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Etenraku
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Etenraku (? , literally music brought from heaven[1]) is a Japanese gagaku melody and
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dance. It is usually played with a hichiriki or ryteki,[2] and is accompanied by other traditional
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instruments such as the sh, koto and kakko.[1]
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The origin of Etenraku is not fully known. There are theories that the melody was created in Japan,
but others believe that it is from Khotan, a tributary state of the Tang dynasty that became part of
the repertoire of the Chinese court.[3]
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During the Heian period, a gagaku form known as imay (? , literally modern style) became
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popular. In this form, poems would be sung using melodies. Etenraku was one of the most popular
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melodies to be used in imay.[4]
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In 1931 Hidemaro Konoye arranged an orchestral version of the piece, and it was later picked up
by Leopold Stokowski.[5]
These days, Etenraku is often performed at wedding ceremonies.[4]
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Melody
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Melody
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There are different versions of Etenraku in three of the modes of gagaku - hyj, shiki, and
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banshikicho.[6] The banshikicho version is purported to be the oldest of the melodies, but the hyj
version is best known in Japan.[7]
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References
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1. ^ a b Schuller, Gunther (1989). Musings: The Musical Worlds of Gunther Schuller. Oxford University
Press US. ISBN 0-19-505921-2.
2. ^ Hiscock, Chris; Metcalfe, Marian; Murray, Andy (1999). New music matters 11-14 . Heinemann.
ISBN 0-435-81091-X.
3. ^ Picken, Laurence (1990). Music from the Tang Court . CUP Archive. ISBN 0-521-34776-9.
4. ^ a b Malm, William P. (2000). Traditional Japanese music and musical instruments . Kodansha
International. ISBN 4-7700-2395-2.
5. ^ Downes, Olin (1935-11-20). "KREISLER SOLOIST WITH STOKOWSKI" . New York Times.
Retrieved 27 November 2009.
6. ^ Tokita, Alison; David W. Hughes (2008). The Ashgate research companion to Japanese music
By . Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 0-7546-5699-3.
7. ^ "Banshikicho Etenraku" . The International Shakuhachi Society. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
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Gagaku
This page w as last modified on 23 September 2014, at 21:18.
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