The SeaMonkey project is a community effort to develop the SeaMonkey all-in-one internet

application suite. Such a software suite was previously made popular by Netscape and Mozilla,
and the SeaMonkey project continues to develop and deliver high-quality updates as well as new
features and improvements to this concept. Containing an Internet browser, email & newsgroup
client, HTML editor, IRC chat and web development tools, SeaMonkey is sure to appeal to
advanced users, web developers and corporate users.
SeaMonkey is built on the open source Mozilla Gecko engine, the same code
which underlies the highly successful siblings Firefox and Thunderbird. SeaMonkey benefits
from the cross-fertilization with these other projects, by gaining (and contributing) new features
and the ongoing security updates which are a modern necessity. The Mozilla Foundation
provides hosting and legal backing for the SeaMonkey Project.

1.

Sync allows you to keep your browsing history, passwords, bookmarks, preferences and tabs in
sync across different devices (computers) in a secure way.
Tabbed browsing gives you a better way to surf the net. You no longer have to open one page at
a time. With tabbed browsing, open several pages at once with one click. Plus, your homepage

can be multiple pages, in tabs. And if you mistakenly close a tab or window, functionality to
Undo Closed Tab or Window helps you bring it back to continue working with it.
Session restore brings back all your open windows and tabs after the rare occasion that
SeaMonkey crashesand if you wish even when you close and reopen the browser or restart
your computer. However, crashes should be rare nowadays because crashing plug-ins will no
longer take the whole application down.
SeaMonkey's powerful Add-ons Management provides almost infinite possibilities to extend
your Internet experience both through installing additional functionality created by others and
even freely developing your own extensions and providing them to the rest of the SeaMonkey
community.
SeaMonkey's unique Data Manager serves as a central management interface for all kinds of
site-specific data, including cookies, permissions (e.g. image blocking), preferences, passwords
and form data.
Lightweight themes (Personas) let you give your SeaMonkey a personal touch through simple
theming. You can choose from thousands of Personas!
Feed detection notifies you when web pages offer RSS or Atom feeds, and feed preview lets
you view their contents and choose a reader with which to subscribe to thoseincluding an
internal reader in the Mail & Newsgroups component of SeaMonkey.
Smart Location Bar enables you to search your visited web pages as you type into the browser's
location bar and find what you want to re-visit as quickly as possible by learning which pages
you visit frequently.
Popup blocker lets you surf the web without interruption from annoying ads.
Find as you type gives you another way to navigate a page. Just start typing to jump from link to
link or to find a word or phrase within a page.
Safe Mode can help you solve problems that might occur, e.g. with incompatible add-ons. If you
need to ask someone for support, the Troubleshooting Information page provides quick access
to basic technical information.
Plus all the features a modern browser should have, including: Advanced security settings,
download management, web form autocompletion, themes, toolbar customization, multilanguage and multi-platform support, plus support for the latest web standards.

Google Chrome is a freeware web browser[10] developed by Google. It used the WebKit layout
engine until version 27 and, with the exception of its iOS releases, from version 28 and beyond
uses the WebKit fork Blink.[11][12][13] It was first released as a beta version for Microsoft Windows
on September 2, 2008, and as a stable public release on December 11, 2008.
As of July 2014, StatCounter estimates that Google Chrome has a 45% worldwide usage share of
web browsers, indicating that it is the most widely used web browser in the world.[14]
Google releases the majority of Chrome's source code as an open-source project Chromium.[15][16]
A notable component that is not open source is the built-in Adobe Flash Player.
1. Task Manager for Websites

While you are inside Google Chrome, press Shift+Escape and it will open up a task manager
with a list of all websites currently open inside Chrome.

2. Visual Browser History

This is a feature Chrome borrowed from Google Desktop / Google Web History. Type Ctrl+H to
open your browser history and search for a term.

3. Super Clean Contextual Menus

I simply love this. You right click an hyperlink on a web page and you get only five relevant
options to deal with that link.

The number comes down to four when you right click any image in Chrome. Theres way too
much clutter in Firefox menus.

4. Search Your Favorite Websites from the Address Bar

This is brilliant. If you visit a website that includes site search (for instance: search.labnol.org)
Chrome will automatically recognize and add that search engine for you so the next time you can
perform a search on that site via the Chrome address bar itself.

5. See Memory Used by Different Browsers

Open a new tab inside Chrome browser and type "about:memory" (without quotes) somewhere
at the top, youll see a list of browser processes that are currently running on your system and the
amount of memory they are using.

6. Reopen Website tabs that you closed by mistake

Firefox 3 has this "Undo Closed Tab" option in the menu while you can open closed tabs in
Opera via the Ctrl+Z shortcut.

7. Launch Websites from the Start Menu / Quick Launch Bar

Desktop shortcuts for web pages are possible with other browsers as well but Google Chrome
make the whole flow very easy. Open any site and choose "Create application shortcut" from the
File menu.

Mozilla Firefox (known simply as Firefox) is a free and open-source[20] web browser developed
for Windows, OS X, and Linux, with a mobile version for Android, by the Mozilla Foundation
and its subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation. Firefox uses the Gecko layout engine to render web
pages, which implements current and anticipated web standards.[21]
As of February 2014, Firefox has between 12% and 22% of worldwide usage, making it, per
different sources, the third most popular web browser.[22][23][24][25] According to Mozilla, Firefox
counts over 450 million users around the world.[26] The browser has had particular success in
Indonesia, Iran, Germany, and Poland, where it is the most popular browser with 55%,[27] 46%,[28]
43%,[29] and 41%[30] of the market share, respectively.

Major differences[edit]
To avoid interface bloat and ship a relatively smaller core customizable to meet individual users'
needs, and allow for corporate or institutional extensions to meet their varying policies, Firefox
relies on a robust extension system to allow users to modify the browser according to their
requirements instead of providing all features in the standard distribution.
While Opera (web browser) and Google Chrome do the same, extensions for these are fewer in
number as of late 2013. Internet Explorer also has an extension system but less widely supported
than that of others. Developers supporting multiple browsers almost always support Firefox, and
in many instances exclusively. As Opera has a policy of deliberately including more features in
the core as they prove useful, the market for extensions is relatively unstable but also there is less
need for them. The sheer number of extensions is not a good guide to the capabilities of a
browser.
Protocol support and the difficulty of adding new link type protocols also vary widely across not
only these browsers but across versions of these browsers. Opera has historically been most
robust and consistent about supporting cutting-edge protocols such as robust file sharing
eDonkey links or bitcoin transactions. These can be difficult to support in Firefox without
relying on unknown small developers, which defeats the privacy purpose of these protocols.
Instructions for supporting new link protocols vary widely across operating systems and Firefox
versions, and are generally not implementable by end users who lack systems administration
comfort and the ability to follow exact detailed instructions to type in strings.

Web technologies support[edit]

Main article: Gecko (layout engine)

Firefox supports most basic Web standards including HTML, XML, XHTML, CSS (with
extensions[1]), JavaScript, DOM, MathML, SVG, XSLT and XPath.[2] Firefox's standards support
and growing popularity have been credited as one reason Internet Explorer 7 was to be released
with improved standards support.[3]
Since Web standards are often in contradiction with Internet Explorer's behavior, Firefox, like
other browsers, has a quirks mode. This mode attempts to mimic Internet Explorer quirk modes,
which equates to using obsolete rendering standards dating back to Internet Explorer 5, or

alternately newer peculiarities introduced in IE 6 or 7.[4] However, it is not completely

compatible.[5] Because of the differing rendering, PC World notes that a minority of pages do not
work in Firefox,[6] however Internet Explorer 7 quirk mode does not either.[4]
CNET notes that Firefox does not support ActiveX controls by default, which can also cause
webpages to be missing features or to not work at all in Firefox.[7] Mozilla made the decision to
not support ActiveX due to potential security vulnerabilities, its proprietary nature and its lack of
cross-platform compatibility.[8][9][10] There are methods of using ActiveX in Firefox such as via
third party plugins but they do not work in all versions of Firefox or on all platforms.[11]
Beginning on December 8, 2006, Firefox trunk nightly builds pass the Acid2 CSS standards
compliance test, so all future releases of Firefox 3 will pass the test.[12]
Firefox also implements[13] a proprietary protocol[14] from Google called "safebrowsing", which is
not an open standard.

Cross-platform support[edit]
Unsupported versions for old operating systems

Apple
Mac OS X

v10.1

1.0.8

v10.2-10.3

2.0.0.20

v10.4-10.6

3.6.28 [15]

OS/2 and eComStation

Microsoft
Windows

Version

3.5.4 [16]

95

1.5.0.12

NT 4/98/ME

2.0.0.20

2000

12.0 and 10.0.12esr

Mozilla Firefox runs on certain platforms that coincide OS versions in use at the time of release.
In 2004 version 1 supported older operating systems such as Windows 95 and Mac OS X 10.1,
by 2008 version 3 required at least OS X 10.4 and even Windows 98 support ended.
Various releases available on the primary distribution site can support the following operating
systems, although not always the latest Firefox version.

Various versions of Microsoft Windows, including 98, 98SE, ME, NT 4.0, 2000, XP, Server 2003,
Vista, 7 and 8.
OS X
Linux-based operating systems using X.Org Server or XFree86

Builds for Solaris (x86 and SPARC), contributed by the Sun Beijing Desktop Team, are
available on the Mozilla web site.[17]
Mozilla Firefox 1.x installation on Windows 95 requires a few additional steps.
Since Firefox is open source and Mozilla actively develops a platform independent abstraction
for its graphical front end, it can also be compiled and run on a variety of other architectures and
operating systems. Thus, Firefox is also available for many other systems. This includes OS/2,
AIX, and FreeBSD. Builds for Windows XP Professional x64 Edition are also available. Mozilla
Firefox is also the browser of choice for a good number of smaller operating systems, such as
SkyOS and ZETA.
Firefox uses the same profile format on the different platforms, so a profile may be used on
multiple platforms, if all of the platforms can access the same profile; this includes, for example,
profiles stored on an NTFS (via FUSE) or FAT32 partition accessible from both Windows and
Linux, or on a USB flash drive. This is useful for users who dual-boot their machines. However,
it may cause a few problems, especially with extensions.

Aero peek capability[edit]

Mozilla has included aero peek capability for each tab on Windows 7. This feature was
previously not enabled by default (but can be user enabled), but now is included as a full feature
of Firefox. This resulting in a displayed thumbnail image of the tab. This will create similar
functioning to that which is already included in IE8.

Security[edit]
Firefox includes many features designed to improve security. Key features include a sandbox
security model, same origin policy, external protocol whitelisting, a phishing detector, and an
option to clear all private data, such as browser history and cookies.[citation needed]
Firefox is open source software, and thus, its source code is visible to everyone. This allows
anyone to review the code for security vulnerabilities, whether their intentions are good or
malicious.[18] It also allowed the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to give funding for the
automated tool Coverity to be run against Firefox code.[19]
Additionally, Mozilla has a security bug bounty system - anyone who reports a valid critical
security bug receives a $3000 (US) cash reward for each report and a Mozilla T-shirt.[20] With
effect from December 15, 2010 Mozilla added Web Applications to its Security Bug Bounty
Program.[21][22]

Tabbed browsing[edit]

An example of Firefox 3.5 with two tabs

Firefox supports tabbed browsing, which allows users to open several pages in one window. This
feature was carried over from the Mozilla Application Suite, which in turn had borrowed the
feature from the popular MultiZilla extension for Mozilla.
Firefox also permits the "homepage" to be a list of URLs delimited with vertical bars (|), which
are automatically opened in separate tabs, rather than a single page.
Firefox 2 supports more tabbed browsing features, including a "tab overflow" solution that keeps
the user's tabs easily accessible when they would otherwise become illegible, "session store"
which lets the user keep the opened tabs across the restarts, and an "undo close tab" feature.

Pop-up blocking[edit]
Firefox also includes integrated customizable pop-up blocking. Firefox was given this feature
early in beta development, and it was a major comparative selling point of the browser until
Internet Explorer gained the capability in the Windows XP SP2 release of August 25, 2004.
Firefox's pop-up blocking can be turned off entirely to allow pop-ups from all sites. Firefox's
pop-up blocking can be inconvenient at times it prevents JavaScript-based links opening a
new window while a page is loading unless the site is added to a "safe list" found in the options
menu.
In many cases it is possible to view the pop-up's URL by clicking the dialog that appears when
one is blocked. This makes it easier to decide if the pop-up should be displayed.

Private Browsing[edit]
Private Browsing, also known popularly as "Porn Mode", was introduced in Firefox 3.5, which
released on June 30, 2009. This feature lets users browse the Internet without leaving any traces
in the browsing history.

Download manager[edit]

Firefox 3.0.8 Download Manager

An integrated customizable download manager is also included. Downloads can be opened

automatically depending on the file type, or saved directly to disk. By default, Firefox downloads

all files to a user's desktop on Mac and Windows or to the user's home directory on Linux, but it
can be configured to prompt for a specific download location. Version 3.0 added support for
cross-session resuming (stopping a download and resuming it after closing the browser). From
within the download manager, a user can view the source URL from which a download
originated as well as the location to which a file was downloaded.

Live bookmarks[edit]
Powered by RSS or Atom feeds, "Live Bookmarks", allow users to dynamically monitor changes
to their favorite news sources. Instead of treating RSS-feeds as HTML pages like most news
aggregators do, they are treated as bookmarks that are automatically updated in real-time with a
link to the appropriate source.

Other features[edit]

Screenshot of performing "Find as you type". "ency" was being typed and the first matched text was
highlighted in green.

Find as you type[edit]

Firefox also has an incremental find feature known as "Find as you type", invoked by pressing
Ctrl+F. With this feature enabled, a user can simply begin typing a word while viewing a web
page, and Firefox automatically searches for it and highlights the first instance found. As the user
types more of the word, Firefox refines its search. Also, if the user's exact query does not appear
anywhere on the page, the "Find" box turns red. Ctrl+G can be pressed to go to the next found
match. Alternatively the slash (/) key can be used instead to invoke the "quick search". The
"quick search", in contrast to the normal search, lacks search controls and is wholly controlled by
keyboard. In this mode highlighted links can be followed by pressing the enter key. The "quick
search" has an alternate mode which is invoked by pressing the apostrophe (') key, in this mode
only links are matched.

Mycroft Web Search[edit]

A built-in Mycroft Web search function features extensible search-engine listing; by default,
Firefox includes plugins for Google and Yahoo!, and also includes plugins for looking up a word
on dictionary.com and browsing through Amazon.com listings. Other popular Mycroft search
engines include Wikipedia, eBay, and IMDb.

Smart Bookmarks[edit]
Smart Bookmarks (aka Smart keywords) can be used to quickly search for information on
specific Web sites.[23] A smart keyword is defined by the user and can be associated with any
bookmark, and can then be used in the address bar as a shortcut to quickly get to the site or, if the
smart keyword is linked to a searchbox, to search the site. For example, "imdb" is a pre-defined
smart keyword; to search for information about the movie 'Firefox' on IMDb, jump to the
location bar with the CTRL+L shortcut, type "imdb Firefox" and press the Enter key or just
simply type in "imdb" if one wants to get to the frontpage instead.

Chrome[edit]
The chrome packages within Firefox control and implement the Firefox user interface.[24]

Version 2.0 and above[edit]

Main article: Mozilla Firefox 2

Enhanced search capabilities[edit]

Search term suggestions will now appear as users type in the integrated search box when using
the Google, Yahoo! or Answers.com search engines. A new search engine manager makes it
easier to add, remove and re-order search engines, and users will be alerted when Firefox
encounters a website that offers new search engines that the user may wish to install.

Microsummaries[edit]
Support for Microsummaries was added in version 2.0. Microsummaries are short summaries of
web pages that are used to convey more information than page titles. Microsummaries are
regularly updated to reflect content changes in web pages so that viewers of the web page will
want to revisit the web page after updates. Microsummaries can either be provided by the page,
or be generated by the processing of an XSLT stylesheet against the page. In the latter case, the
XSLT stylesheet and the page that the microsummary applies to are provided by a
microsummary generator. Support for Microsummaries was removed as of Firefox 6.[25]
External links:

Microsummaries - MozillaWiki

Live Titles[edit]
When a website offers a microsummary (a regularly updated summary of the most important
information on a Web page), users can create a bookmark with a "Live Title". Compact enough
to fit in the space available to a bookmark label, they provide more useful information about
pages than static page titles, and are regularly updated with the latest information. There are

several websites that can be bookmarked with Live Titles, and even more add-ons to generate
Live Titles for other popular websites. Support for Live Titles was removed as of Firefox 6.[25]

Session Restore[edit]
The Session Restore feature restores windows, tabs, text typed in forms, and in-progress
downloads from the last user session. It will be activated automatically when installing an
application update or extension, and users will be asked if they want to resume their previous
session after a system crash.

Inline spell checker[edit]

A built-in spell checker enables users to quickly check the spelling of text entered into Web
forms without having to use a separate application.

Usability in version 2[edit]

Firefox 2 was designed for the average user, hiding advanced configuration and making features
that do not require user interaction to function.[26] Jim Repoza of eWEEK states[27]

eWEEK Labs found Firefox 2.0, which can be downloaded at www.mozilla.com, to have the
greatest out-of-the-box usability of any Web browser that we have tested (and that's a lot of
Web browsers).

Firefox also won UK Usability Professionals' Association's 2005 award for "Best software
application".[28]

Version 3.0 and above[edit]

Main article: Mozilla Firefox 3

Star button[edit]
Quickly add bookmarks from the location bar with a single click; a second click lets the user file
and tag them.

Tags[edit]

Smart Location Bar[edit]

Firefox 3 includes a "Smart Location Bar". While most other browsers, such as Internet
Explorer, will search through history for matching web sites as the user types a URL into the
location bar, the Smart Location Bar will also search through bookmarks for a page with a
matching URL. Additionally, Firefox's Smart Location Bar will also search through page titles,
allowing the user to type in a relevant keyword, instead of a URL, to find the desired page.

Firefox uses frecency and other heuristics to predict which history and bookmark matches the
user is most likely to select.

Library[edit]
View, organize and search through bookmarks, tags and browsing history using the new Library
window. Create or restore full backups of this data whenever with a few clicks.

Smart Bookmark Folders[edit]

Users can quickly access their most visited bookmarks from the toolbar, or recently bookmarked
and tagged pages from the bookmark menu. Smart Bookmark Folders can be created by saving a
search query in the Library.

Full page zoom[edit]

From the View menu and via keyboard shortcuts, the new zooming feature lets users zoom in
and out of entire pages, scaling the layout, text and images, or optionally only the text size.
Zoom settings will be remembered for each site.

Text selection improvements[edit]

In addition to being able to double-click and drag to select text by words; or triple-click and drag
to select text by paragraph. Ctrl (Cmd on Mac) can be held down to retain the previous selection
and extend it instead of replacing it when doing another selection.[29]

Web-based protocol handlers[edit]

Web applications, such as a user's favorite webmail provider, can now be used instead of desktop
applications for handling mailto: links from other sites. Similar support is available for other
protocols (Web applications will have to first enable this by registering as handlers with Firefox).

Add-ons and extensions[edit]

See also: Add-on (Mozilla)

An Internet Explorer 7 style theme: Vista Aero applied to Firefox 3 on Windows Vista.

There are six types of add-ons in Firefox: extensions, themes, language packs , plugins, social
features and apps. Firefox add-ons may be obtained from the Mozilla Add-ons web site or from
other sources.

Extensions[edit]
See also: List of Firefox extensions

Firefox users can add features and change functionality in Firefox by installing extensions.
Extension functionality is varied; such as those enabling mouse gestures, those that block
advertisements, and those that enhance tabbed browsing.
Features that the Firefox developers believe will be used by only a small number of its users are
not included in Firefox, but instead left to be implemented as extensions.[30] Many Mozilla Suite
features, such as IRC chat (ChatZilla) and calendar have been recreated as Firefox extensions.
Extensions are also sometimes a testing ground for features that are eventually integrated to the
main codebase. For example, MultiZilla was an extension that provided tabbed browsing when
Mozilla lacked that feature.
While extensions provide a high level of customizability, PC World notes the difficulty a casual
user would have in finding and installing extensions as compared to their features being available
by default.[6]
Most extensions are not created or supported by Mozilla. Extensions have the same rights to the
user's system as Firefox itself, and malicious extensions have been created.[31] Mozilla provides a
repository of extensions that have been reviewed by volunteers and are believed to not contain
malware. Since extensions are mostly created by third parties, they do not necessarily go through
the same level of testing as official Mozilla products, and they may have bugs or
vulnerabilities.[32]

Themes[edit]
Firefox also supports a variety of themes for changing its appearance. Themes are simply
packages of CSS and image files. Many themes can be downloaded from the Mozilla Update
web site.

Language packs[edit]
Language packs are dictionaries for spell checking of input fields.

Plugins[edit]

Firefox supports plugins based on Netscape Plugin Application Program Interface (NPAPI), i.e.
Netscape-style plugins. As a side note, Opera and Internet Explorer 3.0 to 5.0 also support
NPAPI.
On June 30, 2004, the Mozilla Foundation, in partnership with Adobe, Apple, Macromedia,
Opera, and Sun Microsystems, announced a series of changes to web browser plugins. The new
API will allow web developers to offer richer web browsing experiences, helping to maintain
innovation and standards. The new plugin technologies are expected to be implemented in the
future versions of the Mozilla applications.
Mozilla Firefox 1.5 and later versions include the Java Embedding plugin,[33] which allow Mac
OS X users to run Java applets with the latest 1.4 and 5.0 versions of Java (the default Java
software shipped by Apple is not compatible with any browser, except its own Safari).

Apps[edit]
See also: Mozilla Marketplace

After the releases of Firefox OS based on stack of web technologies, Mozilla added a feature to
install mobile apps on PC using Firefox as base.

Customizability[edit]
Beyond the use of Add-ons, Firefox additional customization features.

The position of the toolbars and interface are customizable

User stylesheets to change the style of webpages and Firefox's user interface.

A number of internal configuration options are not accessible in a conventional manner through
Firefox's preference dialogs, although they are exposed through its about:config interface.

Internet Explorer[a] (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer[b] and Windows Internet

Explorer[c], commonly abbreviated IE or MSIE) is a series of graphical web browsers developed
by Microsoft and included as part of the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, starting
in 1995. It was first released as part of the add-on package Plus! for Windows 95 that year. Later
versions were available as free downloads, or in service packs, and included in the Original
Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) service releases of Windows 95 and later versions of Windows.
Internet Explorer is one of the most widely used web browsers, attaining a peak of about 95%
usage share during 2002 and 2003.[6] Its usage share has since declined with the launch of Firefox
(2004) and Google Chrome (2008), and with the growing popularity of operating systems such
as OS X, Linux and Android that do not run Internet Explorer. Estimates for Internet Explorer's
overall market share range from 27.4% to 54.13%, as of October 2012 (browser market share is
notoriously difficult to calculate). Microsoft spent over US$100 million per year on Internet
Explorer in the late 1990s,[7] with over 1000 people working on it by 1999.[8]
Since its first release, Microsoft has added features and technologies such as basic table display
(in version 1.5); XMLHttpRequest (in version 5), which aids creation of dynamic web pages; and
Internationalized Domain Names (in version 7), which allow Web sites to have native-language
addresses with non-Latin characters. The browser has also received scrutiny throughout its
development for use of third-party technology (such as the source code of Spyglass Mosaic, used
without royalty in early versions) and security and privacy vulnerabilities, and both the United
States and the European Union have alleged that integration of Internet Explorer with Windows
has been to the detriment of other browsers.
The latest stable release is Internet Explorer 11, with an interface allowing for use as both a
desktop application, and as a Windows 8 application.
Versions of Internet Explorer for other operating systems have also been produced, including an
Xbox 360 version called Internet Explorer for Xbox and an embedded OEM version called
Pocket Internet Explorer, later rebranded Internet Explorer Mobile, which is based on Internet
Explorer 9 and made for Windows Phone, Windows CE, and previously, based on Internet
Explorer 7 for Windows Mobile. It remains in development alongside the desktop versions.
Internet Explorer for Mac and Internet Explorer for UNIX (Solaris and HP-UX) have been
discontinued.
From January 12, 2016, only the most recent version of Internet Explorer on each operating
system will be supported, depending on operating system it will be IE 11 or could be down to IE
9 for older Windows versions.[9]
On April 26, 2014, Microsoft issued a security advisory relating to a vulnerability that could
allow "remote code execution" in Internet Explorer versions 6 to 11.[10] The vulnerability was
resolved with a security update on May 1, 2014.[11]