A PANCE REVIEW b

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1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.
11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

"pencil in cup"
deformities

proximal phalanx on radiograph in

psoriatic arthritis

ABI of peripheral artery

disease

<0.8

+ anticentromere
antibody

scleroderma

absent breath sounds,

increased tactile fremitus
and egophony

pneumonia

+ Neer, + Hawkins,
crepitus with ROM

impingement

abx for chlamydia

pneumonia

tetracycline ( if <18 use

erythromycin)

+ stork test and

scottie dog collar on
x-ray

spondylolysis
(spondylolisthesis is when vertebral
body slips anteriorly or posteriorly)

20.

abx for mycoplasma and

legionella pneumonia

erythromycin

1st step in suspicious

basal cell carcinoma

biopsy before excision

21.

accentuated S1 with an
opening snap following S2,
heard best at the left sternal
border and apex

mitral stenosis

3 features of normal
pressure
hydrocephalus

dementia
gait disturbances (ataxia)
urinary urgency
(Dx with MRI. Tx with ventricular
shunt)

22.

Accumulation of blood in the

pulmonary system

mitral insufficiency

3 MC causes of AOM

s. pneumoniae
h. influenzae
m. catarrhalis

acute painful glandular

enlargement of the thyroid
with dysphagia, low-grade
fever, fatigue and malaise.

subacute thyroiditis

3 most common
organisms of CAP

strep. pneumoniae
staph. aureus
H. influenza

24.

Acute steroid withdrawl

Addisonian crisis

25.

acute tx of cluster HA

100% O2 or IM
sumatriptan

4 components of
Tetrology of fallot

PROV
Pulmonary stenosis
RVH
overriding aorta
VSD

Acute tx of systolic/diastolic
heart failure

O2
BiPAP
intubation
diuresis
Morphine
Nitrates
ACEI
Evaluation of cause
Dobutamine- first line
pressor

45,X

Turners (gonadal dysgenesis)

75% of all breast

cancers

Receptor positive (endocrine and

Progesterone)-more likely to
respond to hormone therapy

80% of arterial
emboli originate
where? risk factors?

Heart.
27.

ADR of methadone

inhibits pituitary secretion

of FSH and LH -->
decreased testosterone
production --> decreased
libido

28.

ADRs of Niacin

facial flushing
Increase in serum uric acid
levels ( x gout patients)
increase in gastric acid
secretion ( x gerd patients)
abnormal LFTs

29.

Adult hemoglobin

2 alpha 2 beta chains

alcoholic with DOE, heart

failure

primary dilated CM

alcoholic with palpitations,

arrhythmia

afib (holiday heart)

17.

18.

19.

Risk factors:
local arterial trauma
septic emboli
endocarditis
hypercoagulable state

80% of primary
sclerosing
cholangitis is assoc
with?

IBD, generally UC

90% of acute
bronchitis is caused
by?

viruses: rhinovirus, coronavirus,

RSV

abdominal pain that

improves with food

duodenal ulcer (gastric ulcer-pain

worsens with food)

ABI indicative of
PAD

<0.8

23.

26.

30.

31.

all unimmunized contacts of

epiglottitis should be given
prophylaxis with?

rifampin

anemia with neurological

signs- loss of position and
vibratory sense

pernicious anemia

anemia with splenomegaly and

hepatomegaly

hemolytic anemia

another name for Pagets

disease of the bone

osteitis deformans

anterior nose bleed

Kiesselbachs plexus

anti endomysial IgA

antibodies

Celiac sprue

38.

anti hepatitis B antibodies

Viral hepatitis B

39.

anti mitochondrial antibodies

primary billiary cirrhosis

anti neutrophil cytoplasmic

antibodies

Ulcerative colitis

anti nuclear antibodies

SLE, RA, scleroderma

and Sjogrens

62.

anti saccromyces cervesias

antibody

Crohns disease

63.

anti smooth antibodies

autoimmune hepatitis

anti-cholinergic med that

blocks vagus nerve mediated
bronchospasm

ipratropium

anti-mitochondrial antibodies

primary billiary cirrhosis

antibodies found in druginduced SLE

positive antihistone
antibodies

47.

antibodies of SLE

anti-Sm
anti-dsDNA

48.

antibody specific for RA

Anti-cyclin-citrullinated
peptide antibodies

49.

antigenic shift vs drift

shift: major mutation

drift: minor mutation

50.

Aortic dissection dx method

CT or transesophageal
echo

51.

apical infiltrates on CXR

TB

52.

apical lift=

LVH- associated with

diastolic heart failure

53.

ARDS on CXR

diffuse white out

appearance bilaterally

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.
37.

40.

41.

42.

43.

Aspiration bacterial
pneumonia

Klebsiella

aspiration will most likely end

up where

RML or RLL

asymmetric arthritis that

involves large joints below the
waist (knee and ankle),
mucocutaneous lesions
(balanitis, stomatitis),
urethritis and conjunctivitis

Reactive arthritis

59.

atopic triad consists of:

wheeze
eczema
seasonal rhinitis

60.

atypical bacterial pneumonia

*present with
interstitial infiltrates
Legionella
Mycoplasma/chlamydia

61.

Atypical leukocytes

Infection mono-EBV

autoimmune destruction of the

salivary and lacrimal glands

Sjogrens

autosomal recessive inability to

metabolize the protein
phenylalanine

phenylketonuria

avascular necrosis of the hip in

children

Legg-Calve Perthes

avulsion fracture of spinous

process of C-6 or C-7

Clay shovelers fx

bacterial causes of acute

bronchitis included

strep pneumonia
h. influenza
moraxella

Bankarts lesion

tear of the anterior

glenoid labrum

Barts hemoglobin or hydrops

fetalis

4 gamma chains

Becks triad

Pericardial tamponade
Distant heart sounds
Distended neck veins
Decreased arterial
pressure

benign bone tumor that

presents with a dull, aching
pain that is relieved with
NSAIDS

osteoid osteoma- most

commonly in the
proximal femur.

benign tumor usually found in

the small tubular bones of the
hand and feet

enchondromas- usually
asymptomatic

best line tx for endometriosis

OCPs

Best med for heart failure and

LVH

ACEI

56.

57.

58.

64.
44.

45.
46.

65.

66.

67.

68.

69.

70.

54.

Argument or physical exercise

that causes VTACH/Toursades
de pointes

Long QT sydrome
(activation of the
sympathetic nervous
system)

Asian men, syncope + vfib +

sudden death

Brugada syndrome

71.

72.
73.

55.

best practice for community

acquired pneumonia

start a macrolide abx

or doxycycline

96.

BP tx in pheochromocytoma

alpha blockers to
control HTN
BBlockers to
control tachy
(never give first)
(surgery is 1st
line tx- give
Ablockers preop)

best radiographic position for

SCFE

frog-leg lateral pelvis

76.

best way to measure bone density

DEXA scan

77.

bifid pulse

hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy

78.

binocular fixation not present

strabismus

97.

brain MRI of huntingtons pt shows?

cerebral atrophy

79.

bisferiens (bifid) pulse

HOCM, aortic
regurgitation

98.

Greenstick fx

black female in her 30's with

bilateral hilar adenopathy

sarcoidosis

Break in the cortex of one side of the

shaft without the break in the other
side of the cortex

triple neg

Bleeding into joint spaces

hemophilia

breast cancer most likely assoc with

BRAC1 gene

100.

blood and thunder retina (dilated

veins, hemorrhages, edema and
exudates.

central retinal vein

occlusion

bronchial breath sounds

consolidation

101.

buckle fracture

torus fx

102.

bullae

blood of a bleeding ulcer typically

manifests as

melena

enlargement of
airspaces in
Emphysema

blood pressure abnormality noted

in severe asthma

pulsus paradoxus

103.

BUN:CR ration >20:1

prerenal azotemia

104.

CA 19-9

pancreatic cancer

blood supply of the scaphoid bone

radial artery

105.

CA-125

ovarian cancer

bloody, pus-filled diarrhea with

tenesmus

UC

106.

calcified primary focus

Ghon complex

87.

blue vision

PDE5/Viagra

calcified primary focus and calcified

hilar lymph node

ranke complex

88.

BNP levels in CHF

>500

bone cancer that begins in spine

or pelvis of kids, often after
radiation or chemo for a different
disease

Ewing's sarcoma

can be helpful in both acute

paroxysms of atrial flutter and
chronic management?

diltiazem and
verapamil

109.

Canon A waves

bone conduction greater than air

conduction

conductive hearing
loss

bone tumor arising in the

diaphysis of long bones

ewings sarcoma

tricuspid
stenosis,
pulmonary htn,
complete heart
block

110.

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor ADR

bone tumor arising in the

metaphysis of long bones

oesteosarcoma
(distal femur,
proximal tibia,
proximal humerus)

hyperchloremic
metabolic
acidosis
neuropathy
ammonia toxicity
sulfa allergy

Bouchards nodes

PIP
ileum

cardiomyopathy assoc with systolic

heart failure

Dilated

bowel atresia in the newborn most

often occurs where?

diaphragmatic hernia
(can compress the
lung and displace the
heart)

cardiomyopathy found in
postmenopausal women often
occurring after a major release of
catecholamines

Takotsubo

bowel sounds are heard in the

chest

caseating granulomas

TB

74.

75.

80.

81.
82.

83.

84.

85.
86.

89.

90.

91.

92.

93.

99.

107.

108.

111.
94.

95.

112.

113.

114.

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123.

124.

125.

causative agents of
orbital cellulitis

Strep pneumoniae
Staph aureus (MRSA)
H. influenza
gram-neg bacteria

causative organisms of
otitis externa

pseudomonas
enterobacteriaceae
proteus

cause of infectious
endocarditis

staph. aureus (IDVA)

cause of orthostatic
hypotension in
pheochromocytoma

increase catecholamines in
circulation=decreased
circulating plasma

128.

cause of subacute
endocarditis

strep. viridans

129.

causes backflow and

volume overload of the
left atrium

mitral insufficiency

causes of ARDS

sepsis
trauma
massive transfusion
overdose
pancreatitis
near drowning
hypothyroidism
DM
RA
amyloidosis
acromegaly

causes of central diabetes

insipidus

tumor
ischemia (sheehans
syndrome)
traumatic cerebral injury
infection
autoimmune disorders

causes of central vertigo

brain stem vascular disease

a-v malformations
tumors of brain stem,
cerebellum
multiple sclerosis
vertebrobasilar migraine
syndrome

Causes of low output CHF

127.

130.

causes of bilateral carpal

tunnel syndrome

Causes of high output

CHF

126.

Hyperthyroidism
Anemia
Pregnancy
AV fistula
beri beri
Pagets disease
Ischemic heart disease
HTN
dilated cardiomyopathy
valvular and pericardial
disease

131.
132.

133.

134.

135.

136.

137.

138.

139.
140.

141.

causes of
nephrogenic
diabetes insipidus

renal disease
drugs (lithium, demeclocycline)

causes of peripheral
vertigo

labryinthitis
menieres dz
positional vertigo
vestibular neuronitis
migrainous vertigo
obstructing anatomic abnormalities

causes of pulsus
paradoxus

pericardial tamponade
constrictive pericarditis
COPD

causes of Vit B12

defeciency

pernicious anemia
gastrectomy
malabsortption syndrome (age)
Crohns

caution in
prescribing
levothyroxine in pts
with?

Chronic stable angina

cavitations on CXR

infections-lung abscess, TB

central diabetes
insipidus tx

Desmopressin acetate

central vs
nephrogenic
diabetes insipidus

central-posterior pituitary fails to

secrete ADH
Nephrogenic-kidneys fail to respond
to circulating ADH

Central vs
Peripheral CN VII
palsy

Central: dysarthria, dysphagia,

dysphonia, weakness, forehead will
wrinkle on affected side
Peripheral (Bells Palsy): forehead
will NOT wrinkle on affected side,
afferent taste of anterior 2/3 of
tongue,

characteristics of
nursemaids elbow

radial head slips anteriorly out of

the annular ligament

Chemotherapy
induced N/V tx?

Ondansetron (zofran)

chest wall moves in

with inspiration and
out with expiration

flail chest

child with knees

pulled up

intussception or tetralogy of fallot

Chondrocalcinosis

pseudogout

Chorea movements
and dementia

Huntingtons ds

chronic
adrenocortical
insufficiency

Addison's disease

142.

143.

144.

145.

146.

147.
148.

149.
150.

151.

152.

153.

154.

155.

chronic hearing loss, tinnitus,

dizziness/vertigo, N/V

Menieres disease

chronic thickening of the bile

duct

primary sclerosing
cholangitis

Chronic tx of diastolic heart

failure

CCBs (Cardizem or
verapamil)

Chronic tx of systolic heart

failure

decrease afterload
(diuretics or
ACEI/ARBS)
increase contractility
(digoxin)

chronic-progressive
degenerative disease
characterized by loss of upper
and lower motor neurons
(asymmetric
weakness+fasiculations)

ALS

158.

cinnamon like breath

TB

159.

circumlimbal injection,
steamy cornea, fixed middilated pupil, and decreased
visual acuity, N/V,
diaphoresis

angle-closure glaucoma

cirrhosis + hematemesis

Esophageal varices

classic presentation of acute

pancreatitis

epigastric pain radiating

to the back. Pain
typically lessens when
the patient leans forward
or lies in the fetal
position

156.

157.

160.

classic tetrad of urethritis,

conjunctivits, mucocutaneous
lesion and aseptic arthritis?
Etiology?

Reactive Arthritis
(Reiters syndrome).
Etiology is a dysenteric
infection
(campylobacter) or STD

classic triad of chronic

pancreatitis

pancreatic calcifications
steatorrhea
diabetes mellitus

clinical features of acute

mesenteric ischemia

sudden, intense
abdominal pain out of
proportion to exam
findings.

clinical features of central

vertigo

slow onset
vertical nystagmus
no fixation
accompanying motor,
sensory or cerebellar
deficits

Clinical features of CMI

abdominal angina 10-30

mins after eating, which
is relieved by squatting
of lying down.

161.

162.

163.

164.

165.

166.

clinical
features of
peripheral
vertigo

sudden onset
N/V
tinnitus
decreased hearing
horizontal nystagmus with rotary
component-fast phased beats away from
the diseased side
fixed inhibition

clinical
features of
polymyalgia
rheumatica

stiffness being severe after rest and in the

morning
musculoskeletal sx's are usually bilateral,
proximal and symmetrical

clinical
features of
polymyositis

insidious, painless, proximal muscle

weakness
dysphagia
skin rash (malar or heliotrope)
polyarthralgias
muscle atrophy

clinical
features of
Sjogrens

xerostomia
xerophthalmia or keratoconjunctivitis
sicca
enlarged parotid glands

Clinical
features of
Type I
osteoporosis

loss of estrogen in postmenopausal

women and testosterone deficiency in men

Clinical
features of
Type II
osteoporosis

older than 75 years with poor calcium

absorption

clinical
presentation of
acute
cholangitis

Charcots triad
RUQ tenderness, jaundice, fever
or Reynolds pentad: + altered mental
status and hypotension (indicates sepsis)

clinical
presentation of
pancreatic
cancer

abdominal pain, jaundice and palpable

gallbladder (courvosiers sign)- cancer of
the pancreatic head

Coarctation of
the aorta
requires what
for survival?
How to keep it
open?

PDA
keep open with PGE1

Codmans
triangle

periosteal new bone formation at the

diaphyseal end of the lesion( triangular
area of new subperiosteal bone that is
created when a lesion, often a tumour,
raises the periosteum away from the bone)

cold
agglutinins are
positive in
what
pneumonia

mycoplasma

167.

168.

169.

170.

171.

172.

173.

174.

175.

176.

177.

178.

179.

180.

181.

182.

common ADR of CCBs

peripheral edema due to

peripher vasodilation

complete fracture of
both cortices

transverse fx

common ADR of patient

taking amiodarone

hypo or hyper thyroidism.

Check TSH

complication of
bleeding colonic polyps

IDA

common ankle sprain

stretch of the anterior

talofibular ligament
(ligamentous sprain)

complication of celiac
disease

malabsorption of Vit D leading to

osteoporosis

common bile duct

obstruction with
ascending infection

acute cholangitis

complication of
gastrectomy

loss of intrinsic factor-pernicious

anemia

complication of gastric
bypass

Dumping syndrome-rapid shift of

fluid from the vascular space into
the bowel. May have
hypoglycemia 2 hours postprandial

common cause of
Cushings disease

small-benign pituitary
adenoma-excess secretion of
ACTH by the pituitary

common cause of
Cushings syndrome

exogenous steroid use

complication of Type I
diabetes

diabetic ketoacidosis

Common causes of
cholelithiasis

Crohns(bilirubin)
Sickle Cell anemia (bilirubin)
Roux en Y bariatric surgerygive prophylactic
ursodeoxycholic acid (UCDA)

complications of
Crohns disease

FISTULAS
abscesses
aphthous ulcers
renal stones

common causes of
hashimotos thyroiditis

excess dietary iodine

supplementation
head and neck radiation

Complications of
Sjogrens include

primary billiary cirrhosis

Non-hodgkins lymphoma

compression of the
optic chiasm by a
pituitary adenoma

bitemporal hemianopia

common etiology of acute

endoarditis

staph aureus

common etiology of
subacute endocarditis

strep viridans

concentrated urine,
hyponatremia

SIADH

common joints spared in

OA

MCP, ankle and elbow

a congenital bicuspid
aortic valve is likely to
develop into?

severe aortic stenosis

common pathogen of
viral meningitis

enterovirus

194.

congenital defect where

the urethra meatus is
located on the ventral
side of the penis

hypospadias

common pathogens of
bacterial conjunctivitis
(rare pathogens?)

Strep pneumoniae
s. aureus
H. aegyptious
Moraxella
(chlamydia and n. gonorrhea)

195.

congenital defect where

the urethral meatus is
located on the dorsal
aspect of the penis

epispadias

common pathogens of
epiglottitis

Group A strep
Pneumococci
staphylococci
H. influenza (more common
in adults due to childhood
vaccine)

congenital heart defect

in children with Downs
syndrome

atrioventricular canal defect

197.

Conns syndrome

unilateral adrenal adenoma

198.

Constitutional sx of RA

fever
malaise
fatigue
pleural effusions/pericarditis
vasculitis
increase ESR

183.

184.

185.

186.

187.

188.

189.

190.

191.

192.

193.

common presentations of
colon cancer

abdominal pain
change in bowel habits
occult bleeding (fatigue and
weakness if chronic blood loss
has led to anemia)
intestinal obstruction

common sites of
involvement in OA

DIP, PIP, wrist, hip, knee and

spine

196.

199.

200.

201.

202.

203.

204.

205.

206.

207.

208.

209.

210.

211.

COPD PFT values

Decreased FVC, increased TLC,

increased residual lung volume, incr
ration, normal hgb, normal serum
bicarbonate, increased CO2, respiratory
acidosis

cough which
persists for
>5days w/o fever

acute bronchitis.

cough which
persists for 3
months in 2
successive years

chronic bronchitis

cough, coryza,
and
conjunctivitis

Measles (rubeola)

crescendodecrescendo
holosystolic at
LSB radiating to
back

Tetralogy of Fallot

Crescendodecrescendo
systolic murmur
heard best at 2nd
IC space

congenital aortic stenosis

CREST

calcinosis cutis
Raynauds
Esophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangectasia

212.

CT of epidural hematoma

lens-shaped,
convex
hyperdensity

213.

Cushings disease psych sx's?

irritability
agitation
hypomania
panic attacks

214.

CXR finding of adenocarcinoma lung ca

small
peripheral
lesions

CXR finding of klebsiella/aspiration

pneumonia

Right upper
lobe abscess

216.

CXR finding of Large cell lung ca

Large
peripheral
lesions

217.

CXR finding of small cell lung ca

mediastinal
mass/lymph
nodes or Coin
lesion

218.

CXR finding of squamous cell lung ca

Central
bronchus
solitary
tumor

219.

CXR of acute bronchiolitis

can be
normal or
air trapping
peribronchial
thickening

220.

CXR of aortic valve disorders

LAE and
ventricular
hypertrophy

221.

CXR of mitral valve disorders

atrial
enlargement
alone

222.

CXR of mycoplasma or viral infections

patchy diffuse
infiltrates

CXR of pneumococcal pneumonia

lobar
consolidation

CXR of Pneumocystis jirovecii

pneumonia

diffuse
interstitial
infiltrates

CXR: fibrocavitary apical disease,

nodules, infiltrates, posterior and
apical segments of the right upper lobe,
apical-posterior segments of the left
upper lobe, superior segments of the
lower lobes.

Reactivation
TB

CXR: homogeneous infiltrates,

hilar/paratracheal lymph node
enlargement, segmental atelectasis,
cavitations with progressive disease

primary TB

215.

criteria used to
dx infective
endocarditis

Dukes

cryptococcus
pneumonia pts
are at risk for
developing what

meningitis

cryptococcus
pneumonia tx

amphotericin B

223.

CSF lab findings

in bacterial
meningitis

appearance: cloudy
WBCs: elevated (PMNs)
Glucose: decreased (bacteria eat
glucose)/
Protein:increased
pressure: increased

224.

CSF opening
pressure in
bacterial vs viral
meningitis

Bacterial: increased
Viral: normal

CT chest of
idiopathic
pulmonary
fibrosis

diffused patchy fibrosis with pleural

based honeycombing

225.

226.

227.

228.

229.
230.

231.

232.

233.

234.

235.

236.

237.
238.

239.

240.

DASH diet

low saturated fat,

cholesterol, and total fat
increased fruits,
vegetables
fat-free/low-fat milk
increased fiber

DDAVP challenge test in

central vs nephrogenic
diabetes insipidus

central: decrease urine

output and increase
urine osmolarity
nephrogenic: will not
decrease urine output.

deadly complication of Graves

thyroid storm

decreased active and passive

ROM

adhesive capsulitis

definition of chronic
mesenteric ischemia (CMI)

blood supply is present

but insufficient to meet
the needs of the
intestine

definition of preload

volume of blood in
ventricle at end-diastole

Definitive dx for PCP

pneumonia

Bronchoalveolar lavage
fluid eval (PCR)

definitive dx of TB requires

identification of
mycobacterium
tuberculosis from
cultures or by
DNA/RNA
amplification
techniques

definitive tx for varicose veins

<4mm

compression
sclerotherapy

definitive tx of chronic
pancreatitis

alcohol cessation

definitive tx of SCFE

pinnin in situ

destruction of tear and salivary

glands

Sjogrens

development of high fever and

resp. distress a few days after
apparent improvement or fails
to respond to usual tx of croup.

bacterial tracheitis

Diagnosis of sjorgrens

schirmers test
salivary test
+anti-Ro (SSA) and
Anti-La (SSB)
antibodies

Galeazzi's fx

diarrhea after picnic,

mayonnaise

s. aureus

Diastolic dysfunction

age >65
restrictive or
hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy
renal disease
HTN
sustained PMI
S4
CXR- pulmonary
congestion, normal heart
size
LVH
normal EF

Diastolic heart failure

definition

decreased left ventricular

compliance and
increased mean left atrial
pressure

diastolic murmur heard best

at apex without radiation

mitral stenosis

Diastolic murmurs

Aortic and pulmonic

regurgitation
Mitral and tricuspid
stenosis

a diastolic rumbling murmur

heard best at the left lower
sternal margin and the
xiphoid, augmented during
inspiration.

tricuspid stenosis

dicrotic pulse- peak in systole

and in diastole

found in dilated
cardiomyopathy

Diff between Chronic

Bronchitis and pulmonary
fibrosis

CB= hypercapnia (resp.

acidosis)
PF= hypocapnia
(hyperventilation=resp.
alkalosis)

diffiulty with both solids and

liquids and is caused by
injury or disease of the
brainstem or cranial nerves

neurogenic dysphagia

254.

diffuse patchy infiltrates

viral/mycoplasma

255.

diffuse vs limited scleroderma

diffuse: affects the skin,

heart, lungs, GI tract and
kidneys
limited: skin of the face,
neck, distal elbows and
knees, late in the disease
causes pulmonary
hypertension

245.

246.

247.

248.

249.

250.

251.

252.

253.

241.

diagnostic tool for dx of Crohns

colonoscopy

242.

diamond shaped murmur

aortic stenosis

diaphyseal fracture of the

proximal ulna with
subluxation of the radial head

monteggia's fx

243.

diaphyseal fracture of the

radius with dislocation of the
distal radioulnar joint.

244.

256.

257.

258.

259.

260.

261.

262.

263.

264.

265.

266.

267.

268.

269.

270.

diffuse/perihilar
interstitial
infiltrates

pneumocystis

dinner or silverfork deformity

Colles-fall on outstretched hand

direct inguinal
hernia

passage of intestine through external

ring at hesselbachs triangle, rarely
enters the scrotum

dislocation of the
tarsometatarsal
joint complex

Lisfranc fracture

doral displacement
of the bone
fragment

Colles fracture

Dropped beat after

PR lengthening

Type 1 second degree AV block

(wenckebach)

drug induced
hearing loss may be
caused by

streptomycin
kanamycin
neomycin
ethacrynic acid
chloramphenicol

drug of choice in
rheumatic fever

aspirin

Drug of choice in
unilateral renal
artery stenosis?

ACEI (contraindicated in bilateral

RAS). monitor renal function 2x's a
week for the first 3 weeks

drugs that cause

SLE like symptoms

procainamide
hydralazine
isoniazid
methyldopa
quinidine
chlorpromazine

drugs that
exacerbate asthma

hemothorax

dupuytrens contracture in
the feet? penis?

Ledderhose disease
Peyronies disease

Dx and Tx of
intussusception in
children? Adults?

Childredn: barium enema is

diagnostic and therapeutic.
Adults: CT, surgery

Dx method of PE in
pregnant patient

VQ scan

275.

Dx of acute rheumatic fever

2 major criteria OR
1 major + 2 minor

276.

Dx of Asthma

FEV1/FVC <75%

277.

Dx of gastrinoma

fasting gastrin level >150

pg/mL

278.

Dx of gonorrhea

isolation of the organism

from the culture from the
endocervix

279.

Dx of HOCM

valsalva increases murmur.

Squatting decreases murmur

280.

dx of polymyositis

muscle bx

dysfunction of what CN
results in facial muscle
paralysis

dysfunction of what CN
results in facial sensory
loss and altered function of
the temporalis and
masseter muscles

dysphagia for solid foods

esophageal stenosis (slow

progression of solid food
dysphagia is a good sign,
rapid progression indicates
malignancy)

dysphagia or intermittent
chest pain that may or may
not be associated with
eating

diffuse esophageal spasm

285.

earliest cardiac biomarker

myoglobin

286.

early sx of renal failure

anorexia, fatigue and

weakness

ECG abnormalities of
hypothyroidism

low voltage
bradycardia

ECG finding of
hyperparathyroidism

short ST/QT interval and

prolong QRS
(hypercalcemia)

ECG findings for

hypercalcemia

prolonged PR interval
short QT interval
bradyarrhythmias
heart block
asystole

272.

273.

BBlockers
ACEI
Aspirin
NSAIDs

drugs that may

cause macular
degeneration

chloroquine
phenothiazine

drusen deposits

found in Bruchs membrane in

macular degeneration

duke criteria of
colon cancer

Duke A- involves only the mucosa

Duke B- penetration through the wall
or involvement of regional lyphm
nodes
Duke C- metastasis (lymph node
positive)
Duke D- distant metastasis

dullness to
percussion

dullness to percussion,
decreased breath sounds

271.

effusion

274.

281.

282.

283.

284.

287.

288.

289.

290.

291.

292.

293.

294.

295.

296.

297.

ECG findings for

hypocalcemia

prolonged QT interval
T-wave abnormalities

ECG findings of
hyperkalemia

lengthened PR interval, narrow

based peaked T waves,
widened QRS, flattened P waves.

ECG findings of LVH

left axis deviation, high voltage

QRS in V5 & V6, deep S in V1 & V2,
and prolonged QRS in left
percordial leads.

emergency tx of esophageal
varices

High-volume fluid
replacement &
vasopressors
Endoscopic therapy and
pharmacologic
vasoconstriction
(octeotride)

enzyme sensitive and specific

for pancreatitis

Lipase (generally at
levels 3x or greater

eponyms assoc with psoriasis

Auspitzs sign
Koebners phenomenon

erosion of interphalangeal
joints, new bone formation,
pencil-in-cup deformity

psoriatic arthritis

erythema multiforme

Herpes (think
MULTInucleated giant
cells)

esophageal atresia is
commonly assoc with

tracheoesophageal
fistulae

313.

esophageal carcinoma dx

endoscopy with bx

314.

Esophageal varices tx?

octeotride

etiologic agent in Guillian

Barre diarrhea?

campylobacter

316.

etiology of abx-assoc diarrhea

c. diff.

317.

Etiology of acute epiglottitis

H. Influenza B

etiology of constrictive
cardiomyopathy

radiation(most common
cause
TB
infections

Etiology of croup

parainfluenza

Etiology of Dilated
cardiomyopathy

the wall of the heart have

thinned and weakened
Ischemia-CAD, cocaine,
arrhythmia
Viral-Hep C
Toxins-Alcohol,
chemotherapy
Genetic-HOCM, Tako
Tsubo
Idiopathic

321.

etiology of ectropion

advanced age
trauma
infection
palsy of the facial nerve

322.

etiology of entropion

scar tissue
spasm of obicularis
occuli muscles

etiology of inflammatory
diarrhea

invasive organisms
IBD

307.

308.

Echo of restrictive
cardiomyopathy

shows rapid early filling

309.

echocardiographic
findings of cardiac
tamponade

diastolic collapse of right ventricle

diastolic collapse of right atrium
dilated inferior vena cave with
reduced emptying during
inspiration

310.

Effect of calcium ions

on the myocardium?

positively inotropic

Effect of parathyroid
hormone on bone

activates bone remodeling through

direct action on osteoblast activity

effect of verapamil on
the myocardium?

negatively inotropic and

antiarrhythmic

Egg shell
calcifications (hilar
lymph nodes may be
calcified)

silicosis- from sandblasters

Eggshell pattern on
CXR

silicosis (sandblasters)

Eisenmenger
syndrome

right heart failure caused by

pulmonary htn. (another name for
cor pulmonale but due to
congenital heart defects)

311.

312.

315.
298.

299.

300.

301.

302.

303.

304.

305.

306.

EKG findings of
hypothyroidism

Low voltage and bradycardia

elderly pts with

bipolar also have?

dementia

Elevated, yellowish,
fleshy conjunctival
mass found on the
sclera

pinguecula

elevation of distal
clavicle with point
tenderness (tenting
of the skin)

AC joint separation

EMB side effects

optic neuritis (red-green vision

loss)

Emergency
contraception med

318.

319.
320.

Levonogestrel
323.

324.

325.

326.

327.

328.

329.

330.

331.
332.

333.

334.

335.

336.

337.

338.

etiology of majority of
otitis externa

pseudomonas

etiology of
pseudomembraneous
colitis

c. diff

Etiology of restrictive
cardiomyopathy

Infiltrative process:
Amyloidosis
Hemochromatosis
Sarcoidosis
Scleroderma
Fibrosis
Cancer

excessive rotational
force of the femur on
the tibia

meniscal injury

Exogenous
corticosteroid use

Cushings syndrome

expressive, nonfluent
aphasia

brocas aphasia in the frontal lobe

extraintestinal
complications of
crohns

cholecystitis/cholelithiasis
uveitis
arthritis
erythema nodosum

Extreme vulvar itching,

vaginal erythema,
white cheese-like curd
discharge that is
malodorous

candida vulvovaginitis

Exudative retinal
lesions, seen in
endocarditis

Roth Spots

facial palsy, lesions of

the external ear,
vertigo, tinnitus and
deafness caused by
herpes zoster

ramsey hunt syndrome

fall directly on
shoulder

acromio-clavicular joint
separation

fall on outstretched
hand with
hyperextension of the
elbow

supracondylar humerus fracture

fall or impact on the tip

of the shoulder

acromioclavicular separation

fall with palm closed or

blow to back of hand

smith fx

350.

Fat pad displacement

fx of wrist and elbow

351.

fat pad sign on xray

distal humerus fx or elbow fx

352.

Fatigue and pruritis

primary billiary cirrhosis

feature of proliferative
diabetic retinopathy

neovascularization
vitreous hemorrhage

features of a blow out

fracture

inability to look up due to

entrapment of the infraorbital
nerve and the musculature.
Double vision is common
subcutaneous emphysema and
exophthalmos are present

features of chronic
adrenal insufficiency

deficiency in both glucocorticoid

and mineralcorticoid
characterized by anorexia,
nausea, weight loss,
hypotension, and
hyperpigmentation

339.

340.

etiology of secretory
diarrhea

pancreatic insufficiency
ingestion of bacterial toxins
laxative use

etiology of Type 2
diabetes

impaired pancreatic B cell response

to glucose

etiology of Type I
diabetes

Pancreatic B cells fail to respond to

stimuli and undergo autoimmune
destruction- can lead to a catabolic
state with ketosis.

341.

342.

343.

344.

345.

etiology of viral
conjunctivitis

adenovirus type 3, 8, or 19

Etoh withdrawl tx

Librium

exacerbating HTN
factors

excessive alcohol intake

cigarette smoking
lack of exercise
polycythemia
NSAIDs
low potassium intake

346.

exam of a patient
with a lobar
consolidation

decreased percussion, increased

fremitus and breath sounds

348.

exam of a patient
with a pleural
effusion

Decreased percussion, fremitus,

and breath sounds

examples of exudates

"leaky capillaries"
infection
malignancy
trauma

347.

349.

examples of
transudates

"intact capillaries"
CHF
renal/liver disease
atelectasis

excess secretion of
ACTH by the pituitary

Cushing's disease(major cause of

cushing's syndrome)

excessive growth
before closure of
epiphysis

Gigantism
(Acromegaly-after closure of
epiphysis)

353.

354.

355.

356.

357.

358.

features of nonproliferative
diabetic retinopathy

venous dilation
microaneurysms
retinal hemorrhages
retinal edema
hard exudates

features of stroke involving

the anterior circulation

aphasia
apraxia
hemiparesis
hemisensory losses
visual field defects

features of stroke involving

the posterior circulation

coma
drop attacks
vertigo
nausea
vomiting
ataxia

features of the thyroid in

hashimotos

enlarged, firm, and finely

nodular

fecal-oral transmission
hepatits

A&E

female, midsystolic click,

and late systolic murmur

MVP

362.

Fetal hemoglobin

2 alpha 2 gamma

363.

FEV1/FVC ratio <70% =

obstructive pattern

364.

FEV1/FVC ratio >70% =

restrictive pattern

fever, pain, redness and a

fluctuant neck mass

suppurative thyroiditis

first line pressor in heart

failure

dobutamine

First line therapy for mild

ITP? second line?

steroids(dexamethasone or
prednisone). 2nd line is
IVIG

first line treatment in

chronic glaucoma

prostaglandin analogs
(Latanoprost)

first line tx for chronic

angina

BBlockers

First line tx for Rotator cuff

disorders? 2nd Line? 3rd
Line?

1. Activity modification,
NSAIDS, physical therapy.
2. Corticosteroid injections
+ PT.
3. surgery

359.

360.

361.

365.

366.

367.

368.

369.

370.

371.

372.

First line tx of
prolactinoma

dopamine agonists
(bromocriptine)
-consider surgery if med
treatment has failedm the
patient wants to get pregnant,
or visual field defects.

first step in dx of
diverticulitis

AXR to r/o free air.

Fixed split S-2

ASD

flat brown spots with

sharp borders on
dorsum of hand

lentigines

flat-topped, shiny,
violaceous papules with
fine white lines on the
surface

Lichen planus with Wickhams

striae

folic acid antagonist CI

in pregnancy

Bactrim

A fracture through
growth plate and
epiphysis, sparing
metaphysis

Salter Harris Type III

A fracture through
growth plate, epiphysis
and metaphysis

Salter Harris Type IV

A fracture through the

growth plate and the
metaphysis, sparing the
epiphysis

Salter Harris Type II

functional obstruction
in the newborn

Hirschsprungs disease
(congenital aganglionosis of
the colon)

fungal pneumonia found

in the soil

cryptococcus

fungus in bird/bat
droppings? Tx?

histoplasmosis
itraconazole

385.

fx at the growth plate

epiphyseal fracture

386.

GP***

Gravida: # of pregnancies
Parity: Term, Preterm,
Abortion, Living

Gardasil is effective
against which HPV
strains

6,11,16, 18

garden spade deformity

(volar angulation)

smith fx

GI infection assoc with

guillain-barre syndrome

campylobacter jejuni

390.

goal BP for diabetics

<130/80

391.

goal LDL for diabetics

<100

373.

374.

375.
376.

377.

378.

379.

380.

381.

382.

First line tx in diastolic

heart failure

CCB (verapamil or
Cardizem)

first line tx of osteoporosis

bisphosphonates
(alendronate, etc)

383.

384.

387.

388.

389.

392.

393.

394.

395.

396.

397.

a goiter with a bruit

Hyperthyroidism caused
by graves disease

Gold standard for dx of PE?

More common standard for dx
of PE?

Pulmonary angiogram
Spiral CT

Gold standard for dx of

pertussis

nasopharyngeal
secretions

Gold standard of dx for cor

pulmonale

right heart cath

415.

Gold standard of dx of
pulmonary HTN

right hearth cath

416.

gold standard test for cushings

low-dose
dexamethasone
suppression test

417.

golfers/baseball elbow

medial epicondylitis

399.

golfers/pitchers elbow

Medial epicondylitispain with resisted wrist

flexion and pronation
(MCL sprain)

401.

402.

403.

404.

405.

406.

407.

408.

409.

410.

411.

Gowers maneuver

413.
414.

398.

400.

412.

Duchenne muscular
dystrophy

gradual loss of peripheral

vision

glaucoma

gram negative, spiral shaped

bacillus

H. pylori

gram/geimsa stain of bacterial

conjunctivitis

PMN's and predominant

organism
If chlamydia-no
organisms will be seen
If gonorrhea-gram neg
diplococci

418.
419.

420.

421.

422.

423.

granulomatous inflammation
of a Meibomian gland

chalazion

greasy, foul smelling, floating

stools

Giardia

greenstick fracture <15

degrees? >15 degrees

1.cast for 4-6 weeks

2. ortho referral

425.

Ground-glass appearance on
CXR

asbestosis

426.

hair loss after crash dieting,

high fever, or significant
illness (can be pulled out by
gentle plugging)

telogen effuvium

head trauma pre-intubation

seizure prevention

lidocaine

headache, dizziness, and

generalized pruritis esp after
showering? Tx?

polycythemia vera.
Phlebotomy

Heart failure after URI

myocarditis

424.

427.

428.

429.

Heartburn and
new onset
dysphagia

scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)

heberdens nodes

DIP

hematemesis
indicates
bleeding where?

proximal to the ligament of treitz

hematuria and
hemoptysis

Goodpasteures

Hematuria and
proteinuria after
an URI

IgA nephropathy

hematuria,
purpuric rash
following strep
infection

HSP

Hemoglobin H

4 beta chains- nonfunctional

Hep D is seen
only in
conjunction with

Hep B

hepatic vein
thrombosis

Budd-chiari syndrome

Heroin drug user

+ nephrotic
syndrome

focal segmental glomerulonephritis

Hgb/Hct in
chronic
bronchitis vs
emphysema

CB: increased due to chronic hypoxia

Emphysema: Normal

HIDA vs ERCP in
acute
cholecystitis

HIDA-can confirm the dx

ERCP- identifies the cause, location
and extent of biliary obstruction

high pitched
blowing diastolic
murmur

aortic regurgitation

highest risk for

HAP

ICU
mechanical ventilation

hilar and
mediastinal
abnormalities

lung cancer

Hilar mass on
CXR

lung cancer

Hill-sach lesion

cortical depression in the posterolateral

head of the humerus (caused by
recurrent anterior shoulder
dislocations)

hip flexed,
internally rotated
and adducted

hip dislocation (90% posterior)

430.

431.

432.

433.

434.

435.

436.

histologic hallmark
of TB

biopsy revealing caseating

granulomas (necrotizing
granulomas)

Holosystolic
murmur

VSD

holosystolic
murmur, hight
pitched and best
heard at the apex in
the LLD position,
radiates to the axilla

Mitral regurgitation

how can you tell if

acute pancreatitis is
caused by alcohol

lipase is 2.5-3x's that of amylase

how does aortic

stenosis cause
exertional dyspnea

leads to LVH (apical lift, noncompliant stiff left ventricle-S4) -->

leads to increased left atrial
pressure that is transmitted back
into the pulmonary capillaries. This
is Diastolic HF

how does atresia

present in newborns

how to tx ophthalmopathy in
hyperthyroid patients

IV methylprednisolone or
high-dose tapered
prednisone

446.

Howell-Jolly bodies

splenectomy, asplenia

447.

HTN & osteoporosis DOC

Thiazide diuretic

HTN drug of choice for

blacks and elderly

thiazides

HTN drug of choice for

whites and young

BB, ACEI, CCB

HTN drug of choice in pts

with CAD

BB (add ACEI if there is left

ventricular dysfunction,
diabetes or dyslipidemia)

HTN with hypernatremia

and hypokalemia

Primary Aldosteronism

Hyaline casts

normal, strenous
excercise, febrile illness

hyperglycemia in the
morning

somogyi effect (rebound

hyperglycemia)

hyperinflation & flattening

of the diaphragm

emphysema

hypernatremia +
dehydration

Diabetes insipidus

hyperpigmentation, elevated
plasma ACTH

Addisons disease

hyperresonance to
percussion, decreased
breath sounds, tympany

pneumothorax

hypersegmented neutrophils
are seen on peripheral blood
smear

Vit B12 deficiency

459.

hypertensive emergency

>220/130 with evidence of

end organ damage

460.

hypertensive ugency

>220/125

461.

hypertensive urgency tx

labetolol

hyperthyroid tx that takes a

few weeks to kick in and are
useful in preparing patients
for surgery or radioactive
iodine tx

methimazole and PTU

hypocalcemia caused by
renal resistance to
parathyroid hormone

pseudohypoparathyroidism

hypoglycemia in alcoholic
tx?

give thiamine before

glucose to prevent
wernicke's encephalopathy

Hypokalemia, anorexia,
nausea, fatigue, dizzines,
and visual disturbances
(yellow)?

digitalis toxicity

445.

448.

449.

450.

451.

excessive saliva and

choking/coughing with attempts to
feed. inability to pass a NGT

how does measles

rash present

maculopapular rash that begins at

the hairline and behind the ears,
spreads down the trunk and limbs
to include the palms and soles.

how does RMSF rash

present?

macules on the wrist and ankles

and spreads to the extremities and
trunk

how does the

cataract look on
fundoscopy

black on a red background

How is dx confirmed
in celiac disease

small bowel bx

how is myasthenia
gravis diagnosis
confirmed

marked clinical improvement is

achieved by administering a shortacting anticholinesterase
(edrophonium) or serum assay for
elevated levels of acetylcholine
receptor antibodies

how should patients

with retinal
detachment lay

supine, with the head turned to the

side of the retinal detachment

how to confirm dx of
achalasia

esophageal manometry

how to differentiate
croup from
epiglttitis

PA film shows steeple sign (croup)

Lateral neck film shows thumbprint
sign

how to r/o fx in an
AC joint separation

obtain load bearing xrays (hold

weight in hand)

452.

453.

454.

455.

456.

457.
437.

458.
438.

439.

440.

441.

442.

443.

444.

462.

463.

464.

465.

466.

467.

468.

469.

hyponatremia and
hyperkalemia

acute adrenal
insufficiency (addisons
crisis)

hypoparathyroidism +
cardiac and congenital facial
anomalies

DiGeorges Syndrome

hyposplenism or splenectomy
at risk for what type of
pneumonia

Strep pneumonia

ICU patient on mechanical

ventilation pneumonia

pseudomonas

if patient is hypokalemic
refractory to potassium
administration, what other
electrolyte should you look at?

magnesium-it is
important in potassium
uptake and maintenance

imaging for a shoulder

dislocation or humeral head
fracture

AP view and
transthoracic Y view

imaging modaility of choice

for Bronchiectasis? what does
it reveal?

high res chest CT

Dilated, tortuous
airways

imaging of a scaphoid fracture

AP
lateral
scaphoid view
(if at first neg. repeat in
2-3 weeks)

in regards to varicose veins,

what test can be performed to
differentiate saphenofemoral
valve incompetence from
perforator vein incompetence

Brodie-Trendelengberg
Test

In the absence of CAD, angina

pectoris most frequently is
associated with?

angina pectoris

485.

inability to replace the foreskin

paraphimosis

486.

inability to retract the foreskin

phimosis

incisional hernias are more

commonly assoc with ?

vertical incisions

increase in aldoserone
secretion which results in
retention of sodium and
excretion of potassium.

primary aldosteronism

increase in JVP during

inspiration

Kussmauls sign

increased intraocular pressure

with optic nerve damage

glaucoma

Increased JVP, palpable

venous pulse in liver.

Tricuspid insufficiency

increased neutrophils vs
increased
lymphocytes/monocytes

bacteria: neutrophils
Viral:
lymphocytes/monocytes

493.

increased risk of CAP

cardiopulmonary
disease
sickle cell disease
splenectomy
liver disease
* booster shot every 6
years

494.

indications for CABG

DUST
Depressed ventricular
function
Unable to perform PCI
Stenosis of the Left
main CA
Triple vessel disease

495.

indirect inguinal hernia

*most common
passage of intestine
through the internal
inguinal ring down the
inguinal canal, may
pass into the scrotum

infant with holosystolic

murmur, difficulty feeding,
dyspnea

VSD

inflammation of the enclosed

sheath around a tendon

tenosynovitis

483.

484.

487.
470.

471.

472.

473.

474.

475.

476.

477.

478.

479.

480.

481.

482.

488.

489.

impaired transmission of
sound along the external canal

conductive hearing loss

impedes blood flow between

the left atrium and ventricle

mitral stenosis

impedes ejection fraction of

the left side of the heart

aortic stenosis

in a supracondylar humerus
fracture what must you
examine for

brachial artery injuries

in adults, when does

intussusception most
commonly occur

caused by a neoplasm

in an infant, right heart failure

is manifested by

hepatomegaly

in children, when does

intussusception most
commonly occur

after a viral infection

in pertussis, which stage does

the whooping cough occur

paroxysmal stage

in pts with diverticulosi, how

can diverticulitis be
prevented?

high fiber diet and

avoidance of
constipating/obstructing
foods

490.

491.

492.

496.

497.

498.

499.

500.

501.

502.

503.

504.

505.

506.

507.

508.

509.

510.

511.

512.

inflammation of the
lacrimal duct? common
offending organisms?

dacryocystitis
S. aureus
B-hemolytic strep
staph epidermidis
candida

inflammation/infection
of the glands of Moll or
Zeis with pustular
formation in those glands

External hordeola (adjacent to

the edge of the palpebral
margin) AKA "sty"

inflammation/infection
of the meibomian gland
with pustular formation
in that gland

internal hordeola (deep from

the palpebral margin)

inflammatory arthritis
with skin involvement
usually preceding joint
disease by months to
years

psoriatic athritis

inflammatory disease of
striated muscle affecting
the proximal limbs, neck,
and pharynx

polymyositis

INH side effects

hepatitis
peripheral neuropathy (add
B6/pyridoxine)

Initial tx of CHF

thiazide or loop diuretic + ACEI

initial tx of choice for

status epilepticus

lorazepam(ativan)

515.

initial tx of gout

NSAIDs (indomethacin)

516.

inpatient tx of CAP

provide coverage of strep.

pneumoniae and legionella with
ceftriaxone or cefotaxime +
azithromycin or a
fluoroquinolone

intermittent asthma
criteria

Sx: <2days/wk without

interference of daily activities
Night Sx: <2nights/month
Rescue use: <2days/wk
FEV1>80% FEV1/FVC ratio:
normal

Intermittent jaundice
in the absence of
hemolysis or
underlying liver
disease? Tx?

Gilberts disease.
Resolves spontaneously

intra-articular
deposition of calcium
pyrophosphate

pseudogout

invagination of the
proximal segment of
the bowel into the
portion just distal to it

intussusception

irreversible fibrosis
and nodular
regeneration
throughout the liver

cirrhosis

irritating factors of
PUD

NSAIDS
smoking
alcohol

jacksonian march

simple partial seizure

A jeffersons fx is a
burst fracture of what
vertebrae

C-1

jerking movements
and dementia

Creutzfeldt-Jakob

Joint Fluid analysis of

OA vs RA vs Septic

OA: yellow, WBCs: 200-300,

PMNs 25%
RA: yellow, WBCs: 3,00050,000, PMNs: 25-50%
septic: yellow-green, WBCs
>50,000, PMNs: 75%

joints affected in OA

DIP (heberden nodes) and PIP

(Bouchards nodes)

joints usually spared

in RA

DIP

jones fracture

5th metatarsal diaphysis fx

513.
514.

517.

518.

519.

initial diagnostic test for

Cushings

24 hour urine free cortisol

(>125 is dx)

initial dx test to check for

tamponade

echo

initial method of
identifying a PE

spiral CT

Initial treatment of acute

angle closure glaucoma

IV acetazolamide (can add

manitol for osmotic diuresis if
IOP is severely elevated)

initial tx for thyroid

storm

BBlockers (propranolol) +
hydrocortisone

initial tx of a blow-out
fracture

nasal decongestants
icepack/cold compress
antibiotics

initial tx of a
prolactinoma

A dopamine agonist:
Bromocriptine (Parlodel)

initial tx of acute
cholangitis

abx (fluoroquinolone,
ampicillin and gentamycin +/metronidazole)
fluid and electrolyte
replacement
analgesia

initial tx of angle-closure
glaucoma

pilocarpine (miosis), carbonic

anhydrase inhibitors
(acetazolamide), BBlockers
(timolol), osmotic diuresis
(mannitol)

520.

521.

522.

523.
524.

525.

526.

527.

528.

529.

530.

531.

532.

533.
534.

535.

536.

537.

538.

539.

Jones Major criteria

Jones Minor criteria

K sparing diuretic ADR

carditis
erythema marginatum
subcutaneous nodules
chorea
polyarthritis
fever
polyarthralgias
prolongation of PR interval
ESR/CRP
gynecomastia
hyperkalemia
hirsutism
sexual dysfunction

Kanavels sign

Flexor tenosynovitis

kanavels sign+ pain at base

of thumb

infectious De Quervains
tenosynovitis

Kerley B lines

perivascular or interstitial
edema

Keyser-Fleischer Disease
(green rimming to the iris)?

Wilson's dz

lab finding assoc with

chronic adrenal
insufficiency

hyponatremia due to lack of

aldosterone

Lab finding in Reactive

arthritis(reiters syndrome)

HLA-B27

lab findings in Addison's

disease

low cortisol
high ACTH (low levels of
ACTH indicate secondary
disease)
serum DHEA levels <1000
diffuse: ANA is present
limited: anticentromere
antibody

lab test for adrenal

insufficiency

cosyntropin (ACTH)
stimulation test

lab test for growth hormone

defeciency

glucagon storage test

543.

labs for pagets disease

increased alk phosphatase,

normal calcium and
phosphate

544.

Labs of Reyes syndrome

Elevated ammonia levels,

LFTS, hypoglycemia,
prolonged PT.

Lambert Eaton myasthenic

syndrome is often precedes
what

small cell lung cancer

late sx of renal failure

oliguria, dyspnea, chest

pain, N/V, and abdominal
pain.

541.

542.

545.

546.

epidural
hematoma

lateralization to the affected ear on the

Weber test

conductive
hearing loss

LE pain after long periods of standing

Varicose veins

leading cause of blindness in adults in

the US

diabetic
retinopathy
(annual eye
exams)

leading cause of irreversible central

vision loss

macular
degeneration

leading cause of nontraumatic

monoarthritis

reactive
arthritis

least aggressive form of thyroid

cancer?
most aggressive?

papillary
anaplastic

554.

left pleural effusion

think exudate

555.

leg externally rotated and shortened

hip fracture

556.

Leriche's Syndrome

erectile
dysfunction
occurs with
iliac artery
stenosis

lesion at the optic chiasm will result

in?

bitemporal
heteronymous
hemianopsia

lesion of right optic tract posterior to

optic chiasm will result in?

left
homonymous
hemianopsia

lesion on right optic nerve anterior to

optic chiasm will result in?

total blindness
of right eye

Leukemia that presents with

drenching night sweats,
hepatosplenomegaly, basophils and
eosinophils on peripheral smear

CML

Leukemia that presents with

lymphadenopathy,
hepatosplenomegaly and isolated
lymphocytosis?

CLL

Leukemia with Auer rods or enzymes

such as peroxidase

AML
(peroxidase is
a myeloid
enzyme)

leukemia with pancytopenia with

circulating blasts

ALL

564.

leukemia/lymphoma pneumonia

fungus

565.

Likely to get pneumothorax

tall thin males

CF
COPD
trauma

548.

549.
550.

551.

552.

553.

557.

Lab studies in diffuse vs

limited scleroderma

540.

lateral skull fracture with tear in

middle meningeal artery

547.

558.

559.

560.

561.

562.

563.

566.

567.
568.

569.

linear atelectasis (tram track lines),

dilated and thickened airways (plate
like atelectasis)

Bronchiectasis

lobar consolidation

pneumococcal

location and metastasis of small cell

lung cancer

originate in the
central bronchi
and mets to
regional lymph
nodes

location of adenocarcinoma

periphery of the
lungs, arises
from mucous
glands

location of squamous cell

bronchogenic carcinoma

bronchial in
origin/centrally
located

locations of cancer of the esophagus

assoc with Barrett's

adenocarcinoma:
distal third
squamous cell:
proximal twothirds

572.

Loop diuretics ADR

ototoxicity
hypokalemia
hypocalcemia
dehydration
gout

573.

loss of normal skin folds

scleroderma

loss of shoulder contour, with the

elbow pointing outward

anterior
dislocation (most
common)

570.

571.

574.

low pitched diastolic rumble best

heard in the apex

mitral stenosis

low serum haptoglobin

hemolysis

a low-pitched, blowing decrescendo

diastolic murmur heard best at the
third left intercostal space along the
left sternal border.

aortic
regurgitation

lung abscesses caused by aspiration

develop from what organisms

anerobes
(fusobacterium)

lung cancer that causes

gynecomastia

large cell (due to

elevated B-HCG)

580.

lung cancer with gynecomastia

large cell

581.

lung cancer with hypercalcemia

squamous cell

582.

lung cancer with hypercalemia

squamous cell

583.

lung cancer with thrombophlebitis

adenocarcinoma

584.

lung cancer with thrombphlebitis

adenocarcinoma

575.

576.
577.

578.

579.

585.

LVH on ECG

deep S waves in V1 & V2

tall R waves in V5 & V6

586.

machinery murmur

PDA

587.

main tx of PAD

Cilostazol (pletal)

maintenance therapy of
gout for overproduces of
uric acid

allopurinol

maintenance therapy of
gout for underproducers
of uric acid

probenecid

maintenance tx of Crohns

Mesalamine

major cause of
endogenous cushings
syndrome

cushings disease

Major criteria for acute

rheumatic fever

Carditis
migratory polyarthritis
subcutaneous nodules
(aschoff bodies)
Erythema marginatum
Chorea

malodorous, grayish,
nonadherent discharge,
amine fishy odor after
KOH. dx and tx?

Bacterial vaginosis. tx with

oral metronidazole or
clindamycin cream

manifestations of cluster
HA

unilateral(ipsilateral)
meiosis, rhinorrhea, nasal
congestion, conjunctival
erythema and lacrimation

Maternal triple screen test

(Kettering or Barts test)

Measures AFP, estriol, beta

HCG

MC cause of dilated
cardiomyopathy

HTN (& ischemia)

MC shoulder dislocation?
what deformities are
seen?

Anterior
Hill Sachs-dent in the
humeral head
Bankart- glenoid labrum is
avulsed

Mechanism of action of
calcitonin

suppresses osteoclast activity

by direct action on the
osteoclast calcium receptor

Mechanism of action of
calcitriol

It is a form of Vit D. Regulates

calcium absorption from the
GI tract

Mechanism of actions of
Bisphophonates

inhibition of bone resorption

by impairment of osteoclast
function

medications that can

cause cataracts

corticosteroids
lovastatin

Meds CI in systolic heart

failure

diltiazem
verapamil

588.

589.

590.
591.

592.

593.

594.

595.

596.

597.

598.

599.

600.

601.

602.

603.

604.

605.

606.

607.

608.

609.

metabolic syndrome

3 or more of the following:

abdominal obesity
TG's >150
HDL <40 men <50 women
fasting glucose >110
HTN

621.

622.

Method to evaluate
abnormal uterine
bleeding

D&C

microcytic,
hyphochromic

IDA

mid-systolic click and

late apical systolic
murmur

mitral valve prolapse

623.

Middle cerebral artery

occlusion results in?

homonymous hemianopia

624.

Minor criteria for

acute rheumatic fever

arthralgia
fever
Elevated ESR/CRP
Prolonged PR interval on EKG

mitral stenosis is
highly associated with
what arrhythmia?

a-fib

MOA of acarbose (aglucosidase inhibitors)

reduce glucose by delaying

glucose absorption

MOA of alpha blockers

in BPH

relaxation of smooth muscles of

the bladder and neck of the
prostate

MOA of cromolyn
sodium

Mast cell stabilizer. Effective

when administered 10-15 min
before known asthmatic trigger.

MOA of glipizide
(sulfonylureas)

increased insulin secretion

MOA of metformin
(biguanides)

lowers glucose by decreasing

hepatic glucose production and
increasing glucose utilization

MOA of pioglitazone
(thiazolidinedione)

decreases insulin resistance and

increases glucose utilization

MOA of thrombolytic
agents

activate plasminogen to plasmin

to dissolve clot

most common area for

cystic bone lesions in
hyperparathyroid

Jaw

most common area of

Crohns disease

terminal ileum and right colon

(rectum is spared)

most common
associated disease of
Sjogrens

RA

most common atypical

pneumonia

mycoplasma

625.

626.
610.

627.
611.

628.
612.

629.
613.

630.
614.

631.
615.

616.

617.

618.

619.

620.

632.

633.

634.

635.

most common benign

bone tumor

osteochondroma

Most common cause

of acute arterial
occlusion in the
upper extremities in
adults <40y. Brachial
plexus, subclavian
artery or subclavian
vein become
compressed.

Thoracic outlet syndrome

most common cause

of acute bacterial
diarrhea

campylobacter

most common cause

of acute mitral
regurgitation in the
US

CAD

most common cause

of acute pancreatitis

cholelithiasis and alcohol abuse

(hyperlipidemia, trauma, drugs,
hypercalcemia/hyperparathyroidism,
and penetrating PUD may also cause
acute pancreatitis)

most common cause

of Addison's disease

autoimmune destruction of the

adrenal cortex

most common cause

of bronchiectasis in
children

Cystic fibrosis

most common cause

of cardiac-related
death and disability

atherosclerotic heart disease

most common cause

of cor pulmonale

COPD

most common cause

of diastolic heart
failure

HTN

most common cause

of dilated
cardiomyopathy

HTN

Most common cause

of endocarditis in pts
with prosthetic heart
valves

s. epidermidis

most common cause

of
hyperparathyroidism

parathyroid adenoma

most common cause

of hyperthyroidism

Graves disease

most common cause

of hypothyroidism

hashimotos thyroiditis (autoimmune

thyroiditis)

636.

637.

638.

639.
640.

641.

642.

643.

644.

645.

646.

647.

648.

649.

650.

651.

652.

653.

654.

655.

656.

657.

most common cause of nonhemorrhagic GI bleeds

PUD

658.

Most common cause of

osteomyelitis

staph aureus

659.

most common cause of

postpartum hemorrhage

uterine atony

most common cause of PUD

H. pylori

most common cause of

reactive arthritis

chlamydia

661.

most common cause of STelevation MI

acute rupture of an
atherosclerotic plaque

662.

most common cause of

subarachnoid hemorrhage?

ruptured saccular (berry)

aneurysm-nontraumatic

663.

most common cyanotic

congestive heart lesion in the
newborn

Transposition of the great

vessels

664.

most common dislocated

joint

glenohumeral joint
(anterior-subcoracoid
most common)

665.

most common etiology of

tricuspid stenosis

rheumatic fever

666.

most common extrapulmonary location of TB

spine

Most common finding on ECG

in pulmonary embolus

Sinus tachycardia
(S1Q3T3 are rarely seen
except in massive emboli)

most common form of

thyroid cancer

papillary

most common fracture of the

c-spine

hangmans fx (C-2)

most common fracture with

an ankle sprain

lateral malleolus

most common functioning

pituitary tumor

Prolactinoma

most common fx in children

and adolescents

collar bone

Most common herditary

hyperbilirubinemia

Gilberts syndrome

most common in elderly with

mild diabtes. lethargy,
confusion, >300mOsm

non-ketotic
hyperglycemia or
hyperosmolar coma

most common inherited

cause of unconjugated
hyperbillirubinemia

Gilberts disease

most common interstitial

lung disease

idiopathic pulmonary
fibrosis

most common joints involved

in pseudogout

knee
wrist
elbow

660.

667.

668.

669.

670.

671.

672.

673.

674.

675.

676.

most common ocular

disorder of MS

optic neuritis

most common
opportunistic infection in
HIV

PJP

Most common organism in

septic arthritis? Tx?

Staph Aureus. Dicloxacillin

most common organism of

bacterial septic arthritis

s. aureus

most common organisms

of otitis media

strep. pneumoniae
H. inlfuenza
Moraxella cat

most common overuse

injury of the elbow

lateral epicondylitis (tennis

elbow)

most common pathogen of

acute cholangitis

E. coli

most common presenting

sign signs of primary
sclerosing cholangitis

jaundice and pruritis

most common primary

benign bone tumor of the
hand

enchondroma (cartilaginous
tumor)

most common primary

malignant bone tumor?
presentation?

osteosarcoma. pain and a

mass in the distal femur or
proximal tibia.

most common reason for

intraoperative MI?

hypotension

most common salter harris

fx

Type 2 (metaphysis and

physis)

most common secondary

cause of
hyperparathyroidism

phosphate retention in
chronic kidney diseaseleads to renal osteodystrophy

most common site for a

talus fracture

neck-risk of osteonecrosis

most common site of aortic

dissection

infra-renal

most common site of

prostate cancer

peripheral zone

most common site of

scoliosis

1. right thoracic curves at T7

or T8
2. double major (right
thoracic & left lumbar)

most common spinal cord

tumor

ependymoma

most common symptom of

scleroderma

raynauds

677.

678.
679.

680.

681.

682.

683.

684.

685.

686.

687.

688.

689.

690.

691.
692.

693.

694.

695.

696.

Most common symptoms of

Myasthenia Gravis

Ptosis (pupil size is always

normal)
diplopia
jaw fatigue
dysarthria

most common tarsal fx

calcaneus (r/o spine injury)

most common tumor that

causes ectopic ACTH

small cell carcinoma of the

lung- produces
hypercortisolism and
hypokalemia

most common type of

bronchogenic carcinoma

adenocarcinoma

700.

most common valvulopathy

assoc with angina

aortic stenosis

701.

most people with MI will

die of what

V-fib

702.

Most sensitive cardiac

biomarker

Troponin I

703.

most sensitive lab test to dx

herpes simplex virus?

PCR

704.

most sensitive test for

detecting ACL injury

Lachmans test

Most specific cardiac

biomarker

CK-MB

Moth eaten bone

destruction

osteomyelitis

motor deficit from

herniation to L3-L4?

quadriceps

motor deficit from

herniation to L4-L5?

dorsiflexion

motor deficit from

herniation to L5-S1?

plantar flexion

mousy urine

PKU

mucopurulent cercicitis
and a red, swollen and
fraible cervix - dx and tx?

gonorrhea. tx with
ceftriaxone

multiple hamartomas or
polyps scattered
throughout the entire GI
tract.

peutz-jeughers syndrome

murmur & hx of rheumatic

heart disease

mitral stenosis#1 tricuspid

stenosis #2

murmur associated with

aortic regurgitation

austin flint murmur

murmur associated with

Ebstein anomaly

Tricuspid regurgitation

697.

698.

699.

705.

706.
707.

708.

709.

710.

711.

712.

murmur of pulmonary
hypertension

Graham steell murmur- high

pitched early diastolic
decrescendo murmur heard over
the left upper to left midsternal
area.

murmurs that get

louder with exhalation

Aortic and mitral murmurs

murmurs that get

louder with inspiration

pulmonic and tricuspid

murmurs- increases venous
return

murmus of mitral valve

prolapse

systolic click and late systolic

murmur

muscles assoc with

deQuervains disease

abductor pollicis longus

extensor pollicus brevis

muscles involved in
lateral epicondylitis

tendinous insertion of the

extensor carpi radialis brevis

muscles involved in
medial epicondylitis

flexor-pronator muscles

Muscles of rotator cuff?

tests associated on PE

Supraspinatus-Empty can test

(pain with extension of arm and
inward rotation
Infraspinatus-Elbow to side,
resist external rotation of the
forearm
Teres Minor-external rotation
Subscapularis-internal rotation

narrow splitting and

accentuation of the
second heart sound and
a systolic ejection click

pulmonary hypertension

Neer classification

assesses humeral fractures

nephrogenic diabetes
insipidus tx

HCTZ
ameloride
indomethacin

nerve affected in carpal

tunnel

median

neuro complications of
sarcoidosis

cranial mononeuropathy (Bells

Palsy)
peripheral neuropathy
hypothalmic inflammation with
central diabetes insipidus

new murmur after MI

mitral regurgitation (papillary

muscle rupture)

newborn after the first

month of life when
lacrimal duct does not
open

dacryostenosis (usually resolves

by 9 months of age- tx: warm
compress/massage)

Newborn infant with

meconium ileus

think CF

713.

714.

715.

716.

717.

718.

719.

720.

721.

722.

723.
724.

725.

726.

727.

Niacin
deficiency

Pellegra (4 D's-dermatitis, diarrhea,

dementia, death), bright red tongue

nonpharmacologic
measures in
CHF

progressive aerobic exercise

low-sodium diet
stress reduction

nonbilious
vomiting that
is projectile

pyloric stenosis

noncaseating
granulomas

sarcoidosis

Normal
FEV1/FVC
ratio

70%

Nosocomial
bacterial
pneumonia

Pseudomonas

numbness and
tingling in
ulnar
distribution (4
and 5 digits)

cubital tunnel syndrome

obstructive vs
restrictive lung
disease in
regards to
FEV/FVC

>70% = restriction
<70% = obstruction

oliguria,
hematuria,
proteinuria
following strep
infection

acute glomerulonephritis

one of the most

common
causes of ARDS
is?

acute gastric aspiration

onion skinning

ewings sarcoma

only drug
approved for tx
of fibromyalgia

pregabalin (lyrica)

opening snap,
diastolic

mitral stenosis

optimal
procedure for
dx and tx of
acute
cholangitis

ERCP- for drainage, sphincterectomy,

stone removal and stent placement. Must
be performed when the patient is stable.
cholecystectomy later on when patient is
stable

order of
evaluation of
shoulder
dislocation

1. neurovascular exam
2. xray to r/o fx
3. reduction
4. repeat xray and neuro exam

728.

organism of diphtheria

cornyebacterium

729.

organism of Lyme disease

borrelia
burgdorferi

730.

organism of myocarditis

coxsackievirus

organism of rocky mountain spotted

fever

Rickettsia
rickettsii

organism specific to the human

mouth

Eikenella
corrodens

orthostatic hypotension (systolic

dropping by 20mm or more) is
common in what type of patients?

elderly and
diabetics
(because of
autonomic
neuropathy)

osteomyelitis by puncture wound

through shoe

pseudomonas

osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients

salmonella

Osteophyte formation and joint

space narrowing

osteoarthritis

outpatient abx for CAP

Macrolides
(clarithromycin
or azithromycin)
Doxycycline
erythromycin
fluoroquinolones

outpouching of the posterior

hypopharynx

Zenkers
diverticulum

overuse or trauma of the rotator cuff

subacromial
bursitis

overweight male with thigh pain

worsened with weight bearing

SCFE

pain along the proximal humeral

groove and positive yegearson sign

bicipital
tendonitis

pain and stiffness in the neck,

shoulder, and pelvic girdles and is
accompanied by constitutional sx's
(fever, fatigue, weight loss,
depression)

polymyalgia
rheumatica

pain and tenderness of the wrist and

base of the thumb in diabetic women
over 30

de Quervains
(positive
Finklestein test)

pain in the elderly that is increased

by walking and relieved by leaning
forward

spinal stenosis

745.

Pain med for acute pancreatitis

meperidine
(demerol). Do
not give
morphine-

746.

pain with resisted wrist extension

lateral
epicondylitis

731.

732.

733.

734.

735.
736.

737.

738.

739.

740.

741.

742.

743.

744.

769.

pathophys of Barretts esophagitis

replacement of
squamous
epithelium with
metaplastic
columnar epithelium

770.

pathophysiology of glaucoma

impediment of
aqueous humor
outflow through the
trabecular meshwork
and canal of
schlemm will
increase pressure in
the anterior chamber

771.

pathophysiology of otitis media

poor drainage from

the eustachian tube
inflammation and
edema
congenital deformity

pattern of relapsing and

remitting. Weakness, numbness,
and paresis predominate

Multiple sclerosis

pauciarticular JRA are at risk of

what

asymptomatic uveitis
that may lead to
blindness if they a
positive ANA test

774.

PE risk factors

Factor V leiden
Major surgery
immobilization
Trauma
Lupus
Malignancy
Pregnancy
OCPs
Smoking

tinea capitis

775.

pea soup diarrhea

enteric (typhoid)
fever

Patchy fibrosis on CXR

Farmers lung

776.

pericardial knock

pathogen assoc with pityriasis

vesicolor

malassezia furfur

constrictive
pericarditis
Chronic bronchitis

pathogen associated with

contact lens

acanthamoeba

pathogen for pinworms

enterobiasis

pathogen involved in almost all

non-NSAID induced GI
mucosal inflammation

H. pylori

perioral cyanosis with a normal

respiratory rate and no accessory
muscle use. Chest percussion is
resonant; auscultation
demonstrates wheezes and coarse
ronchi that change in location
and intensity after a cough

pathogen of a liver abscess

entamoeba histolytica

767.

pathogen of acute endocarditis

S. aureus

pathogen of subacute
endocarditis

s. viridans

peristalsis is decreased and lower

esophageal sphincter tone is
increased, causing slowly
progressive dysphagia with
episodic regurgitation and chest
pain

achalasia

766.

perivascular granuloma with

vasculitis

Rheumatic valve
disease

747.

748.

749.

750.

751.

752.

753.
754.

755.

756.

757.

758.

759.

760.

761.
762.

763.

764.
765.

768.

pain with resisted wrist

flexion

medial epicondylitis

pain with the first few steps in

the morning and heel pain at
night

plantar fasciitis

Painful, red, raised skin

lesions, seen in endocarditis

Osler Nodes

painless flashing lights and

floaters followed by curtain
like vision loss

retinal detachment

painless rectal bleeding in

infants

Meckels diverticulum

painless, indurated lesion

deep from the palpebral
margin (often secondary to
what)

chalazion (secondary to
chronic inflammation of
internal hordeolum)

pansystolic murmur

tricuspid regurgitation

pansystolic murmur best

heard at the apex, radiating to
the axilla

mitral regurgitation

parenchymal bullae and

subpleural blebs

emphysema

paresthesias in the
distribution of the ulnar nerve

medial epicondylitis

parotid enlargement "cotton

mouth"

Sjogrens syndrome

parrot beaked appearance

(dilated esophagus tapering to
the distal obstruction)

achalasia

partial or complete dislocation

of the hip in newborn

developmental dysplasia

patchy areas if hair loss with

fine scale and no inflammation

772.

773.

777.

778.

779.

780.

person dies after a broken neck

fracture of odontoid
process on the axis

781.

petechiae and ecchymosis

thrombocytopenia

801.

782.

PFTS of asthma

FEV/FVC <75%
increased RV and TLC

802.

783.

784.

785.

786.

787.

788.

789.

PFTs on COPD

pneumonia in water, hx of
diarrhea

Legionella

pneumonia with cystic

fibrosis

pseudomonas

pneumonia with diffuse,

bilateral, interstitial
infiltrates

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Pneumonia with GI
symptoms (diarrhea).

legionella

pneumonia with
hyponatremia and diarrhea

legionella

pneumonia with increased

lactate dehydrogenase

pneumocystis

pneumonia with mediastinal

or hilar lymphadenopathy

histoplama capsulatum
(looks like sarcoidosis)

pneumonia with sore

throat/hoarseness

chlamydia

pneumovac vaccine for

children and elderly

PPV- children age 2-5 or

adults >65

pneumovax vaccine for

infants

PCV- 4 doses for ages 6

weeks to 15 months

point tenderness over a

vertebral suggests?

fracture or osteomyelitis

811.

positive osmotic fragility test

dull to flat percussion

over the area of fluid
reduced or absent
breath sounds

G6PD deficiency
(hemolytic anemia with
oxidative drugs - sulfa,
nitrofurantoin, quinidine)

812.

Post MI

BB

decreased tactile
fremitus
hyperresonance
diminished breath
sounds

post splenectomy
pneumonia

encapsulated organisms
strep. pneumonia
Haemophilus

814.

posterior nose bleed

Woodruffs plexus

postmenopausal adnexal
mass

ovarian cancer

postmenopausal vaginal
bleeding

endometrial cancer

posttussive rales

classic for TB

potential complication of
humeral shaft fracture

radial nerve injury

preferred initial therapy for

hyperkalemia with minimal
ECG abnormalities (peaked
T waves)

inhaled B2 agonists
(albuterol) -drives K back
into the cell

Preferred initial tx in
symptomatic HOCM

BB: Metoprolol

preferred screening test for

thyroid hormone levels

Free T4 (not Total T4)

preferred study for DVT

duplex ultrasonography

increased Total lung

capacity
Decreased FEV1, Tidal
volume, Vital capacity,
FEV1/FVC ratio

pharmacologic therapy of choice

in males suffering from mildmoderate gynecomastia

SERM's (raloxifene or
tamoxifen)

phlebitis treatment

Elevation
Warm or cool
compress
NSAIDS

physical exam of lobar

pneumonia

physical exam of pleural

effusion

physical exam of pleural

effusion

physical exam of pneumothorax

flat percussion note

increased tactile
fremitus
increased breath
sounds
flat percussion note
decreased tactile
fremitus
decreased breath
sounds

pitting of the nails

psoriatic arthritis

pivoting motion during running,

jumping or cutting activities

ACL injury

792.

pleural thickening

mesothelioma

793.

Pleural thickening on CXR

Mesothelioma

794.

pneumonia and HIV/AIDS

p. jerovecii

pneumonia from nursing home

or chronic care facility

s. aureus

796.

pneumonia in children <1 year

RSV

797.

pneumonia in children <2 year

parainfluenza (croup)

798.

pneumonia in COPD

H. influenza

799.

pneumonia in smokers, COPD

h. influenza

790.
791.

795.

800.

803.

804.

805.

806.

807.

808.

809.

810.

813.

815.

816.

817.
818.

819.

820.

821.

822.

823.

824.

825.

826.

827.

828.

829.

830.

831.

832.

833.

preferred therapy for

hyperkalemia with moderate ECG
abnormalities (widening of the
QRS)

IV calcium

834.

Pregnant + rash

Rubella (give
vaccine after
delivery)

835.

Presentation of diastolic heart

failure

decreased
ventricular filling
due to decreased
ventricular
compliance.
EF: normal
S4
Apical lift

Presentation of Dilated
cardiomyopathy

Think systolic heart

failure. S3 and low
EF

Presentation of Hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy

Think diastolic
heart failure. S4 and
stiff left ventricle.
apical lift

Presentation of restrictive
cardiomyopathy

think diastolic heart

failure. S4 and thick
ventricle

presentation of systolic heart

failure

Decreased cardiac
output
Primary pump
failure
EF: <40%
S3
+/- displaced PMI

Presents 2-4 weeks after the onset

of breastfeeding with redness,
induration and tenderness to an
area of the breast? Dx? etiologic
agent? Tx?

Mastitis
S. aureus from the
infants oral pharynx
Dicloxacillin
(PCNase resistant
abx)

prevention of recurrence of
rheumatic fever

benzathine PCN
every 4 weeks

Primary action of ACEI

decrease production
of AGII (a powerful
arteriolar
constrictor)- leads to
decreased afterload

Primary carcinomas that mets to

bone include

prostate
breast
lung
kidney
thyroid

primary causes of bacterial meningitis

strep
pneumoniae
N. meningitidis
(petechial rash)
group b strep
(infants)

primary etiologic agent in

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

EBV

primary method for evaluation of

abnormal cytology smears

colposcopy

progressive proximal weakness

polymyositis

progressive, nonbilious, often

projectile vomiting occurs in a child
who remains hungry, presenting
between 4-6 weeks of age

pyloric stenosis

839.

prominent X descent of neck veins

cardiac
tamponade

840.

prominent Y descent of neck veins

constrictive
peridcarditis

pruritis and a malodorous, frothy,

yellow to greenish discharge. Rad
maculopapular lesions visible on the
cervix. dx and tx?

trichomoniasis.
single oral dose
of
metronidazole

pruritis, erythema of the vulva and

vagina, and a white curd like nonodorous discharge

vulvovaginal
candidiasis.
Single oral dose
of fluconazole

pseudoclaudication

spinal stenosis

psoriasis that spares the palms and

soles and arises after a strep
pharyngitis infection

guttate
psoriasis

pt presents with several episodes of

weakness and numbness of
extremeties that come on and acutely
resolve in 1-3 days. Imbalance in gait.
Dx? How to dx?

MS-multiple
demyelinating
lesions. MRI of
brain

pts taking atypical antidepressants

are at a higher risk of developing
what?

diabetes.
Monitor FBS
quarterly or
semiannually

pts taking INH should also take what

to prevent peripheral neuropathy

B6 (pyridoxine)

The pulmonary capillary wedge

pressure is an approximation of the
pressure in which structure?

Left atrium

849.

pulsus paradoxus

pericardial
tamponade,
airway
obstruction,
SVC syndrome

850.

Pulsus tardus

aortic stenosis

836.

837.
838.

841.

842.

843.
844.

845.

846.

847.

848.

851.

852.

853.

854.

855.

856.

857.

858.

859.

860.

861.

862.

863.

864.

purulent
discharge

gonorrhea

PZA side
effects

hepatitis
hyperuricemia

rabies
treatment

human rabies immune globulin (half dose

should be infiltrated into the wound and
the remainder IM) combined with human
diploid cell vaccine given IM in a separate
site using a different syringe. additional
doses of vaccine on days 3, 7, 14, & 28.

865.

rat bite erosoins on xray

psoriatic arthritis

866.

RBC cast

glomerular disease

recommended tx of restless
leg syndrome

dopamine agonists such

as pramipexole (mirapex)
or ropinirole (requip).

reduced visual acuity not

correctable by refractive
means

amblyopia

renal tubular epithelial casts

ischemic and nephrotic

renal failure

Respiratory distress that

occurs weeks to months after
mechanical ventilation

tracheal stenosis

restrictive pattern on PFT

decreased lung volume

with a normal to
increased FEV1/FVC ratio

Reticular to nodular pattern

on CXR

Coal miners lung

reverse 3 deformity on CXR

coarctation of the aorta

rhomboid-shaped calcium
pyrophosphate crystals

pseudogout

875.

rice water diarrhea

cholera (gray, turbid, and

without blood, pus, or
odor)

876.

RIF side effects

hepatitis
flu syndrome
orange body fluids

right or bilateral pleural

effusions

think CHF (transudate)

Risk of ACEI tx in nephritis

syndrome

hyperkalemia

risk of infection after

splenectomy

encapsulated organisms
pneumococcus
n.meningitides
h.influenza

880.

S1 heart sound

(M1 T1) Combined closure

of the mitral valve and
tricuspid valve

881.

S2 heart sound

(A2 P2) Combined closure

of the aortic and pulmonic
valve

882.

S3 heart sound

Rapid return of blood seen

in systolic CHF

883.

S4 gallop

diastolic failure

884.

S4 heart sound

stiff ventricle seen in

diastolic CHF or ischemia

885.

salmon colored sputum

S. aureus pneumonia

867.

868.

869.

radiculopathy,
+ spurling test

cervical herniated nucleus pulposus

radiograph of
OA

asymmetric narrowing, subchondral

sclerosis, cysts and marginal osteophytes

Radiograph of
osteomalacia

Milkman lines or Looser zones

(pseudofractures) are diagnostic

radiograph of
pseudogout

fine, linear calcifications in cartilage

(chondrocalcinosis)

872.

radiograph of
RA

soft-tissue swelling
juxta-articular demineralization

873.

radiographic
abnormalities
of the small
bowel in
Crohns
patients

cobblestone appearance
narrowing of the lumen with nodularity
string sign when narrowing is advanced

radiographic
findings in
ankylosing
spondylitis

sacroiliitis is an early finding.

bamboo appearance-radiographic
obliteration and marginal syndesmophyte
ossification of the paraspinal ligaments

radiographs
to dx SCFE?

Frog-leg view of both hips

Ransons
criteria

Leukocyte count >16,000

Blood glucose level >200
Lactase dehydrogenase >350
AST >250
Arterial PO2 <60
Base defecit <4
Calcium: falling
BUN: rising

870.

A rapid rising,
forceful pulse
that collapses
quickly is
found in what
most likely dx

Aortic regurgitation (Water-hammer or

Corrigans pulse)

rare potential
complication
of thiourea
drugs
(methimazole
& PTU)

agranulocytosis

871.

874.

877.

878.

879.

886.

887.

same side loss of motor

function, vibration and
proprioception below the
injury, with opposite side
loss of sensation to pain
and temp

Brown-sequard syndrome
(traumatic hemisection of
the spinal cord)

sarcoidosis multisystem
involvement

Lungs #1
Skin, eye, GI second most
common
can occur in almost in any
other organ
psoriatic arthritis

889.

sausage toes

reactive arthritis

890.

sausage-finger appearance

caused by arthritis and

tenosynovitis of the flexor
tendon in Psoriatic arthritis

Schizophrenia + symptoms
of a mood disorder

Schizoaffective

schizophrenia symptoms
for <6months

schizophreniform (there is
no impairment of social or
occupational functioning)

893.

scholars elbow

olecranon bursitis

894.

Secondary causes of HTN

CHAPS
Coarctation of the aorta
Hyperaldosteronism
(Conn's Syndrome)
Aortic dissection
Pheochromocytoma
Stenosis of the renal artery

895.

896.

897.

898.

899.

severe hypertriglyceridemia can cause

pancreatitis

severe trauma leads to immediate LOC

followed by a lucid interval

epidural
hematoma

shistocytes are noted in what type of

anemia?

hemolytic
anemia

shoulder in abduction and external

rotation

anterior
dislocation

shoulder in adduction and internal

rotation

posterior
dislocation
(rare- seen in
seizures)

906.

side effect of alpha blocker

postural
hypotension

907.

Side effects of EMB

Visual changes
optic neuritis

908.

Side effects of INH

Hepatotoxicity
Peripheral
neuropathy

909.

Side effects of PZA

Hepatotoxicity
GI upset
Gout

910.

Side effects of RIF

Hepatotoxicity
Red-orange
urine

911.

sign of RHF in infant

hepatomegaly

signs of hepatobiliary tract

obstruction

nausea,
anorexia,
pruritus, and
abdominal
pain.

skip lesions

crohns disease

SLE is most common in which ethnic

group

AA women

slow-growing thickening of the bulbar

conjunctiva

Pterygium

SLUD

cholinergics

small and medium artery

inflammation involving the skin,
kidney, peripheral nerves, muscle and
gut

polyarteritis
nodosa

small hemorrhagic lesions in the skin,

seen in endocarditis

Janeway
lesions

919.

smoking in regards to Crohns vs UC

Crohns - bad
UC - good

920.

softening of the cervix (sign)?

Goodells sign

902.

sausage finger appearance

892.

Arnold-Chiari

901.

888.

891.

severe headaches that are centered at

the back of the head and aggravated by
coughing, laughing or sneezing.

900.

secondary causes of
Restless leg syndrome

ADA
end-stage renal disease
parkinsons
pregnancy

seronegative arthritis that

presents with a tetrad of
urethritis, conjunctivitis,
oligoarthritis and mucosal
ulcers

Reiters syndrome (Reactive

arthritis)-often a sequelae
to STI (chlamydia) or
gastroenteritis (shigella,
salmonella, yersinia,
campylobacter)

several 1 to 4 cm oval
patches of hair loss with
smooth skin and short
stubs of new hair.

alopecia areata

severe acute vertigo,

hearing loss, and tinnitus
after a viral syndrome or
otitis

labyrinthitis

severe bone pain, followed

by dull, aching pain

pathologic fracture

903.

904.

905.

912.

913.
914.

915.

916.
917.

918.

921.

922.
923.

924.

925.

sounds of onset of
diastole

Closure of A2 and P2

sounds of systole

closure of M1 and T1

spelunkers pneumonia?
tx?

histoplasma (bird or bat

droppings)
Amphotericin B

spiking fevers, myalgias,

polyarthralgias and a
typical salmon-pink
maculopapular rash

Stills/JRA

sprain

injury to the ligament or

tendon

Sx of constrictive
cardiomyopathy

Right heart failure

sx's
fatigue
dyspnea
edema

symmetric anterior knee pain

that is worse after sitting and
going up stairs

chondromalacia
patella

syncope from prolonged,

motionless standing

neurocardiogenic
(vasovagal)

946.

syncope in an argument in a child

Long QT syndrome

947.

syncope while shaving

carotid sinus
hypersensitivity

systemic immune response 2-3

weeks following a B-hemolytic
strep pharyngitis

Rheumatic fever

systolic crescendo-decrescendo
ejection murmur in the left upper
sternal border that increases
with inspiration and radiates
diffusely

pulmonary stenosis

Systolic dysfunction

age <65
Dilated
cardiomyopathy
Valvular heart
disease
Displaced PMI
S3 gallop
CXR-pulmonary
congestion,
cardiomegaly
Q waves
EF- <50%

systolic ejection murmur heard

best at base with radiation to left
clavicle

pulmonary stenosis

systolic ejection murmur that

peaks mid-systole, heard best at
the second IC space with
radiation to the neck and apex.

aortic stenosis

systolic ejection murmur with

radiation to carotids and a soft
s2, hx of syncope.

aortic stenosis

systolic murmur heard best at

apex with radiation to axilla

mitral regurgitation

systolic murmur heard best at

apex without radiation

MVP (common in
female)

943.

944.

945.

sprain or tear of the

ulnar collateral ligament
of the thumb

Gamekeepers thumb

ST elevation persisting 2
weeks after an
infarction?

Ventricular aneurysm (most

often the result of an anterior
MI)

stiff neck and petechial

rash

neisseria meningitidis

stool positive for

leukocytes

shigellosis (tx with Bactrim)

930.

strain

injury to the bone-tendon unit

or muscle itself

931.

strep throat + rash

scarlet fever

932.

Streptomycin side effect

renal failure

933.

Stroke + Fever=

subacute endocarditis

stroke + fixed and widely

split S2 murmur

Patent foramen ovale

study of choice for occult

hip fracture

MRI

Subarachnoid
hemorrhage on ECG

Diffuse T wave inversions in

the precoridal leads

subclinical hypothyroid

elevated TSH, normal T4 and

Free T4

subdural hematoma on
CT

crescent-shaped, concave
hyperdensity that does not
cross the midline. (tx is
surgical evacuation if
symptomatic)

953.

sudden, painless,
unilateral loss of vision

central retinal artery occlusion

954.

sunburst appearance

osteosarcoma

955.

surgery in regards to
Crohns vs UC

Crohns- not curative

UC- curative (total
proctocolectomy)

956.

tea-colored urine

hepatitis

957.

tear drop heart

emphysema

swan neck and

boutonniere deformity

RA

tendon xanthomas, xanthelasma,

and arcus senilis

familial
hypercholesterolemia

926.

927.

928.

929.

934.

935.

936.

937.

938.

939.

940.
941.

942.

948.

949.

950.

951.

952.

958.

959.

tennis elbow

lateral epicondylitisworse with resisted

dorsiflexion of the wrist

960.

tennis elbow

lateral epicondylitis-pain
with resisted finger
extension.

test of choice for herpes

zoster

PCR or direct
immunofluoroscopy (not
Tzanck smear)

962.

Thiamine deficiency

Beriberi (alcoholics)

963.

Thiazide diuretics ADR

hypokalemia
metabolic acidosis
hyponatremia
hyperglycemia
hyperlipidemia
hyperuricemia
hypercalcemia

961.

Treatment of
chronic aflutter?

Control of ventricular rate is goalbeta blockers, calcium channel

blockers, and digoxin are commonly
used.

treatment of
epiglottitis in
adults? what type of
patient is it more
common in?

Admission, IV abx (ceftizoxime or

cefuroxime), and steroids
(dexamethasone). More common in
diabetics

treatment of
incompetent cervix
in the first
trimester?

cerclage

treatment of
influenza?

oseltamivir against influenza A and

B. (amantadine and ramantidine no
longer recommended. Zanamivir is
not rec in children under the age of 7)

triangular frontaltemporal recession

of har

androgenetic alopecia

troponin level
suggestive of MI

>0.04 ng/mL

Tx dresslers
syndrome

indomethacin (NSAIDS)

985.

tx for BB overdose

glucagon or IV drip of isoprotenerol

or epinephrine

986.

tx for CCB overdose

calcium chloride or glucagon

tx for digoxin
overdose

Digibind and dialysis

tx for myasthenia
gravis

cholinesterase inhibitor such as

pyridostigmine

tx of absence
seizures

ethosuximide or
valproic acid

Tx of active TB

RIPE for 2 months follwed by

INH/RIF for 4 months

tx of acute attack of
Crohns disease

prednisone +/- salicyclates.

Metronidazole or cipro is added if
perianal disease, fissures, or fistulae.

TX of acute
bronchiolitis if RSV
present

Hospitalization + ribavarin +
supportive measures

Tx of acute
epiglottitis

Intubate and supportive care

tx of acute
moderate
diverticulitis

Hospitalization with IV abx, bowel

rest and analgesia for pain. NGT if
ileus develops

978.

979.

980.

981.

982.

964.

thready carotid pulse

aortic stenosis

965.

Thrombophlebitis tx

low molecular weight

heparin x 1 week

thyroid cancer with laryngeal

nerve hoarsness

anaplastic- signifies
malignancy

tinnitus, vertigo, ataxia, and

brain stem dysfunction

acoustic neuroma

tissue found in the capsules

of organs, dermis and
periosteum of bone

dense, irregular
connective tissue

tissue found in the cornea,

certain ligaments and
tendons

dense, regular connective

tissue

tissue found in the

subcutaneous fascia, and
lamina propria of organs

loose, connective tissue

tissue of bone marrow, liver,

spleen, and lymph nodes

reticular connective tissue

990.

top 2 causes of Bells palsy

1. Herpes simplex
2. Herpes zoster (ramsey
hunt)

991.

top 3 most common fx's in

elderly

1. hip
2. wrist
3. shoulder

992.

tram track lung markings,

honeycombing and
atelectasis

bronchiectasis

993.

transmural lesions

Crohns disease

A transverse fx through the

growth plate (physis)

Salter Harris Type I

Travelers diarrhea

E.coli

966.

967.

968.

969.

970.

971.

972.

973.

974.

975.
976.

977.

983.

984.

987.

988.

989.

994.

995.

996.

997.

998.

999.

1000.

1001.

1002.

1003.

1004.

1005.

1006.

1007.

1008.

1009.

1010.

1011.

1012.

Tx of acute
pancreatitis

NOP to stop secretion of pancreatic

juices
Fluid vol must be restored and
maintained.
Parental hyperalimentation should be
started early to prevent nutritional
depletion

Tx of acute
rheumatic fever

strict bed rest

salicylates for fever and joint problems
IM PCN (erythromycin if PCN allergy)

tx of adynamic
ileus

restriction of oral intake and gradual

advancement of diet as bowl function
returns

Tx of cor
pulmonale

O2 and diuretics

tx of coumadin
overdose

FFP or Vit K

Tx of cushings
disease

transphenoidal resection of the pituitary

adenoma + hydrocortisone

Tx of dig toxicity

d/c digitalis

Tx of Dilated
cardiomyopathy

BB
Loop diuretic
ACEI
transplant

tx of diphtheria

Isiolation + horse serum antitoxin from

the CDC + PCN or erythromycin.
Contacts should be treated with
erythromycin. If not immunized-->
receive DtaP, tetanus and diptheria
toxoid (Td).

tx of displaced
scaphoid fx

Long-arm thumb spica + ortho referral

tx of ectopic
pregnancy?

methotrexate IM

Tx of
endocarditis

1st line: amoxicillin. (use clindamycin if

PCN allergy)

Tx of ETOH
overdose

dialysis

tx of exudative
pleural effusion

drainage and may require pleurodesis

with doxycycline or talc.

tx of fungal
pneumonia

itraconazole or fluconazole

TX of guillainbarre syndrome

admit to ICU pending resp failure

plasmapheresis and IVIG are first line.

tx of Guillian
Barre

plasmapheresis
IVIG

1027.

TX of h. pylori

PPI + clarithromycin and amoxicillin

(sometimes can add metronidazole)
or
bismuth salicylate + tetracycline +
metronidazole + PPI

1028.

tx of HAP

Cefepime
ticarcillin/clavulanic acid
piperacillin/tazobactam (zosyn)
meropenem

1029.

TX of hep C

interferon a-2a or a-2b with ribavirin

tx of Heparin
overdose

protamine sulfate

tx of
Hirschsprungs
disease

decompression of the colon, sometimes

colostomy of complete colonic resection
may be required

TX of HOCM

Verapamil
Bblocker

1013.

1014.

1015.

1016.
1017.

1018.

TX of afib while
hyperthyroid

afib is not likely to convert while

hyperthyroid.
can use Digoxin in large doses and
BBlockers with caution. Anticoagulation
with warfarin.

Tx of
alzheimers?
ADR?

Need to increase cholinergic

transmission in the brain with
cholinesterase inhibitors (donepexilaricept). ADR: include N/V/D

Tx of AMI or
CMI

surgical revascularization + hydration

Tx of aortic
dissection

Nitroprusside + BBlocker(labetolol or
esmolol) + urgent surgery

tx of aspirin
overdose

sodium bicarb

1023.

tx of benzo
overdose

flumazenil

1024.

tx of carcinoid
tumor

surgical excision- resistant to

rad/chemo

Tx of central vs
nephrogenic
diabetes
insipidus

central: DDAVP
nephrogenic: salt restriction and water
intake

tx of choice for
anthrax

cipro or other fluroquinolone

Tx of chronic aflutter

amiodarone or dofetilide

Tx of chronic
afib

procainamide + warfarin

Tx of cocaine
induced HTN

labetalol

Tx of cocaine
overdose

benzodiazepine

Tx of colonic
polyps

removal with histological evaluation to

determine dysplasia

tx of
constrictive
cardiomyopathy

pericardial stripping

1019.

1020.

1021.

1022.

1025.

1026.

1030.

1031.

1032.

Tx of HOCM

diuretics
BB or CCB

tx of humerus fx if
involving the neck

ORIF

Tx of hyaline
membrane disease

antenatal corticosteroids
exogenous surfactant
ventilation support

TX of IBS that can

potentiate CNS
symptoms with
alcohol use

Bentyl (dicyclomine)

Tx of Idiopathic
pulmonary fibrosis

corticosteroids
oxygen
lung transplant

tx of impetigo

mupirocin

Tx of infective
endocarditis

Vancomycin + ceftriaxone

tx of influenza A
pneumonia

combo zanamivir and oseltamivir

1041.

Tx of influenza A&B

Zanamavir or Oseltamavir
(amantadine and ramantadine tx
only A)

1042.

tx of labyrinthitis

meclizine
promethazine
dimenhydrinate

TX of Latent TB
infection (LTBI)

INH for 9 months or

RIF for 4 months or
RIF + PZA for 2 months

1033.

1034.

1035.

tx of orbital
cellulitis

hospitalization and IV abx then

followed by PO abx
IV: ampicillin-sulbactam,
Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone,
piperacillin-tazobactam,
Vancomycin (if MRSA suspected)
PO: Augmentin

tx of otitis media if
PCN allergy

erythromycin or clarithromycin

1056.

tx of pagets disease

bisphosphonates
Nasal calcitonin-salmon is an
alternative tx

1057.

tx of parkinsons

levodopa and anticholinergics

(amantadine)
dopamine agonists (bromocriptine)

tx of Parkinsons,
prolactinomas and
RLS

dopamine agonists

1059.

Tx of PE

anticoagulation with heparin for a

minimum of 3 months

1060.

Tx of PE

initial heparin then long term

coumadin

Tx of perianal/peri-rectal
absecess

WASH regimen
warm-water cleansing
Analgesics
stool softeners
High-fiber diet
+ surgical drainage

tx of pertussis

erythromycin (macrolides)

Tx of
pertussis(whooping
cough)

clairithromycin or azithromycin or
bactrim

Tx of
phenylketonuria

low-phenylalanine diet and tyrosine

supplementation

tx of pleural
effusion

thoracetesis

Tx of
pneumothorax:
small vs large vs
tension vs chronic

small= <15% -> 100% oxygen

Large=chest tube
Tension=Needle decompression (2
ICS MCL)
Chronic= VATS/Pleurodesis (Talc
powder/abx)

tx of polymyalgia
rheumatica

low-dose prednisone

tx of polymyalgia
rheumatica

low-dose steroids (high dose if GCA

present)

1069.

tx of polymyositis

high-dose steroids, methotrexate

and azathioprine

1070.

tx of pseudogout

NSAIDS
colchicine
intra-articular steroid injections

1054.

1055.
1036.

1037.

1038.

1058.
1039.

1040.

1043.

1044.

tx of mallory weiss
tear

most are self limiting, but

endoscopic injection of lidocaine
or thermal coagulation may be
required.

tx of Menieres dz

salt restriction
diuretics

tx of mild
diverticulitis

low-residue diet and broad

spectrum antibiotics

tx of minimally
displaced C1 fracture

cervical collar immobilization

tx of moderately
displaced C1 fracture

Halo vest application

tx of mycoplasma
pneumonia

Azithromycin

tx of mycoplasma
pneumonia

doxycycline

tx of neonate
bacterial meningitis

ampicillin + cefotaxime

tx of nondisplaced
scaphoid fx

short-arm thumb spica + ortho

referral

Tx of opiate overdose

naloxone

1061.

1062.
1063.

1064.
1045.

1065.
1046.

1066.
1047.

1048.

1049.

1050.

1051.

1052.

1053.

1067.

1068.

1071.

1072.
1073.

1074.

1075.

1076.

1077.

1078.

1079.

1080.

1081.

1082.

1083.

1084.

tx of psoriatic
arthritis

NSAIDs + methotrexate

1090.

tx of RA

NSAID + DMARD(methotrexate)

Tx of raynauds
syndrome

CCBs

Tx of reactive
arthritis

PT + NSAIDS

tx of refractory
Crohns

Infliximab

Tx of resistant
schizophrenia,
need to do CBC

Clozaril, can cause agranulocytosis

1094.

TX of restless
leg syndrome

dopamine agonists or ropinirole(requip)

or pramipexole (mirapex)

1095.

Tx of
sarcoidosis

steroids if symptomatic

Tx of SIADH

restrict fluid
demeclocycline
tolvaptan(refractory cases)

Tx of sjogrens

TX of SLE

Tx of zollinger ellison
syndrome

PPI or surgical removal

of gastrinoma

1091.

Tx to terminate PSVT

IV adenosine
PO verapamil

1092.

Tx warfarin overdose

Vit K

type of esophageal cancer

correlated with chronic
alcohol and tobacco more
common in african american

squamous cell
carcinoma

type of esophageal cancer

more common in whites in
their 50's - 70's

adenocarcinoma

type of lung cancer in smokers

Non-small cell:
Squamous cell
or Small Cell

type of lung cancer that can

cause Cushings syndrome

small cell-ACTH
producing tumor

Type of pacemaker that only

function when the ventricular
rate falls below a preset
interval?

VVI Ventricular
inhibited

type of shunt in Tetralogy of

fallot

right to left due to right

ventricular outflow
obstruction

typical bacterial pneumonia

* present with lobar

consolidation
strep. pneumonia
S. aureus
Group A strep

unable to comprehend verbal

or written language

wernickes aphasia of
the posterior part of the
superior temporal gyrus

underlying cause of
esophageal varices

portal htn (caused by

cirrhosis from alcohol
abuse or chronic
hepatitis)

Urinary changes in untreated

CHF

High urinary specific

gravity, nocturia,
daytime oliguria, low
urinary sodium content.

uterine body and cervix can be

easily flexed against one
another (sign)?

McDonalds sign

vaccine CI in AIDs patients

Herpes zoster live

valve most often affected in

rheumatic valve disease

mitral valve

valvulopathy associated with

coarctation of the aorta

Bicuspid aorta valve

vasoconstriction distal to PE

Westermark sign

1093.

1096.

ocular: cyclosporine
xerostomia: pilocarpine
hydroxychloroqguine (plaquenil) and
steroids for pain and inflammation
NSAIDs for musculoskeletal complaints
Antimalarials (hydroxychloroquine or
quinacrine) may be used for
musculoskeletal complaints and
cutaneous manifestations

tx of stasis
dermatitis

wet compress
hydrocortisone cream

Tx of
suspected
scaphoid
fracture

should be treated as a fracture even if there

isn't radiographic evidence. Use long-arm
thumb spica cast until bone scan or MRI

Tx of tourette
tics

dopamine receptor antagonists

(fluphenazine, pimozide)

tx of
transudate
pleural
effusion

tx underlying disorder

Tx of tylenol
overdose

N-acetyl cysteine

tx of viral
conjunctivitis

eye lavage with saline/artificial tears bid

for 7-14 days. warm to cool compress

tx of viral
pneumonia

neuraminidase inhibitors:
inhaled zanamivir or
oral oseltamivir

1097.

1098.

1099.

1100.

1101.

1102.
1085.

1103.
1086.

1087.

1088.

1089.

tx of Vtach

lidocaine
procainamide
amiodarone

1104.
1105.

1106.

1107.

1108.

1109.

1110.

1111.

1112.

1113.

ventricular afterload is increased

in what type of patients

HTN
aortic stenosis

vertigo without hearing loss

vestibular
neuronitis

Very high temp that develops

shortly after the onset of
anesthetic (halothane or
succinycholine)? what is tx?

malignant
hyperthermia. IV
dantrolene

viral conjunctivitis in swimming

pools

epedemic
keratoconjunctivitis

virus thought to be associated

with pityriasis rosea

human herpes virus

7

vision changes in epidural

hematoma

ipsilateral
hemiparesis
blown pupil (fixed
and dilated
ipsilateral pupil)

vision changes in subdural

hematoma

contralateral
hemiparesis

1115.

Vit A toxicity

hair loss

1116.

Vit C def.

scurvy

1117.

Vit D def.

ricketts

1118.

Vit D deficiency in adults

osteomalacia

1119.

Vit D deficiency in children

Ricketts

1120.

Vit E deficiency

decreased
proprioception

volar displacement of the bone

fragment

Smiths fracture

volume overloading of the left

ventricle

aortic insufficiency

WBC casts

pyelonephritis

weakening of the epiphyseal plate

of the femur, resulting in
displacement of the femoral hear

SCFE

weakness and fatigability of

affected muscles, improves with
rest

mysasthenia gravis

weakness of Empty can test

indicates

supraspinatus tear

what 3 bones comprises the

orbital floor

zygomatic
palatine
maxillary

1114.

1121.

1122.

1123.
1124.

1125.

1126.

1127.

1128.

what are metabolic causes of SCFE

1129.

1130.

1131.

1132.

1133.

1134.

1135.

1136.

1137.

1138.

1139.

hypothyroidism
hypopituitarism
1140.

what are signs of gastric

adenocarcinoma mets

Virchows nodesupraclavicular
lymphadenopathy
Sister Mary Joseph Noduleumbillical nodule

what are some extraintestinal manifestations

of UC

scleritis & episcleritis

arthritides
sclerosing cholangitis
skin manifestations
(erythema nodosum and
pyoderma gangrenosum)

what are some secondary

causes of osteoporosis

hyperthyroidism
hyperparathyroidism
Cushings syndrome
hematologic disorders
malignancy
Vit D deficiency

what are the 2 most

common malignant
causes of superior vena
cava syndrome

small cell carcinoma

Hodgkins lymphoma

what are the 4

components of Tetralogy
of Fallot?

VSD, RVH, ventricular

outflow obstruction, overriding aorta.

what are the hallmark

signs of carcinoid
syndrome

cutaneous flushing (most

common)
diarrhea
wheezing
hypotension

what are the main clinical

features of esophageal
cancer

progressive dysphagia for

solid foods assoc with
marked weight loss.
(heartburn, vomiting and
hoarseness may occur)

what are the most

common benign
neoplasms of the uterus
and are composed of
smooth muscle cells

uterine leiomyomas(fibroids)

what are the most

common fracture sites in
Type II osteoporosis

hip
pelvis

what are the most

common fracture sites of
Type I osteoporosis

vertebrae
hip
distal radius

what are the most

common neoplasms of the
appendix

carcinoid tumors

what are the non-cyanotic

heart defects

the 3 D's
VSD (most common)
ASD
PDA

1141.

1142.

1143.

1144.

1145.

1146.

1147.

1148.

1149.

1150.

1151.

1152.

what are the serologic

screening rests for Celiac
disease

IgA antiendomysial and

antitissue transglutaminase
antibodies

what are the T-scores for

DEXA scan diagnosis of
osteoporosis

> -1 normal
-1 to -2.4 low bone mass
<-2.5 osteoporosis

what are triggers for

trigeminal neuralgia (tic
douloureux)

touch, movement such as

talking or chewing, cold
drafts.

what are usually elevated

in RA

Rheumatoid factor
anti-CCP
ESR
CRP

what can be done to reduce

the symptoms of PCOS?

weight loss

what can be given to

prevent delerium tremens
in an alcoholic withdrawl

benzodiazepine

what can be used as

markers for progression of
SLE

antibodies to Smith antigen

dsDNA
depressed levels of serum
complement

what can be used for early

detection of acute
osteomyelitis

ultrasound

what can be used to

suppress GH secretion

octeotride

what can cause a false

negative PPD

AIDS

what can cause a false

positive PPD

BCG immunization

what can cause Kussmauls

sign

Right ventricular infarct,

constrictive pericarditis,
DKA, metabolic acidosis

what can exacerbate

bleeding of esophageal
varices

NSAIDs (hepatic vein

obstruction)

what can polyarteritis

nodosa be assoc with in up
to 30% of patients

Hep B

what can precipitate

Vtach/toursades de points
in a patient with
congenital long QT?

activation of the
sympathetic nervous system
(physical exercise,
argument, emotional upset)

what can slow the

progression of macular
degeneration

injections of monoclonal
antibody (anti-VEGF)vascular endothelial growth
factor

what can the hand grip

excercise find on cardiac
exam?

decrease HOCM, increase

an S3 or S4.

1158.

1159.

1160.

1161.

1162.

1163.

1164.

1165.

1166.

1167.

1168.
1153.

1169.
1154.

1155.

1156.

1157.

1170.

1171.

what can you give to

decrease hepatoxicity of
methotrexate tx

folic acid

What can you take for

prophylaxis if you
require daily NSAIDs

misoprostol or PPI

what cancers most

commonly mets to bone

prostate
breast
lung
kidney
thyroid

what causes
hyperpigmentation in
Addisons

increase ACTH secretion

what causes
hyperpigmentation in
Addisons disease?

increased production of
ACTH.

What causes increased

intensity of the second
heart sound?

Pulmonary hypertension
(pulmonary stenosis causes
decreased second heart sound)

what causes symptoms

of Meniers disease

distention of the
endolymphatic compartment
of the inner ear

what causes Type A

gastritis

autoimmune disorders
(pernicious anemia) and other
noninfectious factors, involves
the body of the stomach

what complication can

develop from lithium
therapy

Nephrogenic diabetes
insipidus

what differentiates
myasthenic syndrome
from myasthenia gravis

sustained muscle contraction

leads to increased power
(whereas MG leads to
increased muscle fatigue).

what do carcinoid
tumors synthesize, store
and release

serotonin and bradykinin

what do most patients

with chronic adrenal
insufficiency who take
prednisone must also
take?

a mineralcorticoid
(fludrocortisone) for
hypovolemia-tx orthostatic
hypotension and
hyperkalemia

what does a fern pattern

on cervical mucosa
indicate

that ovulation has not

occurred. Estrogen causes the
fern pattern. If ovulation with
progesterone inhibits the fern
affect

what does a plasma level

of less than 20 suggest

adrenal tumor. Higher levels

suggest pituitary or ectopic
production.

1172.

1173.

1174.

1175.

1176.

1177.
1178.

1179.

1180.

1181.

1182.

1183.

what does displacement of the anterior

fat pad and presence of a posterior fat
pad imply?

presence of a
hemarthrosis

What does PFT show in sarcoidosis

restrictive
pattern

what enzymes will be elevated in

polymyositis

CPK and
aldolase

what features should prompt

hospitalization for CAP

neutropenia
more that one
lobe involved
poor host
resistance
age >50 with
comorbidities
hemodynamic
instability
altered mental
status

what findings on retinal exam are

indicative of uncontrolled chronic
hypertension

cotton wool
spots and AV
nicking

What gene is detected on PCR of CML

bcr/abl gene

what hormone rises briefly after a

seizure and can be the difference
between a pseudoseizure

serum
prolactin

what indicates active Hepatitis

infection that is highly contagious

Hep B
envelope
antigen
(HBeAg)
(Hep B
envelope
antibody
(anti-HBe)

what indicates acute hepatitis

Hep B core
antibody
(anti-HBc)

what indicates an ongoing Hep B

infection

HBsAg

what indicates immunity to a past

infection or vaccination of Hep B

Anti-HBs

what indicates resolves Hep A

HAV IgG

what inherited disorders can cause

chronic hepatitis

Wilsons
disease
Alpha 1 antitrypsin
deficiency

1187.

1188.

1189.

1190.

1191.

1192.

1193.

1194.

1195.
1184.

1185.

what is a common complication of a

posterior hip dislocation

osteonecrosis
of the femoral
head

what is a complication of tricuspid

endocarditis

lung abscess

1196.

1197.
1186.

what is a
volvulus

twisting of any portion of the bowel on

itself, most commonly the sigmoid or
cecal area, requiring emergent
decompression to avoid ischemic injury.

what is absent
in
Hirschsprungs
disease

Meissners and Auerbachs autonomic

plexuses enervating the bowel

what is an
emergency in
chemotherapy
therapy?

Tumor lysis syndrome-massive lysis of

tumor cells with resultant release of K and
phosphate and the development of
hyperuricemia --> can cause
accumulation of uric acid crystals in the
kidney and lead to kidney failure

what is an HIV
patient at risk
for when CD4
count is less
than 50?
prophy tx?

Mycobacterium avium complex. Tx with

Azithromycin

what is an HIV
patient at risk
for when CD4
count is less
than 100?
prophy tx?

cytomegalovirus infection. Tx with

Ganciclovir

what is an HIV
patient at risk
for when CD4
count is less
than 200?
prophy tx?

pneumocystis infections. Tx with TMPSMX

what is are
possible
complications
of a
supracondylar
humerus
fracture

volkmanns ischemic contractures (injury

to brachial artery injury)
injuries to all three nerves

what is BuddChiari
syndrome

thrombosis of the portal vein, leading to

esophageal varices

what is
carcinoid
syndrome

liver metastasis

What is
considered a
positive Stress
Test result for
angina

ST-segment depression of 1mm (0.1mv)

what is
considered
diagnostic in
chronic gout

tophi (chalky deposits of urate crystals)

1198.

1199.

1200.

1201.

1202.

1203.

1204.

1205.

1206.

1207.

1208.

1209.

what is CREST
syndrome

calcinosis
raynauds phenomenon
esophageal dysfunction
sclerodactyly
telengiectasis

1210.

1211.

what is Ebstein
anomaly

tricuspid valve displacement into the

right ventricle. Caused by maternal
ingestion of lithium.

What is elevated
in all B12
defeciency states

serum MMA

What is elevated
in sarcoidosis

Calcium (hypercalcemia)
ACE 4x's elevated
ESR

1215.

What is
increased in
diastolic heart
failure

afterload

1216.

What is
increased in
systolic heart
failure

preload

what is involved
in transposition
of the great
vessels and what
is needed to
survive

complete transposition of the aorta and

pulmonary artery (septal defect or PDA
is needed to survive).

what is mortons
neuroma

traction of the interdigital nerve agains

the transverse metatarsal ligament
causing degeneration of the nerve and
chronic inflammation (usually affects
the 3rd web space and a mass is often
palpable)

what is most
common
hypercoagulable
state

Factor V deficiency

What is one of
the most
sensitive test to
determine the
extent of an
infarction

MRI with gadolinium

what is Potts
disease

TB of the spine that causes progressive

kyphosis (the spine is the most common
extrapulmonary site of TB)

1222.

what is present
between the
disappearance
of HBsAg and
the appearance
of anti-HBs

anti-HBc

1223.

1212.

1213.

1214.

1217.

1218.

1219.

1220.

1221.

1224.

what is scheuermanns disease

juvenile kyphosisosteochondrosis of the

thoracic spine

what is seen on wet mount of

BV?

clue cells

what is seen on wet mount of

trichomoniasis?

motile flagellate
protozoans

what is seen on wet mount of

vulvovaginal candidiasis?

budding yeast cells,

filaments and spores

What is short term sarcoidosis

that spontaneously called

Lofgrens syndrome

what is Swan Ganz

normal left arterial

pressure in ARDS

what is the best imaging

modality to differentiate
between ischemic vs
hemorrhagic stroke in the
acute phase

CT

what is the combo tx of H.

pylori

amoxicillin,
clairithromycin, and a
PPI (if pt allergic to
PCN, can sub
metronidazole).

what is the criteria of

metabolic syndrome

3 or more of the
following
1. central obesity (waist
circumfrence
>40inches in men, >35
in women.
2. triglycerides >150
3. HDL<40 in men <50
in women
4. elevated blood
pressure
5. fasting blood glucose
>100

what is the displacement of the

epiphysis in SCFE

posterior and medial

displacement

what is the displacement of the

femoral head in SCFE

posterior and medial

displacement

what is the goal of Hep C

therapy

reduction of viral RNA

to undetectable at 6
months post therapy

what is the initial step in the

pathogenesis of
atherosclerosis

development of a fatty
streak

what is the initial tx of acute

angle closure glaucoma

aimed at pupillary
constriction: topical
pilocarpine

what is the loss of motion with

legg-calve perthes disease

internal rotation and

abduction

1225.

1226.

1227.

1228.

1229.

1230.

1231.

1232.

1233.

1234.

1235.

1236.

1237.

1238.

1239.

what is the mechanism of atrial

flutter

right artrial macroreentry

what is the most common atrial

septal defect

ostium secundum

What is the most common cause

of a positive abdominojugular
reflux (normal JVP at rest,
increases during 10 seconds of
firm midabdominal pressure,
and only drops when pressure is
released)

right-sided heart
failure

what is the most common

complication of diabetes

neuropathy

what is the most common

condition causing neck pain

spondylosis
(degenerative
changes in the neck)

what is the most common

deformity of the MTP joint

hallux valgus (lateral

deviation of the
proximal phlanxgreater than 15 deg is
abnormal

what is the schedule of

DTaP immunization

baseline(2 months), 2 months

and 4 months later

what is the schedule of

Hep B immunization

baseline(birth) then 1 month

and 6 months later

what is the termed used

to describe a chronic
complication of an
abscess

fistula

what is the test used to

confirm the presence of
Zollinger Ellison
syndrome

Secretin test- patients are

given 2U/kg IV of secretin and
gastrin levels will increase
>200

What is the treament of

Primary sclerosing
cholangitis

Ursodiol and endoscopic

management of stricture
liver transplant is the only
treatment with a known
survival benefit

1245.

what is the virus of EBV

human herpes 4 transmitted

by saliva

1246.

what is Virchow's node

Supraclavicular LAD (L>R),

metastatic abdominal cancer

what is vision like in a pt

with macular
degeneration. What can
it be measured with?

Metamorphopsia is the
phenomenon of wavy or
distorted vision and can be
measured with an Amsler grid.

What lab finding do you

have with PCP
pneumonia

Elevated LDH

what lab findings in stool

denote an inflammatory
process

WBCs

What lab should you

check when starting
Lithium therapy

BUN/CR q 2-3 months for first

6 months, then avery 6-12
months.

what lab testing will

confirm hashimotos
thyroiditis autoimmune
disease

antithyroid peroxidase
antithyroglobulin antibodies

what may be elevated in

hepatic carcinoma

AFP

what med can be given to

close a PDA

indomethacin

what med can cause

pyloric stenosis in an
infant

macrolides (clarithromycin)

what med can worsen

claudication

Bblockers

what med could cause

wheezing and cough in a
pt with asthma

beta blockers

1240.

1241.

1242.

1243.

1244.

what is the most common extranodal site for non-hodgkins

lymphoma

stomach

what is the most common lab

finding in gastric
adenocarcinoma

IDA

what is the most common

primary malignant bone tumor?
second?

1. multiple myeloma
2. osteosarcoma

what is the most infection stage

of pertussis

catarrhal stageinsidious onset of

sneezing, coryza,
loss of appetite,
malaise with
hacking cough at
night. Often
misdiagnoses as URI

1247.

1248.

what is the most prevalent form

of primary osteoporosis

Type 1
postmenopausal

what is the most sensitive

imaging modality for
pancreatitis

ERCP

what is the most spastic artery in

the body

brachial artery

what is the preferred approach

to recurrent SVT

radiofrequency
ablation

what is the preferred tx of

permanent control of
hyperthyroidism. who is it
contraindicated in?

Radioactive iodine
(131I) ablation.
CI in pregnant
patients-surgery is
preferred.

1249.

1250.

1251.

1252.

1253.

1254.

1255.

1256.

1257.

1258.

1259.

1260.

1261.

1262.

1263.

1264.

1265.

1266.

1267.

1268.

1269.

1270.

1271.

1272.

what med should be administered

to a pt with Type 1 VWF to control
bleeding BEFORE a surgical
procedure?

intranasal
desmopressin
acetate

what med should you give

prophylactically when giving
chemo

allopurinol (tumor
lysis syndrome)

what medications can cause

pancreatitis

HIV antiretroviral
meds

what meds can exacerbate

psoriasis

lithium
bblockers
anti-malarials

1273.

1274.

1275.

What meds can increase serum

Lithium concentrations

HCTZ
Metronidazole
NSAIDS (except
ASA)

what motor nerve root evaluates

strength of ankle and great toe
dorsiflexion

L5

what must be ruled out in

polymyalgia rheumatica

Giant cell arteritis

what must you do while initiating

anti-malarial meds

eye exam- can

damage rods and
cones

1276.

1277.

1278.

1279.

what nerve root is tested by

evaluating ankle reflexes and
sensation at the posterior calf and
lateral foot

S1-weakness of
plantar flexion

what other comorbidities are

berry aneurysms associated with

polycystic kidney
disease
coarctation of the
aorta

what phase is first half of

menstrual cycle?

proliferative estrogen
predominant

1280.

1281.

What phase is the second half of

menstrual cycle?

secretoryprogesterone
predominant.
occurs only after
ovulation.

What should be avoided in acute

diverticultis

barium enema-may
cause perforation
and peritonitis

what should be considered in

adults with dermatomyositis

underlying
malignancy

what should not be administered

to pts with acute angle closure
glaucoma

atropine
(mydriatics)

What should you avoid a few days

post MI

corticosteroids-can
predispose to
ventricular wall
rupture

1282.

1283.

1284.

1285.

1286.

1287.

what should you screen

patients for with Lichen
planus

Hep C

what size corneal

abrasion needs patching
and for how long

>5 to 10mm
no longer than 24hours

what test is diagnostic

for Addison's

simplified cosyntropin
stimulation test. A serum
cortisol rise of more than 20
after administration of
cosyntropin is normal.

what test is done to r/o a

achilles tendon rupture

Thompson test

what test is helpful in

detecting a meniscal tear

McMurrays and Apleys

what test is used in

Sjogrens to test the
lacrimal gland. What is a
positive test

Schirmers test. wetting of less

than 5 mm of filter paper
placed in the lower eyelid for 5
min is positive for decreased
secretions

what type of anemia is

seen in psoriatic
arthritis

normocytic normochromic

what type of bone is

affected in Type I
osteoporosis

trabecular bone

what type of bone is

affected in Type II
osteoporosis

trabecular and cortical

what type of COPD

presents with tachypnea,
use of accessory muscles
and diminished breath
sounds

Emphysema

what type of heart failure

is HOCM

Diastolic

what type of leukemia

presents with bleeding
into the skin and mucosa
or overwhelming
infection.

ALL

what type of overdose

leads to a high anion gap
acidosis?

aspirin overdose

what type of patients are

at high risk for
epiglottitis

diabetics

what type of shoulder

problem is common in
diabetics

adhesive capsulitis (frozen

shoulder)

1288.

1289.

1290.

1291.

1292.

1293.

1294.
1295.

1296.

1297.

1298.

1299.

1300.

1301.

1302.

1303.

1304.

what type of shunt is in cyanotic

congenital heart disease

right to left

1305.

what type of tissue is found in the

yellow ligaments of the vertebral
column and walls of hollow organs,
such as large arteries

elastic connective
tissue

1306.

what vaccine should COPD

patients get

pneumococcal and
influenza yearly

what valve is affected in IVDA

endocarditis

tricuspid

what valve is most commonly assoc

with IVDA endocarditis

tricuspid

what will scaphoid avascular

necrosis look like on radiograph

ground-glass
appearance of the
proximal pole or
increased bone
density

wheezing, prolonged expiration

asthma

when does a scaphoid fracture

require ORIF

displacement
>1mm

1312.

when is a posterior dislocation?

what is seen on xray

seizures and
electrocution
light bulb sign

1313.

1307.

1308.

1309.

1310.

1311.

When is AFP measured? why

16-18wks, neural
tube defects

when placing a pt on
hydroxychloroquine (plaquenil)
for SLE, what exam must you
perform?

retinal exams.
caution for retinal
toxicity (rare but
dose dependent)

When should family members of

pts with familial polyposis
syndrome be monitored

every 1-2 years

beginning at age
10-12

when should thrombolytics be

administered in an acute MI

if cardiac cath is
>90min or not
available.

when to hospitalize in acute

bronchiolitis

O2 sats <95% by
pulse ox on RA
Age younger than
3 months
RR >70
Atelectasis on
Chest X-Ray

1317.

where are anal fissures most

commonly found

posterior midline

1319.

where are most gastrinomas found

pancreas or
duodenum

1320.

where do you find increased alpha

feto protein

hepatocellular
carcinoma
germ cell tumor of
the testes
neural tube defect

1314.

1315.

1316.

1318.

1321.

where does coarctation

mostly occur

proximal thoracic aorta (just

below the left subclavian
artery)

where does spondylosis

most commonly occur

C5-6

where does the injury

occur in cauda equina

L4-L5

where is the most

common site of bony
metastasis

spine

which abx may prolong

QT interval?

macrolides and some

fluoroquinolones

which heart lesion is

considered high risk for
development of infectious
endocarditis?

VSD

which NSCLC can be

detected through sputum
cytology?

squamous cell carcinoma bc

it presents with hemoptysis

which thyroid cancer has

high serum calcitonin and
CEA

medullary carcinoma

which type of diabetes is

at more risk for renal
disease

Type I

which type of lung cancer

has the highest survival
rate

bronchoalveolar cell
carcinoma- a subtype of
adenocarcinoma

which type of lung cancer

is ctyologic exam of
sputum diagnostic?

squamous cell

which type of thyroid

cancer causes flushing,
diarrhea, fatigue and
Cushings syndrome

Medullary carcinoma

Why do a CT for orbital

cellulitis

Check for underlying

subperiosteal abscess or
sinusitis

Why do ACEI cause a

cough

they increase bradykinins

(ARBs do not increase
bradykinins therefore do not
cause a cough)

why do anorexic pts have

amenorrhea

decreased secretion of GnRH

why does graves dz cause

hyperthryroidism

autoantibodies attach to TSH

receptors and cause
hyperfunction of thyroid
(TSH receptor antibodies)

why is anorexia and

weight loss assoc with
gastric ulcer?

because pain worsens with

food

why is local spread of esophageal cancer to the mediastinum

common?

bc the esophagus has no serosa

1323.

widened pulse pressure

aortic insufficiency

1324.

widening of the softened area of the isthmus (sign)?

Hegars sign

with standing most murmurs diminish, what are two exceptions?

Same for valsalva

HOCM-gets louder. MVP-gets longer and louder.

1326.

XXY

Klinefleters (hypogonadism)

1327.

young person with MI or angina

most likely congenital artery aneurysm or congenital

cardiac anomaly

1322.

1325.