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Creating Documents
R

with Scienti c WorkPlace

& Scienti c Word

Version 6
by Clint Hicks

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Copyright 2011 by MacKichan So ware, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of

this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transcribed, in any
form or by any meanselectronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwisewithout the prior written permission of the publisher, MacKichan
So ware, Inc., Poulsbo, Washington, USA. Information in this document is
subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the
part of the publisher. e so ware described in this document is furnished under
a license agreement and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms
of the agreement. It is against the law to copy the so ware on any medium except
as speci cally allowed in the agreement.

Printed in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Trademarks
Scienti c WorkPlace, Scienti c Word, Scienti c Notebook, and EasyMath are
registered trademarks of MacKichan So ware, Inc. EasyMath is the sophisticated
parsing and translating system included in Scienti c WorkPlace, Scienti c Word,
and Scienti c Notebook that allows the user to work in standard mathematical
notation, request computations from the underlying computation system
(MuPAD 5 in this version) based on the implied commands embedded in the
mathematical syntax or via menu, and receive the response in typeset standard
notation or graphic form in the current document. MuPad is a registered
trademark of SciFace GmbH & Co. KG. Acrobat is a registered trademark of
Adobe Systems, Inc. TEX is a trademark of the American Mathematical Society.
pdf TEX is the copyright of Hn nh and is available under the GNU
public license. VCam is based on VRS, which is a product developed by Hasso
Plattner Institute of the University of Potsdam. Windows is a registered
trademark of the Microso Corporation. Macintosh is a registered trademark of
the Apple Corporation. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. RLM
is a registered trademark of Reprise So ware. Activation system licensed under
patent No. 5,490,216. All other brand and product names are trademarks of their
respective companies.

R
is document was produced with Scienti c WorkPlace.

Author: Dr. Clint Hicks

Manuscript Editor: Lynda MacKichan
Compositor: MacKichan So ware, Inc.
Designer: Patti Kearney
Printing and Binding: Malloy Lithographing, Inc.

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Contents

Getting Started......................................................

For Existing Users .................................................

Cross-platform capability.....................................
New look .........................................................
Seamless TEX in an XML environment ...................
Create XHTML web les with ease .......................
Mathematics in MML ...................................
Display options..................................................
Document production options..............................
Easy sharing of documents ...................................
Copy selections to other applications......................
Context-sensitive status bar ..................................
De ne automatic substitution sequences .................
Speed document formatting .................................
Enter content quickly with fragments .....................
Change your mind .............................................
Enter tables precisely...........................................
Work faster from the keyboard..............................
Edit eciently ...................................................
Check your spelling in realtime .............................
Search from the keyboard ....................................
Use improved and scalable fonts ............................
Create AMS-LATEX documents............................
Produce documents using REVTEX .......................

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Contents

Create and operate on matrices .............................

Operate with the names of functions ......................
Make use of user-de ned functions ........................
For New Users .....................................................
Arrange your workplace.......................................
Con gure the symbol panels.................................
Choose document shells ......................................
Use the program with non-Roman languages ...........
Get help...........................................................
Before You Begin..................................................
Conventions........................................................
General............................................................
Keyboard .........................................................
Mouse .............................................................

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Basics................................................................... 13

Creating a Simple Document ................................... 39

Menus................................................................
File Menu.........................................................
Edit Menu ........................................................
Insert Menu ......................................................
View Menu.......................................................
Go Menu .........................................................
Tag Menu .........................................................
Typeset Menu ...................................................
Tools Menu ......................................................
Compute Menu .................................................
Window Menu ..................................................
Help Menu .......................................................
Toolbars .............................................................
Sidebars..............................................................
Display Modes .....................................................
Status Bar ...........................................................
Additional Information .........................................

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32
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34
35
36
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About Document Shells......................................... 40

Standard document shell ..................................... 41

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Opening a new document ....................................

Opening Existing Documents .................................
Saving Documents in Other Formats and Location ......
Information for Power Users ...................................
Setting program options ......................................
Shortcuts ............................................................

41
43
45
48
48
48

Editing Documents ................................................ 51

Working with Mathematics...................................... 67

Before You Begin..................................................

Text vs. Mathematics...........................................
Tagging............................................................
Basic Text Editing .................................................
Entering symbols ...............................................
Non-Roman character sets ...................................
Typing special punctuation...................................
Entering Text with Special Tools ..............................
Text with fragments ............................................
Text with automatic substitution ...........................
Enhancing Text ....................................................
Creating Section Headings .....................................
Creating Lists ......................................................
Adding Non-Text Elements.....................................
Lines ...............................................................
Tables ..............................................................
Images .............................................................
Frames .............................................................
Notes ..............................................................
Information for Power Users ...................................
Hints and tips ...................................................
Shortcuts ............................................................

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Before You Begin.................................................. 67

Text vs. Mathematics........................................... 68
Tagging............................................................ 68
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Contents

Entering and Editing Symbols and Characters.............

Tagging Mathematics ............................................
Entering and Editing Mathematical Objects ...............
Objects with templates ........................................
Fractions and binomials.......................................
Radicals ...........................................................
Subscripts and superscripts...................................
Operators and limits ...........................................
Brackets ...........................................................
Matrices and vectors ...........................................
Math names ......................................................
Decorations and labeled expressions.......................
Horizontal space in mathematics ...........................
Units of measure ................................................
Mathematical displays .........................................
eorem statements............................................
Using fragments.................................................
Automatic substitution........................................
Information for Power Users ...................................
Hints and suggestions .........................................
Shortcuts ............................................................

69
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Final Touches: Document Production....................... 85

Understanding Dierences in Document Production ... 85
Typesetting ....................................................... 86
Direct production .............................................. 86
Dierences in the nal product ............................. 87
Readying a Document for Production ....................... 87
Adding typeset objects ........................................ 87
Adjusting a documents appearance ........................ 95
Previewing and Printing a Document ........................ 99
Direct preview and print...................................... 99
Typeset preview and print ....................................100
Creating Documents for the Web.............................100
Creating hypertext links ......................................100
Information for Power Users ...................................103
Hints and suggestions .........................................103

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Shortcuts ............................................................104

Shortcut Reference.................................................105
Document Creation ..............................................105
Document Editing ................................................106
Math Editing .......................................................106
Document Production...........................................107
Index ...................................................................109

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Getting Started

For the same characteristic simultaneously to belong and not belong

to the same object in the same way is impossible. Aristotle (384 BC322 BC)
The point of philosophy is to start with something so simple as not to seem worth stating, and to end with something so
paradoxical that no one will believe it. Bertrand Russell (18721970)

elcome to Version 6! Scienti c WorkPlace (SWP), Scienti c Word (SW), and Scienti c Notebook (SNB) have
always provided easy text-entry, natural-notation mathematics, powerful symbolic and numeric computation, and exible
output of online, printed, and typeset documents in a Windows environment. With Version 6, these features are available for Linux and
Macintosh OS X users as well.
Because of the substantial changes to the program for this version,
existing users should take time to familiarize themselves with SWPs
new features every bit as much as new users should, although the exact
topics of interest to each group will be dierent. Recognizing this,
we have divided this introductory chapter into a section for existing
users and one for new users. Existing users will nd information about
important changes to the functionality of SWP in Version 6. New
users will get an introduction to the product with suggestions on how
best to learn it.
From there, this book takes an incremental approach to using SWP.
Early chapters outline basic document-creation tasks. Later chapters
discuss dierent methods of document production, structuring documents for typesetting, and other more advanced tasks. e appendices
summarize the command menus, toolbars, and keyboard shortcuts.

For Existing Users

For New Users
Before You Begin
Conventions

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Chapter 1 | Getting Started

e book itself was produced using SWP Version 6, and serves as

an example of the kinds of things you can do: Dropped capitals, margin notes, references, inline graphics with text that runs around them,
and of course attractive and accurately formatted mathematics.

For Existing Users

e new program features introduced in this version enhance the
important features present in earlier versions of the program: compatibility with other so ware and systems; a rich interface based on the
logical separation of content and appearance; the natural entry of text
and mathematics; the ability to perform mathematical computations
inside your SWP and SNB documents; and easy creation and production of complex, highly formatted printed documents.
With Version 6 you can work on Windows, Linux, or Macintosh
OS X and share your work seamlessly with colleagues, regardless of
their system environment. With its entirely new Mozilla-based architecture, Version 6 provides more exibility for your workplace. You
can save or export your documents in multiple formats according to
your publication and portability needs.

Cross-platform capability
SWP, SW, and SNB now operate on Windows systems running
Windows XP and up; Macintosh systems running OS X.5 Intel and
later; and systems running Linux. For SWP and SNB, Macintosh systems should be Intel 64-bit capable. Version 6 saves your documents as
les, making them completely portable across platforms. Sharing
your work and collaborating with colleagues is easier than ever.

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For Existing Users

New look

e program window has an updated look with streamlined layouts for the toolbars and symbol panels. Most tools work the same
way they did in earlier versions. As before, a mouse-activated tooltip
gives the name of each toolbar button and panel symbols.

Seamless TEX in an XML environment

You can seamlessly import TEX les created with earlier versions
of the program, and you can export any document as a TEX le.

Create XHTML web les with ease

Make representations of your mathematics available on various platforms over the Internet with a browser.

Mathematics in MathML
In and les, Version 6 represents your mathematics as MML.
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Chapter 1 | Getting Started

Multiple display options

Display your document with or without tags, as source
code, or (except SNB).

Multiple document production options

When youre ready for output, you can choose whether to preview
and print directly from the program window or view your document
in a browser. And in SWP or SW, you can typeset your document
when you need the extensive document formatting that LATEX and
pdfLATEX provide.

Easy sharing of documents

Documents and all les related to them (embedded les, plot les,
etc.) are automatically bundled to include all necessary les. To share
a document, you need only share a single le bearing the extension .sci.
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For Existing Users

Copy selections more accurately to other applications

Preserve the appearance of information in your document when
you use the enhanced copy operation to copy selections to other applications. e copy operation writes your selection to the clipboard
in /MML. e new format is more easily recognized by
other applications.

Context-sensitive status bar indicates xhtml code

Version 6 makes more information available to you as you work. A
glance at the status bar tells you which tags are in eect at the insertion
point.

De ne automatic substitution sequences for text

and mathematics
Speed the entry of the text and mathematical expressions you use
most o en with an enhanced automatic substitution feature.

Speed document formatting with new interactive dialogs

e page layout you de ne in a new WYSIWYG interface translates directly to TEX. eres little or no need to use the document
preamble or raw TEX commands to achieve the page format you want.
Common tasks such as section head and footnote formatting are simpler.
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Chapter 1 | Getting Started

Enter content quickly with fragments

With Version 6 you can create fragments containing code,
TEX code, graphics, or anything else that can go on the clipboard.

Change your mind

Invoke the new Unlimited Undo capability with the standard
Ctrl+z (Command+z for Macintosh) shortcut.

Enter tables precisely

Use the new visual interface to create a table of the exact dimensions you need.

Work faster from the keyboard

Use new keyboard shortcuts to enter or remove section tags and
quickly structure your document.
e keyboard shortcuts for performing basic operations and entering symbols, characters, and the
most common mathematical objects are faster to use than the mouse.

Edit eciently
Save time by leaving dialog boxes open while you make replacements and corrections.

Check your spelling in realtime

With inline spell checking from MySpell, you can catch any misspellings. MySpell includes dictionaries in over 40 languages. Misspelled words have a wavy red underline.

Search from the keyboard

Use the arrow keys to initiate fast character search and incremental
nd.

Use improved and scalable fonts

Use pdfLATEX and XETEX to create documents with a wide variety of scalable fonts.
e so ware supports the New Font Selection Scheme (NFSS); with XETEX you can use any OpenType font installed on your computer, as well as Unicode and associated extended
Unicode TrueType fonts. e program includes the latest version of
LATEX and AMS macros. e packages yield ligatures and improved
kerning in Times text when documents are typeset, and both use the
widely accepted PostScript New Font Selection Scheme (PSNFSS) for
LATEX.

Tip:
Use the context menu (right-click) to see
suggested corrections.

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For New Users

Create AMS-LATEX documents

Create documents in AMS-LATEX format automatically by choosing a shell that uses AMS-LATEX typesetting speci cations.

Produce documents using REVTEX

REVTEX is a package of LATEX macros designed for preparing

physics manuscripts.
e so ware includes a shell with typesetting
speci cations for producing typeset documents for several dierent
publications.

Create and operate on matrices

Build matrices quickly with Fill Matrix. Carry out implied operations simply by applying Evaluate to a sum, product, or power. Apply
the numerous mathematical operations displayed on the Matrices submenu.

Operate with the names of functions, after de ning them

by expressions
De ne generic functions and use them to illustrate rules for dierentiation, or use the names of generic functions in de ning new functions.

Make use of user-de ned functions

Use the De ne Name dialog box to access and take advantage of
functions that have been programmed in MuPAD or that reside in
the standard computational engine libraries, or to create custom programmed functions.

For New Users

One of the most important things to understand when using MacKichan products is the dierence between semantic and formative tagging. Most people are used to the latter: You wish to emphasize a
word, so you select it and choose bold, italics, underline, or some other
format option. In Scienti c Workplace (SWP), however, you select the
text and apply a meaningful tag; say, Emphasis. e exact way the
text is displayed is independent of this tagging. It could be changed at
production time to suit dierent requirements: italics for print, bold
for the Web, underline for a screenplay, etc.
Working this way, you dont have to go back and retag everything
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Chapter 1 | Getting Started

that you might have tagged italic if you need for it to be underlined;
you simply change how the tag Emphasis is printed and displayed.
One change instead of many.
e logical separation of the creative
process of writing documents from the mechanical process of formatting them has always been at the heart of the user interface in Scienti c
Workplace (SWP) and Scienti c Word (SW).
As you write, the tags you apply to your content not only establish
the documents structure but also consistently de ne its printed, online, or typeset appearance, all according to the properties associated
with each tag. Tag properties are determined by the documents style,
a collection of commands that de ne the way the document appears
when you display it on the screen or in a browser, and when you produce it without typesetting. In SWP and SW, tag properties are also
determined by the documents typesetting speci cations.
While you are doing the work of creating content, you do not need
to be distracted by formatting tasks. e program does that work for
you. In other words, while you do the work of creating a good document, the program does the work of creating a beautiful one. And with
so many available output options, each with a dierent purpose and
appearance, taking the time-consuming approach of trying to make
the document on the screen look as much as possible like the document in print is simply not necessary.
Because the document window doesnt correspond directly to the
size of online or printed pages, the program doesnt display page divisions or xed line lengths on the screen; lines are broken to t the size
of the window. If you resize the window, the program reshapes the
text to t it. When you preview your document, youll see the page
divisions correctly.
MacKichan products share an easy-to-use scienti c word processor that accepts mathematics entered using familiar mathematical notation on the same screen as text.
e programs use styles and tags
for formatting documents, which can be printed directly or saved as
les for use on your website. Version 6 provides direct access to the Internet from within the program. e online Help system
provides fast information when you need it. SWP and SW support
typesetting with LATEX, pdfLATEX or XETEX, as well as direct printing
without typesetting. SWP and Scienti c Notebook (SNB) support a
wide range of symbolic and numeric mathematical computations with
MuPAD, including plotting and animation of various two- and threedimensional expressions, computing with named physical units, and
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For New Users

performing dynamic calculations with formula objects.

Capabilities and Features
SWP SW
Document creation and printing

Typesetting with

output with MML

Computation, plotting, and animations

SNB

Arrange your workplace

Hide the toolbars you dont need; and display the symbol panels
in sidebars while you work.

Con gure the symbol panels

Customize the symbol panels by removing the symbols that you
dont use. Revert easily to the original con guration of the cache and
the panels.

Choose document shells that meet your requirements

Select the typeset and non-typeset appearance of your document
by choosing from among numerous shells, or sets of speci cations,
for producing books, articles, reports, and other types of documents.
View typeset images of sample documents for each shell provided with
the program in A Gallery of Document Shells for Scienti c WorkPlace
and Scienti c Word, on the program DVD. Because the speci cations
contain complete document formatting instructions, you can concentrate on writing your document instead of on formatting its appearance.
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Chapter 1 | Getting Started

Use the program with non-Roman languages

You can use any TrueType or OpenType font installed on your
computer to create documents in languages other than English. Enter
documents from non-U.S. keyboards, including those for right-to-le
languages. e program also provides fonts and hyphenation support
for European languages other than English. If you typeset, you can
switch languages in the same document by using Babel, the multilingual LATEX package, and Polyglossia for XELATEX (designed for Unicode).

Get help
Documentation available online includes extensive information
about creating documents and performing mathematical computations.
Use the Help search feature to nd information quickly when you
need it.

Before You Begin

Before you attempt to install and use the program, make sure your
personal computer or network client computer meets the hardware
and so ware requirements shown in the DVD booklet supplied with
the program.

Conventions
Understanding the notation and the terms used in our documentation will help you understand the instructions. We assume youre familiar with the basic procedures and terminology for your operating
system. In our manuals, we use the notation and terms listed below.

General Notations
Text like this indicates information you should type exactly as it
is shown.
Text like this indicates information that you must supply, such as
a lename.
Typeset your le means to process your document with LATEX or
pdfLATEX.
Commands on menus and submenus are shown as Menu, [Submenu,] Command, with arrows separating each part. For instance, the
Save As... command on the File menu is shown as File Save As... e
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Conventions

Direct Print Preview command on the Print Preview submenu of the

File menu is given by File Print Preview Direct Print Preview.

Keyboard Conventions
We use standard computer conventions to give keyboard instructions
e names of keys in the instructions match the names shown on
most keyboards. Ctrl (Windows) and Cmd (Mac) are synonymous,
as are Enter (Windows) and Return (Mac). Names of keys are always
shown in Windows format. Macintosh users should substitute Mac
keys (e.g. Cmd and Return) as appropriate. For right-clicking, Macintosh users with a single-button mouse should substitute Ctrl+click.
A plus sign (+) between the names of two keys indicates that you
must press the rst key and hold it down while you press the second
key. For example, Ctrl+g means that you press and hold down the Ctrl
key, press g, and then release both keys.
Press the Alt key followed by the indicated letter(s) (F for File, S
for Save, e.g.) to quickly access menus and commands. Press Esc to
cancel.
Press Enter in an empty paragraph to terminate any structure (subsection, list, etc.) and return to the next level up. (Pressing Enter twice
is the same.)
is does mean that you cant ordinarily press Enter
multiple times to create white space. To create vertical space, either
use Insert Spacing Objects... Vertical Space... OR use Con guration to change how pressing Enter in an empty paragraph works.

Macintosh Users Note

Important:
Terminating Lists, Subsections, etc.

Mouse Conventions
e instructions in this manual assume you have not changed any
mouse button defaults. You can use the right mouse button to display a Context menu for the current selection or the item under the
mouse pointer. (Mac Users: Ctrl+click.) Pressing the Application key
or Command key also displays the menu.
In any dialog box, click the OK button to put changes into eect
and dismiss the dialog box. Click the Cancel button to dismiss the
dialog box without taking any other action. You may also click the
Close button in the upper right corner of the dialog box.

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Basics

[I]f we want to subject science itself to a rigorous scrutiny...we must begin by reawakening the basic experience of the world, of which science is the
second-order expression Maurice Merleau-Ponty (19081961)

he Scienti c WorkPlace (SWP), Scienti c Word (SW), and Scienti c Notebook (SNB) Version 6 program window has been
completely redesigned to provide easy access to the tools you
need to create and navigate documents. In addition to the standard
menu bar at the top, there is a status bar at the bottom and several
other customizable toolbars just above the text entry area. Optional
sidebars display a navigable outline of your document, symbol panels,
a link to a web page on our web site that gives current information
about updates, new shells, extensions, etc., and/or a list of available
fragments. Tabs at the bottom of the screen change the display mode
of your document: normal text entry, a view with the tags shown,
a view of the source code, or a preview.
Program tools are available from the menus, toolbar buttons, tabs,
and via keyboard shortcuts. Many tools may be invoked in multiple
ways to suit your style of work: via menu, button, or keyboard. In this
manual, we generally indicate only one of the possible ways of accessing a tool, generally via the menus. A table of alternative methods is
given at the end of each subsequent chapter of this manual. Appendix
A lists all command shortcuts.

Menus
Toolbars
Sidebars
Display Modes
Status Bar
Additional Information

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Chapter 2 | Basics

Menus
e command menus are the same no matter what MacKichan
product you have installed, with these exceptions: In SW, the Compute menu isnt available. In SNB, the Typeset menu isnt available.
Menu
Function
File
Open, close, save, import, and export new and
existing les; print, and preview documents; leave
the program
Edit
Edit, delete, move, or copy and paste text or
mathematics; undo; nd and replace content; check
spelling
Insert
Insert graphics, tables, breaks, lines, and spacing;
insert mathematical objects and typeset objects;
insert markers, notes, formulas, and hypertext links
View
Change the display mode; open the sidebar; toggle
the display of items like notes, markers, and invisible
characters
Go
Move to marker or to paragraph
Tag
Apply tags; change the non-typeset appearance of
tagged text; assign tags to function keys
Typeset
Work with packages and settings; compile your
document in SWP and SW using pdf TEX or XETEX
Tools
Provide user setup and system settings; access tools;
execute jumps; set automatic substitution sequences
Compute Perform mathematical computations in SWP and
SNB
Window
Navigate among open documents
Help
Access the online Help system and MacKichan
website; register your system; obtain system
information
Program
On the Macintosh only, the About..., Preferences,
(Macinand uit commands are on the Program menu,
tosh
SWP.
only)
When you choose a menu, the program displays a pull-down list
of available commands. When you move the mouse over a command
that is followed by an arrow, the program displays a list of associated
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Menus

commands so you can choose among them. When you choose a command that is followed by an ellipsis (dots), the program displays a dialog box so you can make additional choices. Some commands are
available only in certain environments or circumstances; for example,
the Paste command isnt available if you havent already copied a selection to the clipboard. Unavailable commands are dimmed.

FILE Menu
Commands in the le menu apply to documents as a whole.

New Document...
Opens the Select Shell for a New Document dialog box.

A shell document contains all information needed to create a new

document, including the document type, the LATEX style, tags for formatting and structuring the document, etc. When you select a shell,
a document is created with a made up name. You should change this
title the rst time you save the document.
A document can be fairly complex, consisting of an le,
many graphics les, MuPAD plots, .css les (which determine the onscreen presentation of the document tags), and generated les such as
TEX and les. ese are all collected together in a document le
which has the le extension .sci, and which is, in fact, a complete directory of les zipped together. is makes it easier to move les on a
single computer or between computers, as all the needed components
are contained in the .sci le rather than in multiple les and locations.
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Chapter 2 | Basics

Open File...
Accesses the Open File dialog box, with which you may select an
existing le for editing.

e program works with .sci and .xhtml les. (You may choose to
open other text-based le types, but these will generally all open and
be edited as straight, unformatted text.)
When you open a .sci le, the zip le is unwrapped and written to
a working directory. When your editing is completed, this directory
and its altered les are zipped up again into an .sci le and the working
directory is deleted. An le is converted to an .sci le. Any
graphics that it refers to will be copied rst into the working directory
and then into the zipped up .sci le.

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Menus

Import TEX...
Allows you to open and edit TEX documents and documents created with previous versions of MacKichan so ware. ese documents
will be converted to .sci format.

Export TEX...
Gives you the ability to share documents with a TEX user who
does not have access to MacKichan so ware. Choosing this command
brings up a dialog box with which you may choose to save the current
document in TEX format.

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Chapter 2 | Basics

Export to Web...
Saves current document in .html format, copying internal .css les,
etc., into the .sci le and changing the internal links.

Recent Files
Shows a list of the most recent les with which you have worked,
making it easier to select one for editing.

Clean Up
Cleans up temporary les created during previews.

Close
Closes the current document. If you have any unsaved changes,
you will be asked if you wish to save or discard them. You may also
choose to cancel the Close operation as this point. You may also close
a document by clicking the Close box (marked with a small x) in the
upper right corner.

Save
Opens the Save Document As dialog box the rst time you select
this command with a new document open, allowing you to choose a
name and location under which to save it and to choose the le type.
A er a document has been saved, choosing this command again saves
the document without the dialog box appearing.

Note:
In Version 6, you can save by pressing Ctrl + s,
which is the accepted standard Save shortcut.

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Menus

Save As...
Opens the Save Document As dialog box every time you choose
it.
is allows you to save a copy of the current document under a
dierent name, and to work on the copy.

Save Copy As...

Save a copy of the current document, either to a new directory or as
an .sci le. Note that you continue working on the original document,
not on the copy as you do with Save As...

Revert
Discards all unsaved changes, rolling document back to the last
saved version. is command is not available if no changes have been
made since the document was last opened or saved or if the document
has never been saved.

Page Setup...
Brings up the Page Setup dialog box, in which you may make choices regarding your printer and its speci cations for use in direct printing. e Format and Options tab controls page orientation and the
scale at which to print.
e Margins & Header/Footer tab controls
the overall margins on top, bottom, le and right and also lets you
determine the placement of headers and footers.

Print Preview

Note:

Choose to preview what your document will look like when printed.
You may choose Direct Print or Typeset previews. You may also

TEX typsetting features will not be used when

you choose to direct print.
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Chapter 2 | Basics

select a default print preview choice from among the two. When you
choose one of these commands, the preview version of your document
is displayed in the program window. Click Close to return to editing.

Print
Choose to print your document via Direct Print or Typeset .
Doing so opens the Print dialog box in which you may specify print
options such as the page range to print, the number of copies, whether
to print to a le, and how to handle frames.

Document Info....
Accesses the Document Info dialog box, which has tabs for viewing and editing various information items associated with the current
document. ese include:
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Menus

Tab
General

Comments
Print Options

Document Links
and Metadata
Save Options

Description
Name of le, exact path to les directory, date and time created and
last revised, original language of composition, shell used to create
document, full document title.
User-de ned comments and description elds.
Specify how to direct-print document, including whether to display
or suppress invisible items like returns and spaces, color and zoom
factor to use.
Wide variety of user-de ned elds that may be de ned with text
entries or with links.
Specify how to store dierent parts of the documents working les.

Style...
Opens the Document style sheets dialog box, allowing you to browse
for and attach dierent styles to your document, altering its overall
appearance without changing its contents. Tabs let you select from
among style sheets, scripts, tag de nitions, XSLT translators, and LATEX
styles to use with the current document.

Quit
Exits the program, closing all documents in the process. If you
have unsaved changes in any open documents, you will be asked if you
wish to save, discard changes, or cancel the uit operation. On the
Macintosh version, this command is on the SWP (Application) menu.

Macintosh Users Note

EDIT Menu
e Edit menu contains commands for working with document
content, most of which should be familiar from your work with other
applications

Undo
New to Version 6, you may undo an unlimited amount of previous
editing changes from your current session with the document
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Chapter 2 | Basics

Redo
is command is unavailable until you have chosen to Undo one
or more changes. At that point, you may choose Redo to reapply the
last undone editing change. Note that if you choose to undo the last
change, and then make another editing change, Redo is no longer available.

Properties
Accesses a properties dialog box; the exact one that appears depends upon what sort of object (paragraph, math expression, etc.) the
cursor is in when you select the command and which speci c choice
you make among properties. Use the dialog box that appears to apply
special properties to the item at the insertion point.

Cut
Delete the current selection and place it on the clipboard, from
which it may be moved and reinserted elsewhere in the current document or other documents. is command is unavailable if there is no
current selection.

Copy
Copy the current selection and place it on the clipboard. From
here it may be replicated elsewhere in the current document or other
documents. is command is unavailable if there is no current selection.

Note:
There may be an entire nested chain of items
whose properties may be changed, e.g.
chapter, section, subsection, bodyText.

Paste
Place a copy of the current clipboard contents at the insertion point.
is command is unavailable if nothing has been cut or copied to the
clipboard (including from other applications).

Paste Without Formatting

Place a copy of the current clipboard contents at the insertion point
without any tag or formatting information. is command is unavailable if nothing has been cut or copied to the clipboard (including from
other applications).

Delete
Delete the current selection or the character to the right of the
insertion point if there is no selection.
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Menus

Select All
Select the entire contents of the current document. Useful for applying certain global changes, or for copying an entire document to
the clipboard.

Find and Replace...

Opens the Find and Replace dialog box. Enter a word or phrase
for which you would like to search. You may also specify a word or
phrase with which to replace found instances of the search text. You
may apply tags to the search and/or replacement text.

Find Again
Starting with the current insertion point, locate the next instance
of text matching what you entered using Find and Replace.

Find Previous
Starting from the current insertion point, locate the rst previous
instance of text matching what you entered using Find and Replace.

Check Spelling
Accesses the dedicated spelling checker, as opposed to the inline
spell checking that is always operative. (Misspelled words are agged
with a wavy red underline; right-click to get suggested corrections from
the context menu.) With the Check Spelling dialog, you can choose
to replace a misspelled word or to ignore the suggested corrections.
You may also specify which language to use.

Count Words
Returns the word count for the current document in a dialog box.
e count is obtained by looking at the number of sequences of characters separated by spaces, returns, tabs, and the like. (Some word counts
are obtained by taking the whole number of characters in a document
and dividing by ve, which is the average number of characters in an
English word.) Click OK to dismiss it.

Special Characters
On the Macintosh there is an OS X dialog box that allows you to
select special characters.

Macintosh Users Note

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Chapter 2 | Basics

INSERT Menu
e Insert menu contains commands for placing a number of different special items into your document, including images, tables, and
math objects.

Image...
Brings up the Image dialog box. Use it to select a graphics le
to put into your document at the current insertion point. You may
set a number of dierent properties for the selected image, including
its size, placement, whether it should be put into a container (frame),
whether to import or reference it, and so on.
When you import an image le, it is copied and the copy is placed
in a special location in the documents .sci le. If you reference an
external image, the le is kept in its original location. It is easier to
share documents with images handled in the former manner. Look
on page 63 for instructions on working with images.

Table...
Specify the size of and insert a table in your document at the current insertion point. You can click and drag to specify the number of
rows and columns ( uickly tab), enter the exact number (Precisely),
and specify the format for a selected cell (Cell tab). Look on page 63
for information on inserting tables.

Line...
Insert a horizontal rule in the document at the insertion point,
with speci ed color, li (position above the text baseline), width (length),
and height (thickness). Units are initially speci ed in points, but you
may choose inches, millimeters, or centimeters as well. Look on page 62
for usage information.

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Menus

Frame...
Create a frame at the insertion point. A frame is a box that may
contain text, tables, images, or other objects. ere are many options
you may specify when creating a frame, including the margins, the border thickness and color, and the way the frame is displayed (at a certain
position, oating, etc.). Additional information on page 64 shows you
how to enter frames.

Breaks...
Place a division in the text at the insertion point, such as a discretionary hyphen, line break, or page break.
Breaks
Allowbreak
Line break is permitted if necessary
Discretionary
Use to control exactly where a word
hyphen
breaks. If word occurs at end of line,
insert hyphen in word at this point and
break.
No break
Do not break line ever at speci ed point
Pagebreak
Break page at speci ed point
Newpage
Start a new page at speci ed point
Linebreak
Break line at speci ed point
Newline
Start a new line at speci ed point
Custom newline
Start a new line with user-de ned
settings

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Chapter 2 | Basics

Spacing Objects
Horizontal Spaces
Specify the kind or amount of horizontal space to add at the insertion point.
Horizontal
Normal
Required
Non-breaking
space
Em space
2 em space
in space
ick space
Italic correction
Negative thin
space
Zero space
No ident
Custom

Standard space; 29 em (width of letter

m)
2
9 em; space must be included
2
9 em; word following space must
appear on same line as word preceding
space
Width of letter m
2 m widths
1
6 em
5
18 em
Varies; used to maintain correct oset
from top of preceding italic character
- 61 em
0 em
Do not indent at space
User-de ned space

Vertical Spaces
Specify the kind or amount of vertical space to add at the insertion
point.
Vertical
Small skip
Medium skip
Big skip
Strut
Math strut
Custom

(based on 12pt font)

5
16 inch
3
8 inch
7
16 inch
3
16 inch
7
32 inch
User-speci ed

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Menus

Math
Toggles text entry mode to Math entry. Subsequent editing will
enter math objects.

Text
Toggles entry mode to Text entry. Subsequent editing will enter
text objects.

Math Objects
Insert one of the speci ed Math objects at the insertion point.
ere are a number of math objects you may enter; see Chapter 5 for
information on working with them and other mathematical entities.

Marker...
A marker is an invisible object with a speci c name that may be
referenced from elsewhere; for example, as the target of a hyperlink or
cross reference. Use this command to set up a marker at the insertion
point. Although invisible, the marker can appear in the direct view of
the document.

Footnote
Places a numbered footnote in the text at the insertion point.

Note...
Place a note (footnote, endnote, margin note, etc.) at the insertion
point. Look on page 64 for information on the type of notes you may
insert and how to work with them.

Typeset Object
A typeset object contains information about the typeset form of
the document, such as citations, index locations, cross-references, TEX
elds, and bibliographic references. is command brings up one of
several dialog boxes with which you may customize one of these objects to place at the insertion point. Consult Chapter 6 for more information about various typeset objects.
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Chapter 2 | Basics

Hyperlink...
Insert a hyperlink at the current location of the insertion point.
You may specify an external le or web location, or a marker (identi ed
by its key) within the current document.

HTML Field...
Insert the contents of a named eld at the insertion point.

VIEW Menu
e View menu has commands to adjust how you see the current
document and the program window itself.
e rst four commands in the View menu replicate the action of
the tabs along the bottom of the document pane.

Normal Edit Mode

Set document display to standard edit mode.

XML Tags
Show tags within the document display.

XML Source
Show the source code for the current document.

Preview
Display a print preview of the current document. e exact preview shown (Direct, ) depends on the default preview method
chosen using the File > Print Preview > Select Default command.
e next two commands in the View menu apply to TEX.

TEX Log

Display the most recent TEX processing log. e log shows results
of running TEX on your document and may provide information to
aid in troubleshooting should you have diculties.
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Menus

TEX File
Show the TEX le for the current document. A separate window
opens containing the TEX code for the document on which youre
working.
e next two sets of commands in the View menu let you select
which sidebars and toolbars you wish to see in the program window.

Sidebars
Toggle display of the le and right program sidebars.

Toolbars
Toggle display of the Standard, Editing, Math, and Symbol toolbars that appear at the top of the program window, just below the
menus.
e next set of commands in the View menu toggle the display of
various special objects.

Footnotes
Choose whether to show footnotes at their document locations.

Other Notes
Choose whether to show other notes at their document locations.

Invisibles
Toggles display of generally hidden items such as spaces, returns,
discretionary hyphens, frames around lists, list items, environments,
and the like.

Helper Lines
Toggles display of guide lines.

Input Boxes
Toggles display of input boxes.

Index Entries
Choose whether to show index entries at their document locations.
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Chapter 2 | Basics

Markers
Choose whether to show markers at their document locations.
e nal command in the View menu adjusts the size at which you
view the current document.

Zoom
Choose whether to enlarge or reduce the size of the current document. You may also reset to the original zoom factor.

GO Menu
e Go menu contains commands for navigating within a document.

To Marker...
Brings up a dialog box allowing you to go to a selected marker location from among those shown.

To Paragraph...
Advance to a speci ed paragraph number or forward or backward
by a given number of paragraphs.

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Menus

TAG Menu
e Tag menu has commands to change the format and appearance of the current document.

Function Keys...
Accesses the Function key dialog box. Use this to assign formatting commands to speci c function keys to speed editing. You may
also assign scripts to function keys. Note that certain function keys
are reserved for operating system use.

Advanced...
Select font, font size and line spacing, or font color to use at the
insertion point or on the current selection.

CSS Editor
Accesses the Tag Appearance dialog box, with which you may create and edit the CSS stylesheets to adjust a wide variety of on-screen
appearance options (paragraph styles, font styles, etc.)
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Chapter 2 | Basics

TYPESET Menu
e Typeset menu contains commands for determining the typeset appearance of a document.

Document Format...
Accesses the Document Format dialog box, giving you a wide range
of choices for altering or overriding document appearance options speci ed by the document shell (page formatting, font choice, number of
columns, section styles, and so on.) If you leave the rst checkbox
blank (on the General tab its labeled Enable overriding the document
style), all the options on the dialog box will be grayed out.

Preamble...
Opens the Preamble dialog box. Use it to add commands to the
documents preamble. is is helpful in case you employ LATEX packages which SW and SWP do not support directly.

Bibliography Choice...
Specify whether to use BTEX or manual bibliography item entry.

Options and Packages...

Manage the class options and TEX packages used by the document.

TOOLS Menu
Contains various items for con guring and customizing your SW,
SWP, and SNB experience..

JavaScript debugger...
Use to troubleshoot embedded JavaScript code.
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Menus

DOM Inspector...
Lets you view DOM information for the current document and
others.

Extensions...
Lets you view and manage Mozilla extensions.

Themes...
Lets you choose between Mozilla themes.

Automatic Substitution...
Lets you specify text or a script to insert when a speci ed combination of keystrokes is entered. You may restrict substitution to Math
or Text entry modes, or have it occur in both.

Preferences...
Adjust how you want the program to appear and operate.
e
Preferences dialog box has tabs for general settings, editor controls,
computation, plots, and typesetting. On the Macintosh, this command is available through the SWP (Application) menu.

Macintosh Users Note

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Chapter 2 | Basics

Tab
General
Editor
Computation
Plots
Typesetting

Purpose
Adjust auto-saving, using arrow keys to nd, which shell to use when
starting a new document, default size and placement for new images.
Enable realtime spellchecking, etc.
Adjust input, output, matrices, derivatives, entities, and the
computational engine.
Adjust axes, layout, labeling, and the view
Specify BTEX, , and miscellaneous options.

COMPUTE Menu
e Compute menu contains a wide variety of commands for evaluating mathematical expressions. e commands in the Compute menu
are not documented in this book. Learn about them and their use in
Doing Mathematics with Scienti c Workplace and Scienti c Notebook,
Version 6 .

WINDOW Menu
Use the Window Menu to move between open documents. ere
will be one entry in the Window menu for each document you have
open.
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Menus

HELP Menu
e Help menu accesses the online help system, the MacKichan
web site, and product registration and licensing.
e rst three commands in the Help menu access the online help
system.

Contents...
Accesses the online help table of contents.

Search...
Accesses a dialog box with which you may search the online help
for speci ed text.

Index
Accesses the online help index.

MacKichan Software Website

If you have Internet access, choosing this command launches your
default browser and/or opens the MacKichan web site http://www.
mackichan.com) in a new tab.
rough this web site you can nd out
how to contact MacKichan for technical support and other needs.
e last commands on the Help menu deal with licensing and registration.

Register....
Lets you register your copy of MacKichan so ware.

System Features...
Shows a dialog box with your product name, serial number, computer identi cation, etc.

License Information
Accesses a window with information about MacKichan So wares
licensing policies.

About product
Shows a dialog box with a few speci cs on the currently installed
MacKichan product.
is includes information about the so ware
version with which you are working. On the Macintosh, this command is available through the SWP (Application) menu.

Macintosh Users Note

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Chapter 2 | Basics

Toolbars
e Version 6 program window has four customizable toolbars.
e Standard toolbar contains buttons for invoking common le operations (New, Open, Save, Print, Preview), toggling from text to math,
and the list boxes for tag lists (character, paragraph, division, front
matter). Text in gray identi es the purpose of the tags in each list:

e Editing toolbar buttons invoke ordinary editing tools (Check

spelling, Copy, Cut, Paste), Undo and Redo, Search, Space, bold and
italic tags, and several others:

e Math toolbar buttons insert mathematical objects such as fractions, integrals, matrices, and radicals directly into your document or
open dialog boxes so that you can make additional speci cations. Certain buttons invoke common computational operations.

e Symbol toolbar has palettes of buttons for adding a wide variety of symbols to your documents.

e Plot toolbar appears if you have a plot in your document. Refer to Doing Mathematics for information about plots.

Hint:
With the exception of those on the Symbol toolbar, the buttons
on the toolbars are identical in function to commands on the menus.
Point the mouse at each toolbar button for a few seconds to display
a brief tooltip that identi es the button. As with menu commands,
buttons that appear dimmed are unavailable.

Tooltips let you know what various interface

features (buttons, symbols) are for.

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Sidebars

Sidebars
e Version 6 sidebars display several palettes that make document
editing easier. You may toggle the display of sidebars on either side
of the document pane, and you may choose which palettes/panes to
display in either sidebar using the Add drop-down menu. e Actions
drop-down menu lets you close or move palettes in a sidebar.
You may toggle the display of either sidebar. Note the small graphic
on the inside border of each, containing two arrowheads separated by
a column of dots. Click this graphic to toggle sidebar display. You may
also toggle sidebar display from the View menu. Click on any button
in the Symbols palette to place the associated symbol at the insertion
point.

Display Modes
In addition to working in the normal editing view, you can display
your document as an le, shown either in ASCII representation
or with all tags depicted as icons. You can also preview your document as a le. Click the tabs along the bottom of the document
window.

Status Bar
New in Version 6,the context-sensitive Status bar operates in two
display modes, Normal and Tags, to indicate the active
tags. You can easily tell which tags are in eect at the insertion point.
In the image shown below, the insertion point is in a bodyText paragraph within a section within a chapter.

Le sidebar with Symbols palette

and Fragments pane

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Chapter 2 | Basics

Additional Information
For information on program shortcuts, consult the Appendix. You
may also consult the Getting Started DVD booklet for a brief orientation to the user interface and the book Doing Mathematics with Scienti c WorkPlace and Scienti c Notebook for information on mathematics and computation.
In the remainder of this book, we take an increasingly in-depth
look at using the so ware. e rst item under consideration is how
to create and edit a simple document.

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Creating a Simple Document

I have found that all ugly things are made by those who strive to make something beautiful, and that all beautiful things are made by those who
strive to make something useful. Oscar Wilde (18541900)

t its most basic level, your work in Scienti c WorkPlace (SWP),

Scienti c Word (SW), and Scienti c Notebook (SNB) consists
of creating new documents or working with existing ones and
then preserving the work you do by saving the les. By default, Version
6 saves your documents as les and gives them a le extension
of .sci.
is is a change from earlier versions of the program, which
saved all les as LATEX les with a le extension of .tex. Of course, in
Version 6 you can import, modify, and export existing .tex les created
with earlier versions, and you can create new LATEX les by exporting
your documents as TEX les.
is chapter explains how to create new documents and how to
open existing documents saved in various le formats. It also explains
how Version 6 saves and closes documents and describes the export
options that are available to you.
e chapter also discusses creating
document copies.

About Document Shells

Opening Existing Documents
Saving Documents in Other
Formats and Location
Information for Power Users

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Chapter 3 | Creating a Simple Document

About Document Shells

Every new document is created from a document shell. e program includes a number of shells that produce both general-purpose
documents and documents designed to meet the speci c publication
requirements of various universities and scholarly journals. Document
shells, which have a le extension of .shl, are installed in the Shells
folder of your program folder.
e shells have dierent purposes. Some have been designed to
create articles; others, to create books, reports, or other types of documents. Some of the shells in the international folder support creating
documents with non-Roman character sets, including Chinese, Korean, and Japanese. ese documents must be produced by typesetting
with XETEX.
Some shells contain prede ned information that you can use or
modify. e tags available for structuring documents dier from shell
to shell. Each shell has several sets of appearance speci cation les.
e program uses some of the les when you display the document
in the program window, view it as an le, or print it directly
from the program window without typesetting. ese les include the
style speci cation (.css le) and the print options. e program uses
the typesetting speci cations associated with the shell only when you
export the document as a .tex le and produce a typeset le (in SWP
or SW).
Occasionally, you may want to use a shell that isnt provided as part
of the program installation. Please note that although you may be able
to create a document using a shell from another source, we support
only those documents created with shells and speci cations that are
provided with the program.
Choosing an appropriate shell is an important decision. Its easier
to choose a shell that has all the formats and capabilities youll need
right at the start rather than trying to add capabilities later as you discover you need them.
Documents shells provided with your program installation are organized by type: articles, books, theses, etc. is helps make it easier
to choose what shell to use based on what type of document youre
creating. Are you writing an article for publication? Look in the Articles folder and see if the organization (publisher, journal, etc.) for
whom youre writing has a prede ned shell. Are you writing a book?

Please Note

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About Document Shells

Look in the Books folder for a shell adapted to the kind of book youre
writing. If a speci c shell does not exist for what youre writing, there
are generalized article, book, and thesis shells you can use.

Standard Document Shell

When you rst open the program, a template article appears using
the Standard_LaTeX_Article shell. If this shell meets your needs, you
can begin working in it immediately.

Opening a New Document

In most cases, the default document shell will not be appropriate
for your needs. You need to create a new document and choose a new
shell for it.
To create a new document
1. Choose File New Document...
ument dialog box appears.

e Select Shell for New Doc-

2. Navigate in the Shell Directories pane until you nd the shell

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Chapter 3 | Creating a Simple Document

you wish to use. Click to select it in the Shell Files pane.

3. Click OK. A new document appears using the shell you chose.
A er you create the initial document, you can set a few of its initial
properties using the Document Info dialog box. Among other things,
you can set the document title.
To give a new document a title

1. Choose File Document Info...

appears.

e Document Info dialog box

2. Click to place the cursor in the Title eld at the bottom of the
items on the General tab.
3. Enter the title for the document.
4. Click OK. e title for the document will now appear in the
title bar of the main window. Try clicking the dierent tabs on
the Document Info dialog box to see the various items you can
de ne for a document.

Tip

Having created a new document and given it a title, you can proceed to save it for the rst time.
To save a new document

1. Choose File Save... e rst time you do this in a new document, the Save Document As dialog box appears.
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Opening Existing Documents

2. Enter a valid le name for the document. (Remember not to use

characters that may be reserved by your operating system, such
as * and /.)
3. Use the directory pane to navigate to a dierent location if you
wish to save the le elsewhere from the default location shown.
4. Click Save. e le name for the document will now appear in
the title bar of the main window.
When your editing work is done, you can either choose File Close
to leave the document without exiting the program, or you can choose
File uit to close the document and the program together. On the
Macintosh the uit command is found on the SWP (Application)
menu.

Macintosh Users Note

Opening Existing Documents

ere are two broad categories of existing documents that you can
open with Version 6. Naturally, there are documents that you (or
someone else) created with Version 6 itself, like the simple one described in the preceding pages. Opening such a document can be as
simple as nding the icon for the le and double-clicking it, or choosing Open File... from the File menu, locating the document le, and
clicking Open.
Alternatively, you may have documents created with previous ver-

Please Note
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sions of MacKichan so ware or with other programs.

ese documents need to be converted into Version 6 format before they can be
edited. You do so using the File > Import and File > Open Web Location commands. When you choose to import a document in Version
6, the original document le is undisturbed.
e so ware creates a
new version of the document in .sci format while preserving the original intact.
To open a document created with Version 6
If the icon for the le you want to open is not readily visible, you
can use the Open File... command to access it.

1. Choose File Open File...

dialog box appears.

e Open Scienti c Workplace le

2. Navigate to the location of the desired le.

3. Click to select the le.
4. Click Open.

e le opens in a new window.

If the document you wish to work with was opened recently on

your system, and you have Version 6 running, you need only locate it
on the Recent Files submenu on the File menu. e last ten les with
which youve worked are displayed there.
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Saving Documents in Other Formats and Location

To open a document created with an earlier version
Version 5.5 and earlier documents are saved in .tex format. ese
documents must be imported into Version 6 before you can work with
them.

1. Choose File Import Tex...

pears.

e Import Tex File dialog box ap-

2. Navigate to nd the le you wish to import.

3. Click to select the les name.
4. Click Open. e le is opened and converted, and then appears
in a new window.
Note that youll need to save the new document you created by
importing.

Saving Documents in Other Formats and Location

At times you may wish to share Version 6 les with others who do
not have the so ware. e easiest way to do this is to export the le
and save it as a .tex le. You can also export your work in format
for use in Web publications.
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To export a document as a LATEX le
1. Open the document and choose File Export TEX...
port TEX File dialog box appears.

e Ex-

2. Select a location and name for the le.

3. Click Save.
open.

e le is exported; the original Version 6 le stays

To export a document as a Web le

1. Choose File Export to Web...
appears.

e Export to Web dialog box

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Saving Documents in Other Formats and Location

2. Select a location and enter a name for the le.

3. Click Save.
e le is exported in format; the original
le stays open.
To save a copy of an open document
You can create a copy of an open document using a new location.
e copy is like a snapshot of your document. When you save a copy
of your document, the program creates the copy but keeps the original
document open so you can continue working in it. Any subsequent
changes you make appear in the original le but not the copy.

1. Choose File Save Copy As...

box appears.

e Save Document As dialog

2. Select a location and type a name for the document copy.

3. Click Save.
le open.

e copy is created and the original document is

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Chapter 3 | Creating a Simple Document

Information for Power Users

Setting Program Options
Use Tools Preferences to see and set certain options relevant to
saving and opening documents and much more (E.g. change default
startup shell, whether to automatically save, etc.).

Click through the tabs to see what kind of preferences you can set.
Of particular interest is the automatic saving option. You can have
the program automatically save your work at an interval you specify
in seconds. Your work will be protected even if you should be called
away before you can remember to save.

Shortcuts
Here is a list of shortcuts for the commands covered in this chapter:
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Shortcuts

Command

Shortcut

Save

Ctrl+s or Alt f s or

New Document

Ctrl+n or Alt f n or

Open Document

Ctrl+o or Alt f o or

uit program

Ctrl+q or Alt f q

Close Document

Alt f c

Save As

Alt f a

Revert

Alt f v

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Editing Documents

Is not this a lamentable thing, that the skin of an innocent lamb should be made parchment? That parchment, being scribbled o'er,
should undo a man? William Shakespeare (15641616), II Henry VI,IV:ii

ntering text is straightforward in Scienti c WorkPlace (SWP),

Scienti c Word (SW), and Scienti c Notebook (SNB) even when
special characters are needed. In Version 6, enhanced tools for
using fragments, automatic substitution strings, and tags make entering text simpler than ever.
is chapter explains how to enter text and text elements such as
lists.

Before You Begin

Before You Begin

Creating Section Headings

Just as grasping the concept of a document shell was important

to the process of creating a new document, understanding how MacKichan so ware treats dierent kinds of information is important before you enter and edit text. e next sections of this chapter note the
dierences between entering text and entering mathematics, and talk
about the importance of tagging.

Basic Text Editing

Entering Text with Special Tools
Enhancing Text

Creating Lists
Adding Non-Text Elements
Information for Power Users

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Text vs. Mathematics

At all times during information entry you are either entering text
or mathematics, and the results obtained from keystrokes and other
user interface actions will dier depending on whether you are entering text or math. us we refer to being in either text mode or math
mode. e default state is text mode; it is easy to toggle between the
two modes and it is also easy to determine what mode you are in. Unless you actively change to mathematics, the program displays a T on
the Standard toolbar and
Interprets anything you type as text, displaying it in black in the
program window.
Displays alphabetic characters as upright, not italicized.
Inserts a space when you press the spacebar.
When you start the program, the insertion point is in text mode.
To toggle between text and mathematics
Click the T on the standard toolbar. e T changes to M,
the insertion point changes to red and appears between brackets.
You may also choose the Math command from the Insert menu.
When you toggle to mathematics, the Math/Text button changes
to an M and the program

Displays the insertion point between brackets for mathematics.

Interprets anything you type as mathematics, displaying it in red
in the program window.
Italicizes alphabetic characters and displays numbers upright.
Automatically formats mathematical expressions, inserting correct spacing around operators such as + and relations such as =.
Advances the insertion point to the next mathematical object
when you press the spacebar.

items.

e remainder of this chapter focuses on entering and editing text

e next chapter discusses how to enter mathematics.

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Before You Begin

About Tagging
In MacKichan so ware, all information is tagged. As was stated
in the New Users section of the rst chapter, this tagging is semantic, or meaningful, in nature. e tags you apply to your content not
only establish the documents structure but also consistently de ne
its printed, online, or typeset appearance, all according to the properties associated with each tag. Tag properties are determined by the
documents style, a collection of commands that de ne the way the
document appears when you display it on the screen or in a browser,
and when you produce it without typesetting. In SWP and SW, tag
properties are also determined by the documents typesetting specications, items generally set using the Typeset > Document Format
command.
In general there are four types of tags, set by using the four dropdown menus on the standard toolbar: text; paragraph or list; division
or environment; and frontmatter. In a sense these are organized in descending order of the level of organization to which they apply. Text
tags can apply to entire blocks of text or to a single character; paragraph tags apply to an entire paragraph, structure tags apply to multiple paragraphs.
e exact set of tags you have available at any time depends upon
your original choice of document shell. is is one of the reasons why
it is important to choose an appropriate shell.
In general, you use text tags for a word or phrase you wish to set
o from the rest of text; for example, using italics to indicate a foreign
word or phrase. Use paragraph tags to indicate the purpose of an entire
paragraph: to serve as the heading for a section, to serve as a body
paragraph, a bibliography entry, and so on.
ese will also aect a
paragraphs alignment. Section tags de ne the purpose of entire blocks
of paragraphs: as a subsection in the current section, as a preface, and
the like. ere is a (removesection) tag to take o a previous section
choice. Use a frontmatter tag at the appropriate place in a document
to automatically generate items such as the title page, table of contents,
or a list of gures. (Appearance of such items is controlled by the shell
and may be adjusted via the Document Format dialog box.)

Note

To apply a tag to a part of a document

1. Click to move the insertion point to the relevant part OR

Click-and-drag to select a section of text.

2. Choose the desired tag from the menu.
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Additional information about applying speci c kinds of tags is

provided later in the chapter.

Basic Text Editing

Information entry in SW, SWP, and SNB consists of typing and
selecting characters and other elements for entry and tagging same.
ere are a number of menu and palette choices to support information entry.

Entering Symbols
Entering standard characters is easy: You just type. Not all characters you may wish to enter are available directly from the keyboard,
however. In many cases, they can be found on palettes, such as the
Symbols palette. You can also enter them using macros.
To enter a character from a symbols palette or toolbar
1. Ensure that the relevant palette is visible. If the Symbol toolbar isnt visible and you want it to be, choose View Toolbars
Symbol toolbar. If the symbols palette isnt visible, choose it
from the Add menu on either the le or right sidebar.

2. Place the insertion point where you want the character to appear.
3. Click the desired tab to display the characters on the palette.
4. Click the character you want.
Symbols shown in black on the palettes are text; those shown in
red are math.
If you prefer working strictly from the keyboard, you can enter special characters with macros. e macro for each character in any symbols palette appears in the corresponding tooltip. So to identify the
macro for a special character or symbol, just let the mouse hover over
the character to display the macro.

Tip

To enter a character with a macro

1. Place the insertion point where you want the character to appear.

2. Press Ctrl+spacebar.
Status bar.

e program opens a Macro box on the

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Basic Text Editing

3. Type the macro for the character or select the macro from the
list that appears as you type. As you type, the program displays
the macro in the Macro box, completing it if possible.
4. Press Enter.

e character is inserted.

e next time you open the Macro box, it displays the name of
the macro you entered most recently, allowing you to enter the same
character or symbol repeatedly.

Non-Roman Character Sets

You can create documents that require non-Roman character sets
using any TrueType or OpenType font that is installed on your computer. You can enter documents from non-US keyboards, including
those for right-le languages. If you typeset your document, you can
use the Babel or Polyglossia packages to switch languages inside the
document.

Typing Special Punctuation

Besides the standard symbols on your keyboard, the program recognizes several specialized punctuation marks and symbols: curled
opening and closing quotation marks ( and ), inverted question marks
(), and inverted exclamation points (). e program also recognizes
the en dash () and the em dash (). You can enter all these punctuation marks from the symbols palettes or from the keyboard.
Entering a punctuation mark from a symbols palette is identical to
entering any other special character; punctuation appears on the last
tab at the bottom le .
To enter a punctuation mark from the keyboard
Use the keystrokes in this table:
To enter
From the keyboard
- (hyphen)
Press (en dash)
Press - twice
(em dash) Press - three times

Press ? and then press (backprime)

Press ! and then press (backprime)

Press (backprime) twice

Press (apostrophe) twice

e program automatically hyphenates text when you typeset your

document, but not when you produce it without typesetting or when
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you use SNB. However, you can request discretionary, or conditional,

hyphenation for speci c words in case they occur at the end of a line.
If you place a discretionary hyphen in a word, the program breaks the
word at that point if necessary, both in print (and, if View Invisibles
is selected) in the program window.
To enter a discretionary hyphen
1. Place the insertion point where you want the word to break.

2. Choose Insert Breaks...

e Breaks dialog box appears.

3. Select Discretionary hyphen.

4. Click OK.

Entering Text with Special Tools

In addition to using the redesigned symbols palettes and entering
characters with macros, you can use several new and enhanced tools
to speed the entry of text.

Entering Text with Fragments

You may need to type some text items repeatedly, such as your
name or aliation. You can store these frequently typed items as agmentsinformation saved in separate les for later recalland import them into your documents quickly. Fragments can contain text,
mathematics, TEX strings, code, graphics, or anything else that
can go on the clipboard. Information in fragments can carry tags.
Fragments from each document are available to all.
e program comes with a few pre-de ned fragments. e most
commonly used fragments are stored in the res/fragments folder of
your program installation. e constants subfolder houses some mathematics fragments.
To display a list of all fragments
1. Display a sidebar with enough space.

2. Choose Fragments from the Add menu on the sidebar, if Fragments are not already visible.
e program opens the sidebar
and displays the Fragments folder tree.
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To import a fragment
1. Place the insertion point where you want the fragment to appear.

2. Select the fragment you want and press Enter, double-click it,
or drag the fragment to your document.
You may also use the Macro box, accessed with Ctrl+spacebar, to
enter the name of a fragment to place at the insertion point. (To close
the macro box, press Return with the cursor in the Macro box.)
Creating a new fragment is easy. When you do so, the program
saves it by default with a le extension of .frg in the res/fragments
folder.

Note

To create a fragment
1. Ensure the Fragments area is open on the sidebar.

2. Ensure that the information you wish to turn into a fragment is

visible in the program window.
3. Select the desired information and drag it to the fragments area.
e Fragment Name and Description dialog box appears.
4. Enter a unique name for the fragment and, if desired, provide a
description. is description will become a tooltip.
5. Click OK.
the sidebar.

e new fragment appears in the Fragment area on

To delete a fragment, right-click its name and choose the Delete

Fragment.frg command from the context menu.

Entering Text with Automatic Substitution

With automatic substitution, the program substitutes prede ned
expressions for typed sequences of letters and numbers. In earlier versions, automatic substitution was available only for fast entry of mathematics. In Version 6, it is extended to text. See the next chapter for
information about using automatic substitution to enter mathematics.
As with fragments, you can de ne and edit your own automatic
substitution sequences. For example, if you frequently use the phrase
Version 6 of Scienti c WorkPlace, you might de ne an automatic
substitution sequence called swp so that you can enter the phrase
quickly. You can enable or disable automatic substitution at any time.
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If you disable it, the program doesnt make a substitution when you
type the corresponding sequences of letters and numbers.
Your program installation includes many prede ned autosubstitution sequences. You can view them by choosing Tools Automatic
Substitution... Click an item in the Keystrokes list at the right to view
its de nition.
To turn automatic substitution on and o
1. Choose Tools Automatic Substitution...
stitution dialog box appears.

e Automatic Sub-

2. Automatic substitution is turned on by default. To disable it

for text entry, click the In Text checkbox under Disable Auto
Substitution.
To enter text with automatic substitution, you need only type the
characters that stand for the text you want to enter. For instance,
typing three hyphens will enter an em-dash. You can view which sequences are available by choosing the Keystrokes menu in the Automatic Substitution dialog box.
You must type exactly the keystrokes shown in the order shown.
at is, if you type sp, then use the back arrow key to insert a w between
the other two letters, there will be no automatic substitution.

Note

To enter your own automatic substitution sequence for use in text

1. Open the Automatic Substitution dialog box.

2. Enter the desired keystrokes in the Keystrokes text edit box.

3. Click the In Text radio button in the Content for Substitution
pane.
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Enhancing Text

4. Enter the text that will be substituted in the Substitution text

edit box.
5. Click Save.
Try testing your automatic substitution text by entering the keystrokes
you chose. (Make sure automatic substitution is enabled rst.) For
straight text items, you may wish to enter a space as the last character
to be substituted.

Enhancing Text
To emphasize words in phrases inside a paragraph by changing their
appearance, you can use text tags, which are collections of text formatting properties. Text tags common to most document shells include
Bold, Em (emphasized), and Sub (subscript). Many shells have additional text tags. Text that doesnt carry any special emphasis tag is
tagged as Normal. Some tags, such as Calligraphic and Blackboard
Bold, start mathematics automatically.
e text tags available to the active document appear in the Text
Tag list on the Standard toolbar.
e appearance and behavior of tagged information depends on
the tag properties, which are de ned twice in SWP and SW: once in
the typesetting speci cations, which are used when you typeset your
document; and, once in the .css le, which is used when the document
is directly printed or displayed. e two sets of properties may dier
signi cantly even though the name of the tag is the same. us, the
appearance of your document depends on which set of properties is
used. In SNB tag properties are de ned only once in the .css le.

Note:
You can apply more than one text tag to a
selection.

To apply a text tag to a selection

1. Select the text you want to tag.

2. Click the arrow at the right of the Text Tag box.

3. Click the tag you want.
You can also apply a text tag to the next information you type. Select the text tag, type the text to have the tag, then be sure to select the
(normal) tag to return to standard text entry. To remove a tag, select
the tagged text and apply the (normal) tag.
Bold and Italic have buttons on the Editing toolbar. Click the button to apply the tag.

Note
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Also, several function keys on your keyboard are assigned to certain text tags. To apply the tag, press the function key assigned to the
tag you want. F4 applies (normal); F5 applies Bold. ese settings can
be changed using the Functions Keys... command in the Tag menu.
To change a function key assignment
1. Choose Tag > Function Keys...
appears.

e Function Keys dialog box

2. Press the Function key you wish to assign.

3. Select a tag to apply from the drop-down list.
4. Click the Save changes to le button then click Done.
function key assignment is put into eect.

e new

Creating Section Headings

Divisions are the major parts of a document. Usually, they are signaled with headings.
e division headings provide the documents
heading structure. Each heading is a whole paragraph. By applying
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Creating Lists

various section tags to the paragraphs in your document, you can create multiple levels of headings, such as parts, chapters, sections, subsections, and subsubsections, depending on the document shell you
use.
e section tags available to the active document appear in the
Section Tag list on the Standard toolbar.
To create a section heading
1. Place the insertion point where you want the heading paragraph
to begin or in the paragraph you want to use as a section heading.

2. Click the arrow at the right of the Section Tag box, then click
the tag you want.
3. Type the heading paragraph if it doesnt yet exist.

Creating Lists
A list is a series of items, each consisting of one or more paragraphs
and each beginning with a speci c lead-in objectan automatically
generated number, a bullet, or some customized text that you supply.
You can create nested lists up to four levels deep; within a list, the levels
can be of dierent types; that is, you can create a bulleted list within
a numbered list. On the screen, indention of the list items indicates
their level.
Lists are created with Item tags. e available tags and their appearance in the program window and in print depend on the document shell. Most shells have tags for numbered and bulleted lists, as
well as lists without lead-in objects. e paragraph box lists the available tags.
You can enter a list tag rst and then create the list item, or apply
a list tag to an existing paragraph. e paragraph box names the item
tag in eect at the insertion point. List tags arent available in certain
environments, such as section headings.
To enter a new list
1. Move the insertion point to the location of the rst item in the
new list.

2. In the paragraph tag menu, choose the tag for the type of list
you want.
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3. To enter an additional paragraph that is part of the current list

entry, press Enter.
4. To enter a paragraph that represents a new list entry, press Enter
in an empty paragraph.
5. To terminate the list, press Enter in an empty list item.
To create a nested list item
1. Start a list, type a list item, and press Enter.

2. With the insertion point in the new paragraph, start a new list
by choosing the appropriate list item tag from the paragraph tag
menu.

Note
Depending on the style sheet in use, you may not see dierent number styles for nested items. ese will appear when the document is
typeset.

Adding Non-Text Elements

In addition to text, you can add horizontal rules (lines), tables, and
images.

Adding Lines
Although the document style determines where lines typically appear in your document, you may want to add solid lines to set o certain portions of the text. You can specify the color, width, height, and
li the position of the line in relation to the baseline of the surrounding text.
To add a line
1. Choose Insert Line...

e Lines dialog box appears.

2. Select a unit of measure and then specify the li , width, and

height of the line in the corresponding boxes.
3. Click the color box and choose a color from the color palette, if
desired, clicking OK on the palette to con rm your choice.
4. Click OK on the Lines dialog box to insert the line.
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Adding Non-Text Elements

Adding Tables
Rather than attempting to line everything up with tabs, spaces,
and returns, you can present tabular information neatly using a table
with a speci ed number of rows and columns. Rows and columns will
resize automatically to t the amount of information being entered,
but you can also manually resize them.
To add a table quickly
1. Choose Insert Table...

e Insert Table dialog box appears.

2. On the uickly tab, click-and-drag the number of rows and

columns desired.
3. Click OK. A table with the desired number of rows and columns
appears at the insertion point.
4. To enter information in a table cell, click to move the insertion
point to the relevant cell and type. (You may also use other textentry methods discussed in this chapter.)
Other tabs on the Insert Table dialog box allow you to exactly
specify the number of rows and columns and to adjust how the
table is displayed. Use the context menu to make other editing
adjustments such as deleting a cell, adding rows, and the like.

Note

Adding Images
You may insert graphic images in your documents. Version 6 supports the current standard graphics le formats.
Some formats that were supported previously have been dropped
in Version 6 because they have turned out to be non-standard.
To insert an image
1. Choose Insert Image...

e Image dialog box appears.

2. Use the Choose File... button on the Image tab to select the
image le to insert.
3. Choose whether to Import the image, which brings a copy of it
into the .sci le, or to Reference external image, which relies on
the image being in a speci c place on your computer. e former is recommended because it makes document management
easier; you dont have to keep track of graphics les when you
move or share your document.
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4. Use the Placement tab to determine exactly where the image will
be displayed when the document is typeset.
5. Use the Frame tab to provide a frame for the image, if desired.
6. Use the Labeling tab to give the image a caption and determine
caption placement, if desired.
7. Click OK to insert the image.

Inserting Frames
A frame is a bordered area that can contain other objects such as
images, tables, and even text. You could use a frame to set up a sidebar,
which could be anchored to a speci c part of your text or to a speci c
location on a page.
To insert a frame
1. Click to move the insertion point to the location where you
want the frame to appear.

2. Choose Insert Frame...

e Frame dialog box appears.

3. Choose the size for the frame by entering a width and height.
Units are in pixels but you may change this using the drop-down
menu at the top.
4. Specify a placement for the frame. It may be In-Line (displayed
within a text line), Displayed (on a line by itself ), or Floating.
Floating frames get placed in the best possible position at typesetting time. You can anchor them to a speci c location (Here)
and also indicate where in reference that that position they
should be placed (Le , Right, Inside, etc.).
5. On the Frame tab, choose margins and borders as desired.
6. Click OK.

e frame is inserted.

Inserting Notes
A note is an extra item of text appearing outside the normal ow,
such as a footnote or a heading appearing in the margin. Notes appear
near their insertion point when you are working with your document,
but appear in the correct place (i.e., at the bottom of the page for footnotes) at typeset time.
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Information for Power Users

To insert a note
1. Click to move the insertion point to the location where you
want the note to appear.

2. Choose Insert Note...

e Note dialog box appears.

3. Choose the type of note from the drop-down list. You may
choose footnote, margin note, margin hint, solution note,
problem-solving hint, note, and answer note.
e placement
of each varies; try experimenting with them to get the desired
eect.
4. Click OK.

e note is inserted; youll see a frame for it.

5. Click to move the insert point to the notes frame and enter the
text, images, or other items you wish to appear.

Information for Power Users

Hints and Tips
Use the arrow keys for quick navigation and editing.
To search forward for a speci c character, hold down the right
arrow key and type the character.
To search backward for a speci c character, hold down the le
arrow key and type the character.
To search forward for a group of characters, hold down the down
arrow key and type the characters.
To search backward for a group of characters, hold down the up
arrow key and type the characters.
Because of this functionality, holding down any of the arrow keys
will not repeatedly move the insertion point. To do so, press the arrow
key twice, holding it down the second time.
Edit items with the context menu. For instance, to change a table,
right-click the table. e context menu that appears has commands
for adding and deleting rows and columns, among other things.
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Shortcuts
e following table shows shortcuts relevant to topics covered in
this chapter.
Command Shortcut
Undo

Ctrl+z or Alt e u

Select All

Ctrl+a or Alt e a

Cut

Ctrl+x or Alt e t

Copy

Ctrl+c or Alt e c

Paste

Ctrl+v or Alt e p

Bold text
Italic text

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[T]urning a page is not the same as writing the next chapter. E.J. Dionne (b. 1952)

s with all versions of Scienti c WorkPlace (SWP), Scienti c

Word (SW), and Scienti c Notebook (SNB) entering math is
straightforward in Version 6. Working right in the program
window, you use familiar notation to enter mathematical characters,
symbols, and objects into your document. Simple commands let you
create displayed or inline mathematics.
Editing mathematics is equally straightforward. You can use standard clipboard and drag-and-drop operations to cut, copy, paste, and
delete selections. You can also use the search and replace features to locate or change mathematical information. Although the program automatically formats mathematics correctly, you may occasionally want
to modify the appearance of your mathematics. Special editing procedures are available for certain mathematical objects.
is chapter gives instructions for entering and editing mathematical information. It explains how to enter mathematical symbols and
characters and how to create automatically formatted objects, such as
fractions, radicals, and operators.

Before You Begin

Entering and Editing Symbols
and Characters
Tagging Mathematics
Entering and Editing
Mathematical Objects
Information for Power Users

Before You Begin

e next sections of this chapter recapitulate the dierences between entering text and entering mathematics.

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Text vs. Mathematics

As we stated in the previous chapter, the default state for Version
6 is text mode; it is easy to toggle between the two modes and it is also
easy to determine what mode you are in. Unless you actively change
to mathematics, the program displays a T on the Standard toolbar
and
Interprets anything you type as text, displaying it in black in the
program window.
Displays alphabetic characters as upright, not italicized.
Inserts a space when you press the spacebar.
When you start the program, the insertion point is in text mode.
To toggle between text and mathematics
Click the T on the standard toolbar. e T changes to M,
the insertion point changes to red and appears between brackets.
You may also choose the Math command from the Insert menu.
When you toggle to mathematics, the Math/Text button changes
to an M and the program

Displays the insertion point between brackets for mathematics.

Interprets anything you type as mathematics, displaying it in red
in the program window.
Italicizes alphabetic characters and displays numbers upright.
Automatically formats mathematical expressions, inserting correct spacing around operators such as + and relations such as =.
Advances the insertion point to the next mathematical object
when you press the spacebar.

About Tagging
To create a Body Math paragraph
1. Place the insertion point where you want the mathematics paragraph to begin.

2. Apply the Body Math tag.

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Entering and Editing Symbols and Characters

On the screen, most document shells use color to distinguish between mathematics and text. e default color for mathematics is red;
the default color for text is black. Math names for functions, operators, and variables appear in gray. e program automatically formats
your mathematics correctly when you display or print your document.
By default, you enter mathematics in the current line of text, but you
can also enter it on a separate line as a mathematical display.
Mathematics behaves dierently in the two environments. For inline mathematics, any operators are sized to t within the line and limits are positioned to the right of operators and functions. e numerators and denominators of fractions are set in small type.
Displayed mathematics appears centered on a separate line and set
o from the information above and below by additional space. Operators within the display are larger than inline operators, limits are positioned above and below operators and functions, and the numerators
and denominators of fractions are set in full-size type.

Entering and Editing Symbols and Characters

In SWP, SW, and SNB you can enter symbols and characters:
With the mouse, from the symbols palettes, especially the Symbol Cache.
Let the mouse hover over each item on the palettes to display
the name of the symbol or character.
With the keyboard, using shortcut macros (usually the TEX name
of the symbol).
e Macro list shows the name you entered most recently.
With an alternate keyboard.
Greek characters are mapped to a Greek keyboard, and many
common mathematical symbols and characters are mapped to
the Symbol keyboard.
To enter symbols and characters from the symbols palettes
Click the symbol or character you want on the Symbol pane on the
sidebar, or click the symbol palette you want on the Symbol toolbar
and then from the list of available symbols, click the symbol you want.

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To enter symbols and characters with shortcut macros
1. Press Ctrl+spacebar to open the Macro box on the Status bar.

2. Type the name of the symbol or character, or type the rst letter
of the name and select the name from the list that opens.
e Macro list self-completes, so entering macros is a fast way
to enter mathematics.
3. Press Enter.
To repeat the most recently entered macro
Press Ctrl+spacebar and then press Enter.
To enter symbols and characters from an alternate keyboard
1. Press Ctrl+7 to change to the Symbol keyboard or Ctrl+g to
change to the Greek keyboard.

2. Press the key for the symbol you want.

To convert text to mathematics
1. Select the text.

2. Toggle to mathematics.
e program converts the selection to mathematics, removing all
ordinary spaces in the selection, italicizing alphabetic characters and
displaying numbers in ordinary text.

Tagging Mathematics
You can add emphasis and meaning to mathematics with text tags.
In mathematics, calligraphic text denotes sets or integral transforms;
blackboard bold denotes the set of real numbers or natural numbers;
and boldface text o en indicates vectors and matrices. You can apply these conventions in your document by applying text tags to your
mathematical content.
e Blackboard Bold, Calligraphic, Fraktur, and Bold Symbol tags
automatically start mathematics. If you apply one of these tags to a
selection, the selection is changed to mathematics even if it was originally text. If you apply one of the tags without having made a selection,
the next thing you enter will be mathematics. Calligraphic and Blackboard Bold are valid only for uppercase letters.
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Entering and Editing Mathematical Objects

e Bold and Bold Symbol text tags have similar names but different behaviors. e Bold tag is for text; it doesnt start mathematics.
If you apply the Bold tag to a selection in mathematics, the program
bolds the selection and changes the mathematics to an upright font.
On the other hand, the Bold Symbol tag automatically starts mathematics, bolding the information while maintaining correct mathematical formatting.
To apply a text tag to mathematics
1. Select the mathematics you want to tag.

2. Click the tag you want on the Text tag list.

To remove a text tag from mathematics
1. Select the mathematics.

2. Click the (normal) tag on the Text tag list.

Entering and Editing Mathematical Objects

Entering mathematical objects such as fractions, subscripts, radicals, and operators with limits is as straightforward as entering simple symbols and characters. Mathematical objects are available on the
Math toolbar and also from the Insert menu. Many also have keyboard
shortcuts and some are available from the alternate Symbol keyboard.

Entering and Editing Objects with Templates

When you enter a mathematical object in your document, the program inserts an expanding template representing the object and places
the insertion point inside it in an input box so you can complete the
object. Until you move the insertion point outside the template, anything you enter becomes part of the mathematical object. e input
boxes appear in the program window if you turn on Input boxes from
the View menu.
Depending on the object it represents, a template may have several
input boxes, such as for limits. Some input boxes are hidden.
Templates expand as necessary. Bracket and radical templates expand both horizontally and vertically to encompass their contents;
fraction bars extend as far as necessary to encompass the longest string
of characters within the fraction; and matrix cells expand as needed.

Note

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To enter a mathematical object
Choose Insert Math Objects and then choose the object you want.
e program inserts a template representing the object and places
the insertion point in the template so you can complete the object.
To move the insertion point outside a mathematical object
Press spacebar or right arrow repeatedly until the insertion point
moves outside the template. You may also click the mouse to the right
of the template.

Entering Fractions and Binomials

e program treats fractions and binomials similarly, automatically extending the bar of a vertical fraction or binomial as far as necessary to encompass the entire fraction. By default, the numerator and
denominator are set in a small-size font for inline mathematics.
To enter a vertical fraction
Choose Insert Math object and then choose Fraction.
e program treats binomials, the Legendre symbol, and Euler
numbers as generalized fractions.
e appearance of delimiters and
fraction lines and the size of the numerator and denominator are modi able.
To enter a binomial or generalized fraction
1. Choose Insert Math object and then choose Binomial

2. Select the le and right delimiters you want, if any.

If you dont want delimiters, uncheck With Delimiters.
3. Make any necessary changes to the fraction line and size.
4. Click OK and then enter the expression.

Entering Radicals
By default, the program enters a radical with the insertion point
underneath. You can open an additional input box to enter a root.
To enter a radical
Choose Inserst Math object and then choose Radical.
To add a root to a radical
Enter a radical and press Tab.

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Entering Subscripts and Superscripts

e program automatically uses a smaller size type for subscripts
and superscripts, which are available from the Insert menu and the
Math toolbar. You can enter them quickly with keyboard shortcuts.
As with other mathematical templates, you can apply the subscript and
superscript templates to selections.
To enter a subscript
Choose Insert Math object and then choose Subscript.
To enter a superscript
Choose Insert Math Objects and then choose Superscript.
If you enter a new subscript or superscript when the insertion point
is inside an existing subscript or superscript, the program adds a new
object. However, if the insertion point is outside and to the right of an
existing subscript and you enter a new subscript, the program moves
the insertion point into the existing subscript instead of creating a new
one. Similarly, if the insertion point is outside and to the right of an existing superscript and you enter a new superscript, the program moves
the insertion point into the existing superscript instead of creating a
new one.
To apply a subscript or superscript template to a selection
Select the mathematics and enter a subscript or superscript.
To enter an expression with a simultaneous subscript and superscript
1. Enter the expression.

2. Enter the subscript and press Tab.

e program creates a superscript and places the insertion point
in it.
3. Enter the superscript.
Alternatively, you can enter the superscript rst.
4. Press spacebar or right arrow to move the insertion point back
to the baseline.

Entering Operators and Limits

A number of mathematical operators are available from the Operators dialog box. Others, such as and , are also available from the
Math toolbar. Inline operators are set in small type; displayed operators are set in larger type.
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To enter a mathematical operator
1. Place the insertion point where you want the operator to appear.

2. Choose Insert Math Objects Operator.

log box appears.

e Operators dia-

3. Select the operator you want and change the size as necessary.
4. Click OK.
You add limits to operators by entering subscripts and superscripts.
By default, when the operator is inline, limits are set to the right. When
an operator is displayed, limits are set above and below. e exception
is the integral operator, for which limits are always set to the right.
To enter limits for an operator
1. Enter the operator.

2. Enter a subscript and type the lower limit.

3. Press Tab.
4. Type the upper limit.
5. Press spacebar or right arrow to move the insertion point back
to the baseline.
Some operators require multiline limits.
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To enter a multiline limit
1. Enter the operator.

2. Enter a subscript or superscript.

3. Type the rst line of the limit.
4. With the insertion point at the end of the limit, press Enter.
5. Type the next line of the limit.
6. Press spacebar or right arrow to leave the limit.

Entering Brackets
e program has two kinds of brackets. Standard brackets, which
you type from any standard keyboard, can be entered singly and dont
change in size to encompass their contents. In contrast, expanding
brackets are available from the Insert menu and the Math toolbar. ey
are always entered in matched pairs. As the name implies, expanding
brackets are elastic, expanding or contracting with their contents.
You can complete the pair of brackets with an empty bracket. Empty
brackets dont appear in print. ey are shown as vertical dotted lines
in the Brackets dialog box and, if you have turned on View Helper
Lines, in the program window.
To enter expanding brackets
1. Choose Insert Math Objects and choose Brackets.

2. From the Brackets dialog box, select the le and right brackets
you want.
3. Click OK.
To enclose an existing expression in expanding brackets
Select the expression and enter the brackets.

Entering and Editing Matrices and Vectors

A matrix is a rectangular array; a vector is a matrix with one column or one row. You can perform computations with matrices and
vectors in SWP and SNB, but remember that computations arent
possible with tables, because they are not mathematical objects, even
if they contain mathematics.
e cells of a matrix or vector are elastic and expand to encompass
their contents. To work with a matrix or vector more easily, you can
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Chapter 5 | Working with Mathematics

outline the cells on the screen with the View Helper lines command;
the outlines dont appear in print.
Matrices and vectors can be placed inline or in displays.
To enter a matrix
1. Choose Insert Math Objects and choose Matrix.
dialog box appears.

e Matrix

2. In the Matrix dialog box, drag the mouse then click to describe
the matrix you want, or enter the number of rows and columns.
3. Click OK.
e program places the insertion point in the top le cell of the
matrix.
4. Enter the contents of the cell and press Tab to move to the next
cell.
5. When the matrix is complete, press spacebar or right arrow to
leave the matrix.
Options for editing matrices are more varied than for other mathematical objects. Once youve created a matrix, use the context menu
(right-click) to change its dimensions by adding or deleting rows and
columns, changing the alignment of its contents or baseline, and modifying the delimiters.

Entering Math Names

e program de nes a special set of multicharacter math names.
e math names include many common variables, operators, and functions, such as log and sin, that have meaning for the computational
engine. (See Doing Mathematics with Scienti c WorkPlace and Scienti c Notebook for detailed information.) You can also create your own
math names. Entering a math name automatically starts mathematics.
Math names appear in the program window in gray upright text.
Many of the math names de ned in your program installation are
also de ned as automatic substitution sequences. You can work quickly
by entering these sequences directly from the keyboard. When automatic substitution is turned on, the program recognizes math names
automatically as you type them. For example, the math name cos is
de ned as an automatic substitution sequence. When you type cos
in mathematics, the co appears on the screen in italics until you type
the s, and then the entire function name changes to upright, gray text.
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e program has substituted the function for the three-character sequence.

To enter a recognized math name
1. Choose Insert Math Objects and choose Math Name.
Math Name dialog box appears.

2. Scroll through the Name list in the Math Name dialog box to
select the name you want, or type the name in the box at the top
of the Name area.
3. Click OK.
ument.

e program inserts the name directly into your doc-

Some math names, such as max and lim, can have limits. When a
math name is inline, the program places the limits to the right. When
the math name is displayed, the program places the limits above or
below.
To add limits to a math name
1. Enter the math name.

2. Use the Subscript or Superscript command to enter the limits.

In addition to using prede ned math names, you can create your
own multicharacter variable names for use in mathematics. e program can automatically recognize the math names you create if you
de ne them as automatic substitution sequences. If you designate a
math name as an operator, you can also designate the placement of its
limits, if any. With SWP and SNB, you can use math names in computations. For example, you can create the names Force, Mass, and
Acceleration, and assign a value to Mass and Acceleration.
en,
you can use the math names to write the equation
Force=MassAcceleration

and compute the value of Force. However, if you start mathematics

and enter the words Force, Mass, and Acceleration without having
rst de ned them as multicharacter variable names, the program considers each letter in each word to be a variable.
To create a math name
1. Choose Insert Math Objects Math Name.
dialog box appears.

e Math Name

2. Enter your unique math name in the text area at the top le .
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3. Choose the type of name to create.

4. Choose the kind of operator limit placement.
5. Choose whether to support auto-substitution.
6. Click Add.

e new math name is added to the list of choices.

If you click OK to dismiss the dialog box, the newly created math name
is added at the insertion point. If you click Cancel, it is not.

Entering Decorations and Labeled Expressions

You can add decorations including wide accents, bars, arrows, and
boxes above, below, and around expressions. Additionally, you can
add labels above and below expressions. When you enter a decoration or a label, the program creates a template with two parts: the
expression to be decorated or labeled and the decoration or label itself. Decorations are elastic; they expand to encompass the expression
they decorate. Labels are set in small type.
To enter a decoration or label
1. Choose Insert Math Objects and then choose Decoration.
Decorations dialog box appears.

2. Select the template for the decoration or label you want and
click OK.
e program inserts a template for the decoration or label you
selected.
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3. If you entered a decoration, complete the expression.

If you entered a label, enter both the expression and the label.
Press Tab to move between the two.
4. Press Spacebar or Right arrow to leave the expression.

To apply a decoration or label to an existing expression

Select the expression and enter the decoration or label.

Entering Horizontal Space in Mathematics

Because the program automatically provides appropriate spacing
for mathematics, you dont need to use the spacebar to type horizontal spaces in mathematics. In fact, by default the spacebar doesnt add
space when the insertion point is in mathematics. Occasionally, however, you may want to add extra space to an expression. Additionally,
you can enter positive and negative custom space, which the program
applies when you typeset your document. You can indicate places in
an expression where a break is appropriate, required, or prohibited.
To enter a horizontal space in mathematics

1. Choose Insert Spacing Objects and choose Horizontal Spaces.

e Horizontal Spaces dialog box appears.
2. In the Horizontal Spaces dialog box, select the space you want
and click OK.

Entering Units of Measure

In SWP and SNB, you can add units of measure for physical quantities to mathematical values. You can convert the values from one unit
of measure to another and perform computations on equations containing values that have units of measure. Also, you can enter compound unit names, such as (( )/(s )) or lb, by writing them as fractions or products. You can enter a unit of measure from the Unit Name
dialog box. You can also enter units using automatic substitution; a
number of units are prede ned.
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To enter units of measure

hour symbol h
meter symbol and its derivatives m

angstrom symbol A
Columb symbol C
Tesla symbol T
Liter symbol l
symbols for ohm and ist derivatives
degrees Celsius C
degrees Fahrenheit F
degree symbol (plane angle)
(degree) minute
(degree) second
pound-force lbf
pound-mass lb

Type
uhr
ume
uan
uCo
uTe
uli
uohm
ucel
ufahr
udeg
udmn
uds
ulbf
ulbm

Although you can enter units of measure by typing them as text

or by using symbols or characters available from the symbols palettes,
units entered in these ways have no computational value.

Note

To enter a unit of measure

1. Start mathematics and enter a value.

2. Enter the unit:

Type u followed by the symbol for the unit you want.
OR
Choose Insert Math Objects Unit Name...
dialog box appears.

e Unit Name

3. Select a measurement category and a unit, then click Insert.

unit is inserted.

Entering and Editing Mathematical Displays

By default, the program enters mathematics on the same line as
text, but you can create mathematical displays that appear centered on
a separate line. You can also change inline mathematics to displayed
mathematics, and vice versa.
Several View menu commands help you work with displayed mathematics. If you check Helper lines, the program displays a box outlining the display. If you check Input boxes, the program displays
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outlines for the template input boxes. ese outlines dont appear in
print when you typeset.
e program correctly formats displayed mathematics, but you may
want to add custom equation numbers or custom labels. A display can
have a key, or unique name, so that you can create automatic crossreferences or hypertext links to the display from elsewhere in your document.
To create a mathematical display

Choose Insert Math Objects and choose Display.

e program centers an input box for a display on a new line and
places the insertion point inside the display in an input box so you can
enter your mathematics.
To display inline mathematics

1. Select the mathematics to be displayed.

2. Create a display.
e program places the selection in a new display, formatting the
size and position of mathematical elements appropriately.

About Automatic Equation Numbers

SWP, SW, and SNB can automatically number the displayed equations in your document. By default, the program numbers displayed
equations, but you can change the default using the Document Format dialog box.
a2 + b2 = c2

(5.1)

Adding Custom Equation Numbers and Labels

Instead of numbering a display automatically, you can give the display a custom number or use text to label it. If automatic numbering
is turned on in SWP or SW, the custom numbers and labels you enter
replace the automatically generated numbers.
To add a custom number or label to a mathematical display

1. Right-click the automatic number for the display and choose

Equation Array Properties from the Properties submenu of the
context menu. e Display Properties dialog box appears.
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2. Enter information to de ne the customer number/label and click

OK. e number is changed to your entered values.

Entering Theorem Statements

e program creates theorems, corollaries, lemmas, axioms, and
other theorem-like statements with tags.
eorem tags arent available in all shells. If you need to include theorem statements in your
document, make sure the shell you use includes the tags you need.
If you have SWP or SW, you can number theorem statements automatically. When you typeset, the program automatically formats
and numbers any theorems and, if youve created keys for the theorems, creates any cross-references to them. e typesetting speci cations for most shells number theorems sequentially throughout a document and display cross-references as the number of the theorem.
Once youve created a theorem, you can add an explanatory label
for it.

Note
Not all shells support theorem tags.

To enter a theorem statement

1. Place the insertion point at the end of the paragraph that is to
precede the theorem statement and press Enter.

2. Apply the theorem tag you want.

e program indicates the tag by placing a corresponding word,
such as eorem or Corollary in a lead-in object at the beginning of a new paragraph.
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3. Type the statement of the theorem and press Enter.

To convert one or more existing paragraphs to a theorem statement
1. Select the paragraphs.

2. Apply the theorem tag you want.

3. If the selection included more than one paragraph, delete the
lead-in object at the start of each continuation paragraph to
avoid creating a series of separate theorem statements.

Using Fragments to Enter Mathematics

e program contains prede ned fragments for mathematical constants, expressions, and theorems. e instructions given for entering
text fragments in the previous chapter apply to entering/editing mathematical fragments. Fragments are shown on the sidebar.
When you import a mathematical fragment, the program pastes
its contents into your document at the insertion point, toggling between text and mathematics as necessary. You dont have to start mathematics rst.
To import a fragment
1. Place the insertion point where you want the fragment to appear.

2. On the Fragments pane, select the fragment you want and press
Enter, or drag the fragment to your document.
As with text, you can create any new mathematical fragments that
you need. When you create a fragment, the program saves it by default
with an extension of .frg in the fragments folder of your user pro le.
If you prefer, you can create subfolders for your fragments. If you save
fragments outside the pro le/fragments folder tree, they will not appear in the sidebar list. Any fragments that you save while working in
one document are available to all other documents.
To create a fragment containing mathematics
1. Ensure the Fragments pane is visible on an open sidebar.

2. In your document, select the information you want to save and

drag it to the sidebar. e Enter Fragment Name and Description dialog box appears.
3. Enter a name and description for the fragment and click OK.
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Chapter 5 | Working with Mathematics

Using Automatic Substitution to Enter Mathematics

You can enter mathematics quickly using automatic substitution.
When automatic substitution is turned on and the insertion point is in
mathematics the program replaces special sequences of letters or numbers that you enter with prede ned mathematical expressions.
Automatic substitution of mathematics works like automatic substitution for text. You activate it for mathematics just as you do for
text, using the Autosubstitution dialog box accessed via Tools Auto
Substitution. Using this dialog box, you can view the various prede ned mathematical auto substitution sequences. For more information on auto substitution in general, consult the previous chapter.

Information for Power Users

Hints and Suggestions
Use the spacebar to advance through an expression.

Shortcuts
e following table shows shortcuts and accelerators for commands
covered in this chapter.
Command
Shortcut
Toggle text/math

Ctrl+m or Ctrl+t

Enter fraction

Ctrl+/ or

Insert radical

Ctrl+r or

Insert superscript

Ctrl+h, Ctrl+ or

Insert subscript

Ctrl+l, Ctrl+ or

Insert display

Ctrl+d or

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Final Touches: Document

Production

Virgil is related to have poured out a great number of lines in the morning, and to have passed the day in reducing them to fewer.
Samuel Johnson (17091784), Dryden (Lives of the Poets)

cienti c WorkPlace (SWP), Scienti c Word (SW), and Scienti c

Notebook (SNB) oer dierent ways to produce printed documents. With SWP and SW, you have dierent ways to produce printed documents. With SWP and SW, you can typeset with
LATEX when you want to create formatted documents with automatically generated cross-references, citations, numbered elements, tables
of contents, and other document elements. When you dont need
typeset formatting or when youre using SNB, you can directly produce documents without TEX.
is chapter looks at various aspects of preparing a document for
nal production: adding index and bibliographic entries, spell-checking, making overall formatting adjustments, and the like. It also explains the important dierences between the two methods of document production and provides detailed information about using direct previewing and printing. Finally, the chapter shows you how to
prepare documents for use on the web.

Understanding Dierences in
Document Production
Readying a Document for
Production
Previewing and Printing a
Document
Creating Documents for the Web
Information for Power Users

Understanding Dierences in Document Production

Whether or not you typeset, you can create appealing documents
with SWP, SW, and SNB. Understanding the dierences in the document production methods will help you decide when to use each one.

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Chapter 6 | Final Touches: Document Production

About Typesetting
When you typeset your document, SWP or SW previews or prints
your document a er compiling it. (Typesetting isnt available in SNB.)
e compilation process invokes TEX to provide automatic hyphenation, kerning, ligatures, sophisticated paragraph and line breaking,
sophisticated mathematics layout, and other ne formatting features.
It also provides automatic generation or placement of document elements including tables of contents, lists of gures and tables, crossreferences, footnotes and margin notes, automatically numbered sections and equations, indexes, and bibliographies.
In Version 6, TEX typesetting yields a Portable Document Format,
or le that contains your typeset document embedded with all
necessary fonts and with graphics that have been converted. Note that
the previewed or printed appearance of your document depends on
speci cations initially set by the document shell. ese speci cations
have no eect on your document when you dont typeset it.
You can override options speci ed by the shell and set others using the Document Format dialog box accessed via the Typeset menu.
Information on doing so is given later in this chapter.

About Direct Production

When you use direct preview or direct print instead of typesetting,
the appearance of your document depends on speci cations in the .css
le, which are initially set by the document shell you choose. ese
speci cations have no eect on your document when you typeset it,
although they do control how the document appears on the Web. You
can modify the speci cations as needed using the CSS Editor accessed
via the Tag menu.
When you produce your document without typesetting it, the program sends the document to a previewer or to the printer using many
of the same routines with which it displays the document in the program window. at means that what you see in the preview window
or on paper is similar to what you see as you work on your document.
Because the program window doesnt re ect the page setup speci cations or the print options, you dont see page breaks, margins, headers, footers, or page numbers on the screen unless you use Print Preview.

Note

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Readying a Document for Production

Dierences in the Final Product

We emphasize that producing your document with and without
typesetting yields noticeably dierent results. While direct production yields a document similar in appearance to what you see in the
program window, typesetting your document usually yields an appearance much dierent.
If you have SWP or SW, we suggest you follow these general guidelines to choose how to produce your document:
When a nely typeset document appearance is a high priority,
typeset preview or typeset print the document with pdfLATEX
or XETEX.
When a nely typeset appearance and automatically generated
document elements arent a priority, when you need output
quickly, or when youre producing for Web viewing, use direct
print.

Readying a Document for Production

Once you understand the dierences between direct and typeset
production, you can begin getting a document ready for completion.
is includes adding items such as index entries and cross references,
preparing a bibliography, and adjusting the documents appearance.

Adding Typeset Objects

Version 6 gives you the tools to easily create indexes, cross-references,
and citations. Commands for creating all such entries are found on the
Insert menu.

Index Entries
Add index entries to a document using the Index Entry dialog box
accessed via Insert Typeset Objects.
If you wish to specify dierent item levels, you can use the Secondary and Tertiary index entry elds. For example, if the primary
entry is Files, the secondary entry might be Opening, and the tertiary
entry might be With Scienti c Workplace. is allows you to create
indexes that are organized and easier for a reader to search. For instance:
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Files
Opening
with Scienti c Workplace
with another program
Saving
To add an index entry
1. Move the insertion point to the location you wish to index.

2. Choose Insert Typeset Object Index Entry.

dialog box appears.

e Index Entry

3. Choose and enter the form for the Primary Index Entry and the
Secondary and Tertiary entries, if desired.
4. Specify the locator (page number or cross-reference) and the
style.
5. Click OK. e entry is created.
e appearance of the index itself is controlled by your document shell and by settings in the Document Format dialog under the Typeset menu. For instance, you can choose whether
to actually display an index and also whether to show entries in
your dra (working) document.

Cross-References
Cross-references are useful tools to point readers in the direction
of material elsewhere in a manuscript that has bearing upon the topic
immediately at hand. Cross-references in Version 6 are de ned based
on keys that you must previously de ne using the Insert Marker dialog
box.
To insert a cross-reference
1. Move to the location you want to reference. Access the Marker
dialog box, enter the desired key for the location, and click OK.

2. Move the insertion point to the location for your cross-reference.

Choose Insert Typeset Object Cross Reference.
e Cross
Reference dialog box appears.
3. Choose the previously de ned key from the Key drop-down
list.
4. Choose whether to use a page number or an object counter.
5. Click OK.

e cross-reference is established.

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Preparing a Bibliography
Bibliographies, or reference lists, usually appear at the end of a document.
e body of the document can contain citations, which are
cross-references to the individual items in the bibliography list. When
you typeset your document, the formatter automatically generates the
cross-references between the citations and the bibliography item to
which they refer.
e appearance of the bibliography and the citations depends on the typesetting speci cations for the shell. You can
create a bibliography manually or automatically using BTEX.

Creating Manual Bibliographies

A manual bibliography, which works just like a series of
cross-references, is convenient when the list of references is short and
you dont plan to use those references in other articles or books. You
must format entries yourself, a disadvantage if you later decide to
change the style of the bibliography to suit a dierent requirement.
For example, if you format the bibliography of an article for a journal
that requires book titles in italics, then later decide to submit the article to a dierent journal that requires those same titles in boldface,
you must make the format changes manually.
To establish a manual bibliography
1. Choose Typeset Bibliography Choice...
Choice dialog box appears.

e Bibliography

2. Choose Manual entry.

3. Click OK.
To create a list of bibliography items
1. Move the insertion point to the end of the line that is to precede
the bibliography and press enter.

2. In the paragraph tag menu, choose the tag bibitem.

e program displays a dialog box so that you can assign a key and an
optional label to the item.
3. Enter a unique key for the item.
You use this name when you create a citation for the bibliography item. Click the arrow next to the Key box to display a list
of keys already in use in your document, or press down arrow to
scroll through the list. e keys dont appear when you typeset
your document.
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4. If you want the item to appear in the list with a label instead of
the number automatically generated for the item, enter the label
in the Label box.
e label can include mathematics. If you include a label for a
list item, the program continues sequential numbering with the
next list item. e label can also be used to create author/date
citations.
5. Choose OK.
In the document window, the key for the item appears in the
lead-in box.
6. Type the bibliographic information for the item, using text tags
to format the information correctly.
In the document window, the information appears next to the
lead-in box.
7. If you want to create another bibliographic item, press enter and
repeat steps 36.
8. At the end of the bibliography, press enter to complete the last
item.
9. Choose Cancel and then apply the Remove Item Tag to complete the list.
To create a citation for a manually created bibliography item
1. Place the insertion point where you want the citation to appear.

2. Choose Insert Typeset Object Citation.

box appears.

e Citation dialog

3. Enter the key for the bibliographic item you want to cite.
Click the arrow next to the Key box to display a list of all keys
de ned for the document.
4. If you want to add a comment to the citation, enter it in the
Remark box.
Comments, which can contain both text and mathematics, appear only when you typeset preview or print your document.
ey dont appear in the document window.
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5. Choose OK.
e citation is displayed on the screen in a small box containing
the word Cite and the key you entered. When you typeset the document, the formatter creates the correct reference by replacing the key
with the number of the keyed bibliography item. If you also entered a
comment, it appears a er the number.
e typesetting speci cations for the shell determine the citation
appearance in print.

Creating Automatic Bibliographies

You can create an automatic bibliography with BTEX. A BTEX
bibliography is convenient if you have a long list of references that you
plan to use in other articles or books, because you dont have to create
the bibliography list yourself. BTEX generates the list automatically
by extracting references from a database using the citations you insert
into your document. BTEX bibliographies, which are ASCII les
that you create and edit with a standard text editor, can be used as often as you like in other documents. Also, you can change the appearance of a BTEX bibliography automatically by specifying a dierent bibliography style. Creating a BTEX bibliography involves these
steps:
Creating or obtaining a BTEX database.
Specifying a BTEX bibliography and bibliography style, and
inserting an instruction to include the bibliography.
Creating a series of citations in the body of your document.
Generating the bibliography.
When you typeset compile your document to generate a BTEX
bibliography, the program passes the document through BTEX which
generates the bibliography by extracting the cited references from the
database. e le is formatted according to the speci ed bibliography
style. e next time you typeset the document, the formatter includes
the bibliography le in the document, formatting the citations according to the typesetting speci cations.
Before you can create a BTEX bibliography for your document,
you must rst create or obtain a database of bibliographic items in
BTEX form.
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To establish an automatic bibliography
1. Choose Typeset Bibliography Choice...
dialog box appears.

e Bibliography Choice

2. Choose BibTeX.
3. Click OK.
To insert an instruction to include the bibliography
1. Move the insertion point to the end of the line that is to precede
the bibliography and press enter.

2. Choose Insert Typeset Object Bibliography to open the BibTeX Bibliography dialog box.
3. Select the BTEX database les containing your references.
You can select more than one database.
4. Select a BTEX style for formatting the references.
5. Choose OK.
e program inserts into your document a gray [BibTeX] box.
Creating a citation for a BTEX reference ensures that it will be
included in the bibliography list when you generate the bibliography.
You can also use the citation process to include a reference in the bibliography without citing it in the body of your document.
Specifying a BTEX bibliography changes the Citation dialog box
so that you can select citations from a BTEX database. If your database
of bibliography entries is very large, nding the reference you want to
cite can be time-consuming. You can narrow your search by specifying
search criteria, or key lters, for the database items, then choosing the
reference you want from among those that t the lters.
If you add the authordate1-4, chicago, or harvard package to your
document, you can create author/date citations for BTEX bibliographies.
To create a citation for an item in a BibTeX database
1. Place the insertion point in your document where you want the
citation to appear.

2. Choose Insert Typeset Object Citation.

box appears.

e Citation dialog

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3. If the selected database is the one you want and you know the
key for the database item you want to cite, enter it in the Key
box. Otherwise, select the key for the item directly from a BTEX
database:
a. Scroll the Database File list to select one of the databases
listed. If necessary, choose Select BibTeX Directory to
navigate to the directory containing your BTEX database.
b. Choose View Keys to display a Keys dialog box. e box
lists the keys for those items in the selected database that
satisfy the current search criteria.
c. Scroll the list to select the item you want.
If the item doesnt appear on the list, change the search
criteria.
d. If you want to view the full text of the item, choose View
Entry.
e program displays the item in a BibTeX Database Entry dialog box.
e. Choose Cancel to return to the list of keys.
4. When you have selected the item you want, choose OK to return to the BibTeX Citation dialog box.
5. If you want to add a text comment to the citation, enter it in the
Remark box.
Comments appear only when you typeset, not in the document
window.
6. If you want the reference to be uncitedthat is, you want it
to appear in the bibliography without a corresponding citation
in your documentcheck the box labeled Bibliography Entry
Only - No Citation.
7. Choose OK to return to your document.
e program inserts a citation for the item whose key you selected.
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Adding a TEX Field

If you are pro cient with TEX, you can insert a TEX eld wherever
you like to achieve certain special eects. For instance, the drop capital
letters used in this document were created with objects that reference
the lettrine package.
To add a TEX eld

1. Choose Insert Typeset Object Tex Field.

Contents dialog box appears.

2. Enter a name for the eld, if desired.

locate elds for reuse.

e Tex Button

is can make it easier to

3. Specify whether it uses a speci c package and any options for

that package.
4. Enter the code for the eld.
5. Click OK.

e TEX eld is inserted.

e following illustration shows the dialog box as lled out for

the dropped-capital eld.
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Adjusting a Documents Appearance

Although much of a documents appearance is established by the
document shell, you have certain choices available to you for either
supplementing or overriding the shell defaults. You can choose to specify TEX options and add packages to give you additional formatting capabilities. You can also use the Document Format dialog box to override default options and set preferences for how a document appears.
In Version 6, virtually all of the ways to set a documents appearance
outside of shell choice are controlled with the Document Format dialog box.

Using Options and Packages

To specify shell and package options, and to call for the use of desired packages, use the Options and Packages dialog box accessed via
the Typeset menu.
To modify document class options

1. Choose Typeset Options and Packages...

Packages dialog box appears.
2. On the Class Options tab, click Modify.
alog box appears.

e Options and

e Class Options di-

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3. Click a category on the le to see the options available for that

category. Click an option on the le to select the option you
want for that category. In the dialog shown above, the 10pt.
option has been selected for the body font point size.
4. Click OK on the Class Options dialog.
5. Click OK on the Options and Packages dialog. Your choice is
put into eect.
To modify package options
1. Choose Typeset Options and Packages.
ages dialog box appears.

e Options and Pack-

2. Click the Package Options tab.

3. Click to set a package in use.

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4. Click Modify Packages to access the Modify packages dialog

box. Make desired changes and click OK.
5. Click OK on the Options and Packages dialog box to put changes
into eect.
To add a package
1. Choose Typeset Options and Packages.
ages dialog box appears.

e Options and Pack-

2. Click the Package Options tab.

3. Click Add Package...

e Add Package dialog box appears.

4. Click in the list to choose the package to add.

5. Click OK.
6. If desired, select package options for the package you just added.
7. Click OK on the Options and Packages dialog box.

Setting the Document Format

Version 6 has centralized almost all of a documents appearance
options in the Document Format dialog box. Using this dialog, you
may:
Specify font choices for speci c contexts
Control the appearance of front-and backmatter items.
Set the document margins, page size, and other page layout items
Set the appearance of headers and footers
Choose footnotes or endnotes
Turn section numbering on and o and specify the style of numbering to use
Set the number of columns
and much more.
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To set document formatting
1. Choose Typeset Document Format.
dialog box appears.

e Document Format

2. When the dialog box rst appears, options on the rst three tabs
are likely to be grayed out. To specify that you want to be able
to change them, click the relevant override checkbox at the top
of the tab.
3. If you wish to use OpenType fonts or Unicode for a variety of
languages, click the XELATEX option.
4.

ere are tabs for general settings, page layout, fonts, and sections. Make your desired choices for each tab.

5. Click OK to put your choices into eect.

Your changes will appear in the typeset version of the document.

Note

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Previewing and Printing a Document

Previewing and Printing a Document

e previous notes about typeset vs. direct production apply to
printing.

Direct Preview and Print

You can preview and print without typesetting in SWP, SW, and
SNB. e program previews or prints your document according to the
style, print options, and page setup speci cations in eect for the document, and the page orientation and paper size speci cations in eect
for the default printer.
When you preview or print without typesetting, you can set options to turn on or o certain items such as helper lines and invisibles.
You can also print using the zoom factor in eect for the program window or using a dierent zoom factor that you set, which can be useful when creating presentation materials. If you have a color printer,
you can enable the color printing of lines, text, and backgrounds. e
print options available are controlled from the Print Options tab in
the Document Info dialog box on the File menu. Remember that these
options dont aect typesetting in any way.
To preview and print a document without typesetting
1. Choose File Print Preview Direct print preview. e document window changes to the direct print preview mode.

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2. You may change page setup and page orientation options if desired.
3. To print the previewed document, click the Print button. e
Print dialog box appropriate to your printer appears, from which
you may specify further options and begin the printing process.

Typeset Preview and Print

With Version 6, obtaining a typeset preview is easy. You need only
click the Preview tab at the bottom of the document window. If
you have edited your document since the last such preview, your document is compiled and a new .pdf le is generated. You may directly
print this .pdf if you wish.
To print a typeset document
1. Choose File Print Print... Your document is compiled
and the display changes to the Preview.

e printer and disk icons at the top le of the display

(above Bookmarks) allow you to print and save the .pdf le outside of the program.

Tip

2. Click the printer icon at the upper le corner of the display

to access the print dialog box. From here you may specify print
options and send the job to the printer.

Creating Documents for the Web

You can produce documents for use online as well as in print. With
Version 6, the variety of formats available for online use makes it easy
to share your documents across platforms, installations, and systems,
on a network or on the Web.
When you create information for use online rather than in print,
the information doesnt have to be contained in a single linear document. Instead, from any place in your information, you can include
hypertext links, or jumps, that point readers to key ideas, related topics, and supplementary material located inside or outside your document.

Creating Hypertext Links

You can create hypertext links to information located in the same
document, in other SWP, SW, and SNB documents on the current
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system or network, or in documents on the Web. Hypertext links have

two parts: the link and the target. e link creates a pointer to a target
and de nes how that pointer appears in your document. By default,
text for hypertext links appears in the document window in color and
in print as ordinary text.
e target can be a le, including les on the Web, or an object
in a lesuch as a gure, a section, or equation in SWP, SW, or SNB
documentsto which youve assigned an identifying key or marker.
Speci cally, you can create links from your document to
A marker elsewhere in the current document.
A dierent document located on your computer or network,
or a marker in that document.
Any URL location or le on the Web.
e link speci es the address of the target. e form of the address
diers depending on the target itself and following the model used in
standard Web browsers.
When you want to link to a place within the current document,
you must rst establish a marker to which to link.
To add a marker for a future hyperlink
1. Click to move the insertion point to the place where youd like
to be able to link.

2. Choose Insert Marker...

e Insert Marker dialog box appears.

3. Provide a unique name for the link.

4. Click OK.

e marker is added at the insertion point.

Markers may be used for hyperlink and for cross-reference destinations

To create a hyperlink to a marked location
1. Click to place the insertion point where you want the link to
appear.

2. Choose Insert Hyperlink.

e Hypelink dialog box appears.

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3. Enter text to display for the link, if desired.

4. Select the marker to which to link from the Marker or anchor
pop-up list.
5. Click OK.
Using the Link Location eld, you can specify an external web
page to which to link. Clicking Choose File... allows you to specify
a location in an external le.

Exporting Web Documents

Exporting your SWP, SW, or SNB documents as web les provides a way for others to view your documents on a variety of platforms via the Internet. e Web export feature in Version 6 provides a
fast way to create accurate versions of your SWP, SW, or SNB
documents. e les can be viewed with recent versions of the most
popular browsers, provided they display MML (if your document
contains mathematics). Several export formats are available.
When you export documents as les, the program uses default formats for graphics used to represent mathematics, plots, and
graphics. Also by default, the lter exports any graphics contained
in your document as PNG les, saving them to a subdirectory of the
folder containing the le.
When you export to , the program automatically creates ALT
text for each graphic in your document. By default, the ALT text is the
full path name of the graphic.
Because les are designed for use online instead of in print,
the lter doesnt create those document elements that are automatically generated when you typeset your document.
ose elements, which include indexes, tables of contents, section and equation numbers, and internal cross-references, dont appear in the

Note
The program no longer saves mathematics as
graphics. html5-compliant browsers will
display math, as will Firefox or Internet
Explorer with the Math Player plug-in
installed.

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Information for Power Users

le you export. e lter completes any cross-references in the

document with the key for the cross-reference target instead of the automatically generated number for the target.
To export a document as an HTML le
1. With the document open, choose File Export to Web...
Export to Web dialog box appears.

2. Enter a name for the le.

3. Choose whether the le should be saved as a compressed le or
as a set of uncompressed les in a directory.
4. Click OK.

e le is exported.

Information for Power Users

Hints and Suggestions
As you write, pay attention to items that you might want to refer to
either with index entries or cross references. Its easier to put markers
in as you write than it is to go back later.
Keep a list of the important terms and concepts in your document.
Such a project vocabulary is a useful tool later on when youre building an index.
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Be sure and check out your print preview documents thoroughly,

particularly for pagination. is can save you time, trouble, and paper.
You can set your preferred default method (direct, .pdf ) for previewing and printing. Use the drop-down icon on the toolbar next to
the button for either command. Choose Select Default and then your
preferred method.

Shortcuts
e following shows shortcuts and accelerators for the commands
and capabilities covered in this chapter.
Command
Shortcut
Print (default method)

Ctrl+p or Alt f p or

Preview
Document Format

Alt p d

Insert marker
Insert cross reference
Insert citation
Insert hyperlink
Insert index entry
Insert TEX eld

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Shortcut Reference

A complete list of all the shortcuts documented in the book is included here.

Document Creation Shortcuts

Command

Shortcut

Save

Ctrl+s or Alt f s or

New Document

Ctrl+n or Alt f n or

Open Document

Ctrl+o or Alt f o or

uit program

Ctrl+q or Alt f q

Close Document

Alt f c

Save As

Alt f a

Revert

Alt f v

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Appendix A | Shortcut Reference

Document Editing Shortcuts

Command

Shortcut

Undo

Ctrl+z or Alt e u

Redo

Ctrl+y or Alt e r

Select All

Ctrl+a or Alt e a

Cut

Ctrl+x or Alt e t

Copy

Ctrl+c or Alt e c

Paste

Ctrl+v or Alt e p

Bold text
Italic text

Math Editing Shortcuts

Command

Shortcut

Toggle text/math

Ctrl+m or Alt i m

Enter fraction

Ctrl+/ or

Insert radical

Ctrl+r or

Insert superscript

Ctrl+h, Ctrl+ or

Insert subscript

Ctrl+l, Ctrl+ ?or

Insert display

Ctrl+d or

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Document Production

Document Production Shortcuts

Command

Shortcut

Print (default method)

Ctrl+p or Alt f p or

Preview
Document Format

Alt p d

Insert marker
Insert cross reference
Insert citation
Insert hyperlink
Insert index entry
Insert TEX object

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Index

A
About
on Help menu, 35
accents
as decorations, 78
Actions menu, 37
adding white space, 11
addresses for hypertext links, 101
Advanced
on Tag menu, 31
alignment
matrix columns, 76
paragraphs, 53
tables, 63
allowbreak, 25
arrays, see matrices
arrow keys, 6, 65
arrows
as decorations, 78
from Symbol pane, 69
Automatic Substitution
on Tools menu, 33
automatic substitution, 5, 33, 57,
84
mathematics, 84
text, 57

axioms, 82
B
Babel, 10, 55
backmatter, 97
bars
as decorations, 78
bibliography, 89
automatic, 92
BTEX, 32, 92
manual, 32, 89
paragraph tag, 53
Bibliography Choice
on Typeset menu, 32
binomials, 72
blackboard bold, 59, 70
body math, 68
body tags, 53
applying, 53
body math, 68
bold, 59
on Editing toolbar, 36
boxes
as decorations, 78
brackets, 75
Breaks

on Insert menu, 25
breaks, 25
allowbreak, 25
line, 25, 86
paragraphs, 86
bullet lists
paragraph tag, 61
C
calligraphic, 59, 70
cells
column width, 24
deleting, 63
formatting, in table, 24
in matrix, 71
moving between, 63
characters
non-Roman, 55
Check Spelling
on Edit menu, 23
on Editing toolbar, 36
citations, see bibliography
class options, 95
Clean Up
on File menu, 18
Close
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Index

in dialog boxes, 11
on File menu, 18
on symbol panes, 37
columns, 32, 97
in matrices, 76
in tables, 63, 65
commands
with keyboard, 11
with mouse, 11
compile
description, 100
PDF command, 100
computation
commands, 34
defaults, preferences, 33
MuPAD, 8
Compute menu, 34
Contents
on Help menu, 35
conventions, 10
mouse, 11
Copy
on Edit menu, 22
on Editing toolbar, 36
copying, 22
corollaries, 82
Count Words
on the Edit menu, 23
creating
documents, 41
mathematics, 67
cross-references, 86, 88
CSS Editor
on Tag menu, 31
customizing
automatic substitution, 58
breaks, 25
defaults, 33
Cut
on Edit menu, 22

on Editing toolbar, 36
D
decorations, 78
default settings, 33
Delete
on Edit menu, 22
dialog boxes, 11
dictionaries, see spell checking
Direct Print command, 99
direct printing, 86
display modes, 37
displays, 80
division tags, 53, 60
on Standard toolbar, 36
Document Format
on Typeset menu, 32
Document Info
dialog box, 42
on File menu, 20
print options, 99
save options, 21
documents
closing, 18
copying, 47
creating, 15, 41
export as LATEX, 46
format, 97
formatting, 32
new, 41
open, 16
opening, 44
opening existing, 44
opening one created with
earlier so ware version, 45
portability, 4
print, 20
production, 85
save, 18
saving, 42

shells, 40
title, 42
DOM Inspector
on Tools menu, 33
E
Edit menu, 21
editing documents, 51
Editing toolbar, 36
emphasis, 59
on Text Tag menu, 59
entering mathematics, 67
automatic substitution, 76
body math tag, 68
changing text to math, 70
characters and symbols, 71
fragments, 83
math objects, 27
Math/Text toggle, 68
entering text, 54
characters and symbols, 54
fragments, 56
section headings, 60
tables, 63
equations, 79
numbering, 81
exit command, see uit
expanding operators, 71
brackets, 75
fractions, 72
matrices, 75
radicals, 72
Export TeX
on File menu, 17
to the web, 46
Export to Web
on File menu, 18
Extensions
on Tools menu, 33

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Index
F
features
existing users, 2
new users, 9
File menu, 15
Find
on Edit menu, 23
Find Again
on Edit menu, 23
Find and Replace
on Editing toolbar, 36
Find Previous
on Edit menu, 23
fonts
improved, 6
non-Roman, 40
scalable, 6
size, 31
text tags, 53
Footnote
on Insert menu, 27
Footnotes
on View menu, 29
footnotes, see notes
forced breaks (line, page), 25
fractions, 72
button, 36
generalized, 69
fragments, 56, 83
creating
mathematics, 83
text, 57
deleting, 57
fraktur, 70
Frame
on Insert menu, 25
frames, 25, 64
inserting, 64
front matter tags
on Standard toolbar, 36

Function Keys
on Tag menu, 31
function keys
assignments, 60
changing assignments, 31
functions, see math names
G
Go menu, 30
graphics, 24
Greek characters, 69
on Symbols palette, 54
H
hard breaks, see forced breaks
headers, 97
headings, 61
Help menu, 35
Helper Lines
on View menu, 29
horizontal space, 26, 79
HTML
on Insert menu, 28
Hyperlink
on Insert menu, 28
hyperlinks, 28, 100
target, 27
hyphen
discretionary, 56
I
Image
on Insert menu, 24
image, 24, 63
import
image, 24
TeX, 45
TEX, 17
Import TeX
on File menu, 17
Index

on Help menu, 35
Index Entries
on View menu, 29
indexing, 87
cross-references, 88
Input Boxes
on View menu, 29
Insert menu, 24
insertion point
and Math/Text toggle, 52
in tables, 63
moving, 53
integral
on Insert menu, 74
on Math toolbar, 36
Invisibles
on View menu, 29
italics
on Editing toolbar, 36
on Text tag menu, 53
item tags
bullet item, 61
numbered item, 61
J
JavaScript debugger
on Tools menu, 32
K
kerning, 86
keyboard conventions, 11
shortcuts, 48, 55, 66, 84,
105107
L
labels
for equations, 81
for images, 64
in mathematics, 78
Legendre symbol, 72
lemmas, see division tags, 82
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Index

License Information
on Help menu, 35
ligatures, 86
limits, 69, 73, 74
Line
on Insert menu, 24
line breaks, 25
lines, 24, 62
links, see hyperlinks
lists, 61
of gures, 86
of tables, 86
M
MacKichan So ware Website
on Help menu, 35
macros, see automatic
substitution
margin notes, see notes
margins, 97
Marker
on Editing toolbar, 104
on Insert menu, 27
Markers
on View menu, 30
markers, 27, 30
Math
on Insert menu, 27
on Standard toolbar, 36
Math command
description, 68
math defaults
behavior, 68
math names, 76
Math Objects
on Insert menu, 27
math objects, 27, 71
on Math toolbar, 36
math symbols, see symbols
Math toolbar, 36

Math vs. Text, 68

Math/Text
default, 52
on Standard toolbar, 36
toggle, 52
mathematical displays
creating, 81
numbering, 81
mathematics
and fragments, 83
and text, 68
creating a paragraph, 68
displayed, 69
editing/entering, 67
formatting, 70
inline, 69
math/text toggle, 68
natural notation, 2
properties, 22
symbols, 37
tagging, 70
Mathematics Markup Language
(MathML), 102
matrices, 75
context menu, 76
editing, 76
entering, 76
Matrix
on Math toolbar, 36
measurement
units, 80
menus
commands, 14
conventions, 10
descriptions, 15, 21, 24, 28,
3032, 34, 35
dialog boxes, 15
miscellaneous symbols, see
Symbols palette
modes

toggling between text and

math, 52
mouse conventions, 11
moving
cutting and pasting, 22
documents, 4
to a marker, 30
with toolbar buttons, 36
multiline limits, 75
MuPAD commands
on Compute menu, 34
N
navigation, see moving
quick, 65
nested lists, 62
New Document
on File menu, 15
on Standard toolbar, 36
Normal Edit Mode
on View menu, 28
Note
on Insert menu, 27
notes, 64
footnotes, etc., 27
inserting, 65
numbered equations, 81
numbered lists, 61
entering, 61, 62, 79
O
online documents, 100
export defaults, 102
HTML les, 102
hyperlinks in, creating, 101
markers, 101
online help, see Help menu, 35
Open File
on File menu, 16
on Standard toolbar, 36

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Index

opening documents, see

documents
Operator
entering, 73
on Insert menu, 73
with limits, 74, 75
operators, 73
Options and Packages
on Typeset menu, 32
using, 95
Other Notes
on View menu, 29
output choices, see Preview
command
P
packages, 95
page
breaks, 25
formatting, 95
numbers, 86
Page Setup, 100
on File menu, 19
paragraph
Go To command, 30
tags, 53
paragraph or list tags
on Standard toolbar, 36
Paste
on Edit menu, 22
on Editing toolbar, 36
Paste Without Formatting
on Edit menu, 22
PDF les, 86
creating, 100
hyperlinks, 100
print
on File menu, 19
typeset preview, 100
Polyglossia, 10, 55

portability across platforms, 2

Preamble
on Typeset menu, 32
preface, 53
Preferences
on Applications menu
(Macintosh), 33
on Tools menu, 33
Preview
on File menu, 19
on Standard toolbar, 36
on View menu, 28
Preview command
direct print, 86, 99
typeset PDF, 100
Print
on File menu, 20
on Standard toolbar, 36
Print command, see Direct Print
command
printing
direct, 99
options, 19
typeset PDF, 100
program
compatibility, 2
defaults, 48
customizing, 33
Math/Text, 52
preferences, 33
setting, 48
window, 13
description, 3
display options, 37
Properties
on Edit menu, 22
properties
changing, 22
punctuation
special, 55

uit
on Application menu
(Macintosh), 21
on File menu, 21
R
Radical
on Insert menu, 72
on Math toolbar, 36
radicals, 72
Recent Files
on File menu, 18
Redo
on Edit menu, 22
on Editing toolbar, 36
references, see bibliography
Register
on Help menu, 35
registering the program, 35
remove section tag, 53
replace, see Find and Replace
Revert
on File menu, 19
REVTEX, 7
rows
adding horizontal space, in
matrix, 75
adding to matrix, 76
in tables, 63
S
Save
on File menu, 18
on Standard toolbar, 36
Save As
on File menu, 19
Save Copy As
on File menu, 19
saving options
automatic setting, 48
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Index

new document, 18, 42

Search
on Help menu, 35
search, see Find and Replace
section
headings, 60
tags, 53
Select All
on Edit menu, 23
send, see Export TeX
shells, 9
choosing, 40
overriding defaults, 95
standard document, 41
shortcuts, see keyboard
conventions
Sidebars
on View menu, 29
use, 37
size options, see zoom
so ware requirements, 10
space, 26
button, 36
Spacing Objects
on Insert menu, 26
spell checking, 6, 23
appearance, 23
on Editing toolbar, 36
square roots, see radicals
standard document shell, 41
Standard toolbar, 36
status bar, 37
structure or environment tags
on Standard toolbar, 36
Style
editing, 21
on File menu, 21
subscripts, superscripts, 73
substitution, see automatic
substitution

symbols
entering and editing, 54
math, 69
shortcuts, 54
toolbar buttons, 36
Symbols palette, 37
System Features
on Help menu, 35
T
Table
on Insert menu, 24
table of contents, 53, 86
Tables, 63
editing, 63
tables, 24
Tag menu, 31
tag properties
determined by document style,
40
tags
and mathematics, 68
and text, 53
applying, 53
technical support, 35
templates, see Math toolbar
TEX
import, 17
in preamble, 32
seamless, 3
TeX elds, 94
TeX File
on View menu, 29
TeX Log
on View menu, 28
Text
on Insert menu, 27
on Standard toolbar, 36
text
automatic substitution, 57

emphasizing, 59
fragments, 56
tagging, 53
text tag, 59
(normal), 59
text tags
on Standard toolbar, 36
Text vs. Math, 52
emes
on Tools menu, 33
theorem statements, 82
title page, 53
To Marker
on Go menu, 30
To Paragraph
on Go menu, 30
Toolbars
on View menu, 29
toolbars, 36
Tools menu, 32
troubleshooting, see technical
support
Typeset menu, 32
Typeset Object
on Insert menu, 27
typeset objects
inserting, 87
typesetting, 86
preferences, 33
U
Undo
on Edit menu, 21
on Editing toolbar, 36
Unit Name command, 79
units of measure, 79
user preferences, 33
V
vectors, 75
vertical space, 26

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Index

View menu, 28

word count, 23

W
web documents
creating, 102
website, MacKichan, 35
Window menu, 34

X
XML Source
on View menu, 28
XML Tags
on View menu, 28

Z
Zoom
on View menu, 30
zoom, 30

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