purpose, Sector IV has sent the illegal
worker Cde. Brit, who knows English and is familiar with the oil business.
B.
1. Documents shedding light on the activities of the American company General Electric,
which is part of the global electric bloc. It is spying on our orders, projects, etc. Work was
also being conducted through European agents. Its connections in Amtorg and the trade
delegation.
Standard?
Cde. Brit
illegal?
p.68 C.
Chicago Grain Exchange.
To improve the maneuverability of our grain operations in the foreign market (crop yield,
prices, movement of cargo through European ports, advance sales and purchases, deals
between companies against the USSR, transactions in futures. Establish agents in Chicago
and Winnipeg.
D.
Furs.
F.
Monitoring of operational activities of Soviet agencies abroad.

p.70 On the tasks of the USA station. Brief note (April 1934)
A. Unique position with regard to questions of politics, economy, and technology. Major
influence in European countries. + influence in the Far East U.S. governments position on
Europe and the Far East we need to recruit 2-3 agents from among the officials in the
DOS. As of now, we do not have any agents, and must begin this work from scratch.
This is to be done through our agents contacts about whom we have scant

p.71 information. A second channel through legal representatives.
Disposition of Forces:
New York General consulate:
Nikolay station chief
Osip vice consul (connected with our apparatus).
Amtorg
Gennady engineer, cadre worker. Connections in industrial circles, where suitable people
for polit. intelligence can be found.
Vasya prominent engineer (unclear if he is oper. or not).
Red Cross
Beam doctor. Very gifted intelligence operative. Worked in Persia.
Result of
persecution?

p.72 Nefteexport Pasha.
Black Notebook 3

In addition to the base in NY, points are being established in Washington and San Francisco.
Primary objective in Washington the DOS: information about Europe, and most importantly
about Japan. Far East Division + agents in the Intelligence Service (the main thing also
Japan).
Through: S-1. An accountant, who supposedly has connections in polit. circles. He should be
developed as a recruiting agent on the diplo. line. No other connections.
In past archives we found certain people who had been connected with our work, but because
of a lengthy interruption in our work, the connection with them was lost.
S-1
p.73 The most interesting contacts:
two journalists (one of them has a cousin who is close to Roosevelt)
Bab
Employed by the International Press Division of DOS. Worked in 28. Unclear why the
connection was lost.Second
Pier worked in 28, gave documentary information. Connection with all of them was lost.
Frank will lead the work in Washington.
San Francisco point where American anti-Japanese intelligence and Japanese anti-American
intelligence are concentrated. Establish a base for work on Japan.
1. Recruitment of agents in American intelligence materials on J.
Bab
Second
Pier
Frank
p.74 2. Recruitments in Jap. consulates and firms
3. Baron Butbergs White Guard group
4. Jap. and Chinese emigration
5. Muslim circles (with their help, the Japanese are establishing a pan-Asian movement)
6. Recruitment of agents on steamships crossing the Pacific Ocean in order to establish
connections with Jap. and Chinese ports (with our stations in these countries, in order to send
mail).
7. Recruitment of employees of American companies that have dealings with Japan. Agents
Tom and James. White emigration.
Tom,
James
p.75 Work on White emigration + Ukrainian emigration. S-10 reported on preparations for an
attempt on Troyanovskys life.
Technical intelligence
S-10
p.75 Nowhere is technology as advanced in every sphere of industry as in A.
2
The most important
thing with regard to the procurement of tech. materials for our industry, is that the scale of
production in A.
p.76 has the closest correspondence to our scale of production. This makes tech. intelligence in the
USA the main focus of work.
Tech. intelligence apparatus:
1. S-7 engineer, American citizen, recruited in the Soviet Union. Verified at work. We are
making him a group handler.
2. S-2 secretary in the Aviation Division of the Department of the Navy. Gives valuable
materials. We will connect with S-7.
3. S-6 chemical engineer. Chem. Lab. of the War Dept.
4. S-5 engineer from the Academician Ipatievs group.
5. Bachelor engineer, Russian citizen, studied and worked for a long time in Germany,
which is where he was recruited. On our instructions, he married a wealthy American, who
arranged for his

S-7
Black Notebook 4

departure to the USA. The use of Bachelor is complicated by the fact that his
brother was arrested by the OO OGPU as a Polish intelligence agent. From his file,
it is not apparent that Bachelor is also. But for now he cannot be used.
6. Clever Girl wife of the director of General Electric. Russian, married him in
the Soviet Union. His recruitment is possible through her.
Main areas: a) aircraft construction Curtiss-Wright; b) cannons production; c)
special military technology equipment Sperry Corporation; d) chemistry DuPont.
Bachelor
Clever Girl
p.76 + cultivation of special technology + organizing Amer. passports + illegal
connection with Europe and the Far East through the USA + cover for illegals in
Europe.
Brit was supposed to have worked on economic espionage. His task had been to
establish a network to shed light on oil concerns. (Note in pencil: Volozersky,
absconded in 1938.) Recently transferred from the USSR. We need someone in
the station apparatus.
Brit
p.76-
77
Working principles
The foundation of our work in the USA is the principle of combining legal and
illegal work. All work on

p.77 finding people who are necessary and interesting to us and feeling them out is
conducted through legal means, which are described above. However, recruitment
and work with agents should be carried over entirely to illegal conditions. This
presents the necessity of the station having at its disposal a minimum of two
underground recruiters who could conduct recruitment. There isnt anyone like this
in the station, except for Brit.
They ask that Akh. (Akhmerov?), Mary (worked in Berlin), and Ten be sent to the
USA. An underground apparatus can be organized with them.
Setting up a safe-house in NY; Mary will live there. S-7 will be in contact with her.
Materials to be photographed in the apartments and sent to the legal apparatus.
In San Francisco doctor (establishing a medical consulting office).
No one in Washington yet.
Diplomatic mail rarely comes use private addresses (in film and cryptography).
Moscow, Leningrad, Kharkov, Kiev. It will take 10-12 days + addresses in the
USA.
Permit a radio connection.
Transfer Hamilton to the USA he is a member of the CC of the Comparty of
Great Britain. Use him as a recruiting agent.

The connection with

Doctor was
terminated due to bad
relationship with Robert
(Rosenstein)
The illegals Yasha and
Davis were working.
Hamilton
p.88 Perepelkins connections in the USA (14.1.1933)
S-II Colonel Pierce, about 50 years old, Department of Aviation. Gave materials
pertaining to tests of aviation motors and flying apparatuses. Knew Perepelkin as
the representative of the Pratt & Whitney Company, under the name Mister Perry.
S=II (there is a file on
Pierce) Robert
Perepelkin?
Black Notebook 5

He gave materials through a small-time spare parts salesman named George Rosenfeld,
who lives in the vicinity of Washington (the phone book lists: Rosenfeld Avia
Corporation).
Pierce knew who he was working for. Payment terms: $50 for top secret reports, semi-
secret $20-30.
Muromtsev, Ilya, over 50 years old, former colonel, former Military Academy
instructor. Runs a laboratory for Westinghouse (Pittsburgh). Latest inventions in the
field of radio, supposedly for some tech. bureau. He has an idea of where the material
goes. Pay $5 per page.

p.89 Sechkin, an engineer for Torpedo Corp., around 45 years old, NY. Secret materials on
torpedoes. Paid by the page.
Nikitin, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, about 40 years old. Engineer for the American
Rubber Corporation. Materials on synthetic rubber. Has a relatively friendly attitude
towards Soviet rule.
Epstein, a steamship ticket sales agent in NY. Passports (25-50 doll. per passport).
He was aware of the nature of the job.

p.90 Former sources in the USA with whom it would be possible to reconnect.
Frank Palmer, cover name Liberal. Recruited through Jim. Works as a journalist
for Federated Press. Without special pay. He was used for recruitment. On our
instructions, his wife went to an aeronautical school so that she could make
acquaintances.
Through Liberal Art. Kallet (mechanical engineer at the National Bureau of
Standards, and E.F. Schink, director of the trade organization Technic Research.
Alexander Tolchin, cover name Sam. A Jew from Russia. An engineer in Detroit.
Gave valuable material on bronze bearings.
+ several people recruited in the USSR by the special division of the OGPU, but with
whom a connection was not re-established in the USA.
Liberal
Sam
p.102-109 Received dissertations by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
p.116 Center To Nikolay (22.08)
Considering how absolutely necessary it is to avoid complicating our relations with the
leaders of your country, I am ordering you: 1) to abandon mass recruitment methods; 2)
under no circumstances to recruit without the station chiefs approval, and to focus the
work of existing valuable agents on the XY, Ukrainian line, and communications.

Black Notebook 6


p.167 Center To Nikolay:
Berton F.U. Smith
3
. A letter went out to the Supreme Leader from the aforementioned
person, with an offer to work for the USSR. Verify the address and send detailed reports.
Address: 99 Alfonse Street, Rochester, NY.

p.168 Covering letter from the secret department of the VKP(b) to Artuzov.
p.169 Letter dated 1.10.34 (To Mr. Joseph Stalin, Moscow, Russia)
Dear Sir!
Upon finishing school, I had every opportunity to reflect on the world situation and the world
economic crisis. I tried in vain to find justification for the doctrines of plutocracy and, at last,
I came to the conclusion that the Communist form of government, in which the people as a
whole work for the good of the entire populace, as opposed to a negligible few, is best...
The capitalist, fascist, and other countries of the world are controlled, or rather governed, by
agitation on the part of a small but influential minority group usually a patriotic
organization. Occasionally, certain groups in a given government are extremely sensitive to
these organizations and their agitation, thereby giving rise to anti-Communist legislation,
movements, and agitation, while in some countries, the governments themselves prevent the
spread of Communism...
(I offer my services).
I would sooner become a citizen of the world than the citizen of any particular country. I am
a good-looking man and a good actor (I have been complimented on my acting), and I am
quite attractive.
I have northern features, and the manner of speaking and gestures of an Englishman. I am
poor with respect to money, but rich in health. I dont believe in anything, except myself and
the mission of the human race. I wish you the best of luck in your efforts and hope that you
will give me the opportunity to render my services to you and your movement.
Most sincerely yours Berton F.U. Smith.

p.235 Envelope: Chief Commissar of G.P.U. Moscow, USSR
address: I. Kalmanson, 917E. 56st. Chicago, 111 USA. 27.01.35

p.232 Dear Sir,
I would be extremely grateful if you would reply to the following. A certain Evgeny Sigalov
asked me to grant him a position that demands complete honesty; political contacts are not
important; an absolute firmness of principles is required, ensuring that he will carry out his
duties regardless of personal interest except fixed wages. The recommendations he provided
are rather scanty, and this forces me to doubt his qualifications for this position. Be that as it

Black Notebook 7

may, I would very much like to receive reports about his previous life in Russia, and your
information would be extremely valuable for me, and confidential as well. Some of his
acquaintances told me the following about him: He was born in Kiev or Baku in 1890. By the
time he reached adulthood, he was already living in Moscow, where he was known as an actor
by the name of Ivanovsky-Sigalov; during his last years there, he performed in the Moscow
Dramatic Theater. He left Russia in 1921 or 1922. He had a brother-in-law Boris Sokolov
who immigrated to Germany around the same time. There are rumors that they left Russia
in haste, and that it had something to do with stolen jewels.
I am hoping that you have reports about his character and activities in addition to his political
affiliations. Your reply will be very important to me in determining whether he is qualified to
conduct humanitarian activities.
I thank you in advance and hope that you will find it possible to send me a reply regarding his
honesty and loyalty.
Respectfully yours, I. Kalmanson.
p.231 In the correspondence, Yagoda was called Leader of our Trust.
p.320 A letter from the leader of the Whites in San Francisco, Vladimir Kositsyn, dated 5.01.35,
was intercepted on the way to Shanghai. He complains about working conditions in the USA.
The Silver Legion has officially ceased to exist, because of venomous attacks by the
Palestinian-controlled press. They control 87% of the 35,000 newspapers and magazines in
the country. In fact, however, the Legion has gone underground...In a sea of Americas
Jewish-Communist lies, the Legions newspaper was the first honest herald of truth about
what happened in Russia and what prevails there now.
Pressure on the press, dissemination of literature:

p.322 If a newspaper displays serious ignorance or prints lies concerning the situation in the
Sovdepia, the editor is sent an instructive package with material to cool them off; the latter
with publication permission. When it becomes known that a newspaper has smelled the foul
odor of the red herring, yet is unable to grasp the situation fully, we open the editors eyes
by verbal means.

p.325 28.5.35
Directive from the chief of INO GUGB Cde. Slutsky. We have information about planned
contact between the Germans and the ROVS to pursue militant terrorist work in the territory
of the USSR. Pay close attention to the cultivation of ties between White emigrants and
Germans.

Black Notebook 8

p.36
File No. 3460
The work of Doctor Goddard, received from S-2, was appraised highly in
Center. Rocket engines. Goddard (Gaddard) worked in the city of Roswell,
New Mexico. He was financed by Guggenheim, who refused to finance them in
1932. The U.S. Navy Department subsequently took an interest in them.
S-2 (Col. Pierce)
4
p.42 Monthly rate for sources from 65 to 300 doll. For the 4
th
quarter of 35:
$2,195 for 13 sources.

p.59 A certain White
5
(Spring) was given a one-time payment of $8,000. It would
be desirable to invite him to the Soviet Union and pay him at a rate of 150
dollars per month, though the sum in rubles can be even higher. If he still wont
agree, you may even agree to his terms.
Work is conducted through Brit.
Brit
(There is his personal file).
p.50
File No. 3461 Volume No. 1
Blerios trip to California (5-15.11.35). The goal was the cultivation and
recruitment of workers in the Douglas and Northrop aircraft factories.
Blerio
p.51 The work with the inventor from Northrop with the cover name Needle. He
resisted, but was ultimately convinced. A mechanism for dropping bombs and a
reloading mechanism for machine guns.

p.54 (Blerio began scientific work on high-altitude flight).
Met with Tikhon, who kept on his guard. Shortly before the meeting, a number
of Los Angeles newspapers had published an interview with the chief of police
(James Davis), about how the series of accidents involving experimental military
airplanes (4 planes in 2 months) was the work of an international organization,
whose goal is to sabotage the aviation industry. The subject of the conversation
with Tikhon high-altitude flight.
The newspaper Los Angeles
Evening Herald and Express
from 8.11.35
Red sabotage suspected in
air tragedies.
pp.85-86
p.56 Blerios meeting with Gapon. Also high-altitude flight. Gapon Douglas
Company. He said that at Douglas, secret tests are overseen by his friend, who
is sympathetic toward the USSR. They met. The friend told him a good deal
and even showed him

p.57 documents. Gapon, however, suggested that Blerio appeal to the company
officially. Such conduct on Gapons part attests to the insincerity of his
constant declarations of friendship towards the Soviet Union, his Communist
attitudes, etc.
Meeting with Falcon. Draftsman at Douglas. Joined at the end of Sept. Before
that the Sperry Corporation in NY. Falcon strikes one as having a serious
view of the Soviet Union and an interest in strengthening the latter. At the 2
nd

meeting, Falcon told Blerio: Im still new to the factory

p.58 and my duties here are limited, but as soon as I get the hang of things and make
acquaintances, we will find much that will be of interest

Black Notebook 9

to Soviet aviation.
Conclusion: Develop relations with Needle and recruit Falcon.
p.90 Blerios contact Lever. At the factory of the Budd Company (naval).
p.104 Work on Trotskyites: Liberal, Tarr. Liberal,
Tarr
p.105 On 13.09.35 in Boston, the Trotskyite Organization had an open meeting, at which Cannon,
6

the editor of the magazine The Militant, presented a report on the latest congress of the
Comintern. Tarr was present at the meeting.
Cannon further reported that although the Trotskyite movement had not embraced the masses
broadly enough, it was nevertheless growing and gaining strength. The Trotskyite
organization has groups in many countries around the world, and in particular, there is an
underground Trotskyite organization in the Soviet Union that is connected with foreign
Trotskyites.
Tarr should gradually infiltrate.
Underlined in
the file
p.109 Liberal gave information about Louis Francis Budenz, who used to be the editor of the
magazine Labor Age (where Liberals wife worked.
7

p.111 Liberals conclusion: There are 3 or 4 people with information that is of interest to us, all of
whom are on close terms with Cannon and familiar with current events in Europe. Everyone
else out of the loop, they know whatever is known to the general public.

p.112 Bearing in mind Liberals potential, we are conducting work with him on identifying the
persons surrounding Muste (Abraham Muste), Cannon, and other Trotskyite leaders here,
who, while not in leadership positions, are nevertheless up to date on Trotskyite organizational
activities.

p.117 Charlie, Taras, and the source Grin, (1932) also worked on the Trotskyites. Charlie, Taras
Grin
p.118 Correspondence from Nikolay dated 3.10.35
A/214 arrived. (Russian emigrant (17 pp. report in Russian pp.120-136)). In France, he
worked in the Jewish agricultural society Renouveau (p.80 cousin of A/214 Hans Mayer
Einsteins nephew). In NY, he is collecting money + organizing the Jewish pavilion for the
1937 Worlds Fair in Paris. Got a job as a secretary in Reinhardts German dramatic society.
This will increase the number of his acquaintances in the German-American intellectual
milieu. We are planning to use him to obtain information about Nazi activity.
A/214
last name
Marianov
p.137 During a trip to Washington, Liberal found out information in the dark from an employee of
the Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry, about the DuPont companys
system of espionage:
Everyone who sells DuPont products is an officer of the Army intelligence, who periodically
sends reports about his work to his superiors intelligence officers in Wilmington.

p.138 Through his acquaintance, Mary, Liberal intends
Black Notebook 10

to establish contact with Sam Reber at the State Dep., who worked at a disarmament
conference in Geneva as a secretary to the head of the U.S. delegation, Hugh Wilson.
Marys cousin Maury (?) Maverick, is a congressman and a member of the War Committee.
Maverick and Mary are extremely close, and she will take advantage of their relationship to
stay informed about his affairs when Congress reconvenes in January 1936.
Mary
p.140 Report by Grin on Nazi activities (3.10.35)
From his contact Thomas Schwartz, who worked in the German office at the Workers center.
Schwartz said that Count Alfred von Saurma-Douglas (Alfred von Saurma-Douglas) works
under the name Alfred Sauerman at the biochemical institute at the medical center.
Sauerman received a letter, which said that Van der Lubbe had been sent to America under an
assumed name and another had been executed in his place. In the letter it said that the trail
will be covered up because Van der Lubbe will be thrown overboard in the middle of the
Atlantic Ocean. This was long before the trial and execution. Sauerman published this letter
in the Daily Worker major sensation.
The Nazis in America found out that S. had given the letter to the Communists.
Grin
p.141 Sauerman has disappeared. His wife has not filed a report about S.s abduction, but she looks
despondent.
Sauermans wife is the daughter of a German colonel or general. Sauerman himself had
been castrated, and his wifeaccording to Schwartzis a hermaphrodite. Sauermans
abduction had something to do with a Russian woman named Konstantinova, a Nazi agent-
provocateur. She is the former wife of Prof. Theremin, who in his day invented an
extraordinary musical instrument.
+ report from Schwartz about German exchange students at Columbia University, who led a
Nazi movement among the students.

p.142 Handwritten note by Nikolay: We tried to find out about Konstantinovas activities through
Frenchman, but all our efforts came to naught. Frenchman says that he and K. have nothing
in common and that he has known nothing about her way of life or her activities for a number
of years. A year ago, Frenchman filed for divorce from Konstantinova at the consulate. Theremin
Frenchman
p.31 Frenchman developed transmitters and radio stations, and offered
p.33 to build a large theatrical television. + television for airplanes.
Siniavsky and Bordovsky approved of the installation in principle, but decided to receive a full
tech. design first.

pp.32-
33
We received a $6,000 order from Siniavsky and sent $4,000 to Frenchman for the
manufacture for them of two two-way radio stations that will transmit and receive

Black Notebook 11

dispatches by printing them on typewriters. The devices will be finished in January and sent
to your address. You will receive Siniavskys money in Moscow.
p.33 Regarding the designs for the theatrical television:
For the designs, we are receiving $2,000 from the clients, which they have agreed to pay.
We ourselves are paying Frenchman almost 500 dollars, which is consistent with the actual
value of draft work. Bear in mind that we quoted the clients a price of $30,000 for the
television. We will have to pay Frenchman around $9,000.
...For the airplane television, we quoted Bordovsky (also works in NY) a price of $15,000. It
will cost us 6 or 7 thousand.

p.34 Frenchmans work is entirely satisfactory, but it is worth bearing in mind that he is an
inventor who runs a makeshift workshop. He can manufacture one or two devices at a time,
and of course as far as construction goes, his installations cannot be streamlined to the same
degree as would be done in factories with standard mass production.

p.33 The major American corporation Bendix ordered a capacity altimeter (for aircraft) from
Frenchman + Bendix offered Frenchman a job at his company and promised to pay him
$1,000 a week.

p.34 We instructed Frenchman to accept this offer and keep us informed at all times about
negotiations. If this can be accomplished, we will gain access to work of Bendixs that is
extremely important for our automotive industry (aviation industry?
8
), including his work on
blind flight and blind landings. Frenchmans altimeter is important to Bendix precisely as part
of that work.

p.143 Report by S-8 from 5.08.35
The former newspaper reporter Heim (hereinafter Esyu) has begun organizing a league to
fight Communism in the USA. He is bringing together representatives from every American
and foreign national organization in America. He has already held two meetings in the
German beerhouse Teutonia on 3
rd
Avenue near 16
th
Street on the West Side. Representing
the Ukrainians Simon Damanchuk; representing the German Fascists and friends of the New
Germany Nelson, Dr. Meyer, Ostermann; representing Imperial Union Oleg Pantyukhov,
Mezentsev, and Lukomsky (S-8 himself?)
9
. George Sites a former American intelligence
agent during World War I. They discussed: whether to fight against the Jews to the same
degree as the Communists. The Germans for; they were seconded by Pantyukhov. Simon
Damanchuk against, saying that the former would result in the organizations demise from
the very start.

p.144 At the 2
nd
meeting, they decided on their name American Christian Union.
Esyu is connected to British intelligence. A former pilot. Represented England with
Yudenich.

Black Notebook 12

p.147 Eduards report on the cultivation of Bluma Karp cover name Cecil. from 14.08.35.
Suggests that she is affiliated with the Navy Department.
Cecil
p.150 From 3.10.35
Nikolay is connected to Medic, who spoke with Face (State Dep. employee?). U.S.
congressional materials were published in the Soviet press, and Roosevelt saw this as a
challenge to the USA. Face received a note from Hull, and said that it was too pointed. Hull:
It was written by Roosevelt himself.
To quote Face:
On the whole, the sending of the note can be explained by internal affairs and powerful
pressure on Roosevelt from reactionary elements. It is already the eve of the re-election
campaign, and in particular, one of the decisive regions for the fate of the upcoming elections
is the state of California, and with his gesture, R. wanted to gain that states approval and
support. Furthermore, Face hinted that after the Congress of the Comintern, there might be
grounds for accusations against Roosevelt, to the effect that he would be supported by
Communists and radical leftist elements, which would put him in a difficult position, given
that the Right constantly accuses R. of allegedly conducting socialist and Communist
experiments.
Of everything in Faces analysis of the situation, Medic emphasizes the following in
particular:
Medic
To find traces
in MID and
CC.
p.151 1) Now, as never before, there is a possibility of a break in diplomatic relations between the
USA and USSR, if R. does not receive a satisfactory reply or explanation that would enable
him to save face before the foreign and domestic world.
2) This is all the more likely given that every day, the isolationist trend gets stronger; this
particularly affects Roosevelt and his circle.
3) A break in relations with us is enthusiastically supported in both houses, where the number
of supporters of the USSR can be counted on one hand.
4) Face is confident (to all appearances, this is the DOSs opinion) that a break in relations
with us will completely free Japan, which could still declare war on us this year.
5) That at the DOS, they have almost reached a decision about recalling Bullitt from Moscow,
and possibly appoint him ambassador at large, in the manner of Davis.

p.152 Grins line July 1935
An appraisal of his materials arrived from Center only after 8-9 months. On the other hand,
his potential has gone down, because the Nazis are reorganizing their work in light of the
Dickstein Committees activities and have taken several of their people out of the USA.
Grin
p.153 Grin a popular, widely known journalist, a Jew. However, he works with many of his
contacts in the dark,

Black Notebook 13

for example, with Pomerance, niece of Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau and daughter of
the well-known Jewish banker Wertheim.
p.153 She consented to help Grin with his work, without knowledge of his connection to us.
p.155 Grin receives materials from Prince (member of the Dickstein Committee?), who is in charge
of the cultivation of local Whites, who, together with the Nazis, conduct work against the Jews.
Prince
p.158 Prince told Grin that he is the only journalist to whom he is willing to give the numerous
materials he has about the Nazis. Princes only condition a refusal to give these materials to
the Communist press. Prince insists on having these materials published in the bourgeois
liberal press.
It has been suggested to include Prince in agent work.
We consider as extremely important Princes statement to Grin about the evidence in his
possession indicating that in the past 9 months, the Germans have sent over many millions of
dollars to the USA for propaganda and work, and that these sums are much higher even than
the money spent here by the Germans during the Imperialist War. Prince not only knows the
route by which this money got here (Germany Switzerland Canada USA), but also the
banks, peoples names, and check numbers.

p.153 Grin has one agent Zero, who doesnt even know that she works for us. On the Nye
Committee. He gets a large quantity of documents from her.
Zero
p.156 ...a number of international intelligence agents is going over these materials. They also go into
detail about the chemical warfare industry, the division of the sphere of influence among the
largest global arms producers, bribing methods, ties with intelligence agencies, purely technical
military questions about individual types of weapons, etc. Besides, the means and methods by
which DuPont conducts intelligence work against the USSR can be discovered in them.

p.157 Handwritten note from Nikolay:
In the next few days we will be taking Zero from Grin and including her in our network.

p.154 Grins contact Courier Courier
p.154 At the end of July, Courier tried to start blackmailing Grin, saying that he believes that
materials about the Whites anti-Semitism is of interest to wealthy Jews, and that this obviously
interests the USSR. Courier demanded 350 dollars from Grin but after Grin sharply
rebuffed him, he fell silent, and Grin terminated his connection with him and didnt pay him
for two weeks of work, since Courier hadnt given anything interesting. Courier became
frightened when Grin said that he would turn him over to the court for blackmail...

Black Notebook 14

p.154 We think it was good on our part that Grin was connected with Courier, rather than
our worker, b/c it is after all completely natural for Grin to be interested in anything
having to do with the work of the Nazis and anti-Semitism.
Reproach: We asked for screening in Oct. 1934 and didnt get a reply until July 1935. In
the archives compr.
10
Courier an American detective. Connected with Easley (a fascist?) and on
instructions from him could have begun cultivating Grin.

pp.158-
159
The journalist Steele (Steele
11
) from the New York Post, who reports on the situation
in Germany, suggested to Grin that they work together on articles. In the past,
according to Steele, he worked in German foreign delegations on economic intelligence.
Steele gets materials from French intelligence. His source the French military attach
in Washington, Lombard.
Steele
p.160 Steele told Grin that he is actively cultivating James, whom he believes to be a
German agent. S. did not offer any evidence, unless you count that according to his
information, James supposedly receives 500 dollars a month from Germany, and that
his service is very suspicious. The other day, Grin met Steele in Princes office, and
when Grins asked what he was doing there, Steel explained that he was looking for
material on James.
Handwritten note by Nikolay: Nord was informed.
James illegals
p.161 Grins
report in Eng.
James former
German consul
Schwartz.

p.190 On Washington
Frank met with Cornet several times. Cornet reported that we are aware that Japan
is ready for war, and that it could begin military operations at any moment, but we
cannot say for certain against whom these operations will be directed at first. According
to materials in our possession, the war will initially be fought against the USSR...
For now, the Japanese are feeling you out through Mongolia, and accordingly, it would
be very good for you to set up a Mongolian base. From a political standpoint, the
Mongolian government ought to declare its annexation to the Soviet Union, thereby
giving the latter the right to openly defend its territories.
Cornet
p.191 Frank was instructed to continue maintaining his personal relations with Cornet and try
to prepare him for possible work with us. It goes without saying that Frank will not be
conducting the recruitment conversations,

Black Notebook 15


even if Cornet makes it clear that he would be willing to be connected with us more closely.
p.191 Frank delivered a letter to Catcher from his brother. C. said about himself that he had left
Russian for Germany as a 13 year-old boy. His brother later went to Russia, and he to
America. 15 years ago he began specializing in the insurance business and became an agent
for the major company Equitemby.
12
He does business with a well-heeled clientele and has
extensive connections. He doesnt like the work, however. In 32, he was in the USSR,
wanted to stay, but there wasnt an
Catcher
p.192 apartment. He talked about his sympathetic feelings towards the USSR and Communism. He
said that he was ready to leave his business at any time and get involved in useful activity in
the interest of the revolutionary class.
Agreed to help us with his knowledge of various people. Talked about his relationship with
S-1 without naming names. S-1
p.194 In conversation with Frank, Catcher made it clear that he is ready to work with us on the
condition that we guarantee him his average figure of his salary (400 dollars). (Reason: Our
work will prevent him from working at his job, and as a result, he will lose his source of
income. However, we believe that at the initial stage of his work with us, he will have enough
time for his business and therefore we presume that by guaranteeing him half (200 dollars),
we can come to an agreement with him.
Nikolay thinks it would be expedient to pass Catcher over to NY station.

p.196 Last year, we sent materials on State Dep. employees Russian emigrants, in order to check
their blood relations. To this date, there has been no reply. Please expedite.

p.199 Work on Trotskyites Boston and New York groups. Sound has been working, though so
far without success.
Sound
p.201 We discovered through Sound that for the last 4 years, Sylvia Loeb has worked for Amtorg;
her brother is the regional organizer of the NY Trotskyites. Her husband, Aaron Loeb, also
worked at Amtorg for about 4 years as a courier.

p.203 We have begun a systematic check of American personnel at Amtorg.
p.206 The work on Trotskyites through Shifra Tarr, widow of the Communist Tarr (Tarnopolsky).
Works from home doing hair treatment, which brings her a salary of 50 to 70 dollars a month.
It is her only source of income. Her parents and brothers are in the USSR, in Vinnitsa. She
corresponds with them. Her views are close to those of American Communists, but she is not
a party member. Blerio is acquainted with her.
Tarr
p.171 Information about the wife of an Italian banker. Recruitment is possible, since she is applying
to move to the USSR.
Tarnovskaya -
Randegger
p.213 From Nikolays letter to Center:
Because coverage of the State Department is primarily handled by another line, we are less
interested in this objective.
State Dep.
Black Notebook 16


pp.213-
214
Official L. Duggan, an analyst in the Latin American Division. Frank is strengthening
their personal relationship. However, this division is not of interest to us.
Official
aka 19
p.214 Work on foreign embassies in W.: Chinese, Lithuanian, Polish.
p.215 Carpenter Plavnik. Insurance agent. Could be useful as a background checker. Carpenter
p.230 Smuggler (dry law times), who is used to bring illegals into the USA from Canada. Boatman
p.232 On the company Federal laboratories in Pittsburgh, which specializes in armor-plating
vehicles.

p.241 Work on Grins line has diminished, because the Dickstein Committee already made a
report to Congress.
Prince leader of the Jewish Intelligence Organization. Prince
p.251 Station chief in San Francisco Ben. Corresponds with Center through Nikolay. Ben
p.1
File No. 3461 v. 2
They ask that the estimate be increased for the 1
st
quarter of 36 more agents, as well as
travel by operatives all over the country.

p.95 Catcher gave preliminary identifying data for a number of persons working in government
agencies. He was set a salary of $200 a month.
Cover names of agents on X line: Talent, Lever, Cathode, Magnate, Pike.
Catcher
p.165 Grin was deactivated; Zero was handed over to Link. Grin,
Link,
Zero
p.170 Through the source, Black information about Vera Kane. Works at the law firm Fraser,
Speir, Meyer and Kidder on Wall-street.
Key
Black
p.176 Letter of Oct. 3, 35
A group of engineers arrived in Los Angeles in connection with the purchase of two Douglas
and Northrop airplanes by Tupolev. Supervised the American specialists.

p.225 Brigadier took the news that he had lost his opportunity to go to the Soviet Union very badly.
He said that a trip to the Soviet Union had been his dream of recent years, that he had wanted
to go to a country where an inventor didnt have to worry that, in the wake of his invention
being implemented, some number of workers would lose their jobs.
Nevertheless, we need Brigadier in the USA.
Brigadier
Black Notebook 17

p. 256 Derivative works on DuPont and gives materials on synthetic rubber. Derivative
pp.
296-
297
Brits trip to Chicago. Materials on metallurgy Brit
pp. 1-2
File No. 3460 v.2
14.09.35
Center views Grins work with skepticism, and regards Couriers blackmail as Grins
failure. Concrete outcome Zeros recruitment. Grin
p.3 Liberal and Grin are crossing paths and could expose one another. Liberal
p.2 Their contact is Grace Ellen Bengz (either a Trotskyite or Nazi agent?) Grin
p.3 Center has concluded that Nikolay is leading his division poorly and that agent material isnt
even read in the station.
Liberal exposed agent, since people approach him on their own initiative (Shulkind, a
friend of the traitor Switzs wife).

p.5 There is a proposal to deactivate Grin and Liberal.
p.9 Excluded from the estimate for 36: Pillar (info. on D.V.),
13
Liberal, Grin, and Courier.
A/214 is included conditionally. Warn him that if he doesnt start working, we will turn him
away.

p.14 Personal letter to Nikolay 29.08.35
Dear Nikolay!
I received your letter. Its good that you recalled our walk to the Kremlin together last year,
those golden days and those young women whose sight of which I lost, and whom, if truth be
told, I have completely forgotten. Who, if not all of you, and you in particular, can
understand me, coming home so suddenly and hastily, where in quiet and complete peace one
reads and writes and talks.
At first it was unusual, and it was difficult to stay afloat and not drown in paper. Now I am
already used to a whole series of methods, and I know for certain that cipher cables should be
returned, that tearing them to shreds and throwing them into the water
14
is not permitted by
the rules, that resolutions are put on paper, etc., etc.
But the crux of the papers you very rarely find a vital issue, because they write a lot of
nonsense, and you get angry that youre wasting your time, and you do everything you can to
keep from cursing lustily.
Suppose that on three pages, in the style of a diary, your source records under the 7
th
and 8
th

and 9
th
and 10
th
and 11
th
of June, that he has not found the Mladorros club [a White Guard
organization]. But on the 4
th
page what joy he writes that the clubs address (ship-
kvartiry)
15
is such and such.

Black Notebook 18

Why the devil then did I go through those 3 pages, only to read a two-word address on the 4
th
?
Then these pages are written out in English, photographed, developed, typed up, sent out to be
translated,
p.15 retyped, reread again and again, and all this for the Mladorros address in New York.
Besides the fact that all this scribbling costs loads of money, it also fills me with exasperation,
eating up time, clouding the brain with a kind of leadenness, and causing both you and me a
lot of anxiety. Really, why didnt you tear this agent material to shreds and didnt put two
words in its place with the address, and thats that!
But most importantly, the Mladorros address is of little interest to us.
For this reason, let us stipulate what it is we need with regard to the Whites, and what,
concretely and absolutely precisely, is of no interest to us.
We need to know:
a) Where Colonel Pantyukhovthe scouts leaderlives, how he works, whom he
corresponds with and what about. Whether he gets letters from B. and I. Salnevich from
Finland and what these letters are about? Whether he gets letters from Miller in Paris and
what those letters are about.
b) What means Vonsiatsky has at his disposal, what his relations are with his wife, whether he
plans to go again to Europe or the Far East. Who has close ties with him? Who among the
Americans supports him? What milieu does he move in?
c) The young members of the National Alliance of the New Generation, or NANG for short,
and its views. Whether the newspaper For Russia, which calls for terrorism and is
published by the NANG leadership in Bulgaria, is being distributed.
d) Who has personal ties with the Germans directing propaganda in America. Be specific,
though: how much are these Nazis giving to help the Whites,

p.16 And whom are they giving it to specifically?
We have no interest at all in:
a) Adventure information, such as the fact that Adelia Piasetskaya married a Canadian and as
a Canadian, was allowed to live in the USA,
b) Information based on hearsay, unless it has to do with terrorism.
c) Trivial knowledge of a local character: so-and-so does not take part in monarchist
activities.
d) Informational material about all the White Guard Russians who are suspected or guilty of
anti-Semitism.
e) Raw identifying material that serves as subsidiary to the station and is of no interest to us
since it doesnt contain results.
These are our requests, and if the new agents continue to cram everything I listed as
unsuitable down our throats, then dont be offended if the sector remains dissatisfied.
As soon as the direction of the agents work corresponds with what interests us, we (i.e., I, the
sector, and the leadership) will do everything we can to make your task easier.
I wrote this not to belittle your abilities or qualities in any way, but simply so that we can
avoid working ineffectively or working in vain.
I send my greetings. Yours, Duche.
(There are other letters. After Gold.)
16

Black Notebook 19

p. 17 Estimate for the 4
th
quarter of 35
for Nord (illegals) - $17,325
For Nikolay - $18,230 (for samples separately)
p.19
14.09.35
...We are interested in having several mid-level or even small-time businessmen in
your city, who, for a small sum, would agree to make it look like they had business
(commercial) ties with some of our people in Europe. The businessmen wouldnt need
to do much: exchange business correspondence with our people, send samples or
catalogues of some of their patented wares, and so forth.

p.21 14.09.35
The illegals Rocco and Vitto (the 2
nd
is of Persian descent) will soon be transferred to
the USA.
Rocco,
Vitto
p.21 General working principles:
...While we attach serious significance to political work, we must simultaneously draw
your attention to the fact that, according to our information, in your country, the Nazis,
along with Islanders and Whites are taking measures to compromise our official
agencies, in part by exposing our work.
We have information that interested industrial circles in your country are making use of
the return of Switz (who is known to you) to start a campaign to expose scientific-
technical intelligence; that a committee has been formed with Hulls approval to
investigate these activities. Among others, two former employees of Amtorg will act as
witnesses.
Switz,
Hulls
Committee
p.22 We were enjoined by the directive echelon
17
not to permit failure in your country under
any circumstance, since the least trouble in that direction could have serious
consequences with regard to foreign policy, involving interests beyond the relationship
between us and the country where you live.
You should proceed from this directive when building on your work in the future as
well. The work requires particular effort, manifesting itself in:
a) utmost caution;
b) secrecy;
c) caution and purposefulness in the selection of agents, and
d) the expansion of the network, in accordance with the aforementioned objectives, but
this too on the condition that the recruits be carefully studied and verified, and with
mandatory prior approval from center.

p.23 Assignments on the Jewish line:
1. Re-recruitment of agents of the Jewish Committee;
2. Detecting Jewish Committee agents in Germany;

p.24 3. Work on the Jewish Congress (where Prince works?)
p.24 We are beginning to suspect that Medic is a German agent. It follows that we should
refrain from using him on the U.S.s central agencies. He owns his own chemical
company.
Medic
Black Notebook 20


p.26 In Washington:
Frank ought to refrain from developing relations with Cornet. Communication only on the
official line.
In the context of Washington, it is completely inadmissible to conduct recruitment in official
agencies through our official apparatus, as this will inevitably lead to the aforementioned
complications. However, this leaves Frank with a sufficiently wide field of activity in foreign
delegations, in particular the Islander, German, Chinese, and English ones.
18
Cornet
p.28 The information on the Trotskyite line is not satisfactory, because it does not correspond to
the evidence in our possession.
It is essential to give more information about Trotskyites approaching Soviet students at
Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

p.29 Grins information about the Nazis is not satisfactory. There is more interesting
information in the public press.

p.30 Nazi work in the USA is directed from the embassy in W., the general consulate in NY, and
the consulate in Chicago. We are interested in: Kipp (evidently, an agent) + Rudolph Leitner.

p.32 Nazi propaganda work: (from Grins materials analysis from Center)
There is an agreement, backed by monetary allocation, between the Nazis and Hearsts trust,
which in part can explain that concerns fascist tendencies and activization of attacks that are
hostile toward the USSR.
The intermediaries who brokered the deal between the German government and Hearst are
paid German intelligence agents in the USA George Sylvester Viereck, and Karl Bayer. It
follows from Grins materials that Viereck is personally acquainted with Hitler and on good
terms with Goebbels and Von Papen, for whom he worked during the Imperialist War.

p.33 It would be of great interest to us to get hold of compromising material about Hearst
pertaining to his connection (especially with regard to money) with the Nazis, and also other
prominent representatives of the press or American society, as well as departmental officials.
It would be desirable to gain an insider to Hearst who would be on close terms with the
managing head of that concern. Find out in detail what, specifically, Liberal could do to that
end?
Hereinafter,
Hearst
Concern
p.36 We need work on the organization Friends of Germany. Its leader is Colonel Edwin
Emerson; before the Imperialist War, he was employed by the American Chief of Staff.
In him we undoubtedly have a seasoned German agent with a major skills in intelligence
work.
Hereinafter-
Star
(Friends of
Germany)
Black Notebook 21

p.37 National Civic Federation. Leaders R.I. Easley and Matthew Woll. Easley is also the
chairman of the American division of the International Committee to Combat Communism.
Easleys assignment is to influence the State Dep. in a direction that Germany needs.
Connected with Assistant Secretary of State Phillips, whom he is cultivating for the Nazis.
Easley is conducting intelligence work against us, recruiting Amtorg employees who can
provide compromising materials against us.
The source in Amtorg was someone who worked in Amtorgs photo room. He posed as a
member of the White Guard, who had joined Amtorg out of necessity. In 1933, Easley
allegedly paid 10 thousand dollars for these documents.
Easley did not conduct anti-Semitic propaganda; on the contrary, he sought to befriend
wealthy Jews in order to get them to finance the fascist movement in America.
Easley
p.39 Conclusions about work on the Nazis: from Center to the station verbatim:
In the future, your cultivation of the Nazis should be conducted along the following lines:
a) Exposure of Nazi work against our interests, both with regard to damaging our relations
with your country, and in the sense of intelligence work against our agencies in your country
and in our territories.
b) Exposure of Nazi agents in official agencies in your country, particularly in the DOS and
intelligence bodies.
c) Exposure of Nazi work against the fraternal organization in your country.
It would be easiest to accomplish this by reinstating the de-activated network of the Jewish
Committee, both within the country and among the agents who doubtless exist in Germany,
and whom you ought to detect.

p.50 Estimate for the 1
st
month of the 3
rd
quarter of 35.
1. Compensation for agents in sector 1 - $1,925
2. -//- -//- XY - 2,150
3. -//- employees - 2,275
4. Op. expenses 600
5. Maintenance of covers 150
6. Household expenses 870

Black Notebook 22

p.57
File 3463 v. 1
Through Magnate, we received samples of armor, bulletproof glass, and bulletproof
vests. Connected with Federal Laboratory. Magnate
p.81 In accordance with a directive from Center, A/214 was deactivated. A/214
p.83 In connection with the anti-Soviet campaign:
Pull Soviet citizens out of the organizations of Russian Americans and have the
Russians
19
leave Amtorg. Leaders of the fellowcountrymen organizations made a
promise to Soviet representatives, but it has not been kept.

p.90 Letter dated 2.01.36
Needle has been transferred over completely to agent relations. Blerio received from
him the general shape and dimensions of the newest fighter from the Northrop company
(for Tupolev).
Needle
p.91 At the end of the summer of 35, this airplane disappeared (evidently, it fell into the
sea).


p.113-
115
The illegal Redhead approached Zero in Washington and tried to recruit her. Nord
had been told to leave her alone, but Redhead did not obey Nords instructions.
Zero works on the
Nye Committee
Redhead Peters
wife?
f.35112 v.5 p.330

p.128
Letter dated 13.04.36
Needle joined the company Lockheed. He is designing a super high-speed air cruiser.
Needle develops all of the weapons for it.
Needle
p.212 Pancake (Liberals lead) Isidor Feinstein, a commentator for the New York Post. Pancake
p.236 Needle has a wonderful attitude towards his work. He carries out all of our
assignments with precision and care. He is extremely happy with the work and has
repeatedly expressed his warm feelings with regard to the Soviet Union. He recently
came to Eduard with a request to allow him a two-week vacation, which the latter did.
This is characteristic of Needle and underscores his discipline and seriousness.
Needle
p.277 He is preparing for a trip to Europe. He talked about his connections in Germany:
military chemists at the company I.G. Farbenindustrie and journalists; he also knows
U.S. ambassador Dodd.
Medic
p.283 Letter dated 20.5.36
Relations with Pancake have entered the channel of normal operational work. He
went to Washington on assignment for his newspaper. Connections in the State Dep.
and Congress. Knows Prince.
Pancake
Prince
p.285 Pancake reported that Karl Von Wiegand works in Berlin as a correspondent for the
Hearst agency Universal Service. He had been ordered to maintain friendly relations
with Hitler, which was supposedly dictated by the fact that the German press was
buying the agencys information.
Hearst is in a deal with German industry to supply the latter with a large consignment
of copper.

Black Notebook 23

Wiegand does not agree with Hearsts policy. He turned to Pancakes boss for advice.
The latter arranged a meeting for him with Roosevelt in35. William Dodd, the son of
Ambassador Dodd, was present. Dodd Jr. takes part in anti-Fascist work. He studied at
the University in Berlin. He was supposed to have gone to Germany. He had wanted to
collect information about the Olympics in order to sabotage them.
Wiegand
Dodd, William
p.287 Pancake established contact with Dodd. We wanted to recruit him and put him to work
on the State Dep. line. Pancake should tell Dodd that he has the means to connect him
with an anti-Fascist organization in Berlin.
Wiegand is currently in the USA (he flew in on the maiden voyage of the Hindenburg
airship). Approach to Weigand: his daughter wife of the revolutionary critic and friend
to the USSR, Joseph Freeman. Freemans brother Harry is deputy to TASS local
representative.

p.288 Dodd was invited to work as an American secretary at the International Peace Congress,
which will take place in September of this year in Geneva.
Dodd Boy
(later
President)

p.176
File 3461 v.2
About Needle
Blerio met Needle thanks to a delegation of inspectors from Tupolev. One of them
provided a lead. Blerio went to Los Angeles. Blerios arrival coincided with the departure
of the inspectors, who gave

p.177 a farewell dinner for the factory workers. He met Needle. Last name York. They
dont pay him enough, and he wants to start his own business. He showed Blerio a design
for a motor. Blerio suggested sending it to Moscow to get the opinion of people who work
on similar things.

p.41
File 3463 v. 2
Letter dated 1.08.36
Pancake gave Boy coordinates for a certain George Burkhard in Berlin. If we
manages to contact Boy in the near future, this could be used to prevent him from
connecting with openly radical groups.
Pancake
Boy
p.42 From Boys conversation with Pancake, we learned that:
1. Boy is aware that his sister took part in underground anti-Fascist work;
2. Boys father also maintained a connection with Anti-Fascist groups in Germany and
received them at the embassy;
3. A couple of days before
4. The last name of the employee of the American embassy who is suspected of having ties
with the Fascists and was the go-between for General Electric and
5. The American military attach in Berlin gave Boys father information that the Germans
were planning to go to war with the USSR in the fall of 1936.

Black Notebook 24

p. 71 Letter dated 5.08.36
From Zero materials from the Nye Committee.
Secret dispatches from the commercial attach in Berlin about American companies working
to arm Germany, secret reports from American consulates in Berlin, Stuttgart,
Czechoslovakia.
Zero
p.72 Reports from the American military attach in Berlin. They describe in detail the
Reichsluftshubtzbundt, Nothilfe, the duties of the Reichswehr, German arms, the role of
Daimler-Benz, a report on German war plans, a report on the preparation of the armed forces
and cadres, and war plans (strategic and operational).

p.99 Letter dated 12.09.36
S/2 security:
Upon her return from vacation, the source was shown, for her information and guidance, an
order to the agency regarding the vigilance of all its employees (in light of exposed
espionage cases. (This pertains to a group of Japanese intelligence agents who were arrested
in Los Angeles, and to the naval officer Farnsworth
20
(a Japanese spy), who was arrested in
Washington). In accordance with this order, it is forbidden for typists and secretaries not
named in the order to type up top-secret documents in their divisions.
The order names only three typists who can be used by division leaders to type top-secret
documents. We regret to inform you that our source was not among those three. But
departmental bureaucracy is not an easy thing to overcome, and for noworder or no order
the division leaders continue to use their own secretaries (whom they have at hand) to type
things up.
The source thinks that everything will remain as it was. Much talk
S-2 - in the
U.S. Navy
department.
Used to give
documents on
aviation.
Handled by
Brit.
p.100 in the division about the espionage cases, but our source is calm enough. We also gave the
source corresponding directives regarding vigilance. Meetings are to be scaled back to once a
month.

p.121 Letter dated 21.10.36
S/2 reported that documents are still typed up in every division, including hers.

p.127 We ask that you help the family any way you can to get settled. The city is not important; if
not Moscow or Leningrad, then the Ukraine is fine too Kharkov, or something along those
lines. Bear in mind that Sound has been our agent without pay for many years, and has done
inconspicuous but at the same time extremely important work for us. We hope that you can
help them out.
Sound
Black Notebook 25

p. 183 Letter dated 2.12.36
Cheetah materials on war ships and submarines. Given at the second meeting.
Cheetah seriously wants to help us for ideological reasons and is not concealing any selfish
aims. The only reward he is counting on is to eventually move to the Soviet Union for work.
He has said several times that he does not want to raise his three sons in context of Capitalist
America, and would like to make real people out of them in the Soviet Union.
...We came to an understanding with Cheetah regarding exceptional caution and secrecy in
the future. This is especially important and necessary given the circumstances, when in the
USA there is currently an exceptional amount of pressure on all lines to raise the secrecy of
anything having to do with the nations defense.
Cheetah
p.31
File 3464 v. 1
Letter dated 13.02.37
Assignment from Center on bacteriology:
It is absolutely essential that we receive a culture of parrot disease, Psittacosis (Psitacosis)
as its called.
This microbe was found in sick parrots in Europe (in Germany) and America. Interest in the
microbe came about in connection with the enormous death rate among owners of sick
parrots, since many petty bourgeois families owned parrots. Germany is putting especially
strong efforts into studying this microbe; having chosen it as one of its weapons in the coming
war. The mortality rate among those infected by this disease 100%.

p.70 On the Ukrainian Nationalists Organization Blue Tit. It is essential to get close to
Mishuga, who is Konovaletss trusted representative in the USA.
By strengthening his ties with the ODVU, Blue Tit should connect with the Germans and
Italians, and make his primary goal the disclosure and cultivation of their concrete
counterrevolutionary, their intelligence, diversionary, and terrorist work against the USSR,
and their use of Ukrainian organizations in America to those ends.
Blue Tit
Black Notebook 26

p 29 Questions that require special attention (draft of Omegas combined assignment for 1937):
1. Aviation: high-speed airplanes with powerful weapons and controlling devices for them;
2. Naval fleet: high-speed battleships and cruisers, armor, weapons, controlling and steering
devices, submarine batteries;
3. Tanks: engines, armor, weapons, devices.
4. Chemistry: new war poison gasses.
5. Stopping airplane engines mid-flight; remote control; night vision.
p.28 Center:
Find and re-activate a certain Rybak (cover name Ukrainian), who worked with us in 1933
and was affiliated with left Ukrainian circles.
Ukrainian
p.76 Center To Nikolay: March 1937
From October 1934 until March 1935, our radio operator Williams worked for Jung, and
from March until May of 1935, he was connected with you through your wife.
Williams was recruited by someone whom we have since exposed as a Trotskyite.
We received signals from Williamss current place of work regarding his connections with
Trotskyites.
Williams is Fred Shuneman, a member of the Canadian and American Comparties; he came
to us through party circles and is married to Yetta Gabin, a member of the CPA and evidently
E. Browders wifes sister.
Please verify at once whether Williams and his wife were in any way affiliated with
Trotskyism or CPA opposition movements in the past.
Aleksey.
Williams,
Jung
?
Nikolays
wife
p.77 At the last moment: 2.04.37
Yetta Gabin Philip Aronbergs wifes sister. Both are members of the CPA.
P. Aronberg is supposedly still connected with us. He had previously been connected with
Brun.
Inform us whether he is still connected with us.

p.84 Expense estimate for the NY station for the 2
nd
quarter of 1937.
Agents: S-1, S-2, S-7, Link, Eduard, Lever, Long and Vanguard, Talent, Yankee, Solid,
Brigadier, Black, Goose, Magnate, Drone, Falcon, Frank, Outpost, Blue Tit, Professor,
Cheetah, Charlie 7,
Apparatus: Nikolay, Gennady, Georgy (one-time), Lida, Tasya, Frank, Ben, Harry, Brit,
Achilles, Mars, Faun, Blerio, Bubi.
Brit has some kind of separate cover.

p.104-
105
Letter 14.05.37.
Activate Medics work. We are interested in his connections in Germanys chemical
industry. Transfer him to Europe or open a branch of his company there. (in G. or
Scandinavia, Holland). We are willing to invest several tens of thousands of dollars.
Medic
Black Notebook 27

p.113 We now have new sources on the Trotskyites Bob and Actor. Recently recruited.
Both are members of the American Socialist Party. The Trotskyites approached them
themselves, in order to have permanent informants there and to conduct work on
demoralization.
Shachtman approached Bob, and Isaacs approached Actor.
Bob and
Actor
p.114 Our idea boils down to continuing to watch the Trotskyites through the Socialist Party, since
we dont yet have any seasoned agents within the Trotskyite organization.

p.119 Your latest recruits (Actor, Bob) and the transfer of a number of other sources to
covering the Trotskyites have significantly advanced our cultivation of the Trotskyites.
Continue cultivating at the same rate, taking into account preparations for the upcoming
trial.
Actor is arousing the Trotskyites suspicion with his curiosity. He does, however, have
extensive connections among them.

p.120 Actor was at Old Mans house in Mexico. Disclosed surroundings, connections, etc.
p.127 VKP(b) member Fratkin works in Amtorg, having been transferred for work in America
from Paris. Fratkins mother-in-law is currently being subject to repression for her affiliation
with the Right: she was married to Rykovs secretary Nesterov, and maintained ties with
him when he was in exile. In addition, Fratkins first cousin, Wulfson, who works in the trade
delegation in Paris, is also being cultivated as a Trotskyite.
Begin cultivation of Fratkin, find out about his milieu, his views, and the nature of his ties
with Wulfson.

p.131 It is completely clear that Brits position in your apparatus is known to us; however,
regardless of the fact that, as we understand it, you sanction his information, we would like to
know, for a number of reasons, the station chiefs personal opinion on such key matters as
possible betrayal by agents. We have not detected any antagonism to you on the part of your
worker, stemming from the fact that we asked whether you, as a station chief, believe that
Brits information about Gadfly and Zvezda is exhaustive.
Brit
Gadfly
Zvezda
p.131 We inquired about your present opinion of Sound. We need to know your present opinion
of agents and will continue to ask at fixed intervals, because neither the fact of an agents
prolonged work with us nor his fellowcountryman work are in themselves guarantees against
his betrayal, and by no means should we be complacent on the sole grounds that a source has
worked for us a long time and everything was all right.
Aleksey
Ten expressed suspicions about Sound.
(The tone of the letters is very different. Evidently, Nikolay does not like this.)
Sound
Ten
Black Notebook 28

p. 133 We are developing a plan to provide a connection between our organizations and center in
the event of war. We therefore need the following information:
1. All information and regulations regarding the organization of a steamship society in
America, so that this societys steamships can sail under American flags in European waters.
2. All information about small steamship companies (2-4 steamships of average tonnage built
in the last 10-15 years) in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, with an established name, which
can be acquired at an inexpensive price. It would be desirable to get this information in Brits
companys name, or in the name of some other American organization.
3. Report whether Brits company can obtain several freight ships of average tonnage (3,000-
4,000 tons) and guarantee that they can be utilized without loss in European waters under an
American flag.
Aleksey 14.05.1937
Brit
p.160
Letter dated 31.07.37 To Gennady
Critique of Blue Tits work. He is busy with political intrigue, rather than the acquisition
of information. He fell out with Mishuga (who had him put in prison and tried to compromise
him in Ukrainian emigrant circles).
Course of action: Blue Tit should head the ODVU.
Blue Tit
p.163 31.07.37 To Nikolay
In connection with the business with Yashas case, provide descriptions of persons who were
connected with him through work or by blood.
Yasha
p.176 Letter dated 11.09.37 To Gennady
Invited Battering Ram (apparently not an agent, but an object of interest) to the USSR.
We already reported to you that the first few days of Battering Rams stay in our country
did not make an altogether favorable impression on him. The senior officials at GUAP
(Tupolev and others) were unable to provide for Battering Rams service and utilization, as
they were supposed to. It started when Battering Rams telegram about the day of his arrival,
which he had sent to INO NKTP the day before the day off, arrived there in the evening, when
no one was there anymore, and was forwarded to GUAP only after the day off, when the train
had already arrived. No one met Battering Ram at the train station. He was tracked down in
a hotel. Moreover, his summer coat had been stolen at the train station. This was obviously
all unpleasant for Battering Ram, but he didnt show it, and on the surface, looks on his
adventures with a sense of humor.
With regard to lifestyle, GUAP gave him a good set-up. He was given a good hotel room and
an open tab, and provided with a car for the duration of his stay here.
Battering Ram
in the USSR
Black Notebook 29


GUAP was unable to secure attendance to Battering Rams lectures. The first lecture was a
complete disaster.
We were obliged to step in. Someone was apparently given a bath, b/c the make-up of
the auditorium subsequently grew significantly both in quantity and quality.
A person (agent) was brought over a competent engineer and motor-mechanic. He took up
all of Battering Rams free time. He was introduced as an employee of GUAP who was on
vacation.
He was taken down the Moscow-Volga Canal and to Leningrad; in Moscow: a collective
farm, a museum, the childrens hostel for Span. children, the mother and child room at the
train station, and the registry office.

p.177 Battering Ram talked a good deal about aircraft engine construction in Germany and France,
but with spoke with much restraint about the USA.
Battering Ram is by nature reserved and quite modest. Nothing surprises him, and he
knows how to restrain his emotions. He is clearly no fool. He can drink, and apparently
likes to do so on occasion, but all within the bounds of propriety. Evidently, he likes amuse
himself with

p.178
underlined
womenyoung women, for the most part. He is interested in modern painting. He studied
this subject at one time in Paris. He is well acquainted with various entertainment venues in
Paris. To all appearances, he is a positive father of the household, who from time to time
allows himself to have a good time on his own.
During one of our conversations, Battering Ram, while sharing his impressions of the
Soviet Union, said quite frankly that, with regard to matters of lifestyle and service, what he
saw was less and worse than what he had expected. With regard to technology, however, he
saw more than he had expected. He then added that his first impressions of lifestyle and
service were changing significantly for the better. He asked about salaries, workers
vacations, daily life on collective farms, care for children, mothers, etc.
In one of our conversations, he said that care for the worker, his family, and their health
all this was beyond compare with America, but he did not like that womens labor was
utilized on par with mens.
In our last personal conversations, he said that in the Soviet Union, there was much that was
good, and that what was essential had already been done, and only some trivial things
remained that were easy to finish. He pointed to the Constitution and to the authority and
stability of the government, which did not exist anywhere else in the world.
As a result of all these conversations, he said that he was and continues to be our friend. He
was very pleased with the reception he had been given, thinks that he didnt deserve it, and
doesnt know how he can repay us.

p.217 Letter dated 23.10.37
A special committee will be established in the near future to work on Needles materials Needle
p.246 Letter dated 27.11.37
It didnt work out in light of the most recent changes in the aviation industry (evidently,
repressive measures).
21
However, they are of major interest.

Black Notebook 30

p.28
File No. 3465 v. 1
Letter dated 20.01.37
During Cde. Zhemchuzhinas stay in the USA, she received from us various samples of
perfume and cosmetic products from the American company Alco which were obtained
by the source Talent. Now the source has also received formulas for these 23 products
from the Alco Company, which we are sending you. The recipes were obtained free of
charge. We request that as soon as you receive the package, you give these recipes to
Cde. Zhemchuzhina.
Cosmetics
Talent
p.39 We sent a prospectus from the company Federal Laboratories for a device, mounted in a
suitcase, for listening in on conversations.
If you remember, a year ago we sent you a similar suitcase, but received a reply from
you that the device was no good and that it was difficult to hear anything, etc. Magnate
recently ordered
22
another one of those suitcases to several police workers, who took such
an interest in this device that the company F.L., having taken charge of distributing
Magnates suitcase, has already ordered the latter 87 suitcases. Most of the order has
already been filled. We ordered 2 suitcases as well, which we have already received and
tested. The results were very good. We hope to use these devices for our work here. In
our next mailing, we will send you a complete set of working blueprints for the suitcase,
along with a complete set of parts. If these suitcases are of interest to us, we can arrange
to have them made at home using the materials we are sending.
Magnate is currently working on a stationary listening device for installation in hotels,
holding cells, etc. This set-up consists of a central station, connected by wires to
microphones located in various rooms. Whoever is on duty can listen to a conversation in
any of the rooms at his discretion. If he wishes, the conversation can also be
simultaneously recorded.
Magnate
p.45 Before the new year, Blerio (a Soviet engineer) met with Lever in Chicago. He currently
works in the research division of Wright Field (a military base?)
23
. All Wright Field
employees are supplied with plenty of information regarding developments in aviation in
the USA and other countries. Numerous reports from the military attachs in Europe,
with descriptions of the characteristics of individual airplanes fighting in Spain.
Lever also said that, because W.F. is a repository of secrets from various aviation
companies and there is a fear that W.F. employees might give one companys secrets to
another, all employeesespecially civiliansare kept under constant surveillance. They
are categorically
Blerio,
Lever
p.46 forbidden to meet with representatives from other companies, especially outside the walls
of the establishment. Surveillance is set up so well that, no sooner has someone dined
with a company representative, than the next day he is summoned by the boss for
questioning and disciplining.
Black Notebook 31

Both for this reason and because, as a new employee and a Jew, he would be shadowed even
more closely, Lever asks that we not meet with him for the next 3 months, at the end of which
he will go to Boston on vacation and then give us materials he will have accumulated and agree
on the future of the connection.
...Despite Blerios best efforts to convince him that it would be preferable to meet earlier and
set up the connection, Lever held his ground, asserting that it would be better to lose 3 months
and afterwards begin regular work, than to get exposed from the start.
Considering the complexity of the situation and the fact that we agree with some of Levers
arguments, we will not meet with him until April. By that time, we will have developed a
system for contacting Lever that would allow us to receive materials from him with ease, while
minimizing the risk. Because Blerio is a Soviet engineer, he will not meet with Lever after
April to avoid compromising the latter.
p.47 L. used to work at the Martin Company. He said that in July of 1936, a French delegation
visited the factory and was very interested in the twin-engine bomber that had been built for the
USSR.
Because of an agreement between us and Martin, Lever reported that for the manufacture of a
large four-engine flying boat, a large number of older, experienced engineers recently left the
company and had now been replaced by a younger generation fresh from the schoolyard.
Because of this, Lever suggests that we establish a more careful quality control for individual
parts... Any miscalculations will affect not only the machine in question, but also the serial
production of that airplane, which we will have set up in the Union.
The aforesaid concerns are exacerbated by the fact that the Pan American Airplanes
company, which had at one time commissioned Martin to build large boats,
24
recently stopped
ordering these boats.
Recommendation: There is only one Sov. engineer at Martin, who cannot ensure quality control.
A group of specialists should be sent over.
p.204 Letter dated 3.03.37
We think that Cheetahs materials are undoubtedly valuable, especially the material on the
fundamentals of building war ships. Obviously, this material answers many questions of the
assignment
25
on war ships. Obviously, the same can be said about the materials on batteries.
26

The connection with Cheetah is now handled by our agent, Charlie. . .
Cheetah,
Charlie
p.230 In the local fellowcountryman organization, there is a comrade who studied at Princeton
University with Morris. He enlisted his help for the Communist movement. They contacted the
party organizer in Washington. M. did not officially join the cell. He started procuring
documents from his department.
We instructed Sound to go to Washington and arrange with the party organizer to have him
27

handed over to a different person, who is apparently a worker in the local fellowcountryman
organization. The party
Sound
Morris
p.231 organizer spoke with M., and the latter agreed. The person is new, but not the line.
Black Notebook 32

p.231 In order to be consistent throughout the connection with M., this line required someone who
would not arouse any suspicions on M.s part (knowledge of the language, local conditions,
etc) for being of foreign descent, and given these prerequisites, there was unfortunately no
other candidate besides Brit. . .
I ask that you look kindly on Brits actual report on M., which could have been much better
both in content and style. Having become American enough to pass for an American, he
simultaneously lost his command of Russian. Dialectics.
Real name Abe Glasser. 22 year old bachelor, lives in W.
Brit
(see p.5)
p.232 Works in the Anti-Trust Division of the Department of Justice. M. works in a separate office
studying various problems, and receives materials from the Justice Department archives.
Morris
Glasser
p.237 He said that he does not work for the money. Brit, however, gave him $50 to treat some
secretaries he knew.
p.61
File 3465 v. 2
M. is glad that he is not a spy and that he works to improve America. Counterintelligence
education from the POV
28
of having agent provocateurs.
Morris,
Brit
p.307 M. gave materials on work being carried out against the American Communist Organizations
and foreign spies. As of yet, nothing concrete.
p.78 The Nye Committee has shut down needs to be transferred to a different place. Didnt get
into the Department of Justice. Were trying for the State Dep. Also difficult: The State Dep.
is reluctant to admit new employees
Zero
p.79 and does everything it can to avoid hiring Jews.
p.80 In Washington: Franks new source Riddle. Senator Wagners secretary. Frank found out
about her through Solid.
Solid described Riddle as a young woman from a working class family, a true friend of
the Soviet Union, and an honest and potentially useful person.
Frank met with her several times, and the facts were confirmed. She agreed to work with us.
Her connections in government agencies are of interest.
Riddle
p.103 We already asked about Eduards brother, and despite how much time has gone by, we have
still not received a reply from you. Eduard is worried and insists on his brothers innocence.
Forwarding E.s statement
29
we ask again that you look into this business and determine
whether E.s brother is actually guilty. Please report the results of your investigation into this
business as soon as possible.
Eduard - agent
p.106 Brit went to Canada (Montreal) to see the source Vit (materials on wireless communications
equipment).
Brit
Black Notebook 33

p.271 Zero was unable to get a job in the State Dep. However, there is a chance to go back to
Nye, who recently spoke before the Senate and requested that a special Senate
Committee be formed to investigate espionage activities by former Spanish diplomats.
Zero
p.320 Mail 2.06.37
An illegal group is being formed for the Midwestern states. The group should cover
Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, and other major centers.
Bubi went to Chicago to meet with Liberal. Thanks to Liberal, one of the workers in
London was given a cover (he was sent a reporter card and an official letter with
credentials).
Bubi
Liberal
p.321 The Federated Press sent Liberal to Chicago to start a newspaper. Hes hard up on
money, though. If it doesnt work out, he will come back to NY.

p.5
Illegals File 17643 v.1 (org. file 0390)
Letter 6.12.33
Redhead is in America. She is Austrian by birth, from Vienna, but she is a U.S.
citizen with a real passport. She is a courier. (Letter from Man to Otto.)
Redhead
Others: Walter,
Friend, Lotus, Davis.
p.8 Letter dated 5.01.34 from James.
James is probably already in the USA (NY). He writes about someone called N.
The issue of money. He proposes setting up a connection through Paris and Rome.
Password: Question: Do you still live on Anderson Avenue?
Answer: No, I moved a while ago.
My name is no longer Walter; its King.
p.17 Letter to Davis No. 006 25.03.34
Your companys operations have expanded too far, and we are concerned that your
small apparatus will be unable to serve your clients in accordance with the principles
and fundamentals of our profession. Not to mention the dissipation of forces and
insufficient attention to your main clients.
p.19 During your stay in the USA, your work expanded very successfully, but so quickly
that there was no opportunity to process, consolidate, and organize it. It is this in
particular that attests to the timeliness and necessity of reevaluating the principles
behind your companys existence, its finances, and its circle of clients.
It is essential that Davis go to Copenhagen
1) To temporarily isolate you from undesirable surroundings in light of a report
received from Willy; 2) Having summoned you to Europe, to take advantage of the
situation by looking into the state
Black Notebook 34

of your businesss affairs.
The meeting place in Copenhagen the Gorbaldsen Museum, room 32, at 2 PM. Holding
the newspaper Berliner Tagesblat. Password: You: How do you get to the exit. Reply:
Im leaving myself; I can show you.
In light of Willys report, we are effecting a temporary de-activation.
p.20 Plan of work for Daviss station for the 2
nd
half of 1934 (From Center to the station).
In the system of states, the USA is the deciding factor in questions of world politics. There
are no problems, not even purely European ones, that America doesnt take part in resolving
by virtue of its economic and financial might. It plays a special role in the resolution of Far
Eastern problems. It follows that America must be well informed about European and Far
Eastern affairs, and hence, in all likelihood the active role of its intelligence.
This situation necessitates from our intelligence in the USA (especially illegal intelligence) the
following highly important tasks:
It is essential that available agents and those intended for recruitment provide us with
documents and agent-verified materials covering the USAs position with regard to what is
mentioned above and, in particular, the USAs position on the Far Eastern problem.
Therefore, in addition to materials (Willy-Daniel) constituting ambassadors reports to the
State Department, which mainly cover the position of the country where the ambassador is
stationed, the stations task on the diplomatic intelligence line includes expanding work on
receiving materials that reflect the USAs position on international questions, especially those
pertaining to Japan. These should include:
a) directives from the American government to its ambassadors;
b) reports from the Naval attachs en route to Washington, especially regarding Japan and
Germany.
Disposition of Forces (dip. intelligence)
Washington
1. Willy gives copies of reports addressed to the State Department from ambassadors,
consuls, and U.S. military attachs in Europe and the Far East. The materials are very
valuable to the corresponding echelons. Could give cabinet resolutions regarding the affairs
of StateD
30
and G-2 (war intelligence).
Willy
p.21 Daniel works in the same agency as Willy. Recruited with the latters assistance. Gives
copies of stenographic records of the conversations of the Sec. of State and his assistants with
foreign ambassadors. Materials very valuable.
The presence of these agents ensures that we will receive a significant amount of material
from the State Department. In light of this, we do not think further infiltration of the State
Department would be expedient, on either legal or illegal lines.
Daniel
Black Notebook 35

The task is to develop agents who are already available.
New York
James former German consul in NY. Valuable info. regarding German activities in the
USA and Europe. When Von Papen was working in the USA, J. had a close relationship with
German intelligence in America, and supposedly handled 2 agents in U.S. Naval Headquarters
and the deputy head of the Eastern Division of the I.S. We intend to recruit them.
Charlie independent consultant for the DuPont Company. Close to govt and journalistic
circles. Covers the State Dep. and other govt organizations + DuPont.
Gregor recruited at the beginning of 34 through Leo. Gave materials of an econ. nature.
Connections in the econ. milieu. For the future: 1) covering Standard Oils operations in
the global market (especially vis--vis the USSR).
2) The Chicago Grain Exchange anti-Soviet pact
3) Questions of obtaining credit for the USSR.
4) U.S. trade policies vis--vis the USSR.
Albert new agent. Recruited through Leo. Employed by the Fed. Police in NY. Utilization
on KR line.
James
Charlie
Gregor
Albert
p.22 2. We intend to recruit the 1
st
secretary of the Amer. embassy in London through Leo.
Apparatus.
Davis Leadership of the station.
King Assistant to the station chief. Connection with Willy and Daniel.
Jung - - // - connection with James and Charlie
Leo connection with Gregory
31
and Albert.
Connection.
1. Dorian between Davis and Nikolay.
2. Professor technology.
3. Redhead connection between Davis and his assistant.
Courier connection NY Paris.
Anya Set up in the 3
rd
quarter. In undeveloped film.
32
Use Nikolays code when sending telegrams.

Illegals
p.24 We are sending the new employee Namesake (Khotimsky). The rendezvous terms, as with
everyone arriving in NY:
Taft Hotel 7
th
Avenue, 50
th
street. The name of the person coming is given to Davis ahead
of time.
Password: Davis: Greetings from Fanny (Greetings from Fanny).
Reply: Thanks you, how is she? How is she?
p.29 To NY 31.08.34
De-activate work on all lines, destroy all telegrams and letters. Under what conditions did the
catastrophe occur, what is the state of Daviss health.
p.30 9.09.34
Daviss mistress knows about his activities. We were informed of this
Black Notebook 36

by Jung, whom D. told himself. Ds partner knows the nature of Ds work and knows him by
name. Knows King and Jung by sight, but doesnt know their names.
p.31 10.09.34
Daviss money in a bank. Can be withdrawn only with the help of a lawyer.
Redhead reports that Davis put notes written in Russian into his safe along with the money.
p.33 Nikolay: NY Center, 22.09.34
There were two meetings with Jung after Daviss death. Jung talked about Kings operational
illiteracy when establishing a connection with James: he assigned him $400 a month right
away, gave his real name, and signed up as a client at the commercial company where James
works. King is entirely at Jamess mercy. He advises not to accept people from Ludwig
before the real leaders arrival, and to have Jung personally take James and Gregor from
King.
James,
King
Ludwig
p.38 Letter from Jung to Center 2.10.34.
Regarding Daviss mistress. King meets with her and carefully cajoles her, trying to
persuade her to do what is best both for herself and us.
33
She promised to think it over and
give us an answer soon. We are not sure if she will go. She has never left this city and has
relatives here. King thinks that she is incapable of doing wrong. We will keep her under
surveillance and offer her temporary assistance if she is in need.
p.38 Daviss mistress knows both the company and him very well. If we notice something amiss
in her attitude, we will have to give up the company and make it look as if King went home.
If our subsidy is discontinued, the company will not be able to exist. We are ruling out any
wrongdoing by his partner. He is a chemist, who dreams of coming to our country. For now,
King is connected to the bureau. In the future, we will make King a partner.
King
p.39 Report by chief of sector 1 INO GUGB Grafpen to dep. ch-f of INO GUGB Cde. Berman,
dated 27.11.34:
We are inclined to doubt the existence of the agents Daniel and Albert. Daniel was
supposedly recruited by Leo, with Willys help. Leo handles the connection. The station
chief and his assistants
Daniel,
Albert
p.40 have not met with the agent.
We checked DOSs directory. The division he works in wouldnt bring him into contact with
the documents that are sent to us.
Alberts recruitment Leo. However, Willy (chief of the DOSs communication and archives
division
34
) has all the information that we receive from D. and A. (all telegraph
correspondence, ciphers, store of documents).
Willy
p.41 ...we suppose that D. and A. do not exist, and that they were invented by Leo with the aim of
increasing his compensation. Leo receives 350 dollars a month, Daniel 500, and
Black Notebook 37

Albert 400 dollars a month.
The new station chief needs to get to the bottom of this.
p.42 Willy gets 5,600 dollars a year at his Department. From us, he gets 6,000 dollars a year.
We are suggesting setting his salary at 12,000-15,000 dollars a year in order to get the most
he can give.
Bermans note:
1) I think your understanding of Daniel and Albert is correct.
2) The matter will be cleared up for us only when a new and capable station chief arrives
there.
Willy
p.43 All of Jungs collaborators are moving to new addresses. The safe-house will be relocated
soon.
We were able to take James and Gregor from Ludwig, King is connected to them. It was
discovered that they had never expressed an unwillingness to be directly connected to us. This
is confirmed by an appraisal of Ludwigs behavior with regard to handing over his
connections. Ludwig will be mildly pressured in order to get the rest of his connections.
Ludwig
p.51 King is being transferred to another country. King
p.53 Jung to Center 26.10.34
During Leos meeting with Willy (about two weeks ago) in Center,
35
Willy reported that B.
(Bullitt my note
36
) had reported from your city to Center that the contents of his reports are
known in your city. Willy was terribly dismayed and worried. He had a nervous breakdown
for a couple of days. The Assistant Secretary of this company personally questioned the
directors and Willy as to whether these reports were being leaked here, in Center. The
Assistant Secretary instructed Willy to run a check of his employees and to undertake an
investigation of the division he oversees. Willy says (thinks) that a corresponding
investigation of this affair is also being undertaken through companies of our sort.
p.54 Please use utmost caution when delivering Bs reports to neighboring offices. Bs cunning,
aptitude, gregariousness and connections among prominent individuals in your city give him
the opportunity to feel out a number of people. It is enough to drop an indirect hint during a
conversation. Note when B. wrote about his informant in the office opposite yours. - NKID
Black Notebook 38

p.64 Work plan for Nords station (Dec. 1934)
1. Purpose of the station:
To use documents and agents to cover:
a) The American DOS (with documents, pertaining to major countries, coming in from and
going out to the DOSs periphery);
b) to cover the Departments of War, the Navy, and Aviation, with regard to tech. armament and
the indicated departments war political directives.
c) to cover the production secrets of the DuPont chemical concern.
p.65 There are 7 agents as of 1.01.35
Leo Agent-group-handler and talent-spotter.
Willy, Daniel, Albert, James, Charlie, Gregor.
Prior to Sept. 34, they were included in Daviss organization, which he had been forced to
develop around a single person Leo.
p.66 Apparatus: Jung, Williams (employees of Center), Redhead, Boruch, Anya not workers.
37
p.67 Problems:
We have a situation where failure in any one point of the organization will inevitably lead to
the failure of the organization as a whole. And others.
p.68 Apparatus:
Nord station chief (oversees the group handlers Jung, Oboe
38
, and Bob).
Dorian connection.
Bob, Redhead vetting, leads, means of approach.
Jeanette connection to Nikolay (by phone)
Anya, Granite, Tom connection.
Mary receiving station in Paris.
p.69 The main point to stress when guiding Leo: our work with him is joint party work. Leo
p.70 Verify whether Daniel exists.
James: After revealing to James what we know about him, present him with a choice: Either
his leads (in the USA and Europe), or severance, where we gradually refuse his polit.
information.
In the event of a break with James, approach him with a recruitment offer from a different
country.
Verify the authenticity of Daniels place of employment.
pp.71-72 Connection: through the legal station, Paris, and the apparatus of the 1
st
division (radio).
Black Notebook 39

p.5
File 17571 v. 1
Letter from Heinrich to Nikolay, dated 14.08.34
Smith was instructed to hand Andrey over to you. Use him to recruit sailors on
steamships running between America and ports in Scandinavia, France, and Holland.
Andrey
p.22 To Nikolay, 15.01.35 Order for passports (books)
The client has the following attributes:
height 5 feet, 3 in. 160 cm.
eyes blue
hair blond
date of birth 1898 (could be 1896-1900).
He should be of Jewish origin, a native of Poland, Galicia, or the Baltic States, with a
German-Jewish last name. If you are unable to find a Jew who fits this description, look
for a baptized Jew (Catholic) or, if all else fails, a Catholic. The book should contain
French, German, Austrian, and Swiss entry visas. Two photographs of Bill are
enclosed.
p.22 In light of the difficulties and significant expenses associated with obtaining American
entry visas in Europe, we ask that you work out a way to obtain these visas in America
by sending visa applications and corresponding permits to consulates in Europe via the
Department of State. We envision the following: You find some company in America
with representatives in Europe, or a private individual with relatives, and arrange with
them
p.23 to petition (according to our requirements) before the Department of State to grant entry
(for the representatives or relatives) into America. The State Department forwards
its entry permit to a Consulate in Europe, where it awaits the appearance of the
corresponding individual. Taking into account the high rates of unemployment and
poverty in America, we think that it will not be difficult to find individuals, who would
agree to such a scheme for a relatively small fee -- from 50 to 100 dollars; this in turn
would significantly lower our expenses.
p.23 Boatman Glushinsky Boatman
p.30 Failure on Slaves line (Slaves file is available) Slave
Black Notebook 40

p.2 File 17571 v. 2
Nikolay Center 12.05.34
I met Sound (in reality in Moscow in 33). Sound is head of a tourism bureau
(World Tourists p.10), and comes by the consulate to get visas for tourists.
Sound
p.3 Smith handled connections on the maritime channel across the Atlantic Ocean.
Because Smiths work is currently inactive, it cannot be expanded under present
circumstances, and it is more important for us to establish a contact line in the East than in
the West, I am requesting approval to have Smith temporarily (at least) handed over to me
to be sent to San Francisco to carry out the plan to establish a connection on the Pacific
Ocean.
Smith
p.10 Nikolay To Jack (Sept. 34)
Typical of our work this instability and changing of directives has affected your line as
well.
So as not to say anything unsubstantiated, I refer to my letter from May, in which I asked
to have the connection with Sound handed over to me. In reply, I received a telegram
categorically forbidding a connection with him. Four months go by, and the situation here
has not changed for the better. Roosevelt is still in power, our relations with America have
worsened significantly, and there is more reason to be on ones guard, b/c certain anti-
Soviet circles have intensified their attempts to undermine us. And now, I get permission
to take on Sound and even to forbid his connection with Smith. What does this mean?
What compelled you to give such contradictory directives, both in the first case and in the
second. The result is something of an absurd game of instructions and directives.
Sound
p.11 The connection with Sound could result in failure b/c of provocation in the American
Compartys ranks. Sound processes visas through the consulate for party workers
traveling for IKKI (plenums, conventions). Sound handles someone who works on
passports. It is essential to take him from him. I came to an agreement with Sound.
Sound
p.21 Nikolay To Semen 25.12.34
Smuggling routes are used to transfer people from Canada (Windsor) to Detroit. Sound
went to Canada and approached Glushinsky through a worker. Glush. takes $25 on the
Canadian side and 25 on the American. Delivery is available to any point in the USA, but
the terms are different.
Sound -
Boatman
pp.30-31 Slave had been forging documents. Arrests were made. Either on his line, or else he just
got scared.
Slave
Black Notebook 41

p.35 Letter Nikolay Semen 26.1.35
Corruption was uncovered at one of the Immigration Commissions control stations.
Congress has formed a special committee. They are questioning its members, including
Dickstein himself. Slave, however, told S-100 that they were unable to find anything, and that
he will go on with business.
Slave
p.39 Nikolay To Semen
Slave evidently went into hiding to avoid being arrested. His wife answers the phone and says
that he left on business and she doesnt know when he will get back.
39
p.45 Excerpt from a letter by Nord, dated 16.9.35
...I am completely convinced that it is no more desirable to live here with an expired visa,
than it would be in any other country. Especially now, with the mass deportations, raids, and
peoples legitimacy being brought into question over any trifling matter. The America of old
is a thing of the past.
Nord
p.79 Overall impression of Slave is as follows: At the moment he is completely useless to us, b/c
the gang of politicos with which he and his tech. apparatus had worked in the past has been
broken up, and every last one of them has been arrested. However, he does have some
experience with bribery and means of approach to officials, as well as political connections
that we might be able to use in the future. I should stress, however, that even if Slave were to
become useful to us, it would be difficult to ensure even some measure of honesty from him.
Slave
p.8
File 43173 v. 1
6.4.42 Polit. and dip. line of work. (Plan)
We are interested in plans by which the government intends to conduct foreign and domestic
policies, all the machinations associated with this, behind-the-scenes negotiations, intrigues,
everything that happens before a government resolution becomes common property. The task
is essentially to infiltrate the places where it is conceived and developed, where the arguments
and debates take place, where policies are made. In the USA, such places include: the White
House and Roosevelts staff, the State Department, various other departments, the civil
commissions of the OPM and others, as well as intelligence and counterintelligence agencies
the FBI, Donovans bureau, etc. These objectives form the point of departure for our work.
On the White Houses work: Those working are personally acquainted with Roosevelt
(Morgenthau, Hopkins, Ickes, Welles, etc.) through personal contacts, oral reports, and
personal envoys.
Black Notebook 42

They avoid using channels like the Departments of State, War, the Navy, etc., in order to
maintain secrecy.
Therefore it is understood that the aim of our day-to-day work is to infiltrate Roosevelts
own circle.
So far there are no agents, but there are means of approach. One of Roosevelts secretaries,
Page, is being used without his knowledge.
Lead: to recruit Harry Hopkins secretary through the source Diana.
Send Liza to work in any charity organization run by Eleanor Roosevelt, in order to get
close to her.
Page
Diana
Liza
p.8a The source Nigel is well received in government circles and can get into the White House
with ease.
State Dep. Very valuable agent 19. After a long interruption, an illegal worker re-
established a connection with him.
It must be noted, however, that the station has never been able to fully use this sources
potential. 19 tried to back out of work under various pretenses. He continues to be of the
same attitude, judging from his reaction to having the connection with him re-established.
Task: to infiltrate the Russian and European divisions, as well as the division of information
and archives.
40
Department of the Treasury. Pals (agent) group, which includes Jurist, Sachs,
Peak, and Polo. Used without their knowledge.
Very significant the work of the War Production Board.
Nigel
19
p.9 Agent Zero, with whom we recently established a connection, works as a secretary on the
Defense Committee.
41
We have yet to know all of her potential, but as someone who has been
confirmed as one of us, we think that through her we will be able to get leads on individuals
who are of interest to us.
Donovans Committee Radio Station established under the direct authority of the
President, is currently putting a lot of energy into creating a powerful centralized intelligence
apparatus and enlisting the services of various public and private U.S. agencies. Our task is
to take advantage of the organizational period by planting our people there and cultivating it
with their help. We have a means of approach, but no sources.
Zero
Radio
Station
Donovans
Committee
p.9a Taking account of everything that was said, we see the following problems in the work on
that line:
1. Our agents potential is not being used fully.
2. A number of sectors remain completely closed to us. It must be noted in particular that
because of the current war, we must make our chief effort to cover the work of the military
industry, which so far we have accomplished to a very insignificant degree.
Black Notebook 43

We must attempt to learn not only todays policies, but tomorrows as well this is our task.
p.10 11.3.42 in telegram No. 212, the station reported that the FBI has begun an investigation of
Pal. The question has arisen of how to keep the connection. Use particular caution during
meetings and use Clever Girl. On 25.6.42, they reported that Pal had been fired from the
WPB (?).
Pal
Clever Girl
p.11 We traced Liberal. C., however, gave instructions not to re-establish the connection. Liberal
p.14 Plan for reinforcing the intelligence work of the 3
rd
Department, 1
st
directorate of the NKGB
USSR (evidently, 1943)
By August 15
th
of this year, to put into effect the plan that was developed to use cultural
organizations as channels for intelligence work in the USA, selecting and registering our
operatives and agents for work in the USA. (NY)
By August 15
th
of this year, in conjunction with the 2
nd
directorate of the NKGB USSR, to
develop and submit for approval measures for sending agents from among the leading Soviet
writers, actors, painters, composers, architects, etc, into the USA, Canada, and Mexico.
By August 20
th
of this year, to select and submit for approval of candidatures of 3 agents to
be sent to the New York branch of the Soyuzintorgkino.
By August 1
st
of this year, to select 10 operatives to be sent for study at Columbia University
in order to become fluent in English; also, to submit lists of students from MIIYa who are
going to Columbia University, in order to recruit suitable individuals for our work.
By September 1
st
of this year, to submit for approval a plan of action to plant our agents
onto the staff of the following international organizations located in the USA: The Assembly
of International Student Organizations,
42
the Temporary Commission on Ration Questions,
43

and others.
To set up an intermediate operational station in Alaska (Fairbanks) for the transfer of illegals
from Center into the USA and Canada. To register an operational officer as an employee
representing GUGVF. To transfer 2 reliable American agents to A. in order to set up a
receiving station for agents and wireless communication with Kamchatka or other points in
the Far East.
p.14a Set up an operational station in Los Angeles and send an operative to the post of secretary at
the Vice Consulate in LA.
Black Notebook 44

p.32 Political and diplomatic intelligence work in the USA.
Given the fact that, because of an insufficient number of suitable cadres of operatives to
conduct political and diplomatic intelligence work, the American station has significantly
reduced its work in that field, and that, since the start of the war (Sept. 1939), the need to
expand polit. and dip. work has become obvious, we took steps to activate intelligence work in
that field. Notwithstanding the fact that, from among the old agents of the American station,
there was a sufficient number of persons whom we used in the past for polit. and dip. work,
and that, because of the war, numerous agents from European stations have turned up in the
USA (forced departure from occupied territories), we nevertheless did not have the
opportunity to use a significant network of agents to organize the requisite work in that field.
p.33 Everything depended on the existence of cadres operatives who could oversee the activities
of the aforementioned agents, but unfortunately, over the last several years, the Amer. station
endured a sharp crisis with regard to operatives.
Of those who were available, individual workers were systematically sent back home, both in
1939 and 1940. Thus, with breaches in the most important areas of our intelligence work, we
were forced to de-activate a significant number of agents and, with whatever forces were
available, to conduct our work on the smallest possible scale.
This situation was also complicated by the fact that a significant portion of the remaining
American station workers were young and newly arrived probationers
44
who shouldnt have
been used at all for independent, serious work, and because of this, our most qualified agents
in the field of polit. and dip. work were left temporarily without guidance.
p.34 Through agents in the Treasury Department, we received:
a) a personal letter from Churchill to Roosevelt;
b) a report on secret negotiations between the Americans and Gen. Weygand;
c) a stenographic record of negotiations between Roosevelts personal envoy Currie and
Chen Hansheng.
p.35 Information obtained from the U.S. Defense Committee: British military orders in the USA,
orders from American naval agencies, and a program to expand the USAs military
production for 1941-42.
Journalists recruited and sent to Euro. countries: Eagle, Yun, Paul, Leopard.
Through Paul information on the German armys military operations in territories in
Norway, France, and other occupied countries + a description of Frances naval armaments.
Black Notebook 45

p.36 Through Paul descriptions of a large number of Amer. dip. workers in territories in G. and
occupied countries.
Leopard: military and polit. status of the Fascist armed forces + workers in Amer. dip.
agencies.
Re-established a connection with Grin, with whom we havent worked for the last Grin
p.37 two years. Information about Gestapo agents on U.S. territory, in particular, agents working
in Ukrainian and White Guard organizations. Materials on the work of Japanese intelligence
organizations in the USA.
p.37 Through the source Dir, materials from the personal secretary of the journalist Walter
Lippmann on the policies of the American government and the White House on the Far East,
the Russian question, and relations with England, France, etc.
p.38 The source Fir secretary of the journalist Tabouis. Materials on the work of Gestapo
agents in the USA (Rosenberg).
Handwritten note: Agent Morris (Department of Justice) has failed.
Fir
p.40
p.41
Infiltrate Roosevelts innermost circle.
With proper, intensive work, this task is entirely feasible; therefore, it should be carried out
at an accelerated pace. The difficulty of this work stems from our stations lack of suitable
cadres of qualified workers, capable of overseeing prominent and respectable agents from
Roosevelts circle or the circles of such individuals as Hopkins, Weiner, Bullitt, and others.
p.42 Therefore, qualified agents should be sent to the station for polit. and dip. work; agents with a
high level of education and a wide range of interests, politically inculcated, who can speak
English and are familiar with conditions in the USA. The success of our work in this
important field depends on this to a large extent.
p.44 For work on the State Dep. we use: 19, Nigel, President, and Liza
p.45 Begin work among senators, congressmen, and lobbyists.
pp.45-46 Given Eleanor Roosevelts influence on the president and his circle, infiltrate her circle.
p.46 Someone qualified should be selected for this extremely important work, someone who
understands the finer points of Washington high society and is familiar with the psychological
idiosyncrasies of people in the presidents wifes circle.
Black Notebook 46

p.48 On the organization of informational work in the bureau (Jan. 44)
A brief list of the main questions that ought to be addressed in informational materials:
1) Government: the structure of government, its characteristics, polit. and econ. programs of the
government, descriptions of individual members of govt, relationships within the govt,
disagreements between individual members of govt, external influence, the polit. face of the govt
as a whole and of the leading military, administrative, financial, and economic branches taken
individually. Secret govt resolutions. Congress, its party make-up, descriptions of representatives
and their ties with members of govt, departmental, financial, industrial, agricultural, and trade
circles.
2) Parties and groupings
3) The press
4) Culture and science
5) Nationalities and tribes, colonies and dominions;
6) Emigration and immigration
7) Religion
8) The position of domestic policies
p.50 9) The countrys foreign policy
10) Relations between the country in question and the Soviet Union
11) Relations with Allied countries (England, USA, France, China, et. al.)
12) Relations with Axis countries and their vassals (Germany, Japan, Finland, Hungary, Romania,
et al.
13) Relations with neutral countries
14) - // - with occupied- // -
15) Disagreement between America and England
16) Post-war plans
17) Machinations of peace (All materials concerning aspirations or attempts by the country in
question to withdraw from the war or sign a peace accord with any of its enemies; the same
concerning activities by opposition polit. groups).
18) Plans of military strategy
19) Policies and measures with regard to occupied territories;
20) Economic questions;
21) Intelligence and counterintelligence
22) Disinformation
p.54 To the Peoples Commissar of State Security of the USSR, the Commissar of State Security, 1
st

Rank Cde. Merkulov
Report
In connection with the existence of a major Soviet colony in Washington (in excess of 1,000
people), the facts of betrayal of the Motherland (Gnats case), the need to detect connections and
check the conduct of individuals cultivated by us from among the Soviet citizens (Razinovsky);
also taking into account the information we have about the ambitions of American
counterintelligence agencies and the leaders of foreign anti-Soviet formations to establish contact
with Soviet citizens in order to
Black Notebook 47

then cultivate them, I ask that you give instructions for four qualified operatives from external
surveillance to be assigned to Washington and registered for suitable posts for their cover.
Ch-f of the 1
st
directorate of the NKGB USSR
Commissar of State Security, 3
rd
Rank Fitin
14 July 1944
p.55 Task plan for Vadim
Approved Peoples Commissar of State Security of the USSR
Commissar of State Security, 1
st
Rank
V. Merkulov 10.08.44
1. On the political and economic intelligence line.
1. The main task of the Washington station is to receive up-to-date political and economic
information and to acquire valuable new American-born agents.
2. First of all, the station should ensure that it will receive information that will be of interest
to us regarding the activities of the following agencies and organizations:
a) The State Department
b) The Senate and Congress, in particular the Committee on Foreign Affairs.
c) The Departments of the Interior, the Treasury, and Justice.
d) The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration UNRRA.
e) The National Committees of the Republican and Democratic Parties.
f) The War Production Board
g) The Foreign Economic Administration
h) The Office of Strategic Services
p.56 i) The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the emigration intelligence service (Dept. of
Justice)
j) Trade unions
i) Foreign embassies and missions.
p.56 a) Work out a proposal for organizing a system of contact with and management of agent
19 that would ensure the activization of his work while taking into account his express wish
not to meet with Soviet people directly.
b) Find out, as soon as possible, the specific potential of each agent in Informers new
group (Plumb, Ted, Kant, Raid, Izra) and develop measures to ensure the active
and secure work of this illegal group. Take special care to work out the question of contact
with this group.
c) Familiarize yourself on the spot with the work of the agents Hare, Koch, Yasha, and
Gor, and take steps to activate their work and ensure complete secrecy in the connection
with them.
d) Entrust Vadim personally with management of Homer and Informers work. Study
the degree of reliability and longevity of Informers cover.
19
Black Notebook 48

p.57 II. On technical intelligence.
Direction of work
The main direction of work on the XY line should be to receive materials and data on
scientific technical problems, work, investigation and research being conducted in every field
of science and technology; this includes economic and industrial questions.
In Wash-n station one operative officer working on XY.
Primary objectives:
1. The National Academy of Sciences, in particular the National Research Council, created
within the Academy and chaired by Prof. Compton. The Council coordinates and oversees all
work on Enormous in the country.
p.58 2. The Washington branch of the Tennessee Valley Authority (Tennessy Valley Authority.
Given that the factory for Enormous is being built in this valley, T.V.A. is of unquestionable
interest.
3. The national oil administration (Petroleum Reserve Corporation and the company
Shell Union Oil Corporation), in order to receive information about oil that is of interest
to us.
4. The National Bureau of Standards at the Department of Commerce. Extremely interesting
research work on a variety of questions is conducted here.
5. The DuPont company Admin. of the company and research laboratories.
6. Engineering Research Corp aviation company (Riverdale, Maryland) (source:
Pole).
The operative working on XY is to handle the sources Solid, Pole, and Ray.
p.58 In order to extend his external contacts, Vadim is to join one of the respectable clubs
frequented by government officials and diplomats.
p.59 Chief of 3
rd
Department, 1
st
Directorate of the NKGB USSR
Lieutenant Colonel of State Security Graur
Chief of 2
nd
Department, 3
rd
Department, 1
st
Directorate
Lieutenant Colonel of State Security Boyarsky
Chief of 1
st
Directorate of the NKGB USSR
Commissar of State Security, 3
rd
Rank Fitin
p.73 Expense account for Vadim, for meetings with individuals of oper. interest, for Jan. 1945.
2/1 Lunch with Assistant Secretary of State C. Bohlen - $8
7/1 Dinner with the president of the airline company TWA, J. Frye - $10
10/1 Dinner with the chief of a division of the Depot, L. Gulick - $8
11/1 Cocktail with the wife of the Brazilian ambassador to the USA, M. Martins - $4
15/1 Dinner with the foreign correspondent for the newspaper Christian Science Monitor,
Harsch - $7
18/1 Lunch with an employee of Bank, Kahn - $7
20/1 Lunch with the 2
nd
secretary of the Chilean embassy in the USA, Sotto - $9
22/1 Dinner with the dip. correspondent for the Washington Post, Lindley - $8
Black Notebook 49

26/1 Lunch with L. Gulick
45
- $7
16/1 Dinner with Page - $15
$83 Total
p.76 Center receives valuable materials from Washington, which are frequently sent to the Echelon.
For the most part, however, these materials do not pertain to the USA (3.02.45)
p.77 Report from 3.02.45
In telegram No. 646 from 3.2.45, Vadim and May were assigned to investigate thoroughly
Ambassador Harrimans business activities: his available capital, the businesses and
industries where his money is invested, stock companies with which he is connected, the
business circles where he has ties and business interests, etc. It is proposed that they send the
results by telegraph.
p.81 Letter from Vadim to Boyarsky, dated 20.02.45
There is a lot of work to be done, but the whole problem is that there is no one to do it, b/c
the young people available to us are all still in school. This is also the case with the comrades
sent here through the SK.
46
For the time being, they are all completely helpless. Makar and
his better half have deeply disappointed me. Since they were here by themselves before my
arrival, they got it into their heads that they were diplomats and tried in the most serious
manner to convince me that it was impossible for diplomats to do anything else. Its up to
me to knock this foolishness out of them.
Makar Mikh. Mikh. Sumskoi f. 43173 v. 3 p. 36 Assigned to work with emigrants from
Eastern Eur. (p.42)
Makar
p.88 Cipher telegram from Vadim, dated 5.3.45
He wants to be included in the Sov. delegation to the conference in San Francisco. However,
he cant leave the station to any of his collaborators. He wants to leave it to Son (F.A.
Garanin, transferred from Cuba to Washington as an attach of the Soviet embassy). After
the conference, Vadim wants to come to Moscow to give a personal report.
Particular attention to Ales. He was at the Yalta Conference, then went to Mexico City
and hasnt returned yet. Our only key to him Ruble. Ruble is going on assignment
himself (Italy). it is difficult to oversee Ales through him.
Son
Ales
Ruble
p.88 We spoke with Ruble several times about Ales. As we have written already, Ruble
gives Ales an exceptionally good political reference as a member of the Comparty. Ruble
reports that Ales is strong and strong-willed, with a firm and decisive nature, completely
aware that he is a Communist in an illegal position, with all the ensuing consequences.
Unfortunately, it seems that, like all local Communists, he has his own ideas about secrecy.
As we already reported to you, Ales
Black Notebook 50

and Ruble used to work in Karls informational group, which was
affiliated with the neighbors. When the connection with Karl was lost,
Ruble backed out, while Ales entered into a connection with Pol. He told
Ruble about this himself a year and a half ago, when he asked the latter to
meet with Pol in order to continue work.
Ruble could talk to Ales about recommencing work. If the latter doesnt
want to work with Ruble, he could do it with us.
Karl
Hiss - Chambers
p.89 There is an unclear situation:
About 6 months ago, Ales told Ruble that he had met a Russian (he didnt
give his name), who immediately asked him to write a brief report about a
certain matter. Ales asked Rubles opinion as to what he should do.
Ruble evaded the question, saying that Ales could do as he saw fit.
p.89 Ales should be approached by a Soviet representative. Either an employee
of Center, or Sergey, or me, Vadim. The most convenient place - at the
conference in San Francisco.
After 2 or 3 meetings, depending on how Ales conducts himself, we can get
down to business, alluding either to the password, or to Ruble, or simply to
Aless progressive attitudes.
Ales
p.94 Ruble - an illegal fellowcountryman. The connection with him is handled
through his wife, Roma, with whom Makar (operative) meets.
Ruble
p.92 Illegal network.X - a.k.a. Informer - directly connected with: Hare,
Cautious, Tan, Raid, Gor, Zero, Myrna, and Arena.
Gor is connected with Muse; Raid with Izra.
Tan is connected with Ted.
Vadim handles the connection with X through Said. Said meets with X
once every 7-10 days. Vadim meets with X one or two times a month.
Sid - also an illegal fellowcountryman.
Makar is connected with Yasha.
In addition:
Danya - with Zh-42
Nevsky - with Fir
Vadim - with Homer, Danya and Nevsky, X, Myrna, and Ruble.
p.95 We undoubtedly need to find a good courier for Homer; however, this has
so far been exceptionally difficult for us. We are sizing up Fir to see if it
would be possible to use her eventually. If that doesnt work out and we dont
find another candidate, we will consider maintaining contact through Homers
wife - Bogdan.
Bogdan - It seems, however,
that there was an operative
with that cover name
(f. 43173 v. 2 p. 42)
p.64)
47
Black Notebook 51

p.100 Letter from Vadim concerning A.A. Gromyko 21.4.45
Despite my repeated warnings and his promises not to do so, Stepfather continues to dictate
cipher communications to the stenographers Timoshina and Sumskaya who are not allowed to
do secret work. This is done in his office where, in all likelihood, there is M, they are
deciphered and typed up in the common office, where oth. employees could see the transcribed
materials. As an example, we are sending a copy of one such telegram from April 20
th
of
this year, which we confiscated through Makars wife.
Incidentally, please take note of the information contained in this telegram, as it casts in a
certain light on the author, much more so than on the domestic policy situation in the country
and Truman.
Resolution: To Cde. Sokolov Prepare a letter addressed to Cde. Shevelev
indicating the cases where Gromyko had violated the conditions of secrecy.
Graur
Shevelev chief of the 5
th

directorate of the NKGB
USSR Lieutenant General
p.117 Report
Telegram No. 3189 dated 19 May 1945 to Vadim in Washington, Sergey in New York,
and May in San Francisco contained instructions to compile a report on the political
situation in the USA, focusing primarily on an appraisal of the attitudes of various American
military, government, and social circles vis--vis the Soviet Union. It is suggested that the
report be compiled as soon as possible and its content sent by telegraph. The report should be
compiled on the basis of remarks by probationers and Vadim and Sergeys contacts, as
well as their personal observations.
p.124 9.06.45
Preparations are being made for a conference of the leaders of 3 states. Determine the policies
to which the governments of the USA, Great Britain, and, if possible, Turkey, plan to adhere
with regard to the post-war status of the straits (Dardanelles and Bosporus). What navigation
regulations do they propose to establish.
It would be preferable to determine the straits defenses at the present time and plans for
defensive measures in the zone of the straits in the future. Report information you obtain
regarding these questions at once by telegraph.
p.125 9.06.45
Vadim accepted a connection with Czech from NY. He wants to sell his business in NY
and move closer to W. (Baltimore, for example), where he will open a bookstore. In NY a
snack bar.
Czechs nephew Ilya. Works in army intelligence, recruited by our man, currently at the
conference in San Francisco. Czech handles Frost indiscreet but well-connected.
Recently, Frost summoned Czech to an urgent meeting in Chicago
Czech
Ilya
Frost
Liza and
Louis
Black Notebook 52

to give him highly important and confidential information that he received from Archbishop
Spellman. It turned out to be a summary of an article from the New York Times.
p.126 Frost, Liza, and Louis used to work at a record factory, which was liquidated.
Czech does not yet know how to use Liza and Louis.
Lizas brother President. For some reason, Sergey gave him a job at TASS. According
to Liza, former Vice President Wallace asked her how it happened that her brother had
turned into a red.
(Note: why was this done without Centers approval?)
Liza, Louis,
President
p.127 Cipher telegram to Vadim and Sergey
Measures and plans to shift U.S. industries to a peacetime track are of interest: What cuts will
be made in military production, what will be done with the workforce, plans for
demobilization, how the unemployment problem will be solved, how this will affect U.S.
domestic and foreign policies.
p.128 June 45
Homer gives documents from the correspondence between British Ambassador to the
USA Halifax and London. Information about the USAs domestic and foreign policies and
about Truman and his circle. It is interesting. It is insufficient for giving us an
understanding of these questions, however, for the following reasons:
1. We cannot be sure that Halifax evaluates events objectively. This is because, for reasons
beyond his control, he views these questions with the eyes of an Englishman and, moreover, a
reactionary.
2. Halifaxs conclusions about these questions have the same tendency.
3. Judging from the nature of the questions covered by British ambassador to the USA
Halifax, he and his staff use a wide variety of sources, but their analysis, in his view , takes
the pronounced form of a representative of the bourgeois world.
Assign Mole, Pink, Ruble, Sid, Zora, and others to work on this.
Homer
p.129 Center to Vadim 14.06.45
1. Keep Czechs business in NY for ourselves. Let him pick a buyer himself.
2. De-activate Frost and lead him away from Czech.
3. Leave Liza and Louis in Czechs hands. As Frosts partner, Louis invested 130 thousand
dollars in the business. Thanks to Frost, however, the business went bankrupt. We promised
to give Louis a chance to conduct a commercial operation with Amtorg so that he can recoop
his losses.
Sergey was asked to fire President from TASS.
Czech, Frost
Louis, Liza
Louis
Black Notebook 53

p.133 Report
In telegram No. 805 dated 22.6.45, Vadim reported: In telegram No. 2534, you
established a procedure for paying our probationers for their decorations; in accordance with
this directive, $2 and 83 cents is due to be paid for any decoration. However, instructions No.
vf-1217 dated 27 August and No. vf-3253 dated 12 Dec. 1944 from the Monetary Division of
the NKID establish a completely different procedure for paying Americans for Soviet
decorations. For the Red Star - $12 and 39 cents are paid; Badge of Honor - $8 and 26
cents; Red Banner - $16 and 52 cents. Ask to define more precisely.
p.144 Report
Cipher telegram dated 10.09.45 Vadim, Sergey, Bob, and Igor were told that their countries
counterintelligence organizations had developed measures directed against our work.
It is essential to carefully prepare for every meeting with agents; operatives should meet with
agents no more than 2-3 times a week. Arrange work with agents in such a way that the work
of the oper. staff is indistinguishable from the work of other members of the Soviet colony.
Select authoritative and confidential group handlers from among the local citizens and operate
the agents through them. High level workers should meet with group handlers as rarely as
possible and only for briefing and to go over assignments.
Take note of the cultivation of political maturity in operatives, a sense of responsibility for
assigned work...
Take note of workers personal lives. Take preventative measures to eliminate any
difficulties (dissatisfaction with work, family squabbles, etc). If the need arises, turn to
Center for help.
p.149 Cipher telegram from Vadim dated 20.09.45
In the process of working with Vendor, the latter reported that for a number of years, he
had been Sounds group leader and had handled a group of people for us on his behalf. In
particular, Vendor indicated that his next meeting with Sound was to have taken place on
the day of the latters death.
Vendors contacts:
1. Leon Josephson, 47 year-old lawyer, NY, owns a cafe, member of the CPUSA.
Assistant group leader, handled Sounds people. Went to Europe several times, supposedly
on our business. He failed in Copenhagen in 36 along with George Mink; he was convicted
and extradited to the USA.
2. Hyman Colodny, 50-52 years old, pharmacy in Washington, a fellowcountryman.
Sound used him for a rendezvous apartment. In 34-36, he was in Shanghai on our
business.
3. Rinis. A talent spotter.
Sound,
Vendor
Black Notebook 54

4. Louis Tuchman, 55 years old, CP member, small-time building contractor. Riniss
partner. A talent spotter. He was secretary for an illegal group of Communists working in
govt agencies in Washington.
5. Marcel Scherer, 43-44 years old, CP member, an organizer for a trade union of chemistry
workers. A talent spotter.
6. Paul Scherer (Marcels brother). 46-47 years old, CP member, a chemist, a New York
native, a trade union worker. In 30-32 he and Marcel were handled by Josephson. Their
handler on our line was a certain Harry. In 35-36, Paul was connected with G. Mink,
collecting tech. information and obtaining books.
48
Prior to Sounds death, both Scherer
brothers were handled by Josephson.
This information from Vendor was received by Ostap, with whom Vadim had never
discussed Sound.
p.150 Centers reply to Vadim dated 25.09.45
1. Harry used to be our worker but Josephson isnt in our files.
2. Tuchman and Colodny are unknown.
3. M. and P. Scherer were mentioned in the testimony of CP renegade Gitlow gave to the Dies
Committee in 38. Gitlow speculated that both Scherer brothers were our probationers.
Gitlow described Marcel to Dies as one of the oldest and most loyal Communists.
4. Mink was also mentioned in G.s testimony as a GPU agent. In 35, Mink was arrested
by the Danish police and sentenced to 18 months as a GPU agent. The Trotskyite press in
38 described Mink as an accomplice in the preparations for an attempt on Trotskys life.
5. Rinis has been known to the Big House as a Communist since 1919. He and his wife also
a CP member visited the USSR. No oth. information.
6. Given that Vendor covers workers in the Purchase Commission and oth. Soviet
agencies, we do not think it would be expedient to use him on other lines. You should not
concern yourself with Vs contacts that were listed in your telegram (including Rinis).
p.152 Cipher telegram from Vadim dated 1.10.45
When the war is over, a number of agencies will be liquidated. Displacement of agents.
Hadre was fired from the WPB. He got a job with the Surplus Property Board . He tried
unsuccessfully to get into the State Dep., the Dep. of Justice, and others.
Raid might get a job in the Dept. of the Treasury. For now, he will stay on the WPB.
The FEA is to be liquidated. Ted tried to get into the State Dep. and the Justice Dept.,
but he was turned down. The Dept. of Commerce is a possibility.
p.153 Pink was fired from the FEA. He also couldnt get a job in a govt agency. He decided for
now to become a Washington representative of a conservative Jewish American
49

conference. (see further ahead)
Black Notebook 55

p.155 To Comrade L.P. Beria
I am enclosing a telegram from the NKGB USSR station chief in Washington
regarding his meeting with U.S. Secretary of Commerce Wallace. (Molotovs
decision: Cde. Merkulov! This should be sent to Cde. Stalin without fail. Molotov.
2.10.45. (?)
50

pp.156-160 Vadim had been introduced to Wallace (the former Vice President) previously.
Wallace called him personally and invited him to breakfast at the Dept. of
Commerce, which took place on 24.10.45.
He was interested in what the reaction would be if the USA were to invite a group of
Soviet scientists to become familiar with science in the USA.
Truman wants Kapitsa very much he is working on the atomic project.
Wallace was interested in the Soviet reaction to the discussion taking place in the
USA regarding the safeguarding of the secret of atomic bomb production.
See M. Straights
account of
Wallaces trip to
England Sov.
diplomats visit.
p.158 Safeguarding the tech. information pertaining to that question in the USA leads, in
Wallaces opinion, not only to a worsening of already highly strained Soviet-Amer.
relations, but also gives the rest of the world the impression that the USA is the
most potentially aggressive state on earth.
Wallace said that he has been trying within the government to get control over the
use of atomic energy for military purposes handed over to the UN Security Council.
However, his attempts have so far been unsuccessful.
Wallace described Johnsons bill pertaining to this question, which was put before
Congress, as a reactionary attempt by the War Department that was incited by the
representatives of major industrial capital: DuPont, General Electric, Union
Carbide, and Carbon Corporation.
Vadim asked how one could explain Trumans diametrically opposite statements on
this question.
Wallace faltered somewhat, before saying that Truman was a minor politico who
had taken up his current post by chance. He frequently has good intentions but
yields too easily to the influence of those around him. Wallace explained that there
were two groups currently fighting for Trumans soul (his expression word for
word)
p.159 a smaller one, in which he included himself, and a more powerful and influential
one, of which he named only Hannegan (Postmaster General and Chairman of the
Democratic Party), Tom Clark (Attorney General), Byrnes (Sec. of State), and
Anderson (Sec. of Agriculture). The smaller group believes that there are only two
superpowers in the world: the USSR and the USA; the well-being and fate of all
mankind is dependent on good relations between them. The second group is very
anti-Soviet (Wallace singled out Byrnes in particular) and sets up an opposing idea
of the dominant Anglo-Saxon bloc (chiefly comprising the USA and England) which
is decidedly hostile to the Slavic world that is under Russias heel. With regard to
this, Wallace blurted out: You (i.e., the USSR) could help this smaller group
significantly, and we have no doubt of your desire to do so.
Black Notebook 56

Wallace declined to specify what he meant by this statement, and I felt it would be awkward
to press him.
p.160 Then Wallace, of his own initiative, touched upon Anglo-American econ. talks.
At the end of the conversation, Wallace mentioned that congressmen who had returned from
trips to the USSR and around Western Europe were spreading a lot of anti-Soviet lies here.
p.162 Cipher telegram to Vadim No. 7673 dated 21.10.45.
The situation in Bobs country has become strained (evidently, Gouzenkos betrayal).
Surveillance has been increased. Safeguard from failure: Homer, Ruble, Raid, Mole, Zhora,
and Izra. Reduce meetings with them to once or twice a month. Minor agents should be
deactivated. Carefully check out against surveillance when going to meetings, and if anything
seems suspicious, do not go through with them.
p.153 Vadim is exploring the possibility of getting Pink onto one of the Senate or Congressional
Committees, but so far he has come up against too much competition there. With the help of
his brother, an average crockery and household goods salesman, Pink could start a small
company in Washington as a cover. We would need to invest about ten thousand dollars for
setting up the company. (Graurs decision: Clearly we are not going to give $10,000.
Kepri was fired from the FEA. On Vadims instructions, she got a job in the State Dep. in
the division of cultural liaisons with S. America. Vadim is continuing his work educating her
and stirring her to activity and will also look for opportunities for her advancement to one of
the more interesting divisions.
Pink
p.165 Cipher telegram from Vadim No. 16869/1616 dated 29.10.45
1. In connection with Kirs stay in San Francisco, all the materials from mailing No. 9
were photographed by Bogdan, who also compiled all the inventories (except for the
inventories of materials from Ruble.
2. The inventories of materials from Ruble were compiled by Makar, who also helped
Bogdan photograph these materials.
3. All materials photographed in the station from mailing No. 10 and mailing No. 11 (except
for Karls materials, which were processed by Bogdan) were photographed by Kir...
6. We completely agree with you that the careless organization of inventories and poor quality
of photography of the probationer materials (in particular, of mailing No. 9) can be explained
by the irresponsible attitudes of Bogdan and Makar, especially Bogdan. Given that this
is not the first time Bogdan has damaged valuable materials. Given that this is not the first
time Bogdan has damaged valuable materials,
51
we think it necessary to impose a
disciplinary penalty on him.
Graurs decision: Bogdan should be reprimanded.
Black Notebook 57

p.9
File 43173 v. 2
Center To Grigory, 5.03.46 and to Sergey (NY)
During the war between your bureau and Center, there was a major correspondence (in the
quantitative sense) cipher correspondence by telegraph. There is no doubt that intelligence
organizations systematically recorded quantitative data on outgoing and incoming cipher
telegrams of Soviet representatives in your country. With this information, intelligence
organizations can easily determine which agencies are writing cipher telegrams and how many
they are writing.
A marked decrease in cipher correspondence (in light of the events in the USA and Canada)
cannot go unnoticed by intelligence organizations. With this in mind, for the purposes of
disorienting them, it is essential to organize our work in such a way that the compulsory
interruption in our work with agents will not have too great an effect on the amount of
correspondence between your bureau and Center.
In order for this to happen, you need to do the following:
1. Instruct trained operatives of the bureau to keep track of the sociopolitical life of the
country by the periodicals and newspapers and to draw up reports for Center based on more
topical issues.
2. Instruct operatives from the bureau to expand, as much as possible, their deliberately
neutral connections in political circles
p.10 that are of interest to us.
3. Each week, draw up reviews or reports based on information from the press and from
personal contacts, which are to be sent to Center by telegraph.
4. Instruct operatives from the bureau to study, under your guidance, individual questions
regarding the political and organizational state of the countrys individual parties, groups,
agencies, and sociopolitical organizations.
Send the most important and interesting materials by telegraph.
p.11 Cipher telegram Grigory Center dated 11.03.46
He familiarized himself with the situation. As his cover, Grigory took the post of first
assistant to Novikov (Chief). The latter is difficult to get along with. Grigory thinks that
although Novikov knows where he came from, he does not suspect that he was put entirely in
charge of the station.
Cde. Tishkovs decision To Chugunov: By March 20
th
, provide information about agents
who were not affected by the Myrna case, as well as brief identifying data and contact
terms for these agents.
Grigory
Myrna
pp.13-
19
Letter from Grigory to C. 25.03.46
He complains about Novikov, who is rude to his subordinates. People are afraid of him.
p.15 Perhaps if circumstances were different, a situation like this wouldnt trouble us especially.
However, the current situation in the USA is such that there is a possibility that the more
unstable members of the colony could, having fallen out of their bosss favor and become
frightened by his threats, make decisions that would not be desirable for us.
The Americans know this full well, and I think they are aware
p.16 of our bosss personality as well. Its not for nothing that they use
Black Notebook 58

each case of defection to influence the most unstable element. From this point of view, the
statements, not only of newspapers, but of political figures such as the Canadian prime
minister, who declared that Gouzenkos action resulted from the fact that, having lived two
years in Canada and, most important, seen the free Canadian elections, he became
disenchanted with the Soviet Union, where everything was worse than it was in Canada,
and decided not to return to his homeland, are typical . The fact that in cases such as
these, neither Americans nor Canadians will extradite traitors, making popular figures of
them instead, makes it easier for unstable people who have checkered pasts and are
frightened at present to decide not to return to their Homeland.
(Grigory on the Far Eastern Commission?)
p.15 If one also takes into account that relations between Gromyko and Novikov were strained
and that they simply hated each other, and that each of them had his own people among
the embassy workers, then relations between members of the colony as they currently stand
cannot be called normal. Each person lives his own life, works off his hours and goes
home. There are no friendly ties, no collective.
p.17 A fact that is very influential for our work is the shortage of workers at the embassy. 2-4
counselors in London and Tokyo; not a single one in W. Major overload (+ Far Eastern
Commission, the UN
p.18 (Novikov Soviet representative on the Far Eastern Commission; Grigory his dep.)
p.19 ...The events in Canada and those that subsequently took place in the USA created in the
country a situation of a drastic increase in counter-espionage activities in the country, not
only by special organizations and agencies, which by virtue of their duties ought to work
on counterintelligence, but also by various anti-espionage volunteer organizations that
have been founded. The press campaign is trying to suggest to the average American that
he lives in an environment where foreign govtseven friendly ones, even those that
Americans help out by giving a portion of their earnings in the form of taxesare engaged
in subversive anti-American work. This propaganda resonates with the average American,
for whom a threat to his personal wealth and well-being is the greatest misfortune.
He notes an increase in surveillance. Wiretapping in our employees apartments and hotel
rooms is noted down, as are miniature microphones in our senior workers cars.
p.21 Novikov was given the cover name Wolf.
p.20-21 Grigory notes Americans unwillingness to talk to him campaign of espionage hysteria.
p.22 There are many openings at the embassy, which ought to be filled by our employees.
There are openings for 2 councilors, two 1
st
secretaries, several 2
nd
and 3
rd
secretaries,
and attachs.
Black Notebook 59

p.24 Center To Grigory. Oper. letter No. 1 dated 13.04.46
After the war, tension in the internatl polit. situation is increasing.
The English imperialists are absolutely intent on using the United Nations Organization
in their own interests. In order to implement its policies, Great Britain, which emerged
from this war both economically and politically weakened, is actively seeking the support
of the American bourgeoisie. As a result, numerous supporters of tough policies vis--
vis the USSR have emerged in the U.S. govt. The need to carefully study the
domestic and foreign policies of the USA.
p.25 Unfortunately, under the present circumstances of counterintelligence measures that
have been taken against us and a harsh anti-Soviet campaign in the country, we are
unable, for now, to give you available agents and allow them to be used to carry out
necessary tasks. Reactivating ties with important agents at present could have ruinous
consequences for us.
Work on a legal basis with democratic organizations and public figures + work on the
line of covers.
Objectives:
1. polit. parties (Republican, Democratic, and Amer. Lab. Party of NY State)
p.27 2. Congress (it would be desirable to establish official contact with Senator Pepper (ant-
fascist, friend of the USSR), Congressman Marcantonio (from the NY State Amer.
Work. Party), Senators Mead, Lucas, and Guffey, and Congressmen Bloom and DeLacy
(followers of Roosevelts policies).
p.28 3. White House and State Department.
It would be desirable to become close friends with Secretary of Commerce Henry
Wallace and former Secretary of the Interior Ickes. Ickes regarding the activities of oil,
coal, and oth. concerns that influence policies through their proteges henchmen in the
State Dept.
+Roston and Lou.
report
p.33 Roston,
Lou
p.29 4. Natl Association of Amer. Industries
p.30 Rickshaw and Friend
5. Council on Foreign Relations
6. Institute of Pacific Relations
Conclusions:
a) Despite the temporary absence of prepared agents in your station, you need to make
every effort to regulate the bureaus info. work. This task can be accomplished through
the efficient use of your legal contacts.
b) It is essential to constantly expand and develop connections in circles that are of
interest to us, so that the moment that the
p.35 - Rickshaw
p.35 Friend
p.31 situation allows it, you will be ready to switch these contacts over to agent use.
c) When cultivating connections, concentrate primarily on native-born inhabitants of
this country instead of getting caught up with connections in emigrant circles.
Black Notebook 60

p.41a
p.66
In March of 46, there was construction done around the embassy: they were breaking
asphalt, then laying down asphalt, and then breaking it again. Grigory thinks that they were
laying a cable.
Cipher telegram Grigory To Center dated 29.7.46:
They are digging around the embassy again at a depth of 8-10 m.
p.67 Grigory thinks that the Americans are setting up a powerful wiretapping system.
p.69 Another cipher telegram on the same topic, dated 1.08.46
It contains a decision from Otroshchenko to Graur
Propose to Grigory that he personally go up to the ditch and, having looked in, make certain
as to what they are actually doing there, instead of restricting himself to assumptions.
p.76 Letter from Grigory to C. dated 8.08.46 (he is justifying himself)
Started work from scratch. Agents were not given over. Emphasis on legal acquaintances?
p.77
p.78
Anti-Soviet and anti-espionage agitation, which never before has reached such proportions
anywhere as it has now in this country, has limited our opportunities for expanding our
acquaintances.
"I ask only for one thing: send me people; without people the work will not improve, the
quant-ty of information will not increase, its quality will not increase, in fact, the only thing
that will increase is the number of reprimands about how 'this situation cannot be tolerated.'
p.82 Center To Grigory, dated 13.09.46
The majority of the operatives in your bureau were recalled home for very serious
operational reasons as well.
p.84 In the 6 month period during which you stayed in the country (from March until August
1946), you sent only 15 informational reports, of which 11 were summaries of the press or
brief outlines of newspaper articles, and only 4 contained information that had been received
from official contacts (Juan, Redhead,
52
and a number of others). However, even these
reports were far from satisfactory in content. Yet apart from you, Son, Said, Bogdan,
and Kamen were also working in the bureau that whole time! It is completely obvious that
you did poor work.
p.91 Grigory To Center 5.10.46
The tech. workers departure has brought me to the point where I play every part, from
typist to cipher clerk.
Black Notebook 61

pp.128-129 Center To Grigory 29.03.47
Campaign for abolishing illiteracy with regard to questions of U.S. foreign policy.
p.130 In conclusion, it should be said that your work abounds in grammatical mistakes and
inaccurate wording, as a consequence of insufficient familiarity with facts and a flawed
understanding of current events.
p.134 Grigory Center 11.3.47 (one year of work)
Two days before my departure to Japan, to a job for which I had been trained, I
unexpectedly received instructions to go to Carthage. A country and city which, as I have
already said, I did not know. The only training I had received in Center with regard to this
country were two brief conversations with Cde. Vetrov and Cde. Gennady. These
conversations touched on descriptions of the overall situation in the country, and I received
virtually no practical advice.
p.135 I couldnt speak English.
Now, one year later, I feel that my grasp of the language has increased significantly. I read
English-language newspapers practically without the aid of a dictionary, I translate serious
articles from English to Russian, and I can talk to an American about any topic. However, I
believe this is not enough, especially when it comes to speaking fluently on everyday topics.
p.136 Asked for new operatives to be sent over; it was promised. However, they still havent come
to this day, despite the fact that I am aware of the arrival of our workers in TYRE [NY]. This
begs the question: Could Center consider Tyre a more important center of work than
Carthage?
[Grigory sends information from newspapers about the trials against Communists.]
pp.157-158 In 1946, Grigory forwarded materials regarding U.S. intelligence agencies that
were based on publications in official State Department bulletins from 46.
p.158 He sent lists of employees in the State Depts intelligence branch, compiled from
the official telephone directory and other directories.
p.176 Grigory Center 1.07.47
Agent Oleg, a Sov. citizen, ran into Pink, who works at the American Jewish
Conference. Oleg meets with him every day and receives legal oral information.
+ Oleg meets with other former agents of ours. (Akra, Cerberus spouses).
f. 43173 v. 4 p. 369 (19 Aug. 48) Cerberuss wife got a job in the UNO
Secretariat. She is of interest; her husband is not.
Pink
Akra
Cerberus
spouses
Black Notebook 62

p.178 Center To Grigory 3.07.47
All the individuals listed in his cipher telegram are the neighbors agents. Pink is
actively being investigated by Amer. counterintelligence. The neighbors work with Pink
and his group was very careless. any contact between Soviets and Pink or anyone from
his group is very dangerous.
Grigory should not have tolerated Olegs anarch. activities.
p.179 Ask Oleg to sever all his connections. He could be under investigation himself.
p.180 Cipher telegram Grigory Center 9.07.47
Grigory knows nothing about Myrnas betrayal or its consequences.
Myrna
p.181 He did not know that Pink and others were affiliated with the neighbors. To this day, he is
uninformed about the oper. situation in the country.
pp.182-
183
Cipher telegram dated 18.07.47
Grigory spoke with Oleg and demanded to sever ties. Oleg said that he would lose any
chance of receiving information.
p.183 ...One time, Oleg found a photograph of himself that had been reproduced from the one in his
passport and lost by the person who shadowed him during his trip to NY.
p.184 Grigory Center dated 10.7.47
Oleg learned from Pink that the wealthy economist Michael Straight is in Wallaces inner
circle.
Michael
Straight
pp.209-
211
Pink goes to Oleg himself. Oleg hints at the undesirability of the meetings, while Pink
talks about his legal opportunities and the absence of surveillance on him.
They met on a tennis court.
Pink
p.213 Received information from Pink about the investigation of
p.220 Communists by the FBI and the impending trials.
p.219 Grigory Center 1.08.47
Pink used to come to see Oleg at the embassy. Oleg said that he would not meet with
him. Pink did not object. They agreed to send official materials of the American Jewish
Conference by mail.
p.277 Grigory C 18.10.47
A few days after G. had moved to a house he had leased, from a house across the street the
tenant who had lived there for many years (a Jewish emigrant) was evicted, and 3 young
women moved in. These women dont work anywhere and are frequently visited by certain
individuals, who keep watch over Grigorys house.
Black Notebook 63

p.299 Gr. C 11.11.47
Grig. reports that the anti-Soviet picture Ninotchka was recently shown in the city; it
contains a scene where a Sov. consul is beaten up by a visitor who had been denied a visa.
Grig. thinks it wouldnt be out of place to ask MID whether it is advisable to shoulder
Amer. authorities with responsibility for an open incitement to violence against Sov.
representatives.
p.330 C Wash. 19.12.47
The new ambassador will be the new station chief as well Vladimir. (Panyushkin).
Grig. is to be appointed deputy station chief.
p.21
f. 43173 v. 3
Letter from Maxim to C. dated 27.12.43
Vardo and Helmsman met on 19.12.43. The connection with H. through his
brothers wife, who knows not to discuss the proposed
Vardo
Helens oth.
cover name p.30
Helmsman
p.22 meeting either in her apartment or in Hs; only outside or by note. Meeting with H in
the apartment of the niece of his brothers wife. Vardo checked herself for surveillance
with the help of an operative and arrived there an hour before H.
H made assurances that he himself had verified at length and was confident that no
surveillance had followed him. H said that he was completely sure that Sound had died of
natural causes chronic heart disease. He was aware of the state of his health and gave all
instructions to Clever Girl: What should be given to H and what should go to us.
When Sounds condition worsened, Clever Girl was there with him. She gave H 11
thousand dollars, which Sound had kept in his safe at the bank. The special
fellowcountryman fund.

Sound
Clever Girl
p.23 Clever Girl cleaned out Sounds pockets before anyone else got there. She only left his
personal documents. There were several notes, which she took. Sound died in Clever Girls
apartment. She is in the know regarding all of Sounds affairs; he trusted her completely.
In Helmsmans opinion, Clever Girl ought to know that she is still working on the
fellowcountryman line and that the person with whom she is connected (Mer) is a local
fellowcountryman. In Hs opinion, this is essential even if C.G. assumes or suspects
that she in fact works for us.
H. said that he will instruct C.G. to work with Bill and Catherine (the cover names
by which C.G. knows Mer and Nelly) and to follow their instructions. Through her,
he will instruct Pal to continue working.

Mer
[op.?]

Pal
p.24 ...In any event, in Hs opinion, everyone from Sounds network should continue to think
that heHelmsmanis still their principal leader.
Vardo told Helmsman that our comrade (Mer)who is Clever Girls new leaderis
his neices husband,

Mer
Black Notebook 64


but he had already surmised this himself.
H recommends Echo as a replacement for Sound. A man from the fellowcountryman
apparatus.
Helmsman added that before he could give his final approval for Echos use, he would
need some time to see which fellowcountryman activities in particular he engaged in, and how
he could be relieved of them. On his part, Helmsman promised to do everything in his
power to free up Echo and give him to us.
[Echo is hereinafter called Jack.]
Echo
p.26 Jerome is connected with Charlie, whom Sound had once accepted from the former.
Ch. told Jerome that he wanted to leave the bar because he didnt like either the situation or
his work there. J. convinced him not to rush into anything.
For now, J. will be connected with Ch., and the former will give materials to Helmsman, who
will send them to us through Clever Girl.
We think it would be better to pass Charlie directly to Informer.
Charlie
Jerome
Informer
p.27 Helmsman promised to look for a nice young woman or family for Mer to be used as a
courier, a safehouse, etc. He will report on candidates through Clever Girl.
Helmsmans stipulation that these people continue to think of him as their leader does not
run contrary to our plans, b/c we had never intended to transfer Sounds people to us.
Helmsman agreed to a connection between Pal and Mer. Pal, Mer
p.28 Its too bad, of course, that all of Sounds affairs rest entirely with Clever Girl, who
knows too much. We will, however, bear this in mind in our work with her and make a good
worker out of her. Mer received special insructions from me with regard to this. From what
Sound told us, we were under the impression that Clever Girl was only a courier. We now
know that she became virtually his closest aide, and that Sound didnt keep any secrets from
her.
We need to start taking people off Clever Girls hands. Start with Koch and Hare, who
will be accepted by Informer in the coming weeks.
Roman works on German emigration; he receives Gitas (in the Council for a Democratic
Germany (p.50)) and Noahs materials through Diana.
Clever Girl
Koch,
Hare,
Informer
Roman
p.29 In Jan. 44, Roman was admitted to the local fellowcountryman organization. His party
cover name Fred Carroll. Only Helmsman himself will know about this, and if necessary,
he will inform the org. bureau secretary
p.30 that Fred Carroll is reputed to be a secret fellowcountryman.
p.30 Helmsman was not interested in any information about Fred and was content with our
declaration that Fred was worthy of admission to the organization. We will transfer
fellowcountryman dues several months in advance through Clever Girl.
Roman
(Fred)

Black Notebook 65


p.50 Maxim C dated 12.6.44
Roman works on covers and securing income sources for himself. Recommended to them
that they start a private medical practice. Shortage of group handlers Assign to him the
work with oth. probationers, who are under the jurisdiction of Mays office.
Roman
May
p.53 He gives information orally and refuses to write anything down. He works in Cabin on
Soviet economic questions. He makes use of official Soviet material. He does not receive
papers from the embassy in Smyrna. [Yashas mother, evidently, lives in the USSR.]
Yasha
p.60 C To Vadim dated 29.05.45
The situation in the country has changed significantly in connection with the end of the war
in Europe and the election of a new U.S. president. Reactionary and anti-Soviet groups and
elements have noticeably stepped up their activity. Radical changes are possible in the
Leagues foreign and domestic policies that could deeply affect the international situation.
The importance of exhaustive, systematic, and reliable information about the domestic
political situation in the Country
Acquire probationers in Temple, Bank, Congress, political parties, pressure groups, etc.
Take note of how the probationer network is formed so as to guarantee security. The most
prudent thing to form
p.61 small probationer groups of 2-3 people 1) the most guidance for each worker, 2)
maximum secrecy in work.
In addition, this will help us eliminate the deeply rooted system in which
fellowcountrymen/informants not only know about each others work, but even hold
production conferences of a kind regarding the collecting of information. Clearly this
situation is abnormal and intolerable, b/c sooner or later, it could have unfortunate
consequences for us.
Counterintelligence has stepped up its work significantly information received from you
and oth. offices. The incidents with Hare and Ales are yet another confirmation of this.
Hare,
Ales
p.62 At present, Ruble is one of the primary sources of information in your office. From the
R.s materials sent by telegram this year alone, 74 reports were released to the echelon. In the
future not only receiving materials from him pertaining to the countrys econ. and fin.
policies, but also infiltrating Nabobs financial intelligence agency. Sid a valuable
source. Long business trips irregular work on our line, his potential has not yet been
realized. He is dissatisfied with his position at
Ruble
Sid

Black Notebook 66


Farm and wants to leave it. This can be permitted only if his new job is of greater
interest to us.
p.63 Raid interesting material, but a poor group leader. Tan, Ted, and Mole are
dissatisfied with him. They should be taken off his hands.
Mole covers the countrys internal political life. He does not have an altogether accurate
understanding of his assignments. He used to write his reports for the fellowcountryman
leaders, whose aims and tasks differ from ours to some extent. Moles official post a
valuable probationer could be made of him.
Raid
Mole
p.64 Tan promising from the point of view of covering individual economic and political
questions.
Ted very interesting possibilities.
You had reported that in the past, Ted used to work with the neighbors. Based on
inquiries we made here, Ted is unknown to the neighbors. Get to the bottom of this.
Tan
Ted
p.65 Probationers in Cabin OSS
Cautious in the Japanese Section: U.S. policies in the Far East, in China and Korea,
leads on individuals.
Izra gives valuable materials. The main thing secrecy.
Muse Russian Section of Cabin. Erratic behavior in day-to-day life could get
noticed by counterintelligence.
C. proposes giving Izra and Muse to Cautious a reliable and experienced
probationer, who will impart secrecy skills to them.
Izra muzhik
53

Muse
Cautious
p.66 Zora a valuable up and coming probationer. She cooperated with us in NY with
honesty and loyalty. She is young and doesnt have enough life experience serious
mistakes. Cultivated connections without our approval, often going so far as to almost
recruit them.
Zora
p.68 Zoras mother and stepfather work with Sergey in NY.
p.68 Czech from a Jewish Lithuanian family. He joined the Comparty in 21 while he was
in Germany. He came here in Oct. 27 as a correspondent for the newspaper Saxon
Worker and married a citizen of ours.
Czech
p.69 In 29, he actively took part in German Trotskyite activities in Leipzig, for which was
expelled from the Comparty.
In 31 he was recruited for our work on the Polecats. He became Old Mans secretary
and later a member of the International Secretariat. In 32, on instructions from Old
Man and his son, he went to Moscow to establish contact with the underground and to
deliver literature.
The arrests of the Polecats affected Czechs position. Old Mans son made it clear
that he suspected him of ties with our organization.
p.70 Carried out work on the split among German Polecats. roughly 220 Polecats left
Old Man.

Black Notebook 67


When Hitler came to power in March of 33, Czech was posted home. In December. 36,
he was sent to France to recruit Old Mans secretary. The recruitment fell through. The
secretary told Old Man everything.
In 41, he left for Country. In March of 42, the NY office established a connection with
him. He was used as a group handler in the cultivation of polecats and rats.
At present, Czech could in part replace X as group handler.
Czechs brother is Roman, a probationer in the NY office. His wife is also our
probationer.
X
Roman
Myra
p.71 Despite the fact that we no longer use Myrna, we need to pay close attention to her.
Myrna knows a great deal about our work and our people, and we should therefore never let
her out of our sight. In light of Xs departure, we need to pick a different worker to be
connected with Myrna and meet with her regularly. It is essential to take an interest in her
lifestyle, her milieu, and her personal connections, as well as to dispel her defeatest attitude
if she has onein friendly conversations.
For oper. reasons and because of Myrnas personal situation, we proposed several months
ago that you discuss with her the possibility of legalizing our man in the Country as her
husband. Please send her photograph as well. Expedite these measures.
Zh-42 in the Dept. of Agriculture. Gave a report of the All-Agency Committee on Post-
War Plans at the
Myrna
Zh-42
p.72 U.S. Dept. of Agriculture from 15.10.43, regarding the hypothetical state and potential of
agriculture in the USA. In the echelons estimation, the report is valuable.
Since he joined Shelter, however, his materials have not been of interest. inadequate
leadership on Danyas part. Shelters counterintelligence activities are of interest to us.
The same goes for oth. probationers (for Constantine in particular). couriers Adam,
Jeannette, and Gor.
Danya
Constantine
p.82 C To Vadim
Work on the XY line
25.06.45
Operative on the XY line Photon.
The primary objective on the XY line cultivating scientific research centers that are working
on Enormous, Air (jet engines), and Rainbow (radar).
p.83 Objectives:
1. National Academy of Sciences
2. National Bureau of Standards at the Dept. of Commerce
3. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
4. The DuPont Company
5. The Hercules Powder Company

Black Notebook 68


p.83 Sources:
1. Reed (Solid) chief of the Chem. Division of the countrys Tariff Commission, Ph.D. in
chemistry. With us since 35. Materials were paid on delivery.
Solid
p.84 Karl (Ray) a chemical engineer at the Hercules Powder Company. With us since 34.
Recruited Electric Pole, from the DuPont Company, to work with us, which he did until
41. However, Electric Pole was exposed to Hut. The connection with Karl was
interrupted.
Resumed in Oct. 42.
Karl
Ray
Electric
Pole


p.22
File 43173 v. 4
Vladimir C 8.01.48
There arent many cadres. It is proposed to distribute them as follows:
Grigory Congress + business circles
Bob Dip. Corps, State Dept.

Ops.
54

p.23 Pavel polit. parties, Sov. colony
Semen used by Pavel for work on the Sov. colony
Vladimir station chief
p.24 Because we currently handle a totally negligible number of masters,
55
we ask that you look
over our network of old masters to determine whether it would be possible to renew ties with
some of them.
p.27 Inventory of materials mailed to C on 8.01.48
1. Report by Bob on the meeting with Homer 19.12.47 2 pp.
2. Homers agent materials from 19.12.47 13 pp.
Homer
p.38 Mailed on 24.01.48 materials from Homer Homer
p.49 - // - 5.02.48
p.65 Cipher telegram dated 4.03.48 Vladimir C
Press review of the activities of the Congressional subcommittee on the investigation of
unamerican activities. Hearing on the activities of Bureau of Standards director Edward
Condon. The subcommittee filed an appeal before the administration to fire Condon from his
job immediately.
It is indicated that Condon exchanged secret info. with the USSR.

Condon
pp.69-
70
Report by A. Gorsky on Condon
In Jan. 46, he met embassy employee Vavilov (our agent Oleg 1
st
Sec. of the embassy
(p.211)). He and his family were guests at Condons home.
During my stay in the USA (Sept. 1944 Dec. 1945), neither I nor the workers of the station
maintained any relations with him.
p.75 Ties with Condon were maintained on an official basis. Same with Zlotovsky (Polish
scientist who worked on the atom. bomb).
Condon
Zlotovsky

Black Notebook 69



p.154
An example of the trustworthiness of information
Cipher telegram dated 14.05.48
...Liza said that she had spoken to a woman who was very close to Eisenhowers wife.
The latter had assured this woman that E.wouldnt announce his candidacy for president
under any circumstances. He wantssaid E.s wifeto have his hands free so that he
can become Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Armed Forces in the third world war.
Liza
p.158 A certain H.H. Wegner came into the embassy on 18.05.48 and said that he worked as a
chemist in a secret laboratory in Alaska. He hates the policies of the countrys
reactionary circles. His mother is Russian; his father German. He said that the
laboratory was developing a small atomic bomb. He offered to sell tech. information for
$220 thousand.
Vladimir: There have been several such provocations already.

p.198 Cipher telegram 12.08.48 Vladimir C
In light of the transition to impersonal contact with principal agents, it is essential to
teach operatives how to work with dead drops (oaklings).
p.270 Letter dated 9.08.48 Vladimir C:
On his way to meet with Homer on 25.06, Bob came under surveillance. measures are
being taken for more careful checks before meetings with agents.
With regard to establishing a contact-free connection with Homer, it should be taken
into account that Homer opposed having an impersonal connection set up for the
transmission of materials.
Perhaps his wife should be used.
Homer
p.271 She knows full well about Hs work with us, as you know.
He is to be given the following assignments:
1. Negotiations between the USA and the UK regarding plans for joint operations
3. To recommend someone from his embassy for recruitment
4. To provide descriptions of all intelligence and counterintelligence workers in his
department.
pp.229- 238 Agent Zhora in the Cranberry department, which works on radio interception.
Materials on intercepted Sov. cipher communications.
Zhora
p.230 Zhora is asking to be granted asylum in the USSR.
273- 275 Salikh an agent handled by Pavel. Apparently, he is in some govt agency or other.
He is undisciplined: calls Pavel at home. Needs training .
Salikh
p.350 Letter dated 1.08.48
Agreed with Homer to have two meetings through a dead drop and a 3
rd
one face to
face. Interval between meetings 3 weeks.
Homer

Black Notebook 70


p.369 Letter to C. dated 19.8.48
Meetings with Pink take place once every 3 weeks. Wanted to switch to a courier,
but there isnt anyone.
Pink
p.370 Of his contacts, only Cerberuss wife (UN Secretariat) and Akr (private public
relations and scientific book publishing company) are of interest.
Cerberus, Akr
(former OSS
employee?
(p.431)
p.371 Cerberuss wife our agent.
p.373 Pink currently occupies a key position in work pertaining to Palestine. He has a
chance to receive info. on the State Dep. line.
He was summoned by Thomass committee to testify against Condon.
Pink
p.374 Please inform us as to whether Pink has received a monetary fee from us, how much
it was, and whether he should be offered money. Perhaps this would serve as a
stimulus for him to step up his work with us.

pp.421-
422
Panyushkin forwarded a cipher telegram to MID on 6.10.48 regarding the personnel at
the embassy:
He asked that special attention be paid to the political maturity and stability of workers
selected for the USA. It should be taken into account that American counterintelligence
is literally hunting for our people. The Americans arranged for constant surveillance of
Sov. workers, as well as the wiretapping of apartments occupied by our people.
Therefore, anything our people blurt out at home, even if they do it inadvertantly,
becomes known to the Americans. When selecting cadres, we ask that you not only
proceed from the facts in the formal biographical questionnaire, but also know the
candidates true political stance.
p.447 Saushkin (co-optee?) had met with Pink. Pink
p.454 16.11.48 Pink was instructed to select someone from the State Dept. or FBI for
recruitment. Pink promised to do so.
Pink
p.473 To 1
st
Department Chief Cde. K.M. Kukin. 22.12.48
Please assign the station in Washington to collect all possible material suitable for use
on the line of service No. 5, with the aim of compromising (in oth. countries presses
and through agents) the prominent polit. and public figures in the given country who
are most hostile toward us. Such figures, in our opinion, include Hoffman, Harriman,
Forrestal, and Clay. Other individuals can be added to this list at the discretion of the
station.
The aforementioned materials should be reliable and, in any case, plausible enough that
they could not be easily refuted. They should include identifying data, facts of anti-
popular and anti-government activities, information describing immoral personal acts,
everyday life, greed, corruption, cynical polit. convictions, etc.
K. Rodionov
Active measures

Black Notebook 71


p.477 Cipher telegram dated 25.12.48 Vladimir Center
From materials received from Jessica Smith, Kazakevich, Fosdick + the Amer. press and oth.
information, the station learned that there are new trials in store. J. Smith says that Myrna
handed over documents to counterintelligence.
Kazakevich: There are 65 cases being readied against Communists and spies. About 150
people will be indicted in these cases.
Continuing to work with old agents and leads in these conditions means giving American
counterintelligence the chance to investigate our connections and ourselves even more closely.
Furthermore, through old agents and leads, the station could come across new incidents like
the one with Prince, who, having come under surveillance by counterintelligence, was
questioned by them on Dec. 11; meanwhile, the station, unaware of his

Myrna
p.478 having been summoned for questioning and continuing, in accordance with Centers
instructions, its attempts to establish a connection with him, instructed Saushkin to call
Prince on Dec. 15, i.e., 4 days after he was questioned. Saushkin, evidently, ran up
against counterintelligence, thereby giving the Americans additional material against Prince,
and it is possible that this to some degree influenced his decision to kill himself.
By pursuing information from old agents, who, experience shows, have been exposed and
whose information (Pink, Ide) is of no value whatsoever, we could bring our country to
serious harm.
Bob without a cover (?) in NY is under surveillance by counterintelligence. In London, he
had been connected with a group of valuable agents counterintelligence could start
investigating his ties in London.
Prince
Pink
Bob
p.479 He should be recalled to Washington, where he will work on the polit. line and new
recruitments.
p.479 At the same time, it is essential to reinforce work on the illegal line and on Americans in
other countries, bearing in mind that all of our legal workers in the USA are being closely
shadowed.
p.480 Vladimirs proposals pertain only to old agents and leads. Work with newly acquired
agents should continue.
pp.482-
483
8.12.48 Pavel renewed agent ties with Ide. The latter said that he was glad that the
connection was renewed. Pavel suggested that he think of ways to step up his work.
Ide
p.497 Decision on Vladimirs proposals, dated 25.12.48: To Kukin: The situation is dire.
Clearly, we are not following events closely as they unfold, and have missed a good deal.
Discuss Vladimirs conclusions and proposals at once and prepare proposals and instructions.
Fedotov. 27.12.48.
A note addressed to the chairman of KI has been prepared.

Black Notebook 72

p.479
From the same cipher telegram:
...It would be highly desirable to oppose the Americans anti-Soviet and anti-espionage
campaigns with effective measures of some kind on our part.
In connection with this, the station asks that you consider the following proposal. In light of
the fact that Karl is German by birth and lived and studied for a time in Berlin, find a file
on Karl in the German archives revealing that he is a German agent, that he worked as a spy
for the Gestapo in the U.S. and, on a mission from them, had infiltrated the American
Comparty. If we print this in our newspapers and publish a few documents that can be
prepared at home, it would have a major effect. This report would be seized upon not only by
foreign Comparties, but also by the progressive press in all countries, and, as a result, the
position of the Committee on the investigation of Unamerican Activities, the Grand Jury, and
other agencies would be seriously undermined.
We could also claim that Karl was known to the Committee, the Grand Jury, and oth.
American agencies as a Gestapo agent, but that because the leaders of these institutions were
vehement opponents of the USSR, the Comparty, and the progressive movement in general,
they had represented the matter as if Karl and others had been spying for the USSR rather
than Germany.
Moreover, some of the current leaders of the Committee, the Grand Jury, and other agencies
are themselves Gestapo agents, regarding which Sov. agencies, having seized the German
archives, have pertinent documents, which they could publish if need be.
Karl-
Chambers
p.203
Response to this initiative:
Report addressed to the chairman of the KI and signed by P. Fedotov and K. Kukin (Dec.
1948)
file 43173 v.2c
The stations proposal to manufacture and publish documents in our newspapers about the
fact that the traitor Chambers is a German agent, conducted espionage work in the USA on
assignment from the Gestapo, and on German instructions, infiltrated the CPUSA cannot be
accepted. The publication of such documents would undoubtedly have a very negative effect
on our former agents who were betrayed by Chambers (A. Hiss, D. Hiss, Wadleigh, Pigman,
Reno) and oth., because, knowing that they had worked for us, but having turned into
German agents, these people could, for example, choose to cooperate with the authorities, give
them candid testimonies, etc.
Moreover, the transformation of these individuals from alleged Sov. intelligence agents into
established agents for a country that had been at war with the USA would certainly not help
them from a purely legal standpoint.
The stations proposal to manufacture and publish documents incriminating certain leaders of
the Committee on the Investigation of un-American Activities and Federal


Hiss

Black Notebook 73


Court Justices as Gestapo agents should be studied and considered with care.


p.18
file 43173 v.2c
Plan of measures regarding connections with agents (March 1949)
Station staff (polit. line)
1. Vladimir Alexander Semenovich Panyushkin, chief station chief, ambassador
2. Fedor Georgy Alexandrovich Sokolov, deputy station chief, counsellor
3. Bob Boris Mikhailovich Krotov, assistant station chief on the polit. line, 1
st
secretary
4. Pavel Yury Mikh. Bruslov, employee at the station, 2
nd
sec.
5. Krok Yury Vasilievich Novikov, employee at the station, attach
6. Larry Nik. Vikt. Statskevich, employee, probationer at the embassy
7. Sasha Georgy Petrovich Pokrovsky, employee, analyst/translator in the Sov. Division
of the Far Eastern Commission

Liszt
p.19 8. Nikolay Vyacheslav Nikol. Zakharov, cipher clerk at the station and the embassy
9. Starter Ivan Timofeevich Orlov, chauffeur at the station and the embassy
Agents:
On Bobs line:
1. Plucky Jan Patek, counsellor for the Czechoslovakian embassy in W. Recruited in
1948. Bob met with him once a month; Larryas a courieronce a week.

Liszt
p.20 2. Shumsky Hungarian envoy to the USA Andrew Shiyk. An agent since 34. However,
agent ties were not restored. Bob sees him in an official capacity at receptions.
3. Saushkin Sergey Roman Striganov, 1
st
sec. of the Sov. embassy. Recruited in 41.
Used for connection with Pink.
p.21 4. Snegirev Valentin Arkhip. Sorokin, 2
nd
sec., representative of the sovinformburo in
the USA, recruited since 47. Meets in a legal capacity with representatives of social
organizations, the press, and publishing companies. He handles:
a) Jack James Allen, CP USA member, no permanent place of employment, works at a
progressive press agency. Puts together reports on econ. questions, Amer. political figures,
and the CP USA.
p.22 He wrote the book World Monopoly and Peace. It was published in the USSR.
b) Louis Alfred Stern, Amer. citizen, supports himself through interest accrued on bank
capital, an agent since 42.
c) Liza Martha Dodd, daughter of the former ambassador to Germany. Author of the
book Through Embassy Eyes. An agent since 37. Louiss wife. Louis and Liza
were deactivated in 45 and agent ties were not restored. Snegirev got to know them
p.23 as guests of journalists who were mutual acquaintances, and maintains relations of a social
nature; visits them at their home (in a suburb of NY).
d) Minayev Israel Epstein, a journalist. An agent since 37, recruited in China. Came to
the USA in 45. Lives as a resident alien. Gained Soviet citizenship in 43, but his papers
were not issued for oper. reasons. Agent ties were not restored. Snegirev legal basis.

Black Notebook 74


p.25 Pavels:
1. Zhora William Weisband, Amer. citizen, employed by the decryption service of the
U.S. Dept. of Defense. Our agent since 34. From 45 to 48, he was inactive. In Feb. 48,
the connection was restored.
In a single year, we received from Zhora a large quantity of highly valuable doc. materials
on the efforts of Americans to decipher Soviet ciphers and on the interception and analysis of
the open radio correspondence of Sov. agencies. From materials received from Zhora, we
learned that as a result of this work, Amer. intelligence was able to obtain important
information about the disposition of Soviet armed forces, the production capacity of various
branches of industry, and the work being done in the USSR in the field of atomic energy.
Before Aug. 48 doc. materials at personal meetings.
p.26 Since Aug. 48 a new system. Pavel meets once every month-and-a-half or every two
months solely to provide instruction after careful verification. Transmittal of documents
through dead drops.
p.27 On the basis of materials received from Zhora, our state security agencies implemented a
set of defensive measures, which resulted in a significant decrease in the effectiveness of the
efforts of the Amer. decryption service. As a result, at pres. the volume of the American
decryption and analysis services work has decreased significantly.
Complication of agent situation deactivation. Check meetings
56
at a restaurant outside of
the city were set for 16.07, 19.08, 16.09, 16.10, and then once every three months 16.01.50,
16.04.50. There is an agreement upon the terms of contact, identification, the password, and
two-way signals for summons to an emergency meeting.
p.28 A particularly valuable agent. Maintain the connection in the future through the 4
th

Department of the KI (illegals?)
2. Ide Samuel Krafsur, citizen of the USA, CP USA member, employed at the
Washington branch of TASS.
p.29 On Kroks line:
Snegov Boris Konstant. Sokolov, 2
nd
Sec. of the Sov. Division of the Far Eastern
Commission. Since 43.
On Larrys line:
Employees of the Romanian embassy: Sotsul, Zhana.
Jose, a cipher clerk at the Yugoslav embassy. Only speaks Croatian difficult for
Larry.

Black Notebook 75


p.33 Report addressed to the Chairman of the KI in view of Vladimirs cipher telegram dated 25.12.48
The proposal in question is, in our opinion, tantamount to terminating all intelligence work in the
USA, b/c the station has not acquired new leads, not to mention valuable new agents in the
principal agencies of the USA.
p.36 Intelligence work in the USA was completely deactivated in November/December 1945 and did
not resume until Sept. 1947 Betrayals of Gouzenko, Karl, Myrna, and Buben, as well as
of Berg and Art, as we only learned in the latter half of 1948.
In 47, work should have been started again from scratch. The state of the agent network should
have been ascertained
p.37 It was essential to renew ties for a short term with Agnes, Marquis, Irma, Tan, and
oth., so as to deactivate them again afterward.
p.38 Analysis revealed that these traitors handed over 62 of our former agents to Amer. authorities,
which is to say, practically our entire network in the USA that was working on the polit. line.
p.39 Guidance was sent from C. to W. and NY:
When these agents were handed to the stations, we had in mind not so much to receive information
from them as to detect and study agents connections in order subsequently to recruit new sources
on our own in the principal agencies that are of interest to us in the USA.
p.40 This work was facilitated by the fact that these agents maintained an official affiliation with Sov.
agencies.
In 48, the Wash. station recruited 3 agents: Plucky Czechoslov. embassy, Jose Yugloslav
embassy, Jack jour-t. com-t.
57
In NY only Beam + 3 agents: Pluto, Edith, and
Roland were recruited in Paris.
p.41 Thus, in 1948, the stations in the USA essentially did not recruit a single valuable agent in the
U.S.s principal agencies that are of interest to us on the polit. line. Moreover, not one station
acquired a single promising lead with whom to subsequently work.
p.42 6 new workers were sent to Washington in 48.
In NY, the acting station chief, Stepan, was recalled on suspicion of preparing to betray his
Homeland. In view of the Consulate Gen. shutting down, 7 people were recalled.

Stepan
p.43 The NY station has neither a permanent leader nor a sufficient number of cadres on the polit. line.
Having analyzed Cde. Vladimirs line of reasoning, which he had put forward in his telegram,
we cannot agree with his wholesale denial of all our old agents and our leads. We think it is
necessary to continue working with them and to carefully weigh all the circumstances of each
agents past work and his current usefulness in solving our problems. Such work is especially
necessary given that the activities of stations in the USA on the political line in 1948 with regard to
acquiring new contacts, not to mention valuable new sources, has so far not had positive results.

Black Notebook 76


p.46 Report from A. Gorsky To S.R. Savchenko 23.12.49
The station did not carry out instructions to acquire agents, and since mid-1949 has virtually
ceased all work to seek out recruiters and new agents.
Avoided renewing ties with agents who hadnt been exposed.

p.47 In its practical work, the station followed the path of least resistance, either recruiting people
widely known for their affiliation with the U.S. Comparty (Jack, Guide, Lana, Ruhr,
Kahn, et al.), or trying to use as agents employees of delegations
58
from Peoples Democracies
who are sympathetic toward us but do not have access to information of interest.
Responsibility lies with the dep. station chief, Fedor. Because of being busy with his principal
work, Vladimir cannot be involved in every aspect of oper. activity.
p.48 It is essential to furnish the Washington station with the best cadres of KI workers.
p.49 Failures in the USA (1938-48)
Karls group:
1. Karl Whittaker Chambers, former editor in chief of Time magazine. Traitor.
2. Jerome Barna Bukov (Altman), our former cadre employee. Currently in the USSR.
3. Leonard Alger Hiss, former employee of the State Dept.
4. Junior Donald Hiss, former employee of the Dept. of the Interior
5. 104
th
Henry A.
59
Wadleigh former employee of the State Dept.
6. 118
th
F.V. Reno former employee of the Aberdeen Proving Ground
7. 105
th
Henry Collins, former employee of Dept. of Agriculture, at pres., director of the
American-Russian Institute in NY
8. 114
th
William W. Pigman, former employee of the Bureau of Standards
9. Storm Josef Peters (a.k.a. Isadore Boorstein), former member of the Central Committee of
the CP USA
10. Vig Lee Pressman, former legal adviser of the Congress of Industrial Organizations
11. 116
th
Harry Azizov, former employee of a steel-smelting company in Chicago
12. 101
st
Peter MacLean, journalist and photoreporter, not used since 37
p.50



[a.k.a.

Jurist]
60
13. 103
rd
David Carpenter, newspaper employee
14. 107
th
Felix Inslerman
61
, place of employment unknown
15. 113
th
Harry Rosenthal, employee of an insurance company in Philadelphia
16. 115
th
Lester Hutm, former employee of the Frankford Arsenal
17. Ernst Noel Field, former employee of the State Dept.
18. Rupert V.V. Sveshnikov, former employee of the War Dept.
19. Richard Harry White, former assistant to Sec. of the Treasury Morgenthau, died in 48
20. Aileron G. Silverman,
62
former chief of the Planning and Statistics Division of the AAF
21. Ruble Harold Glasser, former director of the Monetary Division of the Dept. of the
Treasury (Dept. of Justice?)
63
Redheads group
1. Redhead Hedwiga Gumperz,
64
Vaceks wife. Sent to the USA in 38 to carry out our
assignments. A traitor since 48.
2. Vacek Paul Massing, a scientist at the Institute for Social Research at Columbia
University. Traitor.

Black Notebook 77


3. Oscar Oscar Bernstein, a lawyer, used for setting up covers for our workers in the USA.
4. Prince Laurence Duggan (a.k.a. 19) former employee of the State Dept. Suicide. (a.k.a.
19)
65
,
5. Ruff Franz Neumann, former consultant for the Research and Analysis Branch of the OSS.
6. Vardo E.Y. Zarubina, our former cadre employee. Currently in the USSR.
p.51 Bubens group
1. Buben Louis Budenz, former member of the Central Committee of the CP USA, former editor
of the Daily Worker, at pres., he is a professor at Fordham Catholic University.
2. Bob Robert Menaker, traveling salesman for various trade firms
3. Liberal Frank Palmer. Place of employment unknown. Former member of the CP USA,
broke with the Comparty in 37. Buben was recruited with his help.
4. Chap Franklin Zalmond, no specific occupation. Ritas husband. Used as a courier.
5. Rita (a.k.a. Satyr). Sylvia Caldwell, tech. secretary for a Trotskyite group in NY
6. Harry Rabinovich, our former cadre employee. Currently in the USSR.
Sound and Myrnas group
1. Sound Jacob Golos (Raisin), our former illegal employee in the USA. Died in 43.
2. Myrna Elizabeth Bentley, former vice president of the United States Service and Shipping
Corporation. A traitor since 45.
3. Tan Harry Magdoff, former official at the Dept. of Commerce
4. Ted Edward Fitzgerald, former official at the Dept. of Commerce
p.52
[Eck]



[a.k.a.
Pal]
66
5. Mole Charles Kramer, former adviser to Senator Pepper.
6. Izra Donald Wheeler, former OSS official
7. Sid Allan Rosenberg, former Foreign Economic Administration official
8. Dan Stanley Graze, State Dept. intelligence employee
9. Arena Gerald Graze, Dans brother, former employee of the War Dept.
10. Boy Charles Flato, former employee of the Foreign Economic Administration
11. Raid Victor Perlo, former War Production Board official
12. Robert Gregory Silvermaster, former official of the Reconstruction Financial Corporation at
the Dept. of Commerce
13. Vim (a.k.a. Page) Lauchlin Currie, former aide to President Roosevelt
14. Peak Frank Coe, former chief of the Monetary Section of the Dept. of the Treasury
15. Acorn Bela Gold, former Dept. of Commerce official
16. Zhenya Sonia Gold, former secretary to the chief of the Monetary Research Division of the
Dept. of the Treasury
17. Tino Irving Kaplan, former employee of the Foreign Economic Administration
18. Sachs Solomon Adler, former employee of the U.S. Dept. of the Treasury
p.53 19. Pilot Ludwig Ullmann, former employee of the U.S. Dept. of War
20. Bak David Weintraub, former employee of the UNRRA
21. X Joseph Katz, our old agent/group handler, co-owner of a cover that we set up
[a.k.a. Informer]
67
a glovemaking factory. Currently in Italy, forming a company on our
instructions to cover the illegal courier line between Europe and the USA.
22. Adam Eva Getzov, employee of the Jewish Welfare Board
23. Hare Maurice Halperin, former OSS employee

Black Notebook 78


24. Koch Duncan Lee, former OSS employee
25. Muse Helen Tenney, former OSS employee
26. Flora Ruth Rivkin, f. UNRRA employee
27. Mon Bernard Redmont, f. employee of the Rockefeller Committee
28. Mirage Robert Miller, f. State Dept. official
29. Dir Mary Price, f. secretary to American journalist Lippmann
30. Gor Joseph Gregg, f. Rockefeller Committee official
31. Fedya William Remington, f. War Production Board official
32. Cautious Julius Joseph, f. OSS employee
33. Echo S. Schuster, staff member of the Central Committee of the CP USA
34. Irma Ray Elson, f. vice president of the United States Service and Shipping Corporation
p.54 35. Grin John Spivak, journalist, used on the Trotskyites until 41
35. Vadim A.V. Gorsky, f. station chief of the MGB USSR in Washington, currently in the USSR.
36. Lucy Pravdina, f. Amtorg employee, wife of the former station chief in NY, Sergey.
Currently in the USSR.
37. Sergey V. Pravdin, f. station chief of the MGB USSR in NY. Currently in the USSR.
38. Stock our cadre employee M. Shalyapin. Currently in the USSR.
39. Gennady G.B. Ovakimyan, f. station chief of the MGB USSR in NY. Currently in the USSR.
40. Albert A.I. Akhmerov, f. illegal station chief of the MGB in NY. Currently in the USSR.
41. Elsa Akhmerova, Alberts wife, American, a Soviet citizen. Currently in the USSR.
42. Mushroom
68
Willard Park,
69
f. employee of the Rockefeller Committee
43. Charlie Cedric Belfrage, f. employee of the English intelligence station in NY. At pres., he is a
journalist.
Berg and Arts group
1. Berg Alexander Koral, f. engineer of the municipality of NY
2. Art Helen Koral, Bergs wife. Housewife.
3. San Richard Koral, son. Student.
4. Long Norman Hait, engineer for the Sperry Gyroscope Company in New Jersey.
p.55 5. Smart Elliot Goldberg, engineer for an oil equipment manufacturing company in NY.
6. Huron Byron T. Darling, engineer for the Rubber Company
7. Teacher Melamed, teacher at a music school in NY
8. Cora Emma Phillips, housewife
9. Lok Sylvia Koral, former employee of the Code Section of the Office of War Information.
10. Siskin Eduardo Pequeo, businessman in Caracas (Venezuela)
11. Express Messenger Richard Setaro, journalist/writer, f. employee of the Columbia
Broadcasting System. Currently in Buenos Aires.
12. Artem A. Slavyagin, our cadre employee. Currently in the USSR.
13. Twain S.M. Semenov, station chief of KI tech. intelligence in Paris. At pres.- on leave in
Moscow.
14. Aleksey A.A. Yatskov, our cadre employee, currently in the USSR.
15. Julia O.V. Shimmel, our cadre employee, currently in the USSR.
16. Shah K.A. Chugunov, our cadre employee, currently in the USSR.
A. Gorsky (Dec. 48)
Black Notebook 79


p.56 Measures for improving the work of the Wash. station. 21.01.50 Yu. Bruslov
1. Furnish the station with hard-working intelligence operatives. Increase the number of pure
diplomats relieve intelligence operatives of work on their cover lines.
2. Carefully study diplomats from Western Europe with whom the embassy is not maintaining
ties at pres.
3. Study employees on the central staff of left trade unions in order to obtain polit. info.
4. Organize active counterintelligence work to detect FBI surveillance positions on our
embassy; its working methods.
5. Extensively recruit pure people for secondary agent operations.
p.57

!
6. Begin acquiring promising agents (sending to U.S. universities)
7. Provide the oper. staff with technology and cars
8. In order to prevent the consequences of potential betrayals in time, prepare in good time
the group to carry out assignments on L.
70
ahead of time.
p.58 12. In order to respond in a timely fashion to various potential denunciations by the Amer.
press, insinuated by Amer. counterintelligence, uncover, through our
71
archive, a contingent
of individuals who had been recruited for our work in the past and, for some reason or other,
had terminated their connection with us. In order to detect potential traitors and collect
compromising materials against them, attach to the 1
st
department a group of 2-3 operatives
for a period of 3-4 months.
13. Uncover, through the archive, contacts of our operatives who were in the USA between
1930 and 1949, and explore the possibility of using individual contacts, along with the
possibility of establishing contact with individual agents who were useful to us in the past.
14. Establish the continuity of the 1
st
departments work by assigning to the divisionfor
permanent worka certain number of operatives who, for some reason or other, are
unsuitable for work abroad.
15. Prepare in advance several dozen operatives, who can speak English and are familiar with
the situation in the USA, to work on this line in the future.
p.59 Plan of work with agents of the Washington station for 1950
1. Zhora obtaining doc. material
72
from the Amer. Code Section regarding work on our
codes, as well as materials from American intelligence, compiled through agents and analysis,
regarding our industry and the disposition of armed forces.
2. Buddy (Czechoslovakian representative p. 107)
73
obtaining doc. materials regarding
the activities of the International Monetary Fund and covering by him of the practical
activities of U.S. econ. policy
3. Minayev covering the activities of Amer. left trade unions.
4. Vig covering the activities of the Progressive Party. Receiving general information
about the status of our exposed agents.
5. Juan codes of the Yugoslav embassy, cipher telegrams for 48-49
6. Jack publication of a 2
nd
book about atomic energy in the USA. Obtaining gen. polit.
info.
7. Ide Obtaining occasional polit. infor. and individual leads.
Assistant Chief of the 1
st
Department, 1
st
Directorate, Yu. Bruslov


Black Notebook 80


p.63 The connection with Guide (the Ph.D.) and Lana (staff of the commercial attach of the
Yugoslav Embassy) was terminated on the grounds that they were suspicious individuals.
Both are members of the CP USA.
Lana
Guide
p.67 List of agents in the Wash. station with whom ties were not renewed (from 23.12.49): among
them: Argo U.S. citizen, well-known journalist, recruited in 1941. Did not give valuable
info.
Argo -
Hemingway
p.70 C Wash. To Vladimir cipher telegram 28.02.50
There is no chance of giving Zhora to an illegal. Larry has to work. However, do not
take Snegirevs people, b/c they are well known to the FBI Larrys failure
Zhoras failure.
Zhora
p.71 Plan of measures for the 1
st
Department, 1
st
Directorate of the KI to improve intelligence
work in the USA. Approved by S. Savchenko 16.03.50
American imperialisms transition to an active expansionist policy following the end of the
second world war has had an effect on both the foreign and domestic policies of the USA. In
preparing for a new world war, Amer. expansionist circles are aggressively enacting a series
of measures designed to put an end to any potential opposition within the country to its shady
enterprises abroad; to paralyze and destroy all truly democratic organizations; to pit the
majority of average Americans against the USSR and Peoples Democracies by various
means of anti-Soviet, anti-Communist propaganda, using the press, radio, film, and the
church.
pp.73-
74
Failures in intelligence work in the USA helped to reinforce the campaign against Soviet
espionage.
p.74 After the treachery of the traitor to the Homeland, Gouzenko, in Canada, American
counterintelligence agencies increased their work against us and were able to strike heavy
blows against our agent network in the USA.
The most appreciable blow against our operations was struck by the betrayal in November
1945 of our former group handler, Myrna, who betrayed over 40 of our most valuable
agents to American authorities.
Myrna (the wife of our illegal station chief Sound, who died in 1943) collaborated with us
for many years and, owing to improper organization of work, personally knew a lot of our
agents. The significance of this failure can be judged by the fact that, of the people betrayed
by Myrna, the majority occupied key posts in leading government agencies: in the State
Department, in branches of American intelligence, in the Dept. of the Treasury, etc.
Side by side with Myrnas betrayal, four groups of agents (working outside of the agent
network led by Myrna) failed in this same time period, i.e., since the end of 1945, as a
result of testimony given to the Federal Bureau of Investigation by former agents of the MGB
USSR and the GRU GSh VS the traitors Berg, Buben, Karl, and Redhead. These
four groups contained more than

Black Notebook 81


30 valuable agents, including former employees of the State Department, Treasury
Department, the Dept. of the Interior, etc. The open investigation of these cases coincided
with July-September 1948, and the trial of the GRU GSh VS agent Leonard, the chief of
one of the main divisions of the State Department and a member of Karls group, ended in
his conviction at the beginning of 1950.
p.75 The final links in this chain of failures were the arrest of Gubichev and Coplon, which took
place on 4 March 1949 and their trial, which ended in March 1950.
As a result of all these failures, we lost an agent network that had taken many years to form
and had been a source of valuable polit. and econ. information for us.
Nevertheless, there are a number of circumstances that could be used to expand intelligence
work in the USA:
1. The growth of the USSRs authority as the leader of the anti-imperialist, democratic camp
and a great socialist stronghold.
2. The growth of dissatisfaction among European and Asian countries marshallized
74
and
dependent on the USA with the extortionist policies of American imperialists;
3. Opposition inside and outside of the USA toward aggressive foreign policies, fascization,
and reactionary policies.
4. The existence of the CP, the Progressive Party, progressive trade unions, and oth.
organizations that are leading the fight against plans for a 3
rd
world war.
5. Strong anti-war sentiments
6. Econ. crisis
7. Followers of Roosevelts New Deal who were either expelled from government service or
stayed without making their views known.
8. The diverse population of the USA, blood ties with Europe and Asia
9. Numerous progressive colonies from Peoples Democracies
10. Displaced persons from Europe
11. Anti-catholic organizations that are leading the fight against the predominance of
Catholics in the govt apparatus
12. A fierce struggle between representatives of various religious sects (protestants and
Catholics)
13. The existence of research and analytical agencies filling govt orders.
p.77 14. Relatively lax visa policies between the USA, Canada, and Lat. Am.
15. The UN and oth. international organizations
16. The growth of colonies of Amer. citizens in Eur. and Asia.
17. The presence of U.S. delegations and missions there.
None of these were used.
p.78 Vladimir, the ambassador and chief of all stations in the country has devoted almost no
time to overseeing our stations because he has been preoccupied with his principal job.
Fedor, deputy station chief in Washington in all sectors and embassy counselor, came to the
country in November of 1948. Despite his experience in high level work at the Central
Apparatus (Dep. Chief of the Department) and two trips overseas as a station chief (to Japan
and Brazil), he is unsuited to intelligence work.
According to the chief of all stations, Fedorevidently owing to personal idiosyncrasies
does nothing to establish or develop external connections, and has no organizational ability.
Since his arrival in the country in November of 1948, he has been unable to acquire contacts

Black Notebook 82


in local circles or the dip. corps who could have been used for our purposes. He does not
manage the station and has turned out to be unfit for this work. He should be replaced
immediately.
p.84 In order to improve intelligence work in the USA, it is essential:
1. To assign primary importance in the field of political intelligence to infiltrating the State
Dept. and the central staff of American intelligence in order to obtain accurate doc.
information regarding the USAs foreign policies vis--vis the USSR, China, and Germany;
subversive activities by American intelligence against the USSR and Peoples Democracies;
and the activities of Titos clique in the USA.
p.85 2. To direct efforts toward acquiring recruiters capable of recruiting valuable agents. These
recruiters should undoubtedly be loyal to us, politically literate, and brave. They should be
selected, for the most part, from among American citizens, both those who have connections
that we need (to officials of govt agencies, American delegations abroad, and students of
prestigious Amer. universities with prospects in govt service) and those who do not have such
connections, but who have the necessary qualities for cultivating ties.
p.86 3. To expand connections; attend evening foreign language classes, clubs of the Friends of the
UN society, university lectures, trips to vacation homes, camps, hunting, fishing, philatelic,
and numismatic clubs, tennis courts, equestrian clubs, skating rinks, swimming pools, and oth.
social venues.
4. To acquire recruiters and agents from among supporters of Roosevelts New Deal.
p.87

!
5. The problem of acquiring agents should be solved using a wide variety of means and
methods of intelligence work (on ideological and mater. grounds, by compromising
individuals, through special operational maneuvers, etc).
6. To consider intelligence against the USA a principal task of every oper. directorate,,
department, and station of the KI in capitalist countries. It is essential to use the agent
opportunities of every station first and foremost to study U.S. foreign policy and its influence
over the policies of countries being investigated.
p.95 The archives contain the personal files of the station chiefs Nikolay and Nord and of
station workers Sam and King.
p.96 A request has gone out to the MGB USSR to send us the case file of former station chief in
the USA Gutzeit, who in his testimony namedaccording to our information25 people with
whom he had been connected through our work. (A reply has not been received as of the pres.
time). 4.05.50

p.99 List of agents with whom the Wash. station was asked to renew contact in 48-50. It
includes:
Pink ex. secretary of the Jewish American organization Americans for Haganah
75

Connection renewed in May 48. Later transferred to the GRU.
Liza Martha Dodd. Connection was renewed in July 49. She was transferred to the NY
station.
Nigel M. Straight. Publisher of the New Republic. Connection was not renewed.
Argo Ernest Hemingway. A famous American writer. The connection was not renewed.

Black Notebook 83


p.111 She gave leads that, for reasons of secrecy, she would compile in the form of
descriptions of the dramatis personae of a screenplay; however, we did not have the
necessary identifying data to check them against our files. It is impossible to obtain
more precise information, b/c she refuses, under various pretexts, to meet with the
operative of the NY station, Kostrov. (12.05.50)
Liza - Dodd
p.142 Zhora was renamed Vasin. Zhora Vasin?
p.144 Long-standing surveillance of Larry was noted in April-May 50. Possible causes (in
Fedors opinion):
a) Jose traitor or Yugoslavian stool pigeon
b) The Czech. embassy employee who might have suspected Larry has defected.
c) Vasin beyond suspicion, but relations should nevertheless be analyzed.
[Files available for: Vasin, Larry, and Landscape (agent-oper. situation?)]
p.162 Pink
Recruited in 36 by GRU agent handler Aronberg, who handled him until 45. In Apr.
45, having become displeased with Aronbergs conspicuous behavior and crude
working methods, P refused to work with him and reported this to MGB agent
Vendor, whom he had known for a long time as a member of the CP USA. With
Cs approval, Vadim contacted P. on 18.04.45. In November 45, he was
deactivated. Saushkin has worked with P since 48. Since he started working, Pink
recruited 5 people and gave a large amount of valuable doc. information. He never
aroused suspicion.
He went to Israel in 48, where he met with its leaders.
Pink
p.163 He participated in party work until 37. The Americans suspected him of belonging to
the CP USA. In 41-43, he twice found himself under investigation on suspicion of
being affiliated with various Communists, but in 45, by a special resolution of
Congress, these charges were dropped and he was rehabilitated.
He maintained social relations with exposed Communists no one showed interest in
him.
p.231 William Weisband = Vasin = Zhora Vasin = Zhora
p.239 As of Feb. 51 there is 1 agent in the station, Jack (a Communist, writing a book).
p.272 According to Amer. newspapers, in Aug. 50, Vasin was arrested in Los Angeles and
and tried for an allegedly late appearance before the Committee on the investigation of
Un-American Activities. At the time of his arrest, no charges of collaboration with us
were produced. The trial was scheduled for 11.09.50, but it never took place. His
whereabouts and the reason for his arrest are still unknown.
Vasin
p.283 Perhaps one of the Communist traitors gave him away. All in all, Vasin had had 14
couriers (Larry had been the 15
th
).

Black Notebook 84


p.308 Explanation by G. Sokolov (Fedor) dated 27.01.51
Through Sasha, Fast gave us several proposals by the National Committee of the
Comparty for establishing working contacts, creating safehouses for our meetings, etc. On
Gromykos instructions, Sasha received the ambassadors instructions regarding the
meeting.
Fast (writer?)
p.309 He spoke English poorly. In Jap. 10 months; in Braz. 1 year, 5 months. Biggest flaw
not knowing English.
As for the other flaws which, as I found out when I came home, are attributed to me,
namley: cowardice, laziness, ineptitude at organizing the stations work, biding time in the
embassy,
p.310 and some other thingI flatly deny these qualities that are (I repeat) attributed to me.
Though I do not think it necessary to in any way contest in these pages the verdict
delivered about me, I would like to note following: I left for Washington with a good
reference in Oct. 1948; in Feb. 1950 (that is, about a year later), the people who put
together my reference have reduced me, without my having committed a single offense
while working in Washingtonparty-related or otherwiseand never before having,
76

into a good for nothing piece of shit. One would think that before such a serious
judgement about me could be made, it would be appropriate, for the sake of objectivity, to
ask me for an appropriate explanation, or to send someone trustworthy to Washington to
check on both the stations and my work, or even to summon me to give a personal
explanation. None of this was done. Moreover, this verdict was kept secret from me from
Feb. 1950 to Jan. 51, i.e.,. a whole year, and therefore, because I was not aware of it, I
could neither have explained nor corrected the shortcoming
77
attributed to me.


p.67
File 43173 v. 5
Nigel
Work with him was not well thought-out. He was given assignments that he couldnt carry
out. He began avoiding them. He took a mistaken view of international politics. In 43,
he was drafted into the army and the connection with him was lost.
Nigel record
card file
f. 12009 v. 1
p.68 In May of 46, he came to A.
78
In conversation with his old contacts, he said that his
views had changed.
p.94 C To Vladimir 26.02.48
We received information from San Francisco that Amer. intelligence is recruiting students
of various U.S. universities who had formerly been servicemen, in order to train them as
cadre agents for subversive work in our country. About 300 people have supposedly
already been recruited, and they are currently studying Russian intensively. It is proposed
to enable the transfer of these individuals by organizing a student exchange program
between the USA and USSR.
p.95 Perhaps one of the training centers for the cadre agents are Russian departments at
American universities and institutes. Therefore, use your available legal and agent means
to take the necessary measures to cover the work of Russian departments and in particular,
find out:

Black Notebook 85


1. Which universities and institutes have a Russian department
2. Admission and program requirements and demands asked of students.
3. Lists of faculty and students, along with descriptions of them
4. How admission works and where people go when they get their degrees
5. The number of students already trained by departments; where they are used or intended to
be used
6. Who was personally chosen to work on our territory and the territories of New
Democracies, as well as identifying data for them and what they will do for a cover.
p.101 Report on Liza
Liza Martha Dodd. About 40 years old. Before 34 literary employee of the newspaper
Chicago Daily News. 34-38 in Germany with her father.
During her stay in Berlin on the basis of her sympathies toward the USSR was worked up
for recruitment, which took place in 37 while Liza was in M.
79
In Berlin, she gave us polit.
info. She returned to the USA in 38. She gave leads, but we did not follow up on them.
She married Louis. She wrote the book, Through Embassy Eyes. In 38, she recruited
her brother, President, and in 42 her husband, Louis.
She wasnt used more effectively because of her lack of suitable opportunities at the time.
Besides agent connections official contacts with our embassy and correspondence
Liza
Louis,
President
p.102 with individual workers. Official contacts with Comparty leaders. She said that she and
Louis were under investigation by counterintelligence. She told the operative Chap in 41
that she had seen surveillance. She thought her phone conversations were being tapped.
In Dec. 1945, the connection with Liza was terminated in view of her lack of opportunities
for work. A password for renewing agent ties with her was not stipulated.
Liza did not arouse suspicion in her political and social activities, or in her work with us.
It should be borne in mind that while we were working with her, she entered into intimate
relationships with several of our workers. Besides our workers, she also slept with several
Germans and French diplomats in Berlin.
p.103 Report on President
President William Dodd, YOB 1905. Recruited in 38. At the same time, he announced
that he would run for Congress. He received $1000 from us for the election campaign.
Practically no one worked with him until halfway through 41. Liza sought to recruit him
for active work in the CP. He was publisher of the left-leaning weekly, Journal. He earned
a reputation as a Red. In 42, counterintelligence took notice of him. In 43, he was subject
to attacks by the Dies Committee, and was investigated on charges of Communist activities.
At the cross-examination before the Committee, President was confused and unstable. He
came forward with slanderous lies about the Comparty and USSR. By decision of the
Committee, President was forbidden from entering government service, and we lost interest
in him. As a result, the connection with him was terminated that same
President
(previously
Boy)
p.104 year.
In 45, he was given a job at the NY branch of TASS without Cs approval. Because this
compromised Liza and Louis, he was fired on instructions from C.

Black Notebook 86


p.105 Report on Louis
Adolf
80
Stern. YOB 1898, a Jew, an American citizen, a millionaire with an annual income of
forty thousand dollars. He owns a house 200 miles outside of NY. Secret member of the CP
since 42. Recruited by Liza. Used to organize business for our illegals. In 43, he invested
$130 thousand. Business went bankrupt - $30,000 lost. We promised him a business deal with
Amtorg, but we did not keep our promise. He later turned down compensation himself and
expressed a willingness to help us with money and through personal participation. He gave
leads in business circles in the USA, which we never followed up on.
Louis
p.106 Louis repeatedly expressed his dissatisfaction with the ineffective use of both his money and
himself in our work. He said that he found this situation irksome and requested permission to
begin active, open work on the Comparty line. Louiss work with us did not arouse
suspicion. In Dec. 45, Louis was deactivated.
At pres., he is of interest from the point of view of using his capital to start up our printed
publication in the USA.
A password for contact is available.
p.148 Cipher telegram dated 13.03.48 C- To Vladimir, Stepan, and Sergey
We recently received information from certain stations regarding the increase in American
military preparations against the USSR. The major part of this information was not confirmed
upon examination, and the rest turned out to have been deliberately distorted or exaggerated.
a) Send all such information immediately, together with an evaluation of its reliability
b) If it stems from agents, determine how they found out about it. If it is from a document
how he gained access to it. If from a 3
rd
party under what circumstances, and the nature of
the relationship with him.
p.176 Letter C To Vladimir dated 13.04.48
We are interested in putting articles in your countrys newspapers from time to time about the
anti-democratic foreign policies of capitalist countries. We will regularly provide you with
subjects for these articles in the form of theses. It would be preferable not to publish these
articles in Communist, but rather in bourgeois liberal, or at the very least, left publications. In
connection with this, you should select one or two newspapers that would be most suitable for
this, and inform us of a plan of measures for gradually infiltrating them.
Active
measures
p.177 Conditions:
1. No one besides you and the person directly carrying this out should know that the notice
comes from us. Observe principles of work with agents.
2. We will only provide theses that the journalist can present in any form without distorting the
content.
p.178 After publication, inform us of the reaction. + Transmit it to M.
81
through TASS so that it can
be reprinted in our newspapers (internal objective?)

Black Notebook 87


p.186 Letter C To Vladimir 13.04.48
It is now known that the former director of the OSS, Donovan, is starting an
organization of strategic service veterans. Headquarters in NY, the Plaza Hotel,
room 11-M. We need to set up surveillance of Whirlpools activities and try to
acquire agents there.
Pool OSS veterans
organization
Radio-Announcer
Donovan
p.266 Report on Prince (a.k.a. 19) 7.05.48
Duggan L. Laurence Duggan, YOB 1905, American citizen, graduated from
Harvard U. Married, has two children.
In 27-28, he worked in journalism in NY, and then worked at the Institute of
International Education.
In 30, under the auspices of his uncle, Sumner Welles, who at the time worked as
Under Secretary of State in the U.S., he joined the State Dept., quickly becoming
Chief of the Latin American Countries Division.
40-44 personal adviser to Sec. of State Hull. He resigned due to hostile relations
with a reactionary group headed by Assistant Secretary of State Berle + his uncles
resignation.
In July 44, he was assigned to the post of Assistant to the Dip. Adviser to the
UNRRA.
He was recruited on ideological grounds by former illegal station chief in the USA
Nord (who has subsequently proven to be an enemy of the people) through agent
Redhead in June 36. Gave valuable doc. materials.
Prince 19

Nord
p.267 In 37, he began having vacillations. trials against Trotskyites and Bukharinists.
He expressed doubts about the correctness of Soviet policies. + Fears about his
safety. He was afraid to give secret materials.
Princes ideological vacillation and misgivings about his fate during his work with
us can be explained first of all by inadequate political educational work on the part of
our cadre workers who handled him. In addition, meetings with Prince were
sporadic; there were long interruptions, brought about in part by his official business
trips and later, by Princes urge to meet with us as infrequently as possible, due to the
fact that he was known in the State Department for his liberal views, and reactionary
groups were giving him trouble at work.
Prince expressed misgivings about his position at work and the fate of his family,
and gradually worked for us less and less, repeatedly expressing his wish to sever ties
with us at meetings.
In June 44, he was temporarily deactivated. Went to Latin America for the UNRRA.
the connection was lost and was never renewed.
p.276 Letter C To Vladimir 7.05.48
When establishing official contact with Prince, one should bear in mind his
hesitation and persistent attempts to break off all relations with us in the past.
Therefore, it is essential to take great care not to reveal our workers identity to him,
or to antagonize him with our over-eager
Prince

Black Notebook 88


interest in him. (See earlier suicide).

p.41
File 43173 v. 6
Report on Argo 8.06.48
Argo Ernest Hemingway ( Ernest Hemingway ), year of birth: 1898, born in Duke
Park, Illinois (USA), American citizen, secondary education, a writer. During the First War
of Imperialism, he was a correspondent in the French and Italian armies medical units.
In 1937, while in Spain, Argo wrote in defense of the Popular Front in his articles, and
appealed for help for Republican Spain, sharply criticizing isolationists in Congress and the
U.S. State Department. Argo insisted that the U.S. lift the embargo on the importation of
arms into Repub. Spain.
His former wife, Martha Gellhorn ( Martha Gellhorn ), a well-known Amer. correspondent
for the magazine Colliers also wrote in support of the Spanish Republican Govt in her
articles. During the Finnish-Russian War, M. Gellhorn, who was in Finland as a
correspondent for the aforementioned magazine, wrote sharply anti-Soviet articles..
In 1941, before he left for China, Argo was recruited for our work on ideological grounds
by Sound. Contact was not established with Argo in China.
Argo record
card file 20753
v. 1
p.42 In Sept. 1943, when Argo was in Havana, where he owned a villa, our worker contacted
him and, prior to his departure for Europe, met with him only twice.
In June 1943, the connection with Argo was once more renewed in London, where he had
gone as an Amer. correspondent with the Allied Army in the field for the magazine
Colliers. This connection was soon interrupted, b/c Argo left for France.
When Argo returned to Havana from France in April 1945, we met with him once. We
could not maintain a connection with Argo in view of our workers urgent summons out of
the country. Since then, there have been no attempts to establish a connection with Argo.
Our meetings with Argo in London and Havana were conducted with the aim of studying
him and determining his potential for our work. Throughout the period of his connection
with us, Argo did not give us any polit. information, though he repeatedly expressed his
desire and willingness to help us. Argo has not been studied thoroughly and is unverified.
We have a material password for renewing ties with Argo.
p.73 Report on Dan 8.06.48
Stanley Graze, YOB: 1918, U.S. citizen, higher education, illegal member of the CP USA,
married, brother of our agent Arena, deactivated in 45.
Until 43, he worked on the War Production Board. After 1940, he and his wife were in
Raids party info. group. Dan knows Raid as Vic. (?)
In 43, he was drafted into the army and left Washington together with his wife.
Dan
Arena
Raid Vic
(?)
82

Black Notebook 89


In 45, Raid recruited him for work on Vadims instructions. He recommended that he
join the Russian Division of the Office of Strategic Services. After a lengthy verification, he
was admitted and soon after sent to England as an operative of the OSS station in London.
Before he left, he gave Raid several valuable items on the OSSs anti-Soviet activities. It
was never stated explicitly, but according to Raid, Dan understood that he was working
for the USSR.
In London, he worked with the operative Alan, whom Dan knew as Mike.
p.74 Alan had 5 meetings with him, during which Dan gave us a number of valuable reports on
the work of the London station of the OSS (in particular, materials regarding the cross-
examination of Sov. prisoners-of-war).
In Oct. 45, he was recalled to the USA in view of the reorganization of the OSS. The
connection was not renewed, b/c all agents were deactivated.
At pres., he works in the econ. sector of the Eastern European subsection of the European
Research Section of the European Division of the State Dep.
p.75 Dans wife Dina. In 43, she worked as a secretary and assistant to a correspondent
for the newspaper PM I.F. Stone, and serving as a courier between Stone and his secret
informants in govt agencies.
In Sept. 45, she got a job at a private company. She agreed to work as a courier for Raids
group, but was not used.
Dina
p.76 Rendezvous terms with Dan in London:
Every Sunday at 8 PM, beginning on September 2
nd
45 (2, 9, 16, etc.), Dan will wait by
the exit of the Regent Park metro station on Marlborough Road, holding the magazine
John Bull. Our man goes up to him first and says: Didnt I meet you at Vicks restaurant
at Connecticut Avenue? - Yes, Vick introduced you.
Afterwards, our man produces a price tag, and Dan should produce the price tags exact
duplicate.
Alan met him on Sept. 23
rd
. Dan wasnt holding the magazine, but a book instead.
Dan explained that he had come to the meeting place 3 times already and, having been
disappointed, forgot the magazine this time around.
Dan
p.83 When Dan was deactivated, a password with him was not stipulated. The main difficulty
finding a secure and reliable means of renewing the connection. We could use the oral and
material recognition signals from London.
p.302 Report on Vick
83
28.10.48 (Henry Ware p. 300) (Leg. contact Saushkin)
YOB: 1908, born in New Jersey, U.S. citizen.
From 32 to 36, he lived in Moscow and studied at the Plekhanov Institute of National
Economics. In 35, he was recruited by the OO NKVD USSR to cover the American colony
in the Soviet Union.
Former employee of the NKVD USSR Mulyarovwho had handled Vickwas arrested in
1938; during his cross-examination, he testified that in 1935, Vick had allegedly recruited
him for Amer. intelligence; furthermore, Mulyarov supposedly gave Vick the names of all
NKVD USSR agents he knew that were used to cover the Americans. This information was
not verified.
In 42, the station obtained a positive reference for Vick from the CP USA

Black Notebook 90

and independently decided to recruit him (recruitment was carried out by Vardo, whom
Vick knew as Helen). Information about his agencys activities. The connection was
interrupted in 44 he was drafted into the army.
In Oct. 44, Vick was in Moscow, on the staff of Deanes mission. The 2
nd
Directorate of the
MGB attempted to establish agent ties, but
p.303 he refused.
Vicks mother Alissa Ware, b. 1872, a writer. Visited the USSR in 33. According to
information from 1942, she is a trusted individual and a Comparty sympathizer. In 1940, we
used A. Ware to deliver money to Germany, to the family of a prominent German Comparty
figure who had been arrested.
p.305 Edward Ames, b. in 21 in NY, graduated from the Russian Department of an intelligence
school. In 44, he was Assistant Chief of the Econ. Division of the U.S. Embassy in M.
Worked on econ. intelligence. Married Varvara Vassilievna Evstratova, b. in 23 in Smolensk
Region.
84
p.18
f. 43173 v. 7
In Dec. 48, we issued Zhora his latest payment of $600 + $400 in connection with an
automobile accident. He had big expenses.
Zhora
p.85 At a meeting with Larry on 16.07.49, Zhora reported that his agency was all of a sudden
no longer able to read our cipher telegrams. The leaders are worried, and it was suggested
that there is an agent at work. Zhora asked us not to be overly hasty in introducing reforms
on the basis of his reports, b/c failure is possible.
Zhora
p.100 13.09.49 materials from Zhora were taken at a brush passes from cars. 15 km. outside of
Wash.
Zhora
p.114 On days that he meets with operatives, Zhora removes documents from his agency twice: once
during lunch, and the 2
nd
time after work. On his person, under his shirt. He hides the
materials taken the 1st time around in the trunk of his car. He had been instructed not to keep
them in his car. To choose only the most valuable ones. He asked for a camera, but he
shouldnt be given one. Careless storage or use could lead to failure.
Zhora
p.122 During a reception at the embassy on 7.11.49, Liza and Louis had too much to drink and
behaved indiscreetly. In front of other people, they told Snegirev that Kostrov was
maintaining a connection with them and then introduced them to each other.
Liza, Louis
Black Notebook 91

p.143 Cipher telegram Vladimir Center 1.04.49
Vladimir thinks that work in the USA needs to be reorganized. Abolish the post of chief
station chief in the USA. Consider the stations in W. and NY independent and directly
subordinate to C. it is impossible to control the NY station; absence of cipher
correspondence between them
p.84 file 43173 v. 8
1. The stations info. operations in 1948 were extremely weak and ineffective. The stations
scattered their attention and resources over a large number of minor questions of secondary
significance, instead of focusing on key trends in foreign and domestic policy. Only 17.5% of
all info. material was used in reports to the echelons (not counting Zhoras materials).
2. A large quantity of questionable and contradictory information, based for the most part on
inferences by agents and the press.
3. They did not provide a collection of reports about polit. and govt figures in the USA.
p.112 File 43173 v. 10
To Cde. S.I. Ogoltsov
In light of an oper. exigency that has arisen, please order, for our information, the dispatch of
case files for the former INO station chief in New York, P.D. Gutzeitwho was sentenced to
VMN in 1939and his wife, T.M. Gutzeit, which are located in the MGB USSR archive.
S. Savchenko, 17 March 1950
p.187 To Cde. S.I. Ogoltsov
On 17 March 1950, in No. 827/s, we asked you to send, for our information, archived case
files for the former INO station chief in New York, P.D. Gutzeit and his wife, T.M. Gutzeit.
However, Division A has still not sent us these files.
In light of an oper. exigency that has arisen, please order, for our information, the dispatch of
archived case files for P.D. Gutzeit and T.M. Gutzeit (who were arrested as enemies of the
people, who at one time had recruited agents who remain to this day in the KIs active
network).
S. Savchenko, 6 May 1950
p.287 To Cde. S.I. Ogoltsov. Reply to your No. 0-2958 dated 16.06.50
In view of an urgent oper. exigency that has arisen, please order the dispatch, to our address,
of all available materials in the case files of P.D. Gutzeit and T.M. Gutzeit, describing agents
who were handled by workers at the INO station in the USA between 1934 and 1937.
In particular, we are interested in: a list of agents, their names and cover names, identifying
data and profiles, information about their connections with various station workers,
passwords, etc, as well as materials from the case files on the leads and legal
Black Notebook 92

connections of workers at the INO station in NY during the same time period.
S. Savchenko, 29.06.50
p.286 To Lieutenant General S.R. Savchenko
This is to inform you that there are no incriminating testimonies against agents who were
handled by P.D. Gutzeit in the archived case files from the indictment of Peter Davydovich
Gutzeit and his wife Taisa Mikhalovna Gutzeit. Deputy Minister of State Security of the
USSR S. Ogoltsov, 16.06.50
Redhead
record card
file No.
5592/26475
p.646
f. 43173 v. 10a
25.9.50 Sasha spoke with Fast.
Fast reported that in the near future, it is possible that a need will arise to quickly send over
from the U.S. two or three prominent Americans from the literary world. Fast did not specify
whom. He asked Sasha to speak with the leadership and find out their opinion on this matter.
Fast expressed a willingness to act as a link between us and the Amer. CP, if we do not have
such a contact available.
Howard Fast
p.647 I. Agayants To A.V. Gorsky
We have received information that leads us to suspect the intentional transmission of
disinformation. This information was taken from a confidential letter supposedly sent from
the U.S. Department of the Interior to the heads of trusts and monopolies.
In the first part of the letter, instructions are given to protect businesses and syndicates, and to
cultivate workers of Russian, Polish, Czechoslovakian, Bulgarian, and Macedonian descent.
The second part of the letter consists of answers to questions by certain industrial leaders, in
particular:
1. Why not use the atomic bomb against Korea and China, thereby opening up markets of
production?
Reply: The atomic bomb is intended for use first and foremost against the USSR. War
against them is inevitable, since no agreement is possible. 16 primary objectives: Moscow,
Stalingrad, Leningrad, Odessa, Kiev, Baku, Vladivostok, and others. After this, there is a
lacuna in the telegram...USSR, oth. countries, such as China, will be open to Americans.
Further on, the letter discusses the outcome and aftermath of an atomic bombing of the USSR,
the subsequent ten-year isolation, and so forth.
The letter ends with an indication that it was written in conjunction with the State Department
and reflects the views and intentions of the U.S. government.
p.648 56 copies of the letter were made for the USA, 14 copies for Europe, and it is signed by A.G.
Barnett and I.R. Make from the Dept. of the Int. and E.W. Archibald and R.M. Edwards from
the State Department.
Please inform us also whether the aforementioned representatives of the U.S. Dept. of the Int.
and State Department are known to you.
30.10.50
Black Notebook 93

p.649
? -
85
To Cde. I.I. Agayants
This is to inform you that we have doubts about the authenticity of the secret letter you
received, for the following reasons:
1. The U.S. Dept. of the Interior, whose representatives supposedly signed this letter, is not
involved in the production, storage, etc., of atomic bombs. Moreover, the Dept. of the Int.
cannot reflect the views and intentions of the U.S. government regarding the use of atomic
bombs.
2. The signers of the letter from the U.S. Dept. of the Int. A.G. Barnett and I.R. Make and
from the State Department E.W. Archibald and R.M. Edwards do not appear in the
officially published lists of employees of these departments for 1949.
3. There is no logical connection between the first and second parts of the letter. The first
part consists of instructions for protecting businesses and syndicates, and for cultivating
employees of Slavic origin, whereas the second part pertains to the use of atomic bombs, the
outcome and aftermath of an atomic bombing of the USSR, and so forth.
4. Sending 14 copies of the aforementioned letter to Europe is not logically justified by the
contents of the letter itself.
Lieutenant Colonel A. Raina 23.11.50.
p.11 f. 43173 v. 11
C To Vladimir, mailing 03.01.50
C. is alarmed by reports of surveillance on Larry from Dec. 12 to Dec. 18. It is uncertain
whether his meetings with Zhora were not recorded by the FBI.
Zhora
p.12 There is concern that not enough attention is paid to the organization of meetings with Zh.,
even though he is the only valuable agent in the Wash. station.
...It is completely obvious that before his last meeting with Zhora, Larry had not been
properly instructed by you. This is the only way one can explain why Larry went to meet
Zhora despite having noticed that he was under surveillance. Such an attitude toward
meetings with Zhora is completely at odds with our repeated instructions about the need to
observe all precautions during work with this valuable agent.
p.36 The office interested in Zhoras materials reported that they date from 1946-47 and are
valuable only insofar as they corroborate analogous information received in 1948.
p.37 They do not provide up-to-date profiles of the Amer. Code Division.
p.51 C Wash 28.3.50
There are no opportunities to give the connection with Zhora to an illegal.
p.52 Zhora was known to a wide circle of individuals who had been recruited for our work,
including the traitor Berg (Koral), who knew Zhora as Bill. Oth. agents also knew him as
Bill.
During work with Zh, one should admit the possibility of such worst-case yet tenable
scenarios as, for instance, Zhs having been turned by counterintelligence after being shown
incriminating evidence of his connection with us.
p.54 Hereinafter, Zhora Vasin. Zhora = Vasin
Black Notebook 94

p.61 Letter C Wash 28.3.50
From 34 to 42, Arena worked in the Civil Service Commission
86
and gave valuable
materials: the structure, employees, and activities of War and Navy intelligence, the State
Dept., and oth. govt agencies. He was taught photography. In 45, he was deactivated
in view of Myrnas betrayal. Arena Gerald Graze. His wife Rina (Ruth Graze).
Arenas brother Stanley Graze, also an agent Dan.
An attempt was made to renew ties with Arena in 48, but it failed.
Arena
Rina
Graze
Dan
p.87 We consent to Vasins naturalization as a secret Sov. citizen. 25.04.50

Vasin Zhora
p.187 Letter C Wash dated 3.07.50
Please determine the present location of Argothe writer Ernest Hemingwayof
whom we informed you previously in our
Argo
p.188 operational letter No. 8, dated 8.06.48; his political views and his latest statements in the
press.
We think it will be possible to ask Jack or Babs wife to carry out this task.
This task should be assigned to either of them in such a way that it would not reveal our
interest in Argo; for example, on the pretext of determining the current views and
standpoints of progressive and liberal writers in the USA Argo, H. Fast, Caldwell,
Steinbeck, Wright, et al.
We remind you that Argo was recruited for our work on ideological grounds in 1941 by
Sound but that he has been studied little and has not been verified in practical work.
We have a material recognition signal for renewing ties with Argo, which we will send
you in case the need should arise.
We report that, in accordance with information from August 1948, Argo lived at his
villa in La Vigia in San Francesco de Paula, outside of Havana. However, we have
information that he was planning to leave Havana to gather materials for his new book.
p.254 Letter C Wash. (to Fedor) dated 26.08.50
On cooperation between Amer. and Israeli intelligence in the Near and Mid. East.
Information received by us confirms that representatives of U.S. and Israeli intelligence
agencies are in close contact over the conducting of joint intelligence operations and the
exchange of information in the Near and Middle East.
According to our information, a senior intelligence officer in the Mid. East, Gideon
Hadari, who worked at the Amer. embassy in Tehran, received instructions from
Washington to provide all possible assistance to Israeli intelligence agents in the Near
and Mid. East. He contacted Israeli intelligence representatives, who in turn had
received analogous instructions from Tel Aviv. After Hadaris expulsion from Iran for
meddling in the countrys internal affairs, the work he had begun was taken over by the
First
Black Notebook 95

Secretary of the Amer. embassy in Tehran, Dewer, and Amer. intelligence is helping Israeli
intelligence a great deal in organizing the illegal emigration of the Jewish population of Iraq
into Iran, and its subsequent transportation to Israel.
The cooperation of Amer. and Isr. intelligence agencies and their activities in the Near and
Mid. East are of interest to us. Please use available resources to gather information about this
issue, and inform us of anything you know regarding the cooperation of Amer. and Isr.
intelligence agencies, in particular, the organization of illegal emigration of the Jewish
population of Iraq into Iran and its subsequent transportation to Israel.
Info. could be obtained through Aiva.
p.51 File 43173 v. 12
Permanent password for renewing ties with Vasin:
Our man: Did you know that Jerusalem has been occupied by the Chinese?
Him: Did you know that the Chinese have bombed NY?
Zhora - Vasin
p.52 Letter Wash. C 22.04.50
It turns out that the situation in Vasins agency has taken a turn for the worst for us. It has
become very difficult for Vasin to obtain material that is of interest to us. V. does not have
any access to codes or ciphers.
Vasin
p.101 Vasin signed his real name upon receiving a payment of $1,694 on 10.4.50. Vasin
p.155 C. asked the station to study materials on homosexuals. Larry compiled a report based on
information in the Wash. press [evidently, Burgesss experience]
87
Burgess -
homosexuals
p.180 Wash. Center letter 23 Aug. 50
The trials of Vig and Vasin began. There is no information about Vasin apart from
newspaper material. We think it would be impossible to make inquiries. A hearing of the
case is scheduled for 11.09.50 in Los Angeles.
Vasin,
Vig
p.181 Vig, apparently, has chosen the path of provocation.
p.193 Letter 1.10.50 W Center
Argo lives somewhere in California. His new book was published here recently. We are
forwarding you press reviews of this book in Supplement No. 18. It is said that he allegedly
supports the Trotskyites and that he has attacked the Sov. Union in his articles and pamphlets.
According to our information, Argo maintains friendly relations with Joe North (Joe North),
who is involved with theDaily Worker and currently lives in NY.
Argo
Black Notebook 96

p.201 Instead of berating us in every letter, perhaps the authors of these severe and scathing
letters could come here themselves and show us by their own example
Response to
criticism
p.202 how one would go about acquiring people who work in the State Department and oth. govt
agencies of the country under the current fascist environment in the USA. Yelling,
reproaching, and blaming others are the easiest things in the world, but actually solving the
concrete issue is considerably harder. For example, in the last two years, Center has neither
helped the station by sending over an illegal, nor by transferring agents from European or
other countries...
p.203 One should not forget that we are working here in a time when the cases of almost 50 agents,
who failed long before our time in connection with Myrnas betrayal, are still under
investigation; in a time when Carp and Sima have failed, when roughly 10 people have failed
on X line and failures on this line continue, when Vig has chosen to betray us and Vasin has
failed, when surveillance against our people has been heightened as never before, when true
Fascism has arisen in this country, and harsh laws are passed both against Communists and
against Americans, punishing them for having ties to foreigners with severe penalties
including death.
Vig
Vasin
p.216 As for me personally, I insist that you send me replacements as soon as possible, maybe even
from among the quick-witted authors of those loud letters, who here could demonstrate their
complete understanding of problems and their skill and bravery in solving them.
p.24 File 43173 v. 14 (the entire file is dedicated to work on the USA from oth. countries
territories.)
Resolution by the KI on the reinforcement of polit. intelligence against the USA. 27.03.50
To Cde. D.G. Fedichkin
The Info. Committee has resolved to consider anti-U.S. intelligence one of the primary
objectives in the work of all oper. directorates, departments, and KI stations in capitalist
countries. In view of this, KI stations in these countries need to prioritize the use of all agent
resources for the study of the United States foreign policy and its influence on the policies of
the countries being investigated.
In order to enact the Committees resolution, it is essential that you take the following
measures:
1. Re-examine the entire existing agent network with the aim of detecting individuals who
could be used as recruiters and agents, both for sending to the USA, and for work among
Americans and on the Amer. line in their respective countries. A report on the results of this
re-examination of the agent network, along with your proposals, should be submitted to me by
April 30
th
of this year.
p.25 2. KI stations located in countries covered by your Dept. should direct all their efforts to
acquiring recruiters capable of recruiting valuable agents for work on the Amer. line, both
within their respective countries and with the aim of subsequently being sent to the USA...
3. Taking into account that there is a significant number of Amer. citizens living in the United
States who are emigrants from various Euro. countries, KI stations in Euro. countries should
seek out opportunities to acquire
Black Notebook 97

recruiters and agents from among individuals with business connections and relatives in the
USA. Particular attention should be given to studying the opportunities of progressive circles
in France, Italy, and in Spanish polit. emigrant circles, in order to seek out and select people
who, after proper training, could be used as recruiters and agents in the USA...
4. When assembling personnel for KI plenipotentiaries at foreign intelligence agencies in
Peoples Democracies, always include in each of them qualified operatives who have been
specially assigned to use the resources of Peoples Democracies intelligence agencies for
work against the USA.
5. Between April and June of this year, dispatch Central Apparatus workers to KI stations in
Paris, Rome, Bern, Stockholm, Vienna, and Berlin, and instruct them to familiarize
themselves with the state of anti-U.S. operations and to help look for recruiters and agents to
be sent to the USA...
6. If there are no workers in the aforementioned stations capable of recruiting American
agents on their own send intelligence agents with the necessary qualifications to these
stations ...
S. Savchenko 27.03.1950
In 1938, there was a Governor Clinton Hotel in NY (7
th
av. 31 str.)
p.110 file 40594 v.1
Letter to M. 1.03.38
The source Film works at the Eastman Kodak Co. and obtained the following through his
sub-source, El:
1. the companys secret materials on the production of motion picture film.
2. minutes of technical production conferences.
Els father a qualified chemical engineer, who worked for over 30 years at the Allied
Chemical Co.
Film
El
p.111 Also at the Kodak company the source Emulsion. Gives working drawings of optical
instruments.
Emulsion
p.115 The source Long is in school.
The source Long finished his first semester with good or excellent marks. At pres., in his
second semester, he has set out to complete his other subject requirements, as well as his
thesis work. The state of the sources health has worsened significantly in view of his
intensified work.
Long
p.144 The source Ural information about Amer. tanks. Ural
Black Notebook 98

p.218 Letter dated 24.05.38 NY C
A young chemistry Ph.D. named G. Putnam, who was sympathetic toward the local
fellowcountrymen, approached Sound and gave him the dissertation he wrote at the
University of California on the extraction of gold from sea or ocean water (along with
chlorine, copper, zinc, cadmium, etc.) Putnam asked Sound to send this material by any
channel he could to the Soviet Union for practical application.
p.319 Letter dated 29.06.38 NY-C
Blerio informed Needle and Brigadier that he will be going on leave for several months.
He discussed contact terms with oth. operatives.
Blerio
Needle,
Brigadier
p.1 File No. 40594 v. 3
Letter dated 3.08.38 NY C
...The reports on the investigation of Blerio that were received on the neighbors line raise a
number of doubts. Even before this incident we received, on Smiths line, a profile of the
neighbors agent who informed them that Blerio was under investigation. This agent is very
suspect. The neighbors themselves told us that they do not trust this agent and are not sure
whether he is working for them or cultivating them on instructions from his intelligence
agency. It is highly likely that this agent had tried to use the story of Blerio being investigated
to detect
Blerio
p.2 how we would react to this news. It is quite suspect that as soon as one of the neighbors
workers asked the agent to obtain a copy of the material on Blerio, the agent had immediately
asked: Why is this so interesting to you? Is it really true?, in view of which the neighbors
leadership in Moscow saw to it that the connection with this agent was terminated.
The content of this report, which was supposedly sent by Navy Intelligence on the West Coast
to its office in Washington, is utter hogwash and does not reflect a single authentic fact from
our work. You no doubt remember the ridiculous story of how the American multimillionaire
Bendix supposedly sends money to local Communists through Blerio. In reality, Blerio met
Bendix face to face only once in his life, three years ago, in the company of twenty oth. Soviet
engineers. Or take that other ridiculous story about how Blerios son supposedly travels
between Moscow and NY, thereby maintaining a connection. Whoever compiled this report
does not even have the basic information about such easy-to-establish facts as Blerios age,
which in fact is only 36, or that of his son, who is not yet 10 years old.
p.209 Between the 20
th
and 30
th
of Sept. 38, Lever informed Blerio that in view of the discovery of
a German spy ring working, in part, at Mitchell Field (the eastern base of the U.S. AAC)
88

and at Severskys factory, which filled orders for fighters, the U.S. War Department
Lever
Black Notebook 99

is taking special precautions to check up on its staff and increase vigilance. At Wright Field,
all the locks on doors, closets, desks, etc. have been changed. Tables are searched more
frequently. We have information that all workers are being shadowed by detectives.
p.210 Lever asked Blerio not to meet with him for the next 2 months.
p.290 The source Goose was sent to study in Cincinnati. Goose
p.291 They work with Lever through Goose. Lever has a younger brother, David (he is >
20 years old). He could prove useful for a connection between him and Goose.
Lever
p292 Goose was brought to Cincinnati specifically for a connection with Lever. He is a
student at the University in the chem. department. He is a good student, gets excellent
grades, and is happy to have been given the opportunity to get an education.
p.68 f. 40159 v. 1
Payment for oper. staff since 1.01.38
1. Gennady (Acting station chief) - $450
2. Blerio - $350
3. Achilles - $350
4. Harry - $350
5. Fedor - $350
6. Igor - $350
7. Mars - $300
8. Mimosa - $300
9. Glan - $300
10. Laurel - $250
11. Twain - $250
12. Kurt - $250
13. Anya - $250
14. Diana - $150
Oper. staff
38
p.71 Letter C To Gennady 11.02.38
On the Ukrainian line only Blue Tit.
Despite having had a chance to be taken into the confidence of ODVU leaders, to cultivate
this organizations clandestine work, and to become a real agent for us, he continues
stubbornly to this day to play at big politics, skimming the surface and giving us material
from newspapers and various hypotheses in order to squeeze more money out of us.
Use him to cover and cultivate Ukrainian counterrevolutionary organizations, chiefly the
ODVU. Anti-Soviet activities, espionage, terrorism. The ODVU the American branch of
Konovaletss organization. We categorically reject Blue Tits idea to start a new Ukrainian
propaganda and org. center in A., with him at its head, in order to get money from us for an
anti-Soviet enterprise.
Blue Tit
(Ukrainian
line)
Black Notebook 100

The longtime, experienced intelligence agent Blue Tit is still at it, shirking his agent
work behind a screen of many pages worth of gibberish. Meanwhile you, in spite of
our repeated instructions and absolutely
p.72 concrete instructions, continue to accept these materials from him and to send us his
idle musings.
p.253 Agents: (3
rd
qtr. of 38)
S-1, S-2, Link, Eduard, Lever, Long and Vanguard, Toby, Talent, Yankee, Solid,
Goose, Falcon, Emulsion, Emulsions brother, Octane and his sub-sources, Cheetah,
Stanley, Film, El, Needle, Blue Tit, Charlie, Lord, Morris, Fairy, Zero,
89
Bob, Buben,
Button, Informer, Fred, Black, Pancake, Loach, Adam, Satyr, Crook, Yuzik.
p.67 f. 40594 v. 2
Letter NY C 10.03.39
As of Jan. 1
st
, I have stopped paying the source Talent. The source took this very
badly, for the most part because it makes it look like we are only interested in the tech.
materials he can get for us, rather than him personally. Not to mention the fact that the
source happens just now to be going through a difficult financial period, I think that it
would be absolutely correct if, putting a new principle into effect, we
Talent
p.68 should consider, in this particular case, the following circumstance:
The source Talent has been affiliated with us for many years. After Sound, he is the
foremost of all our other Amer. sources who work with us for ideological reasons. He
is one of the few chemistry professors with a grounding in Marxism to be found among
all our friends, who is willing to do anything for us, and for whom the interests of our
homeland and the worldwide revolution are the principal ideals of his life. It is
proposed to make an exception and retain his salary at $250 a month. [Center
approved, f. 40159, v. 2, p. 109]
Sound
p.115 In June of 38, Urals monthly salary was suspended. He says that in the past he
supposedly gave us materials costing thousands of dollars. Now he is in a difficult
position and asks for money on the strength of his future work.
The cover
name Ural
is changed to
Arch
p.148 Ural has worked at the Westinghouse Company for 18-19 years. He worked at its
pavilion at the Worlds Fair in New York.
p.150 Urals wife Angel (a whore, p. 56-57). They have been to Bolivia.
pp.154-160 26.04.39 Igor met with Charlie at Charlies apartment in San Francisco.
Fedor left all of a sudden Igor was supposed to convince Charlie that he
worked for the same company. Charlies wife was very hostile toward Igor.
Its clear that we wont be able to use Charlie for serious work. They dont want to
meet with Cheetah.
Charlie
Black Notebook 101

p.230 Letter 28.07.39
We sent Chap to Needle in Los Angeles, but Needle had vanished, as his ex-wife told us.
She said that he had had other
Needle
p.231 women and spent his money on them. She thinks Needle has left the country.
p.438 Talents sub-source Paulo Williams, a negro, a pilot and designer, fought in Spain. Talents
sub-source
Tal-1
p.386 C NY 23.06.40
Needle was approached by the FBI. Center doesnt trust him.
Needle
p.144 f. 40594 v.4
Letter NY C 16.08.40
S-2 works in the Department of the Navy. S-1 said that because of the Spy-mania campaign
and the activities of the Dies Committee, she is temporarily refusing to bring out documents.
S-2
p.145 She isnt breaking off with us and will start working again at the first opportunity. She is
willing to have us stop paying her allowance.
p.167 Letter NY C 16.03.40
Lever made it clear to Goose that he doesnt want to work. Lever
p.168 He said that he had wanted to denounce Goose in November of 38, but decided not to, b/c
Goose was a Jew, and that would have been detrimental to the entire race.
Goose
p.214 Letter NY C 14.11.40
The conditions of work on the XY line have worsened. The Defense Boom, the increase in
the operations of Amer. intelligence and counterintelligence organizations, the spy-mania
campaign, the spread of Amer. patriotism, and the persecution of
p.215 liber. and left
90
organizations. It has become more difficult to work. Some sources
Lever, Gifted, Ural, and Shrewdhave been trying to stop working with us.
Lever,
Gifted,
Ural
p.2 f. 40594 v. 5
The book For Whom the Bell Tolls
91
was sent to Moscow with the mail from 8 January 41.
Argo
p.14 16.02.41 meeting with Goose at Levers apartment (the city of Dayton). Goose showed
documents and receipts, but Lever flatly refused to work.
Lever
Goose
pp.94-
95
Jan. Feb. 41
The connection with S-2 through S-1 is an unnecessary link. S-1 used to be connected with
traitors (Elman, Brit). Meet with S-2 personally. S-1 will get in the way, b/c this will cost
him $100 a month.
S-1
S-2
Black Notebook 102

p.122 NY C 17.07.41
Operations on the XY line were deactivated in light of the case with Cde. G.
However, all ties were renewed about a month ago, and we resumed regular agent
work.
p.126 Link has been transferred to California on assignment from C. The first meeting
is scheduled to take place in Los Angeles on 10.06.41. Link
p.127 Gennady Gennady was arrested in
41. (Ovakimyan?)
p.134 The connection with Talent was restored in July. He had not gone to meetings
because of the case with Gennady.
Talent
p.158 8 Aug. 41
Octane Dr. Cooke, according to Sound, was turned by the FBI. We lost
him. In connection with the case with Gennady.
Octane
p.166 Letter dated 5.11.41
Sound gave materials on an anti-tank weapon, which here they call a Molotov
cocktail. Sound received this tech. information from the fellowcountryman,
Doctor Emil Conason
Molotov cocktail
p.201 Letter NY C dated 7.01.42
Talents sub-sources Novice and Drone have refused to work. The
station thinks it would be expedient to allow Talent to start businesses with patent-
holders and inventors, so that he would be a middleman between them and Wall-
street. Set him a monthly salary of $250. (Chem. industry).
Talent and his
subsources
p.203 Talents sub-source, Tal-1, said that he had been under FBI surveillance in
November 1941, and that his doorman and neighbor (a typist at the NY branch of
the FBI) had been questioned as well.
Tal-1
p.205 The FBI paid a visit to S-2, as S-1 informed us. S-2
p.251 Letter to Center, 29.7.42 regarding XY
Since the start of the war in Europe, and especially after the 7
th
of December,
1941when America actively joined the World Warworking conditions on the
XY line have undergone a radical change in comparison with pre-war conditions.
This change is reflected, for the most part, in the following factors:
1. As always happens in wartime, feelings of patriotism have grown and become
stronger by a great deal. We have to reckon with this factor, not only when
cultivating new candidates for contracting, but when working with longtime
agents as well.
2. A very important factor is the significant rise in
Black Notebook 103

activity among counterintelligence and police agencies. The increase in the average Americans
vigilance as a result of propaganda in the press, film, and radio against the activities of foreign
agents, has to do with this same factor. Compared to how it was before the war, there has been a
radical change in the methods of storing documents and working drawings. The procedure for
gaining access to factories has become significantly more complicated, not only for foreigners,
but for Americans as well. Workers and managers who are offered jobs at defense factories are
carefully vetted by the FBI and counterintelligence agencies.
3. The means and opportunities for travel across the country have become significantly more
complicated. Surveillance has increased so much that travel without official reasons to
cities such as San Diego, Los Angeles, Norfolk, and so forth, is completely unthinkable.
Even to go to Boston, Rochester, or Chicago, one must be on official business of some kind
that can serve as an entirely logical reason for the trip. When buying a ticket to the West
Coast, they write down the name and address, and the conductor does the same thing when
he checks the ticket. It is practically impossible to get airplane tickets, especially on the day
of the trip, and there is no question that all passengers are carefully checked.
4. Despite all this, we are choosing to expand our work on the XY line with all the means at
our disposal. Of course, the aforementioned factors have forced us to relinquish a number
of working methods
p.252 that perhaps could have been employed successfully before the war, but are completely
incompatible with wartime conditions. For instance, we try to register all our oper. trips through
a commission or factory
92
whenever possible; we have cut down on the number of agents coming
into NY, etc.
Work with El was running smoothly. Goose met with him once every 3-4 weeks, and
Twain met with him during his trips to NY. He is conscientious toward work and takes it
seriously and gives materials at almost every meeting.
El
p.253 El receives materials from Grineff
93
(hereinafter Em), supposedly for South America. Em
(Grineff)
p.255 Goose is the group handler of a group of chemists. He is a good worker. He has matured in
the last year, and is a very valuable worker for us.
Goose
p.264 S-2 gave birth to her second child. She would not decline to work with us if it werent for her
child. + Security measures at work have become more strict. Confidential work is given to
military personnel.
S-2
p.268 Blerio is meeting with Lever in an attempt to restore the friendly relations that had once existed
between them. It is difficult to meet, however, b/c Lever was drafted into the Armed Forces, and
walks around in an officers uniform.
Lever
p.272 Charon works on the XY line in the West. Blerio goes there to meet with Needle and
Gapon. Meetings with Tikhon are also possible. Maxim goes there as well.
p.274 Twains report on Pike. 5.05.42
Pike is trying to avoid working with us. He says that because our countries are allies, we can get
everything even without
Pike
Black Notebook 104

his help. He complained that he wasnt paid enough. He says that he squandered his
potential.
p.278 In the past, Talent had been acquainted with Grosse, Urey, Wittenberg, and Gamow. At
pres., however, he has no means of approach. He met with Wittenberg and tried to draw him
into a conversation about nuclear fission but was unsuccessful.
Talent
(atom)
p.299 Letter 9.10.42
Ray was worried because we hadnt met with him. He hadnt received money in over a
year. When he was told that now we would be actively working, he was very happy.
Electric Pole was frightened by everything that happened and decided not to keep
working.
Ray
Electric
Pole
p.306 According to Informer, the war caught Ural unawares in the Philippines, and he was
taken prisoner by the Japanese.
Ural
p.316 6.10.42 Twain went to Wash. to restore the connection with Solid, which had been
interrupted in 39. We know very little about him or his work with us. We only know that he
had been connected with Gennady, whom Solid and his wife knew as Victor, and that he
had signed his name on receipts as George Jackson.
Solid lives in Chevy Chase. Twain arrived by taxi at the same time as another car with a
man and a woman in it (the woman was driving). He stepped out and went to open the
garage. At that point, Twain asked the woman if S lived in that house.
Then the conversation was as follows:
T Hello, are you Dr. Ns friend?
S Yes. What can I do for you?
T A good friend of mine, who is also a friend of yours, asked me to stop by and say hello...
S (interrupting) Who are you talking about?
T Your friend Victor. He told me that you
Solid
p.317 were very kind to him, helped him with his work, advised him on a number of issues, etc.
S I have no idea who or what youre talking about. I also dont understand why you wanted
to meet me.
T Victor spoke very highly of you, as someone who could be trusted. Id like you to help
me the same way you helped him.
S Im very flattered to hear such a high opinion of me, but I still dont know who or what
youre talking about.
T- To convince you that Im not here by accident, I can remind you that you did some work
for him for which you were rewarded. At the time, you used the name George Jackson.
Does this convince you that I really am a friend of Victors and that you can trust me
completely?
S Ive used a lot of names in my lifetime. Incidentally, what does this Victor you keep
talking about look like and
Black Notebook 105

where is he now?
T. described Gennady, but S. did not admit to knowing him. It was obvious that he was
frightened of provocation and knew full well what T. was talking about.
T. was unable to convince S. He promised to ask for oth. information and relate it to S. at
their next meeting. S. made it clear that he was prepared to meet again.
p.43 file 40159 v. 3
Twain has been entrusted with tech. intelligence. transition to a linear working
principle. (Letter from 4.04.41).
Twain
Tech.
intelligence.
p.124 Letter C To Maxim 27.11.41
Outpost Flosdorf, a chemistry Ph.D. at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia
and chair of the bacteriology department. A good friend of Talents, through whom he
was recruited. He worked on assignments from the War Department. He knew about the
latest research in the field of biological warfare. He worked on
Outpost
p.125 a mater. basis, although he was sympathetic toward the USSR. He was deactivated in
November of 38. He should be reactivated. We are sending Outposts signature as
proof that the person coming to him was sent by us.
p.125 Derivative the chemical engineer N.M. Ellias. Recruited in 34. Worked at DuPont,
and afterward opened a private consulting office in NY. Deactivated in 38. Find him,
and send him greetings from Gennady, whose name he knows.
Derivative
p.134 Ural Frank Ullman (Austrian Jew (p. 178)).
Angel Tamara Evseevna Ullman-Pogorelskaya
Ural
Angel
pp.137-
140
Letter 27.11.41
Blerio is coming to the USA for a short business assignment.
Blerio
p.139 In the course of a friendly conversation, Maxim should warn Blerio to be prudent when
meeting with women.
p.160 Letter C NY 27.03.42
At pres., people in England, Germany, and the USA are frantically working to obtain
Uranium-235 and use it as an explosive to make bombs of enormous destructive power,
and to all appearances, this problem is quite close to its practical solution. It is essential
that we take up this problem in all seriousness.
Resources:
1. Invalids connection with Professor Ureys chief assistant - Davrun Wittenberg.
2. Catalysts connections (his primary assignment atom)
3. Podolsky. He approached the embassy with a proposal to go to the Soviet Union to
work on the problem of Uranium-235.
Atom
Invalid
Catalyst
p.175 [Catalysts] daughters are in the USSR. If Catalyst successfully obtains information
and materials that interest us, we can provide material assistance to his daughters.
Black Notebook 106

p.161 According to our information, the following people are working on the atom problem:
1. Prof. Urey Columbia U.
2. Bragg ----------------------------
3. Fowler ---------------------------
4. A.V. Grosse --------------------
5. John Dunning ------------------
6. E.T. Bute -----------------------
7. Wittenberg ---------------------
8. Alfred O. Nier -----------------
9. Robert Van de Graaff - Massachusetts in-t
10. Tramm his assistant
11. Gamow a defector; Solid and Catalyst know him well.
p.169 Letter C NY 25.06.42
We do not agree to the idea of starting companies with Talents help. This method tens of
thousands of dollars. Initially, Talent listed 8 processes, and he proposes to start a
company on the basis of each one.
If we finance Talent, it could lead to his identity being exposed. There are already signs that
this is happening. For example, a report on Tal-1s company by an outsider Julius
Rosenberg which was obtained through Sound states that Tal-1 introduced Talent as
one of the
Talent
Rosenberg
p.170 people working behind the scenes who was in contact with Mikhail Kaganovich. Thus, with
the founding of his first company, Talent has become known to persons unaffiliated with us
as an agent of the Sov. Union.
p.171 Stop doing business with Tal-1 and his company. The company has done nothing for us but
use up resources and expose Talents identity.
p.183 Letter from Gennady (Center) To Maxim 25.06.42
Results on the tech. line are unsatisfactory. There should be 3 operatives working Twain,
Glan, and Laurel. Glan and Laurel dont do anything. Twain is not working at full capacity.
Poor training and management of sources departure of agents and decline in activity.
p.184 For my part, I think that the main aspects of this work should be transferring active
probationers to illegal connections using such group handlers as Goose, Black, et al.; seeking
out new candidates capable of providing us with materials on defense-related topics, and
engaging in political education work with everyone our comrades as well as probationers.
p.185 Charon does not understand his assignments, even though the XY is primary in his area.
Link is not working.
Apparently, what interested him most was studying the climate in his vicinity. Now,
apparently, he has looked into it and concluded that the climate is fully acceptable to him and
his family and therefore he asks that they be sent over. He reported these findings and
wishes of his through Sedov. As for whether
Charon
Link
Black Notebook 107

its worth sending his family over at this point I doubt it. The thing is, we intercepted a
letter from his wife, addressed to Charon, which contains a number of attacks directed at us
and at the situation that has arisen in the country.
p.187 Letter C NY 28.08.42
Aristid Viktorovich Grosseson of the baron, the Russian consul in Shanghai before the
Revolutionis working successfully on problems pertaining to Uranium-235. His brother,
Lev, lives in Shanghai, where in 1940 he appealed to the Soviet consulate general with a
request to grant him and his brother Sov. citizenship. Aristid used to work at Columbia
University. A friend of Catalysts. Both worked on radioactive substances in Germany and
came to the USA at the same time with the defector Ipatiev. Aristid Grosse is now world
famous.
Lev Grosse has again raised the question of coming to the USSR. We are sending you his
letter to Neutron, which must be used for meeting
Atom
Neutron
p.188 with him. If he wants to come to the USSR, it could be used in order to expand work with
him: tell him that such a move could only be possible after the war, and for now he should
demonstrate his best intentions toward us.
p.195 Letter C NY 12.09.42
Due to insufficient information, it is rather difficult at pres. to assess the value of the persons
whom Sound recommended for use on the technical line ((letter No. 7, 41) Rosenberg,
Shapiro, Paige, Tanenbaum, Cohen, Eisenberg, Balamut).
Rosenberg
p.222 Letter C NY 26.11.42
We attach a lot of significance to the problem of Uranium-235 (which we conditionally name
Enormous). Despite having several rather good opportunities for the agent cultivation of
individuals working on this problem in the USA, we have yet to begin
Enormous
p.223 these cultivations. Our repeated instructions in this regard have to this day gone without so
much as a reply, if we dont count Talents reports about his attempts to meet with a
number of people working on Enormous.
Considering the high secrecy level of work pertaining to Enormous and the major
significance attached to this problem in the USA, we think it is necessary, on our part, to say
a few words about the methods of this agent cultivation.
1. The practice of discussing Enormous directly with individuals who were working on it
should be ruled out in advance. Such discussions can only arouse suspicion on the part of
these individuals. This work requires the application of truly agent methods of cultivation.
It is obvious from Talents report, received in mailing No. 2-42, that these methods of direct
discussions are just the kind he uses when he secures meetings with individuals working on E.
In view of this, we propose giving up working with Talent in this cultivation. Discontinue
the meetings to discuss this matter between Talent and Urey,
Black Notebook 108

Grosse, and Wittenberg. He can be told that this problem no longer interests us, and that we
think it is unrealistic in practice...
2. It is essential to carefully work out all the available means of approach to individuals
directly working on Enormous.
At Columbia U:
Professor Urey Elder
his assistant, Wittenberg Sarin
the physicist Grosse Neutron
the instructor Hiskey Ramsay.
We have in mind the following lines for cultivation of these individuals:
1. Sound Invalid Sarin Elder. Utilize the friendly
Enormous
p.224 relations between Sound and Invalid, and between Invalid and Sarin. Sound should be used
only up until Invalids recruitment. Afterward, Invalid should be given to a diff. person, who
is less busy than Sound. Primary objective Sarin, b/c he is Elders right hand man.
2. Chap Ramsay.
3. Wood Neutron. Recruit Wood, so that he will recruit him for our work on the
basis of mutual oil-related interests, without touching on Enormous for now.
4. Catalyst Neutron.
p.247 Dragon Van de Graaff, b. 1901, Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. He went to the USSR in the middle of 35 at the invitation of the Academy of
Sciences. He was in contact in 34 with our former operative Georgy.
Dragon
p.248 The connection was interrupted in Feb. 36 for unknown reasons. He is directly involved in
work on Enormous. Necessary
94
to find means of approach to him.
p.264 Neutron was in Moscow as a member of an industrial delegation on rubber and latex in
Dec. 42.
Neutron
p.265 He talked about himself with great reserve, which proves he is involved with important
scientific technical problems.
p.266 It is possible to approach him on ideological grounds (goodwill toward the USSR).
p.275 Letter C NY 1.07.43
Operations on Enormous are expanding. There are already over 500 people participating in
the USA. 90 million dollars have been allocated to the project.
Enormous
p.278 In the presence of this research work, vast both in scale and scope, being conducted right
here next to you, the slow pace of agent cultivation in the USA is particularly intolerable.
Instead of grabbing onto the smallest opportunities and developing them further, you are not
even following the specific courses of action that were suggested to you on the basis of reports
that you yourself sent over (regarding Invalid, Sarin, and Ramsay).
p.279 In light of the fact that work by the Eng. on Enormous was relocated to Canada, where the
majority of Eng. scientists working on Enormous have moved since the beginning of this
year along with a portion of the equipment, as well as of the possibility that is under
Black Notebook 109

consideration to transfer the rest of the workers there, the need to speed up agent cultivation of
Enormous in the USA has become even greater, b/c contact in the work of the English and
the Americans will be even closer.
p.283 We have written to you repeatedly regarding the urgency of this problem. At this decisive
stage of the war, the question of obtaining information about the preparations and intentions
of the enemy (axis nations and vassals), as well as detailed information about the
achievements of Country and Island in the development of both means of defense and possible
means of attack, takes on a special significance.
Bacteriology
Sulpho
p.284 Agents working on this problem:
1. Outpost significant resources through the University of Pennsylvania, gave valuable
materials from 36 to 38, including means of biological attack. Created a device that dries
out materials for germ warfare.
Outpost
p.285 Relations with him on a material basis.
2. Solid used to cover the military medical school, the Franklin Institute of Research, etc.
3. Medic one of the owners of the American Schering Co.
4. Talent
5. Beetle the Park and Davis company
6. Goose and Black.
Goose should be designated the central figure in this cultivation (hereinafter Sulpho).
Solid
Medic
Talent et al.
Goose
p.313 Letter C To Maxim 27.07.43
We think it would be expedient to select the following objectives for cultivation:
1) The group of Prof. A. Compton, the director of the entire problem (conditional name
Metallurgical project) at the National Defense Research Committee, where the work of all
the research and planning groups is based. Compton periodically compiles reports on the
status of these groups;
2) The Columbia group. Professors Dunning and Urey have the most interesting materials.
Enormous
(objectives)
p.314 3) The Chicago group
4) The California group.
5) The Kellogg Company.
p.329 C To Maxim 20.10.43
The leadership decided to form 3 independent stations with centers in NY, Washington, and
San Francisco, and one sub-station in L.A. under the authority of San Francisco. There
should be a special assistant on XY in each station.
Organization
of stations on
XY
p.330 Station on XY in NY (proposal from C.):
Dep. station chief on technology Cde. Anton; operatives Arseny, Callistratus.
Agents:
Anton Talent, Black, Chap, Antenna, Goose, Ray
Gooses group Ell
95
(with Zam (prev. Em) and Yang), Constructor, Erie,
Huron
Antennas group Blanco, Gnome, Tuk, Scout
Arsenys group Emulsion, Brother, Spline, Mikhailov.
Black Notebook 110

p.331 Callistratuss group: Relay, Fisherman, Pearl.
Blacks gr: Outpost, Beetle.
Chaps gr: Long, Gifted, Magnate (after ties with the latter two are
renewed).
p.218 Antenna according to information from Sound, Antenna works as a signal
corps inspecting officer at the RCAs
96
businesses in Camden and is involved with
radio equipment for tanks.
p.331 Station in Washington:
Create an independent station on technology. A worker is being registered for the
post of dep. station chief on technology. Of active sources only Solid and
Electric Pole.
The station in San Francisco with the sub-station in L.A. The station in San
Francisco is independent. Transfer all agents from Charon to the operative: Sam,
Map, Park, Jack. A group handler needs to be picked.
Create a sub-station in L.A. with Don at its head. Don will establish connections
with agents (Needle, Herdsman) through the courier Nick.
Solid
Electric Pole
p.335 Letter C To Maxim 22.11.43
It is proposed to have agents on Enormous handed over from the neighbors to us.
We propose to hand Antenna over to Ten.
97
Enormous
p.336 It turns out that Sound didnt know Invalid. This was written in error. All in all,
there is a lot of talk about Invalid and Sarin, but nothing has been done.
Invalid Sound
p.337 Eries contacts Seaborg, Oppenheimer, Nier. Charon has a possible means of
approach to Oppenheimer.
Clearly, there is no need to focus on Neutron. More interesting opportunities have
come up.
[Erie lives in
Detroit. Recruited in
43 (p. 343).]
Neutron
p.354 Letter to May to Anton dated 29.01.44.
In keeping with dividing working objectives between us and the neighbors, they have
handed us their agent, Rest Klaus Fuchs, a German emigrant, 32 years old, a
fellowcountryman and a Ph.D. in physics. He has lived on the Island for the last 7-8
years. He worked in the physics laboratory at the University of Birmingham.
Recruited by the neighbors in Aug. 41 on the recommendation of one of the senior
workers in the fellowcountryman organization in Germany. Ideological basis. He did
not get a regular fee; occasionally gifts.
Rest - Fuchs
p.355 Rendezvous in NY to establish a connection with Rest. Meeting place: at the
front door (at the front door of Henry Street Settlement, in Henry Street, Down
Town, East End,
Jewish Quarter, NY).
Time: at 16.00 on the 1
st
and 3
rd
Sat. of every month, starting in Jan. 44.
p.356 Recognition signals: Rest will be holding a green book and a tennis ball. Our man
will be wearing gloves. He will be carrying a third glove in one of his hands.
Our man: What is the way to the China Town?
Rest: I think the China Town is closed at 5 oclock.
Meeting place a well-known Jewish philanthropic center.
Black Notebook 111

p.356 Note: From our point of view, the rendezvous is very poorly conceived. Periodically
showing up on certain days and waiting around in the same place for a person carrying
objects as unusual as the ones indicated, could easily attract anyones attention.
Nevertheless, we are obliged to follow the accepted rendezvous terms.
If you are unable to establish a connection by 1.04.44, then go through his sister,
Heineman, who lives on 144 Lake View Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts). Married,
she and her husband fellowcountrymen. Password:
Our man: I bring you greetings from Max.
She: Oh, I heard Max had twins!
Our man: Yes, seven days ago.
We think the most suitable handler for Rest would be Goose.
p.358 Erie and Huron should be transferred to Gooses group.
Introduce one of our people, possibly Huron, to Ramsay through Chap.
Goose
p.359 Be very careful, however, when recruiting Chap to work on Enormous, b/c during his
trip to Canada, it became clear that war intelligence openly classifies Chap as suspect.
Chap
p.361 Letter C To May 26.04.44
A bonus in the amount of $100 has been allotted out of the 2
nd
quarter estimate for
Antennas initiative in acquiring an agent to cultivate Enormous. We leave at your
discretion the best form in which to give it to Antenna cash sum, gift, etc.
for this?

Antenna
p.354 Antenna made contact with Fogel. Fogel
p.361 Gnome (aviation (p. 386)) a valuable probationer. Almost 100% of his materials are
valuable. His value has increased in connection with his transfer to a new job.
Gnome
p.362 It is unacceptable to maintain a connection with him through an operative. Use
S-1.
p.363 Goose renewed ties with Rest. Goose Rest
p.404 C To May 30.06.44
In the entire time that we have worked on E, in spite of our constant reminders to
implement various measures and a number of absolutely concrete suggestionswhere to
work, what to work onwe have nothing besides Fogel. Rest does not count, b/c he
was sent to you fully formed. We cannot consent to such a situation in the future.
Enormous
p.416 C To May 28.07.44
In the past, when we instructed you to establish a connection with Rest through
Goose, special emphasis was placed on the need for detailed reports on work with Rest.
Since the establishment of a connection with Rest, we have received his materials in
every mailing, but we do not have a single report
Rest Goose
Black Notebook 112

from Goose about the progress of his work with Rest or about Rest himself.
We do not have precise information about Rests place of employment, his address, how and
where meetings are conducted, Gooses impressions of Rest, etc. We do not have terms of
contact for Rest in case the connection is suddenly lost, and the cover story accepted by
Goose and Rest about how they met is not known.
p.435 C To Anton 10.11.44
A resolution was passed in C. to allocate work on the XY line to an independent sector with
you at its head as the station chief and a separate monetary fund. Importance of
Enormous, which interests Cde. Petrov personally.
p.439 The following operatives are being placed under your command:
1. Aleksey. Oversees agents on E.
98
through Arno, who is being appointed group
handler of these agents.
p.440 Arno works with Charles (Rest). Rest
Charles
pp.440-
441
operatives: Aleksey, Arseny, Callistratus.
p.442 Liberal has become quite involved in our work; he knows our interests, handles a group of
valuable agents, gave a number of leads. Carelessness with him could have serious
consequences for our entire work.
Liberal
(Antenna?)
p.444 Arno works with Charles. Arno Goose (?)
p.447 In the interest of using Liberal as effectively as possible on E, familiarize him with the
main points of this problem. Liberal should recruit Persian and hand him to Arno.
Persian should cover the Kellogg and Kellex companies.
p.448 Renew ties with Ernst through Huron, with the aim of using him to cultivate Chester.
Chester Robert Oppenheimer, an Amer. Jew, a secret member of the fraternal, works in
camp y on the development of the atomic bomb.
Chester -
Oppenheimer
p.457 Letter C To Anton dated 14.01.45 (analysis of work in 44)
The best assessment of Arnos work is the prestigious state award with which it was
commemorated. We are confident that this award will inspire Arno even more and serve as
a stimulus for even better work.
Charles is coming back to NY from camp 2 problem with Arnos cover. Needs to be
created at once.
Arno
p.460 Persians recruitment achievement on E in 44. Should be handed to Arno. Persian
p.461 Liberal proved himself to be a decent recruiter. In the time that we have been directly
connected with him, he recruited Perseus,
99
Hughes, Wasp, Caliber, Senya. He
should be relieved of his oper. work and assigned to look for new people.
Liberal
p.464 As you have already been told, there is documentary evidence confirming that both
Henry
100
and our workers who were connected with him were the objects of an active
investigation by the competitors... In light of this,
Black Notebook 113

we suggest intercepting any attempts by Henry to renew ties with you, efforts to meet
with our people, visits to our agencies, and under no circumstances should you allow
Henry to realize his intention of getting a job at Amtorg.
p.465 Photon works with Reed. After the war, Reed should be stirred to greater
activity, in part on a mater. basis. For now, we propose to use him to cover the Bureau
of Standards, which works on questions pertaining to E.
Reed = Solid
Chamber
p.472 Letter C To Anton 23.02.45
The most recent events with Liberal are extremely serious and require us, first of all,
to properly evaluate what happened, and secondly, to make a decision about Ls role in
the future. In deciding the latter, we should proceed from the fact that in him, we have
a loyal man whom we can trust completely, a man who in his practical work over the
course of several years has shown how strong his desire is to help our country. Besides
this, in L. we have a talented agent who knows how to work with people and has
considerable experience recruiting new agents.
We should assume that L. was fired not only for his belonging to the CP. The FBI
might have oth. incriminating information. L. should not take any legal action to be
reinstated and should leave this matter to the trade union.
Liberal
p.473 Transfer his agents to others.
p.474 Give Wasp and Persian to Arno. He handles: Persian, Wasp, Charles,
Bir, Caliber, Chrome-Yellow. Retain Liberal as a recruiter.
p.507 Center To Anton 28.03.45
On the cowardice of probationers
Your assertion that some probationers are getting scared in connection with the
competitors activity is significantly exaggerated. It seems to us that individual
questions and remarks by probationers pertaining to the security of work or secrecy
have been incorrectly labeled as cowardice by our operatives and by you... We do not
exclude the possibility that some probationers have expressed concern, or shown
interest in questions of personal safety (Bugle). Our operatives need to approach this
matter in all seriousness...
p.508 They need to show, by their handling of the probationers inquiries, that we are very
interested in their personal safety, and that we assign enormous significance to this
matter.
Black Notebook 114

p.548 C To Anton 28.08.45
In light of statements made by representatives of the Amer. government regarding the
successful completion of work on the creation of an atomic bomb and its use in field
conditions, we are faced with the absolutely urgent task of intensifying and expanding our
work on E., which is of great national importance to our country...
p.549 In subsequent work, the area of E. should be given primary importance by your station. The
station chief is personally responsible for this area...
We think that the agent situation in this regard is exceptionally favorable in the Country. This
is evinced by a number of facts that are known to us, such as the bringing of an important
document on E.
p.550 to the consulate by an unknown person, who justified his action by a desire to inform our
country about work being done to that end; Mlads coming to us, the successful recruitment of
Caliber and Persian, as well as the agents reports about the fact that among the workers who
are actively participating in the work, there are people who have openly stated their goodwill
toward us and expressed the opinion that our country should be informed about the results
achieved in work on E.
Truman and Churchills statements regarding the atomic bomb clearly attest to the fact that
all work on E. is carried out in strict secret from all oth. countries including our country, and
that this policy will be maintained in the future. We should make the best use of this
circumstance as an argument when recruiting agents from among scientists who wish to help
us, but harbor illusions with regard to the fact that no one is keeping secrets from our
country.
Top priority tasks:
1. To finish cultivating Ramsay.
p.551 2. Obtaining new leads.
3. Improve the processing of materials
4. Improve the contact system by setting up intermediary stations. It isnt right that our group
handlers and couriers have to travel from NY to the vicinity of the Preserve. Set up
intermediary stations modeled on Lenss safe house, e.g., Chicago, Cincinnati, Kansas,
Denver, etc.
p.43 File 40594 v.6
Letter NY C 8.02.43
After receiving additional information from C. about Ss work with Gennady, a 2
nd

meeting was held, where we managed to win his trust.
He works as the chief of the Chem. Division of the U.S. Tariff Commission. After he
switched to govt service, someone reported that he was a Communist the FBI examined
him for a year and a half. However, he thinks that the FBI is unaware of Ss work with us.
Solid
Black Notebook 115

p.44
Difference in perception
of the war between C.
and the station.
At the 3
rd
meeting, S was even more friendly to Twain. According to a
cipher telegram from C., he used to get $350 a month + valuable materials were
paid for extra. You indicate that this system is currently unsuitable and even
think that we can work with him without compensation, on an ideological basis,
by carrying out educational work, etc. We will take this directive of yours into
account in future work with the probationer, but at the same time, we will be
unable to begin work with him solely on ideological grounds. Prior to 1939, we
worked with him on the basis of paying him well for his services. Therefore, it
isnt entirely clear to us why you think that now, in time of war, when the risk is
significantly greater, he would have a more conscientious attitude toward his
work than before, and agree to work solely on an ideological basis.
Solid
p.115 NY C 15.04.43
S. harbors mistrust, even though he talks about his past work. He maintains
that about a year before the connection with him was broken off, he and his wife
came to NY, where they met with Gennady. During this meeting, Gennady
suggested that they might have to discontinue meetings for a while. Solid says
that in connection with this, he had given Gennady some object or other, which
was supposed to have served as a material recognition signal for any comrade of
ours approaching him with the aim of re-establishing a connection. All of our
arguments about the fact that this object might have long since been destroyed
have come to nothing. At the last meeting, he said that it was enough for him if
Twain were to name the object he had given to Gennady. We reported this by
telegraph and hope to receive a description of this object in the coming days.
Solid
p.116

Apparently, Lamphere
has something about
it.
101
NY C 5.04.43
Ell lives in Cincinnati. FBI agents came to his house and started questioning him
about Film, who was his relative. From them, Ell learned that in 37-38,
Film lived in Miami, Florida. One day, the landlady of his apartment went to
Hut with an accusation that Film was corrupting her young daughter (9-12
years old). Film was arrested. His place was searched during the arrest, and in
one of his notebooks they found the last name Levine. He was released several
days later because of the absence of corpus delicti. Around the same time, a boy
named Peter Levine was kidnapped by gangsters, who demanded a ransom for
his return. Several days later, the decapitated body of this boy was found in a
swamp in New Jersey. Hut is conducting an investigation to this day. Taking
into account that Film had been arrested on charges of corrupting a minor and
that the name Levine had been found in his notebook, Hut had decided to
investigate this matter and had turned to Ell as someone who knew Film
quite well.
Film subsequently told Ell that the girl had been asking him questions and that
he had tried to tell her about childbirth and the sexual biology in general.
Ell
Film.
Black Notebook 116

p.118 Ell thanked us for the 150 dollar bonus that we had decided to give him for good work, but
said that he was not in need of money and asked that the money be transferred to the Cde.
Stalin tank column fund (Ell would like to get a receipt for the deposit of this sum).
Ell
p.119 Letter NY C 27.03.43
At the meeting on 26.03.43, Talent said that several years ago he discovered that some of
the personal processes he had developed and given to us had been used by some of our
chemists and published in Sov. publications as their discoveries. As for him, he had never
received a reply regarding how his material was being used. He had spoken about this with
Gennady. If it had been someone else in his place, we would have turned a friend into an
enemy. Gennady supposedly assured him that this would not happen again in the future.
The list of winners of the Stalin Prize for research in the field of chemistry and oth. branches
of industry was recently published. He found a topic on which he had given us his work a
year and a half ago. He isnt asking for money, only that his work be referenced.
Talent
p.134 XY network as of 1.05.43. 28 agents total.
Twain - Goose - Constructor
Ell - Yang
Erie - Huron
Solid
Ray
Black
Beetle
Antenna - Scout, Tuk, Blanco, Lens
Gnome Air p.310)
Relay works for NACA
102

Pole (jet planes)
Emulsion - Brother
Smart (through Don)
Stock - Talent 1.
103
Chemists and bacteriologists 11 ppl.
Long 2. Radio and communications 6 ppl.
Seaman (through Informer) 3 Aviation 5 ppl.
Aleksey - Fisherman 4. Devices (various) 4 ppl.
Arseny - Spline 5. Navy 1 per.
Charon - Needle (through Veil) 6. Reactors 1per.
Sam
p.143 Antenna, along with a group of 4 ppl., was detected through Sound. Antenna

p.240
NY C 7.02.44
A good friend of Antennas Russ McNutt (Fogel). Civil engineer. F. asked A. where
he should work. A. suggested Kellogg. F. got a job at Kellex, a subcontractor of
Kellogg.
Fogel (a.k.a.
Persian)
Black Notebook 117

Fogel fellowcountryman. He is on Diess list. F. has an idea of where his information goes,
but this doesnt bother him. So far, neither F. nor A. has any idea what kind of factory F. is
helping to build.
p.243 Ell came to NY in November 43. He said that he works as a senior engineer at a factory that
produces an explosive substance.
Ell
p.284 Letter NY C dated 7.07.44
Rise in FBI operations
We think it is time to implement a system of doubling connections, i.e. two of our
comrades should be connected with a particular group of probationers instead of one, as was
the case until now; moreover, each of them should handle his own probationers, but be able to
meet with his comrades probationers if the need should arise.
Twain is under intense surveillance.
p.285 All control meetings were missed. Renewing ties will take a long time. As a rule, new
people arouse the agents suspicion.
Antenna and Goose were transferred to Callistratus and Aleksey. They were told that
Twain had been promoted more traveling, less time.
pp.8-10 File 40594 v. 7
Letter NY C 17.02.45
Increase in FBI activity. Increase in surveillance. Constantly since the 4
th
quarter of 43.
Use of cars, 2-3 cars following one operative. Especially Twain. Constant observation for
surveillance. Campaign of spy-mania in the press. Details about German spies coming
ashore from submarines. Several death sentences by electric chair and hanging.
p.10 Despite all this, however, opportunities for finding new people and working with them do
exist in the Country. Our homeland enjoys a good deal of popularity among the progressive
population; people willing to help us can undoubtedly be found in this milieu. There are also
people who would be willing to work for money.
During the war, the strength of the agent network has greatly renewed.
p.13 At present, the probationer network is for the most part quite efficient, and the level of tech.
expertise found therein is high. The majority of probationers are people with a high level of
tech. erudition and knowledge in their field. For the most part, they are engineers with a
cross-section of scientific workers. The majority of probationers works with us on the basis
of goodwill toward our country on ideological grounds, and not with any kind of selfish aim.
There are many fellowcountrymen among the probationers, who view their work with us as a
sign of the greatest possible trust toward them on the part of the fellowcountryman
organization.
Black Notebook 118


p.14
Agent network as of 1.02.45.
Anton
104

Air

[Arseny] [Aleksey] [Callistratus] [Light] [Photon] [Contractor]

Zero Bugle + Ernst Star Serb+ Block Davis Peter+ Reed

Ferro Thomas George (Mlad) Liberal+ Karl
(camp No.2)
Nemo Armor Arno Senya Lens + + - Camera
105

Noise Author (Bir) Chrome-Yellow Nil Yakov ( ) - Enormous
106

Bolt Hong camp no.1 (Charles) (Persian) Meter +
c. no.1

Wasp Hughes
(Caliber) c. no.2
p.15
Liberal Julius Rosenberg.
107
B. in 1918 in NY. A Jew. Married (Ethel). 2 year-old child. Both are
fellowcountrymen. He is on a special register. He is an electrical engineer by training. He works as an assistant
workshop chief at the Zenith company, which manufactures radio devices for the army signal corps. He was
recruited to work with us through Sound in late 41. Starting in the fall of 42, he was handled by Twain,
whom he knew as Henry. Since 27.04.44, he has been handled by Callistratus, whom he knows as Alex.
He gave valuable materials on radio + oversaw probationers who had been handed over from Sound: Meter,
Yakov, Lens. Nil, Senya, Persian, Hughes, and Caliber were later recruited through him.
p.16 He always regards any assignment with a sense of responsibility, and makes an effort to carry it out fully and on
time. He is impetuous by nature and occasionally hasty. He is diligent. As a group handler, he is equal to the
task, and enjoys a certain degree of authority among his probationers.
Large workload dangerous to his health. Liberal is highly politically developed and devoted to our cause.
He considers helping our country to be the principal aim of his life. During the war, he experienced all the
sorrows of defeat and the joys of victory alongside all our people.
His wife knows about her husbands work and personally knows Twain and Callistratus. She could be used
independently, but she should not be overworked poor health.
p.17 Nil Nathan Sussman
27 years old, married, no children, both are fellowcountrymen. In 41 he got a job as a jr. engineer at a factory of
the Corpus company. He is one of the factorys top specialists on radar installations. He has access to
valuable materials, and has the right
p.18 to take them out of the factory. He was recruited for work with us at the end of 42 by Liberal, whom he has
known well since they were children. Materials on aviation radars. His wife does not know Nil cannot be
taken off the CP USA register, b/c she would become suspicious of him and worry.
Black Notebook 119

p.19 Meter Joel Barr. B. in 1916. Fellowcountryman. Included on a special secret register. A
bachelor. Radio engineer. Recruited through Sound. One of the most productive probationers
in Liberals group. Currently lives with Hughes, a personal friend.
The probationer is politically developed and conscientious. He is devoted to our cause.
Meter
Sound
p.20 Hughes Alfred Sarant. B. in 1919 in the USA. A radar engineer at one of Corpuss
factories. His parents are Greek, they own a house. He joined the CP USA in 1940. He cut down
on his activities in the Workers party after we established contact with him in 44. Recruited
through Liberal.
Hughes
p.21 Serb Joseph Chmilevski. 26 years old, b. in the USA. Mother is Polish, father is Ukrainian.
Married (Helene). 1 child. A fellowcountryman since 37. He was in Spain from Jan. to Oct.
37. He was wounded, and his right leg was amputated. Prosthesis. Recruited in Aug. 42 by
Volunteer. A radio operator, and a jr. engineer at a sonar laboratory in Camden (Hydro).
Serb
p.22 Until July 44, Serb worked with Twain, whom he knew as Norman. Now handled by
Callistratus, whom he knows as Alex. Hot-tempered personality, shattered nerves. His wife
used to know Twain.
p.23 Senya, Morton Sobell. Fellowcountryman, a bachelor. B. in 1915 in the USA. An electrical
engineer. Recruited at the end of 43 by Liberal. Friends since they were children. Wanted to
leave his job, where he wont be promoted b/c he is a Jew (Hydro). He stayed at our request.
Senya
p.24 Persian Russell McNutt.
108
B. in 1916 in the USA. A civil engineer at the Kellex
company. Married, 1 child. A fellowcountryman; his father a longtime fellowcountryman, a
close friend of Helmsmans.
Persian
p.25 He is well-to-do. Gave materials on equipment used for Enormous. + A floor-plan of camp
No.1.
p.25 Yakov William Mutterperl. B. in 18 in NY to a family of Jewish emigrants from Poland. A
specialist on aerodynamics.
Yakov
p.26 Recruited by Sound on the basis of a lead by Liberal in Apr. 42. Subsequently met with
Twain, whom he knew as Henry. A fellowcountryman since 41. His wife doesnt know.
p.27 Block Stephen Urewich. B. in 13 in the USA. In 40 he got a job at Corpuss radio valve
factory. Not a fellowcountryman. Sympathetic toward the USSR. Married, 1 child. Blocks
parents are from Belarus. Recruited
Block
p.28 by Aleksey in November 42. Since November 43, he has been handled by Callistratus.
Only gives radio valves; no oth. opportunities. $75 a month.
p.28 Arno Harry Gold. Chemical engineer, runs a laboratory for a factory of the Philadelphia
Sugar Company. He has worked with us for about 10 years. The last 5 years group handler.
Arno a devoted probationer, who has proven his loyalty on the job. He was awarded the
Order of the Red Star in 44.
Arno
p.29 His engineering work conflicts with our interests. He was asked to think about starting an
independent cover, for example, his own laboratory.
He has worked with: Gennady, Twain (as Simon), Aleksey (as John).
Black Notebook 120


p.29
Mlad Theodore Hall. Works in camp No.2, a young physicist. With us since Oct. 44. He has
not been tested at work yet, nor has he been studied.
109

Mlad
p.30 He studied at Harvard.

p.30
Star Saville Sax.
110
A friend of Mlads from university. With us since Oct. 44. Too early to
tell if he is valuable. Connected with Aleksey. He has a birth defect missing two phalangers on
all the fingers of his left hand. He is of interest as a courier for Mlad.
Star

p.31
Bir Al Slack. Chemical engineer. At camp No.1 since Dec. 44. Before that at an explosives
factory, and before that at the Eastman Kodak film factory in Rochester, NY. With us since 38.
Valuable materials. Married. Bir uses his wifes aunt to deliver urgent summonses and confidential
reports to Arno. The aunt does not know the true nature of this correspondence (she lives in
Brooklyn). The cover story of Arno and Birs connection a wish to jointly open a private business
after the war. Bir used to be in the CP, but later left. Before Bir joined camp No.1, Arno would
go see him once every month and a half to two months.
Bir
Arno

p.32
Ernst B.T. Darling. Engineer, Ph.D. in physics. Works in rubber at the factory U.S. Rubber
Company in Detroit. With us since the end of 42. Prior to Aug. 44, he worked with Twain;
from Aug. 44 to Jan. 45, he was connected with Aleksey through Berg. Since Jan. 45, he has
worked with Aleksey. Valuable materials on rubber. His wife knows. Used to be in the CP, then
left.
Ernst

p.33
Chrome-Yellow Abe Brothman. Chemical engineer and designer. Currently has his own
planning office. With us since Sept. 41. Gave designs of his own making. Used to be a
fellowcountryman.
Chrome-
Yellow

p.33
Zero Mrs. Leona Oliver Franey.
111
32 years old. Works in the secretariat of the head of the
design office at factory No. 2 of the Bell Company. Has access to secret work. Gives Arseny
materials in return for money.
Zero

p.35
Ferro Alex N. Petroff. 46 years old, Russian. Living in the USA since 22. Kolchak veteran.
Did his doctoral work at MIT. A professor of aerodynamics. Married to a very religious American
woman from Kansas City. Two daughters. With Arseny 2 years ago when they were working
together at the Curtiss factory. Good personal relationship. Arseny occasional rewards, gifts.
Ferro

p.36
His wife does not know. A fanatic. Does not believe in science or medicine. Her daughter cut off
one of her fingers, and she forbade calling a doctor and called a nun instead Family strife. His
wife berates him for working at a factory and making so little money, even though he is a professor.
p.37 Noise Michael K. Cham. 27 years old, b. in Canada, Ukrainian, a U.S. citizen. Works at the
Douglas airplane factory in Chicago. From 42 to 43, he worked at the Curtiss factory in
Buffalo, where he was recruited by Arseny.
Noise
p.38 Armor Harold Smeltzer,
112
31 years old, a U.S. citizen. Graduated from Massachusetts ins-t.
From 39 to 43, he was a division chief at factory No. 1 of the Bell Company in Buffalo.
Armor
p.39 Moved to NY, but the connection was lost.

p.40
Nemo William Pinsly. 31 years old. Aeronautical engineer. Curtiss factory, Buffalo.
Married. Only gives materials to Arseny at the factory. Occasionally gifts. Thinks of himself
as unlucky in his personal life. On 1.1.45, he bought a child in Chicago for $4,000; he spent all his
savings and took out a loan at the bank.
Nemo
Black Notebook 121

p.40 Author Vladimir Borisovich Morkovin.
113
29 years old, Czech. Ph.D. in technical
sciences, an aerodynamics engineer. With Arseny a year and a half. Tech. info. orally.
Author
p.42 Bolt Inoke N. Varie (Innokenty Nikol. Vorozheyka). 44 y.o. Russian. Living in the USA
since 20. Recruited by Arseny in 44.
Bolt
p.43 Told us about a radio-controlled bomb.
p.43 Hong Loren Haas.
114
37 years old. Motor-mechanical engineer at the Bell factory. Hong
p.48 Caliber Liberals brother-in-law. A sergeant, works as a mechanic in camp No.2.
Gives general information about work in the camp. He doesnt know the details, however.
Caliber
p.49 Wasp Calibers wife, lives in Albuquerque.
p.58 Aleksey on the meeting with Arno 27.12.44
Arno hit his head on some sort of pipe at his factory and cut open his brow. Now he has a
black eye and a wound on his brow covered in dried blood. I decided it would be best if he
didnt go to see Bir with his eye looking like that, b/c the mark is too noticeable, and even
suspicious.
Arno
p.59 Anton C (27.12.44)
Your proposal that Arno and Charless sister should meet regularly and more frequently is
unacceptable. Such visits could attract the attention of Cs sisters husband and take an
undesirable turn for us. We do not know her husband well, and we wouldnt want to get an
extra person involved.
Arno
p.75 NY C 19.03.45
Charles told Arno that he had been active anti-fascist in Germany prior to his departure for
England. The Gestapo had a file (in Kiel or Berlin). Ch. is positive that the English did not
know about his past activities, and that this was the only reason why they let him work on
Enormous.
Charles asked us to make sure that when the Gestapo archives in Kiel and Berlin are
seized, his file are confiscated and do not, under any circumstances, get into the hands of the
Islanders. We ask the Home to take the necessary precautions to that end.
We also ask to bear in mind that Charless father is in a concentration camp in Germany
(according to Charles, this camp is located in Pomerania), and that he might end up in
territory occupied by the Red Army. In the event that Charless father is found among the
concentration camp inmates, we think it would be necessary to show him particular kindness
and to inform us of his release so that we can tell Charles.
Arno
p.79 Aleksey on the meeting with Arno 22.01.45
Arno returned in full the money I gave him for Charles. Charles had refused to accept the
money, although he thanked us for the kindness, saying that he was in absolutely no need for
it, and that the money he earns on the reserve is more than enough for him.
Arno
Charles
Black Notebook 122

Moreover, he does not want to sully the idealism of his relationship with us by
introducing an element of material interest into the relationship.
p.81 I asked Arno if he knew Charless position on women. Does he have a fiance, or just
a girl with whom he has a more or less close relationship? Arno said that he had never
spoken at length with him on this subject, and he was even under the impression that
Charles would be unwilling to engage in such conversation.
I explained that the reason I had asked was that I consider all this important for
developing a system of permanent contact with Charles without resorting to unnecessary
risk. For example, if Charles is currently more or less not involved with any women, it
would be a good idea to find him a girl to play the part of an official sweetheart.
Then she could visit Charles on a regular basis and meet him without fear of arousing
suspicion on the part of the authorities if their liaison were discovered. In certain
situations, they could have legal reasons for keeping their relationship secret, and
therefore, the fact that they meet in secret
p.82 could be explained by purely ordinary circumstances, the same ones that force many
liaisons between men and women to be kept secret from society. This girl could, for
example, be the wife of someone in the army or any married woman, which of course
would be reason enough for it to be impossible for them to keep their life together open
and for the necessity to keep their liaison secret. There could be a number of options
here.
Arno promised to discuss this aspect of the woman question with Charles at the next
meeting. I stressed that he should also find out what instructions are given to bachelors
living on the Preserve with regard to their relationships with women. Do they have any
special rules about it; do they have to report every time they come into contact with a
woman, even if the contact is completely casual in nature, etc.
If nothing practical comes out of
115
such a conversation with Charles, it would still be
useful to have this information.
Personally, I think that if a suitable female material can be found, then this means of
setting up regular contact with Charles could turn out to be completely admissable.
Cde. Graurs decision: Explain to Anton that it is unacceptable for A. to engage in such a
conversation with Arno. Why did A. begin to employ such terminology, and moreover in
an official report on a meeting?
Decision: Cde.
Graur: Urgent.
Inform Aleksey
that he is not to
allow such an
initiative without
our permission,
especially with
regard to such
people as Ch.
Black Notebook 123

p.134 NY C 26.06.45
Liberal is rather upset about the fact that he was left without any people, but he fully
realizes the correctness of our plans to break his group up into smaller units. The main
thing with which he currently has the hardest time reconciling is his relative inactivity. At
every meeting, he asks to be allowed to take material out of the factory himself and thus
make himself useful to us.
Liberal
p.144 In response to criticism from home (telegram No. 2421), I think it is necessary to give the
following explanation:
1. The conversation with Arno, where the possibility was discussed of creating a
connection with Charles through a girl acting as Charless romantic liaison, took place at
least three months before the next meeting between Arno and Charles, and did not lead to
any practical action (that is, no actual meddling) before the settlement of this question with
Home. It was also the intention that the girl would be an fictitious liaison and therefore,
this liaison would in reality not have affected in any way the intimate aspects of Charless
life.
2. The discussion of the actual question with Arno (as well as my relationship with him in
general) proceeded in a purely businesslike and completely respectable and straightforward
tone, and was not reminiscent in form of that somewhat overly familiar style in which my
report had been written.
3. All this happened because initially, my reports on my meetings with Arno had been
written as a running commentary for Cde. Anton and were not intended to be sent Home.
Later, however, they were condensed into a single report and sent home in an unpolished
form.
I am taking Homes remarks to heart. Aleksey.
Charles
pp.159-
160
They tried to approach Fermi and Oppenheimer through agents, but without success.
p.229 Anton left in Oct. 45, and his duties were taken over by Arseny. As of 10.10.45, Aleksey
has 13 agents; Arseny 12; Callistratus 15; Light 1. He is requesting that 2 more
people be sent over.
Anton
pp.248-
249
Octane went into the Factory building twice and asked about Gennady. He was told
that they did not know of such a person. Apparently, he had wanted to get a consulting
position, b/c he is currently unemployed.
Gennady
(already
arrested?)
pp.251-
252
19.09.45 Arno met with Charles.
Charles will probably be transferred to England.
Arno describes conditions in the vicinity of the Preserve as far more tense than they had
been during his trip there in June. The local residents, proud that their state has the honor
of developing and testing the first balloon, are particularly wary of people from out of
state.
Charles
Arno
women
Black Notebook 124

The men who arrive there encounter particularly unfavorable conditions. This can be
explained by the fact that cities in New Mexico are filled with the wives, fiances, etc,
of employees of the Preserve and of military personnel located near the aerodrome.
There are so many foreign women that no one pays any attention to them.
pp.297-
299
Callistratuss report on the meeting with Liberal. They noticed that they were under
surveillance. Callistratus draws the conclusion that the surveillance followed
Liberal.
Liberal
pp.317-
319
Alekseys report on the meeting with Arno 12.11.45
They met at 21.00 by the entry of the Main Street/Flushing subway station. Aleksey
said that Hut had intensified its operations. new terms for meetings.
Arno - Charles
p.318 Arno will go to Cs sister and say that Ch. should not meet with him, and instead
should leave materials at his place, and later A. will collect them. His sister will
display a signal visible from the street, signifying that A. may enter. If Ch. is home, the
signal will not be displayed.
2. Arno is summoning me to a meeting in a letter addressed to Painter and signed
Sergey (in English). The letter will be sent from Philadelphia, seemingly from a
sailor who had met Painter in Tyre. The meeting will take place on the fifth day after
the date on the letter, in the mens room of the Bell Cinema movie theater in
Brooklyn, at 9:00 PM sharp. Upon noticing me, Arno will leave the theater and go
outside, and I will follow him.
3. In the event that the invitation to the meeting comes from us, I am mailing him two
tickets to some theater in Tyre. The meeting will take place two days after date of the
performance, at the same location.
Do not summon Bir to a meeting yourself.
p.319 Cancel the meeting with Chrome-Yellow until further notice.
p.352 Callistratuss report on the meetings with Meter and Liberal.
Meeting with Meter 9.12.45. He gave film with the materials. Meter ran out of
film, and they scheduled the next meeting for 12.12. A cipher telegram about Myrna
arrived from C. 12.12. He did not give the film to Meter, saying that he wanted to
see Liberal. Meter should pass on the rendezvous terms: if things are calm at Ls
house, at 23:00 on 15.12, he should send his wife to the drug-store at the end of the
street. The wife should not approach him; she should just buy something and go home.
5 minutes later, C. arrives at Ls. house.
C. left his house to go to the meeting with L. at 18:00. From 19:00 to 19:30, he was
Meter
p.353 in the Brooklyn maternity ward, where his wife was staying. From there to the
Turkish baths on 46
th
Street, where he stayed until 21:40. After that, he checked out in
a taxi, on the subway, and in courtyards on 24
th
Street.
At 23:00, he went into the drug-store and saw Ls wife. She was buying cotton balls.
When she saw C, she went outside. C. drank a cup of coffee and went out as well. In
order to make it seem like he lived at Ls house, he bought bread and 2 bottles of milk.
He didnt run into anybody, and went into Ls house unnoticed.
Black Notebook 125

p.353 We went into the kitchen and immediately got to talking. I asked the probationer whether he
knew any of Sounds friends. He replied that he only knew Sound and Echo. When I asked
whether he knew any women, he at first replied in the negative, but then added that he had an
agreement with Sound: any time he urgently needed to see Sound, L. was supposed to call him
from a pay phone and tell his secretary that he wanted to see him. He only gave his first name
Julius to this secretary. He never met her face to face. He did say, however, that he had
given Sound identifying data for himself, Yakov, Meter, and Nil. This data was typed up, and
therefore it is possible that it never fell into Myrnas hands. It is essential that you locate
this data in the correspondence from 1941-42 and compare the font of their typewriter with
the typewriter used by Myrna. The probationer assured me that Sound was unaware of
Senya, Persian, Hughes, Lens, and Calibers work with us.
Sound
p.355 At the end of the conversation, I informed L. that Sounds secretary (I didnt give her name)
had betrayed us, and that we were very worried about him as a result. I instructed him how it
is necessary to behave in the event that he is summoned before Hut. We decided that he
should deny that he is a member of the fellowcountrymen, because he had already done so in
1941 and again in 1945. If he doesnt deny this now, as it says in your telegram then it
would be illogical. He will also deny that he has ties with Sound and Echo. If he is asked to
give the names of his friends, he will name Meter and Nil, who are old friends of his. He will
also repudiate any photographs and similar documents in which he appears with me, Sound,
or Echo. I gave him very strict orders to burn any notes containing the addresses of
probationers and materials that could be used as evidence of his affiliation with
fellowcountrymen.
Liberal and I agreed that the connection with him will be suspended for 3
1/2
months. The next
meeting is scheduled for the third Sunday in March, 1946, at 8 oclock PM, next to the
Colony theater, 79
th
Street and 2
nd
Avenue. I warned him that someone else might come to
this meeting instead of me. Therefore, I asked him to come to the meeting holding the
magazine Post. Our person should be holding Readers Scope in his left hand. Our
person should approach Liberal and ask him: Arent you waiting for Al? Liberal will
answer: No, I am waiting for Helen. Our person should say: I am Helenes brother. She
asked me to tell you something.
p.9 File 40159 v. 4
Letter C NY 26.01.46
Work with all agents has been temporarily suspended Myrnas case, increased
surveillance, Arsenys case, the FBIs investigation of the neighbors activities.
p.10 Enormous Exceptional significance.
p.11 For this, use factory and store workers who frequent the works.
Black Notebook 126

p.7 File 40159 v. 5
In Aug. 47, a decision was taken to renew ties with several agents.
p.36 C NY 5.02.48
In May 46, in violation of our orders, Arno contacted Chrome-Yellow and joined his
company as a partner. Chrome-Yellow, also in violation of our orders, conducted
negotiations with the Factory (Amtorg?). In 46, both Arno and Chrome-Yellow went to
the Factorys building several times and conducted negotiations with a representative of
Store, the engineer Tveryanovich.
The operative August has been instructed to determine the status of their company.
Arno
Chrome-
Yellow
p.37 Find out their address and telephone number.
pp.50-51 C NY 12.03.48
August was instructed to renew ties with L. To go to his apartment. Conversation in
notes. Schedule a meeting in the city. Determine the whereabouts of Bill (Yakov), Joe
(Meter) and Mody
116
(Senya). Are they willing to work with us?
Liberal
p.60 Dave (Caliber).
p.69 In March 48, Photon was instructed to renew ties with Bugle. Bugle
pp.77-78 Instructions have been given to follow the development of intercont. missiles in the press.
pp.81-82 12.04.48. C. is unsatisfied with the work on renewing ties. Photon is the only
experienced worker on XY. They are not complying with his request to be sent home.
p.9
117
29.01.47
When he completes his studies at the Seminary, Godsend should go back to work at
camp-2. Intermediary is also available.
Godsend
Intermediary
p.86 12.04.48
Intermediary has been working for 2.5 years. Make him a recruiting agent. Intermediary
p.107 C To Claude 19.04.48
Instructions were given to renew ties with Volunteer and Leslie. Volunteer group
handler, extensive connections among veterans, gave leads, recruited Serb. He was in
the army from 42 to 45. Leslie courier, Volunteers wife. She was used to stay in
touch with Mlad.
Volunteer,
Leslie (the
Krogers)
p.118 C Claude 27.04.48
Renew ties with Mlad through Volunteers group. Mlad is completing his studies in
May (doctoral (p.211)). It would be preferable if he were to get a job at camp No. 2 in
Los Alamos.
Mlad
p.128 C To Stepan and August 6.05.48
August was unable to tie together with L. L. refused to speak with him over the phone.
Apparently, L. expects that reactivation will be conducted through Echo. We should act
accordingly.
Liberal
Black Notebook 127

p.130 C To August 18.05.48
Echos Academic (agent? Communist?)
118
activities were publicized in the press. The
traitor Budenz Do not renew ties with L.
p.131 Find Wasp-Caliber and Meter using directories.
p.146 C To Uglov 8.06.48
Operatives and agents (approximate lines of work):
Photon in the Sov. delegation of the UN Econ. Council
Intermediarys (works at Factory (p.194)) group: Relative, Godsend, Godfather
Nata
These are all
desirable, not
actual
p.147 Claude has worked in your office since June 47.
Leslie Volunteers group: Mlad, Star and Serb
Thomas operative in one of Factorys divisions.
Illegal operative Wanda, who maintains a connection with Crab, courier for illegal line
This line has already been created and is being tested to transport materials from our
athletes, while evading our official representatives among the alpinists.
August operative. Division of Factory.
Liberals group: Yakov, Lens, Objective, Nil, Hughes, Senya, Persian, Zenith, Caliber,
Wasp.
p.148 Ties with L. were renewed in May 48.
Gabriel operative . Currently in your office.
Instructions were given to renew ties with Nicks group: Pony, Sandy, Tunic.
Liberal
p.173 C To Uglov 7.07.48
From Augusts meetings with L., it is obvious that while the connection was deactivated, his
group had, for the most part, stayed unchanged and ready to carry out assignments, and that it
has good info. resources.
In view of this, it is essential to take note of the way L. himself behaves; despite the fact that
his connection with us was interrupted for over 2 years, he continued to conscientiously and
faithfully fulfill his obligations as a group handler, to stay in touch with the athletes, lending
them vital moral and material support, and to continue gathering the most valuable tech.
information.
Liberal
Black Notebook 128

p.208 C To Bob 5.10.48
Volunteer has been with us since 38; Leslie since 42.
Mlad and Stars activities on their own while they were deactivated have resulted in a
significant weakening of their position. The advisability of their use is called into question.
Volunteer,
Leslie
Mlad, Star
p.209 Volunteer and Leslie did not obey instructions: to set up a cover for themselves; to maintain
regular contact with Mlad and Star, and to get Mlad to stop working for progressive
organizations (he joined the CP in the fall of 48).
Poor work on the part of their supervisor the operative Claude.
Mlad
p.211 The FBI is investigating Mlads activities in camp-2. The wives know about Mlad and Stars
connection with us.
p.217 Set up an illegal contact line for Ls group in a 3
rd
countrys territory. Liberal
p.228 Letter C To Vladimir 16.10.48
Arno was deactivated in the fall of 45. The last meeting with Aleksey in Dec.46 in NY.
At this meeting, Arno reported that he had been fired from his former place of employment
due to cuts in the staff and had gotten a job with Chrome-Yellow, who was handled by Arno
until halfway through 1945. In doing this, Arno went against our orders to break off all ties
including personal ones with Chrome-Yellow, thereby making a major oper. mistake. This
mistake was aggravated by the fact that, when he went to work for Chrome-Yellow, Arno had
to give him his real name. Previously, when he worked with Chrome-Yellow on our line, he
had given him false information about himself: he had gone under a made-up name, as a
family man with two children, and so forth.
At the meeting with Aleksey, Arno completely acknowledged his fault and promised
Arno
p.219 to mend it with good work. He also promised to leave Chrome-Yellow on a plausible pretext
and break off any contact with him. It should be noted that before this incident, Arno had
always been a disciplined athlete, and that this is the first such problem that he has had.
C. thinks it is possible to renew ties. There is no information indicating that he has been
investigated by the FBI. He was never in the CP, although in his heart he thought of himself
as a Communist.
Entrust Van with renewing ties.
Arno needs to find out from Chrome-Yellow whether he had been questioned with regard to
Myrnas case. If he doesnt know whether he has been betrayed, tell him to deny
everything, b/c the FBI doesnt have any evidence.
p.230 Reactivation with the aid of a letter with prearranged content addressed to his parents.
p.232 Tell Arno that Fuchs was not implicated in anything and that he has left the country.
Black Notebook 129

p.238 C To Bob 28.10.48
The policies adopted by the alpinists in this matter are clearly indicative of their firm
intention to maintain a complete monopoly on Enormous and to use the balloon for the
purposes of aggression against us.
According to our information, the alpinists are implementing an extensive program of research
work and theoretical investigations on E. and frantically working to improve models of
balloons they already have and to create new models.
However, we did not properly cover this important branch of work during the period of
deactivation, and it is still not being covered to this day. Moreover, our opportunities for
receiving information about E. were significantly cut down by the fact that certain athletes
who had previously worked in that field (Mlad, Caliber, Godsend) switched to different jobs
for reasons beyond their control, and some of them (Kemp and oth.) had their identities
completely revealed.
As a result, we dont have essential information at present about the actual status of work on
E. in the alpinists country, and consequently, our work in that field must be deemed
unsatisfactory.
Mlad,
Caliber,
Godsend,
Kemp
p.239 This appraisal forces us to carefully analyze the situation that has arisen in our network and
to eliminate this serious flaw in our work as quickly as possible.
It is completely obvious that we need to start by creating a network of new athletes, b/c
without such a network, we will be unable to carry out the tasks that have been put before us
by the leadership.
Use Caliber, Yakov, Volunteer, and Liberal. + Mlad. We need leads.
Caliber,
Volunteer,
Yakov
Liberal
p.247 C To Vladimir (Wash-n?) 18.10.48
Relatives group was created in 45. It has hardly been used for work and has not been
compromised in any way. The operative met once with Relative and once with Godsend
when they were dismissed in Sept. 45. Since then, the connection has existed solely through
Intermediary. Base a workshop in NY, set up with our money. Ideological affinity of
agents and blood ties: Godsend and Godfather brothers of Relative, who had a major
polit. influence on them.
Larry should tell Intermediary to break off ties with Relative for an indefinite period of
time. Intermediary has been noticed by the FBI. Larry should handle Relative
himself.Relative
Relative
Godsend
Intermediary
p.249 Larry conducted a meeting with Nick on 8.10.48. The latter agreed to begin working with
us again. Assignment to create a group on Enormous. Nick should commence his
studies.
Nick
p.252 C To Bob 18.11.48
According to reliable information, the FBI has become aware of the connection between
Ernie and Franks wife, and they are under surveillance. They are also aware of the
relationship between Ernie and Intermediary. Tell Frank through Ernie and Intermediary that
he should leave the country.
Ernie, Frank,
Intermediary
Black Notebook 130

p.278 C To Bob 7.12.48
We think that Ls intention to close down his business is well-advised It is too cumbersome
to guarantee his uninterrupted work. Recommend to him that he open a new, more convenient
one. The best option a brokerage firm. Or an equipment repair workshop.
We think it would be unadvisable for L. to get a job as an engineer, b/c that would result in a
loyalty check, with all the ensuing consequences,
He is cultivating Liszt and Plumb.
Liberal
Liszt,
Plumb
p.282 Although Caliber has some potential to go back to work at an extremely important
institution that deals with E. camp No. 2, he will not be able to get a position where he
could become an independent source of information that would be of interest to us, owing to
his limited education and area of specialization. He could be far more useful as a courier for
L. or even as his assistant in work with the athletes, especially when L. is unable to meet
with athletes because he is overworked or needs to have a prolonged interruption of meetings.
Caliber works at Ls company. Consider where he should get a job once it closes down.
Caliber
!!
Liberal
p.282 L. reported that Plumb is in school (insert)
119
and is the head of an illegal group of scholars
there. Plumb should be studied in greater detail.
Liberal,
Plumb
p.283 With his help, a group of athletes should be started on (insert), which is of great interest with
regard to E.
August is meeting with Liberal.
p.299 C To Bob 22.12.48
It is essential for August to describe in detail Ls work with agents in his reports. The main
thing the issue of secrecy.
Liberal
p.300 We are particularly worried by the possibility that Liberal still talks to athletes about our
work at his apartment. We have accurate information that the competitors wiretap apartments
belonging to individuals whom they investigate. Therefore, L. should be given another strong
warning about the inadmissibility of such conversations at his or any of the athletes
apartments.
p.301 Intermediary and Ernie had their identities revealed to the FBI during an investigation of
Franks contacts. there is no possibility of using them. Make sure that Frank leaves the
country.
Intermediary,
Ernie,
Frank.
Black Notebook 131

p.472 File 40159 v. 3
C (Victor) To Anton 23.02.45 (hist. document!)
120
The most recent events with L are extremely serious and require us, first of all, to properly
evaluate what happened, and secondly, to make a decision about Ls role in the future. In
deciding the latter, we should proceed from the fact that in him, we have a loyal man whom
we can trust completely, a man who in his practical work over the course of several years has
shown how strong his desire is to help our country. Besides this, in L. we have a talented
agent who knows how to work with people and has considerable experience recruiting new
agents.
We can assume that, besides the reason that was put forward when L was fired about his
belonging to the fellowcountrymen, the competitors could have in their possession oth.
incriminating information about him, including something about his affiliation with us. On
the basis of this argument in particular, we believe that L. should not take any legal action to
be reinstated at his job and should leave this matter to the trade union, which should do
whatever is done for other union members in similar cases. There should not be any pressure
in this regard coming from Ls end.
Although we do not have any documentary information indicating that the competitors are to
any degree aware of his connection with us, we nevertheless, taking into account the
circumstances that preceded Ls dismissal, his exceedingly energetic activity, especially when
he had initially begun working with us, as well as the occasional rashness he showed in his
work, we believe it is necessary to take immediate
Liberal
p.473 action in order to ensure the safety of L. himself, as well as the agents with whom he had been
connected. In order to accomplish this, we proposed in our telegram from 16.II, No. 966, to
relieve L. of his duties as a group handler, reassign his agents to oth. operatives, and sever the
direct connection between our operative and Liberal, reinstating it with the help of a courier.
For this to happen, we think it is necessary to enact the following measures:
1. Reassign Hughes and Nil to Meter, thereby creating a new group headed by
Meter. Neither Hughes nor Nil should know about each others work. Meter should
meet with each of them separately, while observing the strictest caution and secrecy.
Callistratus should meet with Meter to oversee his work and process materials.
2. Senya should be reassigned to our operative Light. It is essential to have a serious talk
with the latter, b/c from his previous work with agents who had been transferred to him
(Peter, Karl), it is obvious that he has not yet become accustomed to his work and does not
treat it with the seriousness it demands. It is essential that you personally check his work with
agents, demand that he regularly submit reports on meetings he has conducted, and give him
instructions for work and demand that they be carried out.
Black Notebook 132

3. Connect Lens with either Light or Photon, as you see fit...
4. Manage the connection between Callistratus and Liberal through a courier, for which
position we recommend that you use Leslie Volunteers wife. In
p.474 response to your query, we have already approved the renewal of ties with her. It should be
noted that she does not have experience in our work, but she has already run small errands for
the station in the past, for instance: contact with Links brother, etc. You should have a
series of instructional talks with Leslie regarding caution and secrecy in our work and also
teach her a number of practical methods for checking oneself when going to a meeting, leaving
a meeting, etc.
5. Reassign Wasp and Persian to Arno.
Before severing the direct connection with L, it is essential to explain to him why it is
necessary to suspend personal contact, and to instruct him about the need to observe caution
and to keep an eye on himself. You should continue to pay him his wages. Warn him not to
make any important decisions about his work in the future without our knowledge and
consent. When addressing him at pres., we should make it clear to him that we are far from
indifferent about his fate, that we value him as a worker, and that he absolutely can and
should count on us for help.
Leslie
p.475 The information we received from Mlad about Preserve and the work that is being done
there confirms that Mladas a probationerand Staras a courierare of great interest
to us.
Beck met with Mlad in October of last year.
Mlad
p.476 The question of Mlad and Star and their potential is so important that Becks report on
his meeting and conversation with Mlad and the quick and entirely correct oper. measures he
enacted to ensure a connection with Mlad, should have been sent to us by telegraph in its
entirety at that time.
We should consider Stars studies as a fairly good option for a cover; therefore Star
should be provided with all possible support to ensure the success of his studies and his
graduation from the university.
Better at the university in Sernovodsk than at Harvard.
p.477 Arnos group.
In view of the situation that has arisen, we have already given instructions by telegraph to
immediately transfer Persian and Wasp from Liberal to Arno. Arno will thus have a
rather sizable group consisting of: Charles, Bir, Wasp and Caliber, Persian, and
Chrome-Yellow.
An indispensable condition of Arnos successful work in these circumstances is the creation
of a cover for him. Only then will it be possible for Arno to travel to meetings with agents;
it is otherwise hard to imagine that the group could work successfully b/c Arno would be
unable to work at his company and be an effective group handler at the same time. How is the
cover coming along?
!!!
p.478 Charless sister Ant. Charles
Black Notebook 133

p.48 File 40594 v. 7
NY C 17.02.45
He (Caliber) was in Tyre from December 30
th
to January 18
th
and obtained the leave to
which he was entitled. During the first five days of his stay in Tyre, no one contacted him.
Meanwhile, Liberal did not meet with any of his probationers for 10 days. Liberal and
Caliber subsequently met at his mother-in-laws apartment, that is, Calibers mother, b/c
Liberals wife and Caliber are brother and sister. After speaking with Caliber and
receiving confirmation of his agreement to send us information known to him about the work
being done in camp No. 2, Liberal gave him a list of questions to which it would be
preferable to get a reply. These were general questions to determine the type of work being
done there.
Caliber holds the rank of sergeant. He works at the camp as a mechanic and carries out
various tasks assigned by the leadership. The actual place where Caliber works is a factory
that manufactures various devices for measuring and studying the explosive force of various
explosive substances in their various forms (lenses). Test explosions are set off at testing
areas (C calls them sites). In order to gain access to one of these areas, one needs a special
pass. C. says that he has observed that there are at least four sites to which they send
various materials and things (see 44 pp. materials). As far as we can tell, these testing areas
are the sites of the research and selection of explosive substances that will impart the
necessary velocity to Enormouss neutrons to obtain fission (explosion). It seems to us that
Caliber himself does not know all the details of this project.
At the end of his report, he lists individuals whom he thinks of as progressive and pro-Soviet.
Liberal,
Caliber
!
p.49 At the end of February, as soon as she gets her RR ticket, Wasp will move permanently to
Albuquerque, which is home to most of the wives of the workers in the camp. In
Albuquerque, Wasp intends to find a job as a secretary. She is a typist/stenographer. She
intends to live there for 6-7 months and return to Tyre for the birth of her child. Before she
leaves, we will get a material and oral password from her, in case the need should arise to
contact her. When she arrives at her destination and finds an apartment, she will inform us of
her address in a letter to her mother-in-law.
We think that having Wasp in Albuquerque will give us the opportunity to make a more
careful study of the kinds of work and people that exist in the camp, and if Caliber has
valuable information, she could come to Tyre and report it to us.
Wasp
p.59 In a telegraphic message from the middle of December, we stated that Arno had left his
telephone number with Charles so that he could be contacted. We did not mention in the
telegram what sort of phone number it was. This was Hudsons phone number, not Arnos.
It would have been a mistake to give Arnos phone number, and moreover, Charles does not
know Arnos real name. According to the terms of the note, Charles was supposed to have
called Hudson at his apartment in the morning. Hudson was supposed to have
Hudson
Huron
121
Black Notebook 134

informed Aleksey of the signal. We do not know on what information you base your
conclusion that we left Arnos telephone with Charless sister.
Your proposal that Arno and Charless sister should meet regularly and more frequently is
unacceptable. Such visits could attract the attention of Cs sisters husband and take an
undesirable turn for us. We do not know her husband well, and we wouldnt want to get an
extra person involved.
Anton.
Feb. 45
Cover names Year of birth Number of children
Anton 1905 1
Arseny 1906 1
Aleksey 1913 2
Callistratus 1914 none
Light 1909 1
Photon
122
1911 2
p.77 On the meeting with Arno 17.2.45
[Prior to this, Aleksey had met with Huron.]
I informed Arno that Charles had called and invited him to visit Ant. Arno was very
pleased to hear this news, and we agreed that tomorrow (February 18), on Sunday, he would
start out for Charless house, so as to arrive there on Monday, when Ants husband wont be
home.
Arno Charles
Huron
p.79 Charles and Arno scheduled the meeting for the first Sunday in June. If there are any
changes, Charles will let him know ahead of time in a prearranged letter or postcard
addressed to Leslie.
Leslie Aleksey
meets with Leslie
(p.83)
p.97 Grouping of probationers as of March 1945 is as follows:
Arseny handles Bugle, Thomas, Zero, Ferro, Nemo, Armor, Noise, Author, Bolt, Hong.
Aleksey handles Arno, Charles, Chrome-Yellow, Bir, Star, Mlad, Persian, Huron, Ernst,
Leslie.
Callistratus handles Liberal, Meter, Hughes, Nil, Serb, Yakov, Lens, Objective, Squirrel,
Block, Wasp, Caliber.
Light handles Senya, Peter, Karl, Davis.
Photon handles Reed.
As you can see, the regrouping is essentially minor among the operatives, but significant
among the probationers. Liberals group was one of the largest groups, but after Liberal
was fired from his new job as an inspecting officer of the AAF signal corps, on account of
Hut allegedly knowing that he was a member of the fellowcountrymen,
Liberal
!
Black Notebook 135

we were forced to suspend Ls activities and completely discharge him of all his connections
in order to avoid failure. Liberal had handled: Lens, Yakov, Senya, Nil, Meter, Persian,
Hughes, Wasp, and Caliber.
In accordance with Centers instructions and our proposals, the group has been broken down
as follows:
Yakov, along with Lenss/Objectives k/k
123
was given to Callistratus for debriefing. Yakovs
materials will be transmitted via Objective to Squirrel; the latter will also be connected with
Callistratus.
Hughes works with Meter. Nil is also being reassigned to Meter. Meter is in his turn
connected with Callistratus.
p.98
!
Persian is connected with Aleksey. Senya with Light. This leaves only Wasp and Caliber,
who are currently in the Preserve, and they can be contacted through any of our new people
using our password.
The following small groups were active in 1944:
Arno - Charles, Bir, Chrome-Yellow; Bugle - Thomas; Star - Mlad, Peter - Karl; Liberal -
Lens, Yakov; Liberal - Wasp - Caliber; Liberal - Meter - Hughes; Liberal - Senya.
p.102 Letter NY C 19.03.45
Problems in our work:
1. One of the problems in our work is a degree of slowness in developing the problem of
Enormous. Even though the office currently has probationers working on this problem
Charles, Bir, Mlad, Caliber, and Persian they are unable to provide all the
information our country needs. We need at least as much quality material as we have on
Air or radars, and this we should strive for as a minimum.
p.103 To this day, we are unable to bring Ramsays cultivation to a conclusion. For half a year we
have been unable to have the necessary people sent to him through Echo. We gave 200
dollars back at the end of 1944 for such a trip, but to this day we do not know of any results.
The temporary loss of contact with Charles from September to February was a dereliction
of duty. Now this connection has been restored once more.
Charles
p.130 Letter NY C 26.06.45
As we informed you by telegraph, the contents of Mlads report that Star brought over were
written out in milk on newspaper. Aleksey had to work hard to make out what it said and
transcribe it. Given how much work we have, such a method of transmitting materials is
extremely undesirable. He was unable to make out some of the words, but there werent many
of them, and the material was on the whole very valuable.
Star,
Mlad
p.131
!
!
Although it does contain some information, Calibers material is unqualified and far from
polished. We believe this is a result of, on the one hand, Calibers insufficient qualifications,
and on the other hand, the unexpectedness of Arnos visit to him, when he did not have
materials ready.
Charless materials are the most valuable. They give a sense of the work being done now and
in a number of instances overlap Mlad and Calibers information.
Caliber,
Arno
Black Notebook 136

p.159 Aleksey on the meeting with Huron 1.04.45
[Aleksey went to see Huron in Detroit.]
Huron has as yet done nothing to renew his acquaintance with Fermi. He has not
written to Goldsmith, or to Fermi himself. His explanation was that he thinks he cant
look for a new job now, and that it would be better for him to stay at his rubber company,
because if he leaves the company, he will inevitably be drafted into the army and
ultimately end up in the army and nowhere else. He explained that there are people on the
enlistment committee where he is registered, who have long had a bone to pick with him
and didnt pack him off to the army only at the companys insistence.
[Huron needs to get a job with Fermi or Goldsmith.]
Huron
p.160 [There has been no success with Oppenheimer either.]
p.212 Letter NY C 12.09.45
In our discussion with Star about his going to meet with Mlad on July 21, we came to the
conclusion that it would be better if someone else went instead of Star. Preferably a young
woman. This was what Mlad himself wanted as well. the meeting would appear more
natural.
Leslie - Mlad
p.213 In Apr., Star was questioned when he got off the bus during a trip.
p.214 We decided to send Leslie. She met with him on Aug. 18. (Mlad asked to have the date
changed in a letter to Star) and received materials.
p.250 Letter NY C 19 Oct. 1945
Caliber and Wasp came to Tyre. In the present mailing, we are sending you Calibers
materials on the balloon.
On September 21
st
, Aleksey met with Caliber in Tyre. The meeting was very short,
because Caliber was supposed to have been home that evening (it was the eve of his
departure), and had gotten out of the house only for a short time. During the conversation,
it was established that Caliber works in the Preserves subsidiary workshops, which
manufacture instruments and devices for Preserve and, occasionally, parts for the balloon.
For instance, the detonators for the fuse of the balloons explosive substance was
manufactured in their workshops,
Caliber, Wasp,
Aleksey
(detonator)
p.251 and Caliber gave us a model
124
of such a detonator. Caliber does not have access to the
balloon itself or to the main workshops. He compiles the information he gives us about the
balloon on the basis of what he hears from his friends who work on the Preserve and who
belong to the personnel that has access to scientific materials (the so-called red button
personnel. Caliber belongs to the blue button personnel, i.e., the subsidiary
personnel).
Caliber has been instructed to compile detailed profiles of people he thinks would be
suitable for recruitment to our work.
In addition, he was assigned to gather samples of materials,
Black Notebook 137

that are used in the balloon, such as tuballoy, explosive substances, etc. Materials
occasionally end up in Calibers workshop.
The next meeting with Caliber (or rather, with his wife, Wasp) is scheduled for December
21 in Sernovodsk. We think Leslie is a suitable candidate for making the trip there. We
asked for approval of this trip by telegraph.
Wasp
p.257 [Chap has been unable to find Ramsay.]
p.346 [In November, Chap learned from his comrade that Ramsay is in Alaska, where he had been
sent after being discharged from work on Balloon.]
Ramsay
p.7 Station Chief Gold Colonel A.E. Vassiliev, Retired Colonel A.A. Koreshkov.
The Y.V. Andropov KI KGB USSR. M-84.
125
Iskhak Abdulovich Akhmerov.
Preface.
A serious flaw in the operation of As station in the USA is the absence of a direct
connection with Center through illegal channels. If relations between the USSR and USA
were to worsen, it would result in the cessation of activity from an illegal standpoint. There
werent any devices for radio transmission. Akhmerov had not been given codes or
cryptographic means. Moreover, it is to his credit that the connection with C. had gone
without interruption.
p.10 Starting out.
In 1933, he studied at an American college in Peking, where he posed as a Turk (Mustafa
Togmach). Many Americans and Englishmen who were studying China. Main assignment
information on Japanese policies in the Far East.
p.11 Resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the VKP (b) from 30.01.30: the need
to gradually transfer the OGPUs intelligence operations to illegal positions
(Chekhists/intelligence officers in the service of the Homeland. M: KI KGB, pp.78-79).
p.12 In 1933, he was sent to the station in Harbin.
He was born to a peasant family in the city of Troitsk, Chelyabinsk Region, on 7.04.1901.
His father died when Iskhak was a few months old. Mother a seamstress who worked from
home. After the death of his grandfather in 1912, Akh. was forced to go to work: an errand
boy at a fancy-goods store, and later a grinder at a printing press. He worked as a farm-hand
for a kulak.
p.13 When the Revolution started, he was a worker at a private company in Kazan. In 1919, he
was admitted to the Communist Party. He worked in the Tatar Narkomprod.
In 1921, Akhm-v is sent to study at the Communist University of the Peoples of the East as a
talented representative of the national minorities, and in 22, he is transferred to the
international relations department at the 1
st
State University (MGU). In 1925 to the
Narkomindel. In 26 to Turkey
p.14
who?
as secretary of the Consulate General of the USSR in Istanbul and Trapezounta. He learned
to speak Turkish fluently + English. He was a co-optee. Carried out the station chiefs
assignments in Constantinople. In 1930, on the recommendation of a worker at the INO who
worked with him, he was transferred to intelligence. In China cover name Gold.
Black Notebook 138

p.18 Route: Moscow Vienna. Switch to a passport, supposedly issued in Constantinople. Issued a Chinese
visa in Rome.
p.21 He had wanted to travel by steamship from there to China. However, tourists and merchants told him
that they usually traveled via the USSR: faster and cheaper. He went to
p.22 the embassy to get a Soviet transit visa, and ran into an INO employee with whom he had worked at
Center. The latter didnt know anything about illegal work of A. He tried to drag him to Ambassador
Poteshkin, with whom Gold had worked at the Narkomindel. Gold barely managed to escape.
p.23 That same day, he noticed that he was under surveillance. He was detained and taken to a police
station. It turned out that they had been instructed to check everyone who went into the Soviet embassy.
At the station, he was issued a carte didentite his first authentic document (for foreigners residing in
Italy). He spent two days in M.
p.29 In 34, he was recalled to Moscow. Center had chosen him to be sent as an operative to an illegal
station in the USA, in order to assist the illegal station chief Boris, who had been appointed to replace
the Soviet intelligence officer Davis, who had died in an automobile accident.
p.30 He left for Geneva in Apr. 34. It turned out that he needed an Amer. entry visa. At the U.S. Consulate
General, they asked for a reference from Swiss citizens. Gold lived in a private apartment, and he gave
his landlords name. He wasnt able to tell him ahead of time. He got a call from the consulate. Later:
I didnt even have time to remember your name correctly. But since they were asking about a Turk, I
decided right away that they were talking about you and confirmed that you were living in my
apartment.
He got a visa the next day.
p.31 He arrived in New York on 23 Apr. 34. With help from the legal station, he obtained identity papers of
a U.S. native who had been born to German parents. To become fluent in English, he enrolled in classes
at Columbia U.
The transition from being a foreign student to being an American in such a large city as NY, with its
population of millions, was not particularly difficult, as it turned out. At Columbia U., I was known
well only to the English language instructor and nine or ten studentsmost of them foreignersalmost
all of whom intended to return to their countries after graduation. It was also unlikely that I would be
remembered from university registration, which was typically done by thousands of people. Therefore,
the only people who could have known me well were one of the instructors and the landlord at whose
apartment I was then living, a Jew by nationality. Thus, there was no particular risk involved. If I had
subsequently run into
p.32 these people by chance, we could have done little more than say hello and goodbye to each other. I
therefore thought that I was not risking much by switching to new identity papers.
Because I knew that I would have to switch to new identity papers, I had made a point of not expanding
my circle of acquaintances, and when I began living under American identity papers, I did not restrict
myself when establishing connections. After adopting local identity papers, I kept my previous cover
for a period of time: I attended classes, where lectures were given on economic, cultural, and
sociopolitical sciences. I was not involved in any other work and therefore had free time at my disposal
to learn the language well, study up on sociopolitical sciences, read magazines, go to libraries, etc.
(Akhmerov. On work in illegal conditions. Shorthand record of the lecture. KI KGB archive, 1954.)
p.32 He had to work independently. Contact with the station chief Boris became difficult, and some time
later he was recalled to Moscow because of his illness.
Black Notebook 139

p.33 Gold met with the agents and it turned out that they did not have any info. opportunities.
Center sent several young workers to the USA.
He finished creating an illegal station by the start of 36. 6 intelligence officers, including 2
women.
Shady agents and those without prospects, such as Leo and his group, had to be weeded
out. Suspicion of fraud.
In order to check up on Leo, Gold set up surveillance using the agents Rita and Valet.
Oth. check-ups.
p.35 Gold began setting up a contact channel via sailors navigating vessels between the USA and
Europe.
p.48 Gold was recalled in 39. The illegal station was deactivated in 40, and the majority of
agents were switched over to the legal station.
p.49 Upon his return, he was appointed deputy department chief of the GUGB NKVD USSR.
p.50 Gold married an American who had taken Soviet citizenship in 39 and become a foreign
intelligence employee.
p.51 Boris had recruited her in
126
intelligence work. Courier with the leg. station in NY. She
was transferred to Gold in 37 as the owner of a safe-house in Washington where Gold would
go to meet with agents. She carried mail from W. to NY. In 39 he requested Centers
permission to leave with Nelly. They consented.
p.53 In Dec. 41, Gold and his wife came to NY via San Francisco. They lived in Baltimore. Until
45. Cover a company that produced fashionable
p.55 ladies wear and hats, which was owned by an agent. He became a co-owner.
p.56 He invested $4,000, and the business grew. He was involved in the companys affairs from
10 to 14.
p.58 In 1942 the threat of the draft. Conscripts were fingerprinted. But he already given them
while arriving in San Francisco under diff. identity papers. Verification through files
exposure. Avoid getting drafted at any price. He obtained doctors notes. At the same time,
his agents were being prepared for transferal to his wife.
p.59 He parted ways with the agent, but with his help he started his own fur business.
p.63 On 6 November 44, Gold was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, and his wife the
Order of the Red Star.
p.66 Exposed Gold, together with his wife and daughter, left for the USSR at the end of 45.
p.68 At the end of the 40s beginning of the 50s, he worked in Switzerland as an Amer.
businessman.
pp.86-
87
They trained illegals in Moscow. Wife English language; Gold behavior, work with
contacts, the life, generally speaking.
p.86 During the 50
th
anniversary (1970) of the intelligence service on the rostrum in the colon.
hall
127
at the house on No. 2 Dzerzhinsky St. A whisper goes through the hall a foreigner.
Black Notebook 140

p.3 File 17690
Nikolay Duche (personal letter). 1.10.35
To our great regret, not only has our work on the line of cultivating White organizations not
improved in recent times, but it has weakened significantly. Clearly this is not a result of evil
intent but of circumstances, which are often stronger than our desires. Leonid, who handled
S/8 and S/16, fell gravely ill. His illness was so sudden and so severe that his doctors
categorically forbade discussing work with him. (Angina pectoris.)
Consequently, there has been no work of any kind with sources for almost a month and half
now, and only in the next two weeks, apparently, will Leonid start to recover somewhat so
that we can arrange to have these sources transferred to a different comrade. Here, however,
we are faced with a major organizational question: are we really going to cultivate the Whites
here in earnest, or are we going to use primitive methods and limit ourselves to S/8s
information? If we are to take this work seriously, we will need someone who will work on it
exclusively. Bear in mind that Leonid was always a temporary worker here, and now he is
leaving altogether and is to be posted home.
Leonid, S/8,
S/16
p.4 Judging from your letter, you were very quick to master the bureaucratic machinery of
administration in the periphery. Cipher telegram why thats the holy of holies and you
flushed it down the toilet. I can imagine how you made our bureaucrats tremble when you
started destroying and burning these relics.
I send my greetings. We await your help. Please write. Yours, Nikolay. 1.10.35.
p.5 Nikolay Duche (personal letter). 1.08.35
Dear Duche,
I was very glad to learn that you had finally moved from a dull province to the very hub and
focus of all business and events.
It goes without saying that as soon as I beheld your vigorous signature under that oh-so-ironic
remark of yours, I remembered all at once those golden days and evenings when we would set
off together for the Kremlins dining hall and wolf down those marvelously delicious dinners.
You understand, of course, that this could only have called to mind the image of those lovely
girls who served us those dinners. This much, I hope, is obvious.
Incidentally, I wanted to remind you that the girl who used to give you two servings of dessert
works (I believe) at the Prague restaurant in the Arbat. Although I have no doubt that even
without my mentioning it, you have managed to re-establish contact, in a bureaucratic
manner of speaking.
And now to come to the point. It goes without saying that the Whites sector is dissatisfied due
to a lack of concrete cultivations on White lines, but there are a number of points to be made
here.
1) Amer. White organizations, in the organizat. scope of their work, do not at all resemble
Black Notebook 141

the ones with which you had dealings in Europe. This is a kind of cesspool, spinelessness,
groundlessness of any undertaking. The internal squabbles between so-called organizations of
various polit. stripes and tendencies is the main thing on which these organizations thrive.
It is difficult to carry on successful cultivation in these conditions.
2) The situation overseas for Whites residing here cuts them off both from the Union and from
the center of Whites operations in Europe, and
p.6 therefore, their desire to coordinate their work with Europe comes up against serious obstacles
a great many resources are needed, but apparently, they are unavailable.
...It goes without saying that none of this lessens the need to intensify operations and, of
course, we cannot limit ourselves to the two agents at our disposal.
128
I must once more
reiterate our grievance against Center, which had been expressed during my stay: we received
no help with respect to potential new recruitment objectives. We sent over a great deal of
S/8s materials containing personal profiles of leaders and Whites who are active here. Some
of these profiles described people who must have relatives in the Soviet Union. We asked that
you verify this and, if possible, obtain letters of recruitment. The sector, displeased with our
work, didnt do a thing.
...Since you are truly an expert on the White movement, whereas I am not well-versed in this
field I await concrete assistance from you in this matter.
As for the Ukrainians, you are in charge of this sector as well, judging from the telegraphic
assignment. Obviously, you have already been informed of our troblov (troubles), as they
say here. You know the story of S/10, that sole agent whom I took on, though he had failed
and been deactivated. From that moment on, we have been entirely without agents in that
sector, which is more important than the Whites sector.
[Leonid had been sent specially to work on the Ukrainians, but he is incapable of doing it on
his own.]
p.7 Thats all there is and you were worried, as they say in Moscow. How do you feel at work
and in your personal life? Youve been playing pulechka, naturally? Or no? I would be glad
to have a more detailed letter from you, addressing all of my questions. I send my greetings.
Yours, Nikolay. 1.08.35
Black Notebook 142

p.144 File No. 55951 v. 1
Resolution of the Committee of Information at the MID USSR, dated 21.09.50
Minutes No. 32
On the progress of the implementation of the Committee of Informations resolution from 23
February 1950, On the state of intelligence work on the USA and measures to improve it.
[It is being carried out unsatisfactorily.]
The Committees resolution to reinforce stations in New York and Washington with qualified
intelligence officers is being carried out in a completely unsatisfactory fashion. Of the 8
experienced operatives who were supposed to be sent to the USA, only 3 people were sent.
Further selection of workers who meet the demands for intelligence work in the USA is being
conducted slowly and haphazardly.
In the six months since the resolution to reinforce intelligence work against the USA was
passed, the Committee of Informations stations in Washington and New York have not been
persistent enough in the matter of recruiting Soviet citizens in the USA for intelligence work.
Operatives in the stations and Soviet citizens who had previously been recruited for
intelligence work falter in expanding their external contacts and acquaintances with persons
p.145 who have access to government agencies that are of interest to Soviet intelligence.
The stations have done virtually nothing to acquire recruiting agents, nor have they shown
initiative in renewing ties with deactivated agents or using agents to infiltrate the State
Department and the apparatus of the American intelligence .
The 1
st
department, 1
st
Derectorate is not being persistent or decisive enough in correcting the
situation that has arisen, nor is it utilizing station workers capable of conducting intelligence
work to their full potential.
p.186 Notes on the concluding section of Comrade V.A. Zorins report at the meeting of Active
Party Members of the Committee of Information on 20 February 1951, regarding the
discussion between Comrade Stalin and a correspondent from Pravda
Comrade V.A. Zorin identified the following tasks on the basis of Comrade Stalins
discussion:
1. Help on the part of the Committee of Information to expose the imperialist aggressors.
Detecting the aggressors secret plans.
2. Seek out and uncover antagonisms in the capitalist countries camp more quickly, in order
to use them in the fight against the enemy.
3. Devote particular attention to exposing imperialist intrigue in the UN, compiling relevant
materials

Black Notebook 143

and enacting necessary intelligence measures.
4. Expedite the reorganization of work to ensure uninterrupted activity by the stations in all
conditions and countries; expedite the mastery of new forms and means of work and new
means of fighting.
Note which forms and methods of work are still our weak points and which of the opponents
working methods we could study, master them critically, and apply them in our work.
Verified:
129
I. Agayants.
p.252 Resolution of the Committee from 23.03.1950
On measures to improve informational work.
In the USA: Designs and practical measures of American diplomacy directed against the
USSR, China, and other peoples democracies, as well as against progressive and national
liberation movements in all countries. Concrete forms and facts of the influence of American
monopolies over the USAs foreign and domestic policies. Political and economic expansion
of the USA. The domestic policy struggle within the USAs ruling circles and their plans
directed against the working class and the Communist Party of the USA. The advent of
reactionary politics in the USA, the fascistization of the ruling clique in the USA.
p.253 Plans and measures of the Atlantic bloc and the Western Union. The Atlantic blocs
strategic plans and conflicting opinions with regard to them among its participants. The
content of secret agreements between the USA and European countries. The financing of
military programs. The USAs future intentions with regard to the federalization of Europe.
Anglo-American and Anglo-French antagonism to this matter.
p.254 Intelligence activity:
In the field of economic information:
1. Plans of the U.S. government and large monopolies in view of the developing economic
crisis in the USA. Economic measures of the U.S. government in the struggle to corner new
markets and to infiltrate the colonies of old colonial powers.
Economic policies of the primary cap. countries vis--vis the USSR and peoples
democracies. Disagreements between the USA and W.E.
130
p.255 The future of the Marshall Plan.
Black Notebook 144

p.301 Resolution of the Committee of Information from 1 March 1951
On the progress of the implementation of the Committee of Informations resolutions from
23.02 and 21.09.50 On the state of intelligence in the USA and measures to improve it.
In the last 5 months, a number of measures have been enacted to eliminate defects.
The practice of intelligence work in this period of time against the main opponent, contrary
to the claims of individual skeptics that it cannot be conducted in the USA, attests to the fact
that with skillful organization and proper purposefulness, this work can be conducted
successfully, and positive results can be achieved.
[Certain progress was achieved by stations in France and Austria.]
p.302 Leads in Amer. colonies, local citizens working in Amer. agencies. Several agents were sent
to the USA.
p.302 The most serious shortcoming in the organization of intelligence work in the USA lies first
and foremost in the lack of agents in the State Department, intelligence, counterintelligence,
and in other most important U.S. government agencies, as well as in so-called business circles,
which essentially determine the foreign and domestic policies of the USA.
Stations in the USA have done practically nothing to acquire recruiting agents. Stations in
other capitalist countries have similarly failed to carry out the Committee of Informations
resolutions in this regard, and have not acquired a single recruiting agent for work in the
USA.
p.305 The Committee of Information calls the attention of the entire operative staff of the central
apparatus and the stations to the need to mobilize all their efforts in order to carry out the
most important assignment of Soviet foreign intelligence the expansion and reinforcement of
intelligence operations against the main opponent the United States of America.
Furthermore, every Committee of Information operative needs to learn unshakably that the
fight against the main opponent will not be a short-term activity, but rather, the main
substance of all our work for a long time to come.
An indispensable condition for the successful resolution of this primary task is that we make a
maximum effort, demonstrate
p.306 persistence, initiative, bravery, and decisively overcome the underestimation of the fight
against the main opponent, a narrow-minded attitude toward it, and avoid unimaginativeness
and inertia in work.

Black Notebook 145

p.342 Resolution of the KI from 10.05.51
On agent infiltration of organizations and agencies of major capitalists.
It is well known that bourgeois governments are the political salesmen for capitalist
monopolies, that influential political posts are divided up among the proteges of these
monopolies, and that the domestic and foreign policies of bourgeois governments are essentially
determined by the large monopolies. The billionaires and millionaires of the USA, England, and
France have reactionary governments in their hands and direct them (Stalin).
Acquire agents in exclusive salons, clubs, Masonic lodges, unions, and industrialists and
bankers associations.
p.4 File 35112 v. 5 (1938)
Gennady C 25.01.38
Problems between leg. and illeg. stations they are winning over sources. Jung, supposedly,
had his sources on White Guard organizations and Trotskyites taken away. Jung intended to
report all this to C. and insist on his rights.
Jung
p.5 Gennady C 25.01.38
Morris works in the War Department. In the middle of 37, in connection with work that had
been assigned to him, he was granted special authorization to access the War Intelligence archive.
This permit expires at the beginning of 38. Our underground agent Brit has been connected
with Morris from the very start of his work.
Morris -
Brit
p.6 In view of provocation within the Comparty, Sound was instructed to compile pertinent
materials. Sound was unable to carry out his assignment. The problem is that, given the
position he occupies within the organization, it is very difficult for him to illegally gather
information about members of the Central Committee and Politburo.
Sound
p.9 Returning to the question of materials on provocation within the leadership of the local
fellowcountryman organization, we must once again bring to your attention the fact that the
source Sound is unlikely to be able to verify the question about the provocateur that is of
interest to you. Sound could carry out our assignment very effectively, if he were allowedat
the very leastto let Browder in
Sound

Black Notebook 146

on this task, enlisting his active help and support on this basis. After all, one ought to
remember that it is practically impossible for Sound to take an interest in documents
and facts pertaining to members of the Politburo and the Central Committee of the
local Communist Party without the good offices indicated above. Perhaps you will
think it expedient to inform Browder some other way.
Browder
p.8 Morris obtained:
a) materials of Amer. War Intelligence on the activities of Russian White Guard
organizations in Manchuria and China (report from intelligence agent in China).
b) top secret material on the so-called partisan movement in Siberia (from an agent
in Warsaw).
c) on the internal economic and polit. situation in Germany.
He obtained them at the end of Jan. 38.
+ Materials from the archive of the Justice Department, in particular, the FBI.
Morris
p.16 Letter Gennady C 13.04.38
Morris had also been recruited for work on the provocateur within the Comparty. In
the archives of Amer. intelligence, he found two of the provocateurs reports. The
first on a conference of the leading workers of the Comparty
Morris
p.17


in Chicago on 18 Jan. 38. The second a conference of the senior leaders in Detroit
on 1.09.37, which was attended by 8 members of the local Central Committee: J.
Stachel, R. Hudson, William Weinstone, N. Sparks, W. Mortimer, E. Hull, W.
Penter, and B. Gebert.
131
Because in the process of investigating this affair, we studied the autobiographies of
most of the members of the Central Committee of the local fellowcountryman
organization and, in particular, of the aforementioned participants in the conference,
we automatically narrowed the candidacy down, by process of elimination, to William
Weinstone.
Sound was instructed to obtain biographical information about him. 42 years old.
From 29 to 30, he was the district organizer for NY. In 31-32 delegate in the
Amer. section of the Comintern in Moscow. Returned in 33. Serious disagreements
with Browder. From 34 to the pres. leader of the Michigan organization, which
has its center in Detroit.
According to the source Sound, Weinstone had been close to Bukharin and Stasova
when he was in Moscow.
William Weinstone
Sound
Underlined in the file
p.23 Gennady C 13.04.38
Luiza
132
came to the Communists with a request to learn the fate of Boris
Vinogradov, her close, familiar friend. She is supposedly writing a book about her
life and intends to mention him in it. She asks how Vinogradov had worked with her.
Luiza (Liza Martha
Dodd)
p.24 Handwritten note on the document (someone in C.): A letter from B. Vinogradov
should be taken for her. Another
Black Notebook 147

note: Entrust contact with Luiza to a worker whose failure would not be very
damaging to us; if L. is not giving valuable materials leave her alone.
Liza
p.23 Also: Before contacting her, it is extremely important to determine a key fact
about her previous work, namely: was she a deliberate accomplice in work with
Vinogradov, and if not, did Vinogradov use her without letting her in on the
nature of the work.
p.30 NY C 25.05.38
Having been informed that Vinogradov denies Lizas participation in his
criminal activities, we have decided to contact her. Igor will establish the
connection.
Liza - Vinogradov

Vinogradov diplomat, co-
optee, there is a file on him
p.45 Nikolay C 29.06.38
Igor contacted Liza on 15.VI. Lizas first question to Igor was, What
happened to Vinogradov? Was he arrested?
Igor replied that Vinogradov works in Moscow, and that he was surprised at
Lizas question. To this, Liza said that she had asked that question because
she had not heard anything from Vinogradov in over a year. Vinogradov had
promised to marry her as soon as he obtained permission in Moscow, and
naturally, she had been waiting to hear from him. Now she wants to know
what she should do about her domestic life should she wait for Vinogradov or
get married? She decided for herself that it was useless to wait for
Vinogradov; she came to this decision following a conversation several months
ago with the embassy counselor Umansky, who, it seems, had told her frankly
that, first of all, he didnt know what had happened to Vinogradov, and second
of all, he does not think that he would be able to marry her.
She has a fianc at present; she wants to know what she should do could she
send an inquiry to Vinogradov by telegraph? If Vinogradov reaffirms his
promise, she will wait for him and turn down her fianc. Her fianc Adolf
Stern, 40 years old, a Jew, a man of independent means, who had helped the
Comparty with money when he was in Germany a couple of years ago. A
liberal; at present, he has received an offer to work at the New York Housing
Commission. She does not think her marriage would get in the way of her
work with us, although she is not altogether sure what she should do.
Liza Vinogradov

Black Notebook 148

p.48 Sounds attempts to identify the provocateur were unsuccessful.
The problem is that obtaining such materials naturally required the approval of the
head master of the local fellowcountrymen. Sound came to him for permission to
obtain these materials. Sound did not know the real reason for our interest in these
materials, but when he started talking about these materials with the master, the latter
said: Tell your friends that I came to an agreement about everything when I was in
Moscow; Im taking care of this business myself, and I will bring it to a conclusion.
All the materials were compiled by me and will be sent to the proper destination.
Morris deactivated. [Evidently, in connection with Brits defection.]
Sound Browder
Morris
p.32 Nikolay C 28.06.38
[Nikolay thinks that Jung should give the work on the Trotskyites over to him.
Otherwise unnecessary expenditure of energy, possibility of dangerous collisions,
because Jung does not know our agents and we would not know his.
Jung Trotskyites
Joint letter
p.33 On our work here with regard to big politics
Having worked in the USA for almost 5 years and studied, to a degree, the political
nature and customs of people in the political sphere, I have come to the conclusion
that as of today, we can and must set ourselves the task of working in the sphere of
big politics.
Because they attach immense significance to the USA as the most important factor in
political and economic affairs, all of the worlds major countries spend enormous
sums of money in this country on propaganda (in the broad sense of the word), using
radio, the press, and oth. instruments of propaganda, as well as on bribes for political
figures in the government, senate, and congress.
The fact, cynically expressed by Crook, when he said that he worked for Polacks and
Englishmen, is characteristic of this country. To us, this is baffling, but here it is
normal.
Every senator and congressman works for somebody, either for some monopoly or
other, or for some countries or other; not, of course, in the sense of stealing
documents and giving them to foreign intelligence officers, but in the context of big
politics.
Crook
p.34 There is a known group of congressmen that one way or another raises, at every
session of Congress, the question of Soviet propaganda, of the need to sever ties with
us, etc. It isnt hard to see that the Germans or the Japanese are behind them. The
English have their people, and so forth.
There is a large-scale operation underway to bribe the press. It is common knowledge
that before the USSR was recognized, Hearst and his publishing company led a
campaign for its recognition and was the most decent pressman in the USA,
portraying the USSR in the best possible light. He had counted on getting millions
after it was recognized, but we didnt give him a thing. He then went to Germany,
and says that in addition to a medal,
Black Notebook 149

he received several million dollars from Hitler and led a pro-Hitler and virulently anti-Soviet
campaign. This is not to say that Hearst is by nature not a Fascist, only that until 1934, the
Hearst press here was of decent quality.
From time to time, there appear in the radical-liberal press exposs of Japanese operations
with regard to bribing the press, etc. Germany expends enormous resources here to organize
the German nationalist elements and conducts extensive propaganda amongst the German
population of the USA, which numbers several million people here. They publish Fascist
German newspapers. The Italians and even the Polacks do the same here. We, on the other
hand, and our embassy dont do a thing here.
The embassy limits itself to receptions where they drink Russian vodka and eat caviar;
this is the extent of our propaganda. I believe that everything that can be done here by others,
p.35 can and must be done by us. I would go so far as to say that our objective situation here is
better than that of other countries, namely:
a) The organization and intensification of anti-Japanese sentiments, and through this, the
formation and financing of certain contacts. In this country, with its sweeping anti-Japanese
sentiments on every level of society, this is a very advantageous starting point for our
operations.
b) Work among Jewish political circles on the basis of anti-Fascism and anti-Semitism. It is a
known fact that bourgeois Jewish political figures play a major role here in the countrys
politics.
Our internationalism and the Stalinist solution of the national problem in the USSR is met
with broad approval and sympathy in Jewish circles. This could be put to brilliant use in our
interests.
c) In recent times, side by side with the aggravation of reactionary politics in the country,
there has been an activization and consolidation of the democratic front, which is made up of
liberal, radical, and even Communist elements.
The growth and consolidation of so-called industrial trade unions (John Lewis), which now
contain up to 4 million organized workers all this creates preconditions for the entry into the
Senate and Congress of people capable
p.36 of directing and influencing U.S politics in the direction we need.
Working from these three foundations, we could get to the point where there could be any
number of people (ours) in the lawmaking departments of the USA, who, with their speeches
and their work as a whole, would influence the politics of the USA.
d) The press. Besides the pathetic Russian Voice and New World (publications of the
Amer. Comm. Party), there is currently nothing pro-Soviet in this country. Circulation of
25,000 issues. Politically ignorant, and even illiterate in the sense of Russian language. Not
distributed outside of New York. At the same time, there are between 2 and 3 million Russian
emigrants in this country (not White Guard members). These are emigrants from tsarist
Russia, who fled for various reasons

Black Notebook 150


and who now follow the life of the USSR very closely, think of it as their homeland, rejoice at
its successes, etc. Work among these emigrants could have an enormous effect. These are,
after all, many millions of voices, and with proper work they could be sent down the necessary
path.
We need to create our own press here. We need to buy an American publishing house
wherever it can be done (and it can be done) and start conducting real propaganda. There is
no need to be afraid of the word propaganda. Everything should be skillfully organized
and this can be done hereso as to make it foolproof, and everything will be fine.
p.37 [All work should be carried out in conjunction with the plenipotentiary representative and
trade representative.
In this regard, Lizas brother, who is running for Congress on the Democratic ticket, is of
particular interest. He is known to us as a radical-minded individual.]
We think that even now, before he is elected (later it will be more difficult), it is essential to
recruit him and help him with money for the election campaign. Perhaps he wont be elected,
but this is a risk we have to take. Send instructions by telegraph.
p.37 Passport work.
[We need a completely independent station operating underground.
p.38 We have no choice but to work through Sound, i.e. party contacts, which is, of course,
undesirable and dangerous.]
...The situation at large is such that we need to hurry. After a certain purge of our staff,
people will apparently be sent over now at a fast rate; meanwhile, we do not have the
resources in order to provide these people with good books and covers.
Sound
Purges
p.40 [Nikolay is requesting to be replaced. He has become a target of criticism on the party
line.] I dont attend meetings or clubs; nor did I enter into an agreement on socialist
competition. All this, of course, could only have resulted in the fact that the Party community
is in some form or other blackening my name.
[It was possible to solve this problem with the previous party leadership.]
Cheka
party
p.41 The re-elections took place recently. 9 people were elected to the Bureau: all new, including
the secretary. The organizations activity, in the social-party sense, has increased many times
over. My own situation in terms of time constraints and high levels of stress has also
increased many times over. I have already received an invitation from the secretary to visit
him for a discussion. Its obvious what this discussion will be about, and its also obvious to
me that I cannot change a thing. The only way out I can think of is to leave this place.
[Oth. reason severe exhaustion and anxiety.]
Let me add that my wife and I are both very upset over being separated from our son, who is
being raised by two old people who are incapable of providing him with a proper upbringing.
When I came home last year, I

Black Notebook 151

encountered the extremely unfortunate results of the old peoples upbringing. All theseas I
see itvery serious motives give me reason to hope that you will do everything in your power
to have me quickly replaced.
p.61 [C. did not recall Nikolay. He was very upset. He had hoped that at least his wife would
leave in Sept/Oct. of 38.]
p.72 Letter NY C 14.09.38
With regard to the matter of setting diplomatic intelligence in motion, we have written to you
that we are continuing to look for means of approach to the State Department.
[We are expecting information from Liza regarding contacts.]
At present we are looking for means of approach to four persons in the State Dept: 1) Roy
Veatch aide to assistance of the State Dept.; 2) Yost, an employee of the State Dept.; 3)
Robert Hiss an employee of the State Department; 4) Al-drich Trade Division of the State
Department. According to our information, these are progressive people who regard our
country approvingly.
Dip.
intelligence
Liza
p.76 [Liza had wanted to go to the USSR to look for Vinogradov, but Igor talked her out of it.] Liza
p.101 [Liza brought a letter from the U.S. Ambassador to Spain, Bowers to her father (former U.S.
ambassador to Germany.]
Liza
p.102 In sending you the Russian translation of this letter, I would like to call your attention to the
major political interest of this letter, which characterizes Bowers himself in a very positive
light. I think this letter can serve as the starting point of a serious cultivation of Bowers with
the intention of recruiting him.
p.104 [Sounds wife was in Moscow. The Station asked C. to help her get a job.] Sound is
very anxious about this.
Sound
p.105 On underground agents.
a) Yuz Yuz has been completely thrown off balance by his uncertain situation, and he
is extremely nervous. I think at the very least he needs to be informed of the state of affairs
with regard to his use and receive replies to the inquiries he sent by telegraph.
b) Smith Smiths situation is even more abnormal in view of the fact that, not only has
he not been given a reply to his inquiry, but he has even been left without money. Although
his estimate is worth a thousand dollars a month, he was left entirely without money in
November and December. I had no choice but to lend him money. The last time Smith
came to New York, he said that he only had 5 dollars. Smith is very worried, as a result of
which he suffered a heart attack.
Illegals
Black Notebook 152


p.117 Letter NY C 1.12.38
Since becoming the wife of a millionaire, Liza has experienced significant changes in her
lifestyle: she lives in a luxurious apartment on 57
th
Street in New York, has two servants, a
chauffeur, and a personal secretary. She is very excited

Liza
p.118 about her plan to travel to Moscow as the wife of the American ambassador. According to
her, her husband is ready to give 50 thousand dollars to the Democratic Party fund if that post
is promised to him. He hasnt heard anything concrete yet. He is currently seeking a means
of getting to President Roosevelt through Wall Street. We already wrote to you that so far,
his chances are very low.


p.256 Center To Gennady 9.06.39
From the moment that the London conference of representatives of Arab countries (held at
the beginning of this year) issued a resolution on the Palestinian question and the turning point
in this regard in English politics in favor of the Arabs forced the Zionists to shift their focus to
America and to offer the services of the Zionist apparatus for espionage work in return for the
protection of their interests in Palestine.
For this purpose, in February of this year, a representative of the Zionist movement, the well-
known Zionist leader Chertok, was sent to New York for talks with American leaders.
We are aware that until recently, the Zionist organizations were used foreign (in particular,
English) intelligence to conduct counterrevolutionary and espionage operations against the
USSR.
Please report on Chertoks visit to America, on the results of his negotiations, and on the
attitudes in Zionist circles with regard to the conference.
Zionism
p.277 Gennady Center 6.06.39
[We received material pertaining to the time when Ilf and Petrov were in California and when
Galkovich served as General Consul in San Francisco.]
This material is from the secret division of the local police there, from which it is clear which
methods were used by Amer. intelligence both for surveillance and provocation. The leader
was an American intelligence agent Captain .
133
Intelligence operations around the
consulate and Soviet people arriving here were conducted by involving the Soviets in the
affairs of the local fellowcountryman organization there and introducing them to its members.
As part of the ruse, a special house was rented where our Soviets would meet with alleged
Amer. Communists and inflammatory speeches were made. From the materials, it is obvious
that a woman had been recruited for this as well.
Ilf,
Petrov
Black Notebook 153

p.358 C To Gennady 5.08.39
We think that at present, it would be expedient to renew ties with Morris. Now in particular,
the American intelligence documents he gave could be of great interest to us.
Taking into account the fact that Morris might have been betrayed by Brit, it is essential to be
very careful when renewing ties with him and to keep up the connection infrequently. One
meeting per month is quite enough, and these infrequent meetings could be arranged in a way
that would preclude failure.
It is essential to send someone local to contact Morris, rather than contact him directly
yourself.
Morris
Brit
P.388 C To Gennady 23.9.39
On preparations for the presidential election.
In view of the preparatory election campaign that is underway in your country, we are setting
ourselves the task of helping bring to power a president who supports the policies of the New
Deal and at the same time keeping the reactionariesopponents of Roosevelts policies
from power. Hence, it will be essential to gather compromising materials on the latter.
With such materials at our disposal, we could, by publishing them in the press, compromise
any candidate who opposes the current presidents policies.
In order to carry out this assignment, you will need to do additional work on the following
questions at once, which will have to be coordinated with the specific on-site situation.
a) Which agents can you recruit for this work, besides Liza, President, and Crook.
b) Immediately identify all the candidates who might run for president.
Line A
(Roosevelts
election)
P.389 c) What specific publications can be used for this purpose, and what specific work will have
to be done to that end.
d) What resources will be needed in order to conduct this work.
Report your ideas to us in your next mailing or by telegraph, so that we can draw up a
concrete plan of work on this line.


Black Notebook 154


p.26 Young Woman
Alice Barrows Troyanovskys contact. In charge of the Public Education Division of the
Department of the Interior. She gave him info. on the polit. line, which she received from
someone in the Justice Department. Troyanovsky does not know him. We agreed with Tr.
about switching to our line.

Young
Woman
p.43 The cover name was given in June 38.
p.111 Gennady C 1.12.38
According to information from Sound, Young Woman is a member of the local
Comparty. The connection between her and Troyanovsky was known here and censured by
local party circles. It is worth noting that Young Woman fallen into a kind of habit of
associating with Soviet representatives, attending dinners given at the embassy, attending
official functions, etc. Before Troyanovsky, she had maintained personal contact with
Skvirsky. From Skvirsky she went to Troyanovsky.
p.171 Gennady C 2.02.39
[C. has ordered that contact with Y.W. be cut off in view of her membership in the
Comparty.]
Comparty
p.80 Crook NY C 14.9.38
[He was vice-chairman of the commission for the investigation of anti-American activities in
1934. However, Dies has now given him to understand that he has no need of his services.
When it became obvious that Dies would direct work against the Communists as well, C.
was told of the need to speak out against him in the press. When Congressman Arthur
Crook
p.81 Healey left the commission, C. took the opportunity to speak out (he had previously refused).
He also wanted to make a speech on the radio. He gave us the text ahead of time (p. 110).
p.83 It is known from various sources that over the course of several years, C. conducted
intelligence work against the Fascists. He had agents
p.84 in Fascist circles. He later identified these agents (three of them).
p.108 NY C 1.12.38
C. was reelected to Congress. We received from him a list of Nazis in the state of New Jersey
(75 people) and California (117 people).
p.136 C To Gennady 11.02.39
He gave shorthand records of Dies Committee meetings. Information about Fascists and the
work of the authorities with regard to the Comparty.
This portion of the stenographic records is also of interest because it allows us to identify a
number of provocateurs, Trotskyites, police
p.137 agents, and at the same time to gauge the extent of potential failures and problems for the
American CP resulting from the work of the Dies Committee.
Black Notebook 155


p.137 [We think it would be expedient to use C. for:]
a) organizing the failure of the Dies Committee, utilizing all resources to have the functions
of the Dies Committee transferred to Crooks committee. In the event that the Dies
Committee is not sabotaged and its powers are extended, we will set before Crook the task
of getting himself onto the staff of the Dies Committee.
[b) Covering the activities of Fascist organizations
c) Profiles of public figures and high-level government employees.]
Crook
p.161 Letter NY C 2.03.39
In the course of almost two months that Congress has been in session, we have become
thoroughly convinced that Crook does not have the means to obtain valuable and interesting
political information or to work on our behalf in Congress.
Crooks connections in Washington are very weak, he has a poor understanding of current
political affairs, he is always badly informed, he does not know people well, and he is unable
even to furnish us with an intelligible political profile. He is given to error in his evaluations
of political and internal affairs.
[He was unable to provide information as to who would become the U.S. ambassador to
Moscow, even though the appointment had already been made.]
p.162 C. was not included on the Dies Committee. He wants to pass a law through Congress that
would grant him the same functions that the Dies Committee has.
p.163 C. is in charge of a committee on emigration and deportation. If he were able to get the law
passed, he could conduct work on Fascists and espionage organizations.
p.164 [Began withholding money. Paid Dec.s wages in Jan., and have not yet paid Jan.s and
Feb.s wages. Told him that he hasnt done anything.
p.165 C. objected that he is constantly carrying on explanatory work in Congress among
congressmen about the fact that Fascist countries are the enemies of the USA. + speeches.
We do not think it possible to continue paying Crook 1,250 dollars a month just for his
anti-Fascist speeches and are in favor of implementing changes in our relationship with him.
We propose checking him again, and for that purpose, making an effort to switch him over to
a system of payment per completed assignment.
p.237 Gennady C 14.04.39
[Did not give money. C. was very indignant and demanded money. Ultimately, he admitted
that he had not worked hard enough.
After he promised to reform, we gave him $500 toward his wages for March; the
remaining sum we decided to withhold for a while, so that he will be forced to work. He was
extremely displeased with this turn of events. He raised once more the issue of the system of
receipts. When producing receipts, he would attempt to pull outrageous stunts. At first, he
did not indicate on the receipt how much money he had received, nor did he put the date.
When we brought this absent-mindedness to his attention, he put the date, but instead of
putting 1939, heas if by accidentput 1929. At our insistence, he corrected the year at
once. He is constantly trying to pull similar stunts, because ever since a certain
Black Notebook 156

law was passed about the registration of individuals who receive money from foreign
p.238 governments, Crook has been very much afraid of producing receipts and has resorted to
various ruses to make the receipt defective.
p.238 [Gave materials from Congress regarding the discussion of the War Department budget for
1940. Transcripts of meetings of the budgetary subcommission. Reports of the Secretary of
War, Chief of Staff, various generals and officers.]
p.241 [Crook has been in Congress for 17 years.]
p.247 C NY (no date)
[We cannot agree with the negative evaluation of C. He has connections he has been elected
to Congress for the 8
th
time.
p.249 Igor is having difficulty handling C.]
p.250 He is, after all, a man of some social standing, and the means of approach to him should be
somewhat different than it would be for any ordinary agent. Igor was obviously unable to
handle this task. Now that we have received a number of receipts from him, we need to meet
him halfway and stop taking receipts from him. Because the business with the receipts is very
important to him, it would be better for us to show that we trust him, which according to him
we have not done.
p.269 Gennady C 6.06.39
We first came across Crook in 1937, when we were obtaining a passport for the underground
agent Bubi. We obtained a quota for Bubi through Crook, by bribing Crook and his
people. Around the same time, we learned through Crooks secretaries
p.270 that in fact, he was in charge of a gang of criminals that engaged in various shady activities,
selling passports, transporting people illegally, naturalization, etc.
...Our opinion of Crook has not changed. We still consider him a consummate racketeer and
blackmailer.
p.272 According to our information, Enemy has written a detailed deposition for the Dies
Committee. Dies plans to use these materials for his anti-Soviet plans. We instructed Crook
to get this material for us. The latter promised to try.
Enemy
p.369 Letter NY C 22.08.39
[Crook gave materials from May 18
th
to June 1
st
from the Dies Committee .]
Enclosed with the item about Enemy, we are sending materials on film about Enemy, which
were received by Crook at the Department of Labor. In the letter, which is addressed to
Crook, a member of the Committee on Emigration describes in detailin reply to an inquiry
by Crookthe whole story of Enemys departure for America and the role of the Dies
Committee in postponing his deportation from America.
Crook,
Enemy
Black Notebook 157

The material is documentary.
p.370 [Crook reported that Dies wants to look into Amtorg.]
[Paid him his wages for April-June. Took his receipts.]
We have not paid him for July yet, and we do not intend to pay him for the time being,
because he is not fulfilling the obligations he took upon himself.
p.371 [Details about Enemy. The role of Don Levine.]
p.166 President
Letter NY C 2.03.39
[President received information about Roosevelts plans through congressmen with whom
he is acquainted. The struggle against conservative Democrats. Congressman from
Washington state, Coffee discussion with Roosevelt.
President
p.167 New Deal supporters should seize control of the Dem. Party at the upcoming conference. If
they dont succeed, then form a new party with the help of a rift made up of supporters of the
New Deal and progressive elements. The architect of the plan active member of the Dem.
Party, Costigan (according to our information, a member of the Comparty).
Senator Pepper told President about his conversation with Roosevelts wife. She thinks
Roosevelt should run for a third term].
p.186 Gave documents from his fathers personal archive.
p.187 Established contact with Helen Fuller, an employee of the Department of Justice. Liberal
views. She said:
Hoover director of the Bureau of Investigation is a consummate Fascist, who with the
help of the Bureau of Investigation, is building a Fascist machine across the whole country.
He is a man with great political ambitions, and is very dangerous for Amer. democracy.
Hoover maintains files on almost all polit. figures, congressmen, senators, and businessmen.
He compiles compromising material about everyone and uses it for the purposes of blackmail.
At the examination of the most recent allocations for the Bureau of Investigation Hoover
blackmailed those congressmen who attempted to speak out against an increase in allocations
for his agency. Moreover, where some of them were concerned, he even used instances of
casual sexual liaisons. For his staff, Hoover picked 100% fascists.
We came to an agreement with President that he would try to become friendly with this girl
in order to receive information from her on a regular basis.
p.267 NY C 2.05.39
[President is temporarily working in NY at the Southern Council for Human Welfare. At
the Stations insistence, he is trying to secure a meeting with Secretary of the Interior Ickes in
order to get any job he can. The conversation with him will be a test to see how Roosevelts
people treat President. If it doesnt work out, we will give him a directive to try to join the
leadership of the Dem. Party.
Calls to mind
Michael
Straight
Black Notebook 158

p.329 Enemy
C To Gennady 7.07.39
We informed you by telegraph that it is essential to organize work on Enemy on having him
deported from your country. According to U.S. law, because Enemy came there on a one-time
visa, he cannot remain there as a permanent resident and must leave in order to receive an
emigration visa at one of the American consulates in another country. It is essential
Enemy
p.330 to pursue a simultaneous line in order to stand in the way of his reentry into the USA as an
emigrant, b/c then his deportation would not achieve its goal.
[In New Masses an article in favor of Enemys deportation.]
p.331 We informed you that we do not object to having New Masses continue its campaign. We
never forbade this in the first place; we simply wanted to know on whose initiative this
campaign was started.
Everything should be directed at having Enemy deported from your country, and the campaign
in the magazine ought to help in this regard.
We are discussing the possibility of publishing compromising material about Enemy and, it is
possible that we will send you the results by telegraph even before this letter is received.
We are unable to oversee the campaign directly from here,
p.332 because it takes too long for us to receive articles, and it is difficult for us to follow the
dispute. For instance, we do not have the very first article that appeared in New Masses,
only the second one, and we do not know what was written there. You have been given the
general instructions, and they will have to be adhered to.
We will have to assume that Enemy betrayed Peter and his wife, as well as the agent Ernst,
who was recruited by the latter two and who works in Europe, but is at pres. in the USA.
[You should set up a reverse connection with them, so that they can find you easily. Pre-
arranged conversation over the telephone.]
Peter
and wife
p.346 Gennady C 28.07.39
On your instructions, we demanded from Crook to arrange for Enemy to be deported. His
first reaction was to try to prove to us that it was impossible under American law to deport a
foreigner who entered the country legally. Under pressure from us, he agreed to find out the
legal aspects of Enemys case in greater detail; he delayed this matter
Crook,
Enemy
p.347 for a long time, and at last said definitively that it was impossible to deport him. Under a
great deal of pressure, he finally agreed to write an inquiry to the Department of Labor
regarding the reasons for the Department of Labor having granted Enemy an extension on
his visa. Crook wrote the letter and gave us a copy, though not without resistance (it is
enclosed). Supposedly, he has not yet received a reply to this letter. We would not be
surprised if it turned out that he never sent a letter to the Department of Labor to begin with,
and had prepared the copy especially for us. At the most recent meeting on 21.07, Crook
assured us that he had received information from a Department
Black Notebook 159

of Labor employee named Shenssy, according to which Enemy has only 60 more days to
live in America, and that he would not be granted any more extensions. Moreover, he tried to
prove that his letter from 12.VII should play a decisive part in this regard. If Enemy does
not leave the country before the visa expires, he will supposedly be deported.
p.169 NY C 2.03.39
By way of preparing for his election campaign, President plans to start a small weekly
newspaper in his state. It is possible that this newspaper will be published on behalf of the
League of Democratic Youth, of which President is being nominated chairman in the State
of Virginia. President does not have money of his own. The money will have to be raised.
We think it is essential to give him 3-4 thousand dollars for the aforementioned purpose.
President
p.127 NY C 1.12.38
[Sounds source works as a clerk for the McClure Newspapers Syndicate. He gave
letters and financial documents from the company. Active participants: D. Joffo worked in
the Brit. Intelligence Service from 1916 to 1921. Affiliated with a bank in Riga, lives in
Riga. Connected in the USA with Waldo, the company president.
Transatlantica
Amerasia?
134
Sound
p.128 The letter discussed helping Kerensky organize his trip to the USA.
p.129 There are suspicions that the company houses an organization working against the USSR
p.132 NY C 11.02.39
[It was given the name Transatlantic.
135
Hoover Secretary, Waldo Bor, Joffo
Voyager, Kerensky Loser.
Source of information Artist.
p.145 [Information supposedly attesting to Waldos ties with Nazis.
Also a large number of disjointed facts, names, suspicions.
Black Notebook 160

p.420 File 35112 v. 5a
NY C 5.10.39
[In the context of Transatlantica, Elizabeth Bentley was brought to Waldo to work as a
secretary.] Sound found her.
She is a real American Aryan, 32 years old, single, a first-rate stenographer and typist with
a higher education. Elizabeth Bentley showed up in Bors office at the beginning of
September and offered her services, after filling out a lengthy application form. We verified
her former places of employment ourselves, in case Bor were to inquire about her. He did in
fact make several inquiries over the telephone, and after obtaining favorable
recommendations, he hired her for a two-week trial period. She lasted through the trial period
and now works as Bors secretary (writing letters dictated by him). She comports herself
well, and he has a high opinion of her. We gave her the following line of conduct: maximum
performance and efficiency at work, to be well dressed (it was necessary to spend a bit of
money), with respect to politics, to show that she is not too fond of Jews without being
glaringly anti-Semitic...
Bentley
p.394 C To Gennady 9.11.39
[Measures pertaining to the departure of a number of workers bound for home.]
[Harry, Yuzik, and Martinez were recalled.
Agents Satyr, Black, and Bob will continue to be handled by Gennady until the arrival
of the new colleague. Satyr works on Trotskyites.
p.395 Black, Bob, Cupid, and Chauffeur had worked on the same line. Now they need to
be deactivated and directed toward 3-5 months of independent work. Stipulate passwords for
future rendezvous.
Jung is also leaving. Some of his sources are being deactivated, and some are being given
to Gennady.
In light of his recent hesitation, the source Nigel cannot be left entirely without a contact, to
prevent him from being lost altogether; therefore, give him to Igor.
Jung
Nigel
p.396 Jung is essentially no longer connected with the source 19, and the question with regard to
him is no longer relevant... We are sending, in this mailing, a letter to Peter, in which we
propose that his wife should take steps to renew ties with 19.
19
Peter
p.408 [From Morris we have received:
1) An excerpt from a file of the Dies Committee (the Dept. of Justice requested these materials
from the Committee, and Morris made a copy;
2) Excerpts from the files and correspondence of the Justice Dept. pertaining to various
matters;
3) copies of reports by the West Coast Division of U.S. War Intelligence (San-Francisco) for
1918-1920.
Morris obtained all the aforementioned materials
Morris
Black Notebook 161

on his own initiative and without our permission. We have not yet recommenced work with
him, and think it is essential to wait until the investigation by the Dies Committee is over.
p.410 NY C 5.10.39
Report by Twain on the meeting with Richard.
I consider it my duty to report that K-r and his wife are in a very bad, disastrous position,
both in the material sense and in the sense of being able to remain in this country in the future.
As is well known, they came here as tourists on a diplomatic passport that was valid for 6
months in this country. This passport and the visa have already expired. At pres., he has
asked H-n for an extension on his visa in America. It is very likely that it will be denied.
They have ended up in a very difficult financial situation in this country, or to put it bluntly,
without any means of subsistence. When they arrived here, they had a small sum of money
(see his account), which has long since been used up. The fact that after their arrival here,
they traveled from NY to California by bus attests to the fact that this money was not spent
frivolously. In accordance with the law, as tourists living here, they were not allowed hold
even a temporary job within the USA. In spite of this, they had no choice but to take various
jobs, always under different names, working a few days at a time, b/c if this fact had been
discovered by the authorities, they might have been subject to immediate deportation. They
live with his wifes aging mother, who is in turn supported by her grown children. Their
situation is also exacerbated by the fact that everyone knows that they
Establishing
of contact
with the illegal
Richard
p.411 had lived well in H-n (Harbin A.V.),
136
that they have an apartment there as well as other
property. This makes it rather hard for them to come up with a satisfactory reason as to why
they live in poverty in America...I also think it is necessary to point out that in spite of all this,
they have a cheerful attitude. K-r himself makes a good impression as someone who is loyal
to us. He constantly waited and believed that ties with him would be renewed.
p.412 Report by Richard
[Richards mother lives in the city of Bright, evidently in California as well.
Richard
p.414 For some time, it seemed to him that they had been abandoned.]
Didnt receive a salary for 7 months.
p.424 NY C (no date)
Sounds cross-examination is not yet finished and the Grand Jury has not submitted an
indictment. The files of the World Tourists office are still under seizure by the
investigative authorities. When cross-examining Sound, the investigators are constantly
trying to link him to passport-related activities of the local organization and to Moscow. One
can sense, in Sounds opinion, that the questions are intended to portray him as an agent of a
foreign government on the line of his tourist organization. They ask questions about the
nature of
Sound
Black Notebook 162

his connection with the Moscow Intourist (in the business sense), how he had come to be in
charge of the World Tourists office, what his turnover was, and where he had gotten the
money to start up this business...
The last time he went before the Grand Jury, he
p.425 noticed Enemy in the waiting area, accompanied by two people, one of whom was a
translator. Sound recognized Enemy from photographs printed in the newspapers and by
the fact that a translator was present.
According to Sound, Enemy was in the Grand Jury meeting room for over an hour and
left by a different exit. It is difficult to say whether Enemys being there had anything to do
with Sound having been summoned at the same time...
Enemy
p.426 We think it is essential to place particular emphasis on the fact that Sound behaved
unacceptably as our source, in that he concealed from me his work for the local head master,
sending and receiving coded telegrams to and from Mokhovaya
137
through his office. Having
admitted his mistake, Sound said that in the past he had supposedly told Nikolay about
this.
I do not mean by this to disparage Sounds contributions to our work.
p.434 NY C 5.11.39
[We assigned C to infiltrate the special services. He said that he has an acquaintance in the
FBI, Anderson, for whose son C had given a recommendation for admission to the naval
academy. We asked for FBI information about Sov. citizens, Germans, and Italians. C.
said he would try. He later said that Anderson had agreed and asked for 20 thousand. The
operative replied
Crook
p.435 $300-400 for concrete material and a receipt. In Oct., C. said that Ander. had not found any
material against us, but that he is still looking. A week later, C brought a report,
supposedly compiled by Anderson. The report stated that representing the Soviet secret
police in America is a certain Golos from World Tourists, that the Sov. consulate does not
issue a single visa without his approval, etc. + report on Amtorg 36-37. [All subsequent
attempts to obtain materials came to nothing.]
p.452 NY C 13.12.39
[At pres., lives in his fathers house in Virginia. Plans to run for Congress in 1940. Failed in
38. It would help him if he acquired a small weekly newspaper. Center allotted 3,500
dollars, but that is not enough.
President
p.453 The station
138
asked for 5 thousand. He has no means of his own. The most feasible option
Blue Ridge Herald, which is published in his voting district.
p.454 He is counting on enlisting the free services of prominent Washington journalists and of his
sister.
p.455 The direction of the newspaper will depend entirely on us. We will work out every detail of
the newspapers agenda with President.
Black Notebook 163

It should not be too left-wing, and it should not be pro-Soviet nor, it goes without saying,
should it be anti-Soviet. A moderately liberal local newspaper with a direct connection to
liberal Washington journalists and their participation in this little newspaper.
p.479 NY C 16.02.40
[Bor fired Clever Girl, saying that he needed workers who knew the newspaper business.
Bor frequently replaces his employees. Clever Girl one of the few who managed to stay
at the job for more than 4 months. Bor gave Clever Girl a good reference and promised
to help her get a new job.]
Clever Girl
p.512 NY C 19.04.40
In order to activate our stations political work, particularly in view of the beginning of the
presidential reelection campaign (activization of the internal political life of the USA), we
have decided to identify, through Sound, the most qualified, proven American newspaper
workers, who have interesting connections and resources for covering the behind-the-scenes
activities of political party leaders as well as of individual financial groups, Roosevelts
administration, individual departments, etc.
The head master of the local fellowcountrymen recommended the two aforementioned
individuals through Sound: Robert Miller and George Seldes. The former has only just
applied for membership in the organization (meaning a secret enrollment), while the latter is a
longtime fellowcountryman, who is listed on a special register. The former has major
connections in New York and Mid-Southern American
139
, while the latter has them in
Washington. They both run independent newspaper agencies (financially well-off and
independent), which we could put to successful use. We could carry on work with them
through Sound.
U.S.
presidential
elections.
Sound
p.525 NY C 24.5.40
On May 10
th
, Amtorgs lawyer, Mr. Michael reported that according to information he
received from Benjamin Levine, who lives
Enemy
p.526 on 65 East 193
rd
Street, the Bronx, tel. RA 9-0236, Enemy is allegedly in the Soviet Union
at pres., where he was sent by British intelligence under an unknown name. This information
had filtered down from legal circles that are conducting a claims suit against Enemy, that
was filed by Paul Wohl (171 Madison Avenue), who at one time lent Enemy 1,000 dollars
and has not been paid back to this day. According to Michael, Enemy had allegedly lived
here under the name Walter Porfir.
Black Notebook 164

p.5 File 35112 v. 1
To Peoples Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR, Comrade L. Beria
Report
In number of people and in financial capabilities, the American Trotskyite organization is the
most powerful of all the Trotskyite groups that exist in European countries. In his
counterrevolutionary work managing the 4
th
International and individual Trotskyite groups in
China and European and South American countries, Trotsky relies first and foremost on his
American cadres.
Our intelligence operations in the fight against American Trotskyites have until now been only
informational. All the conditions are in place to destroy the American Trotskyite
organization; all that we lack are workers in the station who specialize in that line and who
would organize this operation. There is one principal worker in the station on this line, Harry,
who must be recalled home in view of his illness.
[Dispatch employees of the 5
th
department of GUGB.]
p.6 Chief of the 5
th
department of GUGB NKVD
State Security Major Fitin
September 1939.
p.7 To Peoples Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR, Cde. Beria
Memorandum.
In view of the changed international situation in Europe and the existence of contamination
both in the staff of the station itself and among agents in the USA, which could lead to
undesirable consequences for us, I think it necessary to conduct all work of the American
station with utmost caution and to minimize meetings with agents along the following lines of
work:
1. With regard to technical intelligence, to meet only with those agents who are carrying out
your special assignment.
2. With regard to the polit. line (Trotskyites and Whites), to meet only with valuable and
verified agents about whom there are no doubts of any kind.
3. Particular attention should be paid to diplomatic intelligence and to servicing the Sov.
colony and Amtorg, preserving the principle of agent caution and reliability.
p.8 [It is proposed to recall home:
1. Station Chief Gennady.
2. Station worker Harry, as someone who is not completely reliable and who is, moreover,
sick.
3. Underground agent Jung, as someone who has been abroad for a long time, and who is
unknown to any workers in the department. Furthermore, one who requires medical care.
4. Underground agents Yuzik and Martinez, as they are unknown to anyone in the department
and were registered abroad by the enemies Passov and Shpigelglaz. In addition to all this,
they had their identities revealed to
Black Notebook 165

the agent Sound, who has cause to be suspected of Trotskyite activity.
5. New York exhibition worker Semen, in view of his garrulousness.
6. Tech. intelligence worker Mimosa, in view of low value.
[It is proposed to send several new ones.]
Sound
p.10 D. Special measures.
I think it necessary to put before the Central Committee of the VKP (b) the question of
prohibiting, while the situation is strained, the systematic convocation of party, general, and
trade union meetings of Amtorg and delegations that are a source of information for the
Americans.
E. Agents.
1. In tech. intelligence, keep 10 of the 36 agents with whom we are connected. Break off ties
with the rest for the time being.
2. On the polit. line, keep 13 of the 59 agents with whom we are connected, and keep 10
conditionally; altogether 23 agents. Break off ties with the rest.
Chief of the 5
th
department of GUGB NKVD USSR
State Security Major (Fitin) 25.09.1939
p.11 Outline of agent networks. Blerio
Shumovsky
p.18 Approved
Peoples Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR (L. Beria)
Plan
for the organization of the illegal station of the 5
th
department of GUGB in the USA.
For organizing intelligence work, create an illegal station of the 5
th
department of GUGB
NKVD USSR in the USA, comprising:
1. Station Chief Faber
2. Millie
3. Sidney.
All three are taking the first Soviet steamship leaving the USSR for the USA and are
disembarking illegally onshore.
Fabers station is to be assigned the following tasks:
1. Fabers group should first of all settle down and consolidate itself in the USA. At first,
Faber and Millie will be legalized around Boss, in whose business we have invested 5,000
Amer. dollars.
Faber and Millie will finalize their legalization on the basis of new identity papers, which they
will be required to obtain both for themselves and for Sidney.
2. Using available agents and their connections, send agents posing as company
representatives, newspaper correspondents, and so forth to Turkey, Syria, Iran, and Iraq to
gather military intelligence information about allied and Turkish armies in the Near East.
p.19 3. Cultivate and detect anti-Soviet activities on the part of emigrants
Black Notebook 166

in the USA.
4. Ensure good agent coverage of the Old Man.
The station and its use:
1. Transfer the deactivated agents Frost, Electrician, and Boss, the active agent
Nigel, and Author, who has given his consent to work with us, to Fabers station for use.
2. First and foremost, it is essential to contact Frost and come up with a way to start a
business with them
140
or around him, which could be used for our intelligence maneuvers.
Use Frosts opportunities among Zionists to establish ties with people in Syria, Palestine,
and among anti-Soviet emigrants in order to cultivate them.
3. Instruct Faber to study, in person, the agents Nigel, Electrician, and Author, and on the
basis of this to determine the possibilities for their practical use.
4. Permission is granted to conduct recruitment of agents for work in the USA and for
dispatch to countries in Europe and the Near East both in the open and in the dark, under
a false flag, depending on specific circumstances and peculiarities of each agent.
In individual cases, to ease working conditions, lower risk, and cover up our work, permit not
only work under a false flag, but also, with Centers and Fabers approval, collaboration
between our agents and American and British intelligence.
p.20 Procedure for setting up contact.
There are several ways to establish contact between Fabers station and Moscow:
1. Through Luka;
2. Two-way mail connection through Odessa;
3. Radio connection
4. Courier connection through a neutral country
5. Steamship connection.
For contact through Luka, each side is assigning a special person. On the part of the illegal
station, this will be Sidney, and on Lukas part ... , who will not conduct any other work in
the Station.
The mail connection will be two-way. In the USSR, correspondence will be sent in cipher and
secret writing to Odessa, at the address ...
From the USSR, correspondence will be sent to the USA to addresses that will be given by
Faber upon his arrival on-site.
Radio connection. Faber will set up a radio connection in person in conjunction with special
instructions devised by the 2
nd
special department of the NKVD USSR (see supp.)
A courier connection is being set up between the USA and Italy. Couriers will be selected by
Faber, who will inform Moscow of them, after which he will be given secret addresses and
recognition signals for the couriers.
Steamship connection. Faber is instructed to study and, if possible, set up a connection
through steamship crew members, who maintain regular links between the USA, Italy, and
Greece.
Fabers station will be provided with cipher and secret writing. Code keys for the cipher and
secret writing will be arranged separately.
p.21 Fabers station is directly subordinate to the 5
th
department chief of GUGB. An expense
estimate for six months is attached.
Black Notebook 167

5
th
department chief of GUGB
Sr. Major of State Security
(Fitin)
Deputy Chief of the 5
th
department of GUGB
State Security Major
(Sudoplatov)
Sr. Oper. Officer of the 5
th
department of GUGB
State Security Major
(Zarubin)
17 April 1940
Typed by Zarubin
p.22 Document date and author unknown
(draft of a report?)
Veterans of International Brigades who took part in the civil war in Spain.
[American survivors returned to the USA. United in an organization of veterans overseen by
the CP USA. The greater part of those sent to Spain was chosen by the Comparty leadership.
The Partys confidence was borne out by many.
About ten people were recruited to work in the Soviet pavilion at the Worlds Fair in NY (as
security guards, restaurant and movie theater employees, etc). Two of them still work in
Amtorg: one as a chauffeur, the other in the restaurant (the source Volunteer).
At present, we ought to take an interest in the veterans once more, Volunteer
p.23 bearing in mind the possibility of sending some of them to unoccupied France, to Portugal, to
North Africa, etc.
p.24 Report Which agents working on Trotskyites does Sound know and a plan for contact
between the station and all agents working on Trotskyites. 21.9.40
Sound
p.26 Deputy Peoples Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR
To the Commissar of State Security, 3
rd
rank
Cde. Merkulov
Report
In the near future, almost 400 Americans will be leaving the Western regions of Belarus SSR
and Ukraine SSR for the USA. The largest concentration of Americans is found in the
following regions: Belostokskaya 102, Lvovskaya 44, Dragobychskaya 42,
Tarnopolskaya 28, Stanislavovskaya 17, and Baranovicheskaya 16.
In order to study the American constituent with the object of recruiting them for work abroad,
I am requesting your approval to dispatch the Dep. Chief of the 10
th
section, Cde. Pavlov and
Operational Officer Cde. Kukin to Belostokskaya and Baranovicheskaya regions, and Sr.
Operational Officer Cde. Morozov and Panov to Lvovskaya, Dragobychskaya,
Tarnopolskaya, and Stanislavovskaya regions.
Dep. chief of the 5
th
department of GUGB NKVD USSR
State Security Major (Sudoplatov) 13 November 1940.
Black Notebook 168

p.27 To 5
th
department Chief Fitin
Report
[We left for Baranovicheskaya and Belostokskaya regions in BSSR. By the time we arrived,
some of the people had already left for the USA. We spoke with 50 persons.
p.28 Of all the people we examined, not a single one was found who would be suitable for our
purposes. The overwhelming majority consists of semi-literate peasants who had at one time
gone to the USA for work and obtained citizenship, which they now want to use in order to
leave the Soviet Union. Another significant group consists of children of emigrants from
former Tsarist Russia and former Poland who were born in the USA and had left during
childhood. This category of persons has a right to American citizenship and has been trying
to secure Amer. passports from the American embassy so that they can leave for the USA.
All the aforementioned persons have, as a rule, a poor general education, a poor knowledge of
English (or none at all), no interesting connections in the USA, and to top it all off, an anti-
Soviet attitude.
p.29 On the whole, all of these American citizens are kulak elements of the village, have a
hostile attitude toward Sov. rule, and could easily be used by foreign (especially German)
intelligence, all the more because they consider themselves, as foreigners, to be to some extent
untouchable. Cases
p.30 of their use by German intelligence already exist.
Dep. Chief of the 10
th
section, 5
th
department of the GUGB
Jr. Lieutenant of State Security Pavlov
Operational Officer of the 10
th
section 5
th
department of the GUGB Kukin 7 December 1940
p.31 Report (no date)
80 ppl. have been recruited on USSR territory since 1 January 1940
in Lithuanian SSR 64 ppl.
in Latvian SSR 8 ppl.
in Estonian SSR 3 ppl.
in Lvov region 1 per.
in Leningrad 1per.
in Moscow 3 ppl.
Distribution of agents by country:
USA 58 ppl.
to South America 18 ppl.
to Mexico 2 ppl.
to Canada 2 ppl.
Black Notebook 169

Stephan
Deutsch
p.38
To Peoples Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR, Cde. L. Beria
Report
I am requesting your approval to organize an illegal station in the USA and to dispatch
Cde. Stephan as the illegal station chief and Cde Kreshin as his assistant.
It is proposed to assign the following tasks to the illegal station:
1. Renewing ties and work with the sources 19, Nigel, and Morris.
2. Organizing new recruitments, especially in defense businesses and in Departments
which seem impossible to infiltrate through legal station.
3. Organizing the recruitment of agents with the aim of transferring them to Europe.
For the transfer of the aforementioned workers into the USA, it is proposed to take
advantage of the mass relocation of Jews from the Baltic region to the USA and oth.
American countries.
Chief of the 5
th
department of GUGB NKVD USSR Sr. Major of State Security Fitin.
January 1941
Handwritten note:
To Cde. Prudnikov. The Narkom approves sending Stephan and Kreshin to the
underground in the USA. You may begin working out a detailed plan for deployment,
legalization, and work.
Sudoplatov 20.1.41.
Deutsch
p.39 [Stephan should be legalized around Boss. Contact according to Fabers plan (see p.
18)].
p.41 Expense estimate for Stephans station for 6 months
For 1 month For 6 months
1. Stephan and Sylvias allowance 400 2,400
2. couriers Don and Carmens - // - 150 900
3. maintenance for two safe-apartments - // - 300 1,800
4. agents allowance: President - // - 200 1,200
5. Oper. expenses for meetings with
agents and for travel 300 1,800
6. One-time oper. expenses - 5,000
7. One-time equipment expenses - 1,000
8. Household expenses (acquisition of - 300
photo equipment and accessories)
Total: 14,400
Black Notebook 170

p.43 Plan of operations
To arrange for Stephan and his family to be sent over to the USA, we are using his
Austrian passport, which was issued under the name Alfred Deutsch in Austria and expired in
December 1937.
For the purposes of using the passport to travel to the USA, we are preparing a copy of the
document with Stephans wife written in, providing a 5-year extension (with a stamp from
the Austrian consulate in Paris), and filling in a route from France to Latvia and all marks of
Stephans residence in Latvia until the present time.
Concurrently, we are assigning our station chief in New York the task of finding someone who
could submit a petition to U.S. authorities for the issue of an immigration visa to the family,
whom we plan to send from Latvia to the USA. This could, for example, be done by Frost
or Boss.
Having been informed by the station that such a person has been found, Stephan will write
him a warm, family letter, in which he will inform him of his desire to come to live in the
USA with his family and ask for help in this matter.
As a courtesy for his relative, he will send in the 2
nd
or 1
st
letter several photographs of his
family in a domestic setting.
We will receive the return address for this letter from the NKGB of the Latvian SSR, where
Stephan lives, according to the cover story. This address will be reported to the address
department in Riga, and all the necessary information will be indicated on an address card.
p.44 When he is informed by the station that the matter has turned out favorably, Stephan will
submit a petition by mail to the Amer. embassy in Moscow about issuing him a visa to settle
in the USA.
Later, when he is requested to visit the embassy personally, Stephan will arrive from Riga
and speak with an embassy official in accordance with the cover story that we developed.
In the course of the maneuvers, it is possible for Stephan to reside for a brief time in Riga at
his address.
Old Latvian identity papers and a Soviet foreign residence permit will be prepared for Stephan
and his family.
These documents will be necessary for brief residency in Latvia and presentation at the
American embassy.
Stephans mother will use her old passport, in which the necessary marks will be made, which
will extend her trip from Austria to Latvia.
In the course of these maneuvers, the plan in question may be subject to certain changes,
which in every instance will be coordinated with the directorate leadership.
Dep. Chief of section A
1
st
directorate of the NKGB
State Security Lieutenant Kropachev 23 May 1941
Black Notebook 171

p.45 [Stephans wife has a separate Austrian passport. Stephans mother-in-law has a genuine
German passport, with which she came to the Sov. Union from Vienna in 1940. This is the
passport she will use to go the USA.
Stephans cover story: born in 1904 in Vienna, a Jew, a chemist by education, lived in
Vienna until 1935; from 35 to39 in Paris, where he owned a Viennese fashion workshop;
his daughter was born in Paris.
p.46 He arrives in Riga in 39, and at pres., he is petitioning to leave the USSR for the USA
through his acquaintance from Paris, who lives
141
in the USA. The acquaintance
Boss, a longtime and proven agent, who owns womens fashion house in NY. Boss was
actually in Paris in 38 on business. Boss agreed to petition for a visa for Stephan, and
even to pledge to Amer. authorities that he will guarantee Stephan a job in his studio.
Stephan and his family should leave for Riga in order to familiarize themselves with the city.
Dep. Chief of the 3
rd
department, 1
st
directorate of the NKGB
State Security Major (Prudnikov)
Approved Chief of the 1
st
Department of the NKGB USSR
Sr. Major of State Security (Fitin)
June 1941
p.47 [Stephan was supposed to have reinstated deactivated agents: Boss, 19, Nigel,
Author, Liza, and President,
p.48 begun work with them and obtained new leads.]
p.57 [Evidently, suspicions against Sound were lifted, b/c it was proposed to engage him in
bringing illegals into the USA in Feb. 41 (Gennadys cipher telegram)].
Sound
p.60 Report on intelligence in the USA (compiled by Dep. Chief of the 3
rd
department, 1
st

directorate of the NKGB, State Security Major Prudnikov, 12 April 1941 (evidently for 1939-
41)
[Obtained on the polit. line: confidential report of the United Press agency on Amer. govt
policies vis--vis Japan, on French-American negotiations with regard to installing Ameri.
aviation bases on the island of Martinique, on secret negotiations between Petain, Churchill,
and Halifax, the annual report of the Western division of Amer. intelligence, materials on the
activities of the Dies Committee, materials on the activities of
p.61 Hoovers committee for assisting Finland, documents on the activities of the Trotskyite
center in the USA. [Good results on NTR]
p.68 As of 1 January 1939, there were 4 cultivations: Bankers cultivations of Trotskyites,
Old Man, Enemy, and Transatlantica. Of these cultivations, two (Old Man and
Enemy) are finished, Transatlantica did not give positive results; a check-up is currently
underway, after which it will have to be closed.
p.68 Agents in the USA, with the exception of agents obtained in the Baltic region, are highly
developed intellectually and occupy high social positions, namely:
diplomats 4 ppl.
polit. figures 2 ppl.
Black Notebook 172

journalists 22 ppl.
economists 4 ppl.
professors 8 ppl.
engineers 49 ppl.
free professions 3 ppl. and oth.
Of the agents who are connected with us at present, 22 are the most valuable, for example:
President, Paul, Arena, Informator, Liberal, Octane, Talent, Pike, Grin, et al.
p.69 Of the agents who are deactivated, there are 20 valuable agents, such as 19, Nigel,
Vacek, Redhead, Cheetah, Novice et al.
[4. Station personnel. At pres. 15 ppl.
From 1933 1 p. 40 7 p.
37 1 p. 41 3 p.]
39 3 p.
Of these, only 2 people (Gennady and Luka) have operational-Chekist experience; the rest
are young Chekists who have been in service since 1938 and do not have operational-Chekist
experience, especially in work abroad.
[By knowledge of English:
good 4 poor 3
satisfactory 7 none 1]
In the given period of time, 7 people were recalled from the station for various reasons. Of
these, 4 ppl. in 1939, and 3 ppl. in 1940.
p.70 Assignments on the political and diplomatic line:
1. Study the international actions of the American government in war conditions, in particular
actions directed against the USSR;
2. Work on studying political groups which could influence the policies of the American
government (the American Cliveden Set, Bullitts group, the New Deal group, the
Willkie-Morgan group).
3. Work on covering the policies of the Amer. government with regard to the Pacific question.
4. Cover the work of the American Secret Service and Intelligence, which these
organizations are conducting in the context of U.S. preparations for war.
p.79 We are singling out the agents Vacek and Redhead, who were deactivated in 1939, as the
most gifted agents, who could be used not only on the press line, but also in econ.
intelligence.
Vacek,
Redhead
Black Notebook 173

p.83 To Dep. Chief of the 3
rd
department, 1
st
directorate of the NKGB USSR
State Security Major Cde Prudnikov
Report
Prior to 1939, the primary task before our legal station in the USA was not diplomatic and
political intelligence, and therefore this work was conducted occasionally. Although they
cultivated Trotskyites, this work did not go beyond covering their counter-revolutionary
activities.
As of 1 January 1939, among the employees of the station, in addition to the Station Chief
Gennady, Igor worked on the diplomatic and political intelligence line until May 1940,
undercover as the 2
nd
secretary of the Sov. Embassy in Washington. Harry worked on
cultivating Trotskyites until January 1940, undercover as a representative of the Red Cross
Society.
Besides the legal station, there was also an illegal one, whose primary objective was the
diplomatic and political intelligence line. The station comprised a single employee Station
Chief Jung. When Jung was recalled in December 1939 to the Sov. Union, the station ceased
to exist.
Work in
39-41
p.84 Agents working on diplomatic and political intelligence.
On the legal station line, we had few agents as of 1 January 1939, who for the most part were
of low value. Only two agents were very valuable: Liza and Morris. To provide this line
with our work, the station was asked to acquire valuable agents; however, there have been no
positive results in 1939.
Ties were renewed with the valuable agent President, but before this matter could be
concluded, he had to be deactivated in view of the fact that our employee Igor, with whom he
had been connected, left for the Sov. Union.
Ties with the agent Crook (a congressman) were also renewed; however, he did not meet our
expectations, and the connection with him was broken off.
In Moscow, the American embassy employee Purser was recruited prior to his departure for
the USA. The contact terms were sent to the station in 1940; however, the connection has not
been established to this day. Our agent Diana was transferred to the USA. The station
contacted her in 1941.
Liza,
Morris
President
Crook
p.85 The illegal station had the valuable agents 19, Nigel, Arena, and Leona, who was
once again recruited in 1939, however, after the departure of the illegal station chief Jung,
we had no choice but to deactivate these agents, because it was dangerous to work with them
on the legal station line, because these valuable agents could have been exposed.
Additional agents, Queen, Braun, and Paul, were acquired on this line in 1940; as of
today, the station only contacts and works with the latter.
In 1941, Dir (Kid), Pal, Jurist (Cashier) and Sachs (Hello) were also recruited
to work for us as agents.
[The following highly valuable materials were obtained on the dip. and polit. line in 40-41:
Black Notebook 174

1. Paul A word-for-word translation of a confidential report by the director
p.87 of the Washington office of United Press on the policies of the Amer. government vis--
vis the Japanese.
2. Paul on French-American negotiations on the question of installing American navy
and air force bases on the island of Martinique and on French naval forces in the West
Indies.
3. Kid (Dir) on secret talks between Petains representative and Churchill and Halifax.
4. Pal on the contents of a talk by Roosevelts envoy Currie (Page), who has returned
from China.
5. Jurist (Cashier) excerpt from a letter from Winston Churchill to Roosevelt.
Insert
p.86
6. Morris annual report by an officer of the West Coast division of the intelligence
department for the 1918 fiscal year.
7. Crook Materials on the activities of the Dies Committee (on the investigation of the
Comparty and its leaders, and a list of enemies of American democracy)
8. Arena report on a classified survey of the division of civil servants by the head of the
War Department Air Force for 1938.
9. Sound copies of documents describing the activities of Hoovers committee during the
events in Finland.
p.87 Available cultivations.
1. Agent file Bankers cultivation of Trotskyites. However, this cultivation is limited to
covering their activities. There are no
Bankers
p.88 suitable agents for active struggle. The station has been asked to acquire agents through
whom we could wage an active battle to defeat the Trotskyites.
2. Agent file Transatlantica cultivation of espionage organization in the USA. This
cultivation has been going on since 1938; however it has provided no concrete ties to the Sov.
Union. Facts are not corroborated. It has been decided to close this cultivation.
3. Cultivation of Enemy the defector Krivitsky. Cultivation is over. Enemy took his
own life.
The most valuable agents in the USA.
19 Adviser to the U.S. Secretary of State. Gave authentic and valuable materials from the
department. Deactivated. It is essential to work with him through an illegal agent.
Nigel son of an American millionaire. Worked in the State Department. Recently on the
Democratic Presidential Election Committee. Gave valuable materials from the State
Department. Deactivated. It is essential to work with him through an illegal agent.
Transatlantica
Enemy

p.89 [Liza Daughter of a former Amer. ambassador...Deactivated.

President Currently involved in publishing the magazine American Week. A left-wing
magazine. He has major connections among government and political figures. Could be a
talent-spotting and recruiting agent.
Author a millionaire. Chairman of the Society of Friends of the Sov. Union. Recruited
in Moscow. He was not passed over to the station. Could be a talent-spotting agent.
Paul (currently in England) a journalist. Secret member of the CP USA. Valuable
materials and leads. He has major connections. Could be an information agent, talent-
spotting agent, and a recruiting agent.
Black Notebook 175

Arena employee of the Civil Service Commission. Gave informational material and
material for the card index. Could be used as a talent-spotting agent, through whom we could
plant
p.90 agents among the government apparatus of the USA.
Kid (Dir) secretary of the well-known Amer. journalist W. Lippmann. Secret member of
the CP USA.
Pal economist at the Treasury Department. Secret member of the CP USA.
Cashier (Jurist) Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. Secret member of the CP USA.
Morris (failed) has access to the main archive of the Justice Department (which is also
where the archives of Amer. intelligence are stored). Gave materials from the intelligence
archive. He was deactivated in connection with Brits betrayal. Could be a valuable agent.
Satyr works in the Trotskyite Central Committee.
Hell works in the Trotskyite publishing house Pioneer Publishers
Bob works in a Trotskyite publishing house as publishing director of the newspaper Labor
Action and the magazine New
p.91 International.
There is, in addition, a group of valuable agents who are used for the stations operational
activities (surveillance, background checks, removals, eavesdropping, etc) Informer, Nick,
Veil, Adam, and Carmen as a safe-house.
p.92 Conclusions.
1. USA a land of great opportunities for our intelligence work.
p.93 2. It is essential to organize our intelligence work on Europe and Asia from the USA
(recruitment of agents, training them for dispatch to any country that is of interest to us, and
finding covers for our illegal employees for work in other countries).
3. There are also great opportunities for work within the USA on objectives that are of interest
to us; have agents in these objectives who were recruited on ideological grounds.
4. In order to conduct full-blooded intelligence work in the USA, it is essential to create an
illegal apparatus and rely on it first and foremost.
5. It is completely obvious that the legal apparatus cannot provide for the development of
diplomatic and political intelligence and the cultivation of intelligence and counterintelligence of
the USA.
6. However, while creating an illegal apparatus, one should not abstain from using legal
opportunities as well. For this, it is essential to reinforce the legal station with a sturdy and
experienced Chekist acting as leader and with experienced operatives. All the more because
with Gennadys departure, no one will remain there besides Luka who would be capable of
overseeing, helping, and teaching rank and file operatives on a day to day basis.
11 April 1941. Chief of the 2
nd
section, 3
rd
department, 1
st
Directorate of the NKGB
State Security Sr. Lieutenant Butkov
Black Notebook 176

p.116 Order to the chiefs of the 3
rd
, 4
th
, and 6
th
departments of the 1
st
directorate of the NKGB
Work out assignments for all stations to detect, through agents, the press and oth. resources
the disposition, organization, weaponry, and military plans of Germany against the Soviet
Union.
[The strength of the German army as distributed among ground forces, SS and SA forces, the
Air Force and the Navy. The structure of military formations, numbers of tanks, etc. Plans
for military operations against the USSR.
7 June 1941. Chief of the 1
st
directorate of the NKGB USSR
State Security Sr. Major Fitin
p.122 Report by the captain of the tanker Azerbaijan, Izotov, on the transfer of RU General Staff
employee, Kogan.
p.123 Report by agent Vladimirov on the deployment of an illegal.
Before the motor ship that had been entrusted to me left on its latest voyage to ports on the
Western shores of America on June 11
th
of this year, I received an assignment from the
command of the Vladivostok maritime division of the NKVD to transfer Comrade X
142
to
one of the American ports of entry.
[X was stowed in Cde. Katkovs cabin, where he remained for the duration of the voyage.]
Enlisted:
Nikolay Danilovich Koba first mate
Mikhail Nikolaevich Malaksianov 2
nd
mate
Grigory Emelyanovich Bochkarev boatswain
Ivan Pavlovich Chernousov donkerman
Anastasia Illarionovna Smyka ships barmaid.
Koba and Malaksianov to live next door to Katkovs cabin: leaving to go to the bathroom,
bringing food.
Bochkarev to conceal Kh upon arriving in the port, b/c all service rooms are under his
authority.
Chernousov his permit was used for Kh to come ashore.
Smyka brought food and cleaned the cabin.
Deployment of
an illegal to S.
Francisco
p.124 X studied Chernousovs signature.
Hide him in the pump room, in an enclosure 1 meters high. If the authorities had wanted to
look there, it would have been flooded with water to a height of 50 cm. X was issued boots.
Forbidden to turn on the light.
On the night of July 2
nd
, X climbed into the pump room.
p.125 At 6:00 on July 2
nd
, the pilot was admitted at San Francisco. Anchor was dropped at 8:10.
At 8:20, the hospital cutter pulled up, carrying a doctor and his secretary. After medical
documents were checked, the ships company was called to the stern gangplank for
verification. The doctor counted everyone and dismissed them. Then the customs official
arrived with a policeman. The policeman peered into the rooms and walked along the deck.
At 8:45, the pilot returned to moor it to the 41
st
berth so the furs could be unloaded. The
captain treated everyone: nobody refused, except for the policeman. The doctor and customs
official left, and the policeman stayed on board.
The ship was moored at 10:20. At 10:30, Consul General Cde. Skoryukov, a representative
of Amtorg, and three representatives of the U.S. Department of Justice, immigration service
arrived. The Americans began examining the crew. Each sailor was summoned to the
passengers lounge with his
Black Notebook 177

American permit in hand (those who had previously been to the USA). For each permit, they
took a nautical book, compared the photograph in the nautical book to its owners likeness,
and, having written the number of the Amer. permit in the muster roll, they kept the nautical
book and returned the Amer. permit to the sailor. Afterwards, everyone who had an Amer.
permit was allowed to leave. For those who had come for the first time, they began filling out
permits, together with Consul Skoryukov.
p.126 At 13:00, the whole crew was allowed to leave. X waited. By 14:30, there were already
Amer. workers working on board unloading furs. Sov. sailors from oth. ships came by. We
decided to bring out X. He washed and got dressed. Katkov, Bochkarev and I were with
him. At 15:30, we decided to come out. A policeman was checking documents by the ships
ladder. Bochkarev, Katkov, Cde. X and I. The policeman inspected the permit and gave it
back to X (X Chernousovs double). We came out into the city and got on a bus. We
bought X clothes and a suitcase. We got in a taxi, which drove us to Oakland. X got out at
one of the streets; the rest of us kept going. X was supposed to get in a different taxi and
follow his course.
p.127 Enclosed with the report is nautical book No. 044369, made out to Chernousov, Cde. X s
literature, his reference books, and a suitcase containing his personal belongings.
p.133 C NY 3.12.41
We sent a second reminder about the extraordinary importance of assigning all principle
agents to obtain documentary materials covering the question of Fascist Germanys peace
offers and English efforts with regard to this matter. In particular, an active role in the matter
is played by the former commissioner of the League of Nations in Danzig, Burkhardt
currently a representative of the International Red Crosswho is occasionally in Berlin and
London.
p.143 (Handwritten document, author unknown. A later note: Evidently, 41, 2
nd
half)
For dispatch to the German rear via the front, use former employees of the INO NKVD:
Dunts (underlined), Fisher, Abel, Lepin (crossed out), Martens, and Mitskevich (crossed out),
having first verified them according to our materials.
Fisher,
Abel
p.192 To Cde. V.N. Merkulov
According to a report by Cde. Litvinov, one of the aides to U.S. Secretary of State Hull
Berle, told Cde. Litvinov that the Americans would like to arrange a meeting between
representatives of American and Soviet intelligence agencies
143
to exchange information about
the fifth column. When Cde. Litvinov observed that such a meeting would be difficult given
that Soviet intelligence is in the Soviet Union, Berle, pointedly said that he knows of Soviet
intelligence in the USA.
Cde. Litvinov reports that this remark by Berle, who is known for his hostility toward the
USSR, were
144
obviously intended to be provocative.
Berle -
Litvinov
Black Notebook 178

From an additional report by Cde. Litivinov, it is also known that during a conversation
with a counselor from our embassy, Cde. Gromyko, Henderson from the State Department
inquired several times about the whereabouts of the 3
rd
secretary at our Embassy, Cde.
Zubilin.
As is well known, Cde. Zubilin, who was the 3
rd
secretary at the embassy in Washington,
was assigned to the New York consulate, where he works.
Having reported this for your information, I ask that you submit this to Cde. Beria and
inform me of the reply you think should be given to the Americans through our embassy
with regard to the questions they brought up, in particular, inform me of your decision
regarding the permanent residence of Cde. Zubilin in the future.
Deputy Peoples Commissar
of Foreign Affairs of the USSR /V. Dekanozov/
23 February 1942
p.193 3 March 1942 NKID USSR
To Cde. D.
145
G. Dekanozov
In response to your letter of 23 February of this year, I report that the proposal made by
the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Berle, regarding the desirability of a meeting between
representatives of American and Soviet intelligence agencies, is unacceptable, and the
NKVD of the USSR is not interested in arranging such a liaison.
With regard to the question of Cde. Zubilins place of residence, we report that we are
interested in having him remain in New York in the future.
This fact can be explained to the Americans by the need to render assistance to the New
York consulate general in view of the large volume of work there.
Deputy Peoples Commissar of Internal Affairs
of the USSR
V. Merkulov
p.207 [As of September 1942:
Sound, Liza, Louis, President, are handled by Vardo
Sound, Liza handled by Leonid + others.
p.210 Report (handwritten)
Maxim, in No. 952, dated 20/XI 42 asks, in connection with Sedovs arrival and
assignments on his line, that we consent in principle to his receiving from the
fellowcountrymen two verified young women and 2-3 South Americans in order to train
them in radio operation and subsequently use them as illegal radio operators.
M-m intends to organize a school to train these people individually with help from
Rudi(?)
146
, who
Radio operators -
Communists
Black Notebook 179

has the resources for this.
M-m thinks that maintenance will come out to 250 dollars a month, b/c the students will be
working on their own, and we will not pay them anything. He asks that a reply be sent by
telegraph.
On 27/XI 42, we replied to Maxim that we agree to his proposal to train radio operators and
approve the indicated expenses (up to 250 dollars a month).
p.223 [On 26 Apr. 43, Maxim reported on difficulties with admitting illegals]:
1. It is necessary to order railroad tickets two weeks in advance for journeys going west; for
this, it is necessary to give the travelers names, their place of employment, address, and so
forth.
2. The conductor and a plainclothes official check tickets throughout the journey.
3. All tickets are collected during the journey and passengers are required to sign tickets with
their own hand.
4. The reclassification of all military reservists up to 46 years of age was announced, and it will
continue until the end of May. This will no doubt be linked to the issuing of new classifying
documents (military). The station will need to acquire and study documents of this type prior to
the arrival of illegals.
Based on the aforementioned reasons, Maxim asks that illegals not be sent over for the time
being, until all the circumstances pertaining to this matter have been cleared up...
reverse Maxim draws our attention once more to the need to inform him of an illegals weight along
with his height. Height and weight must be in feet and pounds. Without this information, the
station is unable to prepare the necessary documents.
p.226 Report by Maxim on work in the USA dated 1.09.43
Despite the fact that already, in time of war, we have succeeded in expanding our network of
probationers in government agencies and infiltrating intelligence organizations, nevertheless,
our probationer opportunities do not meet demands or ensure the acquisition of complete and
timely information that is essential for our country in wartime conditions.
We have no probationers in Congress to speak of, and our probationer opportunities in
Temple, President Roosevelts executive branch, the State Department, individual
departments, intelligence centers, in new agencies created during the war, and so forth, are very
poor.
A vital deficiency in our office is the absence of prominent probationers who are capable not
only of covering questions that are of interest to us, but also of influencing the course of events
in a direction that would be desirable for us.
Black Notebook 180

p.235 Departures for Europe (from the same report):
A weak point in our offices work is the deployment of people to Europe.
We continue to come up against serious difficulties in this matter, chief among them
the difficulty of transferring them to their destination. However, we have already
taken first steps: 2 to Spain, 7 to Yugoslavia (fighters), 2 England.
Following up on Guards lead, we intend to use, in the dark, his
p.236 friend Pol, whom the Americans are sending on intelligence missions to France in
the near future. Through an agreement with Guard, we have supplied him with
assignments, code, and all the essential terms for establishing radio contact with
home.
This is all that we have.
In view of the difficulties of transfers, we are left, on the whole, with two options for
developing this matter:
1. Recruiting people already working for the American competitors or dangling)\ our
people with a view to having the Americans deploy them in Europe on our
assignments.
2. Seeking out and transferring people from South America...
...We have no opportunities for transferring people from the country to Germany at
the present time.
p.242 [Give Helmsman to Vardo + his wife for an irregular connection.]
In view of instructions to assign one of the assistants to maintain ties with affiliated
fellowcountryman organizations, we think it would be expedient to entrust this work
to Vardo. Helmsman has known her personally for many years and has a high
opinion of her. We have not noticed any surveillance against her during her stay here,
and she could secure this area of work.
Helmsman - Vardo
p.265
Memorandum from Luka (partially about Maxim).
[Report from C. on Maxims departure with a staff of qualified was received in Sept.
41.]
Comrades who did not know him, including myself, expected to find in Maxim an
experienced leader, a good organizer, and a considerate comrade, to whom they had
been prepared to lend all their support. However, when they got to know him better,
some comrades did not find in him the qualities that they had been expecting.
[He set the workers who came with him in opposition to the elders, becoming close
with some and disparaging others.] [He was susceptible to flattery.]
Maxim, Vardo
p.266 The minor results that the Office had achieved, particularly those pertaining to
contracting, were unceremoniously attributed to him, Sergey, and Vardo, although the
most superficial examination reveals that they had been the contribution of the entire
collective of workers, including young, fledgling comrades
Black Notebook 181

(incidentally, it should be noted that the figures reported by M. to center
p.267 regarding contracting in 1 1/2 years of his work were inflated, and there is no way he can
corroborate them in view of an inquiry by center without revealing their inconsistency with the
facts).
In his desire to raise Vardos prestige, Maxim praised certain outstanding qualities of
Vardos, which she supposedly displayed in Smyrna, and stubbornly foisted her to the
position of group organizer for Factory, although in the comrades opinion, she did not have
the qualities for it
p.303 Plan of assignments for May Approved by the Peoples Commissar of State
Security of the USSR -
Commissar of State Security,
1
st
rank, V. Merkulov 16.12.1943
p.303a Deactivate agents without future prospects (Zero, Informator, Liza, Nigel). Liza,
Nigel
p.309 In a cipher telegram from 29.3.44, May reported that Twain has been placed under
surveillance. Connect Antenna with Callistratus.]
Antenna

p.310
Report to Cde. Merkulov
As a result of a thorough investigation conducted by us into the matter of our station chief in
the USA and his wife being under suspicion of belonging to foreign intelligence agencies
(Maxim of belonging to Japanese intelligence and Vardo to German intelligence) and into
the discovering by American counterintelligence of the content of our stations work, cadre
workers and agents, we have determined that this matter is a case of far-fetched and false
provocation that was instigated by a former worker of the Amer. station, Vasily Dmitrievich
Mironov and his accomplice, a former worker of the Amer. station, Vasily Georgievich
Dorogov, who took advantage of their official positions while working abroad, and who
blatantly violated the principal rules of konspiratsia and Chekist secrecy
In view of Mironov and Dorogovs confession, we have completely established their
unconditional guilt in propagating a false claim of a provocative nature and in the blatant
violation of Chekist konspiratsia and secrecy.
Taking both this matter and the specific interests of the 1
st
Directorate into account, we think
that it is necessary to:
1. Fire Vasily Dmitrievich Mironov from the agencies of the NKGB without possibility of
joining the NKGB in the future, and send him to work in one of the far regions of the Soviet
Union for a period of 5 years.
p.311 Relocate Mironovs family from the NKGBs house to a state housing office apartment house
and use his apartment for the needs of the operative staff of the 1
st
Directorate.
2. Fire Vasily Georgievich Dorogov from the agencies of the NKGB without possibility of
joining the NKGB in the future and send him to the front through the district war committee
to join the active forces.
Black Notebook 182

3. For the purposes of rehabilitating the situation in the Amer. station, we think it would be
expedient to recall the following operatives from special assignments at once: Maxim,
Vardo, Twain, and Shah.
After the return of the aforementioned workers, examine the information in our possession
about indiscreet behavior by individual employees of the Amer. station, both at work and in
private life.
We await your instructions.
Chief of the 1
st
directorate of the NKGB USSR
Commissar of State Security, 3
rd
rank, Fitin
Dep. chief of the 1
st
directorate of the NKGB USSR
Commissar of State Security Ovakimyan
30 March 1944
Handwritten decision by Merkulov: (p.311)
1. Open a file on Mironov, finish the investigation,
and present it at a Special Meeting.
2. Issue a stern reprimand to Dorogov, detach him
from the 1
st
directorate, and send him to work in the
outlying districts with a demotion in rank.
3. I agree with point 3 of the suggestions. [Find
replacements for everyone.] May 5
th
.
p.314 Instructions On the behavior of our workers abroad [all operatives must sign] 6 March
1943.
It has come to our attention that, by their behavior both at work and in private life, our
employees abroad are revealing their identities to the Soviet colony and to foreign
governments counterintelligence agencies.
There are incidents where some of our workers have declined to work in public organizations,
claiming that they are too busy, sought to occupy positions of privilege compared with
workers who were their equals according to their cover positions, leased expensive apartments
and bought items that exceeded their official financial capabilities, and in conversations with
other workers did their best to stress that they were special workers. They form groups
among themselves without sufficient observable reason, which gives occasion to speculate that
they are connected by some special line, boast about their external contacts, which are not in
line with their cover positions. Our automobiles are frequently of a better make than the
ambassadors automobile, and so forth.
Establish the following procedure.
1. Cover work
1. Our workers who are assigned for work abroad are required to carry out work according to
their cover positions on a level with all the workers at the corresponding institution
3. Our employees do not enjoy any special privileges or special status in comparison with
other workers who are equal according to cover position.
4. Our employees, on a level with all the workers at a corresponding institution, must
participate in the public and party life of the collective and carry out assignments for public
organizations.
Black Notebook 183

p.316 2. Our employees who have external contacts through their cover positions are required to
inform the ambassador about official meetings and conversations and to carry out the
ambassadors assignments to compile information through use of their official external
contacts.
3. All information obtained by our employees through their external contacts and of an agent-
operational nature, are to be reported either to the station chief only or to his assistant.
4. The station chief is to inform the ambassador of all agent materials, which the ambassador
needs in order to fulfill his official functions, and in the process not to reveal under any
circumstances the sources and channels through which these materials were received.
p.317 The stations automobile should not be of a better make than the car of the ambassador or
of other embassy workers who are of equal or higher rank than the station chief.
p.327 Anton C 1.06.44
Personally, I have major doubts about Vardos assertions that she is not under surveillance.
I fear that she simply does not notice it. My apprehensions stem from the following incidents.
At the end of 1943, I met Vardo by chance while she was on her way to meet Sound.
Knowing from personal experience how difficult it is to work when one has poor vision, I
asked her why she was going to the meeting without her glasses, without which she sees quite
poorly. To my astonishment, the remark that followed was that people who have been
working a long time, such as her, develop
Vardo -
Sound
p.328 a sixth sense, which unerringly lets them know whether or not they are under surveillance. I
believe that this sense is undermining both her and our work. Leonid and Katya noted
surveillance against Vardo in March and reported it to you.
p.335 From Leonids report dated 9.09.44 to Fitin
At the beginning of 1941, Gennady gave me Sound, with whom I worked until the middle
of 1943. Before taking Sound, I notified Gennady about the fact that I had never worked
with agents and was in general unfamiliar with this work; however Gennady reassured me,
saying that I would be connected with Sound only as a courier.
With Gennadys departure the situation changed, and I found myself
Sound
p.336 being more than a courier.
As you know, Sound was a very valuable and useful agent, who had a great deal of
experience in agent work. Meetings with Sound were very difficult for me, and I was
required to thoroughly prepare for them. At the time, I did not receive any help or instruction
with regard to work with Sound from Luka, and Luka considered Sound an idiot and
regarded him with distrust. I subsequently heard the same thing from Maxim as well.
However, I had every reason to believe Sound; he was a valuable, loyal person, who tried to
do everything he could for us.
Black Notebook 184

I discussed and wrote reports to Luka about the misuse of Sound and sent the reports in
question to your address. These reports clearly show what Sound was occupied with at the
time. I cant help mentioning the fact of Sounds transfer to Vardo. This was a misstep,
and I felt this at every meeting with Sound, which I would go to on Maxims orders together
with Vardo. I noticed that when speaking with Vardo, Sound was reluctant to talk, and
various pieces of information had to be dragged out of him, because he had taken badly to
having his connection assigned to a woman, all the more because he had grown accustomed to
working with station chiefs in the past.
p.343
Conversation with Leonid about work in the station 12.9.44
147
Question: Since when have you been connected with Sound?
A: I became connected with Sound around February-March of 1941. This can be established
more precisely from documents.
Q: What did your work with Sound entail and how was it organized?
A: I was given specific assignments in finished form, and I would bring them to Sound.
Q: Who prepared these assignments?
A: These assignments were prepared by Gennady.
Q: And who oversaw this matter when Gennady left?
A: When Gennady left, this whole business was taken over by Luka, who remained in charge
of the New York office. Luka conducted all the offices work with an emphasis on the White
line. He led the cultivation of this line himself, and it was evident that he liked it. This is why
all the other areas of the offices work were allowed, I would say, to take their own course. On
account of this, after Gennadys departure Luka began using Sound, who had an
extraordinary wealth of opportunities for work on the 1
st
line, for various purposes with regard
to the Whites and other identification assignments.
Q: How did Sound react to these kinds of assignments?
A: When Gennady wanted to give Sounds network to Luka before returning home, Luka told
him that he knew Sounds network and would do everything that was necessary himself. As a
result, he did not in fact take these agents from Gennady. As I later became convinced, Luka
did not actually know Sounds network and, naturally, could not oversee it. When I came to
Sound with assignments on identifying the Whites, he would ask me: Say, dont you have
anyone smarter who could give me more thought-out assignments? I would reply to these
statements that they probably
Golos
p.344 found this necessary. It was evident that Sound was displeased by this and that he frequently
worried. Evidently, he saw how pointless it was to work on identifying some Sidor Ivanovich
or other. This, of course, was not the kind of work that should have been given to Sound. I
wrote reports addressed to Luka about my meetings with Sound, in which I indicated that
Sound reacted badly to these assignments. I would photograph these reports and send the film
to center with all of Lukas notes.
Q: Tell me, how did Luka himself regard Sound?
A: Luka did not like Sound and regarded him with distrust. For instance, he said to me:
Your Sound is an idiot and you dont know anything, Sound needs to be checked up on.
Q: How did Lukas distrust of Sound manifest itself?
A: As a talent-spotting agent, Sound would usually state his opinions about agents and leads
in the materials he handed over. I noticed that Luka
Black Notebook 185

was displeased with this; the way he saw it, Sound was supposedly trying to indicate the direction in
which we should work and what we should do. To me it seemed that Sound was simply stating his
opinion of various people and trying to identify, in his reports, who was valuable to us, and who
wasnt. However, this fact annoyed Luka.
Q: What did Lukas suspicions about Sound amount to?
A: I dont know what his suspicions amounted to.
Q: Did Luka tell you about any concrete suspicions with regard to Sound?
A: No, he didnt. He limited himself to just one phrase, that Sound was an idiot who didnt understand
our requirements. Luka wanted for Sound to carry out all our assignments without questioning
them. Sound, on the other hand, occasionally objected to individual assignments and argued that
certain measures were inexpedient. As I see it, Sound antagonized Luka with these objections. As for
Luka, he was very displeased with these objections of Sounds, and they practically infuriated him.
For my part, I think that neither Luka nor anyone else had any reason to distrust Sound or to think that
he was an incapable or obtuse worker.
Q: In what period of time did Luka develop his relationship with Sound in this manner?
A: Luka regarded Sound with distrust and considered him an invaluable
148
p.345 agent until the end of his stay in New York; that is to say, until the middle of 1943. His opinion of
Sound did not change with the arrival of Maxim in New York in 1942. Maxim, like Luka,
regarded Sound with distrust.
Q: Where would you meet with Sound?
A: I would meet with Sound in places indicated by Gennady or worked out by Sound himself. We
never called each other on the phone. In addition to planned meetings, we also arranged control
meetings.
Q: Did you meet with Sound outdoors or at safe-houses?
A: For the most part, we met outdoors. We did not have meetings at safe-houses or in cars.
Q: Why did you say for the most part outdoors?
A: Because in addition to meeting outdoors, we also met occasionally in restaurants.
Q: At what time of the day did your meetings with Sound take place?
A: Usually, I would meet with him at 8 or 9 oclock PM; I had practically no meetings with Sound
during the day. Only in certain cases, when I had to return some material or other to him as soon as
possible, did we meet during the day.
Q: Was Sound glad to work with you?
A: No.
Q: Why.
A: Because he was weighed down with trivial things, not that which was needed. Let me stress again
that these were identification assignments in nature where is this or that person, what sort of person
is he, can he be used. Moreover, these assignments chiefly pertained to emigration.
Q: Did Maxim ever ask you personally about the staff of Sounds network?
A: Yes, Maxim was interested in this question. He was interested
Black Notebook 186

in who was on its staff, its formation, the system of contacts, and the opportunities of every
probationer in our work. With this aim, he proposed to
p.346 check Sounds entire network. This check up was entrusted to me. After the check up I
reported to Maxim that Sound was overloaded with work and that it was essential to
relieve him. Even before Sound was transferred to Vardo, I had spoken with Sound
himself about how overworked he was. During these conversations with me, he would
complain about how overworked he was. Because Sound had a heart illness, I advised him
to take a break. Sound replied that, as he said, I understand this myself, but who will the
business and the people go to, there isnt anyone who could be entrusted with this. Sound
indicated that the young woman he handles can only manage things through him.
Q: Is this Clever Girl he talked to you about?
A: Yes, Clever Girl. I spoke with him regarding the technical group. I explained this
situation to him by saying that in light of the fact that he was not familiar with the technology,
the terms, and the requirements of home with regard to our technology, he could not oversee
this group. Sound agreed with me: This is correct, we need to find a competent person who
is loyal to us. He started looking, and it was at this time that Sound was transferred to
Vardo.
Q: When was this?
A: This was, roughly, at the end of 1942 or the beginning of 1943. I dont remember the
exact date.
Q: Why was Sound transferred to Vardo?
A: Because after Gennadys departure, I would always tell him that I was not well-versed in
agent work and that it was really hard for me to oversee his work. Moreover, I did not receive
a proper direction for work with Sound from the office leadership. In such working
conditions, meetings with Sound were torture for me. As for Sound himself, in the course of
working with him, I would systematically receive from him a lot that was useful, with regard
to both studying the country and questions pertaining to work with agents. It was he, rather
than the office leadership, who taught me all these questions. In connection with this, I would
constantly bring up the fact that I was unprepared to oversee work with Sound. I put this
question before two of our leaders Maxim and Luka, and asked them to handle Sound
themselves, but they refused. I could not understand why I an inexperienced person had
been entrusted with such an important contact, with an agent like Sound. And it was only
at the end of 1942 or the beginning of 1943 that Sound was transferred to Vardo.
Knowing that Sound had always been handled by our station chiefs, I warned Maxim that
he would take badly to having his connection reassigned to a woman.
Vardo
Sound -
Vardo
p.347 Q: Where did Vardo first meet Sound?
A: Vardo and Sound first met at a French restaurant downtown. The first meeting consisted
of Vardo familiarizing herself with Sounds agent network.
Q: What did Sound tell Vardo about his agents at this meeting?
A: S. spoke very briefly to V. about his agent network. Moreover, he did this with great
reluctance.
Q: Was anything else asked of Sound at this first meeting?
A: Yes, as I mentioned already, after the brief introduction to Sounds network, Vardo
brought up the possibility of transferring Antennas technical group from Sound to other
workers. Sound
Antenna
Black Notebook 187

reacted very badly to this, became nervous and didnt want to hand this group over, and in
response to Vardos observations and arguments, he said: I know it myself. I can manage it
myself, etc.
Q: Did you warn Sound in advance that he would be transferred to someone different?
A: Yes, I warned him about this. In response, he asked me, whats the matter? Arent I leaving?
Why did all this need to be done? And when I informed him that henceforth he would be working
with a woman, he openly expressed his displeasure.
Q: How did you explain why he was being transferred to a diff. person?
A: I explained to him that our bosses were doing this in the interests of our work. Sound replied,
I dont see any need for it. And when I accompanied Vardo to meetings with Sound, I
would notice that in conversation with V., Sound would speak reluctantly and various pieces of
material had to be dragged out of him. During conversations, he would more often than not
address me, would look only at me, and would pretend not to notice Vardo.
Q: Did Vardo meet with Sound often?
A: I dont know how often V. and Sound met after me, but when I was there, it wasnt very often.
I accompanied V. to meetings with Sound for half a year.
p.348 Q: Did you have to accompany Vardo to rendezvous with Sound many times?
A: 7 or 8 times, maybe 10.
Q: Why did all three of you need to meet?
A: I didnt see any oper. need for it. Maybe it was necessitated by the fact that V. couldnt detect
surveillance herself on account of her poor vision, and I suppose I was needed for this reason.
Q: Did V. invite you?
A: Maxim himself entrusted me with this work. As for V., she never invited me herself.
Q: Where did the meetings with Sound take place?
A: One meeting took place in an automobile; we drove outside the city. The other meetings took
place in various restaurants.
Q: Where would you leave the car?
A: Roughly 5 or 6 blocks away from the meeting place, and sometimes at the opposite end of the
city altogether.
Q: How longin terms of timedid the meetings between V. and Sound last?
A: The first meeting was long, the rest approximately 2-2.5 hours. These meetings were so long
because V. was not up to speed on matters and did not know who was in Sounds network.
Q: Sound gave V. last names, first names of people, where they work.
A: This he didnt talk about, only cover names were given.
Q: What did Sound talk about then?
A: He only talked about the possibilities of his people.
Q: Did you meet with Sounds courier, Clever Girl?
A: No, she was connected with Stock.
Clever
Girl
p.349 Q: Did Maxim meet with Sound?
A: I think he met with Sound twice. Shah told me about it.
Q: What about while you were connected with Sound?
A: He didnt meet with Sound once during that time, even though I asked him to do so.
Q: Whom was Sound transferred to when he was taken from Vardo?
A: To Shah.
Black Notebook 188

Q: Why was Sound given to Shah?
A: That I dont know, but this was done according to Maxims decision.
Q: When did this happen?
A: This happened at the end of 1943 or the beginning of 1944.
Q: In your opinion, was Shah able to work with Sound?
A: Shah is a young worker, he is competent, very useful, but I doubt that Sound could be
satisfied with his leadership, b/c I think that Sound was better prepared in matters of oper. work
than Shah. It was impossible to ignore the age difference between Sound and Shah.
Q: Who oversaw Shah Maxim or Vardo?
A: Maxim oversaw Shah.
Q: Whom do you know personally among Sounds agents?
A: I dont know anyone personally.
Q: And who do you know from exchanging views with Sound in the process of work, and during
meetings with him?
A: I think practically everyone.
Q: Who?
A: Pal, Clever Girl, Lloyd Ullmann,
149
Dir, Fir, Cautious, Antenna, Gnome,
Lens, Microphone, Vendor, Slave, Fedya, Helmsman, Helmsmans brother,
Helmsmans sister, Cavalryman, Page, Informator, Sam, Aileron. agents
p.350 Q: To meet with Sound, did you and Vardo go by taxi, bus, streetcar, subway?
A: Yes, we used every type of transportation in the city.
Q: How far ahead of the meetings with Sound would you leave the consulate?
A: When I went to meet Sound, I would usually leave about two hours in advance, for which I
was always reprimanded.
Q: Who reprimanded you and why?
A: For leaving the embassy too early to get to meetings. Maxim and Luka reprimanded me.
I thought that in order to be sure that no one was following you, it was better to clear out ahead
of time. Sound recommended this to me. He always did this himself. He would always remind
me that it was necessary to treat this matter seriously.
Q: And how far in advance would Vardo leave?
A: When she went with me, then same as me, two hours ahead of time. Before the meeting we
would wander around the stores and other places in the city.
Q: Were there any objections to this on Vs part?
A: She couldnt object, because she depended entirely on me.
[Leonid didnt know English? p.351]
p.358 [In 42, Maxim met several times with Helmsman. Charlie, H.s courier, and Vardo were
occasionally present.
Maxim -
Helmsman
p.359 Q: Did you receive materials from Sound?
A: Yes, I did. I took them to the consulate right away, photographed them myself, printed them
up and brought them to him or gave them to Clever Girl through Stock.
p.357 A: ...Maxim didnt notice any surveillance at all, even when I did.
Q: Why was this?
A: Maybe he was upset that he wasnt the first to notice. Only after I had patently insisted on
this and shown him the person, asked him to remember his face, only then did he agree: Yes,
Black Notebook 189

Im being followed. When I asked him why this was happening, if something is wrong on your
end, then say so. I think this has to do with Poland. Evidently, someone had been there and
seen me in uniform. That was the whole conversation, he didnt say anything else.
[Repeated violations of konspiratsia. Illegals stayed at operatives apartments.]
p.363 Q: Did you tell Maxim that all this was a violation of konspiratsia?
A: It was difficult for me to talk about such things. I had just arrived from Home, I simply
couldnt understand, I felt it wasnt my place to teach, and when I started saying things, I got
smacked upside the head: Its none of your business, I know this myself.
[Maxim called all the operatives by their cover names. In the consulate, he would yell up from
the 4
th
floor
p.364 to the 6
th
: Leonid, step in my office. And every clean
150
called him Leonid, although his
name was Aleksey.]
Vardo
p.365 [Vardo and Luka were Maxims deputies.]
p.366 [All the operatives knew each others work and contacts. Maxim called a conference where the
cover names and names of contacts were stated.
Q: What were relations like between our workers?
A: Very good, friendly.
Q: And what were relations like between Maxim, Luka and oper. staff?
A: Maxim is an excessively gregarious person, and the other one is conceited; everything is I
with him. He thought he was better than everyone else and acted haughtily toward everyone
around him.
Q: In what way?
A: He would often say to our workers: You dont understand anything, youre still boys, I have
experience, Ive won awards, and so forth.
Q: Did the oper. staff get any practical leadership assistance from Luka?
A: No, it didnt. He couldnt oversee my work with Sound in view of the fact that he didnt
know the working conditions, didnt know the network, or homes requirements...He would give
me 30-40 questions for Sound,
p.367 very minor ones. This is quite evident from the letters that were sent here. Finally, Luka
received a letterwhy is Leonid overworking Sound so much, and I say, it wasnt my
initiative...
Q: Did you observe any drinking binges among the comrades?
A: Luka and Roman drank together very often; apparently, they could relate through their
egos, seeing as both of them liked to talk about themselves. One time it almost ended in a fight
outside, which Stock and I both saw.
Q: Were they very drunk?
A: Roman was very drunk, Luka was in an elevated mood in any case.
Q: Did Luka beat his wife?
p.372 A: Yes, he beat her. My wife knows about this from Lukas wife.
The conversation was conducted by: Chief of the 3
rd
department, 1
st
directorate of the NKGB
USSR, Lieutenant Colonel of State Security Graur
Stenographer: Jr. Lieutenant of State Security Birkin. 18.09.44
Black Notebook 190

Notes
Black Notebook 191

1
Wrong case ending in original Russian. Alexander Vassiliev states that group was the intended meaning.
2
A.: America
3
Likely a garble for Burton F.W. Smith. See Alexander Vassiliev, White Notebook #1 [2007 Translation Into English],
trans. Steven Shabad (199396), 158.
4
Alexander Vassiliev note to himself that S-2 may be Col Pierce. In view of other entries about S-2 in the Navy
Department indicating that S-2 was a female secretary), this S-2 was not Colonel Pierce. Above there is a reference to S-II
as Pierce, either a confusion in the records or a confusion of S-II with S-2.
5
White a personal name, not White as a anti-Bolshevik emigre.
6
James P. Cannon. Misspelled as Canon in the original notebook.
7
In the original notebook Louis was misspelled as Luis and Labor as Labour and the closing parenthesis was
missing.
8
Alexander Vassiliev note to himself.
9
Alexander Vassiliev note to himself.
10
Alexander Vassiliev comment: Compromizing material.
11
In the original the name in English (in italic) is misspelled as Steel.
12
Appears to be a spelling/translation garble. Equitable Life Insurance is a possible candidate for the referenced company.
13
D.V.: Dalniy Vostok - the Far East.
14
Alexander Vassiliev comment: water, short for water-closet, i.e., throw into the toilet.
15
The word in the notebook is ship-kvartiry, a term without meaning in Russian. In context, shtab-kvartiry or
headquarters would make sense, but is not what is written. Possibley ship-kvartiry is a cover word or professional
slang of the time (it is in quotation marks in the original document, a convention often indicating a cover name) or possible
the word was simply written incorrectly.
16
Alexander Vassiliev reference After Gold is an note to himself that additional letters between Nikolay and Duche are in
the book "Station Chief Gold," a book provided to students of the Andropov Red Banner Institute (KGB training school).
17
Directive echelon; directivnaya instanciya, Soviet idiom for the leadership apparatus of the CPSU.
18
In other points in the notebooks, Island is a code-name for Great Britain, and Islander is a Briton. However, in this
case the English are listed separately, so it may mean Japan, or it's just a repetitive mistake in the original document.
19
Alexander Vassiliev comment: meaning Russian-Americans.
20
The Russian original is phonetically close to Fransforth but the reference is clearly to former USN Lieutenant
Commander John Farnsworth, arrested and indicted in 1936 and convicted in 1937 for espionage in the service of Japan.
21
The phrase evidently, repressive measures was Alexander Vassilievs note to himself that the recent changes in the
aviation industry likely referred to the arrest of Tupolev in October 1937 during the Great Terror. Tupolev was charged
with selling blueprints of fighters to Germany.
22
Alexander Vassiliev believes that ordered was a mistake and that the word should be showed.
23
Alexander Vassiliev note to himself.
24
Alexander Vassiliev comment: boats meaning seaplanes.
25
Alexander Vassiliev comment: assignment meaning the information wanted in an intelligence assignment, in this case
the questions wanted about naval war ships.
26
Akkumulyatoram, or accumulators.
27
Alexander Vassiliev comment: him meaning Morris.
28
POV: Alexander Vassiliev personal abbreviation for point of view.
29
Alexander Vassiliev comment. Forwarding E.s statement [to you],
30
Indel: abbreviation for Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the original.
31
While given as Gregory here, above and at several points latter in this notebook this agent is designated as Gregor.
32
Refers to reports sent between KGB stations and the Center on undeveloped rolls or strips of film. If a courier feared that
the film was in danger of being seized, he or she could quickly expose the film and destroy its contents.
Black Notebook 192

33
Alexander Vassiliev comment: This sentence is garbled. King was attempting to persuade her to move to the USSR.
34
Communications and archives division likely a reference to the DOSs Division of Communications and Records,
known until 1931 as the Bureau of Indexes and Archives. The Division of Communications and Records managed and
distributed the State Department incoming and outgoing diplomatic communications and maintained its permanent records,
files, and archives.
35
Alexander Vassiliev comment. Center in this instance refers to Washington, Dc. Elsewhere, including in the heading of
this note, Jung to Center, Center refers to the KGB headquarters in Moscow. In this passage, however, Center is
used as reference to Washington, DC.
36
Alexander Vassiliev note.
37
Alexander Vassiliev comments that not workers means that the latter three, Redhead, Boruch, and Anya, were not
professional KGB officers and was not an indication that their activity was insufficient.
38
Alexander Vassiliev comments that his notebook has Gaboy, a word with no meaning in Russian, and states that this
was an error in his note taking for Goboy, meaning Oboe.
39
In April 1935 Federal prosecutors announced an investigation into immigration fraud that resulted in the indictment and
imprisonment of a number of employees of the Immigration and Naturalization Service and private persons with whom they
worked.
40
Division of informaton and archives is likely a reference to DOSs Division of Communications and Records.
41
Defense Committee could refer to the House or Senate Military Affairs committees or the Senate Special Committee to
Investigate the National Defense Program.
42
Precisely what orgnizatons is referenced is unclear.
43
Precisely what organization is referenced here is unclear.
44
Alexander Vassiliev comment. Usually probationers means non-professional agents. But here it refers to young and
recently arrived professional officers.
45
Misspelled as Gullick in the original.
46
SK: reference unclear. May be Sovetskaya Koloniya" (Soviet Colony), and the import is to persons sent for security
oversight of Soviet personnel in the U.S., colloquially the SK line.
47
Alexander Vassiliev comments that this note indicates his initial thought was that Vadim was designating Homers wife
(Melinda Maclean) with the cover name Bogdan, thus duplicating that of a KGB officer, but on reflection thinks that Vadim
was indicating that Bogdan would be the link to Melinda Maclean.
48
Books: tradecraft term for passports.
49
Alexander Vassiliev comments this his handwriting here is difficult to decipher and could be read as either European
American or Jewish American but that Jewish American was intended.
50
Alexander Vassiliev states that the question mark reflects his puzzlement that Molotovs note was dated October 2, 1945
but, according to the document, the meeting took place October 24, 1945.
51
Alexander Vassiliev believes he inadvertently copied the same phrase twice.
52
The cover name, Ryzhy, is the masculin form of Readhead in Russian. Ryzhaya, the feminine form of Redhead
in Russian, is the cover name for a different person, Hede Massing.
53
Izra is a name that in Russian appears feminine, and muzhik, Russian for man, is a marginal note Alexander
Vassiliev made to himself to indicate that the records showed the Izra was male.
54
Operatives
55
Masters in 1948 was a KGB tradecraft term for sources and agents.
56
Alexander Vassiliev comment: a check meeting was one held to verify that the agent/source was free of hostile
surveillance, generally done by having other KGB operatives surveil the meeting and look for signs of FBI surveillance.
57
Alexander Vassiliev comment: abbreviation for journalist Communist.
58
Alexander Vassiliev comment: refers to diplomatic delegations, that is, the staff of embassies and consulates.
59
Wadleighs name was Henry Julian Wadleigh, but Cyrillic as no equivalent of the Latin J. Why A was substituted is
unclear.
60
Alexander Vassiliev states that the interjection [a.k.a. Jurist] was his note to himself and not in the original document
from which he made his notes.
61
The original text has the first two letters reversed: Nislerman.
Black Notebook 193

62
A literal translation of the original would produce D. Silverman rather than G. Silverman. The Silverman referenced
here is Abraham George Silverman. In life Silverman dropped his first name and was know as George Silverman. The
name George when rendered in Cyrillic Russian and then transcribed into the Latin alphabet produces Dzhordzh. And
the first letter alone produces D. Thus the D. Silverman rather than G. Silverman. This confusion exists only in the
literal Latin alphabet transcription, not in the Cyrillic Russian original. A more accurate English rendering, used here, is to
adopt G. Silverman.
63
Alexander Vassiliev states that the interjection (Dept. of Justice?)" as his note to himself and not in the original document
from which he made his notes.
64
Misspelled as Gumpertz in the original.
65
Alexander Vassiliev states that the interjection (a.k.a. 19) was his note to himself and not in the original document he
was summarizing.
66
Alexander Vassiliev states that the interjections [Eck] and [a.k.a. Pal] were his notes to himself.
67
Alexander Vassiliev states that the interjection [a.k.a. Informer] was his note to himself and not in the original
document he was summarizing.
68
The original Russian, Gruzd, is a variety of milk-mushroom or milk-agaric. For simplicity, rendered Mushroom here.
69
Park is misspelled as Parp in the original notebook. Willard Park was on the staff of Nelson Rockefellers Office of
the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs.
70
Alexander Vassiliev comments that it is likely that L. stood for liquidation and in this context liquidation meant killing
defectors and traitors.
71
The original Russian contains a grammatical error: the our refers to a plural noun where it should refer to a singular
noun (archive).
72
In the context of the original Russian it appears that a letter is missing that would change material to materials.
73
Alexander Vassiliev notes that the interjection (Czechoslovakian representative p. 107) is his own note to himself and
not part of the document he summarized.
74
Alexander Vassiliev comment: marshallized was a word created from the name of Secretary of State George Marshall
and the Marshall Plan that delivered American economic aid to postwar Western Europe.
75
As indicated by the Arial font, this is an Russian Cyrillic phonetic rendering of an English title, and the original is
"Amerikenz for Khabana. Given the context, this is clearly an attempt for title of the Zionist Americans for Haganah.
76
Alexander Vassiliev states that he believes he inadvertently missed some words in quoting this text.
77
Alexander Vassiliev states that while he wrote shortcoming he intended shortcomings.
78
A. of Anglia: England.
79
Moscow.
80
Error in the original. Sterns first name was Alfred.
81
Moscow.
82
Alexander Vassiliev note asking himself if Vic was a cover name. In this case it was a familiar nick name for Victor Perlo
(Raid).
83
The Russian is Vik, which may be translated as either Vic or Vick. Here in the notebooks Vik as a cover name
will be translated as Vick to distinguish it from Vic the familiar nick name for Victor.
84
Alexander Vassiliev comments that, the Aldrich Ames case being in his mind, he noted details about Edward Ames in case
the two were related.
85
Alexander Vassiliev note to himself about whether the U.S. Department of Interior was involved with the U.S. atomic
project.
86
Civil was misspelled Civile in the original notebook.
87
Alexander Vassilievs note to himself.
88
The abbreviation in the notebook is VVS, standard Soviet abbreviation for the Soviet Air Force: Voyenno-vozdushnye
sily (Military Air Force), here rendered as its American equivalent, the AAC, Army Air Corps.
89
Spelled Zerro in the original notebook.
90
Wrong case ending to the Russian word.
91
Tolls spelled Talls in the original notebook.
92
While unclear, factory in this context may be the cover name for Amtorg.
Black Notebook 194

93
This is a real name, not a cover name, that of Russian immigrant chemist Medes Grineff. The original notebook used the
Russian spelling of his name, Grinev.
94
Typo in the Russian text.
95
Ell is a variant of the cover name that appeared earlier on pages 98 and 104 as El.
96
The Russian text transliterates as RSA, but this is an attempt to render RCA in Russian Cyrillic.
97
Alexander Vassiliev comments that he believes Ten was his mistake for Twain. (In Russian Ten and Tven.) Ten
was the cover name for a KGB officer at the New York station in the late 1930s. Twain was the cover name for Semen
Semenov, a KGB officer assigned to technological espionage at the New York station in 1943.
98
Enormous.
99
Alexander Vassiliev comments that Perseus is his mistake for Persian. On how retired KGB officer Vladimir Chikov
inserted the cover name Perseus into the literature, see Joseph Albright and Marcia Kunstel, Bombshell: The Secret Story of
Americas Unknown Atomic Spy Conspiracy (New York: Times Books, 1997), 26777; Vladimir Chikov, How the Soviet
Secret Service Split the American Atom, New Times [Russia] 16 & 17 (2330 April 1991).
100
In Alexander Vassilievs handwritten notebook Henry is physically located in the right margin but is, in fact, part of
the text (as translated here) rather than one of Alexander Vassilievs marginal annotations.
101
Alexander Vassiliev note that some of the same incident if recounted in the memoir of retired FBI agent Robert
Lamphere. Robert J. Lamphere and Tom Shachtman, The FBI-KGB War a Special Agents Story (Macon, GA: Mercer
University Press, 1995), 16768.
102
The original notebook has NASA rather than NACA. Gnome (William Perl), however, worked for NACA, the
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (and predecessor to NASA, National Aeronauctic and Space
Administration). There is a Russian tendency to use the Russian Cyrillic C, which transliterates as S in the Latin
alphabet, to represent the Latin C.
103
Alexander Vassiliev comments that the items numbered 1-6 are notes independent of the cover names to the left.
104
This chart is rotated 90 to the right in the handwritten notebook.
105
Note by Alexander Vassiliev that names marked with + have a camera to photograph documents.
106
Alexander Vassiliev note that names in parenthesis () are connected to the Enormous target.
107
Rosenberg misspelled Rozenberg in the original notebook.
108
McNutt misspelled McNut in the original notebook. He was also born in 1914, not in 1916.
109
Studied is a KGB tradecraft term for vetting, a background check on the target.
110
Saville misspelled Sarille in the original notebook.
111
Franey misspelled Francy in the original notebook.
112
Smeltzer misspelled as Smelzer in the original notebook.
113
Morkovin misspelled Markovin in the original notebook.
114
Haas misspelled as Hass in the original notebook.
115
Spelling error in the Russian text in the original notebook.
116
Senya is Morton Sobell, so likely Mody is an error for Morty.
117
Alexander Vassiliev believes this page number is in error.
118
Academic appears to be a cover name for some sort of activities. The interjection (agent? Communist?) is
Alexander Vassilievs note to himself as to what it might mean.
119
(insert) designates blank space in a document where the necessary text, usually a real name or a name of an
organization, is written by hand later. It was a method of keeping names in secret from a typist.
120
(hist. document!) is Alexander Vassiliev note to himself.
121
Hudson is in the text, but Alexander Vassiliev has added Huron in the margin as a note to himself that possibly
Hudson is an error for Huron, a source know to be assigned to the Enormous target, the matter dealt with in the
passage. In fact, the same situation is also discussed in Yellow Notebook #1, p. 72, except there it is reported that
Arno/Gold had left the phone number of John with Charles/Fuchs via Fuchs sister. There, again, Alexander
Vassiliev made a note, likely with this earlier earlier notation in the Black Notebook in mind, that possibly John is another
cover name for Huron. But Huron was neither Hudson nor John. The solution is found in Venona. Hudson
appears in four messages in 1944: Venona 640 KGB New York to Moscow, 6 May 1944; Venona 823 KGB New York to
Moscow, 7 June 1944; Venona 1275 KGB New York to Moscow, 7 September 1944; Venona 1403 KGB New York to
Black Notebook 195

Moscow, 5 October 1944. The four messages do not identify Hudson but indicate that he had some leads of political
intelligence interest but was otherwise used to place sources in Jewish organizations and functioned as a liaison with active
sources. Additionally, in October, 1944, Hudson cover name was changed to John. As John, he appears in only one
additonal message: Venona 1754 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 December 1944, where it is noted that his KGB control
officer was being changed from Aleksey/Yatskov (who had handled atomic intelligence) to Abram/Soble.
122
The original is spelled Fanton, but this is believed to be a garble for Foton, i.e. Photon.
123
Vassiliev note: Konspirativnaya kvartira, a safe house.
124
The Russian here, patron, can also be translated as shell or cartridge.
125
What follows are Alexander Vassiliev notes from Station Chief Gold, a book about the career of the illegal officer Iskhak
Akhmerov issued to students at the KGB training academy, the Andropov Red Banner Institute.
126
Alexander Vassiliev states that in is an error for for.
127
A large conference hall with columns in the KGB club at Lubyanka. where they organize party conferences, concerts,
and ceremonial events.
128
Case ending error in the Russian text in the notebook.
129
Soviet bureaucratic convention confirming that the above statement is accurate.
130
Western Europe.
131
Gebert misspelled as Gerbert in the original.
132
Alexander Vassiliev comments that Luiza was an error in the original for Liza.
133
Blank in the original.
134
Alexander Vassiliev note to himself speculating if Transatlantica had something to do with the Amerasia case.
135
Both Transatlantic and Transatlantica (above) were given.
136
Alexander Vassiliev interjection in the text that H-n is Harbin, China.
137
Street where the Comintern was headquartered.
138
The Russian, tochka, translates as point but in KGB jargon means station.
139
There appears to be a missing word here, most likely states.
140
Error in text: should be with him.
141
Case ending error in the Russian in the notebook.
142
Russian Cyrillic letter X. The Russian X transliterates as Kh, but in this case is functioning in the same way as
the Latin X, indicating an unnamed person, and is here left as X.
143
Case ending error in the Russian.
144
Grammar error in the notebook: should be was.
145
Error in the original for Vladimir Georgievich Dekanozov.
146
The question mark is Alexander Vassilievs note to himself asking if this is a cover name, party name, or something else.
147
Closing quotation marks at the end of this passage, but opening marks are missing, although implied.
148
Alexander Vassiliev comment: the word used in the document is incorrect. It should be useless.
149
Mistake in original for Ludwig Ullmann.
150
Those personnel who were not part of the KGB apparatus were said to be clean.

Black Notebook 196