Sakina

sakinahusen@yahoo.com
Anatomy & Histology Department
FMAU

5/15/2015

 Pars

cervicalis

Lower border of

pharynx/C6/lower border
cricoid top of posterior
mediastinum

Pars

thoracica

Superoposterior

mediastinum T10
(hiatus esophagicus)

Pars

abdominalis

Hiatus esophagicus

cardia
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Pars cervicalis
Inferior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery

Pars thoracalis

Inferior thyroid artery

Aorta thoracalis (Aa. Esophagicae propriae)
Aa. Bronchiales
A. Gastrica sinistra
A. Phrenica inferior sinistra

Pars abdominalis

Rr. esophageales
A. Gastrica sinistra
A. Phrenica inferior sinistra
(A. Lienalis)
(A. Gastrica brevis)

Lymphatics

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 Veins

Caval system and portal system

Lymphatics

Pars cervicalis: Lnn. Mediastinum posterior, Lnn.

Tracheobronchialis (<<<)
Pars thoracalis: Lnn. Paratracheal Lnn. inferior
deep cervical

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 Pars

cervicalis

Plexus pharyngealis (N. IX + N.X + Truncus

symphaticus pars cervicalis)

Pars

thoracalis

Plexus esophagealis (fibers from two vagus

nerves) anterior & posterior vagal trunk

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Between abdominal
esophagus and small
intestine
Abdominal region:
epigastric, umbilical,
left hypochondrium
Intraperitoneal organ
Divided into:

Cardia: surrounds the

opening of esophagus
to stomach
Fundus: area above the
level of cardiac orifice
Corpus: between fundus
& pylorus
Pylorus: pyloric antrumpyloric canal

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 Other

features:

Greater

curvature:

Gastrolienalis ligament, greater omentum

(gastrocolica ligament)
Lesser

curvature

Lesser omentum (hepatogastrica ligament)

Cardial

notch
Angular incisure
Plica longitudinalis gastrica/Rugae gastrica
Via gastrica
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 Arterial

supply:
Celiac artery
(foregut artery)
Left gastric artery
Common hepatic
artery

Proper hepatic artery:

right gastric artery

Gastroduodenale
artery: right
gastroepiploic artery

Splenic artery
Short gastric artery
Left gastroepiploic

artery

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 Venous drainage
Parrallel with

arteries
All drain both
directly into the
portal vein and
indirectly via
splenic/superior
mesenteric vein

Portal

vein:
junction
between splenic
& superior
mesenteric vein
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Follow the major

arteries
a. From lesser curvature
and cardia Lnn.
gastrica superior
(sinistra)
b. From fundus &
superior part of
greater curvature
Lnn. celiac
c.
From right half of
curvature Lnn.
Pylorica
d. From pyloric area
Lnn. celiac & hepatic
All drain to Lnn. Celiac
intestinal trunk

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 Automatic

nervous system:

Sympathetic fibers from celiac plexus (from

splanchnici nerves)
Parasympathetic fibers from vagal trunk (anterior and
posterior)

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 From

pylorus to ileocaecal junction

Consists of: duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Approx. 6-7 m long
General features: semicircular/circular
folds, all intraperitoneal (except
2nd,3rd&4th part of duodenum)

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 Superior: duodenal

cap
Descenden: papilla
duodeni, junction
of foregut&midgut
Transverse:
crossed by
superior
mesenteric artery,
just superior to the
root of inferior
mesenteric artery
Ascenden:
ligamentum Treitz
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Arterial supply:

Celiac trunk
Gastroduodenalis
artery: (superior
duodenal artery),
pancreaticoduodenalis
superior artery
Superior mesenteric

artery:

pancreaticoduodenalis
inferior artery

Venous drainage

All drain both directly

into the portal vein and
indirectly via
splenic/superior
mesenteric vein
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 Lymphatics

Lnn. pancreaticoduodenalis ventral & dorsal (cranial &

caudal) Lnn. coeliaca & truncus intestinalis

Nerves:

Anterior & posterior vagus nerve

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 Fixed

to posterior
abdominal wall
by
mesenterium/mes
ostenium with
radix mesostenii
Derived from
midgut
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Variables

Jejunum

Ileum

Lenght

Proximal 2/5

Distal 3/5

Location

Left upperquadrant

Right lower quadrant

Diameter

Large

Small

Wall

Thick

thin

Plicae circulares

Prominent

Less prominent

Arterial supply

Jejunal artery

Ileal, ileocolic artery

Arterial arcade

Less prominent

Prominent

Vasa recta

Long

Short

Mesenteric fat

Less

More

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Arterial supply: superior

mesenteric artery
Veins: superior
mesenteric veinportal
vein
Lymphatics: lymph
follicles, channels, nodes,
within bowel wall &
mesenteryradix
mesosteniisuperior
mesenteric
nodescisterna
chyliductus thoracicus

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Nerves:

Extrinsic (from & to

CNS): visceral
afferent&efferent
(sympathetic&parasym
pathetic)
Intrinsic (enteric
nervous system):
Meissner (submucosal)
& Auerbach
(intramuscular)

Extrinsic innervation:

Parasympathetic (vagus

nerve)
Sympathetic (plexus
coeliacus)

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From ileocaecal junction

to anus
Consists of: cecum,
appendix, colon, rectum,
anal canal
Approx. 1,5 m long, From
right iliac to left iliac
Getting narrower in its
distal parts
General features: taenia
coli, haustra, appendices
epiploicae, semilunar
folds
Derived from midgut and
hindgut
Vertical parts are
retroperitoneal
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Variables

Int. Tenue

Int. Crassum

Diameter

Narrow

Wide

Mobility

Mobile

Fix

Villi

Substances to absorp

Food>>>

Water only

Folds

Semicircular

Semilunar

Arterial supply

Arcaden

Marginal artery

Contraction

Peristaltic

Mass movement

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 Intraperitoneal: mesocaecum(-),

mesoappendix(+)
Arterialization: Ileocolic artery

Cecal artery (anterior et posterior rami)

Appendicular artery

Caecum: Ileocaecal

valve (Bauhini) &

frenula
Appendix: Orificium appendix, taenia(-),
retrocecal position, full of lymphoid
tissues, Mc. Burney/Lanz point
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 Veins: drains

to

superior
mesenteric vein
Nerves: Celiac &
superior
mesentery plexus

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 From

cecum to hepatic flexure

Arterial supply:
Ileocolica artery: anterior et posterior cecal,

colic artery
Right colic artery
Middle colic artery
Veins: superior

mesentericportal vein
Nerves: celiac & mesentery plexus

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 From

hepatic flexure to splenic flexure

Arterial supply:
Right colic artery
Middle colic artery
Left colic artery

Veins:
Right : superior mesentericportal vein
Left : inferior mesentericsplenic

veinportal vein

Nerves: celiac

& mesentery plexus

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 From

splenic flexure to level of left iliac

crest
Arterial supply:
Ascending br. Of Left colic artery
Veins: inferior

mesentericsplenic
veinportal vein
Nerves: inferior mesentery & hypogastric
plexusleft colic & sigmoid plexus
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 S-shape

Divided

into: Fixed superior (iliac portion) &

mobile inferior (pelvic portion)
Arterial supply: Descending br. of left colic
artery, sigmoid arteries (inferior mesenteric
artery)
Veins: inferior mesenteric vein
Lymph: inferior mesenteric nodes
Nerves: inferior mesentery & hypogastric
plexus
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Between sigmoid and anus

No appendices epiploicae,
haustra, or taeniae
Relation with peritoneum:
only superior part
Plicae transversales recti
(Valves of Houston): 2 left,
1 right
Columns of Morgagni:
lowest segment of rectal
mucosa
Anal sinuses: in between
Column of Morgagni

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 Artery:
Superior rectal artery

(Inferior mesenteric
artery)
Middle rectal artery
(Internal iliac artery)
Inferior rectal artery
(Internal pudendal
artery)
Median sacral artery
(abdominal aorta)

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Vein:

Above the anorectal

line: Internal
hemorrhoidal plexus
superior rectal veins
inferior mesenteric vein
Below the anorectal line:
inferior rectal veins
internal pudendal
veininternal iliac
veininferior vena cava
Middle rectal vein
internal iliac
veininferior vena cava

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 Lymphatics:
Superior: nodes in

sigmoid
mesocolonnodes in
bifurcation of Ao
Lateral:nodes on
levator ani
musclesinternal
iliac nodes
Caudal: internal iliac
nodes & inguinal
nodes
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Rectum
Innervation:
o Sympathetic:
Inferior
mesenteric
plexus
Superior
hypogastric
plexus
o Parasympathetic:
Pelvic
splanchnic
nerves
(afferent)
Pudendal
nerve
(sphincter)

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Terminal 3 cm of GI tract
Different arterial, venous,
lymphatic, and
innervation
Junction between anus &
rectum: anorectal line
Pectinate line: superior
border of anal canal
Anocutanea line: junction
between anus & skin
Sphincter:
Internal
External: subcutan,

superficial, deep
Inserts to lateral & posterior
parts of anal canal

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http://dermatologic.com.ar/c3ff34.
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png

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Drakes Gray Basic Anatomy

2012
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???
sakinahusen@yahoo.com

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