Batman is a fictional superhero who appears in American comic books published by DC
Comics, as well as in a number of movie, television, and videogame adaptations. The character
was created by artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger, and first appeared in Detective
Comics #27 (May 1939). Originally named "the Bat-Man", the character is also referred to by
such epithets as "the Caped Crusader",[5] "the Dark Knight",[5] and "the World's Greatest
Detective".[5]
Batman is the secret identity of Bruce Wayne, an American billionaire, industrialist, and
philanthropist. Having witnessed the murder of his parents as a child, he swore revenge on
criminals, an oath tempered with a sense of justice. Wayne trains himself both physically and
intellectually and dons a bat-themed costume to fight crime.[6] Batman operates in the
fictional Gotham City, assisted by various supporting characters including his crime-fighting
partner, Robin, his butler Alfred Pennyworth, the police commissioner Jim Gordon, and
occasionally the heroine Batgirl. He fights a large assortment of villains, often referred to as the
"rogues gallery", which includes the Joker, the Penguin, the Riddler, Two-Face, Ra's al
Ghul, Scarecrow, Poison Ivy, and Catwoman. Unlike most superheroes, he does not possess
any superpowers; he makes use of intellect, detective skills, science and technology, wealth,
physical prowess, martial arts skills, an indomitable will, fear, and intimidation in his continuous
war on crime.
Batman became popular soon after his introduction and gained his own comic book
title, Batman, in 1940. As the decades wore on, differing interpretations of the character
emerged. The late 1960s Batman television series used a camp aesthetic which continued to be
associated with the character for years after the show ended. Various creators worked to return
the character to his dark roots, culminating in 1986 with The Dark Knight Returns by Frank
Miller, followed by Batman: The Killing Joke by Alan Moore and Arkham Asylum: A Serious
House on Serious Earth by Grant Morrison. The success of Warner Bros.' liveaction Batman feature films have helped maintain public interest in the character.[7]
An American cultural icon, Batman has been licensed and adapted into a variety of media, from
radio to television and film, and appears on a variety of merchandise sold all over the world
such as toys and video games. The character has also intrigued psychiatrists with many trying
to understand the character's psyche. In May 2011, Batman placed second on IGN's Top 100
Comic Book Heroes of All Time,[8] after Superman.Empire magazine listed him second in their
50 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time. The character has been portrayed in films
by Lewis Wilson, Robert Lowery, Adam West, Michael Keaton, Kevin Conroy, Val
Kilmer, George Clooney, Christian Bale, and by Ben Affleck in the 2016 movie, Batman v
Superman: Dawn of Justice.