ELECTRONIC ROULETTE KIT

MODEL AK-300

Instruction & Assembly Manual

Elenco Electronics, Inc.

Copyright 2005, 1997 by Elenco Electronics, Inc. All rights reserved.

Revised 2005

REV-D

No part of this book shall be reproduced by any means; electronic, photocopying, or otherwise without written permission from the publisher.

753031

PARTS LIST
If you are a student, and any parts are missing or damaged, please see instructor or bookstore.
If you purchased this roulette kit from a distributor, catalog, etc., please contact Elenco Electronics
(address/phone/e-mail is at the back of this manual) for additional assistance, if needed. DO NOT contact your
place of purchase as they will not be able to help you.

RESISTORS
Qty.
1
4
1
5
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Symbol
R22
R1 - R4
R19
R5 - R9
R15, R16
R13
R17
R11, R20
R24
R14
R10
R23
R12
R18
R21

Value
1k 5% 1/4W
1.2k 5% 1/4W
1.5k 5% 1/4W
10k 5% 1/4W
20k 5% 1/4W
47k 5% 1/4W
56k 5% 1/4W
100k 5% 1/4W
270k 5% 1/4W
330k 5% 1/4W
820k 5% 1/4W
1.8M 5% 1/4W
2.2M 5% 1/4W
3.3M 5% 1/4W
4.7M 5% 1/4W

Color Code
brown-black-red-gold
brown-red-red-gold
brown-green-red-gold
brown-black-orange-gold
red-black-orange-gold
yellow-violet-orange-gold
green-blue-orange-gold
brown-black-yellow-gold
red-violet-yellow-gold
orange-orange-yellow-gold
gray-red-yellow-gold
brown-gray-green-gold
red-red-green-gold
orange-orange-green-gold
yellow-violet-green-gold

Part #
141000
141200
141500
151000
152000
154700
155600
161000
162700
163300
168200
171800
172200
173300
174700

CAPACITORS
Qty.
1
1
1
1
2
2

Symbol
C4
C2
C1
C5
C3, C6
C7, C8

Value
.001F
.0033F
.02F or .022F
.47F
1F
100F

Description
Discap (102)
Mylar (332)
Discap (203 or 223)
Electrolytic (Lytic)
Electrolytic (Lytic)
Electrolytic (Lytic)

Part #
231036
233317
242010
254747
261047
281044

SEMICONDUCTORS
Qty.
2
3
7
2
2
1
36
2

Symbol
D41, D43
D39, D40, D42
Q1 - Q4, Q7 - Q9
Q5, Q6
U1, U3
U2
D1 - D36
D37, D38

Qty.
1
1
1
1
4
3
8
3

Symbol

Description
Diode
Diode
Transistor
Transistor
Integrated Circuit
Integrated Circuit
LED Red
LED Green

Value
1N4001
1N4148
2N3904
2N3906
4017
4069

Part #
314001
314148
323904
323906
334017
334069
350002
350010

MISCELLANEOUS

S1
BT
BZ1

Description
PC Board
Push Button Switch
Battery Holder 9V
Buzzer Piezoelectric
Plastic Spacer
Screw 2-56 x 5/16
Screw 4-40 x 1/4 Black
Nut 2-56 Hex

Part #
517100
540101
590096
595201
624010
641231
641433
644201

Qty.
4
3
1
2
1
1
1
1

Symbol

U2
U1, U3

Description
Flat Washer Black
Flat Washer White
14-pin Socket
16-pin Socket
Paper Clip
4 Wire 22ga. Black Solid
40 Wire 22ga. Bare
Solder Tube

**** SAVE THE BOX THAT THIS KIT CAME IN. IT WILL BE USED ON PAGE 10. ****
-1-

Part #
645404
645600
664014
664016
680018
814120
845000
9ST4A

IDENTIFYING RESISTOR VALUES

Use the following information as a guide in properly identifying the value of resistors.

BAND 1
1st Digit
Color
Black
Brown
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Violet
Gray
White

Multiplier

BAND 2
2nd Digit

Digit
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Color
Black
Brown
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Violet
Gray
White

Resistance
Tolerance

Color
Multiplier
Black
1
Brown
10
Red
100
Orange
1,000
Yellow
10,000
Green
100,000
Blue
1,000,000
Silver
0.01
Gold
0.1

Digit
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Color
Silver
Gold
Brown
Red
Orange
Green
Blue
Violet

Tolerance
+10%
+5%
+1%
+2%
+3%
+.5%
+.25%
+.1%

BANDS
1

Multiplier

Tolerance

IDENTIFYING CAPACITOR VALUES

Capacitors will be identified by their capacitance value in pF (picofarads), nF (nanofarads), or F (microfarads). Most
capacitors will have their actual value printed on them. Some capacitors may have their value printed in the following
manner. The maximum operating voltage may also be printed on the capacitor.
Multiplier

For the No.

Multiply By

10

100

1k

10k 100k .01

9
0.1

Note: The letter R may be used at times

to signify a decimal point; as in 3R3 = 3.3

10F 16V

First Digit
Second Digit
Multiplier

103K

Tolerance

100V

The letter M indicates a tolerance of +20%

The letter K indicates a tolerance of +10%
The letter J indicates a tolerance of +5%

Maximum Working Voltage

The value is 10 x 1,000 = 10,000pF or .01F 100V

METRIC UNITS AND CONVERSIONS

Abbreviation
p
n

k
M

Means
Pico
nano
micro
milli
unit
kilo
mega

Multiply Unit By
.000000000001
.000000001
.000001
.001
1
1,000
1,000,000

1. 1,000 pico units = 1 nano unit

Or
10-12
10-9
10-6
10-3
100
103
106

2. 1,000 nano units = 1 micro unit

3. 1,000 micro units= 1 milli unit
4. 1,000 milli units = 1 unit
5. 1,000 units

= 1 kilo unit

6. 1,000 kilo units = 1 mega unit

-2-

INTRODUCTION
the lit LED when movement stops is the winning
number. During movement, the sound of a bouncing
ball is generated. If the switch is not pressed again,
the circuits will automatically turn off, to conserve the
battery power. A constant tone will alert you to check
your number before automatic shut down.

Electronic Roulette (roo-let) replaces the ivory ball

with a circuit of flashing light emitting diodes (LEDs).
Red LEDs are arranged in a circle next to a black or
red number and two green LEDs are positioned next
to 0 and 00. When the switch is pushed, the LEDs
light one after another, in a sequence that represents
the movement of the ivory ball. The number next to

THEORY OF OPERATION
THE BLOCK DIAGRAM

THE TIMER

The function of many of the circuits will be presented

in the form of an analogy (similar operation, but
easier-to-understand system). In this manner, the
operation of a circuit can be explained without the
use of mathematics and equations.
Figure 1 shows a Block Diagram of the Electronic
Roulette circuits. The Timer circuit is used to turn all
the other circuits on and off. The Pulse Generator
makes pulses that create the sound and force the
ring counter to move the position of the lit LED. The
Sound Circuit generates the sound of a bouncing
ivory ball, and a warning tone a few seconds before
power down. The Ring Counter lights each LED in a
circular sequence. The LEDs represent the position
of the ivory ball.

When S1, the start button, is pushed, capacitor C7

(Figure 2, Schematic Diagram) is charged to the
battery voltage. This is similar to flipping the Timer
Glass shown in Figure 2a to produce the condition
shown in Figure 2b. Just as the sand runs down
holding the lever arm up (Figure 2b), the charges in
th capacitor C7 forces transistors Q6, Q8, and Q9 on.
As long as the lever arm is up in Figure 2b, the other
circuits are powered through the contact C1 on
switch X1. At first, due to the weight of the sand
(similar to capacitor C7 being fully charged), the
contact C2 will open and remain open. Right before
the sand totally runs out (capacitor C7 has lost most
of its charge), the contact C2 will close, as shown in
Figure 2c, and sound an alarm to warn you that the
contact C1 is about to open and turn all the power
off, including the power to the warning circuit.
Eventually all the sand runs out of the Timer Glass
(capacitor C7 has discharged) and the power is
turned off (Figure 2a). To make the timer stay on
longer, you could get a bigger Timer Glass (larger
capacitor for C7) that holds more sand and replace
the smaller one.

Ring
Counter
Timer

LEDs

Pulse
Generator
Sound
Circuit

Figure 1
C1

C2

C1
C2

Power for all circuits

Battery
Warning Circuit
Switch X1

C1

C
Figure 2

Q6
2N3906

Power for
All Circuits

Switch X1

Sand

Schematic Diagram

Power for all circuits

Battery
Warning Circuit

Sand
C2

9V
Battery
BT1

C8
100F

Switch X1

-3-

R22
1k

C3
1F

R21
4.7M

To Warning
Circuit

Power for all circuits

Battery
Warning Circuit

S1

Q9
2N3904
C7
100F

R23
1.8M

Q8
2N3904

THE PULSE GENERATOR

D41. Each time the sand changes buckets, a pulse
is sent to the Ring Counter and to the Sound Circuit.
When the bucket is empty, the spring returns it to the
filling position shown in Figure 3a. The sand going
into the bucket will flow slower as the Timer Glass
in Figure 2 runs out of sand. It will take longer and
longer to fill the bucket as the sand runs out. This
produces more space between the pulses sent to the
ring counter and has the effect of slowing down the
rotation of the lights, similar to the ivory ball slowing
down on a roulette wheel.

Assume that part of the sand from the Timer Glass in

Figure 2 is poured into a bucket as shown in Figure 3a.
When the bucket has enough sand, it will flip and
dump as shown in Figure 3b. Each time it flips, it
closes switch X2, sending the battery voltage to the
Ring Counter and it strikes the Drum producing a
sound. The bucket in Figures 3a & 3b represents
capacitor C6 in the schematic diagram on page 12.
Capacitor C6 charges (charging = filling the bucket
with sand) through resistor R20 and discharges
(dumping the sand) through resistor R19 and diode

A
Drum for sound

Sand

Spring

Bucket
X2
Battery
Drum for sound

Electrical Poles 0 Volts

To Ring Counter

Spring
Bucket

Sand
X2
Battery

Battery Voltage

Figure 3 Pulse Generator

-4-

To Ring Counter

THE SOUND CIRCUIT

In the sound generator circuit, a 500Hz oscillator is

always running. This oscillator is represented by the
spinning wheel in Figure 4a. No sound is heard
because the spinning wheel is not hitting the drum.
When the bucket in Figure 3 dumps sand, the lever
arm pushes the spinning wheel against the stop and
the small balls on the spinning wheel hit the drum,
producing a high frequency sound (Figure 4b). The
lever arm turns the sound on and represents
transistor Q7 in Figure 4c. When the lever arm is
removed, the spring pulls the spinning wheel away
from the drum and the sound stops. In much the
same way, transistor Q7 turns off shortly after a pulse
is received. This action stops electrical current from
flowing through the piezoelectric buzzer (drum),
eliminating the sound. Just before power down,
transistor Q7 is turned on and kept on to produce the
warning sound.

Drum

Spinning Wheel

Bucket Lever Arm

Stop

Spring

Drum

Spinning Wheel

Bucket Lever Arm

Stop

Piezoelectric
Buzzer

In its simplest form, the ring counter can be

compared to a circle of buckets with only one bucket
filled with sand as shown in Figure 5a. Because of
the weight of the sand, the filled bucket hangs lower
than all of the rest. When a pulse is received from
the pulse generator circuit, it pushes the sand to the
next bucket as shown in Figure 5b. This process
continues passing the sand from bucket to bucket in
a circle, until no more pulses are received from the
pulse generator.

500Hz Oscillator

Spring

THE RING COUNTER

From Pulse
Generator

R14
330k

C2
.0033F

U2D
8

BZ1

10

11
4069

R12
2.2M

From Ring
Counter

D2
1N4148
R16
20k
C5
.47F

U2E
9

4069

R11
100k

R134
47k

Q7
2N3904

Turns Sound On

R17
56k

Figure 4
Sound Circuit

Ring of Buckets
Light Off

A
Bucket filled with
sand hangs lower
than all of the rest.

Power

Light On

Power

Pulse moves sand

to the next bucket.

Pulse Plate
Moves up when pushed.

Figure 5

Empty Bucket

Bucket with
Sand

Figure 6

THE LEDs
as shown in Figure 6. This would light the next light
in the circle and produce the effect of a ball spinning
around the roulette wheel. As the pulses get further
and further apart, the electronic ball will appear to
slow down and eventually stop.

The Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are no more than

small electronic lights. If they are arranged in a circle
and connected to a ring counter, they can be used to
represent the ivory ball position on the roulette
wheel. When the buckets filled with sand stretch out
the springs in Figure 5, they could also close a switch

-5-

CONSTRUCTION
Introduction
The most important factor in assembling your AK-300 Electronic Roulette Kit is good soldering techniques.
Using the proper soldering iron is of prime importance. A small pencil type soldering iron of 25 - 40 watts is
recommended. The tip of the iron must be kept clean at all times and well tinned.

Safety Procedures
Wear eye protection when soldering.
Locate soldering iron in an area where you do not have to go around it or reach over it.
Do not hold solder in your mouth. Solder contains lead and is a toxic substance. Wash your hands
thoroughly after handling solder.
Be sure that there is adequate ventilation present.

Assemble Components
In all of the following assembly steps, the components must be installed on the top side of the PC board unless
otherwise indicated. The top legend shows where each component goes. The leads pass through the
corresponding holes in the board and are soldered on the foil side.
Use only rosin core solder of 63/37 alloy.
DO NOT USE ACID CORE SOLDER!

What Good Soldering Looks Like

Types of Poor Soldering Connections

A good solder connection should be bright, shiny,

smooth, and uniformly flowed over all surfaces.
1.

Solder all components from

the copper foil side only.
Push the soldering iron tip
against both the lead and
the circuit board foil.

1. Insufficient heat - the

solder will not flow onto the
lead as shown.

Soldering Iron
Component Lead
Foil

Soldering iron positioned

incorrectly.

Circuit Board

2.

3.

4.

Apply a small amount of

solder to the iron tip. This
allows the heat to leave the
iron and onto the foil.
Immediately apply solder to
the opposite side of the
connection, away from the
iron.
Allow the heated
component and the circuit
foil to melt the solder.
Allow the solder to flow
around the connection.
Then, remove the solder
and the iron and let the
The
connection cool.
solder should have flowed
smoothly and not lump
around the wire lead.

Rosin

2. Insufficient solder - let the

solder flow over the
connection until it is
covered. Use just enough
the
solder
to
cover
connection.

Soldering Iron
Solder
Foil

Solder

Gap
Component Lead

Solder

3. Excessive solder - could

make connections that you
did not intend to between
adjacent foil areas or
terminals.

Soldering Iron

Solder

Foil

4. Solder bridges - occur

when solder runs between
circuit paths and creates a
short circuit. This is usually
caused by using too much
solder.
To correct this,
simply drag your soldering
iron across the solder
bridge as shown.

Here is what a good solder

connection looks like.

-6-

Soldering Iron

Foil

Drag

ASSEMBLE COMPONENTS TO THE PC BOARD

Identify and install the following parts as shown. After soldering each part, place a check
in the box provided.
Space the LEDs with a paper clip (use size shown below) so that they are 1/4 off of the PC board.

U1 - 16-pin Socket
U1 - 4017 Integrated Circuit
(see Figure B)
R1
R2
R3
R4

- 1.2k 5% 1/4W Resistor

- 1.2k 5% 1/4W Resistor
- 1.2k 5% 1/4W Resistor
- 1.2k 5% 1/4W Resistor
(brown-red-red-gold)

Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4

Note: Install the

jumper wires first.

1/4

LED Spacer (Actual Size)

Install jumper wires J1 J40
using bare wire.
J1 J40 - Jumper Wires
(see Figure G)

2N3904 Transistor
2N3904 Transistor
2N3904 Transistor
2N3904 Transistor
(see Figure C)

R5 - 10k 5% 1/4W Resistor

R6 - 10k 5% 1/4W Resistor
R7 - 10k 5% 1/4W Resistor
R8 - 10k 5% 1/4W Resistor
(brown-black-orange-gold)
Q5 - 2N3906 Transistor
(see Figure C)
U3 - 16-pin Socket
U3 - 4017 Integrated Circuit
(see Figure B)
C4 - .001F (102) Capacitor
C5 - .47F Electrolytic
(see Figure D)
R10 - 820k 5% 1/4W Resistor
(gray-red-yellow-gold)
R11 - 100k 5% 1/4W Resistor
(brown-black-yellow-gold)
D38 - LED Green
(see Figure A)
Q7 - 2N3904 Transistor
(see Figure C)
R16 - 20k 5% 1/4W Resistor
(red-black-orange-gold)
C6 - 1F Electrolytic
(see Figure D)
C7 - 100F Electrolytic
C8 - 100F Electrolytic
(see Figure D)

Figure A

Figure B

Figure C

Mount the LED onto the PC board

with the flat side of the LED in the
same direction as marked on the
PC board. Space the LEDs with a
paper clip. Make sure that it is 1/4.

Mount the IC socket onto the PC board

with the notch in the same direction as
marked on the PC board. Then, mount
the IC onto the socket with the notches
in the same direction.

Mount the transistor with the

flat side in the same direction
as marked on the PC board.

IC

1/4
Flat

Socket
PC Board

-7-

Notch

Flat

.35
max.

ASSEMBLE COMPONENTS TO THE PC BOARD

Identify and install the following parts as shown. After soldering each part, place a check
in the box provided.
Space the LEDs with a paper clip (use size shown below) so that they are 1/4 off of the PC board.

C1 - .02F or .022F
(203 or 223) Discap
1/4

R12 - 2.2M 5% 1/4W Resistor

(red-red-green-gold)

LED Spacer (Actual Size)

R9 - 10k 5% 1/4W Resistor

(brown-black-orange-gold)
R13 - 47k 5% 1/4W Resistor
(yellow-violet-orange-gold)
R14 - 330k 5% 1/4W Resistor
(orange-orange-yellow-gold)
D37 - LED Green
(see Figure A)
C2 - .0033F (332) Mylar Cap.
(see Figure F)
D40 - 1N4148 Diode
(see Figure E)
C3 - 1F Electrolytic
(see Figure D)
U2 - 14-pin Socket
U2 - 4069 Integrated Circuit
(see Figure B)
D39 - 1N4148 Diode
(see Figure E)
D41 - 1N4001 Diode
(see Figure E)
R19 - 1.5k 5% 1/4W Resistor
(brown-green-red-gold)
R23 - 1.8M 5% 1/4W Resistor
(brown-gray-green-gold)
R20 - 100k 5% 1/4W Resistor
(brown-black-yellow-gold)
R22 - 1k 5% 1/4W Resistor
(brown-black-red-gold)

Figure D

Figure E

Figure F

Electrolytic capacitors have polarity. Be

sure to mount them with the negative ()
lead (marked on the side) in the correct
hole. Bend the capacitor 90O as shown
below.

Mount the diode with the band

in the same direction as marked
on the PC board.

Mount the mylar capacitor at a 45O angle to the

PC board with 0.35 maximum height as shown
below.

Polarity Marking

Band

D43 - 1N4001 Diode

(see Figure E)

Figure G
Use the bare wire supplied to form a jumper wire.
Bend the wire to the correct length and mount it to
the PC board.

.35
max.

PC Board Marking

-8-

ASSEMBLE COMPONENTS TO THE PC BOARD

Identify and install the following parts as shown. After soldering each part, place a check
1/4

LED Spacer (Actual Size)

D1 D36 - LED Red (be sure to note

the flat side when installing).
(see Figure A)

in the box provided.

R15 - 20k 5% 1/4W Resistor

(red-black-orange-gold)
R17 - 56k 5% 1/4W Resistor
(green-blue-orange-gold)
D42 - 1N4148 Diode
(see Figure E)
R24 - 270k 5% 1/4W Resistor
(red-violet-yellow-gold)
R18 - 3.3M 5% 1/4W Resistor
(orange-orange-green-gold)
R21 - 4.7M 5% 1/4W Resistor
(yellow-violet-green-gold)
Q9 - 2N3904 Transistor
(see Figure C)
Q8 - 2N3904 Transistor
(see Figure C)
Q6 - 2N3906 Transistor
(see Figure C)
S1 - Switch
BT - Battery Holder
BZ1 - Buzzer
3 Screw 2-56 x 5/16
3 Nut 2-56 Hex
3 Flat Washer White
4 Wire 22 ga.
(see Figure H)

Flat Washer

Figure H

1 Wire

2-56 Hex Nut

1 1/2 Wire
+BZ1

PC Board
Legend Side

BZ1
Buzzer

5/8 Wire
+BT

Scotch Tape

BT
Buzzer

5/8 Wire

Battery Holder

2-56 x 5/16
Screw

1.

2.
-9-

Mount the battery holder and

buzzer to the PC board as
shown (1). Note: Use a piece of
Scotch Tape on the brass part
only to hold the buzzer in place.
Solder a 5/8 wire from the
positive (+) battery holder lead
to the +BT point on the PC
board (2). Solder a 5/8 wire
from the negative () battery
holder lead to the BT point on
the PC board. Solder a 1 wire
from the outer edge of the
buzzer to BZ1. Solder a 1 1/2
wire from the inner circle of the
buzzer to +BZ1. Note: Do not
let the flat washers touch the
silver part of the buzzer of let the
solder from the wire from the
outer edge touch the silver part.

COMPONENT CHECK
Make sure that all components have been
mounted in their correct places.

with their flat sides in the same direction as

marked on the PC board.

Make sure that the LEDs have been installed

correctly. The flat side of the LEDs should be in
the same direction as shown on the top legend.

Are capacitors C5 - C8 installed correctly? These

capacitors have polarity. Be sure that the negative
lead is in the correct hole.

Make sure that diodes D39 - D43 have not been

installed backwards. The band on the diodes
should be in the same direction as shown on the
PC board.

Make sure that the ICs are installed correctly. The

notch should be in the same direction as shown
on the top legend of the PC board.
Put a 9V alkaline battery into the battery holder
and push the switch.

Make sure that transistors Q1 - Q9 are installed

TROUBLESHOOTING
3. Solder should flow into a smooth puddle rather
than a round ball. Resolder any connection that
has formed into a ball.

One of the most frequently occurring problems is

poor solder connections.
1. Tug slightly on all parts to make sure that they are
indeed soldered.

4. Have any solder bridges formed? A solder bridge

may occur if you accidentally touch an adjacent
foil by using too much solder or by dragging the
soldering iron across adjacent foils. Break the
bridge with your soldering iron.

2. All solder connections should be shiny. Resolder

any that are not.

FINAL ASSEMBLY
Mount the four plastic spacers onto the four
corners of the PC board from the foil side with four
4-40 x 1/4 black screws (see Figure I).

and mount the PC board with four 4-40 x 1/4

screws and four black washers (see Figure K).
Cut the strip off of the box as shown.

Punch out and save the chips from the box as

shown in Figure J. Slide the PC board into the box

Tape the box lid shut (see Figure L) and youre

ready to go!
4-40 x 1/4
Black Screws
and Black
Washers

Plastic Spacer

Legend Side of
PC Board

4-40 x 1/4
Black Screw

Figure I

4-40 x 1/4
Black Screws
and Black
Washers

Tape
Cut

Figure K

Figure J
-10-

Figure L

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
CHART A
Strategies

Explanation

CHART B
Payoff

A) Single Straight Chips on a number from 1-36

including 0 and 00.

36 times

B) Split

Chips on two numbers vertically

or horizontally next to one another.

18 times

C) Street

Chips on three numbers

horizontally in one line.

12 times

D) Corner

Chips on four numbers vertically

and horizontally next to one another.

9 times

E) Line

Chips on six numbers in two

horizontal lines next to one another.

6 times

F) Column

Chips on twelve numbers in one

vertical line.

3 times

G) 1ST Dozen
2ND Dozen
3RD Dozen

Chips on twelve numbers in

1ST twelve, 2ND twelve, or
3RD twelve.

H) Low or High

Chips on eighteen numbers either

from 1 to 18 or from 19 to 36.

3 times
2 times

I) Red or Black

Chips on Red or Black

Betting on all numbers
which are red or black.

2 times

J) Odd or Even

Chips on Odd or Even

Betting on all numbers which
are either odd or even.

2 times

Chip Values
Gold
Green
Red
White

$100
$25
$5
$1

If the LED stops at 0 or 00 (green LEDs), only

the players who have wagered directly on these
numbers win with a return of 35 times. Players who
have wagered on individual numbers do not lose on
0 or 00. They may take back their wager or leave it
for the next game at full value.

PROBABILITY
approximately 97.37%. If you win, the house pays
you 36 times your wager. Multiplying your chance of
winning times your payback shows the advantage for
the house. In this case, the number is 94.74% which
means the house has a 5.26% advantage over the
players wagering on a single number.

If among (F+U) equi-probable and mutually exclusive

events, F is regarded as favorable and U as
unfavorable, then for a single event, the probability of
a favorable outcome is: F
F+U
The probability of an unfavorable outcome is 1 minus
the probability of a favorable outcome. In other
words, since there is the same chance that any
number may win on any spin (mutually exclusive
events), the chances of winning equals the number
of winning numbers divided by the total number of
possible numbers. Roulette has 38 possible
numbers that may win. Therefore, F+U is always
equal to 38. If you wager on a single number, the
chances of winning are 1 divided by 38, or

If a wager is placed on black or red, the probability of

winning is 18 divided by 38 because the number of
black numbers and the number of red numbers is 18.
The probability of a favorable outcome is one color is
wagered equals 47.4%. The payout if you win is 2 to
1. This yields an advantage for the house of 1 (0.474 x 2) or approximately 5.26%. As you can see,
the house always has a 5.3% advantage.

-11-

RULES FOR PLAYING ROULETTE

After all wagers have been placed, the start button is
pressed by the Croupier and the lit LED that
represents the ivory ball races around the circle
adding excitement and anticipation to the game. The
number next to the lit LED, when the motion stops, is
the winning number. All wagers are paid by the
Croupier according to the rates of return listed in
Chart A.

The object of the game is to increase the value of

your chips more than any other player. Chips with
gold centers are worth $100.00, green centers =
$25.00, red centers = $5.00, and white centers are
worth $1.00. Each player starts with 1 green, 2 red,
and 5 white chips ($40.00). All the rest of the unused
chips belong to the house. Determine how long the
roulette table will be open, one hour for example.
One person must act as the Croupier (kroopya).
The Croupier is the attendant who collects and pays
the stakes using the houses money. Since there is
no way to predict the outcome of each spin, the
Croupier may also be a player. It is possible for a
person to play roulette alone and try to beat the
house by increasing his total chip value.

The game ends when the house runs out of chips or

the predetermined time period expires. To prevent a
person from doubling his wager until he wins, a
maximum limit of $100 should be placed on each
wager. When a player loses all of their chips, they
may borrow from other players at whatever interest
rate that player demands. At no time may a player
borrow more than $40.00. Once a player owes
$40.00 and has lost all of their chips, they are
bankrupt and can no longer place wagers. A
bankrupt player may assume the position of Croupier
and earn $1.00 from the house for every 10 spins to
remain in the game. A Croupier who is not bankrupt
is paid no salary by the house.

The very first action in roulette is to place your wager

on the gaming table. The types of bets and their
rates of return are listed in Chart A. The method for
placing a wager is shown in Chart B. Placing wagers
starts when the Croupier announces Place your
Wagers!. All wagers must be in place when the
Croupier announces No more wagers!.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

-12-

WORD GLOSSARY
Capacitor

An electrical component that can

store electrical pressure (voltage)
for periods of time.

Resistor

Component used to control the

flow of electricity in a circuit. It is
made of carbon.

Cold Solder Joint

Occurs because insufficient heat

was applied or the connection
was moved before the solder had
set. Connection looks crystalline,
crumbly, or dull.

Rosin Core Solder

The most common type of solder

used in electronics generally
referred to as 63/37 rosin core
solder.

Solder
Flux

A substance that is used to

cleanse the surface of oxide
before it is soldered. Always
used in electronics work. Most of
the solder used in electronics has
flux built right into it.

A tin/lead alloy that melts at a

very low temperature, used to
join other metals together. It
produces excellent electrical
connections.

Solder Bridge

An unwanted solder connection

between two points that are close
together.

Solder Melting Point

The temperature at which a

tin/lead alloy (solder) melts. The
common
solder
used
in
electronics (63% tin / 37% lead)
has a melting point of 370OF.

Solder Wick

Braided wire coated with flux to

effectively remove solder from a
connection.

Soldering

The process of joining two or

more metals by applying solder to
them.

Tack Soldering

A connection where the lead or

wire does not have any
mechanical support.

Tinning the Tip

A process of coating the

soldering iron tip with solder to
minimize the formation of oxide
on the tip, which would reduce
the amount of heat transfer.

Transistor

An electronic device that uses a

small amount of current to control
a large amount of current.

Wire Gauge

Refers to the size of the wire. The

bigger the number, the smaller
the diameter of the wire.
18 gauge to 24 gauge is
generally used for hook-up in
electronics.

Heat Sinking

A process of keeping the

component
from
becoming
overheated during soldering. Any
metal object that can be clamped
to the component lead will work
as an effective heat sink. An
alligator clip or pliers work well.

Integrated Circuit (IC) A type of circuit in which

transistors, diodes, resistors, and
capacitors are all constructed on
a semiconductor base.
Jumper Wire

LED

A wire that is connected from one

place to another on a PC board,
thereby making a connection
between two pads.
Common abbreviation for light
emitting diode.

Light Emitting Diode A diode made from gallium

arsenide that has a turn-on
energy so high that light is
generated when current flows
through it.
Oxidation

Polarity

Most metals, when exposed to

air, form an oxide on their surface
which prevents solder from
adhering to the metal.
The division of two opposing
forces or properties.

Printed Circuit Board A board used for mounting

electrical components.
Components are connected
using metal traces printed on
the board instead of wires.

-13-

EDUCATION KITS
Complete with PC Board and Instruction Book
Space War Gun
K-10

0-15V Power Supply

K-11

Strobe Light
K-12A

Rapid fire or single shot with 2

flashing LEDs.

A low-cost way to supply voltage

to electronic games, etc.
0-15VDC @ 300mA.

Produces a bright flash via

xenon flash tube. The flashing
rate is adjustable.
Requires 3
AA batteries

Christmas Tree
K-14
Produces flashing
LEDs and three
Christmas melodies.

colored
popular

Electronic Cricket
K-16
Your friends will go crazy trying
to find it.
Requires
9V battery

Requires
9V battery

Requires 9V battery

LED Robot Blinker

K-17

Digital Bird
K-19

Nerve Tester
K-20

Yap Box
K-22A

Burglar Alarm
K-23

Youll have fun displaying the PC

board robot. Learn about freerunning oscillators.

You probably have never heard

a bird sing this way before.

Test your ability to remain calm.

Indicates failure by a lit LED or
mild shock.

This kit is a hit at parties. Makes

6 exciting sounds.

Alarm for your car, house, room,

or closet.

Requires
9V battery

Requires
9V battery

Requires
9V battery

Requires Requires
9V battery 9V battery

Requires 9V battery

Whooper Alarm
K-24

Metal Detector
K-26

Pocket Dice
K-28

FM Microphone
AK-710/K-30

Telephone Bug
K-35

Can be used as a sounder or

siren.

Find new money and old

treasure. Get started in this
fascinating hobby.

To be used with any game of

chance.

Learn about microphones, audio

amplifiers, and RF oscillators.
Range up to 100 feet.

Our bug is only the size of a

quarter, yet transmits both sides
of a telephone conversation to
any FM radio.

Requires 2
AA batteries

Requires 9V battery

Requires
9V battery

Requires
9V battery

Training course incl.

No batteries
required!

Sound Activated Switch

K-36

Decision Maker
K-43

Lie Detector
K-44

Stereo Amplifier
K-45

Stereo Pre-amplifier
K-46

Clap and the light comes on . . .

clap again and it goes off.

Need help in making up your

mind? The Decision Maker will
do it for you.

The sound will tell if you are

lying. The more you lie, the
louder the
sound gets.

Boost your sound by 12 watts.

Use on CD players, tuners,
computers, etc. Attractive case
included.

Boost your speaker sound with

this stereo pre-amp kit. Case
included.

Requires
9V battery

Requires
9V battery

Requires 9V battery

Wireless A/V Sender

K-47

Photo Sensor
K-48

Mosquito Repellent
K-49

Touch Sensor
K-50

Motion Detector
AK-510

Transmit audio/video signals

over the air to a receiving TV. Its
like having your own mini
broadcasting station.

This photo sensor kit uses light

to control the relay on or off.
Use on appliances up to 300
watts.

Keep those hungry little female

mosquitoes away with this kit.

Touch the sensor to control the

relay on or off. Use on
appliances up to 300 watts.

Use as a sentry, message

minder, burglar alarm, or a room
detector.

Requires
9V battery

Requires 2
AA batteries

Requires
9V battery

Strobe Light
AK-520

Two IC AM Radio
AM-780K

Transistor Tester
DT-100K

Produces a bright flash via

xenon flash tube. The flashing
rate is adjustable.
Case included.

New design - easy-to-build,

complete radio on a single PC
board. Requires 9V battery.

Test in-circuit transistors and

diodes.

Requires 4
C batteries

Requires
9V battery

-14-

Requires
9V battery

Telephone Line Analyzer Variable Power Supply

TWT-1K
XP-720K
A telephone line analyzer kit that
tests active phone lines with RJ-11
or RJ-45 modular jacks.

Three fully regulated supplies:

1.5-15V @ 1A, 1.5 to 15V @
1A or (3-30V @ 1A) and 5V @ 3A.

QUIZ
1. In electronics, a capacitor is a . . .
A. - counter.
B. - generator.
C. - light emitting device.
D. - storage device.

6. The house advantage for a four number wager in

electronic roulette is . . .
A. - 5.26%.
B. - 11%.
C. - 89.5%.
D. - 21%.

2. The Timer Circuit is used to . . .

A. - turn power on.
B. - keep track of time.
C. - turn power off.
D. - make pulses.

7. In the sound circuit, the 500 hertz oscillator is . . .

A. - a warning.
B. - turned on by pulses.
C. - turned on by counter.
D. - always running.

3. The Ring Counter is triggered by . . .

A. - the pulse generator.
B. - the timer.
C. - LEDs.
D. - the sound circuit.

8. The slowing down motion is due to . . .

A. - the ring counter.
B. - the timer.
C. - pulses being further apart.
D. - the probability changing.

4. LED means . . .
A. - light emitting device.
B. - light emitting diode.
C. - long electronic delay.
D. - light electric diode.
5. The probability of winning a wager placed on four
numbers in electronic roulette is . . .
A. - 21%.
B. - 89%.
C. - 11.11111%.
D. - 10.5263%.

9. The sound is turned on by . . .

A. - LEDs.
B. - the pulse generator.
C. - the timer.
D. - the 500 hertz oscillator.
10. An analogy is . . .
A. - an electronic device.
B. - a similar system.
C. - a diagram.
D. - a drawing.

Elenco Electronics, Inc.

150 Carpenter Avenue
Wheeling, IL 60090
(847) 541-3800
Web site: www.elenco.com
e-mail: elenco@elenco.com

Answers: 1. D; 2. C; 3. A; 4.B; 5. D; 6. A; 7. D; 8. C; 9. B; 10. B