14.

PARTS AND PRICE LIST

15. APPLICATIONS
16. CONCLUSION
17. PCB LAYOUT
18. DATASHEETS
19. REFRENCES

INTRODUCTION
We propose to implement Project for Automatic Boom Barrier for your
Organization by supplying & Testing our RFID Hardware with International Standard.

.. In a Manufacturing and Organizational kind of environment, RFID System has

significant potential in preventing the theft of Vehicle & Goods loaded in the Vehicle from
Company/Office and streamline time consuming operations such as manual security
check by guard at exit point of Company/Office.
.. The application developed is compatible with many international standard
RFID Readers i.e. - CSL, Motorola, Interact, Mark trace, Impinge, Alien and many
more.

The foremost motive of our R&D is to develop an application that can be used with all the
RFID Readers of international standard. We have successfully integrated and tested the Readers
with our application.
We have plug and play system for RFID based Vehicle Identification and Automatic data
capturing from Weigh Bridge. The application works with all the Boom Barriers and any of the
Weigh Bridges.
The average log size in many parts of the world is getting smaller and it is becoming
increasingly time consuming and expensive to individually scale each log
A credible Vehicle Identification and Automatic Weighing System is essential for any
industry for prohibiting the passage of unauthorized vehicles and for them who are using the
measurement of weight as a benchmark for sale of a product.
Manual Inaccuracy in payload weights can be created by either inaccurate gross weights
or variability between the tare weight of the truck and the actual weight of the truck (gross
weight minus payload) at the time of gross weighing.
It should also have an automated, efficient monitoring system that allows for accurate
vehicle identification as well as an easy measuring system for the load

BOOM-BARRIER:
3

DESIGN CONCEPT
Gate automation system proposed for CDRI Campus consist of Boom Barrier & turnstile
to restrict/ control/ monitor entry of vehicles and peoples to the administrative and laboratory
area of CD RI.
Boom Barriers are proposed to be installed on all the roads leading towards administrative
and laboratory area of CDRI Campus are as follows:
- Boom- barrier at main gate of the CDRI campus without access control units
-Boom-barrier on other locations with access control units.
A rising boom barrier shall mean a vehicle access barrier that shall open in case of an
impulse with the use of a valid card. Vehicle of people authorized by the CDRI
Management shall enter into the restricted area.
Separate Boom Barriers are proposed for two and four wheel vehicle.

Boom-barriers which operate automatically utilize induction loops to detect the

approaching vehicles with the help of loop detector.

The turnstiles are proposed to be installed at all security checks of CDRI campus to
regulate the entry of pedestrians.
All the turnstile shall be operated through proximity card based access control units. People
with valid proximity cards can enter into the main administrative building.

Provision for manual operation shall also be produced by the vendor.

Purchasers LAN network being laid by third party would be utilized to extend the Boom
Barrier and Turnstile connectivity to central server.

All boom Barriers/Turnstiles shall have connectivity to non- PoE port of purchasers
networking switches on LAN.
4

UPS Power supply for each Boom Barrier /Turnstile.

Tentative locations of Boom Barrier/Turnstile are indicated in the IP CCTV, ACS , Boom
Barriers and Turnstiles layout drawing enclosed with this tender.
JBs, power supply etc. shall be in IP-66 housing.
Supply, installation, testing, connecting and commissioning a high quality fast-acting gate
automation system at CDRI campus.
The entire system should be as per BOQ, drawings and technical specifications mention
under this part.
The price coated by the vendor should include all the expenses incurred in commissioning of
gate automation System, comprising of boom barrier and electromechanical turnstiles.
The boom barrier and turnstile shall function in integration with proximity card based
access control units.

Boom barrier shall comprise of boom, motor, loop detector, control pillar for access
control complete with all other accessories and providing of supervisory specialists and
technicians at the site to assist in all phases of system installation, start up and
commissioning.

The scope of work includes making of foundation, loop installation for barrier including all
work of laying of cable.
Control pillar to house card reader IP 44 protections and polycarbonate sheet for card
reader.
Canopy or shed for turnstile to protect from direct rain and sunlight.
Cat 6 cable/fiber cable connectivity with all required hardware upto purchasers
networking switches of LAN, locations of networking switches in CDRI campus are
indicated in the list. enclosed with this tender docoments.
5

 230 volts AC Power supply distribution from UPS to each location of Boom
Barrier/Turnstiles along with DBs ,JBs, cabling work with required accessories.

Power supply unit as required for Boom Barrier/Turnstiles.

Integrated testing and commissioning of Boom Barriers and Turnstiles on LAN being
provided by the third party in CDRI campus.

Training & handing over of all materials, equipment and appliances

Any other items/accessories required for installation,testing and commissioning of Boom
technology in order to restrict the entry of unauthorized people.

Proximity Cards will be issued to the staff members, students and visitors of CD RI.
The Access control system shall provide access through the protected doors for only those
card holders whose entry is allowed.
The access controller shall provide the status of each card, reader and control door.

Purchasers LAN network being laid by third party would be utilized to extend the
BARRIER connectivity to central server.

All controller/reader of BARRIER shall have connectivity to non- PoE port of purchasers
networking switches on LAN.

UPS Power supply for each BARRIER.

Tentative locations of BARRIER are indicated in the IP CCTV, BARRIER , Boom
Barriers and Turnstiles layout drawing enclosed with this tender.
All outdoor items shall be in IP-66 housing.

The BARRIER shall be a software-based solution and shall be flexible enough to work
with multiple Hardware providers. The software shall include all the features
/requirement for BARRIER as specified in the specifications
The BARRIER shall be based on TCP/IP network protocol and shall communicate with
Ethernet ready, TCP/IP based components.
The BARRIER software shall be capable of running on windows or Linux server
platforms with full- feature operation.
The Controller shall be capable of operating independently if communications with the
Host Server is lost.

Provide supervisory specialists and technicians at the job to assist in all phases of system
installation, start up and commissioning.

Cat 6cable/fiber cable connectivity with all required hardware upto purchasers
networking switches of LAN, locations of networking switches in CDRI campus are
indicated in the list. enclosed with this tender documents.
230 volts AC Power supply distribution from UPS to each location of BARRIER along
with DBs ,JBs, cabling work etc. with required accessories.

Power supply unit as required for BARRIER.

Integrated testing and commissioning of BARRIER on LAN being provided by the third
party in CDRI campus

Training & handing over of all materials, equipment and appliances

Any other items/accessories required for installation, testing and commissioning of
Access Control system.

No extra cost shall be paid for any miscellaneous items, if required to complete the work as
7

per design concept.

voltage! If you don't use diodes, you could burn out your transistors.

Transistors, being a semiconductor device, will have some resistance, which causes
them to get hot when conducting much current. This is called not being able to sink or
source very much power, i.e.: Not able to provide much current from ground or from plus
voltage.
Mosfets are much more efficient, they can provide much more current and not get as hot.
They usually have the flyback diodes built in so you don't need the diodes anymore. This
helps guard against flyback voltage frying your MCU. To use Mosfets in an H-Bridge, you
need P-Channel Mosfets on top because they can "source" power, and N-Channel
Mosfets on the bottom because then can "sink" power. N-Channel Mosfets are much
cheaper than P-Channel Mosfets, but N-Channel Mosfets used to source power require
about 7 volts more than the supply voltage, to turn on. As a result, some people manage
to use N-Channel Mosfets, on top of the H-Bridge, by using cleaver circuits to overcome
the breakdown voltage.
It is important that the four quadrants of the H-Bridgecircuits be turned on and off
properly. When there is a path between the positive and ground side of the H-Bridge,
other than through the motor, a condition exists called "shoot through". This is basically a
direct short of the power supply and can cause semiconductors to become ballistic, in

circuits with large currents flowing. There are H-bridge chips available that are much
easier, and safer, to use than designing your own H-Bridge circuit.

H-Bridge Devices

The L 293 has 2 H-Bridges, can provide about 1 amp to each and occasional peak loads
to 2 amps. Motors typically controlled with this controller are near the size of a 35 mm
film plastic canister.
The L298 has 2 h-bridges on board, can handle 1amp and peak current draws to about
3amps. You often see motors between the size a of 35 mm film plastic canister and a
coke can, driven by this type H-Bridge. The LMD18200 has one h-bridge on board, can
handle about 2 or 3 amps and can handle a peak of about 6 amps. This H-Bridge chip
can usually handle an average motor about the size of a coke. There are several more
commercially designed H-Bridge chips as well

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

WORKING OF CIRCUIT

This circuit drives small DC motors up to about 100 watts or 5 amps or 40 volts,
whichever comes first. Using bigger parts could make it more powerful. Using a real Hbridge IC makes sense for this size of motor, but hobbyists love to do it themselves, and I
thought it was about time to show a tested
H-bridge motor driver that didn't use exotic parts.

10

Operation is simple. Motor power is required, 6 to 40 volts DC. There are two logic level
compatible inputs, A and B, and two outputs, A and B. If input A is brought high, output A
goes high and output B goes low. The motor goes in one direction. If input B is driven,
the opposite happens and the motor runs in the opposite direction. If both inputs are low,
the motor is not driven and can freely "coast", and the circuit consumes no power. If both
inputs are brought high, the motor is shorted and braking occurs. This is a special feature
not common to most discrete H-bridge designs, drive both inputs in most
H-bridges and they self-destruct. About 0.05 amps is consumed in this state
To do PWM (pulse width modulation) speed control, you need to provide PWM pulses.
PWM is applied to one input or the other based on direction desired, and the other input
is held either high (locked rotor) or low (float). Depending on the frequency of PWM
and the desired reaction of the motor, one or the other may work better for you. Holding
the non-PWM input low generally works best for low frequency PWM, and holding the
non-PWM input high generally works best at high frequencies, but is not efficient and
produces a lot of heat, especially with these Darlington, so locked rotor is not
recommended for this circuit.
Truth table:
Input | output

A| B |A| B

--------------0 0 | float

1 0|1 0
11

0 1|0 1

1 1|1 1

Performance:
Please reference the accompanying schematic diagram. The circuit uses Darlington
power transistors to reduce cost. Forward losses are typically 1 to 2 volts, and since the
current must pass through two transistors, expect losses to total up to 4 volts at
maximum current. The 4 Darlington transistors need to be heat sink based on your
expected current and duty cycle.
PWM operation over 3 kHz wills likely lead to high losses and more heat dissipation, due
to the simplicity of the circuit and the construction of Darlington transistors. You might get
away with higher frequencies if you put a 1K resistor emitter-base on each TIP12x
transistor. I prefer to go with very low frequencies, 50 to 300Hz.
Not shown in the schematic are the internal pinch-off resistors (5K and 150 ohms) and
the damper diode that are built into all TIP12x series transistors. If you build your own
variation of the circuit with other parts, include these necessary parts. To the right is a
picture of the internals of the TIP12x transistors.

12

Operation with logic signals greater than the motor supply voltage is allowed and
absorbed by R7 and R8. The circuit is really intended to be operated with CMOS logic
levels, logic high being about 4 volts.
If you live in the U.S., expect the TIP120 and TIP125 transistors to cost about $0.50 and
the very common and generic "quad-2" PN2222A to cost about $0.10. An inexpensive
source for hobbyist-grade parts like these is Jameco Electronics. At low duty cycles,
currents up to the 8 amp rated peak of the transistors is allowed, but there is no current
limiting in this circuit, so it would be unwise to use this circuit to drive a motor that
consumes more than 5 amps when stalled.

Notes on circuit assembly:

Transistors Q1, 2, 3 and 4 must be heat sunk. Insulators should be used, or two separate
heat sinks isolated from each other and the rest of the world. Note that Q1 and Q3 are
grouped together and share common collectors and can share a heat sink. The same is
true for Q2 and Q4.
Operation over 3 kHz will lead to higher losses. If it is required to run at higher frequency,
additional pinch-off resistors can be added to Q1,2,3 and 4, supplementing the internal
resistors. A good value would be 1k, and the resistors should be soldered from base to
emitter.
To reduce RF emissions, keep the wires between the circuit and the motor short. No
freewheel diodes are required; they are internal to the TIP series Darlington transistors.
Drive the circuit from 5-volt logic. Drive levels higher than 5 volts will tend to heat up R1
and 2. This is OK for short periods of time.
Power supply voltage is 5 to 40 volts. Output current up to 5 amps is allowed if the power
supply voltage is 18 volts or less. Peak current must be kept below 8 amps at all times.
13

There is no current limiting in this circuit. Reversing a motor at full speed can cause it to
draw huge currents, understand your load to avoid damage. There are higher powered
devices in the TIP series of Darlington transistors; these can be substituted if needed.
Look at the TIP140 and TIP145, please note they are in a bigger package and dont fit
the PC board layout.

14

INFRARED TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER CIRCUIT

15

INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLER
INSTRUCTION SETS

INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

Each PIC16CXX instruction is a 14-bit word divided into an OPCODE which specifies the
instruction type and one or more operands which further specify the operation of the
instruction. The PIC16CXX instruction set summary in Table 13-2 lists byte-oriented, bitoriented, and literal and control operations. Table 13-1 shows the opcode field
descriptions.
For byte-oriented instructions, f represents a file register designator and d represents
a destination designator.
The file register designator specifies which file register is to be used by the instruction.
The destination designator specifies where the result of the operation is to be placed. If
d is zero, the result is placed in the W register. If d is one, the result is placed in the file
register specified in the instruction.

16

For bit-oriented instructions, b represents a bit field designator which selects the
number of the bit affected by the operation, while f represents the number of the file in
which the bit is located.
For literal and control operations, k represents an eight or eleven bit constant or literal
value.

TABLE 13-1:

OPCODE FIELD
DESCRIPTIONS

The instruction set is highly orthogonal and is grouped into three basic categories:
Byte-oriented operations
17

 Bit-oriented operations
Literal and control operations
All instructions are executed within one single instruction cycle, unless a conditional test
is true or the program counter is changed as a result of an instruction.
In this case, the execution takes two instruction cycles with the second cycle executed as
a NOP. One instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods. Thus, for an oscillator
frequency of 4 MHz, the normal instruction execution time is 1 ms. If a conditional test is
true or the program counter is changed as a result of an instruction, the instruction
execution time is 2 ms. Table 13-2 lists the instructions recognized by the MPASM
assembler.
Figure 13-1 shows the general formats that the instructions can have.

All examples use the following format to represent a hexadecimal number:

0xhh
where h signifies a hexadecimal digit.

FIGURE 13-1: GENERAL FORMAT FOR INSTRUCTIONS

18

A description of each instruction is available in the

PICmicro Mid-Range Reference Manual, (DS33023)

19

TABLE 13-2: PIC16CXXX INSTRUCTION SET

20

Note 1: When an I/O register is modified as a function of itself ( e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1),
the value used will be that value present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data
latch is 1 for a pin configured as input and is driven low by an external device, the data
will be written back with a 0.
2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the
prescaler will be cleared if assigned to the Timer0 Module.
3: If Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instruction
requires two cycles. The second cycle is executed as a NOP.

Description:

The eight bit literal 'k' is loaded into W register. The dont cares will
assemble as 0s.

21

COMPLETE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

22

POWER SUPPLY

23

POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Regulator

24

Voltage regulator
PhotographRapid Electronics

Voltage regulator ICs are available with fixed (typically 5, 12 and 15V) or variable output
voltages. They are also rated by the maximum current they can pass. Negative voltage
regulators are available, mainly for use in dual supplies. Most regulators include some
automatic protection from excessive current ('overload protection') and overheating
('thermal protection').
Many of the fixed voltage regulator ICs have 3 leads and look like power transistors, such
as the 7805 +5V 1A regulator shown on the right. They include a hole for attaching a
heatsink if necessary.
Please see the website for more information about voltage regulator ICs.

25

zener diode
a = anode, k = cathode

Zener diode regulator

For low current power supplies a simple voltage regulator can be made with a resistor
and a zener diode connected in reverse as shown in the diagram. Zener diodes are
rated by their breakdown voltage Vz and maximum power Pz (typically 400mW or
1.3W).
The resistor limits the current (like an LED resistor). The current through the resistor is
constant, so when there is no output current all the current flows through the zener diode
and its power rating Pz must be large enough to withstand this.
Please see the Diodes page for more information about zener diodes.
Choosing a zener diode and resistor:
1. The zener voltage Vz is the output voltage required
2. The input voltage Vs must be a few volts greater than Vz
(this is to allow for small fluctuations in Vs due to ripple)
3. The maximum current Imax is the output current required plus 10%
4. The zener power Pz is determined by the maximum current: Pz > Vz Imax
5. The resistor resistance: R = (Vs - Vz) / Imax
26

6. The resistor power rating: P > (Vs - Vz) Imax

Example: output voltage required is 5V, output current required is 60mA.

1. Vz = 4.7V (nearest value available)

2. Vs = 8V (it must be a few volts greater than Vz)
3. Imax = 66mA (output current plus 10%)
4. Pz > 4.7V 66mA = 310mW, choose Pz = 400mW
5. R = (8V - 4.7V) / 66mA = 0.05k

= 50 , choose R = 47

6. Resistor power rating P > (8V - 4.7V) 66mA = 218mW, choose P = 0.5W

27

PARTS AND PRICE LIST

SNo.

Part No.

1.

PIC16F72

2.

TIP 122

3.

ULN2803

4.

TIP 127

5.

1N4007

6.

LM7805

7.

1000uf/25v

8.

10k
28

1k
4.7
820R
3.9K
9.

1N514

10.

T1

11.

PCB

12.

12x15

13.

DM12B500

14.

4 inch wheels

15.
16.

LM324

17.

NE555

18.

BC 547

19.

MT42

20.
21.

TL91

22.

TL92

23.

TSOP1738

24.

IR218

29

30

31

BIBLOGRAPHY

32

1. Bakkalbasi, O. and McGinnis, L.F., 1988, "ABC's of Preliminary In-House Planning

and Analysis of AGVS Applications," Proceedings of AGVS'88, MHI, Cincinnati,
OH, September 27-28.
2. Bartholdi, J.J. and Platzman, L.K., 1989, "Decentralized Control of Automated
Guided Vehicles on a Simple Loop," IIE Transactions, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 76-81.
3. Baumgartner, E.T. and Skaar, S.B., 1994, "An Autonomous Vision-based Mobile
Robot," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 39, pp. 493-502.
4. Biemans, F.P.M. and Vissers, C.A., 1989, "Reference Model for Manufacturing
Planning and Control Systems," Journal of Manufacturing Systems, vol. 8, no. 1,
pp. 35-46.
5. Bohlander, R.A. and Heider, W., 1988, "Control Considerations When Planning
AGVS Installations," Proceedings of AGVS'88, MHI, Cincinnati, OH, September.
6. Bozer, Y.A., and Srinivasan, M.M., 1991, "Tandem Configurations for Automated
Guided Vehicle Systems and the Analysis of Single-Vehicle Loops," IIE
Transactions, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 72-82.

33

BOOKS
1.

DIGITAL LOGIC AND COMPUTER DESIGN By M. MORRIS MANO

2.

ELECTRONIC THEORY AND DEVICES By ROBERT L. BOYLESTAD AND

LOUIS NASHELSKY

3.

OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIRE By RAMAKANT A GAIKWAD

4.

PIC MICROCONTROLLER By JAN AXELSON

5.

GENERAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING By KHURMI

WEB SEARCH

1. www.google.co.in

2. www.datasheet.in

3. www.rediffmail.com
34

4. www.nationalsemi.com

5. www.kirloskar.com

6. www.dcmotor.com

7. www.microchip.com

35