Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful materials into the Earth's

atmosphere, possibly causing disease, death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or
thenatural or built environment.
The atmosphere is a complex natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on
planet Earth. Stratosphericozone depletion due to air pollution has been recognized as a threat to human health as
well as to the Earth'secosystems.
Indoor air pollution and urban air quality are listed as two of the worlds worst toxic pollution problems in the
2008Blacksmith Institute World's Worst Polluted Places report.
[1]
According to the 2014 WHO report, air pollution in
2012 caused the deaths of around 7 million people worldwide.
[2]


Noise pollution is the disturbing or excessive noise that may harm the activity or balance of human or animal life.
The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines and transportation systems, motor
vehicles, aircraft, and trains.
[3][4]
Outdoor noise is summarized by the word environmental noise. Poor urban
planning may give rise to noise pollution, since side-by-side industrial and residential buildings can result in noise
pollution in the residential areas.
Indoor noise can be caused by machines, building activities, and music performances, especially in some
workplaces. There is no great difference whether noise-induced hearing loss is brought about by outside (e.g. trains)
or inside (e.g. music) noise.
High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects in humans, a rise in blood pressure, and an increase in
stress and vasoconstriction, and an increased incidence of coronary artery disease. In animals, noise can increase
the risk of death by altering predator or prey detection and avoidance, interfere with reproduction and navigation, and
contribute to permanent hearing loss.

land pollution, the deposition of solid or liquid waste materials on land or underground in a manner that can
contaminate the soil and groundwater, threaten public health, and cause unsightly conditions and nuisances.
The waste materials that cause land pollution are broadly classified as municipal solid waste (MSW, also called
municipal refuse), construction and demolition (C&D) waste or debris, andhazardous waste. MSW includes
nonhazardous garbage, rubbish, and trash from homes, institutions (e.g., schools), commercial establishments, and
industrial facilities. Garbage contains moist and decomposable (biodegradable) food wastes
(e.g., meat and vegetable scraps); rubbish comprises mostly dry materials such as paper, glass, textiles,
and plastic objects; and trash includes bulky waste materials and objects that are not collected routinely for disposal
(e.g., discarded mattresses, appliances, pieces of furniture). C&D waste (or debris) includes wood and metal objects,
wallboard, concrete rubble, asphalt, and other inert materials produced when structures are built, renovated, or
demolished. Hazardous wastes include harmful and dangerous substances generated primarily as liquids but also as
solids, sludges, or gases by various chemical manufacturing companies, petroleum refineries, paper mills, smelters,
machine shops, dry cleaners, automobile repair shops, and many other industries or commercial facilities. In addition
to improper disposal of MSW, C&D waste, and hazardous waste, contaminated effluent from subsurface sewage
disposal (e.g., from septic tanks) can also be a cause of land pollution.


Smog is a type of air pollutant. The word "smog" was made in the early 20th century as a portmanteau of the
words smoke andfog to refer to smoky fog.
[1]
The word was then intended to refer to what was sometimes known
as pea soup fog, a familiar and serious problem in London from the 19th century to the mid 20th century. This kind of
smog is caused by the burning of large amounts of coal within a city; this smog
contains soot particulates from smoke, sulfur dioxide and other components. Modern smog, as found for example
in Los Angeles, is a type of air pollution derived from vehicular emission from internal combustion engines and
industrial fumes that react in the atmosphere with sunlight to form secondary pollutants that also combine with the
primary emissions to form photochemical smog. The atmospheric pollution levels of Los Angeles, Mexico City and
other cities are increased by inversion that traps pollution close to the ground. It is usually highly toxic to humans and
can cause severe sickness, shortened life or death
Coinage of the term "smog" is generally attributed to Dr. Henry Antoine Des Voeux in his 1905 paper, "Fog and
Smoke" for a meeting of the Public Health Congress. The July 26, 1905 edition of the London newspaper Daily
Graphic quoted Des Voeux, "He said it required no science to see that there was something produced in great cities
which was not found in the country, and that was smoky fog, or what was known as 'smog.'"
[2]
The following day the
newspaper stated that "Dr. Des Voeux did a public service in coining a new word for the London fog." "Smog" also
appears in a January 19, 1893, Los Angeles Times article and is attributed to "a witty English writer."

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). Water
pollution occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequatetreatment to
remove harmful compounds.
Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging
not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities.

Category[edit]
Surface water and groundwater have often been studied and managed as separate resources, although they are
interrelated.
[8]
Surface water seeps through the soil and becomes groundwater. Conversely, groundwater can also
feed surface water sources. Sources of surface water pollution are generally grouped into two categories based on
their origin.

A passbook or bankbook is a paper book used to record bank transactions on a deposit account. Depending on the
country or the financial institution, it can be of the dimensions of a chequebook or a passport.
The Post Office Savings Bankintroduced passbooks to rural 19th century Britain
Traditionally, a passbook is used for accounts with a low transaction volume, such as a savings account. A bank
teller orpostmaster would write, by hand, the date and amount of the transaction, the updated balance, and enter his
or her initials. In the late 20th century, small dot matrix or inkjet printers were introduced capable of updating the
passbook at the account holder's convenience, either at an automated teller machine or a passbook printer, either in
a self-serve mode, by post, or in a branch.
An ATM card (also known as a bank card, client card, key card, or cash card) is any payment card issued by
a financial institutionto its customers which enables a customer to access an automated teller machine (ATM) for
transactions such as deposits, cash withdrawals, obtaining account information, and other types of banking
transactions. The payment card may be any card which has that feature enabled, and may be a debit, credit, a
limited-use ATM or other card. Interbank networks allow the use of ATM cards at ATMs of financial institutions other
than those of the issuing institution.
ATM cards can also be used on improvised ATMs, such as merchants' card terminals that deliver ATM features
without any cash drawer (commonly referred to as mini ATMs).
[1][2]
These terminals can also be used as Cashless
scrip ATMs by cashing the fund transfer receipt at the merchant's Cashier.
[3]

The first ATM cards were issued by Barclays in London, in 1967, and by Chemical Bank in Long Island, New York, in
1969.
[4]


A paycheck, also spelt pay cheque, is traditionally a paper document (a cheque) issued by
an employer to pay an employeefor services rendered. In recent times, the physical paycheck has been increasingly
replaced by electronic direct deposits to the employee's designated bank account or loaded onto a payroll card.
Employees may still receive a pay slip to detail the calculations of the final payment amount.
A pay slip, pay stub, paystub, pay advice, or sometimes paycheck stub, is a document an employee receives
either as a notice that the direct deposit transaction has gone through, or is attached to the paycheck. Each country
has laws as to what must be included on a pay slip, but which would typically include details of the gross wages for
the pay period and the taxesand any other deductions the employer is required to make by law; as well as other
personal deductions such as retirement plan or pension contributions, insurances, garnishments, or charitable
contributions taken out of the gross amount to arrive at the final net amount of the pay, also including the year to date
totals in some circumstances.