B.
E AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
CURRICULUM & SYLLABI 2013
Department of Automobile Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
KARPAGAM UNIVERSITY
Karpagam Academy of Higher Education
(Established under Section 3 of UGC Act 1956)
Eachanari, Coimbatore-641 021. INDIA
COURSE OF STUDY AND SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS
SUB. CODE
TITLE OF THE COURSE
CIA
ESE
TOTAL
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
3
40
40
40
60
60
60
100
100
100
40
60
100
40
60
100
40
60
100
CIA
ESE
TOTAL
40
60
100
0
0
0
0
3
3
40
40
60
60
100
100
40
60
100
40
60
100
40
60
100
SEMESTER I
15DEAE101
15DEAE102
15DEAE103
15DEAE111
15DEAE112
15DEAE113
THEORY
3
2
3
PRACTICALS
Automotive Chassis & Transmission
0
Lab
Automotive Engine and Components
0
Lab
Fuels and Engine Testing Lab
0
TOTAL
Automotive Engines
Automotive Chassis
Automotive Transmission
SUB. CODE
TITLE OF THE COURSE
SEMESTER II
15DEAE201
15DEAE202
15DEAE203
15DEAE211
15DEAE212
15DEAE213
THEORY
Automotive Electrical And Electronics
3
systems
Special Type of Vehicles
3
Vehicle Maintenance
3
PRACTICALS
Two and Three Wheeler Lab
0
Automobile Vehicle Maintenance and
0
Reconditioning Lab
Auto Scanning and Vehicle Testing Lab
0
TOTAL
15DEAE101
AUTOMOTIVE ENGINES
3003
INTENDED OUTCOMES:
To learn the fundamental principles, construction and auxiliary systems of automotive
petrol and diesel engines.
UNIT I
ENGINE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION
Constructional details of four stroke petrol and diesel engine, working principle, air standard Otto
cycle and diesel cycle, two stroke engine construction and operation, comparison of four stroke
and two stroke engine operation, firing order and its significance. Port Timing, Valve Timing of
petrol and diesel engines.
UNIT II
FUEL FEED SYSTEM
Carburettor working principle, Circuits of carburetors. Constant vacuum carburetors, fuel feed
systems; mechanical and electrical fuel feed pumps.
Petrol injection Systems (MPFI,
TBI,GDI,CRDI), Diesel fuel injection systems-Jerk pumps, distributor pumps, pintle and multihole
nozzles, Unit injector and common rail injection systems. Injection pump calibration. Need for a
governor for diesel engines. Description of a simple diesel engine governor.
UNIT III
COOLING, LUBRICATION AND IGNITION SYSTEM
Need for cooling system, Types of cooling system: air cooling system, liquid cooling system,
forced circulation system, pressure cooling system. Lubrication system; mist, wet sump lubrication
system, properties of lubricants.
Types and working of battery coil ,magneto ignition systems, relative merits and demerits,
centrifugal and vacuum advance mechanisms. Types and construction of spark plugs, electronic
ignition systems.
UNIT IV
COMBUSTION AND COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
Combustion in SI engine; stages of combustion, flame propagation, Delay period, Uncontrolled
combustion, Effect of Delay period, rate of pressure rise, abnormal combustion, detonation, effect
of engine variables on knock, knock rating. Combustion chambers; different types, Combustion in
CI Engines, Direct and indirect injection combustion chambers for CI engines. Importance of
Swirl, squish and turbulence. Factors considering combustion chamber design.
UNITV
SUPERCHARGING, TURBOCHARGING AND ENGINE TESTING
Supercharging and Turbo charging, Different methods of turbo charging, intercooling,
Turbocharger controls - waste gate, variable geometry, variable nozzle types. Dynamometers
indicated thermal, brake thermal and volumetric efficiencies. Measurement of friction, Cylinder
pressure measurement. Engine performance maps,
Engine testing standards.
TEXT BOOKS
SL.NO. AUTHOR(S)
TITLE OF THE BOOK
1.
Ganesan.V
2.
Mathur .M.L and
R.P.Sharma
Internal Combustion
Engines
4th Edition
A course in internal
combustion engines
3.
Ramalingam.K.K
Internal Combustion
Engines
PUBLISHER
YEAR OF
PUBLICATION
Tata McGraw-Hill 2012
Publishing Co.,
New Delhi
Dhanpat Rai &
2001
Sons Publications,
New Delhi
SciTech
2011
Publications,
Chennai.
REFERENCES
SL.NO. AUTHOR(S)
TITLE OF THE BOOK
PUBLISHER
1.
John B. Heywood
2.
Heldt.P.M,1
Internal Combustion Engine McGraw-Hill.
Fundamental
High Speed Combustion
Oxford IBH
Engines
Publishing Co.,
YEAR OF
PUBLICATION
1988
1975
Calcutta.
3.
Obert.E.F
4.
William
H.Crouse,1985
5.
Ellinger.H.E
Internal Combustion Engines International Text 1988
Analysis and Practice
Books Co.,
Scrantron,
Pennsylvania
Automotive Engines
McGraw-Hill
2006
Publishers.
Automotive Engines
Prentice Hall
1992
Publishers.
6.
Pulkrabek
Engineering Fundamentals of Practice Hall of
the Internal Combustion
India.
Engines
7.
R.Soundararajan
Automktive Engines
WEB REFERENCES
www.howstuffworks.com
www.howautowork.com
www.sae.org
www.innovativeengineersindia.com
www.animatedengines.com
www.popularmechanics.com
www.themotorbookstore.com
R.P.Publications
2003
15DEAE102
AUTOMOTIVE CHASSIS
2103
INTENDED OUTCOMES:
Students will be able to know the basics of Automobile Chassis Components.
Students will be able to construction and Working principle of Front Axle, Rear Axle,
Wheels, Tyres, Final Drive, Steering System, Brakes and Suspension System.
UNIT I INTRODUCTION
Types of chassis layout, Vehicle frames. Various types of frames. Constructional details, Materials.
Testing of vehicle frames. Unitised frame body construction: Loads acting on vehicle frame.
UNIT II FRONT AXLE AND STEERING SYSTEM
Types of front axles. Construction details. Materials. Front wheel geometry viz. Castor, Camber,
King pin inclination, Toe-in - Conditions for true rolling motion of wheels during steering, turning
radius, Wheel wobble and shimmy. Ackerman and Davis steering system. Constructional details of
steering linkages. Different types of steering gear boxes. Steering linkages and layouts for
conventional and independent suspension system. Power and power assisted steering.
UNIT III DRIVE LINE, REAR AXLE, FINAL DRIVE, AND DIFFERENTIAL
Effect of driving thrust and torque reactions. Hotch-kiss drive, torque tube drive and radius rods.
Propeller shaft. Universal joints. Constant velocity universal joints. Front wheel drive.
Construction of rear axles. Types of loads acting on rear axles. Full floating. Three quarter floating
and semi floating rear axles. Rear axle housing. Construction of different types of axle housings.
Multi axled vehicles. Construction details of multi drive axle vehicles. Different types of final
drive. Double reduction and twin speed final drives. Differential principles. Constructional details
of differential unit. Non-slip differential. Differential lock - Differential housing.
UNIT IV SUSPENSION SYSTEM
Need of suspension system - Types of suspension - Suspension springs - Constructional details and
characteristics of leaf, coil and torsion bar springs - Independent suspension - Rubber suspension Pneumatic suspension - Hydro Elastic suspension - Shock absorbers. Vibration and driving
comfort.
UNIT V BRAKING SYSTEM, WHEELS AND TYRES
Necessity of brake, stopping distance and duration, brake efficiency, weight transfer, shoe brake
and disc brake. Determination of braking torque. Brake actuating systems - Mechanical, Hydraulic
and Pneumatic - Detailed study of components. Parking and engine exhaust brakes. Factors
influencing brake performance. Power and power assisted brakes. Antilock Braking System
(ABS). Types of wheels - construction. Function of tyres - Solid and pneumatic Tyres.
Constructional details of pneumatic tyres.
TEXT BOOKS
SL.NO. AUTHOR(S)
TITLE OF THE BOOK
PUBLISHER
YEAR OF
PUBLICATION
1.
Tim Gilles
2.
Heldt .P.M
Automotive ChassisBrakes,Steering and
Suspension
Automotive Chassis
Thomson Delmar 2005
Learning
Chilton Co., New 1990
York.
3.
Reimpell.J, Stoll.H
and Betzler.J.W
REFERENCES
The Automotive Chassis", 2nd SAE International 2001
Edition
SL.NO. AUTHOR(S)
TITLE OF THE BOOK
PUBLISHER
YEAR OF
PUBLICATION
1.
Birch,
Automotive Braking SystemsThomson Asia
1999
2.
Birch,
Automotive Chassis Systems Thomson Asia
2000
3.
Birch,
4.
Newton, Steeds and
Garrett
Automotive Suspension and Thomson Asia
1999
Steering Systems
The Motor vehicle, 13th
SAE 2001
edition
Butterworths, India
5.
Judge.A.W
Mechanism of the car
6.
John Peter Whitehead, Car Suspension and
Donald Bastow
Handling", 4th Edition
Allied publishers
limited, SAE.
7.
R.Soundararajan
Automotive Chassis and
Transmissikn system
R.P.Publications
8.
Dr.Kirpl singh
Automobile Engineering
Standard
Publishers
Distributors
WEB REFERENCES
www.sae.org
www.automedia.com
www.autozine.org
www.carbodydesign.com
Chapman and Halls 1986
Ltd., London
2004
12th edition
2012
15DEAE103 AUTOMOTIVE TRANSMISSION
INTENDED OUTCOMES:
On completion of
this
course,
the
3003
student
will
know
about
the
clutch,
gearbox,hydrodynamic drives, automatic transmission, hydrostatic drive and electric drive
inautomobiles, their principle of operation and performance.
UNIT I
CLUTCH AND GEAR BOX
Requirements
of
transmission
system.
Different
types
of
clutches,
principle,
Construction,Applications. Objective of the gearbox - Gear Ratio Calculation. Different types of
gearboxes - operation. Gear shifting mechanism.
UNIT II HYDRODYNAMIC DRIVE
Fluid coupling - principle of operation, constructional details, Torque converter - Principle of
operation, constructional details, converter coupling, multistage and poly phase torque converters.
UNIT III AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
Ford -T model gearbox, Wilson gearbox, Cotal electromagnetic transmission, Automatic over
drive, Hydraulic control system for automatic transmission.
UNIT IV AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION APPLICATIONS
Chevrolet Turbo glide transmission, Toyota "ECT-i" Power glides Transmission (Automatic
Transmission with Intelligent Electronic control system), Mercedes Benz Automatic transmission,
Hydraulic actuation system for automatic transmission system.
UNIT V HYDROSTATIC AND ELECTRIC DRIVES
Hydrostatic drive - principle, types, advantage and limitations. Comparison of hydrostatic drive
with hydrodynamic drive. Construction and working of typical Janny hydrostatic drive.
Electric drive - Principle of early and modified Ward Leonard Control system. Advantage &
limitations.
TEXT BOOKS
SL.NO. AUTHOR(S)
TITLE OF THE BOOK
PUBLISHER
YEAR OF
PUBLICATION
1.
2.
Garrett.T.K,
Newton.K and
Steeds.W
Heinz Heisler
Motor Vehicle
Advanced Vehicle
Technology
Butter Worths & 2001
Co. Publishers Ltd,
New Delhi
Butterworth
2002
Heinemann
Publishers
REFERENCES
SL.NO. AUTHOR(S)
TITLE OF THE BOOK
PUBLISHER
YEAR OF
PUBLICATION
1.
Heldt.P.M
Torque converters
Chilton Book Co. 1992
2.
Newton and Steeds
The Motor vehicle
life Publishers.
3.
Judge.A.W
4.
Modern Transmission
systems
Crouse.I , Anglin.D.L Automotive Transmission
and Power Trains
construction
WEB REFERENCES
www.autorepair.about.com
www.howstuffworks.com
www.automobileindia.com
www.transmission-symposium.com
1985
Chapman and Hall 1990
Ltd
McGraw Hill.
1976
15DEAE111
AUTOMOTIVE CHASSIS AND TRANSMISSION LAB
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1
Dismantling and assembling of clutch assembly
Dismantling and assembling of gear box assembly
Dismantling and assembling of propeller shaft and universal joint assembly
Dismantling and assembling of drive shaft assembly
Dismantling and assembling of differential assembly
Dismantling and assembling of different types of rear axle floating
Dismantling and assembling of steering box assembly
Dismantling and assembling of suspension system
Dismantling and assembling of air-braking system
10
Dismantling and assembling of hydraulic braking system.
11
Bleeding of hydraulic braking system and brake adjustment
12
13
Clutch and brake pedal play adjustment
Study of Frames used for HMV, LMV, Car and Two Wheelers.
0032
15DEAE112
AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE AND COMPONENTS LAB
0 0 3 2
1. Dismantling of 4 cylinder petrol engine.
2. Assembling of 4 cylinder petrol engine.
3. Dismantling of 6 cylinder diesel engine.
4. Assembling of 6 cylinder diesel engine.
5. Study of oil filter, fuel filter, fuel injection system, carburetor, MPFI & CRDI
6. Study of ignition system components - coil, magneto and electronic ignition systems.
7. Study of engine cooling system components
8. Study of engine lubrication system components
9. Ovality and taper measurement of cylinder bore and comparison with standard specifications
10. Ovality and taper measurement of engine crank shaft and comparison with standard
specification
15DEAE113 FUELS AND ENGINE TESTING LAB
FUELS LAB
1. Determination of Viscosity of Oils - Red Wood Viscometer.
2. Determination of Flash Point and Fire Point of fuels
IC ENGINE TESTING LAB
1. Study of hydraulic, electrical and eddy current dynamometers
2. Valve timing and port timing diagram
3. Performance test on two wheeler SI engine
4. Performance test on automotive multi-cylinder SI & CI engines
5. Retardation test on I.C. Engines.
6. Heat balance test on automotive multi-cylinder SI & CI engines
7. Morse test on multi-cylinder SI engine
0032
15DEAE201
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
3003
OBJECTIVES
To understand about the batteries, charging system, starting system and fundamentals of
automotive electronics.
UNIT I
BATTERIES AND ACCESSORIES
Principle and construction of lead acid battery, various tests on batteries, maintenance and
charging. Lighting system: insulated and earth return system, details of head light and side light,
LED lighting system, head light dazzling and preventive methods - Horn, wiper system and
trafficator.
UNIT II
CHARGING SYSTEM
Generation of direct current, shunt generator characteristics.Voltage and current regulators,
compensated voltage regulator, alternators principle and constructional aspects and bridge
rectifiers, new developments.
UNITIII
STARTING SYSTEM
Condition at starting, behavior of starter during starting, series motor and its characteristics,
principle and construction of starter motor, working of different starter drive units, care and
maintenances of starter motor, starter switches.
UNIT IV
FUNDAMENTALS OF AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS
Current trends in automotive electronic engine management system, electro magnetic interference
suppression, electromagnetic compatibility, electronic dashboard instruments, onboard diagnostic
system, security and warning system.
UNIT V
SENSORS AND ACTUVATORS
Types of sensors: sensor for speed, throttle position, exhaust oxygen level, manifold pressure,
crankshaft position, coolant temperature, exhaust temperature, air mass flow for engine
application. Solenoids, stepper motors, relay.
TEXT BOOKS
SL.NO. AUTHOR(S)
TITLE OF THE BOOK
PUBLISHER
YEAR OF
PUBLICATION
1.
Young U.P and
Griffiths L
Automotive Electrical
Equipment
ELBS & New
Press
1999
2.
William B.Riddens
Understanding Automotive
Electronics", 5th Edition
Butterworth
Heinemann
Woburn
1988
TITLE OF THE BOOK
PUBLISHER
YEAR OF
REFERENCES
SL.NO. AUTHOR(S)
PUBLICATION
1.
Bechhold
Understanding Automotive
Electronics
SAE.
2.
Crouse.W.H
Automobile Electrical
Equipment", 3rd Edition
McGraw-Hill Book1986
Co.,
1998
Inc.,
New
York.
3.
Judge.A.W
4.
Kholi.P.L
5.
Robert Bosch
Modern Electrical Equipment Chapman & Hall, 1992
of Automobiles
London
Automotive Electrical
Tata McGraw-Hill 2004
Equipment
Co Ltd., New
Delhi
th
Automotive Hand Book", 5 SAE.
2000
Edition
6.
Ganesan.V
Internal Combustion Engines Tata McGraw-Hill2012
Publishing
Co.,
New Delhi
WEB REFERENCES
www.automotive-technology.co.uk
www.autoelectronics.com
15DEAE202
SPECIAL TYPE OF VEHICLES
3 0 0 3 100
INTENDED OUTCOMES:
The main objective of this course is to introduce the concept and principle of
operation of special vehicles such as Bulldozers, Ditchers, Bucket excavators, farm
equipments, military vehicles etc. At the end of the course, the students can have a
better understanding of the application of the special types of vehicles in the
excavation of earth.
UNIT I
EARTH MOVING AND CONSTRUCTIONAL EQUIPMENTS
Construction layout, capacity and applications of earthmovers for dumpers, front-end loaders,
bulldozers, excavators, backhoe loaders, scrappers, motor graders etc. criteria for selection of
prime mover fro dumpers and front end loaders based on vehicle performance characteristics.
UNIT II
POWER TRAIN CONCEPTS
Engine - converter match curves. Epicyclic type transmissions. Selection criteria for universal
joints. Constructional details of steerable and drive axles of dumper.
UNIT III
VEHICLE SYSTEMS, FEATURES
Brake system and actuation - OCDB and dry disc caliper brakes. Body hoist and bucket
operational hydraulics. Hydro-pneumatic suspension cylinders. Power steering system. Kinematics
for loader and bulldozer operational linkages. Safety features, safe warning system for dumper.
Design aspects on dumper body, loader bucket and water tank of sprinkler. Articulated vehicles,
double decker. Fire fighting equipment.
UNIT IV
SPECIAL PURPOSE VEHICLES FOR INDUSTRIAL
APPLICATIONS
Constructional features, capacity and stability of jib cranes. Vibratory compactors. Stackers,
borewell machines, concrete mixtures.
UNIT V
FARM EQUIPMENTS, MILITARY AND COMBAT VEHICLES
Ride and stability characteristics, power take off, special implementations. Special features and
constructional details of tankers, gun carriers and transport vehicles. Harvesting vehicles.
TEXT BOOKS:
SL.NO. AUTHOR(S)
TITLE OF THE BOOK PUBLISHER
1.
Pipenger.
Industrial Hydraulics.
Mcgraw Hill, Tokoyo.
YEAR OF
PUBLICATION
1979.
2.
A. Astakhov.
Truck cranes.
MIR Publishers,
1971.
Moscow.
3.
Bart H Vanderveen. Tanks and Transport
Vehicles.
Frederic Warne and co. 1974.
Ltd., London.
4.
K. Abrosimov, A.
Bromberg and F.
Katayer.
MIR
Publisher, Moscow.
5.
Road making
machineries.
SAE Handbook - Vol III,
1975.
1995.
15DEAE203
VEHICLE MAINTENANCE
3 0 0 3 100
INTENDED OUTCOMES:
At the end of the course, the students will be able to have a complete knowledge of
the vehicle maintenance procedures and acquire skills in handling situations where
the vehicle is likely to fail.
UNIT I
MAINTENANCE TOOL, SHOP, SCHEDULE, RECORDS
Standard tool set, torque wrenches, compression and vacuum gauges, engine analyzer and scanner,
computerized wheel alignment and balancing, gauges for engine tune up and pollution
measurement, spark plug cleaner, cylinder re boring machine, fuel injection calibration machine.
Importance of maintenance. Schedule and unscheduled maintenance. Scope of maintenance.
Equipment downtime. Vehicle inspection. Reports. Log books. Trip sheet. Lay out and
requirements of maintenance shop.
UNIT II
POWER PLANT REPAIR AND OVERHAULING
Dismantling of power plant and its components. Cleaning methods. Inspection and checking.
Repair and reconditioning methods for all engine components. Maintenance of ignition system,
fuel injection system, cooling system,- lubrication system. Power plant trouble shooting chart.
UNIT III MAINTENANCE, REPAIR AND OVERHAULING OF THE CHASSIS
Maintenance, servicing and repair of clutch, fluid coupling, gearbox, torque converter, propeller
shaft. Maintenance of front axle, rear axle, brakes, steering systems. Tyre maintenance.
UNIT IV
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF VEHICLE BODY
Body panel tools for repairing. Tinkering and painting. Use of soldering, metalloid paste.
UNIT V
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Care, maintenance, testing and trouble shooting of battery, starter motor, dynamo, alternator and
regulator. Transistorized regulator problems.
TEXT BOOKS:
SL.NO. AUTHOR(S)
TITLE OF THE BOOK
PUBLISHER
YEAR OF
PUBLICATION
3rd Edition, Pitman1969.
Paperpack, London
.
1.
A.W.Judge.
Motor Vehicle Servicing.
2.
W.Crouse.
Everyday Automobile repair. Intl.student edition,1986.
TMH, New Delhi.
3.
Ernest Venk., Edward Automotive maintenance and D.B. Taraporevala1963.
spicer.
trouble shooting.
Sons, Bombay.
REFERENCES:
SL.NO. AUTHOR(S)
1.
Stator Abbey.
2.
Frazee, fledell,
Spicer.
TITLE OF THE
BOOK
Automotive steering,
braking and suspension
overhaul.
Automobile collision
Work.
PUBLISHER
3.
John Dolce.
Fleet maintenance.
Mcgraw Hill, Newyork. 1984.
4.
A,W.Judge.
Maintenance of high
speed diesel engines.
Chapman Hall Ltd.,
London.
1956.
5.
V.L.Maleev.
Diesel Engine operation McGraw Hill Book
and maintenance.
CO., Newyork..
1995.
pitman
publishing, London.
YEAR OF
PUBLICATION
1971.
American technical
1953.
publications, Chicago.
15DEAE211
TWO AND THREE WHEELER LAB
1. Road performance test of a two-wheeler using chassis dynamometer.
2. Performance test of a shock absorber.
3. Performance test on coil spring.
4. Two-wheeler chain tension test.
5. Brake and clutch adjustment as per specification.
6. Dismantling and assembling of two-wheeler gear box and finding gear ratio.
7. Dismantling and assembling of three-wheeler gear box and finding gear ratio.
8. Three-wheeler brake and clutch play adjustment.
9. Dismantling and assembling of three-wheeler steering system.
10. Study of three-wheeler chassis frame and power transmission system.
0032
15DEAE212
AUTOMOBILE VEHICLE MAINTENANCE AND RE-CONDITIONING
LAB
0032
I AUTOMOBILE VEHICLE MAINTENANCE
1. Study and layout of an automobile repair, service and maintenance shop.
2. Study and preparation of different types of tools and instruments, different statements/records
required for the repair and maintenance works
3. Minor and major tune up of gasoline and diesel engines
4. Fault diagnosis in electrical and electronic ignition systems
5. Gasoline fuel system, diesel fuel system and rectification
6. Study of faults in the electrical systems such as Head lights, Side of Parking lights, Trafficator
lights, Electric horn system, Windscreen wiper system, Starter system and charging system.
7. Study of fuel filters (both gasoline and diesel engines) and air cleaners (dry and wet)
8. Simple tinkering, soldering works of body panels, study of door lock and window glass rising
mechanisms.
9. Adjustment of pedal play in clutch, brake, hand brake lever and steering wheel play
10. Air bleeding from hydraulic brakes, air bleeding of diesel fuel system.
11. Adjustment of head lights beam.
II AUTOMOBILE RE-CONDITIONING
12. Removal and fitting of tire and tube.
13. Cylinder reboring - checking the cylinder bore.
14. Setting the tool and reboring.
15. Valve grinding, valve lapping.
16. Setting the valve angle and checking for valve leakage
17. Calibration of fuel injection pump
18. Chassis alignment testing
15DEAE213 AUTO SCANNING AND VEHICLE TESTING LAB
1. Computerized engine analyzer study and practice;
2. Computerized wheel balancing machine study and practice:
3. Computerized wheel alignment machine study and practice;
4. Head light focusing test;
5. Exhaust emission test of petrol and diesel engine;
Study of NDIR Gas Analyser and FID.
Study of Chemiluminescent NOx analyzer.
Measurement of HC, CO, CO2, O2 using exhaust gas analyzer.
Diesel smoke measurement.
0032
