BLOOD COAGULATION TEST
EXAMINATION USES METHODS NURSING
CONSIDERATION
PT/INR • Used to monitor patients taking warfarin • Venipuncture
Internal Normalize Ratio/ • May also indicate Vitamin K deficiency in
Prothrombine Time various blood clotting factors
APTT or PTT • Measures all the coagulation reactions that • Venipuncture
Activated partial occur inside the body except platelet
Thromboplastin time aggregation
Use to monitor patients on heparin therapy
• Assess the integrity of platelet function • Three small scratches are made on the No special preparation
Bleeding Time patient’s skin and then the time it takes for needed.
the bleeding to stop is recorded.
Platelet aggregation • Measures the rate and degree to which the • A material is added on the blood sample
platelet form clamps. that stimulates aggregation
Plasma Thrombin Time • Allows quick analysis of how much fibrinogen • Amounts of bovine (cattle) thrombin are
is in the blood. added to a sample of blood that has very
few platelets.
Plasma Fibrinogen • Measures levels of fibrinogen in the blood • Venipuncture
BLOOD SUGAR TESTS
EXAMINATION USES METHODS NURSING
CONSIDERATION
FBS • Measures the amount of sugar in the blood • Venipuncture • Fasting at least eight
Fasting blood Sugar hours or overnight
RBS • Measures the blood sugar at any point in time • Venipuncture • No special procedure
Random blood sugar • Capillary puncture
OGTT • Measures the body’s response to sugar • Fasting blood sugar is measured • Client must eat normally
Oral Glucose first the client should drink a and be in good health
Tolerance test sugary solution
A1C • Gauges how well the client is managing his/her • Venipuncture
Gycosylated diabetes and Reflects average blood sugar for the
hemoglobin Tests past 2 to 3 months
EXAMINATIONS USES PROCEDURE NURSING CONSIDERATION
• Measure concentration of • The test is performed using a • No special preparation
oxygen, carbon dioxide, small needle to collect a sample • Client can choose to have
ABG bicarbonates and pH in the of blood from an artery anesthesia at the site
Arterial Blood Gas blood. • The sample may be collected • Apply pressure over site for 5-10
• Evaluate respiratory disease from the radial artery in the wrist, minutes to help prevent
and conditions that affects the femoral artery in the groin or the bleeding.
lungs. brachial artery in the arm.
BLOOD CHEMISTRY • Use to check electrolytes and • Venipuncture • The patient should not eat
Serum electrolyte minerals that helps keep the overnight before the test
Na, K, Cl, HCo3, BUN, Crea body’s fluid levels in balance
CARDIAC ENZYME STUDIES • Use to determine whether the • Veni pucture • No special preparation is
patient is having a heat attach required before having this test.
or threatened heart attack
LIPID PROFILE • Venipuncture • Fasting at least eight hours or
Total Cholesterol • A group of tests that are often overnight
HDL ( High density Lipoprotein) ordered together to determine
LDL ( Low density lipoprotein) risk of coronary heart disease
Triglycerides
MANTOUX TEST • Diagnostic tool for tuberculosis • 0.1 ml solution for injection is • No special procedure
Tuberculin Sensitivity Test; injected intra dermal and read 48
Pirquet Test, PPD) to 72 hours later
URINALYSIS • It is ordered as a routine • A sample of well mixed urine • No special procedure
Color and appearance urinalysis when admitted to usually (10-15 ml) is centrifuged • Instruct the client to obtain a
specific gravity; pH the hospital, wellness exam, in a test tube at relatively low midstream urine (clean catch)
ketone bodies;protein pregnancy evaluation or a speed for 5-10 minutes until a
urobilinogen; bilirubin work-up for a planned surgery. moderately cohesive button is
RBC; WBC; hCG produced at the bottom of the
Glucose; Nitrates tube.
FECALYSIS • Useful in diagnosing different • A small smear of stool is placed • No special procedure
condition and diseases of the on a microscope slide and
digestive tract. examined
THROAT CULTURE • Is a test to find a bacterial, • A sample swabbed from the • No special procedure
fungal or viral infection in the throat is put in a special cup that
throat allows infection to grow.
COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT
EXAMINATION USES METHODS NURSING
CONSIDERATION
WBC • Actual count of WBC per volume of blood
white blood cells
RBC • Actual number of RBC per volume of blood
red blood cells
Hgb • Measures amount of oxygen carrying protein in the blood
Hemoglobin Venipuncture No special Procedure
Capillary
Hct • Measures the amount of space red blood cells take in the blood Puncture
Hematocrit
PC/ Plt Count • Number of platelets in a given volume of blood
Platelet Count
MCV • Calculation of the amount of oxygen carrying hemoglobin inside
Mean Corpuscular volume your RBCs
RDW • Calculation of the variation in the size of our RBCs
Red cell distribution width
BT • Use to determine blood type
Blood typing
