Relion 630 series

Feeder Protection and Control

REF630
Application Manual

Document ID: 1MRS756510

Issued: 2014-11-28
Revision: E
Product version: 1.3

Copyright 2014 ABB. All rights reserved

Copyright
This document and parts thereof must not be reproduced or copied without written
permission from ABB, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to a third
party, nor used for any unauthorized purpose.
The software or hardware described in this document is furnished under a license
and may be used, copied, or disclosed only in accordance with the terms of such
license.

Trademarks
ABB and Relion are registered trademarks of the ABB Group. All other brand or
product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered
trademarks of their respective holders.

Warranty
Please inquire about the terms of warranty from your nearest ABB representative.
http://www.abb.com/substationautomation

Disclaimer
The data, examples and diagrams in this manual are included solely for the concept
or product description and are not to be deemed as a statement of guaranteed
properties. All persons responsible for applying the equipment addressed in this
manual must satisfy themselves that each intended application is suitable and
acceptable, including that any applicable safety or other operational requirements
are complied with. In particular, any risks in applications where a system failure and/
or product failure would create a risk for harm to property or persons (including but
not limited to personal injuries or death) shall be the sole responsibility of the
person or entity applying the equipment, and those so responsible are hereby
requested to ensure that all measures are taken to exclude or mitigate such risks.
This product has been designed to be connected and communicate data and
information via a network interface which should be connected to a secure
network. It is the sole responsibility of the person or entity responsible for network
administration to ensure a secure connection to the network and to take the
necessary measures (such as, but not limited to, installation of firewalls, application
of authentication measures, encryption of data, installation of anti virus programs,
etc.) to protect the product and the network, its system and interface included,
against any kind of security breaches, unauthorized access, interference, intrusion,
leakage and/or theft of data or information. ABB is not liable for any such damages
and/or losses.
This document has been carefully checked by ABB but deviations cannot be
completely ruled out. In case any errors are detected, the reader is kindly requested
to notify the manufacturer. Other than under explicit contractual commitments, in
no event shall ABB be responsible or liable for any loss or damage resulting from
the use of this manual or the application of the equipment.

Conformity
This product complies with the directive of the Council of the European
Communities on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to
electromagnetic compatibility (EMC Directive 2004/108/EC) and concerning
electrical equipment for use within specified voltage limits (Low-voltage directive
2006/95/EC). This conformity is the result of tests conducted by ABB in
accordance with the product standards EN 50263 and EN 60255-26 for the EMC
directive, and with the product standards EN 60255-1 and EN 60255-27 for the low
voltage directive. The product is designed in accordance with the international
standards of the IEC 60255 series.

Table of contents

Table of contents
Section 1

Introduction.......................................................................5
This manual........................................................................................5
Intended audience..............................................................................5
Product documentation.......................................................................6
Product documentation set............................................................6
Document revision history.............................................................6
Related documentation..................................................................7
Symbols and conventions...................................................................7
Symbols.........................................................................................7
Document conventions..................................................................8
Functions, codes and symbols......................................................8

Section 2

REF630 overview...........................................................13
Overview...........................................................................................13
Product version history................................................................13
PCM600 and IED connectivity package version..........................13
Operation functionality......................................................................14
Product variants...........................................................................14
Optional functions........................................................................14
Physical hardware............................................................................15
Local HMI.........................................................................................16
Display.........................................................................................16
LEDs............................................................................................19
Keypad........................................................................................19
Web HMI...........................................................................................19
Authorization.....................................................................................21
Communication.................................................................................21

Section 3

REF630 variants.............................................................23
Presentation of preconfigurations.....................................................23
Preconfigurations.........................................................................24
Preconfiguration A for open/closed ring feeder................................27
Application...................................................................................27
Functions.....................................................................................28
Input/output signal interfaces.......................................................29
Preprocessing blocks and fixed signals ......................................30
Control functions..........................................................................31
Bay control QCCBAY.............................................................31
Apparatus control SCILO, GNRLCSWI, DAXCBR,
DAXSWI.................................................................................31

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Autoreclosing DARREC.........................................................33
Protection functions.....................................................................35
Three-phase current inrush detection INRPHAR...................35
Non-directional overcurrent protection PHxPTOC.................35
Directional overcurrent protection DPHxPDOC......................36
Negative-sequence overcurrent protection NSPTOC............37
Phase discontinuity protection PDNSPTOC...........................38
Non-directional earth-fault protection EFxPTOC....................38
Intermittent earth-fault protection INTRPTEF.........................38
Directional earth-fault protection DEFxPDEF.........................39
Thermal overload protection T1PTTR....................................40
Circuit-breaker failure protection CCBRBRF..........................40
Tripping logic TRPPTRC........................................................40
Combined operate and start alarm signal..............................41
Other output and alarm signals..............................................42
Supervision functions..................................................................42
Trip circuit supervision TCSSCBR.........................................42
Fuse failure and current circuit supervision SEQRFUF,
CCRDIF..................................................................................42
Circuit-breaker condition monitoring SSCBR.........................42
Measurement and analog recording functions............................43
Binary recording and LED configuration......................................45
Preconfiguration B for radial overhead/mixed line feeder.................47
Application...................................................................................47
Functions.....................................................................................48
Input/output signal interfaces.......................................................49
Preprocessing blocks and fixed signals ......................................50
Control functions..........................................................................51
Bay control QCCBAY.............................................................51
Apparatus control SCILO, GNRLCSWI, DAXCBR,
DAXSWI.................................................................................51
Autoreclosing DARREC.........................................................53
Protection functions.....................................................................55
Three-phase current inrush detection INRPHAR...................55
Non-directional overcurrent protection PHxPTOC.................55
Negative-sequence overcurrent protection NSPTOC............56
Phase discontinuity protection PDNSPTOC...........................57
Non-directional earth-fault protection EFxPTOC....................57
Directional earth-fault protection DEFxPDEF ........................58
Thermal overload protection T1PTTR....................................58
Circuit-breaker failure protection CCBRBRF..........................59
Tripping logic TRPPTRC........................................................60
Combined operate and start alarm signal..............................60
Other output and alarm signals..............................................61
2

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Supervision functions..................................................................61
Trip circuit supervision TCSSCBR.........................................61
Fuse failure and current circuit supervision SEQRFUF,
CCRDIF..................................................................................61
Circuit-breaker condition monitoring SSCBR.........................61
Measurement and analog recording functions............................62
Binary recording and LED configuration......................................64
Preconfiguration C for ring/meshed feeder.......................................66
Application...................................................................................66
Functions.....................................................................................68
Input/output signal interfaces.......................................................69
Preprocessing blocks and fixed signals ......................................70
Control functions..........................................................................71
Bay control QCCBAY.............................................................71
Apparatus control SCILO, GNRLCSWI, DAXCBR,
DAXSWI.................................................................................71
Autoreclosing DARREC.........................................................73
Protection functions.....................................................................75
Three-phase current inrush detection INRPHAR...................75
Non-directional overcurrent protection PHxPTOC.................75
Negative-sequence overcurrent protection NSPTOC............76
Phase discontinuity protection PDNSPTOC...........................77
Non-directional earth-fault protection EFxPTOC....................77
Directional earth-fault protection DEFxPDEF.........................78
Three-phase overvoltage protection PHPTOV.......................79
Three-phase undervoltage protection PHPTUV.....................80
Three-phase residual overvoltage protection
ROVPTOV..............................................................................81
Distance protection DSTPDIS................................................81
Automatic switch onto fault logic CVRSOF............................82
Local acceleration logic DSTPLAL.........................................82
Scheme communication logic for distance protection
DSOCPSCH...........................................................................83
Current reversal and weak-end infeed logic for distance
protection CRWPSCH............................................................84
Scheme communication logic for residual overcurrent
protection RESCPSCH...........................................................85
Current reversal and scheme communication logic for
residual overcurrent RCRWPSCH.........................................86
Thermal overload protection T1PTTR....................................87
Circuit-breaker failure protection CCBRBRF..........................88
Tripping logic TRPPTRC........................................................88
Combined operate and start alarm signal..............................89
Other output and alarm signals..............................................90
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Supervision functions..................................................................90
Trip circuit supervision TCSSCBR.........................................90
Fuse failure and current circuit supervision SEQRFUF,
CCRDIF..................................................................................90
Circuit-breaker condition monitoring SSCBR.........................90
Measurement and analog recording functions............................91
Binary recording and LED configuration......................................93
Preconfiguration D for bus sectionalizer ..........................................96
Application...................................................................................96
Functions.....................................................................................97
Input/output signal interfaces.......................................................98
Preprocessing blocks and fixed signals ......................................99
Control functions..........................................................................99
Bay control QCCBAY.............................................................99
Apparatus control.................................................................100
Protection functions...................................................................101
Three-phase current inrush detection INRPHAR.................101
Non-directional overcurrent protection PHxPTOC...............101
Negative-sequence overcurrent protection NSPTOC..........101
Non-directional earth-fault protection EFxPTOC..................102
Circuit-breaker failure protection CCBRBRF........................103
Tripping logic TRPPTRC......................................................103
Combined operate and start alarm signal............................104
Other output and alarm signals............................................104
Supervision functions................................................................105
Trip circuit supervision TCSSCBR.......................................105
Circuit-breaker condition monitoring SSCBR.......................105
Measurement and analog recording functions..........................106
Binary recording and LED configurations..................................107

Section 4

Requirements for measurement transformers..............111

Current transformers......................................................................111
Current transformer requirements for non-directional
overcurrent protection................................................................111
Current transformer accuracy class and accuracy limit
factor....................................................................................111
Non-directional overcurrent protection.................................112
Example for non-directional overcurrent protection..............113

Section 5

Glossary.......................................................................115

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Section 1
Introduction

1MRS756510 E

Section 1

Introduction

1.1

This manual
The application manual contains descriptions of preconfigurations. The manual can
be used as a reference for configuring control, protection, measurement, recording
and LED functions. The manual can also be used when creating configurations
according to specific application requirements.

1.2

Intended audience
This manual addresses the protection and control engineer responsible for
planning, pre-engineering and engineering.
The protection and control engineer must be experienced in electrical power
engineering and have knowledge of related technology, such as protection schemes
and principles.

REF630
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Section 1
Introduction

Decommissioning,
deinstallation & disposal

Maintenance

Operation

Product documentation set

Commissioning

1.3.1

Engineering

Product documentation

Planning &
purchase

1.3

Installation

1MRS756510 E

Quick start guide

Quick installation guide
Brochure
Product guide
Operation manual
Installation manual
Engineering manual
Technical manual
Application manual
Communication protocol manual
Point list manual
Commissioning manual
GUID-C8721A2B-EEB9-4880-A812-849E1A42B02C V1 EN

Figure 1:

The intended use of documents during the product life cycle

Product series- and product-specific manuals can be downloaded

from the ABB Website http://www.abb.com/relion.

1.3.2

Document revision history

Document revision/date

Product version

History

A/2009-09-15

1.0

First release

B/2011-02-23

1.1

Content updated to correspond to the

product version

C/201105-18

1.1

Content updated

D/2012-08-29

1.2

Content updated to correspond to the

product version

E/2014-11-28

1.3

Content updated to correspond to the

product version

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Introduction

1MRS756510 E

Download the latest documents from the ABB Website

http://www.abb.com/substationautomation.

1.3.3

Related documentation
Name of the document

Document ID

DNP3 Communication Protocol Manual

1MRS756789

IEC 61850 Communication Protocol Manual

1MRS756793

IEC 60870-5-103 Communication Protocol Manual

1MRS757203

Installation Manual

1MRS755958

Operation Manual

1MRS756509

Technical Manual

1MRS756508

Engineering Manual

1MRS756800

Commissioning Manual

1MRS756801

1.4

Symbols and conventions

1.4.1

Symbols
The electrical warning icon indicates the presence of a hazard
which could result in electrical shock.

The warning icon indicates the presence of a hazard which could

result in personal injury.

The caution icon indicates important information or warning related

to the concept discussed in the text. It might indicate the presence
of a hazard which could result in corruption of software or damage
to equipment or property.

The information icon alerts the reader of important facts and

conditions.

The tip icon indicates advice on, for example, how to design your
project or how to use a certain function.

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1MRS756510 E

Although warning hazards are related to personal injury, it is necessary to

understand that under certain operational conditions, operation of damaged
equipment may result in degraded process performance leading to personal injury
or death. Therefore, comply fully with all warning and caution notices.

1.4.2

Document conventions
A particular convention may not be used in this manual.

1.4.3

Abbreviations and acronyms are spelled out in the glossary. The glossary also
contains definitions of important terms.
Push button navigation in the LHMI menu structure is presented by using the
push button icons.
To navigate between the options, use
and
.
Menu paths are presented in bold.
Select Main menu/Settings.
WHMI menu names are presented in bold.
Click Information in the WHMI menu structure.
LHMI messages are shown in Courier font.
To save the changes in non-volatile memory, select Yes and press
.
Parameter names are shown in italics.
The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting.
The ^ character in front of an input or output signal name in the function block
symbol given for a function, indicates that the user can set an own signal name
in PCM600.
The * character after an input or output signal name in the function block
symbol given for a function, indicates that the signal must be connected to
another function block in the application configuration to achieve a valid
application configuration.

Functions, codes and symbols

Table 1:

Functions included in the IED

Description

IEC 61850

IEC 60617

ANSI

Protection
Three-phase non-directional
overcurrent protection, low stage

PHLPTOC

3I>

51P-1

Three-phase non-directional
overcurrent protection, high stage

PHHPTOC

3I>>

51P-2

Three-phase non-directional
overcurrent protection, instantaneous
stage

PHIPTOC

3I>>>

50P/51P

Three-phase directional overcurrent

protection, low stage

DPHLPDOC

3I> ->

67-1

Three-phase directional overcurrent

protection, high stage

DPHHPDOC

3I>> ->

67-2

Table continues on next page

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Description

IEC 61850

IEC 60617

ANSI

Distance protection

DSTPDIS

Z<

21, 21P, 21N

Automatic switch-onto-fault logic

CVRSOF

SOTF

SOTF

Fault locator

SCEFRFLO

FLOC

21FL

Autoreclosing

DARREC

O -> I

79

Non-directional earth-fault protection,

low stage

EFLPTOC

I0>

51N-1

Non-directional earth-fault protection,

high stage

EFHPTOC

I0>>

51N-2

Non-directional earth-fault protection,

instantaneous stage

EFIPTOC

I0>>>

50N/51N

Directional earth-fault protection, low

stage

DEFLPDEF

I0> ->

67N-1

Directional earth-fault protection, high

stage

DEFHPDEF

I0>> ->

67N-2

Harmonics based earth-fault protection

HAEFPTOC

Io>HA

51NHA

Transient/intermittent earth-fault
protection

INTRPTEF

I0> -> IEF

67NIEF

Admittance-based earth-fault protection

EFPADM

Yo>->

21YN

Multi-frequency admittance-based
earth-fault protection

MFADPSDE

I0> ->Y

67YN

Wattmetric earth-fault protection

WPWDE

Po>->

32N

Phase discontinuity protection

PDNSPTOC

I2/I1>

46PD

Negative-sequence overcurrent
protection

NSPTOC

I2>

46

Three-phase thermal overload

protection for feeder

T1PTTR

3Ith>F

49F

Three-phase current inrush detection

INRPHAR

3I2f>

68

Three-phase overvoltage protection

PHPTOV

3U>

59

Three-phase undervoltage protection

PHPTUV

3U<

27

Positive-sequence overvoltage
protection

PSPTOV

U1>

47O+

Positive-sequence undervoltage
protection

PSPTUV

U1<

47U+

Negative-sequence overvoltage
protection

NSPTOV

U2>

47O-

Residual overvoltage protection

ROVPTOV

U0>

59G

Directional reactive power

undervoltage protection

DQPTUV

Q>-->,3U<

32Q,27

Reverse power/directional overpower

protection

DOPPDPR

P>

32R/32O

Frequency gradient protection

DAPFRC

df/dt>

81R

Overfrequency protection

DAPTOF

f>

81O

Underfrequency protection

DAPTUF

f<

81U

Load shedding

LSHDPFRQ

UFLS/R

81LSH

Circuit breaker failure protection

CCBRBRF

3I>/I0>BF

51BF/51NBF

Table continues on next page

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Description

IEC 61850

IEC 60617

ANSI

Tripping logic

TRPPTRC

I -> O

94

Multipurpose analog protection

MAPGAPC

MAP

MAP

Local acceleration logic

DSTPLAL

LAL

LAL

Communication logic for residual

overcurrent

RESCPSCH

CLN

85N

Scheme communication logic

DSOCPSCH

CL

85

Current reversal and WEI logic

CRWPSCH

CLCRW

85CRW

Current reversal and WEI logic for

residual overcurrent

RCRWPSCH

CLCRWN

85NCRW

Bay control

QCCBAY

CBAY

CBAY

Interlocking interface

SCILO

Circuit breaker/disconnector control

GNRLCSWI

I <-> O CB/DC

I <-> O CB/DC

Circuit breaker

DAXCBR

I <-> O CB

I <-> O CB

Disconnector

DAXSWI

I <-> O DC

I <-> O DC

Local/remote switch interface

LOCREM

R/L

R/L

Synchrocheck

SYNCRSYN

SYNC

25

Single point control (8 signals)

SPC8GGIO

Double point indication

DPGGIO

Single point indication

SPGGIO

Generic measured value

MVGGIO

Logic Rotating Switch for function

selection and LHMI presentation

SLGGIO

Selector mini switch

VSGGIO

Pulse counter for energy metering

PCGGIO

Event counter

CNTGGIO

Runtime counter for machines and

devices

MDSOPT

OPTS

OPTM

Circuit breaker condition monitoring

SSCBR

CBCM

CBCM

Fuse failure supervision

SEQRFUF

FUSEF

60

Current circuit supervision

CCRDIF

MCS 3I

MCS 3I

Trip-circuit supervision

TCSSCBR

TCS

TCM

Station battery supervision

SPVNZBAT

U<>

U<>

Energy monitoring

EPDMMTR

Measured value limit supervision

MVEXP

Voltage variation

PHQVVR

PQMU

PQMV

Voltage unbalance

VSQVUB

PQMUBU

PQMUBV

Protection-related functions

Control

Generic process I/O

Supervision and monitoring

Power quality

Table continues on next page

10

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Description

IEC 61850

IEC 60617

ANSI

Current harmonics

CMHAI

PQM3I

PQM3I

Voltage harmonics (phase-to-phase)

VPPMHAI

PQM3Upp

PQM3Vpp

Voltage harmonics (phase-to-earth)

VPHMHAI

PQM3Upe

PQM3Vpg

Three-phase current measurement

CMMXU

3I

3I

Three-phase voltage measurement

(phase-to-earth)

VPHMMXU

3Upe

3Upe

Three-phase voltage measurement

(phase-to-phase)

VPPMMXU

3Upp

3Upp

Residual current measurement

RESCMMXU

I0

I0

Residual voltage measurement

RESVMMXU

U0

U0

Power monitoring with P, Q, S, power

factor, frequency

PWRMMXU

PQf

PQf

Sequence current measurement

CSMSQI

I1, I2

I1, I2

Sequence voltage measurement

VSMSQI

U1, U2

V1, V2

Analog channels 1-10 (samples)

A1RADR

ACH1

ACH1

Analog channels 11-20 (samples)

A2RADR

ACH2

ACH2

Analog channels 21-30 (calc. val.)

A3RADR

ACH3

ACH3

Analog channels 31-40 (calc. val.)

A4RADR

ACH4

ACH4

Binary channels 1-16

B1RBDR

BCH1

BCH1

Binary channels 17 -32

B2RBDR

BCH2

BCH2

Binary channels 33 -48

B3RBDR

BCH3

BCH3

Binary channels 49 -64

B4RBDR

BCH4

BCH4

Binary receive

GOOSEBINRCV

Double point receive

GOOSEDPRCV

Interlock receive

GOOSEINTLKRC
V

Integer receive

GOOSEINTRCV

Measured value receive

GOOSEMVRCV

Single point receive

GOOSESPRCV

Measurement

Station communication (GOOSE)

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Section 2
REF630 overview

1MRS756510 E

Section 2

REF630 overview

2.1

Overview
REF630 is a comprehensive feeder management IED for protection, control,
measuring and supervision of utility and industrial distribution substations.
REF630 is a member of ABBs Relion product family and a part of its 630 series
characterized by functional scalability and flexible configurability. REF630 also
features necessary control functions constituting an ideal solution for feeder bay
control.
The supported communication protocols including IEC 61850 offer seamless
connectivity to industrial automation systems.

2.1.1

Product version history

Product version

2.1.2

First release

1.1

1.2

Reverse power/directional overpower protection

1.3

Support for IEC 60870-5-103 communication protocol

Analog GOOSE
RTD module
Additional arithmetic and logic function support
Admittance-based earth-fault protection
Wattmetric earth-fault protection
Power quality functions

Harmonics based EF detection

Reactive power undervoltage protection
Multi-frequency admittance protection
Operation time counter
Comparison functions
AND and OR gates with 20 inputs

PCM600 and IED connectivity package version

Protection and Control IED Manager PCM600 Ver. 2.5 or later

ABB REF630 Connectivity Package Ver. 1.3 or later

REF630
Application Manual

Product history

1.0

Application Configuration
Parameter Setting
Signal Matrix
Signal Monitoring
Disturbance Handling
Event Viewer
13

Section 2
REF630 overview

1MRS756510 E

Graphical Display Editor

Hardware Configuration
IED Users
IED Compare
Communication Management
Configuration Migration

Download connectivity packages from the ABB Website

http://www.abb.com/substationautomation or directly with the
Update Manager in PCM600.

2.2

Operation functionality

2.2.1

Product variants
The IED capabilities can be adjusted by selecting a product variant. The IED
capabilities can be extended by adding HW and/or SW options to the basic variant.
For example, the physical communication connector can be either an electrical or
optical Ethernet connector.
The number of binary inputs and outputs depends on the amount of the optional
BIO modules selected. For a 4U IED, it is possible to take 2 additional BIO
modules at the maximum, and for a 6U IED, it is possible to take 4 additional BIO
modules at the maximum.

2.2.2

Basic variant: 14 binary inputs and 9 binary outputs

With one optional BIO module: 23 binary inputs and 18 binary outputs
With two optional BIO modules: 32 binary inputs and 27 binary outputs
With three optional BIO modules: 41 binary inputs and 36 binary outputs
With four optional BIO modules: 50 binary inputs and 45 binary outputs

Optional functions
Some of the available functions are optional, that is, they are included in the
delivered product only when defined by the order code.

Distance protection
Fault locator
Synchrocheck
Phase sequence voltage functions

14

Positive-sequence overvoltage protection

Positive-sequence undervoltage protection
Negative-sequence overvoltage protection

Power quality functions

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1MRS756510 E

2.3

Voltage harmonics
Current harmonics
Voltage sags and swells
Voltage unbalance

Physical hardware
The mechanical design of the IED is based on a robust mechanical rack. The HW
design is based on the possibility to adapt the HW module configuration to
different customer applications.
Table 2:

IED contents

Content options
LHMI
Communication and
CPU module

1 electrical Ethernet connector for the detached LHMI module (the

connector must not be used for any other purpose)
1 Ethernet connector for communication (selectable electrical or optical
connector)
IRIG-B (external time synchronization) connector
1 fibre-optic connector pair for serial communication (selectable plastic or
glass fibre)
14 binary control inputs

Auxiliary power/binary
output module

48-125 V DC or 100-240 V AC/110-250 V DC

Input contacts for the supervision of the auxiliary supply battery level
3 normally open power output contacts with TCS
3 normally open power output contacts
1 change-over signalling contact
3 additional signalling contacts
1 dedicated internal fault output contact

Analog input module

3 or 4 current inputs (1/5 A)

4 or 5 voltage inputs (100/110/115/120 V)
Max. 1 accurate current input for sensitive earth-fault protection (0.1/0.5 A)

Binary input and

output module

3 normally open power output contacts

1 change-over signalling contact
5 additional signalling contacts
9 binary control inputs

RTD input and mA

output module

8 RTD-inputs (sensor/R/V/mA)
4 outputs (mA)

All external wiring, that is CT and VT connectors, BI/O connectors, power supply
connector and communication connections, can be disconnected from the IED
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Section 2
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1MRS756510 E

modules with wiring, for example, in service situations. The CT connectors have a
build-in mechanism which automatically short-circuits CT secondaries when the
connector is disconnected from the IED.

2.4

Local HMI
The LHMI is used for setting, monitoring and controlling the IED. The LHMI
comprises the display, buttons, LED indicators and communication port.

A071260 V3 EN

Figure 2:

2.4.1

Example of the LHMI

Display
The LHMI includes a graphical monochrome display with a resolution of 320 x
240 pixels. The character size can vary. The amount of characters and rows fitting
the view depends on the character size and the view that is shown.
The display view is divided into four basic areas.

16

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A071258 V2 EN

Figure 3:

Display layout

1 Path
2 Content
3 Status
4 Scroll bar (appears when needed)

The function button panel shows on request what actions are possible with the
function buttons. Each function button has a LED indication that can be used as a
feedback signal for the function button control action. The LED is connected to the
required signal with PCM600.

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GUID-6828CE38-2B88-4BB5-8F29-27D2AC27CC18 V1 EN

Figure 4:

Function button panel

The alarm LED panel shows on request the alarm text labels for the alarm LEDs.

GUID-3CBCBC36-EFCE-43A0-9D62-8D88AD6B6287 V1 EN

Figure 5:

Alarm LED panel

The function button and alarm LED panels are not visible at the same time. Each
panel is shown by pressing one of the function buttons or the Multipage button.
Pressing the ESC button clears the panel from the display. Both the panels have
dynamic width that depends on the label string length that the panel contains.

18

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2.4.2

LEDs
The LHMI includes three protection status LEDs above the display: Ready, Start
and Trip.
There are 15 programmable alarm LEDs on the front of the LHMI. Each LED can
indicate three states with the colors: green, yellow and red. The alarm texts related
to each three-color LED are divided into three pages. Altogether, the 15 physical
three-color LEDs can indicate 45 different alarms. The LEDs can be configured
with PCM600 and the operation mode can be selected with the LHMI, WHMI or
PCM600.

2.4.3

Keypad
The LHMI keypad contains push-buttons which are used to navigate in different
views or menus. With the push-buttons you can control objects in the single-line
diagram, for example, circuit breakers or disconnectors The push-buttons are also
used to acknowledge alarms, reset indications, provide help and switch between
local and remote control mode.
The keypad also contains programmable push-buttons that can be configured either
as menu shortcut or control buttons.

GUID-FE571EAC-D3AF-4E26-8C01-197F21AA96CA V1 EN

Figure 6:

2.5

LHMI keypad with object control, navigation and command pushbuttons and RJ-45 communication port

Web HMI
The WHMI enables the user to access the IED via a web browser. The supported
Web browser versions are Internet Explorer 8.0, 9.0 and 10.0.

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WHMI is disabled by default. To enable the WHMI, select Main

menu/Configuration/HMI/Web HMI/Operation via the LHMI.

WHMI offers several functions.

Alarm indications and event lists

System supervision
Parameter settings
Measurement display
Disturbance records
Phasor diagram
Viewing phasor diagram with WHMI requires downloading a SVG
Viewer plugin.

The menu tree structure on the WHMI is almost identical to the one on the LHMI.

A071242 V3 EN

Figure 7:

Example view of the WHMI

The WHMI can be accessed locally and remotely.

20

Locally by connecting the user's computer to the IED via the front
communication port.
Remotely over LAN/WAN.

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1MRS756510 E

2.6

Authorization
At delivery, logging on to the IED is not required to be able to use the LHMI. The
IED user has full access to the IED as a SuperUser until users and passwords are
created with PCM600 and written into the IED.
The available user categories are predefined for LHMI and WHMI, each with
different rights.

Table 3:

Available user categories

User category

User rights

SystemOperator

Control from LHMI, no bypass

ProtectionEngineer

All settings

DesignEngineer

Application configuration

UserAdministrator

User and password administration

All changes in user management settings cause the IED to reboot.

2.7

Communication
The IED supports communication protocols IEC 61850-8-1, IEC 60870-5-103 and
DNP3 over TCP/IP.
All operational information and controls are available through these protocols.
However, some communication functionality, for example, horizontal
communication (GOOSE) between the IEDs, is only enabled by the IEC 61850-8-1
communication protocol.
Disturbance files are accessed using the IEC 61850 or IEC 60870-5-103 protocols.
Disturbance files are also available to any Ethernet based application in the
standard COMTRADE format. The IED can send binary signals to other IEDs (so
called horizontal communication) using the IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE (Generic
Object Oriented Substation Event) profile. Binary GOOSE messaging can, for
example, be employed for protection and interlocking-based protection schemes.
The IED meets the GOOSE performance requirements for tripping applications in
distribution substations, as defined by the IEC 61850 standard. Further, the IED
supports the sending and receiving of analog values using GOOSE messaging.

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Analog GOOSE messaging enables fast transfer of analog measurement values

over the station bus, thus facilitating for example sharing of RTD input values,
such as surrounding temperature values, to other IED applications. Analog GOOSE
messages can also be used in load shedding applications. The IED interoperates
with other IEC 61850 compliant IEDs, tools and systems and simultaneously
reports events to five different clients on the IEC 61850 station bus. For a system
using DNP3 over TCP/IP, events can be sent to four different masters. For systems
using IEC 60870-5-103 IED can be connected to one master in a station bus with startopology.
All communication connectors, except for the front port connector, are placed on
integrated communication modules. The IED is connected to Ethernet-based
communication systems via the RJ-45 connector (10/100BASE-TX) or the fibreoptic multimode LC connector (100BASE-FX).
IEC 60870-5-103 is available from optical serial port where it is possible to use
serial glass fibre (ST connector) or serial plastic fibre (snap-in connector).
The IED supports the following time synchronization methods with a timestamping
resolution of 1 ms.
Ethernet communication based

SNTP (simple network time protocol)

DNP3

With special time synchronization wiring

IRIG-B

IEC 60870-5-103 serial communication has a time-stamping resolution of 10 ms.

22

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1MRS756510 E

Section 3

REF630 variants

3.1

Presentation of preconfigurations
The 630 series IEDs are offered with optional factory-made preconfigurations for
various applications. The preconfigurations contribute to faster commissioning and
less engineering of the IED. The preconfigurations include default functionality
typically needed for a specific application. Each preconfiguration is adaptable
using the Protection and Control IED Manager PCM600. By adapting the
preconfiguration the IED can be configured to suit the particular application.
The adaptation of the preconfiguration may include adding or removing of
protection, control and other functions according to the specific application,
changing of the default parameter settings, configuration of the default alarms and
event recorder settings including the texts shown in the HMI, configuration of the
LEDs and function buttons, and adaptation of the default single-line diagram.
In addition, the adaptation of the preconfiguration always includes communication
engineering to configure the communication according to the functionality of the
IED. The communication engineering is done using the communication
configuration function of PCM600.
If none of the offered preconfigurations fulfill the needs of the intended area of
application, 630 series IEDs can also be ordered without any preconfiguration. In
this case the IED needs to be configured from the ground up.
The functional diagrams describe the IED's functionality from the protection,
measuring, condition monitoring, disturbance recording, control and interlocking
perspective. Diagrams show the default functionality with simple symbol logics
forming principle diagrams. The external connections to primary devices are also
shown, stating the default connections to measuring transformers. The positive
measuring direction of directional protection functions is towards the outgoing feeder.
The functional diagrams are divided into sections which each constitute one
functional entity. The external connections are also divided into sections. Only the
relevant connections for a particular functional entity are presented in each section.
Protection function blocks are part of the functional diagram. They are identified
based on their IEC 61850 name but the IEC based symbol and the ANSI function
number are also included. Some function blocks, such as PHHPTOC, are used
several times in the configuration. To separate the blocks from each other, the IEC
61850 name, IEC symbol and ANSI function number are appended with a running
number, an instance number, from one onwards.

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Application Manual

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3.1.1

1MRS756510 E

Preconfigurations
Table 4:

REF630 preconfiguration ordering options

Description

Preconfiguration

Preconfiguration A for open/closed ring feeder

Preconfiguration B for radial overhead/mixed line feeder

Preconfiguration C for ring/meshed feeder

Preconfiguration D for bus sectionalizer

Number of instances available

Table 5:

Functions used in preconfigurations

Description

Three-phase non-directional overcurrent protection, low stage

Three-phase non-directional overcurrent protection, high stage

Three-phase non-directional overcurrent protection, instantaneous

stage

Three-phase directional overcurrent protection, low stage

Three-phase directional overcurrent protection, high stage

Distance protection

Automatic switch-onto-fault logic

Fault locator

Autoreclosing

Non-directional earth-fault protection, low stage

Non-directional earth-fault protection, high stage

Non-directional earth-fault protection, instantaneous stage

Directional earth-fault protection, low stage

Directional earth-fault protection, high stage

Harmonics based earth-fault protection

Transient/intermittent earth-fault protection

Admittance-based earth-fault protection

Multi-frequency admittance-based earth-fault protection

Wattmetric earth-fault protection

Phase discontinuity protection

Negative-sequence overcurrent protection

Three-phase thermal overload protection for feeder

Three-phase current inrush detection

Three-phase overvoltage protection

Three-phase undervoltage protection

Positive-sequence overvoltage protection

Protection

Table continues on next page

24

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Description

Positive-sequence undervoltage protection

Negative-sequence overvoltage protection

Residual overvoltage protection

Directional reactive power undervoltage protection

Reverse power/directional overpower protection

Frequency gradient protection

Overfrequency protection

Underfrequency protection

Load shedding

Circuit breaker failure protection

Tripping logic

Multipurpose analog protection

16

Local acceleration logic

Communication logic for residual overcurrent

Scheme communication logic

Current reversal and WEI logic

Current reversal and WEI logic for residual overcurrent

Bay control

Interlocking interface

10

Circuit breaker/disconnector control

10

Circuit breaker

Disconnector

Local/remote switch interface

Synchrocheck

Single point control (8 signals)

Double point indication

15

Single point indication

64

Generic measured value

15

Logic Rotating Switch for function selection and LHMI presentation

10

Selector mini switch

10

Pulse counter for energy metering

Event counter

Runtime counter for machines and devices

Circuit breaker condition monitoring

Fuse failure supervision

Protection-related functions

Control

Generic process I/O

Supervision and monitoring

Table continues on next page

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Description

Current circuit supervision

Trip-circuit supervision

Station battery supervision

Energy monitoring

Measured value limit supervision

40

Voltage variation

Voltage unbalance

Current harmonics

Voltage harmonics (phase-to-phase)

Voltage harmonics (phase-to-earth)

Three-phase current measurement

Three-phase voltage measurement (phase-to-earth)

Three-phase voltage measurement (phase-to-phase)

Residual current measurement

Residual voltage measurement

Power monitoring with P, Q, S, power factor, frequency

Sequence current measurement

Sequence voltage measurement

Analog channels 1-10 (samples)

Analog channels 11-20 (samples)

Analog channels 21-30 (calc. val.)

Analog channels 31-40 (calc. val.)

Binary channels 1-16

Binary channels 17-32

Binary channels 33-48

Binary channels 49-64

Binary receive

10

Double point receive

32

Interlock receive

59

Integer receive

32

Measured value receive

60

Single point receive

64

Power quality

Measurement

Disturbance recorder function

Station communication (GOOSE)

n = total number of available function instances regardless of the preconfiguration selected

1, 2, ... = number of included instances

26

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3.2

Preconfiguration A for open/closed ring feeder

3.2.1

Application
The functionality of the IED is designed to be used for selective short-circuit,
overcurrent and earth-fault protection of radial outgoing feeders on double busbar
systems with one circuit breaker. The configuration can be used in isolated neutral
networks, resistant-earthed networks and compensated networks.
The objects controlled by the IED are the circuit breaker and the disconnector. The
earth switch is considered to be operated manually. The open, close and undefined
states of the circuit breaker, disconnectors and the earth switch are indicated on the
LHMI.
Required interlocking is configured in the IED.
The preconfiguration includes:

REF630
Application Manual

Control functions
Current protection functions
Supervision functions
Disturbance recorders
LEDs' configuration
Measurement functions

27

Section 3
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Functions

UL1UL2UL3

Uo

3.2.2

1MRS756510 E

REF630

FEEDER PROTECTION AND CONTROL IED

Preconguration A for open/closed ring feeder
LOCAL HMI *)

PROTECTION

ALSO AVAILABLE
- 5 prog. push buttons on LHMI
- Disturbance and fault recorders
- IED self-supervision
- Local/Remote push button on LHMI
- Sequence event recorder
- User management
- WebHMI

1 1
IO
94

3I

AND
I2>
46

I2/I1>
46PD

3Ith>F
49F

1 1

3I>
51P-1

3I>/Io>BF
51BF/51NBF

3I>
67-1

3I>>>
50P/51P
2

3I>>
51P-2

3I2f>
68

3I>>
67-2

UL1UL2UL3

Io

PRECONFIGURATION

Io>>
51N-2

2 1
Io>
67N-1

Io>
67N-2

OR
*) Fixed or detached LHMI is available.

COMMUNICATION

CONDITION MONITORING
AND SUPERVISION
1 1
FUSEF
60

1 1
CBCM
CBCM

1 1
MCS 3I
MCS 3I

OPTS
OPTM

Protocols:
IEC 61850-8-1
IEC 60870-5-103
DNP3

1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
1 0FX1(LC)
1 0
(RJ45),

E
E

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

Interfaces:
Ethernet: TX
Serial:
Serial glass ber (ST),
Serial plastic ber
(snap-in connector)

3
TCS
TCM

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0

0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1

0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1

1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0

U<>
U<>

Io>IEF
67NIEF

Uo
CONTROL AND INDICATION 1)

MEASUREMENT

3
FLOC
21FL

Z<
21, 21P, 21N
3

P>
32R/32O

Po>
32N
2

Io>>>
50N/51N

Uo>
59G

U2>
47O-

Io>
51N-1

Io>Y
67YN
5

df/dt>
81R

Object

Ctrl 2)

CB

DC

3
3U<
27

Yo>
21YN

f<
81U

Q>, 3U<
32Q, 27
2

U1>
47O+

Io>HA
51NHA

1)

2)

U1<
47U+

3U>
59

ES

Check availability of binary inputs/outputs

from technical documentation
Control and indication function for
primary object

1 1
OI
79

SYNC
25

- I, U, Io, Uo, P, Q, E, pf, f

- Symmetrical components
- Limit value supervision
Analog interface types

Current transformer

51)

Voltage transformer

1)

One of available current transformer

inputs is sensitive (0.1 / 0.5 A)

PQM3I
PQM3I

PQM3Upe
PQM3Vpg

6
5
UFLS/R
f>
81LSH
81O

PQM3Upp
PQM3Vpp

16
MAP
MAP

PQMUBU
PQMUBV

2
SOTF
SOTF

PQMU
PQMV

REMARKS
Optional
function

2 No. of instances
enabled by default

Function(s) not enabled by

default in preconguration,
can be enabled afterwards

1 No. of instances not enabled

by default in preconguration,
can be enabled afterwards

GUID-973EE09F-BEFA-40C3-AAEE-FB97B84EAA52 V1 EN

Figure 8:

28

Functionality overview for preconfiguration A

REF630
Application Manual

1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
1 0

0
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
1 0
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Section 3
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1MRS756510 E

3.2.3

Input/output signal interfaces

Table 6:
Hardware module
instance

Interface of binary inputs

Hardware channel

Description

COM

BI1

Circuit breaker closed

COM

BI2

Circuit breaker open

COM

BI3

Disconnector 1 closed

COM

BI4

Disconnector 1 open

COM

BI5

Earth switch closed

COM

BI6

Earth switch open

COM

BI7

Disconnector 2 closed

COM

BI8

Disconnector 2 open

COM

BI9

Circuit breaker truck closed

COM

BI10

Circuit breaker truck open

COM

BI11

External start of circuit breaker failure protection

COM

BI12

Pressure low from circuit breaker

COM

BI13

Spring charged from circuit breaker

COM

BI14

MCB for fuse failure supervision

BIO_3

BI1

Relay characteristics angle (RCA) control

BIO_3

BI2...BI9

Not connected

The outputs of the IED are categorized as power outputs (POx) and signal outputs
(SOx). The power outputs can be used for closing and tripping of circuit breakers
and disconnector control. The signal outputs are not heavy-duty outputs. They are
used for alarm or signaling purposes.
Table 7:
Hardware module
instance

Interface of binary outputs

Hardware channel

Description

PSM

BO1_PO

Master trip 1 (circuit breaker open)

PSM

BO2_PO

Master close (circuit breaker closed)

PSM

BO3_PO

Master trip 2 (circuit breaker open)

PSM

BO4_PO

Disconnector 1 open

PSM

BO5_PO

Disconnector 1 closed

PSM

BO6_PO

Not connected

PSM

BO7_SO

OC/DOC operate alarm

PSM

BO8_SO

EF/DEF operate alarm

PSM

BO9_SO

Common start

BIO_3

BO1_PO

Disconnector 2 open

BIO_3

BO2_PO

Disconnector 2 closed

BIO_3

BO3_PO

Backup trip

Table continues on next page

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Hardware module
instance

Hardware channel

Description

BIO_3

BO4_SO

Upstream OC/DOC block

BIO_3

BO5_SO

Common operate

BIO_3

BO6_SO

Not connected

BIO_3

BO7_SO

Circuit breaker monitoring alarm

BIO_3

BO8_SO

Supervision circuit alarm

BIO_3

BO9_SO

Not connected

The IED measures the analog signals needed for protection and measuring
functions via galvanically isolated matching transformers. The matching
transformer input channels 14 are intended for current measuring and channels
7...10 for voltage measuring.
Table 8:

Interface of analog inputs

Hardware module
instance

3.2.4

Hardware channel

Description

AIM_2

CH1

Phase current IL1

AIM_2

CH2

Phase current IL2

AIM_2

CH3

Phase current IL3

AIM_2

CH4

Neutral current I0

AIM_2

CH5

Not connected

AIM_2

CH6

Not available

AIM_2

CH7

Phase voltage UL1

AIM_2

CH8

Phase voltage UL2

AIM_2

CH9

Phase voltage UL3

AIM_2

CH10

Neutral voltage U0

Preprocessing blocks and fixed signals

The analog current and voltage signals coming to the IED are processed by
preprocessing blocks. There are two types of preprocessing blocks based on 20
samples per cycle and 80 samples per cycle. All function blocks functioning at 5
ms task time need 80 samples per cycle whereas all the rest need 20 samples per cycle.
A fixed signal block providing a logical TRUE and a logical FALSE output has
been used. Outputs are connected internally to other functional blocks when needed.
Even if the AnalogInputType setting of a SMAI block is set to
Current, the MinValFreqMeas setting is still visible. This means
that the minimum level for current amplitude is based on UBase. As
an example, if UBase is 20 kV, the minimum amplitude for current
is 20000 10% = 2000 A.

30

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3.2.5

Control functions

3.2.5.1

Bay control QCCBAY

Bay control is used to handle the selection of the operator place per bay. It provides
blocking functions that can be distributed to different apparatuses within the bay.
Bay control sends information about the permitted source to operate (PSTO) and
blocking conditions to other functions within the bay, for example switch control
functions.

3.2.5.2

Apparatus control SCILO, GNRLCSWI, DAXCBR, DAXSWI

Apparatus control initializes and supervises proper selection and switches on
primary apparatus. Each apparatus requires interlocking function, switch control
function and apparatus functions.

Circuit-breaker control function

The circuit breaker is controlled by a combination of switch interlocking (SCILO),
switch controller (GNRLCSWI) and circuit breaker controller (DAXCBR) functions.
The position information of the circuit breaker and the truck are connected to
DAXCBR. The interlocking logics for the circuit breaker have been programmed
to open at any time, provided that the gas pressure inside the circuit breaker is
above the lockout limit. Closing of the circuit breaker is always prevented if the
gas pressure inside the circuit breaker is below the lockout limit or the truck is
open or spring charge time is above the set limit. In case the earth switch is closed,
check that both disconnectors are open while closing the circuit breaker.
SCILO function checks for the interlocking conditions and provides closing and
opening enable signals. The enable signal is used by GNRLCSWI function block
which checks for operator place selector before providing the final open or close
signal to DAXCBR function.
The open, closed and undefined states of the circuit breaker are indicated on the
LHMI.

Disconnector 1, disconnector 2 and earth switch control function

Disconnector 1, disconnector 2, and earth switch are controlled by a combination
of SCILO, GNRLCSWI and DAXSWI functions. Each apparatus requires one set
of these functions.
The position information of the disconnectors and the earth switch are connected to
respective DAXSWI functions via binary inputs. The interlocking logics for the
disconnector have been programmed so that it can be opened or closed only if other
three apparatuses, that is circuit breaker, earth switch and one of the disconnectors,
are open. Interlocking for the earth switch depends on the circuit-breaker condition.
If the circuit breaker is open, it is possible to open or close the earth switch at any

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1MRS756510 E

time. If the circuit breaker is in closed, it is required that the other two
disconnectors are open.
SCILO function checks for these conditions and provides closing and opening
enable signals. The enable signal is used by GNRLCSWI function blocks which
check for operator place selector before providing the final open or close signal to
DAXCBR function.
The open, closed and undefined states of the disconnector 1, disconnector 2 and
earth switch are indicated on the LHMI.
The interlocking condition for the disconnector can be different in
case a bus sectionalizer is available in the system.

32

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1MRS756510 E

GUID-3FEC4A93-BFE0-4386-8091-0D83339E19EE V1 EN

Figure 9:

3.2.5.3

Apparatus control

Autoreclosing DARREC
Majority of medium voltage overhead line faults are transient and automatically
cleared by momentarily de-energizing the line, whereas the rest of the faults, 15 to
20 percent, are cleared by longer interruptions. The de-energization of the fault
place for a wanted period of time is implemented by autoreclosing relays or
functions. Automatic reclosing is capable of clearing most of the faults. At a
permanent fault, autoreclosing is followed by the final tripping. A permanent fault
has to be located and cleared before the fault location can be re-energized.

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The function block provides five programmable autoreclose shots for creating
autoreclosings of wanted type and duration, such as one high-speed and one
delayed autoreclosing. The function consists of six individual initiation lines
INIT_1... INIT 6 from which lines INIT_1...3 are used in the preconfiguration. It is
possible to create an individual autoreclosing sequence for each input.
In this preconfiguration the autoreclosing function is initiated (lines INIT_1..3)
from the operation of protection functions. The autoreclosing function allows also
initiation from the start of the protection function, then opening the circuit breaker
(OPEN CB) and performing a fast final trip.
The autoreclosing function can be inhibited with the INHIBIT_RECL input.
Operate signals of negative sequence overcurrent, phase discontinuity, intermittent
earth fault and circuit-breaker gas pressure lock are connected to INHIBIT_RECL
input. Spring charged input available from the circuit breaker at binary input
COM_101 BI13 is used to check the ready status of circuit breaker before
autoreclosing. Inhibit autoreclose signal from the thermal overload protection is
connected to BLK_THERM input.
The outputs describing closing command (reclose) to a circuit breaker,
unsuccessful autoreclosing and autoreclosing locked-out (CLOSE CB,
UNSUC_AR, and LOCKED) are connected to binary recorders. Whereas
autoreclosing ready, autoreclosing in progress and autoreclosing locked-out
(READY, INPRO and LOCKED) outputs are connected to LED indication on the
LHMI.
Status indicating that circuit breaker in open state is connected to the CB_POS
inputs. With this connection the setting is CB closed Pos status = FALSE.
CLOSE CB output is used for closing the circuit breaker. Before any autoreclosing
signal is activated the function block checks for the circuit breaker ready status.
If an industrial feeder employs cables it may not be advisable to use
autoreclosing, as cable faults are not transient but permanent.

34

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1MRS756510 E

GUID-C341207A-5B43-415A-93E3-30FFBC16B9C7 V1 EN

Figure 10:

Autoreclosing

3.2.6

Protection functions

3.2.6.1

Three-phase current inrush detection INRPHAR

The configuration includes a three-phase current inrush detection function. The
function can be used for increasing, typically double, the set start value of the
directional overcurrent (DOC) as well as non-directional overcurrent stage (OC)
during inrush condition. This is done by the ENA_MULT input and the Start value
mult setting in the corresponding function blocks. The default multiplier setting is
1.0.

3.2.6.2

Non-directional overcurrent protection PHxPTOC

The three-phase non-directional overcurrent functions are used for non-directional
one-phase, two-phase and three-phase overcurrent and short-circuit protection with
definite time or various inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) characteristic. The
operation of a stage is based on three measuring principles: DFT, RMS or peak-topeak values.

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The configuration includes four variants of non-directional overcurrent functions:

high 1, high 2, low and instantaneous. The set of three phase currents, I3P, is
connected to the inputs. The inrush function can increase the start value of each
overcurrent function.
A common operate and start signal from all the four non-directional overcurrent
functions are connected to an OR-gate to form a combined non-directional
overcurrent operate and start signal which is used to provide a LED indication on
the LHMI. Also separate start and operate from all the four OC functions are
connected to the disturbance recorder.

GUID-35BF2B0F-6AD8-4062-93CE-BDA860891522 V1 EN

Figure 11:

3.2.6.3

Non-directional overcurrent and negative-sequence overcurrent

protection

Directional overcurrent protection DPHxPDOC

The three-phase directional overcurrent functions are used for directional onephase, two-phase and three-phase overcurrent and short-circuit protection with
definite time or various inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) characteristic. The
operation of a stage is based on three measuring principles: DFT, RMS or peak-topeak values.
The configuration includes three variants of directional overcurrent functions: high,
low 1 and low 2. The polarizing quantity can be phase-to-phase voltage, phase-to-

36

REF630
Application Manual

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

ground voltage, positive-sequence voltage or negative-sequence voltage. The set of

three phase currents and voltages, I3P and U3P, is connected to the inputs. The
inrush function can increase the start value of each overcurrent function.
A common operate and start signal from all the three overcurrent functions are
connected to an OR-gate to form a combined directional overcurrent operate and
start signal which is used to provide a LED indication on the LHMI. Also separate
start and operate signals from all the three DOC functions are connected to a
disturbance recorder.

GUID-80FF66BF-1F0E-4EDA-9CEC-F218D38B3963 V1 EN

Figure 12:

3.2.6.4

Directional overcurrent, phase discontinuity and thermal overload

protection

Negative-sequence overcurrent protection NSPTOC

Two instances of negative-sequence overcurrent detection are provided, for
protection against single-phasing, unbalanced load or asymmetrical feeder voltage.
The set of three phase currents, I3P, is connected to the inputs.

REF630
Application Manual

37

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

A common operate and start signal from both NSPTOC functions are connected to
an OR-gate to form a combined negative-sequence overcurrent operate and start
signal which is used to provide a LED indication on the LHMI. Also separate start
and operate signals from the NSPTOC function is connected to the disturbance
recorder.

3.2.6.5

Phase discontinuity protection PDNSPTOC

The phase discontinuity protection functions are used for protection against broken
phase conductors in distribution networks. Definite-time (DT) characteristic is
always used. Operation of the stage is based on ratio of 2nd harmonic and
fundamental frequency of phase currents.
The set of three phase currents, I3P, is connected to the inputs. Operate and start
signals are used to trigger the disturbance recorder and to provide a LED indication
on the LHMI.

3.2.6.6

Non-directional earth-fault protection EFxPTOC

The non-directional earth-fault protection functions are used for protection under
earth-fault conditions with definite-time (DT) or with inverse definite minimum
time (IDMT) characteristic when appropriate.
The operation of the stage is based on three measuring principles: DFT, RMS or peakto-peak values. The configuration includes high-stage non-directional current
functions. The set of three phase currents, I3P, is connected to the inputs.
The start and operate signals from the high-stage non-directional current function is
connected to the disturbance recorder.

3.2.6.7

Intermittent earth-fault protection INTRPTEF

Intermittent earth-fault function is a dedicated earth-fault protection function in
intermittent and transient earth faults occurring in distribution networks. Definite
time (DT) characteristic is always used. In the configuration, the intermittent
function is used in parallel with directional earth-fault protection. Directional earthfault function is blocked by an intermittent earth-fault function to prevent
erroneous trips when the function is set to operate with Intermittent EF" mode.
The start and operate signals from INTRPTEF is connected to the disturbance
recorder. Also a common operate and start signal from the high-stage earth-fault
protection and intermittent earth-fault functions are connected to an OR-gate to
form a combined non-directional earth-fault operate and start signal which is used
to provide a LED indication on the LHMI.

38

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Application Manual

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

3.2.6.8

Directional earth-fault protection DEFxPDEF

The directional earth-fault protection functions are used for directional earth-fault
protection with definite-time (DT) or with inverse definite minimum time (IDMT)
characteristic when appropriate.
The set of three phase currents, I3P, is connected to the inputs. The operation of the
stage is based on three measuring principles: DFT, RMS or peak-to-peak values.
The configuration includes three variants of directional earth-fault protection
function: high, low 1 and low 2. The set of three phase currents and voltages, I3P
and U3P, are connected to the inputs. The directional earth-fault protections are
blocked by an intermittent earth-fault function.
The IED's characteristics angle control can be done by binary input BIO_3 BI1. A
common operate and start signal from all three directional earth-faults are
connected to an OR-gate to form a combined directional earth-fault operate and
start signal which are further used to trigger the disturbance recorder and to provide
a LED indication on the LHMI.

GUID-B2D2869A-F1F7-48A5-9A77-812B8C63F500 V1 EN

Figure 13:

REF630
Application Manual

Earth-fault protection

39

Section 3
REF630 variants
3.2.6.9

1MRS756510 E

Thermal overload protection T1PTTR

The three-phase thermal overload protection function is used for thermal protection
of the three-phase power cables and overhead lines. It has adjustable temperature
limits for tripping, alarm and reclose inhibit. The thermal model applied uses one
time constant and the true RMS current measuring principle.
The operate signal from the thermal overload protection is further used to trigger
the disturbance recorder. Both the operate and alarm signals provide a LED
indication on the LHMI.

3.2.6.10

Circuit-breaker failure protection CCBRBRF

The function is activated by the common operate command from the protection
functions. The breaker failure function issues a backup trip command to adjacent
circuit breakers in case the main circuit breaker fails to trip for the protected
component. The backup trip is connected at binary output BIO_3 PO3.
A failure of a circuit breaker is detected by measuring the current or by detecting
the remaining trip signal. Function also provides retrip. Retrip is used along with
the main trip, and is activated before the backup trip signal is generated in case the
main breaker fails to open. Retrip is used to increase the operational reliability of
the circuit breaker.

3.2.6.11

Tripping logic TRPPTRC

Tripping logic has been configured to provide tripping signal of required duration.
The tripping circuit opens the circuit breaker on

Receipt of operate signal from the protection function or

Retrip signal from the circuit-breaker failure protection.

Two master tripping signals are available at binary output PSM PO1 and PSM PO3.

40

REF630
Application Manual

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

GUID-9C15DB69-98E5-49EB-836A-CF0B247D2DF4 V1 EN

Figure 14:

3.2.6.12

Tripping logic and breaker failure protection

Combined operate and start alarm signal

The operate outputs of all protection functions are combined in an OR-gate to get a
common Operate output. This common operate signal is connected to a tripping
logic. It is also available as an alarm binary output, BIO_3_SO2, with a settable
minimum alarm delay of 80 ms. Also, a common Start output is derived from the
start outputs of protection functions combined in an OR-gate. The output is
available as an alarm binary output PSM SO3 with a settable minimum alarm delay
of 80 ms.

REF630
Application Manual

41

Section 3
REF630 variants
3.2.6.13

1MRS756510 E

Other output and alarm signals

Combined directional and non-directional overcurrent (OC/DOC) operate

signal available at binary output PSM SO1
Combined directional and non-directional earth-fault (EF/DEF) operate signal
available at binary output PSM SO2
Combined alarm signal from circuit-breaker monitoring function available at
binary output BIO_3 SO4
Combined alarm signal from various supervision functions available at binary
output BIO_3 SO5
Upstream directional and non-directional overcurrent (OC/DOC) blocking
signal available at binary output BIO_3 SO1

3.2.7

Supervision functions

3.2.7.1

Trip circuit supervision TCSSCBR

Two instances of trip circuit supervision function are used for supervising Master
trip 1 and Master trip 2. Function continuously supervises trip circuit and an alarm
is issued in case of a failure of a trip circuit. The function does not perform the
supervision itself but it is used as an aid for configuration.
Function gives an indication via a LED on the LHMI on detection of any of the trip
circuit failure. To prevent unwanted alarms, the function is blocked when the
circuit breaker is open, one of the protection function operate signals is active.
An instance of trip circuit supervision is used to check the proper functioning of
closing circuit of the circuit breaker. This function is blocked when the circuit
breaker is in closed position to prevent unwanted alarms.

3.2.7.2

Fuse failure and current circuit supervision SEQRFUF, CCRDIF

The fuse failure and current circuit supervision functions give an alarm in case of a
failure in the secondary circuits between the voltage transformer or current
transformer and the IED respectively. The set of three phase currents and voltages,
I3P and U3P, are connected to the inputs.
An alarm is available on failure of the secondary circuits. Alarms are recorded by a
disturbance recorder.

3.2.7.3

Circuit-breaker condition monitoring SSCBR

The circuit-breaker condition monitoring function checks for the health of the
circuit breaker. The circuit breaker status is connected to the function via binary
inputs. Function requires also pressure lockout input and spring charged input
connected via binary input COM_101.BI12 and COM_101.BI13 respectively.
Various alarm outputs from the function are combined in an OR-gate to create a

42

REF630
Application Manual

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

master circuit-breaker monitoring alarm, which is available at binary output BIO_3

SO4.
All of the alarms are separately connected to the binary recorder and a combined
alarm is available as an indication via a LED on the LHMI.

GUID-F364F9E6-D33D-4ADD-82DA-5CFFE1960055 V2 EN

Figure 15:

3.2.8

Circuit-breaker condition monitoring and trip-circuit, fuse failure and

current measuring circuit supervision

Measurement and analog recording functions

The measured quantities in this configuration are:

REF630
Application Manual

Sequence current
Sequence voltage
Residual voltage
Residual current
Energy
Phase current
Phase voltage
Line voltage
Power with frequency

43

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

The measured quantities can be viewed in the measurement menu on the LHMI.
All analog input channels are connected to the analog disturbance recorder. When
any of these analog values violate the upper or lower threshold limits, the recorder
unit is triggered which in turn will record all the signals connected to the recorder.
Table 9:
Channel ID

Signals connected to the analog recorder

Description

Channel 1

Phase A current

Channel 2

Phase B current

Channel 3

Phase C current

Channel 4

Neutral current

Channel 5

Phase A voltage

Channel 6

Phase B voltage

Channel 7

Phase C voltage

Channel 8

Neutral voltage

Data connected to analog channels contain 20 samples per cycle.

GUID-AC75BF4F-D96B-4B06-B990-4FD23C4CE452 V1 EN

Figure 16:

44

Measurement and analog recording functions

REF630
Application Manual

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

3.2.9

Binary recording and LED configuration

All of the start and operate outputs from the respective protection functions,
various alarms from supervision functions, and important signals from control and
protective functions are connected to a binary recorder. In case of a fault, the
binary recorder is triggered which in turn will record all the signals connected to
the recorder.
Table 10:
Channel ID

Signals connected to the binary recorder

Description

Channel 1

Block by inrush protection

Channel 2

Start of directional overcurrent high stage

Channel 3

Operate of directional overcurrent high stage

Channel 4

Start of directional overcurrent low stage 1

Channel 5

Operate of directional overcurrent low stage 1

Channel 6

Start of directional overcurrent low stage 2

Channel 7

Operate of directional overcurrent low stage 2

Channel 8

Start of overcurrent high stage 1

Channel 9

Operate of overcurrent high stage 1

Channel 10

Start of overcurrent high stage 2

Channel 11

Operate of overcurrent high stage 2

Channel 12

Start of instantaneous overcurrent stage

Channel 13

Operate of instantaneous overcurrent stage

Channel 14

Start of overcurrent low stage

Channel 15

Operate of overcurrent low stage

Channel 16

Operate of thermal overload

Channel 17

Start of negative-sequence overcurrent stage 1

Channel 18

Operate of negative-sequence overcurrent stage 1

Channel 19

Start of negative-sequence overcurrent stage 2

Channel 20

Operate of negative-sequence overcurrent stage 2

Channel 21

Start of directional earth fault high stage

Channel 22

Operate of directional earth fault high stage

Channel 23

Start of directional earth fault low stage 1

Channel 24

Operate of directional earth fault low stage 1

Channel 25

Start of directional earth fault low stage 2

Channel 26

Operate of directional earth fault low stage 2

Channel 27

Start of earth-fault high stage

Channel 28

Operate of earth-fault high stage

Channel 29

Start of intermittent earth fault

Channel 30

Operate of intermittent earth fault

Channel 31

Start of phase-discontinuity protection

Table continues on next page

REF630
Application Manual

45

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

Channel ID

Description

Channel 32

Operate of phase-discontinuity protection

Channel 33

Circuit breaker closed

Channel 34

Circuit breaker is open

Channel 35

Unsuccessful autoreclosing

Channel 36

Autoreclosing function locked out

Channel 37

Reclose by autoreclosing

Channel 38

Backup trip from circuit-breaker failure protection

Channel 39

Retrip from circuit-breaker failure protection

Channel 40

Trip circuit alarm 1 (supervising master trip 1)

Channel 41

Trip circuit alarm 2 (supervising master trip 2)

Channel 42

Trip circuit alarm 3 (supervising closing circuit)

Channel 43

Current circuit supervision alarm

Channel 44

Fuse failure

Channel 45

Closing time of circuit breaker exceeded the limit

Channel 46

Opening time of circuit breaker exceeded the limit

Channel 47

Spring charge time of circuit breaker exceeded the limit

Channel 48

Number of circuit breaker operation exceeded the set limit

Channel 49

Pressure in circuit breaker below lockout limit

Channel 50

Circuit breaker maintenance alarm: number of operations exceeds the set limit

Channel 51

Circuit breaker maintenance alarm: accumulated energy exceeds the set limit

Channel 52

Circuit breaker not operated since long

The LEDs are configured for alarm indications.

Table 11:
LED No

LEDs configured on LHMI alarm page 1

LED color

Description

LED 1

Yellow

Combine start from DOC

LED 1

Red

Combine operate from DOC

LED 2

Yellow

Combine start from OC

LED 2

Red

Combine operate from OC

LED 3

Yellow

Combine start from NSOC

LED 3

Red

Combine operate from NSOC

LED 4

Yellow

Combine start from EF

LED 4

Red

Combine operate from EF

LED 5

Yellow

Combine start from DEF

LED 5

Red

Combine operate from DEF

LED 6

Yellow

Start from phase discontinuity

LED 6

Red

Operate from phase discontinuity

LED 7

Yellow

Operate from thermal overload

Table continues on next page

46

REF630
Application Manual

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

LED No

LED color

Description

LED 7

Red

Alarm from thermal overload

LED 8

Green

Autoreclosing ready

LED 8

Yellow

Autoreclosing in progress

LED 8

Red

Autoreclosing function locked out

LED 9

Red

Combine trip circuit supervision alarm

LED 10

Red

Backup trip from

protection function

LED 11

Red

Retrip from circuit-breaker protection

function

LED 12

Red

Alarm from circuit-breaker monitoring

function

LED 13

Red

Fuse failure supervision

LED 14

Red

Current circuit supervision alarm

circuit-breaker

3.3

Preconfiguration B for radial overhead/mixed line

feeder

3.3.1

Application
The functionality of the IED is designed to be used for selective short-circuit,
overcurrent and earth-fault protection of impedance grounded population feeders
on double busbar systems with one circuit breaker.
The objects controlled by the IED are the circuit breaker and the disconnector. The
earth switch is considered to be operated manually. The open, close and undefined
states of the circuit breaker, disconnectors and the earth switch are indicated on the
LHMI.
Required interlocking is configured in the IED.
The preconfiguration includes:

REF630
Application Manual

Control functions
Current protection functions
Supervision functions
Disturbance recorders
LEDs' configuration
Measurement functions

47

Section 3
REF630 variants
Functions

UL1UL2UL3

Uo

3.3.2

1MRS756510 E

REF630

FEEDER PROTECTION AND CONTROL IED

Preconguration B for radial overhead/mixed line feeder
LOCAL HMI *)

PROTECTION

ALSO AVAILABLE
- 5 prog. push buttons on LHMI
- Disturbance and fault recorders
- IED self-supervision
- Local/Remote push button on LHMI
- Sequence event recorder
- User management
- WebHMI

1 1
IO
94

3I

AND
I2>
46

I2/I1>
46PD

3Ith>F
49F

1 1

3I>
51P-1

3I>/Io>BF
51BF/51NBF

3I>>>
50P/51P
2

3I>>
51P-2

3I2f>
68

UL1UL2UL3

Io

PRECONFIGURATION

Io>>>
50N/51N

Io>
51N-1

Io>>
51N-2

OR
*) Fixed or detached LHMI is available.

COMMUNICATION

CONDITION MONITORING
AND SUPERVISION
1 1
FUSEF
60

1 1
CBCM
CBCM

1 1
MCS 3I
MCS 3I

OPTS
OPTM

1 2
Io>
67N-1

Protocols:
IEC 61850-8-1
IEC 60870-5-103
DNP3

1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
1 0FX1(LC)
1 0
(RJ45),

E
E

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

Interfaces:
Ethernet: TX
Serial:
Serial glass ber (ST),
Serial plastic ber
(snap-in connector)

3
TCS
TCM

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0

0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1

0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1

1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0

U<>
U<>

Uo
CONTROL AND INDICATION 1)

MEASUREMENT

3
FLOC
21FL

Z<
21, 21P, 21N
3

Yo>
21YN

P>
32R/32O

Io>HA
51NHA

Po>
32N
2

U2>
47O-

3U>
59

Io>
67N-2

3I>>
67-2

6
5
UFLS/R
f>
81LSH
81O
16
MAP
MAP

Ctrl 2)

CB

DC

3
3U<
27

Object

Q>, 3U<
32Q, 27
2

U1>
47O+

Uo>
59G

Io>IEF
67NIEF
5

1)

2)

U1<
47U+

3I>
67-1

ES

Check availability of binary inputs/outputs

from technical documentation
Control and indication function for
primary object

1 1
OI
79

SYNC
25

Io>Y
67YN

- I, U, Io, Uo, P, Q, E, pf, f

- Symmetrical components
- Limit value supervision
Analog interface types

Current transformer

51)

Voltage transformer

1)

One of available current transformer

inputs is sensitive (0.1 / 0.5 A)

PQM3I
PQM3I

PQM3Upe
PQM3Vpg

PQM3Upp
PQM3Vpp

5
df/dt>
81R

f<
81U

PQMUBU
PQMUBV

PQMU
PQMV

2
SOTF
SOTF

REMARKS
Optional
function

2 No. of instances
enabled by default

Function(s) not enabled by

default in preconguration,
can be enabled afterwards

1 No. of instances not enabled

by default in preconguration,
can be enabled afterwards

GUID-041037E1-4C3F-4F83-BFFB-995BA916B55B V1 EN

Figure 17:

48

Functionality overview for preconfiguration B

REF630
Application Manual

1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
1 0

0
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
1 0
0

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

3.3.3

Input/output signal interfaces

Table 12:
Hardware module
instance

Interface of binary inputs

Hardware channel

Description

COM

BI1

Circuit breaker closed

COM

BI2

Circuit breaker open

COM

BI3

Disconnector 1 closed

COM

BI4

Disconnector 1 open

COM

BI5

Earth switch closed

COM

BI6

Earth switch open

COM

BI7

Disconnector 2 closed

COM

BI8

Disconnector 2 open

COM

BI9

Circuit breaker truck closed

COM

BI10

Circuit breaker truck open

COM

BI11

External start of circuit-breaker failure protection

COM

BI12

Pressure low from circuit breaker

COM

BI13

Spring charged from circuit breaker

COM

BI14

MCB for fuse failure supervision

The outputs of the IED are categorized as power outputs (POx) and signal outputs
(SOx). The power outputs can be used for closing and tripping of circuit breakers
and disconnector control. The signal outputs are not heavy-duty outputs. They are
used for alarm or signaling purposes.
Table 13:
Hardware module
instance

Interface of binary outputs

Hardware channel

Description

PSM

BO1_PO

Master trip 1 (circuit breaker open)

PSM

BO2_PO

Master close (circuit breaker closed)

PSM

BO3_PO

Master trip 2 (circuit breaker open)

PSM

BO4_PO

Disconnector 1 open

PSM

BO5_PO

Disconnector 1 closed

PSM

BO6_PO

Not connected

PSM

BO7_SO

OC operate alarm

PSM

BO8_SO

EF/DEF operate alarm

PSM

BO9_SO

Common start

BIO_3

BO1_PO

Disconnector 2 open

BIO_3

BO2_PO

Disconnector 2 closed

BIO_3

BO3_PO

Backup trip

BIO_3

BO4_SO

Upstream OC block

BIO_3

BO5_SO

Common operate

Table continues on next page

REF630
Application Manual

49

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

Hardware module
instance

Hardware channel

Description

BIO_3

BO6_SO

Not connected

BIO_3

BO7_SO

Circuit-breaker monitoring alarm

BIO_3

BO8_SO

Supervision circuit alarm

BIO_3

BO9_SO

Not connected

The IED measures the analog signals needed for protection and measuring
functions via galvanically isolated matching transformers. The matching
transformer input channels 14 are intended for current measuring and channels
7...10 for voltage measuring.
Table 14:

Interface of analog inputs

Hardware module
instance

3.3.4

Hardware channel

Description

AIM_2

CH1

Phase current IL1

AIM_2

CH2

Phase current IL2

AIM_2

CH3

Phase current IL3

AIM_2

CH4

Neutral current I0

AIM_2

CH5

Current I0 from CBCT

AIM_2

CH6

Not available

AIM_2

CH7

Phase voltage UL1

AIM_2

CH8

Phase voltage UL2

AIM_2

CH9

Phase voltage UL3

AIM_2

CH10

Neutral voltage U0

Preprocessing blocks and fixed signals

The analog current and voltage signals coming to the IED are processed by
preprocessing blocks. There are two types of preprocessing blocks based on 20
samples per cycle and 80 samples per cycle. All function blocks functioning at 5
ms task time need 80 samples per cycle whereas all the rest need 20 samples per cycle.
A fixed signal block providing a logical TRUE and a logical FALSE output has
been used. Outputs are connected internally to other functional blocks when needed.
Even if the AnalogInputType setting of a SMAI block is set to
Current, the MinValFreqMeas setting is still visible. This means
that the minimum level for current amplitude is based on UBase. As
an example, if UBase is 20 kV, the minimum amplitude for current
is 20000 10% = 2000 A.

50

REF630
Application Manual

Section 3
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1MRS756510 E

3.3.5

Control functions

3.3.5.1

Bay control QCCBAY

Bay control is used to handle the selection of the operator place per bay. It provides
blocking functions that can be distributed to different apparatuses within the bay.
Bay control sends information about the permitted source to operate (PSTO) and
blocking conditions to other functions within the bay, for example switch control
functions.

3.3.5.2

Apparatus control SCILO, GNRLCSWI, DAXCBR, DAXSWI

Apparatus control initializes and supervises proper selection and switches on
primary apparatus. Each apparatus requires interlocking function, switch control
function and apparatus functions.

Circuit-breaker control function

The circuit breaker is controlled by a combination of switch interlocking (SCILO),
switch controller (GNRLCSWI) and circuit breaker controller (DAXCBR) functions.
The position information of the circuit breaker and the truck are connected to
DAXCBR. The interlocking logics for the circuit breaker have been programmed
to open at any time, provided that the gas pressure inside the circuit breaker is
above the lockout limit. Closing of the circuit breaker is always prevented if the
gas pressure inside the circuit breaker is below the lockout limit or the truck is
open or spring charge time is above the set limit. In case the earth switch is closed,
check that both disconnectors are open while closing the circuit breaker.
SCILO function checks for the interlocking conditions and provides closing and
opening enable signals. The enable signal is used by GNRLCSWI function block
which checks for operator place selector before providing the final open or close
signal to DAXCBR function.
The open, closed and undefined states of the circuit breaker are indicated on the
LHMI.

Disconnector 1, disconnector 2 and earth switch control function

Disconnector 1, disconnector 2, and earth switch are controlled by a combination
of SCILO, GNRLCSWI and DAXSWI functions. Each apparatus requires one set
of these functions.
The position information of the disconnectors and the earth switch are connected to
respective DAXSWI functions via binary inputs. The interlocking logics for the
disconnector have been programmed so that it can be opened or closed only if other
three apparatuses, that is circuit breaker, earth switch and one of the disconnectors,
are open. Interlocking for the earth switch depends on the circuit-breaker condition.
If the circuit breaker is open, it is possible to open or close the earth switch at any

REF630
Application Manual

51

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

time. If the circuit breaker is in closed, it is required that the other two
disconnectors are open.
SCILO function checks for these conditions and provides closing and opening
enable signals. The enable signal is used by GNRLCSWI function blocks which
check for operator place selector before providing the final open or close signal to
DAXCBR function.
The open, closed and undefined states of the disconnector 1, disconnector 2 and
earth switch are indicated on the LHMI.
The interlocking condition for the disconnector can be different in
case a bus sectionalizer is available in the system.

52

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Application Manual

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

GUID-3FEC4A93-BFE0-4386-8091-0D83339E19EE V1 EN

Figure 18:

3.3.5.3

Apparatus control

Autoreclosing DARREC
Majority of medium voltage overhead line faults are transient and automatically
cleared by momentarily de-energizing the line, whereas the rest of the faults, 15 to
20 percent, are cleared by longer interruptions. The de-energization of the fault
place for a wanted period of time is implemented by autoreclosing relays or
functions. Automatic reclosing is capable of clearing most of the faults. At a
permanent fault, autoreclosing is followed by the final tripping. A permanent fault
has to be located and cleared before the fault location can be re-energized.

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The function block provides five programmable autoreclose shots for creating
autoreclosings of wanted type and duration, such as one high-speed and one
delayed autoreclosing. The function consists of six individual initiation lines
INIT_1... INIT 6 from which lines INIT_1...3 are used in the preconfiguration. It is
possible to create an individual autoreclosing sequence for each input.
In this preconfiguration the autoreclosing function is initiated (lines INIT_1..3)
from the operation of protection functions. The autoreclosing function allows also
initiation from the start of the protection function, then opening the circuit breaker
(OPEN CB) and performing a fast final trip.
The autoreclosing function can be inhibited with the INHIBIT_RECL input.
Operate signals of negative sequence overcurrent, phase discontinuity, intermittent
earth fault and circuit-breaker gas pressure lock are connected to INHIBIT_RECL
input. Spring charged input available from the circuit breaker at binary input
COM_101 BI13 is used to check the ready status of circuit breaker before
autoreclosing. Inhibit autoreclose signal from the thermal overload protection is
connected to BLK_THERM input.
The outputs describing closing command (reclose) to a circuit breaker,
unsuccessful autoreclosing and autoreclosing locked-out (CLOSE CB,
UNSUC_AR, and LOCKED) are connected to binary recorders. Whereas
autoreclosing ready, autoreclosing in progress and autoreclosing locked-out
(READY, INPRO and LOCKED) outputs are connected to LED indication on the
LHMI.
Status indicating that circuit breaker in open state is connected to the CB_POS
inputs. With this connection the setting is CB closed Pos status = FALSE.
CLOSE CB output is used for closing the circuit breaker. Before any autoreclosing
signal is activated the function block checks for the circuit breaker ready status.
If an industrial feeder employs cables it may not be advisable to use
autoreclosing, as cable faults are not transient but permanent.

54

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Application Manual

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REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

GUID-C341207A-5B43-415A-93E3-30FFBC16B9C7 V1 EN

Figure 19:

3.3.6
3.3.6.1

Autoreclosing

Protection functions

Detectarea curentului trifazat de oc INPHAR

Three-phase current inrush detection INRPHAR
The configuration includes a three-phase current inrush detection function. The
function can be used for increasing, typically double, the set start value of the nondirectional overcurrent stage (OC) during inrush condition. This is done by the
ENA_MULT input and the Start value mult setting in the corresponding function
blocks. The default multiplier setting is 1.0.

3.3.6.2

Protecia maximal de curent nedirecionat PHxPTOC

Non-directional overcurrent protection PHxPTOC
The three-phase non-directional overcurrent functions are used for non-directional
one-phase, two-phase and three-phase overcurrent and short-circuit protection with
definite time or various inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) characteristic. The
operation of a stage is based on three measuring principles: DFT, RMS or peak-topeak values.

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The configuration includes four variants of non-directional overcurrent functions:

high 1, high 2, low and instantaneous. The set of three phase currents, I3P, is
connected to the inputs. The inrush function can increase the start value of each
overcurrent function.
A common operate and start signal from all the four non-directional overcurrent
functions are connected to an OR-gate to form a combined non-directional
overcurrent operate and start signal which is used to provide a LED indication on
the LHMI. Also separate start and operate from all the four OC functions are
connected to the disturbance recorder.

3.3.6.3

Protecia maximal de curent de secven invers NSPTOC

Negative-sequence overcurrent protection NSPTOC
Two instances of negative-sequence overcurrent detection are provided, for
protection against single-phasing, unbalanced load or asymmetrical feeder voltage.
The set of three phase currents, I3P, is connected to the inputs.
A common operate and start signal from both NSPTOC functions are connected to
an OR-gate to form a combined negative-sequence overcurrent operate and start
signal which is used to provide a LED indication on the LHMI. Also separate start
and operate signals from the NSPTOC function is connected to the disturbance
recorder.

56

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Application Manual

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

GUID-1378C047-42E7-4016-80B7-3482BA186092 V1 EN

Figure 20:

3.3.6.4

Non-directional overcurrent and negative-sequence overcurrent

protection

Protecia mpotriva ntreruperii unei faze PDNSPTOC

Phase discontinuity protection PDNSPTOC
The phase discontinuity protection functions are used for protection against broken
phase conductors in distribution networks. Definite-time (DT) characteristic is
always used. Operation of the stage is based on ratio of 2nd harmonic and
fundamental frequency of phase currents.
The set of three phase currents, I3P, is connected to the inputs. Operate and start
signals are used to trigger the disturbance recorder and to provide a LED indication
on the LHMI.

3.3.6.5

Protecia homopolar nedirecional EFxPTOC

Non-directional earth-fault protection EFxPTOC
The non-directional earth-fault protection functions are used for protection under
earth fault conditions with definite-time (DT) or with inverse definite minimum
time (IDMT) characteristic when appropriate.
The operation of the stage is based on three measuring principles: DFT, RMS or peakto-peak values. The configuration includes three variants of non-directional earth-

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Application Manual

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1MRS756510 E

fault functions: high, low and instantaneous. The set of three phase currents, I3P, is
connected to the inputs.
A common operate and start signal from all the three non-directional earth-fault
functions are connected to an OR-block to form a combined non-directional earthfault operate and start signal which is used to provide a LED indication on the
LHMI. Also separate start and operate signals from all the three EF functions are
connected to the disturbance recorder.

3.3.6.6

Protecia homopolar direcional DEFxPDEF

Directional earth-fault protection DEFxPDEF
The directional earth-fault protection function block is set to operate as nondirectional earth-fault protection, with definite-time (DT) or with inverse definite
minimum time (IDMT) characteristic when appropriate.
The set of three phase currents and voltages, I3P and U3P, are connected to the
inputs. The operation of the stage can be based on three measuring principles:
DFT, RMS or peak-to-peak values.
The configuration includes low-stage directional earth-fault protection. The
residual current inputs are obtained through residual connection of three numbers
of single phase current transformers or a core-balanced current transformer or
through a single current transformer connected to neutral of a star-connected
transformer. To achieve the highest sensitivity and accuracy, use a separate neutral
current transformer connection to sensitive dedicated current channel 5 of the IED.
A directional earth-fault operate and start signal is used to trigger the disturbance
recorder and to provide a LED indication on the LHMI.

3.3.6.7

Protecia de suprasarcin (termic) T1PTTR

Thermal overload protection T1PTTR
The three-phase thermal overload protection function is used for thermal protection
of the three-phase power cables and overhead lines. It has adjustable temperature
limits for tripping, alarm and reclose inhibit. The thermal model applied uses one
time constant and the true RMS current measuring principle.
The operate signal from the thermal overload protection is further used to trigger
the disturbance recorder. Both the operate and alarm signals provide a LED
indication on the LHMI.

58

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Application Manual

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

GUID-0AFD2863-36F7-4C77-84BE-F060DF1E64CD V1 EN

Figure 21:

3.3.6.8

Earth-fault, phase discontinuity and thermal overload protection

Protecia la refuz de declanare ntreruptor CCBRBRF

Circuit-breaker failure protection CCBRBRF
The function is activated by the common operate command from the protection
functions. The breaker failure function issues a backup trip command to adjacent
circuit breakers in case the main circuit breaker fails to trip for the protected
component. The backup trip is connected at binary output BIO_3 PO3.
A failure of a circuit breaker is detected by measuring the current or by detecting
the remaining trip signal. Function also provides retrip. Retrip is used along with
the main trip, and is activated before the backup trip signal is generated in case the

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Application Manual

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1MRS756510 E

main breaker fails to open. Retrip is used to increase the operational reliability of
the circuit breaker.

3.3.6.9

Logica de declanare TRPPTRC

Tripping logic TRPPTRC
Tripping logic has been configured to provide tripping signal of required duration.
The tripping circuit opens the circuit breaker on

Receipt of operate signal from the protection function or

Retrip signal from the circuit-breaker failure protection.

Two master tripping signals are available at binary output PSM PO1 and PSM PO3.

GUID-9C15DB69-98E5-49EB-836A-CF0B247D2DF4 V1 EN

Figure 22:

3.3.6.10

Tripping logic and breaker failure protection

Modul de operare combinat i semnalul de pornire a alarmei

Combined operate and start alarm signal

Semnalele tuturor proteciilor snt introduse ntr-o poart SAU pentru a se obine un singur semnal de ieire care este conectat la logica
de deconectare a ntreruptorului. De asemenea el este folosit ca un semnal binar pentru alarm.

The operate outputs of all protection functions are combined in an OR-gate to get a
common Operate output. This common operate signal is connected to a tripping
logic. It is also available as an alarm binary output, BIO_3_SO2, with a settable
minimum alarm delay of 80 ms. Also, a common Start output is derived from the
start outputs of protection functions combined in an OR-gate. The output is

60

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1MRS756510 E

available as an alarm binary output PSM SO3 with a settable minimum alarm delay
of 80 ms.

3.3.6.11

Other output and alarm signals

Combined overcurrent (OC) operate signal available at binary output PSM SO1
Combined earth fault and sensitive earth-fault (EF/DEF) operate signal
available at binary output PSM SO2
Combined alarm signal from circuit-breaker monitoring function available at
binary output BIO_3 SO4
Combined alarm signal from various supervision functions available at binary
output BIO_3 SO5
Upstream overcurrent (OC) blocking signal available at binary output BIO_3
SO1

3.3.7

Funcii de supraveghere
Supervision functions

3.3.7.1

Supravegherea circuitului de declanare TCSSCBR

Trip circuit supervision TCSSCBR
Two instances of trip circuit supervision function are used for supervising Master
trip 1 and Master trip 2. Function continuously supervises trip circuit and an alarm
is issued in case of a failure of a trip circuit. The function does not perform the
supervision itself but it is used as an aid for configuration.
Function gives an indication via a LED on the LHMI on detection of any of the trip
circuit failure. To prevent unwanted alarms, the function is blocked when the
circuit breaker is open, one of the protection function operate signals is active.
An instance of trip circuit supervision is used to check the proper functioning of
closing circuit of the circuit breaker. This function is blocked when the circuit
breaker is in closed position to prevent unwanted alarms.

3.3.7.2

Circuitul de supraveghere ardere sigurane i supraveghere curent

Fuse failure and current circuit supervision SEQRFUF, CCRDIF
The fuse failure and current circuit supervision functions give an alarm in case of a
failure in the secondary circuits between the voltage transformer or current
transformer and the IED respectively. The set of three phase currents and voltages,
I3P and U3P, are connected to the inputs.
An alarm is available on failure of the secondary circuits. Alarms are recorded by a
disturbance recorder.

3.3.7.3

Monitorizarea condiiilor de lucru ale ntreruptorului SSCBR

Circuit-breaker condition monitoring SSCBR
The circuit-breaker condition monitoring function checks for the health of the
circuit breaker. The circuit breaker status is connected to the function via binary
inputs. Function requires also pressure lockout input and spring charged input

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1MRS756510 E

connected via binary input COM_101.BI12 and COM_101.BI13 respectively.

Various alarm outputs from the function are combined in an OR-gate to create a
master circuit-breaker monitoring alarm, which is available at binary output BIO_3
SO4.
All of the alarms are separately connected to the binary recorder and a combined
alarm is available as an indication via a LED on the LHMI.

GUID-F364F9E6-D33D-4ADD-82DA-5CFFE1960055 V2 EN

Figure 23:

3.3.8

Circuit-breaker condition monitoring and trip-circuit, fuse failure and

current measuring circuit supervision

Funcii se msurare i nregistrare analogic

Measurement and analog recording functions
The measured quantities in this configuration are:

62

Sequence current
Sequence voltage
Residual voltage
Residual current
Energy
Phase current

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Application Manual

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

Phase voltage
Line voltage
Power with frequency

The measured quantities can be viewed in the measurement menu on the LHMI.
All analog input channels are connected to the analog disturbance recorder. When
any of these analog values violate the upper or lower threshold limits, the recorder
unit is triggered which in turn will record all the signals connected to the recorder.
Table 15:
Channel ID

Signals connected to the analog recorder

Description

Channel 1

Phase A current

Channel 2

Phase B current

Channel 3

Phase C current

Channel 4

Neutral current

Channel 5

Neutral current from CBCT

Channel 6

Phase A voltage

Channel 7

Phase B voltage

Channel 8

Phase C voltage

Channel 9

Neutral voltage

Data connected to analog channels contain 20 samples per cycle.

REF630
Application Manual

63

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

GUID-7BE6A942-DDC2-4D39-AB42-87C984C2015B V1 EN

Figure 24:

3.3.9

Measurement and analog recording

nregistrare binar i configurare LED-uri

Binary recording and LED configuration
All of the start and operate outputs from the respective protection functions,
various alarms from supervision functions, and important signals from control and
protective functions are connected to a binary recorder. In case of a fault, the
binary recorder is triggered which in turn will record all the signals connected to
the recorder.
Table 16:
Channel ID

Signals connected to the binary recorder

Description

Channel 1

Block by inrush protection

Channel 2

Start of overcurrent high stage 1

Channel 3

Operate of overcurrent high stage 1

Channel 4

Start of overcurrent high stage 2

Channel 5

Operate of overcurrent high stage 2

Channel 6

Start of instantaneous overcurrent stage

Channel 7

Operate of instantaneous overcurrent stage

Channel 8

Start of overcurrent low stage

Channel 9

Operate of overcurrent low stage

Channel 10

Start of instantaneous earth-fault stage

Table continues on next page

64

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Application Manual

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1MRS756510 E

Channel ID

Description

Channel 11

Operate of instantaneous earth-fault stage

Channel 12

Start of earth-fault high stage

Channel 13

Operate of earth-fault high stage

Channel 14

Start of earth-fault low stage

Channel 15

Operate of earth-fault low stage

Channel 16

Operate of thermal overload

Channel 17

Start of negative-sequence overcurrent stage 1

Channel 18

Operate of negative-sequence overcurrent stage 1

Channel 19

Start of negative-sequence overcurrent stage 2

Channel 20

Operate of negative-sequence overcurrent stage 2

Channel 21

Start of directional earth-fault, low stage

Channel 22

Operate of directional earth-fault, low stage

Channel 23

Start of phase discontinuity protection

Channel 24

Operate of phase discontinuity protection

Channel 25

Circuit breaker closed

Channel 26

Circuit breaker is open

Channel 27

Unsuccessful autoreclosing

Channel 28

Autoreclosing function locked out

Channel 29

Reclose by autoreclosing

Channel 30

Backup trip from circuit-breaker failure protection

Channel 31

Retrip from circuit-breaker failure protection

Channel 32

Trip circuit alarm 1 (supervising master trip 1)

Channel 33

Trip circuit alarm 2 (supervising master trip 2)

Channel 34

Trip circuit alarm 3 (supervising closing circuit )

Channel 35

Current circuit supervision alarm

Channel 36

Fuse failure

Channel 37

Closing time of circuit breaker exceeded the limit

Channel 38

Opening time of circuit breaker exceeded the limit

Channel 39

Spring charge time of circuit breaker exceeded the limit

Channel 40

Number of circuit breaker operation exceeded the set limit

Channel 41

Pressure in circuit breaker below lockout limit

Channel 42

Circuit breaker maintenance alarm: number of operations exceeds the set limit

Channel 43

Circuit breaker maintenance alarm: accumulated energy exceeds the set limit

Channel 44

Circuit breaker not operated since long

The LEDs are configured for alarm indications.

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1MRS756510 E

Table 17:
LED No

LEDs configured on LHMI alarm page 1

LED color

Description

LED 1

Yellow

Combine start from OC

LED 1

Red

Combine operate from OC

LED 2

Yellow

Combine start from NSOC

LED 2

Red

Combine operate from NSOC

LED 3

Yellow

Combine start from EF

LED 3

Red

Combine operate from EF

LED 4

Yellow

Start from DEF

LED 4

Red

Operate from DEF

LED 5

Yellow

Start from phase discontinuity

LED 5

Red

Operate from phase discontinuity

LED 6

Yellow

Operate from thermal overload

LED 6

Red

Alarm from thermal overload

LED 7

Green

Autoreclosing ready

LED 7

Yellow

Autoreclosing in progress

LED 7

Red

Autoreclosing function locked out

LED 8

Red

Combine trip circuit supervision alarm

LED 9

Red

Backup trip from circuit-breaker protection function

LED 10

Red

Retrip from circuit-breaker protection function

LED 11

Red

Alarm from circuit-breaker monitoring function

LED 12

Red

Fuse failure supervision

LED 13

Red

Current circuit supervision

3.4

Preconfiguration C for ring/meshed feeder

3.4.1

Application
The functionality of the IED is designed to provide selective, fast and reliable
protection to be used for overhead lines and power cables in interconnected
systems, where distance protection is generally applied. These systems are
typically operated in ring or meshed type of configurations, where the switching
state can be changed frequently due to daily operation and load flow considerations
making it impossible to apply simple overcurrent-based protection. The
configuration can also be applied for radial feeders to increase the sensitivity of the
protection especially if the short-circuit power of the source is low or it is changing
due to network operation. In addition to the comprehensive distance protection, the
configuration includes a multi-stage non-directional overcurrent protection as a backup protection in cases where distance protection is unavailable, for example, due to
failure in voltage measuring circuits.

66

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To enchance the selectivity and operating speed even more, the configuration
enables the application of scheme communication logic for distance protection and
for directional residual overcurrent protection. The application of the scheme
communication logic requires a communication link between the line ends, for
which a simple auxiliary voltage based arrangement, or a third-party
communication bus--based solutions capable of transmitting binary signals to both
directions, can be applied. If there is a risk of losing the synchronism between the
bus and line-side sources, for example, during the dead time of the autoreclosing
due to effects of local generation, the configuration can be completed with the
synchrocheck/voltagecheck functionality.
In solidly or low-impedance-earthed networks, the phase-to-earth measuring
elements provide selective and fast protection against earth faults. However, the
sensitivity of this protection may not be adequate due to the possibility of fault
resistance. Therefore, the configuration includes a multi-stage non-directional and
directional residual overcurrent protection to ensure adequate sensitivity of the
protection. This protection also operates as a back-up earth-fault protection for the
distance protection, and the low-set stage of these functions can be used to provide
a dedicated sensitive earth-fault protection.
In high-impedance-earthed networks, it is typical that the phase-to-earth elements
of the distance protection become blocked by the internal logic of the function
when a single-phase-to-earth fault is detected. Otherwise, a correct and adequate
operation of the distance protection during single-phase-to-earth faults cannot be
ensured. Therefore, if the configuration is used in case of unearthed or
compensated neutral point networks, sensitive and selective protection against
earth faults can be achieved by the multi-stage directional residual overcurrent
protection completed with possible scheme communication logic to fulfill the set
sensitivity and operating speed requirements. In addition, the configuration can
further be completed with transient based earth-fault protection function, which
also detects so called intermittent or re-striking earth faults.
The objects controlled by the IED are the circuit breaker and the disconnector. The
earth switch is considered to be operated manually. The open, close and undefined
states of the circuit breaker, disconnectors and the earth switch are indicated on the
LHMI.
Required interlocking is configured in the IED.
The preconfiguration includes:

REF630
Application Manual

Control functions
Current protection functions
Supervision functions
Disturbance recorders
LEDs' configuration
Measurement functions

67

Section 3
REF630 variants
Functions

UL1UL2UL3

Uo

3.4.2

1MRS756510 E

REF630

FEEDER PROTECTION AND CONTROL IED

Preconguration C for ring/meshed feeder
LOCAL HMI *)

PROTECTION

PRECONFIGURATION
ALSO AVAILABLE

- 5 prog. push buttons on LHMI

- Disturbance and fault recorders
- IED self-supervision
- Local/Remote push button on LHMI
- Sequence event recorder
- User management
- WebHMI

1 1
IO
94

3I

AND

2
I2>
46

Z<
21, 21P, 21N

I2/I1>
46PD

OR
*) Fixed or detached LHMI is available.

1 1
3Ith>F
49F

3I>>>
50P/51P

3I>/Io>BF
51BF/51NBF

2
3I>
51P-1

3I>>
51P-2

3I2f>
68

UL1UL2UL3

COMMUNICATION

CONDITION MONITORING
AND SUPERVISION
1 1
FUSEF
60

1 1
CBCM
CBCM

1 1
MCS 3I
MCS 3I

OPTS
OPTM

Protocols:
IEC 61850-8-1
IEC 60870-5-103
DNP3

1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
1 0FX1(LC)
1 0
(RJ45),

E
E

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

Interfaces:
Ethernet: TX
Serial:
Serial glass ber (ST),
Serial plastic ber
(snap-in connector)

3
TCS
TCM

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0

0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1

0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1

1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0

Io

Io>>
51N-2

U<>
U<>

Io>
67N-2

Io>
67N-1

Uo
CONTROL AND INDICATION 1)
3

3
3U<
27

3
3U>
59

Uo>
59G

Object

Ctrl 2)

CB

DC

ES
1)

1 1
SOTF
SOTF

FLOC
21FL

2)

3
Yo>
21YN
3

SYNC
25

- I, U, Io, Uo, P, Q, E, pf, f

- Symmetrical components
- Limit value supervision
Analog interface types

Current transformer

51)

Voltage transformer

1)

One of available current transformer

inputs is sensitive (0.1 / 0.5 A)

PQM3I
PQM3I

PQM3Upe
PQM3Vpg

P>
32R/32O

U2>
47O-

PQM3Upp
PQM3Vpp

U1<
47U+

Io>>>
50N/51N

Io>
51N-1

PQMUBU
PQMUBV

3I>
67-1

3I>>
67-2

Io>IEF
67NIEF

Q>, 3U<
32Q, 27
2

Check availability of binary inputs/outputs

from technical documentation
Control and indication function for
primary object

1 1
OI
79

Po>
32N

MEASUREMENT

2
U1>
47O+

PQMU
PQMV

2
Io>HA
51NHA

REMARKS
Io>Y
67YN
5
f<
81U

6
5
UFLS/R
f>
81LSH
81O

5
df/dt>
81R

16
MAP
MAP

Optional
function

2 No. of instances
enabled by default

Function(s) not enabled by

default in preconguration,
can be enabled afterwards

1 No. of instances not enabled

by default in preconguration,
can be enabled afterwards

GUID-A5805D15-8663-4995-B76C-A21248C18FBF V1 EN

Figure 25:

68

Functionality overview for preconfiguration C

REF630
Application Manual

1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
1 0

0
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
1 0
0

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

3.4.3

Input/output signal interfaces

Table 18:
Hardware module
instance

Interface of binary inputs

Hardware channel

Description

COM

BI1

Circuit breaker closed

COM

BI2

Circuit breaker open

COM

BI3

Disconnector 1 closed

COM

BI4

Disconnector 1 open

COM

BI5

Earth switch closed

COM

BI6

Earth switch open

COM

BI7

Disconnector 2 closed

COM

BI8

Disconnector 2 open

COM

BI9

Circuit breaker truck closed

COM

BI10

Circuit breaker truck open

COM

BI11

External start of circuit-breaker failure protection

COM

BI12

Pressure low from circuit breaker

COM

BI13

Spring charged from circuit breaker

COM

BI14

MCB (for fuse failure supervision)

BIO_3

BI1

Relay characteristics angle (RCA) control

BIO_3

BI2

Carrier received - RESCPSCH

BIO_3

BI3

Carrier guard received

BIO_3

BI4

Carrier received - DSOCPSCH

BIO_3

BI5...BI9

Not connected

The outputs of the IED are categorized as power outputs (POx) and signal outputs
(SOx). The power outputs can be used for closing and tripping of circuit breakers
and disconnector control. The signal outputs are not heavy-duty outputs. They are
used for alarm or signaling purposes.
Table 19:
Hardware module
instance

Interface of binary outputs

Hardware channel

Description

PSM

BO1_PO

Master Trip 1 (circuit breaker open)

PSM

BO2_PO

Master Close (circuit breaker closed)

PSM

BO3_PO

Master Trip 2 (circuit breaker open)

PSM

BO4_PO

Disconnector 1 open

PSM

BO5_PO

Disconnector 1 closed

PSM

BO6_PO

Not connected

PSM

BO7_SO

Not connected

PSM

BO8_SO

Not connected

PSM

BO9_SO

Common start

Table continues on next page

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Hardware module
instance

Hardware channel

Description

BIO_3

BO1_PO

Disconnector 2 open

BIO_3

BO2_PO

Disconnector 2 closed

BIO_3

BO3_PO

Backup trip

BIO_3

BO4_SO

Carrier send - RESCPSCH

BIO_3

BO5_SO

Common operate

BIO_3

BO6_SO

Carrier send - DSOCPSCH

BIO_3

BO7_SO

Circuit breaker monitoring alarm

BIO_3

BO8_SO

Supervision circuit alarm

BIO_3

BO9_SO

Carrier guard send

The IED measures the analog signals needed for protection and measuring
functions via galvanically isolated matching transformers. The matching
transformer input channels 14 are intended for current measuring and channels
7...10 for voltage measuring.
Table 20:

Interface of analog inputs

Hardware module
instance

3.4.4

Hardware channel

Description

AIM_2

CH1

Phase current IL1

AIM_2

CH2

Phase current IL2

AIM_2

CH3

Phase current IL3

AIM_2

CH4

Neutral current I0

AIM_2

CH5

Not connected

AIM_2

CH6

Not available

AIM_2

CH7

Phase voltage UL1

AIM_2

CH8

Phase voltage UL2

AIM_2

CH9

Phase voltage UL3

AIM_2

CH10

Neutral voltage U0

Preprocessing blocks and fixed signals

The analog current and voltage signals coming to the IED are processed by
preprocessing blocks. There are two types of preprocessing blocks based on 20
samples per cycle and 80 samples per cycle. All function blocks functioning at 5
ms task time need 80 samples per cycle whereas all the rest need 20 samples per cycle.
A fixed signal block providing a logical TRUE and a logical FALSE output has
been used. Outputs are connected internally to other functional blocks when needed.
Even if the AnalogInputType setting of a SMAI block is set to
Current, the MinValFreqMeas setting is still visible. This means
that the minimum level for current amplitude is based on UBase. As

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an example, if UBase is 20 kV, the minimum amplitude for current

is 20000 10% = 2000 A.

3.4.5

Control functions

3.4.5.1

Bay control QCCBAY

Bay control is used to handle the selection of the operator place per bay. It provides
blocking functions that can be distributed to different apparatuses within the bay.
Bay control sends information about the permitted source to operate (PSTO) and
blocking conditions to other functions within the bay, for example switch control
functions.

3.4.5.2

Apparatus control SCILO, GNRLCSWI, DAXCBR, DAXSWI

Apparatus control initializes and supervises proper selection and switches on
primary apparatus. Each apparatus requires interlocking function, switch control
function and apparatus functions.

Circuit-breaker control function

The circuit breaker is controlled by a combination of switch interlocking (SCILO),
switch controller (GNRLCSWI) and circuit breaker controller (DAXCBR) functions.
The position information of the circuit breaker and the truck are connected to
DAXCBR. The interlocking logics for the circuit breaker have been programmed
to open at any time, provided that the gas pressure inside the circuit breaker is
above the lockout limit. Closing of the circuit breaker is always prevented if the
gas pressure inside the circuit breaker is below the lockout limit or the truck is
open or spring charge time is above the set limit. In case the earth switch is closed,
check that both disconnectors are open while closing the circuit breaker.
SCILO function checks for the interlocking conditions and provides closing and
opening enable signals. The enable signal is used by GNRLCSWI function block
which checks for operator place selector before providing the final open or close
signal to DAXCBR function.
The open, closed and undefined states of the circuit breaker are indicated on the
LHMI.

Disconnector 1, disconnector 2 and earth switch control function

Disconnector 1, disconnector 2, and earth switch are controlled by a combination
of SCILO, GNRLCSWI and DAXSWI functions. Each apparatus requires one set
of these functions.
The position information of the disconnectors and the earth switch are connected to
respective DAXSWI functions via binary inputs. The interlocking logics for the

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disconnector have been programmed so that it can be opened or closed only if other
three apparatuses, that is circuit breaker, earth switch and one of the disconnectors,
are open. Interlocking for the earth switch depends on the circuit-breaker condition.
If the circuit breaker is open, it is possible to open or close the earth switch at any
time. If the circuit breaker is in closed, it is required that the other two
disconnectors are open.
SCILO function checks for these conditions and provides closing and opening
enable signals. The enable signal is used by GNRLCSWI function blocks which
check for operator place selector before providing the final open or close signal to
DAXCBR function.
The open, closed and undefined states of the disconnector 1, disconnector 2 and
earth switch are indicated on the LHMI.
The interlocking condition for the disconnector can be different in
case a bus sectionalizer is available in the system.

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GUID-3FEC4A93-BFE0-4386-8091-0D83339E19EE V1 EN

Figure 26:

3.4.5.3

Apparatus control

Autoreclosing DARREC
Majority of medium voltage overhead line faults are transient and automatically
cleared by momentarily de-energizing the line, whereas the rest of the faults, 15 to
20 percent, are cleared by longer interruptions. The de-energization of the fault
place for a wanted period of time is implemented by autoreclosing relays or
functions. Automatic reclosing is capable of clearing most of the faults. In the
event of a permanent fault, autoreclosing is followed by the final tripping. A
permanent fault has to be located and cleared before the fault location can be reenergized.

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The function block provides five programmable autoreclose shots for creating
autoreclosings of wanted type and duration, such as one high-speed and one
delayed autoreclosing. The function consists of six individual initiation lines
INIT_1... INIT 6 from which lines lines INIT_1...4 are used in the
preconfiguration. It is possible to create an individual autoreclosing sequence for
each input.
In this preconfiguration the autoreclosing function is initiated (lines INIT_1..4)
from the operation of protection functions. The autoreclosing function allows also
initiation from the start of the protection function, then opening the circuit breaker
(OPEN CB) and performing a fast final trip.
The autoreclosing function can be inhibited with the INHIBIT_RECL input.
Operate signals of negative sequence overcurrent, phase discontinuity, intermittent
earth fault and circuit-breaker gas pressure lock are connected to INHIBIT_RECL
input. Spring charged input available from the circuit breaker at binary input
COM_101 BI13 is used to check the ready status of circuit breaker before
autoreclosing. Inhibit autoreclosing signal from the thermal overload protection is
connected to BLK_THERM input.
The outputs describing closing command (reclose) to a circuit breaker,
unsuccessful autoreclosing and autoreclosing locked-out (CLOSE CB,
UNSUC_AR, and LOCKED) are connected to binary recorders. Where as
autoreclosing ready, autoreclosing in progress and autoreclosing locked-out
(READY, INPRO and LOCKED) outputs are connected to LED indication on the
LHMI.
Status indicating that circuit breaker in open state is connected to the CB_POS
inputs. With this connection the setting is CB closed Pos status = FALSE.
CLOSE CB output is used for closing the circuit breaker. Before any autoreclosing
signal is activated the function block checks for the circuit breaker ready status.
If an industrial feeder employs cables it may not be advisable to use
autoreclosing, as cable faults are not transient but permanent.

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GUID-757E04BC-4814-41E3-AD7A-A401978F692D V1 EN

Figure 27:

Autoreclosing

3.4.6

Protection functions

3.4.6.1

Three-phase current inrush detection INRPHAR

The configuration includes a three-phase current inrush detection function. The
function can be used for increasing, typically double, the set start value of the nondirectional overcurrent stage (OC) during inrush condition. This is done by the
ENA_MULT input and the Start value mult setting in the corresponding function
blocks. The default multiplier setting is 1.0.

3.4.6.2

Non-directional overcurrent protection PHxPTOC

The three-phase non-directional overcurrent functions are used for non-directional
one-phase, two-phase and three-phase overcurrent and short-circuit protection with
definite time or various inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) characteristic. The
operation of a stage is based on three measuring principles: DFT, RMS or peak-topeak values.

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The configuration includes four variants of non-directional overcurrent functions:

high 1, high 2, low and instantaneous. The set of three phase currents, I3P, is
connected to the inputs. The inrush function can increase the start value of each
overcurrent function.
A common operate and start signal from all the four non-directional overcurrent
functions are connected to an OR-gate to form a combined non-directional
overcurrent operate and start signal which is used to provide a LED indication on
the LHMI. Also separate start and operate from all the four OC functions are
connected to the disturbance recorder.

3.4.6.3

Negative-sequence overcurrent protection NSPTOC

Two instances of negative-sequence overcurrent detection are provided, for
protection against single-phasing, unbalanced load or asymmetrical feeder voltage.
The set of three phase currents, I3P, is connected to the inputs.
A common operate and start signal from both NSPTOC functions are connected to
an OR-gate to form a combined negative-sequence overcurrent operate and start
signal which is used to provide a LED indication on the LHMI. Also separate start
and operate signals from the NSPTOC function is connected to the disturbance
recorder.

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GUID-9B29C6CC-AC89-434C-A190-224D080CA774 V2 EN

Figure 28:

3.4.6.4

Non-directional overcurrent and negative-sequence overcurrent

protection

Phase discontinuity protection PDNSPTOC

The phase discontinuity protection functions are used for protection against broken
phase conductors in distribution networks. Definite-time (DT) characteristic is
always used. Operation of the stage is based on ratio of 2nd harmonic and
fundamental frequency of phase currents.
The set of three phase currents, I3P, is connected to the inputs. Operate and start
signals are used to trigger the disturbance recorder and to provide a LED indication
on the LHMI.

3.4.6.5

Non-directional earth-fault protection EFxPTOC

The non-directional earth-fault protection functions are used for protection under
earth-fault conditions with definite-time (DT) or with inverse definite minimum
time (IDMT) characteristic when appropriate.

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The operation of the stage is based on three measuring principles: DFT, RMS or peakto-peak values. The configuration includes high-stage non-directional current
functions. The set of three phase currents, I3P, is connected to the inputs.
The start and operate signals from the high-stage non-directional current function is
connected to the disturbance recorder.

3.4.6.6

Directional earth-fault protection DEFxPDEF

The directional earth-fault protection functions are used for directional earth-fault
protection with definite-time (DT) or with inverse definite minimum time (IDMT)
characteristic when appropriate.
The operation of the stage is based on three measuring principles: DFT, RMS or peakto-peak values.
The configuration includes four variants of directional earth-fault protection
function: high, low 1, low 2 and low 3. The low stage directional earth-fault
protection is configured to operate in forward, reverse and forward direction
respectively. The set of three phase currents and voltages, I3P and U3P, are
connected to the inputs. One stage is used as a non-directional sensitive stage.
The IED's characteristics angle control can be done by binary input BIO_3 BI1. A
common operate and start signal from all four directional earth-faults are connected
to an OR-gate to form a combined directional earth-fault operate and start signal
which are further used to trigger the disturbance recorder and to provide a LED
indication on the LHMI.

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GUID-A96B2BE5-4A13-4FF3-9BF5-F750B494DC63 V1 EN

Figure 29:

3.4.6.7

Directional earth-fault protection

Three-phase overvoltage protection PHPTOV

The three-phase overvoltage protection function is designed to be used for phase-tophase or phase-to-earth overvoltage protection with definite time or inverse definite
minimum time (IDMT) characteristic.
The configuration includes three instances of overvoltage function blocks. The set
of three phase voltages, U3P, is connected to the inputs.
A common operate and start signal from all the three instances of phase
overvoltage protection are connected to an OR-gate to form a combined phase
overvoltage operate and start signal which is used to trigger the disturbance
recorder and to provide a LED indication on the LHMI.

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Three-phase undervoltage protection PHPTUV

The three-phase undervoltage protection function is designed to be used for phaseto-phase or phase-to-earth overvoltage protection with definite time or inverse
definite minimum time (IDMT) characteristic.
The configuration includes three instances of undervoltage protection function
blocks. The set of three phase voltages, U3P, is connected to the inputs. The
undervoltage protection is blocked in case of detection of fuse failure.
A common operate and start signal from all the three instances of undervoltage
protection are connected to an OR-gate to form a combined phase undervoltage
operate and start signal which is used to trigger the disturbance recorder and to
provide a LED indication on the LHMI.

GUID-9154CC42-7BAC-4E2F-82C2-1CFD2163BBDC V1 EN

Figure 30:

80

Under- and overvoltage protection

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3.4.6.9

Three-phase residual overvoltage protection ROVPTOV

The residual overvoltage function blocks operate with definite time (DT)
characteristics. The set of three phase voltages, U3P, is connected to the inputs.
The configuration includes three instances of residual overvoltage protection blocks.
The common operate and start signal from all the three instances of residual
overvoltage protection are connected to an OR-gate to form a combined residual
overvoltage operate and start signal which is further used to trigger a disturbance
recorder.
A common LED indication is provided on the LHMI for residual and phase
overvoltage.

GUID-DFD12114-1F1F-4FF6-AC2F-AC08A75A6B64 V1 EN

Figure 31:

3.4.6.10

Residual overvoltage and non-directional earth-fault protection

Distance protection DSTPDIS

Distance protection has three flexible, configurable impedance zones for protection
(Z1, Z2 and Z3) and two impedance zones for autoreclosing schemes (AR1 and AR2).
The set of three phase voltages, U3P, and phase currents, I3P, are connected to the
inputs. The inputs I3P_PAR and I3P_REF are connected to the fixed GRP_OFF
signal as they are not required with the present configuration. The distance
protection is blocked in case of fuse failure.

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The AR zones are activated only if AR_ZONES is connected to

AR_ZONES from autoreclosing function and the autoreclosing is
ON.
The operate and start signals from all five zones along with GFC are connected to
an OR-gate to form a distance protection operate and start signal which is used to
provide a common LED indication on the LHMI. Separate operate and start signals
from all five zones along with GFC are used to trigger the disturbance recorder.
The real and imaginary part of fault impedance value for zone Z1 is connected to
the disturbance recorder.

3.4.6.11

Automatic switch onto fault logic CVRSOF

CVRSOF is used as a complement to distance protection to accelerate the operation
of the protection, ensuring a fast trip when the breaker is closed during a fault. The
function has been configured to start its operation on receipt of start from GFC of
distance protection.
The set of three phase voltages, U3P and I3P, is connected to the inputs. The
function is blocked when autoreclosing is in progress.
The operate signal from CVRSOF is connected to a LED indication on the LHMI
and also to trigger the disturbance recorder.

3.4.6.12

Local acceleration logic DSTPLAL

DSTPLAL is a complementary function to the distance protection function. It is
not intended for stand-alone use. DSTPLAL enables fast fault clearing independent
of the fault location on the protected feeder when no communication channel is
available between the local and remote terminals. DSTPLAL cannot fully replace
communication scheme logic. DSTPLAL can be controlled either by the
autorecloser (zone extension logic) or by monitoring the loss of load currents (loss
of load logic). Both operation modes can be enabled independently.
The set of three phase currents, I3P, is connected to the inputs. Overreaching zone,
which is used for acceleration, is connected to zone extension and loss of load
inputs EX_ACC and LOSSLOAD_ACC respectively. The start signal from the nondirectional zone is connected to the NONDIR_ST input. In case the set reclaim
time of the autoreclose function expires before the fault has been cleared, the
NONDIR_ST signal blocks the activation of the zone acceleration. This ensures
that the accelerated trip followed by the AR initiation is not repeated for the same
fault regardless of the reclaim time setting and the reach of the overreaching zone
connected to EX_ACC. Otherwise this could lead to pumping of the circuit
breaker, that is, repetition of the first shot without being able to complete the
wanted AR sequence.
The operate signals, OP_LOSSLOAD and OP_Z_EXTN, are connected to the
disturbance recorder. These outputs along with other operate signals from distance

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support functions are connected to an OR-block to from a combined operate signal

from distance support functions.

3.4.6.13

Scheme communication logic for distance protection DSOCPSCH

To achieve instantaneous fault clearing independent of the fault location on the
protected feeder, a scheme communication logic DSOCPSCH is provided.
There are different types of communication schemes available.

Direct intertrip (DUTT)

Permissive underreach (PUTT)
Permissive overreach (POTT)
Directional comparison blocking (DCB)

The directional comparison unblocking scheme (DCUB) can also be provided by

complementing the permissive schemes by an additional logic called the
unblocking function, which is also included in DSOCPSCH.
If the permissive overreaching scheme is used, some power system conditions
require additional special logic circuits, like current reversal logic and weak-end
infeed logic (WEI) for distance protection CRWPSCH.
The BLK_CS input connected to the operate signal from current reversal logic is
used to block the carrier send signal from overreaching zone. It is applicable in
directional comparison blocking scheme (DCB) and in the permissive overreach
schemes (POTT).
The CSBLK input connected to the START signal from a reverse looking zone Z3
is used in the directional comparison blocking scheme (DCB) in order to create a
carrier send signal CS.
The CACC input connected to the START signal from an overreaching zone Z2 is
used in the permissive underreach scheme (PUTT) and in the directional
comparison blocking scheme (DCB).
The CSOR input connected to the START signal from an overreaching zone Z2 is
used in the permissive overreach scheme (POTT).
The CSUR input connected to the START signal from an underreaching zone Z1 is
used in the direct intertrip scheme (DUTT) and in the permissive underreach
scheme (PUTT). It can also be used in the permissive overreach scheme (POTT).
The CR input is a carrier received signal from the IED available at the opposite end
of the feeder via binary input BI0_3 BI4. Similarly, the CRG input is a carrier
guard signal used in the directional comparison unblocking scheme (DCUB)
available from the IED at the opposite end of the feeder via binary input BI0_3 BI3.
The CS output is the carrier send signal, send to the IED available at the opposite
end of the feeder and send via binary output BI0_3 SO3.

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The operate signal OPERATE along with carrier guard received, DSOCPSCH
carrier received and DSOCPSCH carrier send signals available at binary input
BI0_3 BI3, BI0_3 BI4 and binary output BI0_3 SO3 are connected to the
disturbance recorder.
The OPERATE output along with other operate signals from the distance support
functions are connected to an OR-block to form a combined operate signal from
the distance support functions.

3.4.6.14

Current reversal and weak-end infeed logic for distance protection

CRWPSCH
Scheme communication logic for distance protection (DSOCPSCH) may require
additional logics in order to operate correctly in all possible power system
conditions. These logics include for example current reversal logic and weak-end
infeed logic which are combined to the function block CRWPSCH.
The main purpose of the current reversal logic is to prevent unwanted operation of
the distance protection. In parallel feeder applications, the direction of fault current
on a healthy feeder can change when the circuit breaker on the faulty feeder opens
to clear the fault. This can lead to unwanted operation of the distance protection on
the healthy parallel feeder when scheme communication logic (DSOCPSCH) with
permissive overreach scheme is used.
Permissive communication schemes can operate only when the protection function
in the remote terminal can detect the fault. Detection requires a sufficient minimum
fault current. If such current is not available due to too weak remote-end source,
the weak-end infeed logic can be used to overcome the situation and to trip the remoteend breaker.
The set of three phase voltages, U3P, is connected to the inputs.
The BLK_IRV input connected to START signals from a forward directional zones
Z1 and Z2 is used to block the activation of the OPR_IRV output. The BLK_WEI1
input connected to START signals from the non-directional start signal from GFC
is used to block the operate signal from WEI logic. The IRV input is connected to
the reverse looking zone Z3 to recognize that the fault is in the reverse direction,
that is, in the parallel feeder. Input CR is connected to carrier received signal. This
is obtained from scheme communication logic from distance protection
(DSOCPSCH). The CB_OPEN input is connected to binary input COM_101 BI2.
The OPR_IRV output indicates current reversal detection and it is used in scheme
communication logic from distance protection (DSOCPSCH) in order to block the
sending of the carrier send signal (CS) and block the activation of the OPERATE
output of the communication logic.
OPR_WEI is connected to the disturbance recorder and also to an OR-block to
from a combined operate signal from distance support functions.

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GUID-A74805F2-6711-41F0-8D0C-22C6AA86CE72 V1 EN

Figure 32:

3.4.6.15

Distance protection

Scheme communication logic for residual overcurrent protection

RESCPSCH
To achieve instantaneous fault clearing independent of the fault location on the
protected feeder, a scheme communication logic RESCPSCH is provided.
There are different types of communication schemes available.

Direct intertrip (DUTT)

Permissive underreach (PUTT)
Permissive overreach (POTT)
Directional comparison blocking (DCB)

The directional comparison unblocking scheme (DCUB) can also be provided by

complementing the permissive schemes by an additional logic called the
unblocking function, which is also included in RESCPSCH.

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If the permissive overreaching scheme is used, some power system conditions

require additional special logic circuits, like current reversal logic and weak-end
infeed logic (WEI) for residual overcurrent protection RCRWPSCH.
The BLK_CS input connected to the operate signal from current reversal logic is
used to block the carrier send signal from the overreaching function. It is applicable
in directional comparison blocking scheme (DCB) and in the permissive overreach
schemes (POTT).
The CSBLK input connected to the START signal from a reverse looking residual
overcurrent function is used in the directional comparison blocking scheme (DCB)
in order to create a carrier send signal CS.
The CACC input connected to the START signal from an overreaching residual
overcurrent function is used in the permissive underreach scheme (PUTT) and in
the directional comparison blocking scheme (DCB).
The CSOR input connected to the START signal from an overreaching residual
overcurrent function, is used in the permissive overreach scheme (POTT).
The CSUR input connected to the START signal from an underreaching residual
overcurrent function, is used in the direct intertrip scheme (DUTT) and in the
permissive underreach scheme (PUTT). It can also be used in the permissive
overreach scheme (POTT).
The CR input is a carrier received signal from the IED available at the opposite end
of the feeder via binary input BI0_3 BI2. Similarly, the CRG input is a carrier
guard signal used in the directional comparison unblocking scheme (DCUB) is
from IED available at opposite end of the feeder via binary input BI0_3 BI3.
The CS output is the carrier send signal, send to the IED available at the opposite
end of the feeder and send via binary output BI0_3 SO1.
The operate signal, OPERATE along with carrier guard received, RESCPSCH
carrier received and RESCPSCH carrier send signal available at binary input BI0_3
BI3, BI0_3 BI4 and binary output BI0_3 SO3 are connected to disturbance recorder.
The OPERATE output along with other operate signals from the distance support
functions are connected to an OR-block to form a combined operate signal from
the distance support functions.

3.4.6.16

Current reversal and scheme communication logic for residual

overcurrent RCRWPSCH
Scheme communication logic for residual overcurrent protection (RESCPSCH)
may require additional logics in order to operate correctly in all possible power
system conditions. Such special logics include for example current reversal logic
and weak-end infeed logic which are combined to the function block CRWPSCH.

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The main purpose of the current reversal logic is to prevent unwanted operation of
the distance protection. In parallel feeder applications, the direction of fault current
on the healthy feeder can change when the circuit breaker on the faulty feeder
opens to clear the fault. This can lead to unwanted operation of the distance
protection on the healthy parallel feeder when scheme communication logic
(RESCPSCH) with permissive overreach scheme is used.
Permissive communication schemes can operate only when the protection in the
remote terminal can detect the fault. Detection requires a sufficient minimum fault
current. If such current is not available due to too weak remote-end source, the weakend infeed logic can be used to overcome the situation and to trip the remote-end
breaker.
The set of three phase voltages, U3P, is connected to the inputs.
The BLK_IRV input connected to the START signal from a forward directional
residual overcurrent function, is used to block the activation of the OPR_IRV
output. The BLK_WEI1 input connected to the START signal from non-directional
residual overcurrent function is used to block the operate signal from WEI logic.
The IRV input is connected to the reverse looking residual overcurrent function to
recognize that the fault is in the reverse direction, that is, in the parallel feeder. The
CR input is connected to the carrier received signal. This is obtained from scheme
communication logic from residual overcurrent protection (RESCPSCH). The
CB_OPEN input is connected to the binary input COM_101 BI2.
The OPR_IRV output indicates current reversal detection and it is used in scheme
communication logic from residual overcurrent protection (RESCPSCH) in order
to block the sending of the carrier send signal (CS) and to block the activation of
the OPERATE output of the communication logic.
OPR_WEI is connected to disturbance recorder and also connected to OR block to
from a combine operate signal from distance support functions.
The output ECHO from CRWPSCH and RCRWPSCH are
connected to an OR-block to form a carrier guard signal for the IED
available at the opposite end of the feeder and send via binary
output BI0_3 SO6.

3.4.6.17

Thermal overload protection T1PTTR

The three-phase thermal overload protection function is used for thermal protection
of the three-phase power cables and overhead lines. It has adjustable temperature
limits for tripping, alarm and reclose inhibit. The thermal model applied uses one
time constant and the true RMS current measuring principle.
The operate signal from the thermal overload protection is further used to trigger
the disturbance recorder. Both the operate and alarm signals provide a LED
indication on the LHMI.

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GUID-8B094D7E-1A5C-4F77-8213-CB135B8DFC1D V2 EN

Figure 33:

3.4.6.18

Current reversal and scheme communication logic (residual

overcurrent), phase discontinuity and thermal overload protection

Circuit-breaker failure protection CCBRBRF

The function is activated by the common operate command from the protection
functions. The breaker failure function issues a backup trip command to adjacent
circuit breakers in case the main circuit breaker fails to trip for the protected
component. The backup trip is connected at binary output BIO_3 PO3.
A failure of a circuit breaker is detected by measuring the current or by detecting
the remaining trip signal. Function also provides retrip. Retrip is used along with
the main trip, and is activated before the backup trip signal is generated in case the
main breaker fails to open. Retrip is used to increase the operational reliability of
the circuit breaker.

3.4.6.19

Tripping logic TRPPTRC

Tripping logic has been configured to provide tripping signal of required duration.
The tripping circuit opens the circuit breaker on

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Receipt of operate signal from the protection function or

Retrip signal from the circuit-breaker failure protection.

Two master tripping signals are available at binary output PSM PO1 and PSM PO3.

GUID-9C15DB69-98E5-49EB-836A-CF0B247D2DF4 V1 EN

Figure 34:

3.4.6.20

Tripping logic and breaker failure protection

Combined operate and start alarm signal

The operate outputs of all protection functions are combined in an OR-gate to get a
common Operate output. This common operate signal is connected to a tripping
logic. It is also available as an alarm binary output, BIO_3_SO2, with a settable
minimum alarm delay of 80 ms. Also, a common Start output is derived from the
start outputs of protection functions combined in an OR-gate. The output is
available as an alarm binary output PSM SO3 with a settable minimum alarm delay
of 80 ms.

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Application Manual

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REF630 variants
3.4.6.21

1MRS756510 E

Other output and alarm signals

Combined alarm from circuit-breaker monitoring function available at binary

output BIO_3 SO4
Combined alarm from various supervision functions available at binary output
BIO_3 SO5

3.4.7

Supervision functions

3.4.7.1

Trip circuit supervision TCSSCBR

Two instances of trip circuit supervision function are used for supervising Master
trip 1 and Master trip 2. Function continuously supervises trip circuit and an alarm
is issued in case of a failure of a trip circuit. The function does not perform the
supervision itself but it is used as an aid for configuration.
Function gives an indication via a LED on the LHMI on detection of any of the trip
circuit failure. To prevent unwanted alarms, the function is blocked when the
circuit breaker is open, one of the protection function operate signals is active.
Apart from the previous two instances, another instance of trip circuit supervision
is used to check the proper functioning of closing circuit of the circuit breaker. This
function is blocked when the circuit breaker is in closed. A common trip alarm
from all three instances of the trip circuit supervision is connected to an OR-gate to
form a combined trip circuit supervision alarm which is used to trigger the
disturbance recorder and to provide a LED indication on the LHMI.

3.4.7.2

Fuse failure and current circuit supervision SEQRFUF, CCRDIF

The fuse failure and current circuit supervision functions give an alarm in case of a
failure in the secondary circuits between the voltage transformer or current
transformer and the IED respectively. The set of three phase currents and voltages,
I3P and U3P, are connected to the inputs.
An alarm is available on failure of the secondary circuits. Alarms are recorded by a
disturbance recorder.

3.4.7.3

Circuit-breaker condition monitoring SSCBR

The circuit-breaker condition monitoring function checks for the health of the
circuit breaker. The circuit breaker status is connected to the function via binary
inputs. Function requires also pressure lockout input and spring charged input
connected via binary input COM_101.BI12 and COM_101.BI13 respectively.
Various alarm outputs from the function are combined in an OR-gate to create a
master circuit-breaker monitoring alarm, which is available at binary output BIO_3
SO4.

90

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1MRS756510 E

All of the alarms are separately connected to the binary recorder and a combined
alarm is available as an indication via a LED on the LHMI.

GUID-93753FF5-0E73-45D1-8698-8836383D3F1D V2 EN

Figure 35:

3.4.8

Circuit-breaker condition monitoring and trip-circuit, fuse failure and

current measuring circuit supervision

Measurement and analog recording functions

The measured quantities in this configuration are:

Sequence current
Sequence voltage
Residual voltage
Residual current
Energy
Phase current
Phase voltage
Line voltage
Power with frequency

The measured quantities can be viewed in the measurement menu on the LHMI.

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1MRS756510 E

All analog input channels are connected to the analog disturbance recorder. When
any of these analog values violate the upper or lower threshold limits, the recorder
unit is triggered which in turn will record all the signals connected to the recorder.
Table 21:
Channel ID

Signals connected to the analog recorder A1RADR

Description

Channel 1

Phase A current

Channel 2

Phase B current

Channel 3

Phase C current

Channel 4

Neutral current

Channel 5

Phase A voltage

Channel 6

Phase B voltage

Channel 7

Phase C voltage

Channel 8

Neutral voltage

Data connected to analog channels contain 20 samples per cycle.

Table 22:
Channel ID

92

Signals connected to the analog recorder A4RADR

Description

Channel 31

Real part of p-p/3p impedance from zone 1

Channel 32

Imaginary part of p-p/3p impedance from zone 1

Channel 33

Real part of first p-e loop impedance from zone 1

Channel 34

Imaginary part of first p-e loop impedance from zone 1

Channel 35

Real part of second p-e loop impedance from zone 1

Channel 36

Imaginary part of second p-e loop impedance from zone 1

REF630
Application Manual

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

GUID-ACACC65B-2662-45F0-8FA6-DFEBF1A9DB5F V1 EN

Figure 36:

3.4.9

Measurement and analog recording

Binary recording and LED configuration

All of the start and operate outputs from the respective protection functions,
various alarms from supervision functions, and important signals from control and
protective functions are connected to a binary recorder. In case of a fault, the
binary recorder is triggered which in turn will record all the signals connected to
the recorder.
Table 23:
Channel ID

Signals connected to the binary recorder

Description

Channel 1

Block by inrush protection

Channel 2

Start of overcurrent high stage 1

Channel 3

Operate of overcurrent high stage 1

Channel 4

Start of overcurrent high stage 2

Channel 5

Operate of overcurrent high stage 2

Table continues on next page

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Application Manual

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1MRS756510 E

Channel ID

Description

Channel 6

Start of instantaneous overcurrent stage

Channel 7

Operate of instantaneous overcurrent stage

Channel 8

Start of overcurrent low stage

Channel 9

Operate of overcurrent low stage

Channel 10

Start of directional earth fault high stage

Channel 11

Operate of directional earth fault high stage

Channel 12

Start of directional earth fault low stage 1

Channel 13

Operate of directional earth fault low stage 1

Channel 14

Start of directional earth fault low stage 2

Channel 15

Operate of directional earth fault low stage 2

Channel 16

Operate of thermal overload

Channel 17

Start of negative-sequence overcurrent stage 1

Channel 18

Operate of negative-sequence overcurrent stage 1

Channel 19

Start of negative-sequence overcurrent stage 2

Channel 20

Operate of negative-sequence overcurrent stage 2

Channel 21

Start of earth fault high stage

Channel 22

Operate of earth fault high stage

Channel 23

Start of directional earth fault low stage 3

Channel 24

Operate of directional earth fault low stage 3

Channel 25

Start of phase discontinuity protection

Channel 26

Operate of phase discontinuity protection

Channel 27

Combined start of phase overvoltage protection

Channel 28

Combined operate of phase overvoltage protection

Channel 29

Combined start of phase undervoltage protection

Channel 30

Combined operate of phase undervoltage protection

Channel 31

Combined start of residual overvoltage protection

Channel 32

Combined operate of residual overvoltage protection

Channel 33

Circuit breaker closed

Channel 34

Circuit breaker is open

Channel 35

Unsuccessful autoreclosing

Channel 36

Autoreclosing function locked out

Channel 37

Reclose by autoreclosing

Channel 38

Backup trip from circuit-breaker failure protection

Channel 39

Retrip from circuit-breaker failure protection

Channel 40

Combined trip circuit alarm

Channel 41

Current circuit failure

Channel 42

Fuse failure

Channel 43

Start from zone 1 of distance protection

Channel 44

Operate from zone 1 of distance protection

Table continues on next page

94

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1MRS756510 E

Channel ID

Description

Channel 45

Start from zone 2 of distance protection

Channel 46

Operate from zone 2 of distance protection

Channel 47

Start from zone 3 of distance protection

Channel 48

Operate from zone 3 of distance protection

Channel 49

Start from AR zone 1 of distance protection

Channel 50

Operate from AR zone 1 of distance protection

Channel 51

Start from AR zone 2 of distance protection

Channel 52

Operate from AR zone 2 of distance protection

Channel 53

Start from GFC of distance protection

Channel 54

Operate from GFC of distance protection

Channel 55

Operate from switch on to fault protection

Channel 56

Operate by zone extension

Channel 57

Operate from DSOCPSCH

Channel 58

Operate from RESCPSCH

Channel 59

Operate from WEI logic of CRWPSCH

Channel 60

Operate from WEI logic of RCRWPSCH

Channel 61

Operate by loss of load

Channel 62

Carrier receive from remote IED - RESCPSCH

Channel 63

Carrier guard receive from remote IED

Channel 64

Carrier receive from remote IED DSOCPSCH

The LEDs are configured for alarm indications.

Table 24:
LED No

LEDs configured on LHMI alarm page 1

LED color

Description

LED 1

Yellow

Combined start from distance protection

LED 1

Red

Combined operate from distance protection

LED 2

Yellow

Combined start from OC

LED 2

Red

Combined operate from OC

LED 3

Yellow

Combined start from NSOC

LED 3

Red

Combined operate from NSOC

LED 4

Yellow

Combined start from DEF

LED 4

Red

Combined operate from DEF

LED 5

Yellow

Combined start from EF

LED 5

Red

Combined operate from EF

LED 6

Yellow

Start from phase discontinuity

LED 6

Red

Operate from phase discontinuity

LED 7

Yellow

Alarm from thermal overload

LED 7

Red

Operate from thermal overload

Table continues on next page

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Section 3
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1MRS756510 E

LED No

LED color

Description

LED 8

Green

Autoreclosing ready

LED 8

Yellow

Autoreclosing in progress

LED 8

Red

Autoreclosing function locked out

LED 9

Red

Operate from switch on to fault logic

LED 10

Red

Operate from distance support function

LED 11

Yellow

Combined start from overvoltage

LED 11

Red

Combined operate from overvoltage

LED 12

Yellow

Combined start from undervoltage

LED 12

Red

Combined operate from undervoltage

LED 13

Yellow

Backup trip from circuit-breaker protection function

LED 13

Red

Retrip from circuit-breaker protection function

LED 14

Yellow

Fuse failure supervision

LED 14

Red

Current circuit failure

LED 15

Red

Combined supervision alarm

3.5

Preconfiguration D for bus sectionalizer

3.5.1

Application
The functionality of the IED is designed to be used for selective short-circuit,
overcurrent and earth-fault protection in a bus sectionalizer on double busbar
systems with a truck circuit breaker.
The object controlled by the IED is the circuit breaker with truck. The open, close
and undefined states of the circuit breaker are indicated on the LHMI.
Required interlocking is configured in the IED.
The preconfiguration includes:

96

Control functions
Current protection functions
Supervision functions
Disturbance recorders
LEDs' configuration
Measurement functions

REF630
Application Manual

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

3.5.2

Functions

REF630

FEEDER PROTECTION AND CONTROL IED

Preconguration D for bus sectionalizer
LOCAL HMI *)

PROTECTION

ALSO AVAILABLE
- 5 prog. push buttons on LHMI
- Disturbance and fault recorders
- IED self-supervision
- Local/Remote push button on LHMI
- Sequence event recorder
- User management
- WebHMI

1 1
IO
94

AND

1 1

3I

I2>
46

3I>
51P-1

PRECONFIGURATION

3I>/Io>BF
51BF/51NBF

3I>>>
50P/51P
2

3I>>
51P-2

3I2f>
68

Io>
51N-1

COMMUNICATION

CONDITION MONITORING
AND SUPERVISION

Io

Io>>>
50N/51N

OR
*) Fixed or detached LHMI is available.

Io>>
51N-2

2
FUSEF
60

1 1
CBCM
CBCM

2
MCS 3I
MCS 3I

OPTS
OPTM

Protocols:
IEC 61850-8-1
IEC 60870-5-103
DNP3

1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1
1 0FX1(LC)
1 0
(RJ45),

E
E

0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

Interfaces:
Ethernet: TX
Serial:
Serial glass ber (ST),
Serial plastic ber
(snap-in connector)

3
TCS
TCM

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0

0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1

0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1

1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0

U<>
U<>
3
FLOC
21FL

Z<
21, 21P, 21N

Yo>
21YN
CONTROL AND INDICATION 1)

MEASUREMENT

3
3U<
27

Po>
32N

P>
32R/32O

I2/I1>
46PD

U2>
47O-

3Ith>F
49F

Io>HA
51NHA

Uo>
59G

3I>
67-1

3I>>
67-2

Io>
67N-2

Io>IEF
67NIEF

Io>Y
67YN

Q>, 3U<
32Q, 27
2

U1>
47O+
3

U1<
47U+
2

5
f>
81O

5
df/dt>
81R

f<
81U

2
8

ES
1)

2)

3U>
59
3

Ctrl 2)

CB
DC

Object

Check availability of binary inputs/outputs

from technical documentation
Control and indication function for
primary object

- I, U, Io, Uo, P, Q, E, pf, f

- Symmetrical components
- Limit value supervision
Analog interface types

Current transformer

51)

Voltage transformer

1)

One of available current transformer

inputs is sensitive (0.1 / 0.5 A)

2
Io>
67N-1

SYNC
25

OI
79

PQM3I
PQM3I

6
UFLS/R
81LSH

PQM3Upp
PQM3Vpp

16
MAP
MAP

PQMUBU
PQMUBV

PQM3Upe
PQM3Vpg

PQMU
PQMV

2
SOTF
SOTF

REMARKS
Optional
function

2 No. of instances
enabled by default

Function(s) not enabled by

default in preconguration,
can be enabled afterwards

1 No. of instances not enabled

by default in preconguration,
can be enabled afterwards

Io/Uo

Calculated
value

GUID-46E0483B-5329-418D-944B-5F75F073A12E V1 EN

Figure 37:

REF630
Application Manual

Functionality overview for preconfiguration D

97

1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
1 0

0
0 1 0 1 0 0 0
1 0
0

Section 3
REF630 variants
3.5.3

1MRS756510 E

Input/output signal interfaces

Table 25:
Hardware module
instance

Interface of binary inputs

Hardware
channel

Description

COM

BI1

Circuit breaker closed

COM

BI2

Circuit breaker open

COM

BI3...BI8

Not connected

COM

BI9

Circuit breaker truck closed

COM

BI10

Circuit breaker truck open

COM

BI11

External start of circuit-breaker failure protection

COM

BI12

Pressure low from circuit breaker

COM

BI13

Spring charged from circuit breaker

COM

BI14

Not connected

The outputs of the IED are categorized as power outputs (POx) and signal outputs
(SOx). The power outputs can be used for closing and tripping of circuit breakers
and disconnector control. The signal outputs are not heavy-duty outputs. They are
used for alarm or signaling purposes.
Table 26:
Hardware module
instance

98

Interface of binary outputs

Hardware
channel

Description

PSM

BO1_PO

Master trip 1 (circuit breaker open)

PSM

BO2_PO

Master close (circuit breaker closed)

PSM

BO3_PO

Master trip 2 (circuit breaker open)

PSM

BO4_PO

Not connected

PSM

BO5_PO

Not connected

PSM

BO6_PO

Not connected

PSM

BO7_SO

OC operate alarm

PSM

BO8_SO

EF operate alarm

PSM

BO9_SO

Common start

BIO_3

BO1_PO

Not connected

BIO_3

BO2_PO

Not connected

BIO_3

BO3_PO

Backup trip

BIO_3

BO4_SO

Upstream OC block

BIO_3

BO5_SO

Common operate

BIO_3

BO6_SO

Not connected

BIO_3

BO7_SO

Circuit-breaker monitoring alarm

BIO_3

BO8_SO

Supervision circuit alarm

BIO_3

BO9_SO

Not connected

REF630
Application Manual

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

The IED measures the analog signals needed for protection and measuring
functions via galvanically isolated matching transformers. The matching
transformer input channels 13 are intended for current measuring and channels
7...9 for voltage measuring.
Table 27:

Interface of analog inputs

Hardware module
instance

3.5.4

Hardware
channel

Description

AIM_2

CH1

Phase current IL1

AIM_2

CH2

Phase current IL2

AIM_2

CH3

Phase current IL3

AIM_2

CH4

Not connected

AIM_2

CH5

Not connected

AIM_2

CH6

Not available

AIM_2

CH10

Not connected

AIM_2

CH7

Phase voltage UL1

AIM_2

CH8

Phase voltage UL2

AIM_2

CH9

Phase voltage UL3

Preprocessing blocks and fixed signals

The analog current and voltage signals coming to the IED are processed by
preprocessing blocks. There are two types of preprocessing blocks based on 20
samples per cycle and 80 samples per cycle. All function blocks functioning at 5
ms task time need 80 samples per cycle whereas all the rest need 20 samples per cycle.
A fixed signal block providing a logical TRUE and a logical FALSE output has
been used. Outputs are connected internally to other functional blocks when needed.
Even if the AnalogInputType setting of a SMAI block is set to
Current, the MinValFreqMeas setting is still visible. This means
that the minimum level for current amplitude is based on UBase. As
an example, if UBase is 20 kV, the minimum amplitude for current
is 20000 10% = 2000 A.

3.5.5

Control functions

3.5.5.1

Bay control QCCBAY

Bay control is used to handle the selection of the operator place per bay. It provides
blocking functions that can be distributed to different apparatuses within the bay.
Bay control sends information about the permitted source to operate (PSTO) and
blocking conditions to other functions within the bay, for example switch control
functions.

REF630
Application Manual

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Section 3
REF630 variants
3.5.5.2

1MRS756510 E

Apparatus control
Apparatus control initializes and supervises proper selection and switches on
circuit breaker. The circuit breaker requires interlocking function, switch control
function and apparatus functions.

Circuit-breaker control function

The circuit breaker is controlled by a combination of switch interlocking (SCILO),
switch controller (GNRLCSWI) and circuit breaker controller (DAXCBR) functions.
The position information of the circuit breaker and the truck are connected to
DAXCBR. The interlocking logics for the circuit breaker have been programmed
to open at any time, provided that the gas pressure inside the circuit breaker is
above the lockout limit. Closing of the circuit breaker is always prevented if the
gas pressure inside the circuit breaker is below the lockout limit or the truck is
open or spring charge time is above the set limit.
SCILO function checks for the interlocking conditions and provides closing and
opening enable signals. The enable signal is used by GNRLCSWI function block
which checks for operator place selector before providing the final open or close
signal to DAXCBR function.
The open, closed and undefined states of the circuit breaker are indicated on the
LHMI.

GUID-1384EA10-3BAC-4DC6-899C-D73E93A9A52F V1 EN

Figure 38:

100

Apparatus control

REF630
Application Manual

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

3.5.6

Protection functions

3.5.6.1

Three-phase current inrush detection INRPHAR

The configuration includes a three-phase current inrush detection function. The
function can be used for increasing, typically double, the set start value of the nondirectional overcurrent stage (OC) during inrush condition. This is done by the
ENA_MULT input and the Start value mult setting in the corresponding function
blocks. The default multiplier setting is 1.0.

3.5.6.2

Non-directional overcurrent protection PHxPTOC

The three-phase non-directional overcurrent functions are used for non-directional
one-phase, two-phase and three-phase overcurrent and short-circuit protection with
definite time or various inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) characteristic. The
operation of a stage is based on three measuring principles: DFT, RMS or peak-topeak values.
The configuration includes four variants of non-directional overcurrent functions:
high 1, high 2, low and instantaneous. The set of three phase currents, I3P, is
connected to the inputs. The inrush function can increase the start value of each
overcurrent function.
A common operate and start signal from all the four non-directional overcurrent
functions are connected to an OR-gate to form a combined non-directional
overcurrent operate and start signal which is used to provide a LED indication on
the LHMI. Also separate start and operate from all the four OC functions are
connected to the disturbance recorder.

3.5.6.3

Negative-sequence overcurrent protection NSPTOC

Two instances of negative-sequence overcurrent detection are provided, for
protection against single-phasing, unbalanced load or asymmetrical feeder voltage.
The set of three phase currents, I3P, is connected to the inputs.
A common operate and start signal from both NSPTOC functions are connected to
an OR-gate to form a combined negative-sequence overcurrent operate and start
signal which is used to provide a LED indication on the LHMI. Also separate start
and operate signals from the NSPTOC function is connected to the disturbance
recorder.

REF630
Application Manual

101

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

GUID-051E6536-AF92-49F9-92E5-1C7BC995AF41 V1 EN

Figure 39:

3.5.6.4

Non-directional overcurrent and negative-sequence overcurrent

protection

Non-directional earth-fault protection EFxPTOC

The non-directional earth-fault protection functions are used for protection under
earth fault conditions with definite-time (DT) or with inverse definite minimum
time (IDMT) characteristic when appropriate.
The operation of the stage is based on three measuring principles: DFT, RMS or peakto-peak values. The configuration includes three variants of non-directional earthfault functions: high, low and instantaneous. The set of three phase currents, I3P, is
connected to the inputs.
A common operate and start signal from all the three non-directional earth-fault
functions are connected to an OR-block to form a combined non-directional earthfault operate and start signal which is used to provide a LED indication on the
LHMI. Also separate start and operate signals from all the three EF functions are
connected to the disturbance recorder.

102

REF630
Application Manual

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

GUID-86F11D26-74A6-4387-9A0C-3D6B9D52F288 V1 EN

Figure 40:

3.5.6.5

Non-directional earth-fault protection

Circuit-breaker failure protection CCBRBRF

The function is activated by the common operate command from the protection
functions. The breaker failure function issues a backup trip command to adjacent
circuit breakers in case the main circuit breaker fails to trip for the protected
component. The backup trip is connected at binary output BIO_3 PO3.
A failure of a circuit breaker is detected by measuring the current or by detecting
the remaining trip signal. Function also provides retrip. Retrip is used along with
the main trip, and is activated before the backup trip signal is generated in case the
main breaker fails to open. Retrip is used to increase the operational reliability of
the circuit breaker.

3.5.6.6

Tripping logic TRPPTRC

Tripping logic has been configured to provide tripping signal of required duration.
The tripping circuit opens the circuit breaker on

Receipt of operate signal from the protection function or

Retrip signal from the circuit-breaker failure protection.

Two master tripping signals are available at binary output PSM PO1 and PSM PO3.

REF630
Application Manual

103

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

GUID-9C15DB69-98E5-49EB-836A-CF0B247D2DF4 V1 EN

Figure 41:

3.5.6.7

Tripping logic and breaker failure protection

Combined operate and start alarm signal

The operate outputs of all protection functions are combined in an OR-gate to get a
common Operate output. This common operate signal is connected to a tripping
logic. It is also available as an alarm binary output, BIO_3_SO2, with a settable
minimum alarm delay of 80 ms. Also, a common Start output is derived from the
start outputs of protection functions combined in an OR-gate. The output is
available as an alarm binary output PSM SO3 with a settable minimum alarm delay
of 80 ms.

3.5.6.8

Other output and alarm signals

104

Combined overcurrent (OC) operate signal available at binary output PSM SO1
Combined earth fault (EF) operate signal available at binary output PSM SO2
Combined alarm signal from circuit-breaker monitoring function available at
binary output BIO_3 SO4
Combined alarm signal from various supervision functions available at binary
output BIO_3 SO5
Upstream overcurrent (OC) blocking signal available at binary output BIO_3
SO1

REF630
Application Manual

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

3.5.7

Supervision functions

3.5.7.1

Trip circuit supervision TCSSCBR

Two instances of trip circuit supervision function are used for supervising Master
trip 1 and Master trip 2. Function continuously supervises the trip circuit and an
alarm is issued in case of a failure of a trip circuit. The function does not perform
the supervision itself but it is used as an aid for configuration. An additional
instance is used to check the proper functioning of the closing circuit of the circuit
breaker.
Function gives an indication via a LED on the LHMI on detection of any of the trip
circuit failure. To prevent unwanted alarms, the function is blocked when the
circuit breaker is open, one of the protection function operate signals is active.
An instance of trip circuit supervision is used to check the proper functioning of
closing circuit of the circuit breaker. This function is blocked when the circuit
breaker is in closed position to prevent unwanted alarms.

3.5.7.2

Circuit-breaker condition monitoring SSCBR

The circuit-breaker condition monitoring function checks for the health of the
circuit breaker. The circuit breaker status is connected to the function via binary
inputs. Function requires also pressure lockout input and spring charged input
connected via binary input COM_101.BI12 and COM_101.BI13 respectively.
Various alarm outputs from the function are combined in an OR-gate to create a
master circuit-breaker monitoring alarm, which is available at binary output BIO_3
SO4.
All of the alarms are separately connected to the binary recorder and a combined
alarm is available as an indication via a LED on the LHMI.

REF630
Application Manual

105

Section 3
REF630 variants

1MRS756510 E

GUID-10B6F218-EE98-4DB4-9C6F-E14E5E2582FA V1 EN

Figure 42:

3.5.8

Circuit-breaker condition monitoring and trip circuit supervision

Measurement and analog recording functions

The measured quantities in this configuration are:

Sequence current
Sequence voltage
Residual voltage
Residual current
Energy
Phase current
Phase voltage
Line voltage
Power with frequency

The measured quantities can be viewed in the measurement menu on the LHMI.
All analog input channels are connected to the analog disturbance recorder. When
any of these analog values violate the upper or lower threshold limits, the recorder
unit is triggered which in turn will record all the signals connected to the recorder.
Table 28:
Channel ID

Signals connected to the analog recorder

Description

Channel 1

Phase A current

Channel 2

Phase B current

Channel 3

Phase C current

Channel 4

Calculated neutral current

Channel 5

Phase A voltage

Table continues on next page

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Channel ID

Description

Channel 6

Phase B voltage

Channel 7

Phase C voltage

Channel 8

Calculated neutral voltage

Data connected to analog channels contain 20 samples per cycle.

GUID-3794F9A5-CE29-4CF9-A289-DEAC0947A64E V1 EN

Figure 43:

3.5.9

Measurement and analog recording

Binary recording and LED configurations

All of the start and operate outputs from the respective protection functions,
various alarms from supervision functions, and important signals from control and
protective functions are connected to a binary recorder. In case of a fault, the
binary recorder is triggered which in turn will record all the signals connected to
the recorder.

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Table 29:
Channel ID

Signals connected to the binary recorder

Description

Channel 1

Block by inrush protection

Channel 2

Start of overcurrent high stage 1

Channel 3

Operate of overcurrent high stage 1

Channel 4

Start of overcurrent high stage 2

Channel 5

Operate of overcurrent high stage 2

Channel 6

Start of instantaneous overcurrent stage

Channel 7

Operate of instantaneous overcurrent stage

Channel 8

Start of overcurrent low stage

Channel 9

Operate of overcurrent low stage

Channel 10

Start of instantaneous earth fault

Channel 11

Operate of instantaneous earth fault stage

Channel 12

Start of earth fault high stage

Channel 13

Operate of earth fault high stage

Channel 14

Start of earth fault low stage

Channel 15

Operate of earth fault low stage

Channel 16

Pressure in circuit breaker below lockout limit

Channel 17

Start of negative sequence overcurrent stage 1

Channel 18

Operate of negative-sequence overcurrent stage 1

Channel 19

Start of negative-sequence overcurrent stage 2

Channel 20

Operate of negative-sequence overcurrent stage 2

Channel 21

Backup trip from circuit-breaker failure protection

Channel 22

Retrip from circuit-breaker failure protection

Channel 23

Circuit breaker closed

Channel 24

Circuit breaker is open

Channel 25

Trip circuit alarm 1 (supervising master trip 1)

Channel 26

Trip circuit alarm 2 (supervising master trip 2)

Channel 27

Trip circuit alarm 3 (supervising closing circuit )

Channel 28

Closing time of circuit breaker exceeded the limit

Channel 29

Opening time of circuit breaker exceeded the limit

Channel 30

Spring charge time of circuit breaker exceeded the limit

Channel 31

Number of circuit breaker operation exceeded the set limit

Channel 32

Circuit breaker maintenance alarm: number of operations exceeds the set limit

Channel 33

Circuit breaker maintenance alarm: accumulated energy exceeds the set limit

Channel 34

Circuit breaker not operated since long

The LEDs are configured for alarm indications.

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Table 30:
LED No

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LEDs configured on LHMI alarm page 1

LED color

Description

LED 1

Yellow

Combine start from OC

LED 1

Red

Combine operate from OC

LED 2

Yellow

Combine start from NSOC

LED 2

Red

Combine operate from NSOC

LED 3

Yellow

Combine start from EF

LED 3

Red

Combine operate from EF

LED 4

Red

Backup trip from circuit-breaker protection function

LED 5

Red

Retrip from circuit-breaker protection function

LED 6

Red

Alarm from circuit-breaker monitoring function

LED 7

Red

Trip circuit supervision alarm 1

LED 8

Red

Trip circuit supervision alarm 2

LED 9

Red

Closing circuit supervision alarm

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Requirements for measurement transformers

1MRS756510 E

Section 4

Requirements for measurement

transformers

4.1

Current transformers

4.1.1

Current transformer requirements for non-directional

overcurrent protection
For reliable and correct operation of the overcurrent protection, the CT has to be
chosen carefully. The distortion of the secondary current of a saturated CT may
endanger the operation, selectivity, and co-ordination of protection. However,
when the CT is correctly selected, a fast and reliable short circuit protection can be
enabled.
The selection of a CT depends not only on the CT specifications but also on the
network fault current magnitude, desired protection objectives, and the actual CT
burden. The protection settings of the IED should be defined in accordance with
the CT performance as well as other factors.

4.1.1.1

Current transformer accuracy class and accuracy limit factor

The rated accuracy limit factor (Fn) is the ratio of the rated accuracy limit primary
current to the rated primary current. For example, a protective current transformer
of type 5P10 has the accuracy class 5P and the accuracy limit factor 10. For
protective current transformers, the accuracy class is designed by the highest
permissible percentage composite error at the rated accuracy limit primary current
prescribed for the accuracy class concerned, followed by the letter "P" (meaning
protection).
Table 31:
Accuracy class

Limits of errors according to IEC 60044-1 for protective current transformers

Current error at
rated primary
current (%)

Phase displacement at rated primary

current
minutes
centiradians

Composite error at
rated accuracy limit
primary current (%)

5P

60

1.8

10P

10

The accuracy classes 5P and 10P are both suitable for non-directional overcurrent
protection. The 5P class provides a better accuracy. This should be noted also if
there are accuracy requirements for the metering functions (current metering,
power metering, and so on) of the IED.

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The CT accuracy primary limit current describes the highest fault current
magnitude at which the CT fulfils the specified accuracy. Beyond this level, the
secondary current of the CT is distorted and it might have severe effects on the
performance of the protection IED.
In practise, the actual accuracy limit factor (Fa) differs from the rated accuracy
limit factor (Fn) and is proportional to the ratio of the rated CT burden and the
actual CT burden.
The actual accuracy limit factor is calculated using the formula:
Fa Fn

Sin + Sn
Sin + S

A071141 V1 EN

4.1.1.2

Fn

the accuracy limit factor with the nominal external burden Sn

Sin

the internal secondary burden of the CT

the actual external burden

Non-directional overcurrent protection

The current transformer selection
Non-directional overcurrent protection does not set high requirements on the
accuracy class or on the actual accuracy limit factor (Fa) of the CTs. It is, however,
recommended to select a CT with Fa of at least 20.
The nominal primary current I1n should be chosen in such a way that the thermal
and dynamic strength of the current measuring input of the IED is not exceeded.
This is always fulfilled when
I1n > Ikmax / 100,
Ikmax is the highest fault current.
The saturation of the CT protects the measuring circuit and the current input of the
IED. For that reason, in practice, even a few times smaller nominal primary current
can be used than given by the formula.

Recommended start current settings

If Ikmin is the lowest primary current at which the highest set overcurrent stage is to
operate, the start current should be set using the formula:
Current start value < 0.7 x (Ikmin / I1n)
I1n is the nominal primary current of the CT.

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The factor 0.7 takes into account the protection IED inaccuracy, current
transformer errors, and imperfections of the short circuit calculations.
The adequate performance of the CT should be checked when the setting of the
high set stage overcurrent protection is defined. The operate time delay caused by
the CT saturation is typically small enough when the overcurrent setting is
noticeably lower than Fa.
When defining the setting values for the low set stages, the saturation of the CT
does not need to be taken into account and the start current setting is simply
according to the formula.

Delay in operation caused by saturation of current transformers

The saturation of CT may cause a delayed IED operation. To ensure the time
selectivity, the delay must be taken into account when setting the operate times of
successive IEDs.
With definite time mode of operation, the saturation of CT may cause a delay that
is as long as the time the constant of the DC component of the fault current, when
the current is only slightly higher than the starting current. This depends on the
accuracy limit factor of the CT, on the remanence flux of the core of the CT, and
on the operate time setting.
With inverse time mode of operation, the delay should always be considered as
being as long as the time constant of the DC component.
With inverse time mode of operation and when the high-set stages are not used, the
AC component of the fault current should not saturate the CT less than 20 times the
starting current. Otherwise, the inverse operation time can be further prolonged.
Therefore, the accuracy limit factor Fa should be chosen using the formula:
Fa > 20*Current start value / I1n
The Current start value is the primary start current setting of the IED.

4.1.1.3

Example for non-directional overcurrent protection

The following figure describes a typical medium voltage feeder. The protection is
implemented as three-stage definite time non-directional overcurrent protection.

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A071142 V1 EN

Figure 44:

Example of three-stage overcurrent protection

The maximum three-phase fault current is 41.7 kA and the minimum three-phase
short circuit current is 22.8 kA. The actual accuracy limit factor of the CT is
calculated to be 59.
The start current setting for low-set stage (3I>) is selected to be about twice the
nominal current of the cable. The operate time is selected so that it is selective with
the next IED (not visible in the figure above). The settings for the high-set stage
and instantaneous stage are defined also so that grading is ensured with the
downstream protection. In addition, the start current settings have to be defined so
that the IED operates with the minimum fault current and it does not operate with
the maximum load current. The settings for all three stages are as in the figure above.
For the application point of view, the suitable setting for instantaneous stage (I>>>)
in this example is 3 500 A (5.83 x I2n). For the CT characteristics point of view, the
criteria given by the current transformer selection formula is fulfilled and also the
IED setting is considerably below the Fa. In this application, the CT rated burden
could have been selected much lower than 10 VA for economical reasons.

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Glossary

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Section 5

Glossary

100BASE-FX

A physical medium defined in the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet

standard for local area networks (LANs) that uses fibreoptic cabling

ANSI

American National Standards Institute

AR

Autoreclosing

BI/O

Binary input/output

BIO

Binary input and output

COMTRADE

Common format for transient data exchange for power

systems. Defined by the IEEE Standard.

CPU

Central processing unit

CT

Current transformer

DCB

Directional comparison blocking scheme

DCUB

Directional comparison unblocking scheme

DNP3

A distributed network protocol originally developed by

Westronic. The DNP3 Users Group has the ownership
of the protocol and assumes responsibility for its evolution.

DT

Definite time

DUTT

Direct underreach transfer trip

EF

Earth fault

EMC

Electromagnetic compatibility

Ethernet

A standard for connecting a family of frame-based

computer networking technologies into a LAN

GFC

General fault criteria

GOOSE

Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event

HMI

Human-machine interface

HW

Hardware

IDMT

Inverse definite minimum time

IEC

International Electrotechnical Commission

IEC 60870-5-103 1. Communication standard for protective equipment

2. A serial master/slave protocol for point-to-point
communication

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IEC 61850

International standard for substation communication and

modeling

IEC 61850-8-1

A communication protocol based on the IEC 61850

standard series

IED

Intelligent electronic device

LAN

Local area network

LC

Connector type for glass fibre cable

LED

Light-emitting diode

LHMI

Local human-machine interface

PCM600

Protection and Control IED Manager

POTT

Permissive overreach transfer trip

PUTT

Permissive underreach transfer trip

REF630

Feeder protection and control IED

RJ-45

Galvanic connector type

RMS

Root-mean-square (value)

RTD

Resistance temperature detector

SW

Software

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

VT

Voltage transformer

WAN

Wide area network

WEI

Weak-end infeed logic

WHMI

Web human-machine interface

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ABB Oy
Medium Voltage Products,
Distribution Automation
P.O. Box 699
FI-65101 VAASA, Finland
Phone
+358 10 22 11
Fax
+358 10 22 41094
www.abb.com/substationautomation

1MRS756510 E Copyright 2014 ABB. All rights reserved.

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