NS185

Major Substations Building

Design Standard
September 2013
Amendments: NSAs 1738 Dec 2013 & 1766 Jul 2014

SUMMARY
Network Standard NS185 details the general requirements for various Construction,
Architectural, Civil and Structural engineering aspects to be considered and
included into the design of Major Substations.
ISSUE
For issue to all Ausgrid and Accredited Service Providers staff involved with the
design of Major Substations.
Ausgrid maintains a copy of this and other Network Standards together with updates
and amendments on www.ausgrid.com.au.
Where this standard is issued as a controlled document replacing an earlier edition,
remove and destroy the superseded document.
DISCLAIMER
As Ausgrids standards are subject to ongoing review, the information contained in
this document may be amended by Ausgrid at any time.
It is possible that conflict may exist between standard documents. In this event, the
most recent standard shall prevail.
This document has been developed using information available from field and other
sources and is suitable for most situations encountered in Ausgrid. Particular
conditions, projects or localities may require special or different practices. It is the
responsibility of the local manager, supervisor, assured quality contractor and the
individuals involved to ensure that a safe system of work is employed and that
statutory requirements are met.
Ausgrid disclaims any and all liability to any person or persons for any procedure,
process or any other thing done or not done, as a result of this Standard.
Note that compliance with this Network Standard does not automatically satisfy the
requirements of a Designer Safety Report. The designer must comply with the
provisions of the WHS Regulation 2011 (NSW - Part 6.2 Duties of designer of
structure and person who commissions construction work) which requires the
designer to provide a written safety report to the person who commissioned the
design. This report must be provided to Ausgrid in all instances, including where the
design was commissioned by or on behalf of a person who proposes to connect
premises to Ausgrids network, and will form part of the Designer Safety Report
which must also be presented to Ausgrid. Further information is provided in Network
Standard (NS) 212 Integrated Support Requirements for Ausgrid Network Assets.
INTERPRETATION
In the event that any user of this Standard considers that any of its provisions is
uncertain, ambiguous or otherwise in need of interpretation, the user should request
Ausgrid to clarify the provision. Ausgrids interpretation shall then apply as though it
was included in the Standard, and is final and binding. No correspondence will be
entered into with any person disputing the meaning of the provision published in the
Standard or the accuracy of Ausgrids interpretation.

Network Standard
NS185
Major Substations Building Design Standard
September 2013
CONTENTS
1

SCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 1

ASBESTOS.................................................................................................................. 1

DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................. 2

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 4
4.1
4.2
4.3

Ausgrid Reference Documents ..................................................................... 4

Australian Standards..................................................................................... 5
Other Reference Documents ........................................................................ 6

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................ 7

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4
5.4
5.5

General ......................................................................................................... 7
Design Standards.......................................................................................... 7
Design Life of Structural Components .......................................................... 7
100 year Design Life.......................................................................... 7
50 year Design Life............................................................................ 7
20 year Design Life............................................................................ 8
Replacement of Components ............................................................ 8
Design of the Components for Design Life ................................................... 8
Preliminary Maintenance Procedures and Operation
Schedules .................................................................................................... 9
5.6
Life Cycle Costing (LCC) .............................................................................. 9
5.6.1
LCC Assessment and Report ............................................................ 9
5.6.2
Mid-term Refurbishment Requirements and
Activities............................................................................................. 9
5.7
Ecologically Sustainable Development ......................................................... 9

GENERAL SUBSTATION DESIGN REQUIREMENTS.............................................. 11

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.7.1
6.7.2
6.8
6.9
6.9.1
6.9.2

General ....................................................................................................... 11
Designer Safety Reports ............................................................................. 12
Design Risk Assessment. ........................................................................... 12
Durability ..................................................................................................... 12
Noise and Vibration..................................................................................... 12
Ventilation, Air Quality and Temperature Control ....................................... 13
Site Investigation......................................................................................... 13
General ............................................................................................ 13
Site Investigation ............................................................................. 13
Sites in Flood Prone Areas ......................................................................... 14
Structures Below the Groundwater Table ................................................... 14
Discharge of Groundwater............................................................... 14
Collection and Management of Groundwater .................................. 15

MATERIALS IN SUBSTATION STRUCTURES......................................................... 16

7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.4.1
7.4.2
7.4.3

Construction Materials ................................................................................ 16

Preferred Materials...................................................................................... 16
Finishes....................................................................................................... 16
Material Limitations ..................................................................................... 16
Timber.............................................................................................. 16
Rubber ............................................................................................. 17
Aluminium ........................................................................................ 17

7.4.4
Compressed Fibrous Concrete Sheeting ........................................ 17
7.4.5
Autoclave Aerated Concrete (AAC)................................................. 17
7.4.6
Calsil Bricks ..................................................................................... 17
7.4.7
Mud Brick and other Unfired Masonry ............................................. 17
7.4.8
Asbestos Based Products................................................................ 17
7.4.9
Other Materials ................................................................................ 17
7.5
Masonry ...................................................................................................... 17
7.5.1
Durability .......................................................................................... 17
7.5.2
Brick Growth .................................................................................... 18
7.5.3
Bed Joint Reinforcing....................................................................... 18
7.5.4
Control Joints................................................................................... 18
7.5.5
Alternative Materials ........................................................................ 18

BCA PROVISIONS .................................................................................................... 19

8.1
8.2
8.3

SPECIFIC ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS........................................................... 20

9.1
9.2
9.3

10

Building Classification ................................................................................. 19

Protection of Openings (Firestopping) ........................................................ 19
Egress ......................................................................................................... 19
Overpressure .............................................................................................. 20
Mine Subsidence......................................................................................... 20
Fire Resistance and Stability ...................................................................... 20

STRUCTURAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS .............................................................. 21

10.1
Structural Design Philosophy and Criteria .................................................. 21
10.2
Floors .......................................................................................................... 21
10.2.1
General ............................................................................................ 21
10.2.2
Slabs in Contact with the Ground .................................................... 21
10.2.3
Floor Loading Drawing..................................................................... 21
10.2.4
Deflections ....................................................................................... 22
10.3
Walls ........................................................................................................... 22
10.3.1
Architectural Detailing...................................................................... 22
10.3.2
Walls Below Ground ........................................................................ 22
10.4
Roofing System........................................................................................... 22
10.4.1
General ............................................................................................ 22
10.4.2
Weather Protection .......................................................................... 23
10.4.3
Roof Sheeting/Cladding................................................................... 23
10.4.4
Roof Drainage.................................................................................. 23
10.4.5
Roof Maintenance Access ............................................................... 23
10.5
Doors and Windows.................................................................................... 24
10.6
Dead and Live Loads .................................................................................. 24
10.7
Wind Loads ................................................................................................. 24
10.8
Earthquake Loads ....................................................................................... 25
10.9
Structural Redundancy ............................................................................... 25
10.10 Differential Settlement................................................................................. 25
10.11 Foundation Structures................................................................................. 25
10.12 Vibration Limits............................................................................................ 25
10.13 Basement Structures .................................................................................. 26
10.13.1
Cable Entry Points into Building ...................................................... 26
10.14 Cranes and Monorails................................................................................. 26
10.15 Pulling Eyes and Stanchions ...................................................................... 26

11

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ........................................................ 27

11.1
Vermin Proofing .......................................................................................... 27
11.2
Termite Protection....................................................................................... 27
11.2.1
Specifications................................................................................... 27
11.2.2
Conduits or Cabling Requirements.................................................. 27
11.3
Space Planning and Layout ........................................................................ 27
11.3.1
Electrical Equipment Layout ............................................................ 27
11.3.2
Battery Accommodation................................................................... 28
11.3.3
AFLC Accommodation..................................................................... 28

11.3.4
Safe Egress and Adequate Working Space .................................... 29
11.3.5
Equipment Handling Plans .............................................................. 29
11.3.6
Cabling Marshalling Area Requirements ......................................... 29
11.3.7
General Circulation and Personnel Access ..................................... 30
11.3.8
Access for Telecommunication Carriers.......................................... 31
11.3.9
Access for People with Disablilites .................................................. 31
11.4
Amenities .................................................................................................... 31
11.4.1
Minimum Requirement..................................................................... 31
11.4.2
Additional Amenities ........................................................................ 31
11.4.3
Lighting ............................................................................................ 32
11.5
Emergency Facilities ................................................................................... 32
11.6
Security ....................................................................................................... 32
11.6.1
General Design Requirements ........................................................ 32
11.6.2
Doors, Locks and Keys................................................................... 32
11.6.3
Monitoring and Alarms..................................................................... 33
11.7
Power and Lighting ..................................................................................... 33
11.7.1
Emergency Lighting ......................................................................... 33
11.7.2
Task Lighting.................................................................................... 33
11.7.3
External Lighting .............................................................................. 33
11.7.4
General Power Outlets .................................................................... 33
11.7.5
Location of Switches, Cables and Lights......................................... 33
11.8
Data and Communications.......................................................................... 33
11.8.1
Standards......................................................................................... 33
11.8.2
Telecommunications Brief ............................................................... 34
11.8.3
Communications Cabinets............................................................... 34
11.8.4
Communication Installation works ................................................... 34
11.8.5
External Communications Conduits ................................................ 34
11.8.6
Internal Communications Conduits.................................................. 35
11.8.7
Cable Trenches and Trays .............................................................. 35
11.9
Future Expansion of Control Rooms........................................................... 36
11.10 Plant and Equipment Labelling ................................................................... 37
11.11 Building Signage ......................................................................................... 37
11.11.1
Compartment/Room Names ............................................................ 37
11.11.2
Standard Ausgrid Operational Signs ............................................... 37
11.11.3
Emergency Information Diagrams ................................................... 37
11.12 Building Design Documentation.................................................................. 38
11.12.1
Drawings and Specifications............................................................ 38
11.12.2
Room Data Sheet Proforma ............................................................ 38
11.12.3
Maintenance Procedures and Operating
Manuals ........................................................................................... 38
11.12.4
Design and Construction Certification ............................................. 39

APPENDIX A ROOM DATA SHEET PRO-FORMA .......................................................... 40

APPENDIX B ARCHITECTURAL FINISHES .................................................................... 42
APPENDIX C ECOLOGICALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT .................................. 45

September 2013

SCOPE
This Standard details the performance and design criteria for the architectural and
structural design of buildings for Major Substations with the voltages of 132kV,
66kV, 33kV and 11kV.
The design of all Ausgrid Major Substations shall comply with this Standard.
An associated Network Standard, NS186 Major Substations Civil Works Design
Standard, details the performance and design criteria for the civil works design of
Major Substations.
This standard should be read in conjunction with other Ausgrid standards relevant to
the requirements for ventilation, substation overpressure, active and passive fire
mitigation. Refer to Section 4 References for specific details.
Ausgrid may have some site specific design requirements which apply in addition to
those in this Standard. This Standard draws attention to the unique requirements of
substations to meet the Ausgrid performance expectations of the asset.
This document does not include detailed information for yard structures in
substations, nor does it include provisions or information for distribution substations,
kiosks or pole top equipment such as transformers, regulators or capacitors.

ASBESTOS
All materials and equipment used for construction of Ausgrids assets are to be free
from Asbestos and or Asbestos related products. Suppliers are expected to comply
with the Work Health Safety Act 2011 (NSW) together with the Work Health Safety
Regulation 2011 (NSW) and confirm in writing that all products supplied to Ausgrid
contain no Asbestos related materials.
If any asbestos is encountered during construction or maintenance activities then
safe work method statements and appropriate practices must be implemented.
Materials containing asbestos must be handled by a licensed contractor. This
material should be disposed of offsite to an appropriately licensed landfill.
All work must be in accordance with Ausgrids Be Safe Hazard Guideline 01:
Asbestos.

NS185 + NSAs 1738 & 1766

September 2013

DEFINITIONS
Active System

A system that has moving parts or relies on mechanical, chemical or

electrical controls in order to function. Examples of active systems include
fire protection systems such as sprinklers and smoke detection systems.

Access requirements

Requirements for openings, loading docks corridors and passages and for
supporting the weight of all equipment and personnel.

Approved

Requires written consent from Ausgrid. Such written approval may contain
authorised specific departures from the Standard.

BCA

Building Code of Australia.

Cage

As defined in Ausgrid Electrical Safety Rules.

Design

The substation design that is to be provided by the Designer in compliance

with Ausgrid requirements.

Designer

The Designer is the nominated party responsible for the layout and design
of the project under the overall direction of Ausgrid. The Designer may be
an internal group within Ausgrid, an Alliance Partner or an external party
appointed for the project.

Design Life

The timeframe in which the building can operate efficiently and be fit for
purpose without break down of the building fabric or structure.

Dolly

A device used to split the load from the transformer float to the prime
mover.

Electrical Layout Plan

A concept plan showing the spatial arrangement of equipment and the

minimum dimensions of the substation building and yard. Electrical Layout
Plans are provided for specific projects by Ausgrid.

ENA

The Energy Networks Association (ENA) is the peak national body

representing gas and electricity distribution businesses throughout
Australia. See ENA Standards / Guidelines (www.ena.asn.au).

Equipment
Plan

Handling

A plan that clearly illustrates and shows consideration for the movement of
plant for equipping, replacement and maintenance/operation.

Equipping

Installation of substation equipment, including but not limited to cables,

busbars, switching and control equipment and transformers.

Fire stopping

Measures that are adopted to prevent the spread of fire, smoke and acid
residues from one compartment to another.

GIS

Gas Insulated Switchgear.

High voltage

A voltage above 1,000 volts alternating current or 1,500 volts direct current.

Impact Resistance

Offers resistance to accidental impact from ordinary day to day operations

without suffering mechanical damage sufficient to adversely affect the fire
rating performance.

Layout Drawings

Drawings to scale showing the dimensions and relative locations of

substation equipment and infrastructure.

Light weight
construction

Ceiling construction consisting of plaster board type materials such as

Fyrechek or Gyprock products.

ceiling

Low maintenance

Low required return period for inspection and maintenance.

Major Substation

Zone and sub-transmission substations with primary voltages of 132, 66 or

33 kV.

Overpressure

A rapid rise in the enclosure pressure caused by high voltage electrical

equipment failing in an enclosed compartment.

Passive System

Describes a system of fire protection with no moving parts which does not
rely on other external controls in order to function as intended. Examples of
passive systems are: fire rated building elements such as fire barrier walls,
fire doors in the closed position etc.

NS185 + NSAs 1738 & 1766

September 2013

Self-cleaning

Uses natural weather conditions to remove dust, debris and other airborne
materials.

STS

Sub-transmission substation. Normally 132/33 kV or 132/66 kV.

Substation

In this Standard, the term substation refers only to Zone or Subtransmission substations. This includes substations with 132/11 kV, 66/11
kV, 33/11 kV, 132/66 kV and 132/33 kV. This may include temporary STS
or Zone substations as defined below.

Switch building

Building housing electrical switchgear and equipment.

Switch room

A room for housing switchgear, also known as switchgear room.

Switchgear

Equipment for controlling the distribution of electrical energy or for

controlling or protecting circuits, machines, transformers, or other
equipment.

Switching equipment

Switchgear, circuit breakers, fuse switches, ring main switches and

isolators.

Switchyard

Outdoor yard containing high voltage electrical substation equipment.

Temporary

Relates to substations with a design life of 20 years. Refer to Clause 5.3 for
a further explanation on the various substations.

Transformer

A static piece of apparatus with one or more windings which, by

electromagnetic induction, transforms a system of alternating voltage and
current into another system of voltage and current usually of different values
but with the same frequency, for the purpose of transmitting electrical
power.

Transformer float

A transformer transport trailer towed by a prime mover with or without a

dolly.

Turning circle

The area required for access by a transformer float to allow the replacement
of a transformer.

WELS

Water Efficiency Labelling and Standards

NS185 + NSAs 1738 & 1766

September 2013

REFERENCES
All work covered in this document shall conform to all relevant Legislation,
Standards, Codes of Practice and Network Standards including but not limited to:

4.1

Ausgrid Reference Documents

Be Safe Hazard Guideline 01: Asbestos

Drawing No. 167191

Drawing No. 177332

Drawing No. 232351

EG 320 Major Substation Embodied Impacts Interim Guidelines

Electrical Safety Rules

NEG EP07 Network Access and Security Locks and Keys

NEG EP09 Intruder Resistant Fences for Zone & Subtransmission Substations

NEG SE01 Power Frequency EMF Prudent Avoidance

NEG SM04.21 Light & Power

NEG SM04.27 Power Cable Conduits

NEG SM05 Site Assessment Process for Major Projects

NEG SM07 Active Fire Systems for Substations

NEG SM08 Noise Assessment

NEG SM15 Equipping, Operability,

Replacement Assessment

NEG SM22 Blasting Near Ausgrid Substations

NEG TC28 Installation of Optical Fibre Infrastructure within Substations

Network Management Plan

NS158 Labelling of Mains and Apparatus

NS171 Fire Stopping in Substations

NUS174 Environmental Procedures

NS178 Secondary System Requirements for Major Substations

NS186 Major Substations Civil Works Design Standard

NS187 Passive Fire Mitigation Design of Substations

NS188 Design for Substation Overpressure

NS189 Oil Containment for Major Substations

NS191 Batteries & Battery Chargers in Major Substations

NS200 Major Substations Ventilation Design Standard

NS203 Planning and Design

Telecommunications Assets

NS208 Series: Telecommunications Substations Communication Cabinet Design Work Instructions

NS210 Documentation and Reference Design Guide for Major Substations

NS212 Integrated Support Requirements for Ausgrid Network Assets

Section 170 Register

Maintainability

Standards

NS185 + NSAs 1738 & 1766

for

and

End

Electrical

of

Life

Network

September 2013

Tree Safety Management Plan

Current technical documents are available on Ausgrids internet site at

www.ausgrid.com.au.

4.2

Australian Standards

AS/NZS ISO 14040:1 Environmental management - Life cycle assessment Principles and framework.

AS/NZS 1158 Lighting for roads and public spaces (Set)

AS/NZS 1170.0 Structural design actions General principles

AS/NZS 1170.1 Structural design actions Permanent, imposed and other

actions

AS/NZS 1170.2 Structural design actions Wind actions

AS/NZS 1170.4 Structural design actions Earthquake actions in Australia

AS 1319 Safety signs for the occupational environment

AS 1530.4 Methods of fire tests on building materials, components and

structures - Fire-resistance test of elements of construction

AS 1657 Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders Design,

construction and installation

AS/NZS 1680.1 Interior and workplace lighting - General principles and

recommendations

AS/NZS 1680.2.4 Interior lighting - Industrial tasks and processes

AS 1940 The storage and handling of flammable and combustible liquids

AS 2159 Piling Design and installation

AS 2187.2 Use of Explosives

AS 2293.1 Emergency escape lighting and exit signs for buildings - System
design, installation and operation

AS/NZ 2312 Guide to the protection of structural steel against atmospheric

corrosion by the use of protective coatings

AS 2484.1 Fire Glossary of terms Fire tests

AS 2676.1 Guide to the installation, maintenance, testing and replacement of

secondary batteries in buildings Vented cells

AS/NZS 2699 Built-in components for masonry construction (Set)

AS 2870 Residential slabs and footings

AS/NZS 2890.1 Parking facilities Off-street car parking

AS/NZS 3000 Electric installations (Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules)

AS 3011.1 Electrical installations Secondary batteries installed in buildings

Vented cells

AS/NZS 3500 National Plumbing and Drainage (Set)

AS 3600 Concrete structures

AS 3700 Masonry structures

AS 3745 Emergency control organisation and procedures for buildings

Planning for emergencies in facilities

AS 4072.1 Components for the protection of openings in fire-resistant

separating elements Service penetration and control joints
NS185 + NSAs 1738 & 1766

4.3

AS 4100 Steel structures

AS 4282 Control of the obtrusive effects of outdoor lighting

AS/NZ 4536: Life cycle costing An application guide

AS 4678 Earth-retaining structures

AS 5100 Bridge Design (Set)

Building Code of Australia (BCA)

September 2013

Other Reference Documents

All Relevant WorkCover documentation

ANZECC & ARMCANZ Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh
and Marine Water Quality, October 2000

Australian Rainfall and Runoff A Guide to Flood Estimation

Austroads Framework for Specifying Asphalt, Austroads 2002 (AP-T18-02)

Department of Environment and Heritage Coastal Risk Management Guide.

Department of Environment and Heritage Flood Risk Management Guide

Department of Planning & Infrastructure Hazardous Industry Planning

Advisory Paper No 1 Emergency Planning January 2011

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and

Communities National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development

Electricity Supply Act (NSW)

ENA Standards/Guidelines (www.ena.asn.au)

ENA Doc 001 - 2008 National Electricity Network Safety Code

ENA Doc 015-2006 National Guideline for Prevention of Unauthorised Access

to Electricity Infrastructure

EPA: Environment Protection Authority (EPA), NSW Industrial Noise Policy,

January 2000

EPA: Environment Protection Authority (EPA), NSW Environment & Heritage

Assessing Vibration: a technical guideline, February 2006

EPA: Environment Protection Authority (EPA), Specification of Supply of

Recycled Materials for Pavements, Earthworks and Drainage, June 2003

ESAA D(b)36-1990 Guide for Design of Substations in Cyclone and Other High
Wind Areas (For Information only)

IEC 60529 Ed. 2.1 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)

Pavement Design: A Guide to the Structural Design of Road Pavements

(Austroads)

Protection of the Environment Administration Act 1991 (NSW)

Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997 (NSW)

RTA 45070666E Heavy Vehicle Mass, Loading and Access

Seismic Security of Power Systems ND/S/-01 (ESAA, ESC158 January 1994)

(For Information only)

Substation Seismic Design Application Guide ND/S/-02 (ESAA, ESC156

September 1994) (For Information only)

Work Health and Safety Act 2011 (NSW) and Regulation 2011 (NSW)

NS185 + NSAs 1738 & 1766

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

5.1

General

September 2013

Substations are classified by the required Design Life which is based on issues
relevant to calculated load, system reliability and criticality as determined by
Ausgrid. Three classifications are used in the design for Major Substations:

5.2

100 year Design Life,

50 year Design Life, and

20 year Design Life.

Design Standards
Substation buildings shall be designed to comply with all relevant legislation,
Australian Standards, Codes of Practice and the Building Code of Australia (BCA),
relevant statutory and approving authorities and any other requirements as directed
by Ausgrid.
Ausgrid requirements are described in this Network Standard, other Network
Standards and/or Network Engineering Guidelines (NEG).

5.3

Design Life of Structural Components

Design Life in this Network Standard refers to the ability of the substation building to
maintain functionality and operation in a safe, effective and cost efficient manner. All
substation buildings shall be designed to withstand all loads and other forces to
ensure the building and the structure attains, as a minimum, the required Design
Life.
Ausgrid shall determine and advise the required Design Life for each substation.
The Design Life of all components shall be assessed and taken into account when
designing the overall building to ensure compliance with, and achievement of, the
specified Design Life.

5.3.1

100 year Design Life

Architectural, Civil and Structural design shall ensure all structural components of
the building are designed for a Design Life of 100 years.
Replacement of nominated non-structural components during the Design Life is
allowed. Refer to Clause 5.3.4.
Components which do not have a 100 year design life, unless maintained, shall be
included in the schedule of required maintenance works. Preliminary Maintenance
Procedures and Operation Schedules (PMPO) shall be included in the Compliance
Certificate (CC) submission and Tender documentation.

5.3.2

50 year Design Life

Architectural Civil and Structural design shall ensure all structural components of
the building are capable of a Design Life of 50 years.
Replacement of nominated non-structural components during the Design Life is
allowed. Refer to Clause 5.3.4.
Components which do not have a 50 year design life, unless maintained, shall be
included in the schedule of required maintenance works. Preliminary Maintenance
Procedures and Operation Schedules (PMPO) shall be included in the Compliance
Certificate (CC) submission and Tender documentation.

NS185 + NSAs 1738 & 1766

5.3.3

September 2013

20 year Design Life

Temporary substations are generally required as a means of supplementing the
Network, or for emergency situations whilst other work is undertaken for a more
permanent solution. Temporary Substation buildings may be prefabricated or of a
modular type.
All Architectural, Civil and Structural design shall ensure all structural components
of the building are capable of a minimum Design Life of 20 years.

5.3.4

Replacement of Components
For a Design Life of 100 years or 50 years, replacement of components is allowed
for accessible and replaceable non-structural elements. These may include, but are
not limited to, the following items;
External roof and wall sheeting materials.
Roof guttering and downpipes.
External architectural elements.
Exposed external metalwork such as handrails, ladders, louvres etc.
External doors and door frames.
Internal fittings and finishes such as doors, amenities, paintwork etc.
Any proposal for replacement of components during the substation Design Life shall
be subject to a Life Cycle Cost assessment in accordance with Clause 5.6.

5.4

Design of the Components for Design Life

The current Australian Building Standards are based on a Design Life of 50 years.
Where an extended Design Life is required by Clause 5.3, details of measures to
achieve this required Design Life shall be provided by the Designer to Ausgrid for
approval for use prior to design.
The durability requirements in AS 5100:5 Bridge Design - Concrete shall be utilised
in designs requiring a 100 year Design Life.
Substation designs shall be accompanied by a Design Statement for the specified
Design Life and adequacy by the appointed Architects, Structural Engineers and
Civil Engineers prior to acceptance of the design drawings for review by Ausgrid.
The Design Statement shall detail the standards, codes, practices or other literature
and information which supports the recommendation of materials, products or
finishes utilised to achieve the required Design Life.
The certification of the building being designed for the required Design Life shall be
referenced in the Design Certificates required from the Designer as part of the
Compliance Certificate process.
Design Certificates shall specifically:

Refer to the Design Life of the substation building.

Include full referencing to the Standards utilised for the design.

State the design has considered and is in accordance with relevant Codes and
Standards to achieve the Design Life specified by Ausgrid.

Be approved by Ausgrid prior to submission of the Compliance Certificate

documentation to the Local Approval Authority.

Contain approved Preliminary Maintenance Procedures and Operation

Schedules (PMPO).

NS185 + NSAs 1738 & 1766

5.5

September 2013

Preliminary Maintenance Procedures and Operation Schedules

As part of the Design documentation, the Designer shall provide Preliminary
Maintenance Procedures and Operation Schedules (PMPO) to Ausgrid.
The PMPO Schedules are to include expected time frames and procedures to
enable maintenance to be planned in compliance with the manufacturers and
Designers requirements and recommendations to achieve the required design life
and service life.
The PMPO Schedules shall include information on the suitability of all components
to achieve Design Life including finishes, maintenance procedures and inspection
regimes.
The PMPO Schedules shall accompany the documents submitted for approval.

5.6

Life Cycle Costing (LCC)

Life Cycle Costing is defined in AS/NZS 4536 as the sum of acquisition cost and
ownership cost of a product over its life cycle.
Where requested by Ausgrid, designs shall be assessed on Life Cycle Costing
(LCC) to determine the most suitable components. Calculations shall be based on
the Design Life period allowing for the varying design lives of components. The LCC
should also assess alternative options and include a sensitivity analysis.

5.6.1

LCC Assessment and Report

LCC techniques shall be applied to projects as specified in the Design Brief
documentation and where requested in writing by Ausgrid.
To ensure the most cost efficient design is selected, LCC techniques shall be
utilised, where requested, in the selection of all options for design and material
selection.
LCC shall consider the capital and recurrent costs involved with the ownership and
operation of the asset. Recurrent costs include, but are not be limited to,
maintenance, on-going operation, refurbishment and disposal.
The Designer shall provide to Ausgrid all of the relevant information illustrating the
use of LCC techniques in the selection of designs, construction options/activities,
materials and finishes. This information shall form part of the design and options
recommended to minimise overall LCC of the asset components and structure.
All LCC assessments shall comply with AS/NZS4536 and AS/NZS ISO 14040.

5.6.2

Mid-term Refurbishment Requirements and Activities.

All options for design of 50 and 100 year Design Life substations shall take into
account the re-equipping of switch rooms, control rooms and replacement of
transformers in an operational substation.
The Design shall allow for the efficient and cost effective replacement of
components. The Design shall include assessment and consideration for a whole of
life costing including replacement costs undertaken in an operational substation.
The Life Cycle Costing shall include the cost of complying with all Ausgrid
requirements for work undertaken in an operational substation.

5.7

Ecologically Sustainable Development

The design of the substation building should take into account the principles of
ecologically sustainable development (ESD).
Ecologically sustainable development can be achieved through the implementation
of the general principles and programs as outlined in Appendix C.

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September 2013

As part of the ESD process, EG 320 Major Substation Embodied Impacts Interim
Guidelines provides some guidance on the initiatives that may be applicable for
reducing embodied impacts associated with Major Substation projects.

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11

GENERAL SUBSTATION DESIGN

REQUIREMENTS

6.1

General

September 2013

The substation building shall be of a low profile design where practicable. The
proposed external and internal colours and finishes shall be submitted to the
Ausgrid Representative for approval. The ceiling height shall accommodate all plant
and equipment including provision for arc fault venting as required.
The building shall have minimum rating of IP55 to IEC 60529, with a minimum
thermal insulation of R2.5 in the walls, floor and ceiling and shall accommodate the
following items of equipment:

High voltage switchgear;

Battery chargers, control, protection, metering, communications and SCADA

equipment;

DC batteries and chargers;

Audio frequency load control equipment (where specified);

Meal room facilities (where specified), complete with hot and cold potable
water supply;

Toilet facilities complete with hand basin; and

Storage facilities for spare equipment, circuit breaker trolleys, blanking plates,
cover plates, signs, ladders, hanging rack for earth leads and operating sticks.

An ergonomically designed operators desk, plan table, chair, filing cabinet, notice
board and HMI complete with telephone shall be installed.
The design of all substations shall address the issues of aesthetics, the
environment, resource minimisation, energy usage and legal requirements. All
developments should be of appropriate quality to meet the Ausgrid design
requirements and shall comply with the following:

Adequately accommodate and protect the associated electrical equipment.

Provide a safe and comfortable working environment for all users.

Meet the Design Life requirements.

Be cost effective when assessed on a life cycle cost basis.

Have an appropriate level of security.

Be capable of being constructed cost efficiently and within time constraints.

Have appropriate access for equipment installation, maintenance and

replacement particularly with regard to Live Substations.

Make suitable provision for safe access to routine operating and visual
monitoring locations.

Make suitable allowance for safe work at heights with adequate space
provided around equipment to ensure that ladders, scaffolding, elevated work
platforms etc can be utilised when required.

Meet the requirements of the Building Code of Australia (BCA) where

appropriate and relevant Australian Standards.

Be acceptable to the local community and local approval authorities.

Provide durability and performance of the intended function.

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September 2013

Provide security against vermin, wildlife, unauthorised entry and fire.

Facilitate the future development of the substation without disruption to supply

from the substation.

Enable access from ground level into the building for all major plant such as
circuit breaker trucks in accordance with the Work Health and Safety
Regulation 2011 (NSW).

Unless otherwise specified, it is not required that the building be sized or

constructed to physically accommodate the ultimate development of the station but
the design shall facilitate the expansion of the station to its ultimate arrangement.

6.2

Designer Safety Reports

For structures, including buildings, the WHS Regulation 2011 (NSW) requires a
written safety report to be provided by the designer of a structure, or any part of a
structure, to the person who commissioned the design.
The Designer Safety Report shall comply with the requirements of NS 210 and shall
be prepared at the completion of the design development process.

6.3

Design Risk Assessment.

Substation buildings shall be designed to particular performance requirements of
Ausgrid and inherent site conditions.
A Construction Hazard Assessment & Implementation Review (CHAIR) shall be
undertaken in accordance with the WHS Regulation 2011 (NSW). A copy of the
CHAIR review documentation shall be forwarded to Ausgrid / Development
Services, for review and approval prior to completion of the Design phase.
The Designer shall include sufficient resources and staff to coordinate advice and
participate in the CHAIR process to enable full assessment of the building and the
construction methodology to gain compliance with all WorkCover requirements.

6.4

Durability
Low maintenance materials which do not require applied finishes to be retouched or
re-coated for the life of the system are preferred. Where applied finishes are
required such finishes shall comply with the requirements in Appendix B and Clause
5.3.
All external finishes and fittings are to be self-cleaning where possible.
Refer to NS187 for material limitations with respect to fire performance.

6.5

Noise and Vibration

The design of substation buildings and equipment shall ensure all equipment which
generates noise is orientated in a manner which shall ensure noise is transmitted
away from all sensitive receivers. Building location, orientation and local topography
should be used to minimise the line of sight exposure of noise sources to
neighbouring properties.
Sensitive receivers include residential properties, land on which residential
dwellings can be constructed without rezoning, health facilities, motels, aged care
facilities, schools, child care facilities and any other receivers which may be
considered sensitive due to operational issues. Consideration should also be given
to wetlands of high ecological value, national parks and habitat of any endangered
or threatened species.
A noise and vibration assessment shall be carried out as early as practicable in the
design stage and should consider realistic operating conditions including

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September 2013

maintenance activities. Refer to NEG SM08 Noise Assessment for noise

assessment requirements.
Operational noise levels shall comply with the EPA NSW Industrial Noise Policy.
Refer to NUS174 Environmental Procedures and NEG SM08.
Where the assessment shows that mitigation measures are required for realistic
operating conditions, suitable allowances for measures shall be incorporated into
the substation design. These measures shall enable compliance with the maximum
allowable noise levels, as defined in the appropriate legislation / regulation.
Where the assessment shows that mitigation measures may be required for more
severe (but less likely) operating conditions, suitable allowances should be provided
for the future installation of sound barriers, enclosures or other methods of
mitigation. These mitigation measures may then be implemented if, and when,
deemed to be necessary.
Penetrations in walls such as air ducts, ventilators and grills should be minimised in
areas facing sensitive receivers. Openings in all surfaces facing sensitive noise
receivers should be treated with appropriate acoustic louvres to baffle or redirect
noise generated from the substation.
Outdoor transformer enclosures should be treated to minimise reverberant noise,
consistent with fire rating requirements.
The use of acoustically rated walls shall only be considered appropriate for
reduction of noise from transformers or equipment onto nearby sensitive receivers
following acoustic testing of the area.

6.6

Ventilation, Air Quality and Temperature Control

The equipment manufacturers recommendations relating to air quality and
temperature control for equipment accommodation shall always be considered
and adopted.
The substation switch room / control room shall be fitted with a ventilation system
that is sized to maintain a temperature within the range +50C to + 400C unless
specific equipment requirements mandate otherwise.
The design of the ventilation system and the requirements for a ventilation
assessment for each building / room shall be in accordance with NS200 Major
Substations Ventilation Design Standard.
Ventilation to all rooms and accessible locations within the building shall be
sufficient to ensure that confined spaces are eliminated wherever possible.

6.7

Site Investigation

6.7.1

General
The requirements for site inspection and investigation are described in NEG SM05
Site Assessment Process for Major Projects. The site investigations required are
divided into the following two stages:

6.7.2

Stage 1 Preliminary Site Assessment (Property Acquisition)

Stage 2 Detailed Site Assessment (Design Stage)

Site Investigation
NEG SM05 shall form the basis of the required site inspection and investigation
requirements.
Ausgrid shall undertake the applicable Stage 1 Preliminary Site Assessment
activities during the site acquisition and concept design phase.

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September 2013

The Designer shall undertake the applicable Stage 2 Detailed Site Assessment
activities during the detail design phase.
Site investigation work for the substation building shall consider site conditions
including both the previous and proposed land use. Investigations shall be carried
out to ensure compliance with all relevant standards and all other project specific
requirements.
Site investigations could include, but not be limited to, electric and magnetic fields,
noise and vibration, hydrology, geology, contamination, ecological, bush fire threat,
Aboriginal heritage, non-Aboriginal heritage, visual and aesthetics, and traffic and
access.

6.8

Sites in Flood Prone Areas

To facilitate the provision of ventilation openings to natural air without any possibility
of water ingress, on all sites prone to flooding all ventilation openings shall be
500mm above the 1 in 100 year flood level.
For sites in low-lying areas near coastal locations, suitable provisions shall be made
for potential future sea level rise in accordance with the relevant NSW Government
policies, guidelines and management programs. Refer to the NSW Department of
Environment & Heritage guidelines Coastal Risk Management Guide and Flood
Risk Management Guide, as amended.
The projections for NSW sea level rise are indicative and will vary based on a
number of factors. Typical estimates at Fort Denison are an increase above the
2010 design still water levels of 44cm by 2050 and 94cm by 2100.
Groundwater ingress management may also be required for low-lying substation
building locations.

6.9

Structures Below the Groundwater Table

Where possible, substation building areas should be located above the groundwater
table to minimise the potential entry of groundwater.
In situations where substation building elements are below the surrounding
groundwater table, consideration of groundwater ingress, water quality and other
impacts shall be made. The affected building areas shall drain by gravity to a
suitable discharge point or collection sump.
An appropriately designed groundwater drainage system certified by a practising
Civil or Hydraulic Engineer may be submitted by the Designer to satisfy the design
requirements. All proposed groundwater drainage systems shall be subject to the
review and approval of Ausgrid.
Any discharge to stormwater must be in accordance with Section 120 of the
Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997. In practice this means ensuring
all discharges are in accordance with the Australian and New Zealand Guidelines
for Fresh and Marine Water Quality (ANZECC Guidelines).
The ANZECC Guidelines provide water quality trigger values that, if exceeded,
indicate a potential environmental impact and so trigger further investigation to
determine whether or not the discharge water would pose a risk of harm to the
receiving water body.
The investigation and water quality assessment will determine if the water is
suitable to be discharged to local stormwater, or requires collection or on-site
management.

6.9.1

Discharge of Groundwater
Discharge of groundwater to local council or water authority stormwater
infrastructure shall only occur where a water quality assessment against the
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September 2013

ANZECC Guidelines has been completed. The assessment shall confirm the
discharge water would not pose a risk of harm to the receiving water body.
All approved groundwater discharges shall be external to the substation building
using gravity drainage or an automatic pumping system, as required. Pumping
systems shall be installed in accordance with Clause 10.3.2.

6.9.2

Collection and Management of Groundwater

Where a water quality assessment has determined that groundwater is not suitable
for discharge to stormwater, an investigation of alternative options shall be
undertaken.
Alternative options may include (but are not limited to):

Options for re-use on-site

Infiltration structure (i.e. absorption trench/zone)

Discharged to an unsealed area (i.e. grassed area, garden bed)

Collection and treatment on-site

Collection via tanker for off-site management

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16

MATERIALS IN SUBSTATION
STRUCTURES

7.1

Construction Materials

September 2013

The application or use of construction materials in substations shall be governed by

fire resistance, substation overpressure, Design Life, Life Cycle Cost and aesthetics
specified by Ausgrid and the Local Approval Authority.
All materials shall be assessed with regard to the whole of life cost.
All materials used in substation construction shall be non-combustible.
Where reasonably practicable, recycled materials should be utilised in construction
of the main substation building elements. The use of recycled materials shall comply
with Protection of the Environment Operations Act, the recycled aggregate
exemption 2010, the excavated natural material exemption 2010 and the recovered
fines exemption 2010.
The proposed use of any recycled materials shall be subject to a review of the
relevant performance criteria, and will require the review and approval of Ausgrid.

7.2

Preferred Materials
Appropriately fire rated masonry including brick work, reinforced blockwork or
reinforced concrete are the preferred materials for the construction of substation
building walls.
Appropriately fire rated reinforced concrete is preferred for floors.
The use of lightweight construction for the walls, floors and roof that meets the
functional building requirements may also be acceptable subject to the approval of
Ausgrid. This approach could include a steel framed construction with suitable
cladding and an appropriate fire rated lining where required.
Other materials can be used except as detailed in the requirements in this Standard,
NS187, NS188 Design for Substation Overpressure and the Building Code Australia
(BCA).

7.3

Finishes
All finishes for substation building elements are included in Appendix B.

7.4

Material Limitations
Due to the performance requirements of substations, some standard construction
industry materials may not be permitted.

7.4.1

Timber
Due to the risk of ignition during a fire or substation overpressure, timber building
materials are generally not to be used in the construction of the substation. In
locations such as amenities areas, pilot isolation rooms, piles or landscaping the
limited use of timber may be acceptable where suitable alternatives are not
available, subject to the approval in writing of Ausgrid. Any wood composites shall
be specified as low formaldehyde or no formaldehyde.
Timber piles and timber landscaping shall be in accordance with the requirements of
NS186 Major Substations Civil Works Design Standard.

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7.4.2

September 2013

Rubber
Rubber shall not be used in the substation building construction. Rubber is
adversely affected by ozone which may sometimes be present in substations.

7.4.3

Aluminium
Aluminium shall not be used for structural members in substations. Aluminium may
be used for trench covers where cable coating is adopted to mitigate the risk of fire
spread and the extent of damage to the cables.

7.4.4

Compressed Fibrous Concrete Sheeting

The use of compressed fibrous concrete (FC) sheeting shall be avoided in areas of
high point or impact loads or where it is exposed to the weather. Deterioration due
to weather can reduce the material life expectancy and cause WHS issues.

7.4.5

Autoclave Aerated Concrete (AAC)

The use of AAC products shall be avoided where ductile performance is required.

7.4.6

Calsil Bricks
Calcium Silicate (Calsil) bricks may be used only in strict compliance with the
manufacturers requirements for laying. Calsil bricks shall be laid at the correct
dampness to ensure bond strength. On site testing may be required to verify the
bond strength achieved.

7.4.7

Mud Brick and other Unfired Masonry

Mud brick and other unfired masonry shall not be used.

7.4.8

Asbestos Based Products

All materials and equipment used for construction of Ausgrids assets are to be free
from Asbestos and or Asbestos related products. Refer to Section 2 for more
information.

7.4.9

Other Materials
Products containing inhalable Man Made Mineral Fibre (MMMF) shall not be used.
This includes some sandwich panels, insulation batts, and some types of fire
stopping products.
Plastics and resins which are not fire resistant shall not be used in the construction
of any building.

7.5

Masonry
The use of unreinforced masonry shall be avoided due to the need to allow for the
effects of ductile failure. All masonry work shall comply with the following clauses.

7.5.1

Durability
The durability requirements for masonry construction shall be in accordance with AS
3700 and AS/NZS 2699 with the following additional requirements:

Wall ties and built-in components (other than lintels) shall satisfy the
requirements of durability class R4 for all locations. Use Grade 316 stainless
steel for all wall ties.

Lintels shall satisfy the requirements of durability class R3 for all locations. As
a minimum Ausgrid requires all lintels to be hot-dip galvanised steel with a
minimum coating mass of 600 g/m2.

The reinforcement for concrete block walls shall be galvanised if it is in a

situation where it may be continually wet or in exposed locations. This
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September 2013

requirement applies to retaining walls and exposed walls in coastal or industrial

areas.

7.5.2

Brick Growth
When selecting clay bricks the representative expansion coefficient of the brick shall
be considered. Products with low expansion are preferred.

7.5.3

Bed Joint Reinforcing

Stainless steel bed joint reinforcement to the requirements of AS 3700 shall be used
at locations where it is necessary to increase masonry strength and improve
resistance to cracking. Wall sections which are considered vulnerable to stress
concentrations may have additional bed joint reinforcing installed as required.

7.5.4

Control Joints
Walls shall have joints of sufficient size and spacing to provide for expansion due to
temperature change and brick growth. Control Joints shall also allow for contraction
and articulation caused by expansive soils, ground movement, mine subsidence or
specific site conditions.
Filler materials and sealants shall have proven long term characteristics for
softness, plasticity and flexibility to ensure the wall has sufficient space for
movement and/or cracking. Filler materials shall also have a fire resistance
commensurate with the fire resistance level required for the associated walls.

7.5.5

Alternative Materials
The use of non-conventional alternative materials shall be subject to approval in
writing by Ausgrid. Alternative materials shall have a well established track record
and codification by Standards Australia to confirm the performance of the material.
Independent test results on the performance of the alternative material may also be
considered.
Alternative materials shall perform at least as well as conventional materials and
satisfy all of the requirements of this Standard.

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BCA PROVISIONS

8.1

Building Classification

September 2013

Substation buildings do not fit a particular class of building under the Building Code
of Australia (BCA) but are generally considered as Class 8 buildings.
All substations shall comply with the relevant provisions of the BCA noting that the
BCA may contain some provisions that are inappropriate for electricity substations.
Where compliance with the Deemed to Satisfy provisions of the BCA is considered
to be inappropriate or not possible, approval should be sought under the Alternative
Solution provisions of the BCA.

8.2

Protection of Openings (Firestopping)

All openings for service installations in walls providing fire separation shall be
protected without exception in accordance with BCA Specification C3.15 and NS171
Firestopping in Substations.
The design of openings to facilitate fire stopping shall be reviewed and approved by
Ausgrid prior to construction.

8.3

Egress
Ausgrid generally requires all rooms which contain electrical power equipment to
have at least two (2) exits, diagonally opposite where possible.
Basements that are used primarily as cable marshalling areas may be provided with
only one (1) exit provided that;
1.

The basement does not contain any other significant electrical power
equipment, and

2.

The basement complies with the BCA with regard to maximum floor area, exit
travel distances and any other requirements.

All designs which do not provide two (2) exits from any compartment shall comply
with the BCA, the relevant Australian Standards AND be approved by Ausgrid prior
to submission to the Local Approving Authority.

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September 2013

SPECIFIC ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS

9.1

Overpressure
The substation building shall be designed to withstand the overpressures that may
result from arcing by-products and from deflagrations, in accordance with the
manufacturers recommendations, Ausgrids NS188 Design for Substation
Overpressure, the BCA and relevant Australian Standards.
Facilities shall be installed in the switch room(s) to vent arcing by-products away
from all personnel access areas. The by-products of any arcing shall be either fully
contained or be vented outside the switch room(s) in accordance with the
switchboard manufacturers recommendations.
The applicable design requirements for ductile behaviour of building elements shall
be observed in accordance with the BCA and all relevant Australian Standards.

9.2

Mine Subsidence
If the proposed substation building is within or near a mine subsidence area the
design shall comply with the guidelines and requirements of the Mine Subsidence
Board and the Local Council or Approval Authority.
The Designer shall be responsible for obtaining approval of the design from the
Mine Subsidence Board and the Local Council or Approval Authority.

9.3

Fire Resistance and Stability

The BCA requires buildings to be designed, constructed and maintained to ensure
the building can withstand the effects of a fire in order to:

protect the users health and safety,

minimise hazards to fire brigade personnel fighting the fire, and

prevent fire from spreading to adjoining buildings or adjoining fire

compartments within the building.

Additionally, Ausgrid requires substation buildings to maintain the operation of

equipment for as long as possible and allow safe re-entry into a structure after a
credible fire has occurred.
Where required, the substation ceiling, roof, floor, internal walls, external walls and
all doors shall have an appropriate fire rating. The fire rating and fire protection of
the substation building shall be in accordance with NS187 Passive Fire Mitigation
Design of Substations and NEG SM07 Active Fire Systems for Substations.
The substation building shall be provided with fire extinguishers only, unless
otherwise specified by Ausgrid.

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10
10.1

September 2013

STRUCTURAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Structural Design Philosophy and Criteria
Substation buildings shall be designed with an Importance Level of 4, in accordance
with the Building Code of Australia (BCA) and all relevant Australian Standards. The
return periods for the varying design lives only affect the wind and earthquake
loads. Such return periods do not have an impact on live and dead loads.
All designs shall comply with the Design Brief issued to the Designer by Ausgrid /
Development Services.

10.2
10.2.1

Floors
General
The floor of the entire substation building shall be of suitable concrete construction
and treated in a manner approved by Ausgrid.
Post-tensioned or pre-stressed floors shall only be used where practicable and
approved by Ausgrid.
The locations of stressing tendons in post-tensioned slabs shall be clearly marked
on the soffit of the slab and the adjacent wall to clearly indicate the tendon location
from the top of the slab.
Pre-cast concrete floor systems which incorporate thin topping slabs shall not be
used in areas which are subject to concentrated floor loads, unless deflection
compatibility between panels is appropriately designed and detailed.
The finished floor surface in the high voltage switch room shall have a degree of
finish, hardness and flatness that meets the requirements of the switchgear
supplier. Refer to the relevant Ausgrid standard drawings for switch room floor
topping details and requirements.
Sufficient space should be provided in front of the switchgear to enable safe and
effective operation of the equipment by an operator standing in front of the
switchgear panel.

10.2.2

Slabs in Contact with the Ground

Measures shall be taken to ensure the durability of all slabs in contact with the
ground. Consideration shall be given to limiting crack width and the use of nonabsorptive concrete to achieve the required building Design Life.
The use of non-absorptive concrete to prevent water ingress and/or control of the
rate of concrete deterioration in Acid Sulphate Soils (ASS) is acceptable.
The use of plastic moisture barriers may affect earthing characteristics of the
structure and shall be subject to approval by Ausgrid. The Designer shall ensure
that all Ausgrid earthing requirements are maintained on all areas or buildings
where plastic moisture barriers are utilised.

10.2.3

Floor Loading Drawing

The loads used in the design of various elements of the substation shall be clearly
shown on a dedicated Floor Loading Drawing.
The Floor Loading Drawing shall depict the loading capability in each area by the
use of shading and shall include live loads, equipment loads and superimposed
dead loads.

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10.2.4

September 2013

Deflections
Switchgear rooms shall be designed for the specific deflections and vibration
limitations of the proposed equipment.

10.3
10.3.1

Walls
Architectural Detailing
All internal walls and the internal skin of external walls shall be of suitable material
to enable the fixing of wall anchors for support of equipment or cable trays.
Masonry or reinforced concrete walls shall be designed to minimise the extent of all
cracking. Joints shall be provided as necessary to control cracking. For reinforced
walls, horizontal reinforcing shall be proportioned to provide a high degree of crack
control.
Lightweight steel-framed walls may be acceptable and shall be subject to the
approval of Ausgrid. Lightweight walls shall not be used in load bearing situations in
substations other than for temporary substations.

10.3.2

Walls Below Ground

Measures shall be taken to ensure the durability of all walls in contact with the
ground. Consideration shall be given to limiting crack width and the use of nonabsorptive concrete to achieve the required building Design Life.
The use of non-absorptive concrete to prevent water ingress and/or control of the
rate of concrete deterioration in Acid Sulphate Soils (ASS) is acceptable.
Allowance shall be made for hydrostatic pressures irrespective of the drainage
system adopted for the wall below ground.
Due to the installation of conduits in perimeter walls of the cable basements, such
areas may collect seepage groundwater. All seepage at external walls shall be
collected by perimeter drains to a gravity draining stormwater or subsoil pit. Pits
which cannot provide gravity drainage shall be serviced by twin pumps installed to
the appropriate Australian Standard and using an independent control system. The
use of pumps shall only be allowed with specific Ausgrid approval.
The drainage and discharge of any seepage groundwater shall comply with the
requirements of Clause 6.9.
Provision shall be made for the possibility of differential movement between the
building structure and conduits entering the building.
The use of plastic moisture barriers may affect earthing characteristics of the
structure and shall be subject to approval by Ausgrid. The Designer shall ensure
that all Ausgrid earthing requirements are maintained on all areas or buildings
where plastic moisture barriers are utilised.

10.4
10.4.1

Roofing System
General
The roofing system consists of roof cladding, roof drainage elements, roof space,
ceilings and associated support structures.
The roofing system of the substation building shall provide the specified Design Life
at a minimum Life Cycle Cost. Replacement is allowed for the outer or aesthetic roof
components (e.g. roof sheeting, guttering, downpipes and architectural elements) at
nominated intervals during the Design Life. Replacement during the Design Life
requires a Life Cycle Cost assessment in accordance with Clause 5.6 and shall be
subject to approval by Ausgrid.

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September 2013

The area around the substation building, immediately under the roof eaves, shall be
sloped away from the building to prevent water ingress. Refer to NS 186 Major
Substations Civil Works Design Standard for details of personnel access paths and
other areas external to the building.

10.4.2

Weather Protection
To minimise the risk of water entering the building no penetrations are permitted
through the roof.
In addition, no penetrations (other than approved fixings) are permitted through any
impervious membranes or continuous building elements that sit below the main roof.
Where penetrations are not avoidable, a suitable sealing system shall be proposed
for review and approval by Ausgrid.
Architectural roof elements are to minimise dust entry into the building as this may
affect the operation of indoor switchgear and control equipment.

10.4.3

Roof Sheeting/Cladding
Roof sheeting shall have a minimum slope of 5 degrees unless the design ensures
the roof sheeting cannot permanently deform, or otherwise allow water ponding to
occur, under the expected maintenance or construction loading. All roof
sheeting/cladding shall be specified to minimise reflectivity.
Unless approved, all roof sheeting shall utilise concealed fasteners which do not
require the roof sheeting to be perforated. Cyclone fasteners are preferred and
should be used for all types of roof sheeting. Alternative fastener types shall be
subject to the approval of Ausgrid and, in all cases, shall meet or exceed the wind
loading requirements of Clause 10.7.
Roof coatings shall be of a light colour to reflect heat and decrease heat load on the
building wherever possible.

10.4.4

Roof Drainage
The use of external roof gutters is to be minimised subject to the drainage
requirements of the local Council.
Where roof gutters are omitted, each external doorway shall be provided with
waterfall protection as a minimum requirement for diverting run-off from the roof. In
addition, suitable provisions should be made around the building perimeter to collect
and divert roof run-off and to provide suitable erosion control.
Where external roof gutters are provided they shall be of large, oversize, design to
minimise blockages and reduce the need for access and maintenance.
Downpipes shall be oversized and provided with a gap at the base (minimum 75mm
above ground level) to allow collected leaves and debris to be removed before
entering the underground stormwater system. At ground level, the associated
stormwater sumps and grates shall be appropriately sized and detailed so as to
minimise roof water overflowing onto the adjoining ground or pavements.
The underground stormwater system shall be completely external to the substation
building unless otherwise approved in writing by Ausgrid.

10.4.5

Roof Maintenance Access

Roof support structures shall be designed to support loadings from roof
maintenance activities.
An appropriate system is to be specified to provide for safe maintenance access
onto the roof area. As a minimum, roofs shall be capable of being fitted with
sufficient fall arrest anchor points to comply with the relevant WorkCover or other
legislative requirements. The design and layout of the anchor system shall ensure

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September 2013

that it can be used for appropriate fall restraint techniques with minimal fall
distances and pendulum effects.
A roof access system that relies on the roof sheeting for structural support is not
preferred and shall be referred to Ausgrid for approval.

10.5

Doors and Windows

All internal and external doors are to comply with the requirements of the BCA.
Where necessary, doors shall be fire rated in accordance with NS187.
All doors and windows shall be accordance with the requirements of Ausgrid
Drawing 232351 - Perimeter Security Standard Door & Window Schedule. All doors
shall open outwards.
At least one entrance to the switch room shall be of sufficient size to accommodate
the largest switchboard module. All external doors, and any internal doors opening
from areas accessible by non-authorised personnel, shall be fitted with Ausgrid
"standard" lock barrels in accordance with NEG EP07 Network Access and Security
Locks and Keys.

10.6

Dead and Live Loads

Dead and live loads shall be in accordance with AS/NZS 1170.0 and AS/NZS
1170.1 unless advised otherwise in writing by Ausgrid. Suitable provisions shall be
made for any dynamic components, where applicable, and for equipment handling
and installation loads.
For switch rooms and other areas containing significant items of heavy equipment,
the imposed floor actions shall be advised by Ausgrid or otherwise shall comply with
Table 3.1 Reference Values of Imposed Floor Actions in AS/NZS1170.1 (2002)
under the type of activity E Areas around equipment in boiler rooms (weight of
equipment to be determined).
Where a concrete slab is used as the roof/ceiling structure the imposed roof/ceiling
actions shall be a minimum of 1.5kPa for serviceability design and 2.0kPa for
strength design. Any superimposed dead loads shall be additional to these values.
For all other roof structure types the dead and live loads shall be in accordance with
AS/NZS 1170.0 and AS/NZS 1170.1.
Permanent dead loads shall be maximum foreseeable loads over the entire Design
Life of the substation.

10.7

Wind Loads
Wind Loads applicable to the substation buildings shall be in accordance with
AS/NZS 1170.2 - 2002 and shall not be less than the value derived from the
following:

Note:

Substation Category

Regional Wind Speed (m/s)

100 year
50 year
20 year

V2500 (See Note)

V2500
V1000

Risk Analysis required. Refer to AS/NZS 1170.0 - 2002, Appendix F

Annual Probability of Exceedance.

For structures covered by the BCA, AS/NZS 1170.0 - 2002 requires the design
loads to comply with the annual probability of exceedance as given in the BCA. For
these structures the relevant requirements of the BCA shall apply where they are
more severe than the values given in the table above.

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25

10.8

September 2013

Earthquake Loads
Earthquake loads shall be obtained from AS/NZS 1170.4 and AS/NZS 1170.0.
The ENA guidelines Seismic Security of Power Systems ND/S/-01 (ESAA, ESC158
January 1994) and Substation Seismic Design Application Guide ND/S/-02 (ESAA,
ESC156 September 1994) should also be referenced for information purposes.
The annual probability of exceedance and the probability factor (kp) for earthquake
loading shall not be less than that shown in the table below:

Note:

Substation
Category

Annual Probability of
Exceedance

Probability Factor
(kp)

100 year
50 year
20 year

1/2500
1/2500
1/1000

Risk Analysis (See Note)

1.8
1.3

Refer to AS/NZS 1170.0 - 2002 Appendix F Annual Probability of

Exceedance.

For structures covered by the BCA, AS/NZS 1170.0 - 2002 requires the design
loads to comply with the annual probability of exceedance as given in the BCA. For
these structures the relevant requirements of the BCA shall apply where they are
more severe than the values given in the table above.

10.9

Structural Redundancy
Substation buildings shall be designed to prevent progressive collapse following a
substation fire or an overpressure event. This requirement shall apply only at the
locations, and to the extent, that these events are required to be sustained by the
building structure. Refer to Clauses 9.1 and 9.3.

10.10 Differential Settlement

Differential settlement shall be limited or managed to prevent structural damage to
the substation and to limit detrimental impact on plant and equipment.

10.11 Foundation Structures

The foundation structures used for substation buildings shall meet the relevant
requirements of NS186 Major Substations Civil Works Design Standard relating to
footing systems and piles as applicable.

10.12 Vibration Limits

Some equipment installed in substations has specific vibration profiles which may
affect the natural frequency of the building.
Measures shall be taken to address the issues involved with vibration.
Vibration levels shall be within the levels described by EPA NSW Environment &
Heritage Assessing Vibration: a technical guideline, February 2006.
Substation buildings which may be affected by existing or potential mine blasting
activities shall consider the impacts of ground vibration and air blast overpressure.
The requirements and limitations of NEG SM22 Blasting Near Ausgrid Substations
and also AS 2187.2 Use of Explosives should be considered, although it should be
noted that sensitive electrical equipment may require much more stringent vibration
limits.
The blasting induced Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) and air blast overpressure within
a substation boundary should not exceed the limits given in NEG SM22, unless
approved by Ausgrid. Blasting activities may also require protective measures to

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September 2013

prevent flyrock from entering the site and/or damaging associated overhead
transmission lines.

10.13 Basement Structures

Substations may have basement areas, referred to as Cable Marshalling Areas
(CMA) which may require construction below surface or ground level.
The internal ceiling height of the CMA shall be the minimum required for safe
installation and operation of equipment and for safe egress of personnel. A CMA
should not be provided under control room areas unless specific approval has been
granted by Ausgrid.
Refer to Clause 11.3.6 for detailed CMA design requirements.
Potential water ingress into the CMA should be minimised and a perimeter drain
and sump should be provided as outlined in Clause 10.3.2.

10.13.1

Cable Entry Points into Building

Where there is potential for differential movement greater than 10 mm between the
cable basement of a building and the surrounding ground, care shall be taken to
ensure that duct lines and cables which enter the cable basement do not suffer
damage due to the resulting shear displacement. Refer to Ausgrid Drawing No.
177332 and NEG SM04.27 Power Cable Conduits for details.
Cable conduits entering buildings shall comply with the following:

All conduits which are not in use are to be capped.

All conduits shall be graded away from the building where possible.

All bell mouths are to be installed in line with Ausgrid requirements to minimise
water ingress to the building. See Ausgrid Drawing No. 177332.

All conduits shall be located to ensure cabling is not exposed to any sharp
edges or misaligned joints which may damage the cable.

10.14 Cranes and Monorails

Provision shall be made for lifting and handling of equipment within substations.
This may necessitate fixed lifting devices such as gantry cranes, monorail and other
lifting and pulling points. Manoeuvring space should be provided as necessary.
The requirements shall be identified in the Equipment Handling Plan. Refer to
Clause 11.3.5.

10.15 Pulling Eyes and Stanchions

Fixed stanchions or pulling eyes may be required for the manoeuvring of equipment
and cable pulling. Refer to requirements of the Electrical Layout Plan and
Equipment Handling Plans (Refer to Clause 11.3.5).

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27

11

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS

11.1

Vermin Proofing

September 2013

All building elements shall be animal and vermin proof. Animals and vermin include
birds, possums, cats, rats, mice, snakes, foxes and termites. Where external ledges
or potential bird roosting places cannot be eliminated by the Designer, the need for
'bird-spikes' or similar systems to deter roosting, shall be considered.

11.2

Termite Protection

11.2.1

Specifications
Ausgrid buildings should generally be designed to avoid the use of timber or
cellulose based products that may be subject to termite attack.
At locations where the use of timber or cellulose based products are deemed to be
necessary, suitable precautions as indicated below shall be adopted to detect
and/or protect against termite attack:

The buildings and surrounding areas shall be subject to an annual termite

inspection to enable early detection and treatment of any potential termite
attack.

The buildings shall have suitable design detailing of floors, walls and joints to
deter termite entry and allow for visual detection of any termite activity.

Suitable access for inspection, maintenance and durability assessment should

be considered as part of the design process.

By limiting the use of materials that are subject to termite attack and adopting the
precautions as indicated above, the further installation of physical termite protection
systems within a substation will generally not be required.
Where additional termite protection, including physical termite protection, is
proposed at a specific location, it shall be subject to the written approval of Ausgrid.
Chemical systems for termite protection are not acceptable and will not be
approved.
Specifications for concrete work are to include provisions regarding the use of pegs
in concrete and screeding activities. All pegs used for activities such as, but not
limited to, height levelling of slabs or indicators of wet areas for screeding at a lower
level are to be removed and all holes properly filled and compacted to avoid
cracking or holes which may allow the ingress of termites.

11.2.2

Conduits or Cabling Requirements

All conduits entering Ausgrid buildings that may contain materials that are subject to
termite attack are to be sealed. The aim is to prevent the entry of termites into
buildings via conduits or any cracks which could occur near or at cable entry points.

11.3

Space Planning and Layout

11.3.1

Electrical Equipment Layout

The following shall be considered in the preparation of the substation layout:

Specific room and accommodation requirements

Safe egress and adequate working space

Equipment Handling Plans

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28

11.3.2

Cabling area requirements

General circulation and personnel access

Amenities

Emergency facilities

Security

Light and power

Data and communications

Earthing and lightning protection

Coordination with other services

Future expansion provisions

September 2013

Battery Accommodation
Substation batteries are to be located in suitable metal cabinet-type accommodation
within the control room / switch room. Separate battery rooms are not required
unless requested and approved by Ausgrid.
The battery cabinet-type accommodation can be either free-standing or wall
mounted as required.
Where multiple battery groups are provided in a substation, the batteries shall be
located with sufficient separation to enable maintenance or similar activities on one
battery to not adversely affect operation of the other.
Refer also to NS191 Batteries & Battery Chargers in Major Substations for specific
battery accommodation requirements.

11.3.3

AFLC Accommodation
Audio Frequency Load Control (AFLC) equipment, where provided, shall be located
in suitable accommodation within the substation. The type of AFLC accommodation
adopted will depend on site location, substation layout, available space, equipment
type and other factors.
The requirements for AFLC accommodation shall be as follows:
1. Outdoor Equipment The first preference, where the site allows, is for an
outdoor kiosk type accommodation separate from the main substation buildings.
2. Indoor Equipment Where outdoor equipment cannot be used, all AFLC indoor
equipment shall be contained either inside one (1) room within a substation
building or in separate enclosures as indicated below.
3. Separate Enclosures Indoor AFLC equipment can be accommodated within
one or more separate buildings / enclosures located away from the main
substation building.
4. Alternative Use The AFLC room within a building / enclosure shall be
designed for an alternative future use (storeroom etc) following removal of the
AFLC equipment.
5. Overpressure No provision for overpressure due to deflagration is required for
the AFLC accommodation. Provision for arc fault overpressure may be required
depending on design and equipment selection.
6. Noise Suitable provisions shall be made to mitigate the noise impacts on
sensitive receivers due to AFLC equipment operation. Refer to Clause 6.5.
7. Ventilation The AFLC accommodation shall be externally vented with suitable
measures taken to address noise and contamination issues as required.
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29

September 2013

8. Design Life The AFLC accommodation can be designed for a 20 year design
life in accordance with Clause 5.3.3 where appropriate. Prefabricated or
modular type construction that satisfies the design requirements may be
acceptable for this purpose.
The Designer shall prepare proposed designs for the AFLC accommodation and
submit these to Ausgrid for review and approval.

11.3.4

Safe Egress and Adequate Working Space

Adequate working and circulation space shall be provided around electrical
equipment to ensure all equipment operation and maintenance activities, cable
connections and emergency escapes can safely take place. Working areas and
egress paths shall consider but not be limited to the following:

Exposed conductors

Busbars through walls encroaching on minimum head clearances

Position of equipment during overhaul operations

Position of permanent
switchgear etc

Positioning of cables particularly in cable basements, risers, marshalling and

spreading areas

Positioning of cable trays

Positioning of other services within the building

Extent of emergency lighting provided

Egress paths shall not be near exposed live conductors including low voltage

Positioning of the doors

Fall arrest

Section safety clearances shall be provided to Ausgrid and Australian

Standards.

electrical

equipment

particularly

transformers,

Access into substations which contain areas which may be classified as confined
spaces shall comply with the provisions of AS 2865 and the WHS Regulation, 2011
(NSW).

11.3.5

Equipment Handling Plans

Equipment Handling Plans shall be prepared for each substation site.
The Equipment Handling Plans shall be prepared in conjunction with the Electrical
Layout Plan and as required by NEG SM15 Equipping, Operability, Maintainability
and End of Life Replacement Assessment.
The Equipment Handling Plans shall include a schedule of unencumbered heights
above and below the switchboards and control equipment to be prepared by the
Designer and approved by Ausgrid.

11.3.6

Cabling Marshalling Area Requirements

The design of cabling marshalling areas is to ensure these spaces are not to be
classified as confined spaces wherever possible. Consider design of low level and
high level natural ventilation.
Fit-out and clearances information regarding cable handling, installation and access
are to be provided by the Designer to Ausgrid.

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30

11.3.6.1

September 2013

Safe Egress

All personnel entering and working within cabling marshalling areas are trained and
inducted. On this basis, all personnel are aware of the site-specific safety risks and
are familiar with the location of emergency egress points.
Emergency egress paths shall be maintained unobstructed.
In cable basements the egress paths shall have a minimum height of 2.0 m. In
establishing this, consideration shall be given to overhead cable trays and other
equipment or services supported from ceilings, beams or walls and cables located
at low level above the floor. Cables that are located on the floor can be excluded
from the minimum height calculation provided that:

sufficient space is provided to step over (or between) the cables; and

suitable emergency lighting is provided at, or near, each cable crossing of the
defined egress paths.

11.3.6.2

Adequate working space

Adequate working and circulation space is to be provided in cabling marshalling

areas to ensure all maintenance activities, cable pulling and emergency escape and
rescue can be safely undertaken.
11.3.6.3

Internal Cable Trenches

Internal cable trenches within a building shall allow for a suitable bending radius to
be provided for cables and other services installed in the trench. In particular,
suitable provision shall be made for the installation of fibre optic cables which may
have larger bending radii than other services within the cable trench. Refer to
Clause 11.8.
Suitable measures shall be taken to ensure that internal cable trenches do not have
exposed sharp edges or corners which may cause damage to cables during
installation works.

11.3.7

General Circulation and Personnel Access

Adequate movement throughout the substation is required for personnel and
equipment. This section details Ausgrids minimum requirements for general
circulation.

11.3.7.1

Corridors and Passageways

Corridors and passageways are to meet minimum BCA and AS 1657 requirements,
site specific and ultimate equipment handling dimensions including equipment
installation and maintenance requirements.
Refer to the Equipment Handling Plan to ensure all corridors and passageways are
adequate for all equipment movement.
Door sizes shall meet the requirements of the BCA and the Equipment Handling
Plan.
11.3.7.2

Lifts

Where lifts are required in substations they shall be designed for the transport of
personnel, equipment and ambulance or emergency stretchers which may be
required in an emergency.
Lifts shall satisfy the following requirements:

Minimum internal lift car sizes are: 2000 mm long x 1500 mm wide.

Minimum clear lift door sizes are: 2400 mm high x 1300 mm wide.

Minimum lifting capacity: 1200 kg.

The Equipment Handling Plan: to ensure sufficient space to utilise lifts for the
installation and replacement of equipment.
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31

11.3.8

September 2013

Access for Telecommunication Carriers

Provision shall be made within the substation for the required data and
communication installation works and for suitable access via communications
conduits. Refer to Clause 11.8.

11.3.9

Access for People with Disablilites

Substation buildings and yards containing live electrical equipment do not require
disabled access.

11.4

Amenities
The Designer shall incorporate the following amenities into substation building
designs.

11.4.1

Minimum Requirement
The minimum level of amenities at Major Substations which are determined by
Ausgrid as requiring amenities shall comprise a toilet, wash basin and wall mounted
hose tap.
Where possible, access to the toilet is to be provided such that a lower level security
key can be used to access the toilet without providing access to the general
switchyard / control room area.

11.4.2

Additional Amenities
Depending on location and frequency of use and as determined by Ausgrid further
amenities may be specified including some items as listed below. The provision and
extent of any additional amenities at a Major Substation shall be requested in writing
by Ausgrid.

11.4.2.1

Meal Room

A separate meal room with the following:

A non opening window to allow natural light in accordance with BCA.

A table and chairs with sufficient capacity for 4 persons. Additional seating
capacity, where required, will be subject to approval by Ausgrid.

A sink and cupboard unit connected to a domestic hot and cold water service.
All taps are to be WELS minimum 5 star (maximum 7.5 L/min) tap.

An instantaneous boiling water unit over the sink with automatic cut-out when
not in immediate use.

Dual power outlet for appliances.

11.4.2.2

Toilet/shower

A unisex toilet/shower area containing the following:

The cistern shall provide low water use and have full and half flush functions.
The rating shall be WELS minimum 4 star (maximum 4.5/3 L/min).

An enclosed shower tiled full height with attached change area including a
bench seat and (4) four clothes hanging hooks.

The shower head shall be a water saving type which complies with Sydney
Water requirements and guidelines.

A large wash basin with moveable spout. All taps are to be WELS minimum 5
star (maximum 7.5 L/min) tap.

A wall mounted hose tap for the cleaner's use.

All other water fixtures should achieve a minimum 5 star WELS rating.

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32

11.4.3

September 2013

All amenities to be contained within one area with privacy locks on the entry
door, the shower cubicle and the toilet.

Lighting
All lighting in staff amenities shall be motion activated to ensure the energy levels
are kept to a minimum. Refer to Clause 11.7 for specific lighting requirements.

11.5

Emergency Facilities
One (1) emergency eyewash and safety shower facility shall be provided for the
substation to meet WorkCover and Ausgrid requirements. Any additional emergency
facilities shall be subject to the approval of Ausgrid.
The emergency facility shall be located near the area considered to be of highest
personnel risk. Generally, this will be a location that is external to, and as near as
possible to, a switch room door. Where practicable, the emergency facility should
also be in the vicinity of the battery enclosure location.
The preferred location of the emergency facility is external to the building where
possible, and positioned near to the area(s) considered to be of highest personnel
risk. Where an emergency facility is required internally (e.g. a CBD substation)
suitable measures shall be taken to ensure that the splash zone does not impact on
electrical and other services such as power, lighting, switchboards, fire indicator
panels etc.
Emergency facilities are used infrequently and hence, for external locations, specific
drainage provisions for the discharge are not essential. However, for internal
locations provision for drainage should be included unless a specific path for the
discharge is provided that avoids hazardous conditions arising within the building.
A self contained emergency facility without fixed plumbing may be acceptable
subject to compliance with WorkCover requirements and relevant Australian
Standards. A Life Cycle Cost assessment shall be provided for these types of
facilities to balance the initial capital savings against future operation and
maintenance costs.

11.6
11.6.1

Security
General Design Requirements
The perimeter of live switchyards and the substation building shall be secured to
minimise the risk of unauthorised entry.
If a wall of a substation building faces a public space, there should be no external
recesses in the facade capable of offering a concealed place or climb point.
No storage rooms or areas other than those required for approved substation
equipment shall be allowed within substations.
Note:

11.6.2

For specific security requirements, refer to the ENA Standards/Guidelines

(www.ena.asn.au) - Doc 015-2006 National Guideline for Prevention of
Unauthorised Access to Electricity Infrastructure and NEG EP09 Intruder
Resistant Fences for Zone & Subtransmission Substations.

Doors, Locks and Keys

Refer to NEG EP07 for lock system requirements.
Doors shall meet the requirements of the National Guideline for Prevention of
Unauthorised Access to Electricity Infrastructure.
Keys to all Ausgrid yards and buildings are issued only to Ausgrid Security Services.
Keys are not to be issued to any person unless authority in writing is received from
Ausgrid.
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33

11.6.3

September 2013

Monitoring and Alarms

Smoke alarms (to the requirements of NEG SM07) shall be installed throughout the
building and connected to the Ausgrid SCADA system and to the local fire authority
fire detection system.
Intruder alarms and motion detectors are optional for the building and shall be
specified by Ausgrid as required.

11.7

Power and Lighting

The substation building shall be fitted with AC lighting, GPOs and smoke detectors.
Intruder alarms and motion detectors are optional and shall be specified by Ausgrid
as required.
All electrical installation work shall be carried out in accordance with Ausgrid NEG
SM04.21 Light & Power.
Refer to NEG SM07 for smoke detector requirements.

11.7.1

Emergency Lighting
Self contained emergency exit lights only shall be installed. The emergency exit
lighting system shall be checked and maintained in accordance with BCA
requirements. A separate battery and emergency DC lighting is not required.

11.7.2

Task Lighting
Task lighting shall be based on the type of equipment and the work to be carried out
in the compartment. The use of portable lighting to supplement task specific work is
allowed where adequate permanent task lighting is impracticable or not cost
effective.
Task lighting shall be in accordance with NEG SM04.21, AS/NZS 1680.1 and
1680.2.4.

11.7.3

External Lighting
Type and layout of fittings shall conform to Ausgrid NEG SM04.21. Refer to the
intrusive lighting provisions of AS 4282 and the general lighting provisions of AS/NZ
1158.

11.7.4

General Power Outlets

General power outlets shall be as required by Ausgrid NEG SM04.21.

11.7.5

Location of Switches, Cables and Lights

All light switches shall generally be located inside the compartment immediately
adjacent to the entry door on the latch side. Light switches for high voltage cages
shall be in a similar position but external to the cage.
All light fittings shall be positioned to facilitate ease of maintenance and
replacement of luminaires without creating a hazardous environment. All cabling
shall be installed in conduits.

11.8
11.8.1

Data and Communications

Standards
All data and communication installation work shall be carried out in accordance with
the BCA, Ausgrid requirements, Australian Standards and Network Standards.
Refer to NS203 Planning and Design Standards for Electrical Network
Telecommunications Assets and NS208 Series: Telecommunications Substations
Communication Cabinet - Design Work Instructions for further details.

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34

11.8.2

September 2013

Telecommunications Brief
A Telecommunications Brief indicating the specific project requirements shall be
issued by Ausgrid / Communications for all Major Substation projects. This Brief will
detail communications related work at the substation, and also other works required
to ensure the site is integrated into the communications network.

11.8.3

Communications Cabinets
Communications cabinets shall be designed, supplied and installed in accordance
with NS208 series of standards. The NS208 series provides details dealing with, but
not limited to, the following aspects:

Number of enclosures allocated for communications purposes in substations of

various types.

Placement of communications enclosures.

Arrangement of equipment inside communications enclosures.

11.8.4

Communication Installation works

The Communications/Data technician is to coordinate the installation of the
following services:

connection of substation phones,

connection of fire brigade line,

connection of SCADA,

security system(s), and

any other project specific communication needs to the telecommunications

network.

All external copper telephone lines shall be run to the Telephone Isolation Cabinet,
and shall be isolated from the building and any non-approved termination
equipment.

11.8.5

External Communications Conduits

Conduits that run from internal pits or buildings to outside the Major Substation
boundary are considered to be external communications conduits.
The following are the minimum number of external communications conduits
required:
1.

One (1) white 50mm conduit is required to be run from the Telephone Isolation
Cabinet (TIC) to outside of the substation boundary. Where the conduit transits
via the cable marshalling area, provision shall be made to enable the conduit to
be earth isolated from other cables.
The placement of the communications pit outside the substation boundary
should be such that it minimises the civil works required by the incumbent
National carrier (Telstra).

2.

One (1) white 50mm conduit is required to a communications pit outside the
boundary of the substation. The placement of the pit outside the substation
boundary should be such that it minimises the civil works by a competitive
National carrier (non-Telstra).

3.

One (1) orange 50mm conduit is to be run with each 11kV bank of conduits to
the cable marshalling area. Conduits are to be capped outside of the substation
boundary, unless otherwise specified in the Telecommunications Brief.

4.

A minimum of one (1) orange 63mm conduit for Protection Fibre is to be run
with each 33kV or higher voltage bank of conduits to the vicinity of the nearest

NS185 + NSAs 1738 & 1766

35

September 2013

joint bay. These conduits do NOT to enter the joint bay, but rather enter an
adjacent communications specific pit.
5.

11.8.6

A minimum of one (1) orange 50mm conduit for Distributed Temperature

Sensing (DTS) is to be run with each 33kV or higher voltage bank of conduits
to the nearest joint bay. These conduits DO enter the joint bay. Refer to the
Telecommunications Brief and the Transmission Mains Underground design for
the bank of conduits.

Internal Communications Conduits

Conduits that run between buildings within the Major Substation are considered to
be internal communications conduits.
Where the substation consists of multiple buildings the communications conduits
shall be run between the buildings in such a manner as to securely and reliably
provide connectivity. This will also facilitate a structured cabling system to be
installed if required.
To ensure that secure and reliable connectivity is provided, the following minimum
number and arrangement of conduits is required:
1.

Conduit depths shall align with NEG TC28 Installation of Optical Fibre
Infrastructure within Substations to ensure minimum disruption to the conduits
due to normal substation works.

2.

A minimum of two (2) orange 80mm diverse conduit routes are required
between all buildings. This may be facilitated in a ladder or ring
arrangement. Contact Ausgrid Communications for assistance in route
planning.

For most substations, a bank of control and protection conduits will typically be
constructed between buildings. The required internal communication conduits can
be run together with these conduits.

11.8.7

Cable Trenches and Trays

Both the external and internal communications cables for the substation are run to a
designated end-point, typically a telecommunications cabinet.
For external switchyards, the communications cables can transition between
conduits buried in the ground to conduits located within the cable trenches. Upon
entry into the building cable marshalling area, the communications cables should
remain within conduits and be run on the existing internal cable trays.
Precautions should be taken when designing all communication cable routes to:
1.

Maintain minimum bend requirements. For fibre optic cables the minimum bend
radius for cables is typically twenty one (21) times the outer diameter of the
cable. This usually translates to approximately 300mm minimum bend radius.

2.

Ensure all cables are contained in conduits, whether on cable trays or in cable
trenches. This will minimise exposure and the risk of mechanical damage when
run within a substation area.

3.

Saddle the cable conduits to the side wall of any cable trenches when running
conduits through an external switchyard.

4.

Minimise the risk of outage to redundant diverse cables by not using common
cable paths or common mechanical fixings where possible (i.e. booker rod
supporting dual cable trays).

5.

Maintain cable diversity as required by the Telecommunications Brief (refer to

Ausgrid / Communications).

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36

6.

11.9

September 2013

Label all conduits with the cable number at all substation transition (entry/exits)
points. Should the conduit run be significant, label also every 10 metres of
conduit.

Future Expansion of Control Rooms

The Designer shall consider the need for future expansion of the control room. All
provisions that are proposed for future expansion shall be assessed on a Life Cycle
Cost basis and will be subject to approval by Ausgrid.
The Designer shall consider the following aspects when determining the type and
extent of control room future expansion provisions:
1. Design Life allow for the equipment and technology changes that may
reasonably occur during the Design Life of the substation.
2. Ultimate Capacity allow for the expected future feeder bays, transformers
and equipment which will form the ultimate design capacity of the
substation.
3. Refurbishment provide for the space requirements of mid-term
refurbishment as outlined in Clause 5.6.2.
4. Future Flexibility enable future flexibility by providing a shared common
space designed for alternative applications using common panels wherever
possible.
5. Potential Reductions consider potential reductions in future space
requirements (i.e. control and protection) that may offset increases
elsewhere over a similar timeframe.
6. New Technologies consider new applications which are on the horizon
and expected to develop over the Design Life.
7. Future Contingency consider additional, well supported, space allowances
for unforseen developments, energy strategies and technologies that may
develop.
8. Integration combine all functions within one room wherever possible
unless separate rooms are nominated by Ausgrid for specific equipment.
9. Building Design consider a building layout and design that enables the
control room to be readily extended within an operational substation.
10. Special Requirements allow for the specific requirements that may arise
at unique locations within the network (i.e. tunnel communications, UPS,
GRN etc).
The key design requirements that should be applied to future expansion provisions
for control rooms include, but are not limited to, the following:

Restrict panel dimensions (width and depth) to within a nominated range for
improved layout efficiency.

Distribute spare panel space appropriately throughout the room and amongst
each of the various functional groupings.

Eliminate or minimise separation between functional groupings unless required

by technical or risk considerations.

Provide ventilation, air quality and temperature control to current standards

and procure any future equipment accordingly.

Ensure cabling provisions (basement, trenches) have sufficient size and

capacity to accommodate current and future panel installations.

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September 2013

Make suitable allowances for segregation and redundant paths for future
cables where appropriate.

Ensure that all allocations of future panel space are controlled and coordinated
solely by the Designer and variations are approved by Ausgrid.

Ensure that the future expansion provisions are clearly indicated on the design
drawings together with the approved nominal allocations.

Most designs for Major Substations will allow for some spare panel space within the
total allocated space to cater for known or reasonably expected future additions and
for panel upgrades and replacement. This provision may increase where there is a
level of uncertainty regarding future requirements. The amount of space provided
for future expansion will vary from site to site and as new technologies emerge.
Substations in CBD locations have specific requirements and may require additional
considerations to those that are indicated above.

11.10 Plant and Equipment Labelling

All plant and equipment within the switch room/control room shall be fitted with
identification nameplates and labelled in accordance with the requirements shown in
NS158 Labelling of Mains and Apparatus.

11.11 Building Signage

Statutory building signage shall be provided to ensure compliance with the relevant
legislation, Australian Standards, ENA Standards / Guidelines, the BCA or other
statutory authority requirements. Refer to ENA Doc 015-2006 for National
Guidelines on building signage.
External building identification signs are to be made of stainless steel, engraved,
colour filled and fixed to the requirements of Ausgrid Drawing No. 167191.
Additional signage including layout and specification shall be provided by Ausgrid.

11.11.1

Compartment/Room Names
Identification signs shall be provided in accordance with Ausgrid Drawing No.
167191.
Earth lead storage rooms shall not be labelled when the access doors are on the
external walls or are visible from outside the switchyard.

11.11.2

Standard Ausgrid Operational Signs

Ausgrid shall supply the following signs where appropriate:

11.11.3
11.11.3.1

Electrical equipment operating safety signs.

Emergency Information Diagrams

General

Emergency information diagrams shall comply with the Department of Planning &
Infrastructure Hazardous Industry Planning Advisory Paper No 1 Emergency
Planning, AS 3745 and relevant sections of AS 1319.
Emergency information diagrams, including emergency drainage diagrams, shall be
prepared for the entire substation area including the completed substation building.
They shall be prepared and installed prior to commissioning of the substation.
All emergency information diagrams shall be updated when any modifications are
undertaken. Additionally, the diagrams shall be inspected for relevancy and
accuracy at least annually during routine substation inspections. Any deficiency in
the emergency diagrams shall be reported to Ausgrid / Network Development.

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September 2013

Emergency information diagrams are to be posted adjacent to substation phones

(generally in the control room) and additional copies shall be posted at the
substation entrance door and other main exits.
Additional diagram locations may be required to facilitate emergency response at
substations.
All emergency information diagrams, including emergency drainage diagrams, are
to be made available on Ausgrids Technical Document Management System
(TDMS).
The emergency information diagrams shall incorporate locations of emergency
exits, emergency equipment, hazards, telephones and procedures to be employed
in case of accidents or emergencies in the substation and any other relevant
information regarding local emergency facilities and resources.
11.11.3.2

Emergency Drainage Diagrams

Emergency drainage diagrams are to be prepared for the completed stormwater

and oil containment systems for the entire substation site. The diagrams shall
include the building, outdoor areas and locations immediately adjacent to the
boundary where site runoff may be critical.
The Emergency drainage diagrams shall be updated when any modifications to the
drainage systems are made. Emergency drainage diagrams are to be posted
adjacent to, and together with, each Emergency information diagram.

11.12 Building Design Documentation

11.12.1

Drawings and Specifications

Electronic copies of design drawings and specifications shall be provided in Ausgrid
compatible format. As built drawings shall be provided within 4 weeks of
completion of construction in the same format.

11.12.2

Room Data Sheet Proforma

The Designer shall provide Room Data Sheets to the format in Appendix A for the
substation building. The required finishes shall be as specified in Appendix B.

11.12.3

Maintenance Procedures and Operating Manuals

The Maintenance Procedures and Operating Manuals shall:

Be prepared based on information contained in the Preliminary Maintenance

Procedures and Operation schedules.

Be submitted to Ausgrid for review and approval prior to an application being

submitted for Practical Completion.

Include recommended procedures for all maintenance and operation.

Ensure the specified Design Life to comply with Life Cycle Costing
requirements.

Include information regarding operation and replacement instructions for items

which have been amended during construction.

Include all items added to the project due to revised construction, design,
security or organisational issues encountered in the design and construction
phases.

Comply with the relevant requirements of NS212 Integrated Support

Requirements for Ausgrid Network Assets.

Within 4 weeks of Practical Completion of the construction of the substation, the

Final Maintenance Procedures and Operating Manuals detailing all the inspection,
maintenance and operational requirements shall be provided.
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September 2013

Should Final Maintenance Procedures and Operating Manuals not be provided

within such time Ausgrid may prepare these documents at the Contractors cost,
which shall be deducted from the retention monies.

11.12.4

Design and Construction Certification

Certification or design statement as per Clause 5.4 shall be provided stating the
project has been designed by appropriately qualified personnel in accordance with
the Ausgrid design brief, all relevant Network Standards, the relevant Australian
Standards and accepted standards of practice prior to approval or acceptance of the
design.
Certification of the as-constructed works shall be provided in accordance with the
Ausgrid design documentation and shall be provided to Ausgrid as part of the Final
Occupation Certificate process.

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September 2013

APPENDIX A Room Data Sheet Pro-forma

Level No.

Space Name

Min. Floor Dimensions

Min. Height Clearances

Access Notes

Equipment

Roof
Type
Finish/colour
Thermal Rating
Design Life
Slope
Fasteners
Guttering

Downpipes
Anchor Points
Floor
Type
Finish
Traffic
Loadings / Point Loading
Tolerances
Inserts / Penetrations
Min. Fire Rating
Overpressure
Wall
Type (Internal/External)
Acoustic rating
Finishes (Internal/External)
Viewing Panels
Fixtures (Internal/External)
Min. Fire Rating
Overpressure
Venting type and area
Doors
Min. Clear Opening
Hob height.
Type / Min. Fire Rating
Electronic Security
Keying
Min Fire rating
Overpressure
Ceiling/slab soffit
Type
Finish
Acoustic Rating
Min. Fire Rating
Overpressure
Venting
NS185 + NSAs 1738 & 1766

Fixtures

Furniture

41

Mechanical Ventilation/Air Conditioning

(min. volume / RH / Temp.)
Natural Ventilation
(min. volume / free area)
Hydraulic Services
Lighting
Power
Data / Communications
Fire Services
Special Hazards

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September 2013

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September 2013

APPENDIX B Architectural Finishes

B1

Internal and External Finishes

Internal finishes to the different areas of the substation shall comply with the following
requirements.
External finishes shall comply with this Standard and the specific urban design
requirements for the locality of the substation.
All paints shall meet the low volatile organic compounds (VOC) requirements, unless
approved otherwise in writing by Ausgrid.
Table 1: Internal Finishes

Note: For details on applied coatings, refer to Table 3: Paint Finishes.

Room/Area

Ceiling

Walls

Floors

11 and 33kV
Switch room

Unpainted unless
otherwise
specified P1

Unpainted unless
otherwise specified
P2

132kV
Switch room

Unpainted unless
otherwise
specified P1

Unpainted unless
otherwise specified
P2

Control Room

Unpainted unless
otherwise
specified P1

Unpainted unless
otherwise specified
P2

Cable Basements
Marshalling
galleries, jointing
and other areas
where mass cables
are found
Battery Rooms
(where provided)

Unpainted

Unpainted

Steel Trowel Monolithic Slab

Concrete Sealer P8
Within switchgear zone;
65 mm setdown topped with reinforced
screed
Concrete Sealer P8
Steel Trowel Monolithic Slab
Concrete Sealer P8
Within switchgear zone;
65 mm setdown topped with reinforced
screed
Concrete Sealer P8
Steel Trowel Monolithic Slab with
Concrete Sealer P8
Within control panel zone;
Steel Trowel Monolithic Slab
Concrete Sealer P8
or Computer floor finished with low
maintenance flooring
Steel Trowel Monolithic Slab with
Concrete Sealer P8

Unpainted
unless otherwise
specified P1

Unpainted unless
otherwise specified
P2

Communications
Room

Unpainted
unless otherwise
specified P1
Unpainted unless
otherwise
specified P1
Unpainted unless
otherwise
specified P1

Unpainted unless
otherwise specified
P2
Unpainted unless
otherwise specified
P2
Unpainted unless
otherwise specified
P2

Sprinkler Valve
and Pump Room
AFLC Rooms

NS185 + NSAs 1738 & 1766

Steel Trowel
Monolithic slab
Concrete Sealer P8
Steel Trowel Monolithic slab
Concrete Sealer P8
Steel Trowel Monolithic Slab with
Concrete Sealer P8
Steel Trowel Monolithic Slab with epoxy
paint P6

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September 2013

Room/Area

Ceiling

Walls

Floors

Lunch Room

Painted P1.

Painted P2

Toilets / Showers

Painted P1.

Capacitor Rooms

Unpainted unless
otherwise
specified P1
Unpainted unless
otherwise
specified P1
Unpainted

Painted P2
Ceramic tiles to
wet areas
Unpainted unless
otherwise specified
P2
Unpainted unless
otherwise specified
P2
Unpainted

Steel Trowel Monolithic Slab

Vinyl sheet welded with coved skirting
Ceramic tiles

Stairs
Cable risers
Lifts

Transformer Bays
(Internal)
Transformer
Roadway
(Internal)
Loading Docks
Entry Foyers and
general circulation
areas

B2

Fire rated plastic

laminate on high
density
fibreboard
Unpainted
Unpainted

Finished stainless
steel (Rigidtex
5WL Patterned
SS)
Unpainted off-form
concrete or
masonry.
Unpainted

Unpainted unless
otherwise
specified P1
Unpainted unless
otherwise
specified P1

Unpainted unless
otherwise specified
P2
Unpainted unless
otherwise specified
P2

Steel Trowel Monolithic Slab with Oil

Resistant Sealer P5
Steel Trowel Monolithic Slab with
Concrete Sealer P8
Steel Trowel Monolithic Slab with
Concrete Sealer P8
Fire rated vinyl (Armstrong Nylex or
equal)
Steel Trowel Monolithic Slab with
Concrete Sealer P8
Steel Trowel Monolithic Slab with
Concrete Sealer P8
Steel Trowel Monolithic Slab with
Concrete Sealer P8
Steel Trowel Monolithic Slab with
Concrete Sealer P8

Off-Form Concrete Finishes

The following off-form concrete finishes are to be specified for substation buildings.
Table 2: Off-form Concrete Finishes

B3

Type

Internal Finish

External Finish

Exposed off-form concrete

Non-exposed off-form concrete

Class 2
Class 3

Class 2
Class 4

Painting
The following paint systems and colours are only to be provided at the locations that are
specified by Ausgrid. Proposed alternative paint systems and colours will require the
written approval of Ausgrid.
Table 3: Paint Finishes
Code Surface
P1

Ceilings

P2

Internal Walls

Typical
Substrate

Paint system

Concrete or
Fyrechek
Concrete or
masonry with
render

Low gloss Latex

Low gloss latex

NS185 + NSAs 1738 & 1766

Colour
reference

Colour name

White
Wattyl 25A-3P Antique Ivory

44

Code Surface

September 2013

Typical
Substrate

Paint system

Colour
reference

Colour name

Internal
Handrails,
Balustrades
Doors, Door
Frames

Metal

Semi-gloss
solvent borne

Dulux
70BB 08/064

Dark Grey

Semi-gloss
solvent borne

Wattyl 12C-4D Rich Earth

P5

Floor

Concrete

Oil resistant,
concrete sealant

Clear

Clear

P6

Floors and
Walls

Durafloor N
(Novolac)

Clear

Clear

Clear

Clear

Clear

As Specified

As Specified

P3

P4

P7

P8
P9

Note:

Concrete,
Alkaline resistant
concrete block epoxy coating
system
Full height
External Walls Concrete,
Non-Sacrificial
Masonry and Teflon
ceramic tiles
Graffiti Barrier
Floors
Concrete
Concrete sealer
to prevent dusting
Roofs
Metal
Manufacturers
Standard

All painting shall comprise a sealer coat, primer coat and two finish coats of
paint as specified above.

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September 2013

APPENDIX C Ecologically Sustainable

Development
C1

General Principles
Ecologically sustainable development (ESD) can
implementation of the following principles and programs:

be

achieved

through

the

The precautionary principle - if there are threats of serious or irreversible

environmental damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a
reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation.

In the application of the precautionary principle, public and private decisions should
be guided by:
-

careful evaluation to avoid, wherever practicable, serious or irreversible

damage to the environment, and

- an assessment of the risk-weighted consequences of various options.

Inter-generational equity - the present generation should ensure that the health,
diversity and productivity of the environment are maintained or enhanced for the
benefit of future generations.

Conservation of biological diversity and ecological integrity - conservation of

biological diversity and ecological integrity should be a fundamental consideration.

Improved valuation, pricing and incentive mechanisms - environmental factors

should be included in the valuation of assets and services, such as:
-

Polluter pays - that is, those who generate pollution and waste should bear
the cost of containment, avoidance or abatement.

The users of goods and services should pay prices based on the full life
cycle of costs of providing goods and services, including the use of natural
resources and assets and the ultimate disposal of any waste.

Environmental goals, having been established, should be pursued in the

most cost effective way, by establishing incentive structures, including
market mechanisms, that enable those best placed to maximise benefits or
minimise costs to develop their own solutions and responses to
environmental problems.
For additional guidance on ESD refer to the Department of Sustainability, Environment,
Water, Population and Communities website shown below:
http://www.environment.gov.au/about/esd/index.html#nsesd
In particular, the National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development provides
the broad strategic directions and framework for governments to direct policy and
decision-making.

NS185 + NSAs 1738 & 1766

 Ausgrid.
This document must not be reproduced in whole or
in part or converted to machine readable form or
stored in a computer or imaging system without the
written permission of Ausgrid.

Revision History
Initial Issue:

December 2004

Second Issue:

April 2008

Current Issue:

September 2013

Document Control
Authorised By: Terry Lampard

Date: 26 September 2013

Manager Standards & Communications

Document Number:

NS185