E-BOOK

ON
MINING SECTOR

CONTENTS
Nos.

Details

Pages

1.0

Introduction

01-01

2.0

Structure of Minerals and Mining Sector

02-03

3.0

Role of Mining Sector in Indian Economy

03-06

4.0

Legislative Framework for Mining Sector

06-12

5.0

Initiatives/New Development for Mining Sector

12-17

6.0

Mineral Administration

17-18

7.0

Mineral Regulation

18-19

8.0

Taxation and Royalties

19-21

9.0

Present Status of Exploration with Mineral Assets

21-30

10.0

Distribution of Mining Leases in the Country

30-32

11.0

Mineral Production

32-36

12.0

Consumption of Minerals and Mineral Based Industries

36-39

13.0

Foreign Trades

39-41

ANNEXURES
Nos.

Details

Pages

Production of Selected Minerals, 2010-11 to 2014-15 (E)

42

II

Mineral wise no. of Reporting Mines for MCDR Minerals, 2009-10 to

44

2013-14 (P)
III (A)

State wise Average Daily Employment, 2011-12 to 2013-14 (P)

46

III (B)

Mineral wise Average Daily Employment, 2011-12 to 2013-14 (P)

47

IV (A)

Contribution and Rank of India in World Production of Principal Minerals

49

& Metals, 2013

IV (B)

Degree of Self Sufficiency in Principal Minerals & Metals, 2013-14 (P)

50

Mineral wise reserves/resources as on 1.4.2010/*2013

51

VI (A)

State wise Summary of Mining Lease distribution as on 31.3.2014

55

VI (B)

Mineral wise Summary of Mining Lease distribution as on 31.3.2014

56

VII

Mineral wise production & Value, 2009-10 to 2013-14 (P)

58

VIII

Consumption of Important Minerals, 2011-12 to 2013-14 (P)

59

IX (A)

Exports of Ores & Minerals, 2010-11 to 2014-15 (P)

60

IX (B)

Exports of Metals & Alloys, 2010-11 to 2014-15 (P)

62

X (A)

Imports of Ores & Minerals, 2010-11 to 2014-15 (P)

63

X (B)

Imports of Metals & Alloys, 2010-11 to 2014-15 (P)

66

1.0

INTRODUCTION
It is a well known ecological fact that the best known forests, river and ocean basins, and fertile

landscapes are also rich below ground with natural resources such as fossil oils and minerals. Mining of
underground natural resources do require giving up the rights and usufruct benefits of surface based
natural resources. Added to this is the fact that the history of the world has seen a continual modification
and mortification of the landscape of the earth both above and underground for anthropocentric purposes;
and most of such land conversions are irreversible.
India has a total geographical area of about 328 million hectares. Of this, the mining lease (except
than fuel, atomic and minor minerals) area as on 31.3.2014, constitutes around 0.14 percent. The Indian
sub-soils are rich in onshore and off shore crude oils and gas, coal, iron ore, copper, bauxite, etc. Of all
variety of land use categories, the common lands consisting of forest lands, pasture lands, and current
fallow and cultural waste lands dominate.
Minerals are valuable natural resources that are finite and non-renewable. They constitute the
vital raw materials for many basic industries and are a major resource for development. The history of
mineral extraction in India dates back to the days of the Harappan civilization. The wide availability of
minerals in the form of abundant rich reserves and the eco-geological conditions make it very conducive
for the growth and development of the mining sector in India. As a major resource for development the
extraction and management of minerals has to be integrated into the overall strategy of the countrys
economic development. The exploitation of minerals has to be guided by long-term national goals and
perspectives. Thus, minerals play a key role in the evolution of human society and the development of
leading economics.
Mining sector, being one of the core sector of economy, provides basic raw materials to many
important industries like power generation (thermal), iron and steel, cement, petroleum and natural gas,
petro-chemicals, fertilisers, precious & semi-precious metals/stones, electrical & electronics equipment,
glass and ceramics etc. India produces as many as 88 minerals which includes 4 fuels minerals, 3 atomic
minerals, 26 metallic & non-metallic minerals and 55 minor minerals (including building and other
materials). There will be huge demand for minerals in view of the rapid urbanization and growth in the
manufacturing sector in India. India occupies a dominant position in the production of many minerals
across the globe.

2.0

STRUCTURE OF MINERALS AND MINING SECTOR

The Ministry of Mines (MoM), Government of India is responsible for the entire minerals and

mining sector in the country that includes legislation, administration, policy formulation etc. in respect of
all mines and minerals other than coal and lignite, natural gas and petroleum, but including offshore
minerals. In the case of atomic minerals and coal activities of the Ministry are limited to regional
exploration. In India, the minerals are classified as minor minerals and major minerals. The power to
frame policy and legislation relating to minor minerals is entirely delegated to the State Governments
while policy and legislation relating to the major minerals is dealt by the MoM. The Ministry is
responsible for the administration of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957
and rules made there under in respect of all mines and minerals other than coal, natural gas and
petroleum. MoM through its attached office, Geological Survey of India (GSI), facilitates exploration,
geological mapping and mineral resource assessment in the country. Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM), a
subordinate office of the MoM is mainly responsible for regulation of mining in the country. The Ministry
also administers the Offshore Areas Mineral (Development and Regulation) Act, 2002 and rules made
there under. Mineral concessions in India are granted to Indian nationals or entities incorporated in India
only.
2.1

Subjects allocated to Ministry of Mines

(a) Legislation for regulation of mines and development of minerals within the territory of India,
including mines and minerals underlying the ocean within the territorial waters or the continental shelf, or
the exclusive economic zone and other maritime zones of India as may be specified, from time to time by
or under any law made by Parliament.
(b) Regulation of mines and development of minerals other than coal, lignite and sand for stowing and
any other mineral declared as prescribed substances for the purpose of the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 (33
of 1962) under the control of the Union as declared by law, including questions concerning regulation and
development of minerals in various States and the matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
(c) All other metals and minerals not specifically allotted to any other Ministry / Department, such as
aluminium, zinc, copper, gold, diamonds, lead and nickel.
(d) Planning, development and control of, and assistance to, all industries dealt with by the Ministry.
(e) Administration and management of Geological Survey of India.
(f) Administration and management of Indian Bureau of Mines.
(g) Metallurgical Grade silicon
4

2.2

Attached Office / Subordinate Office:

Geological Survey of India (Headquarters at Kolkata) is an attached office and

Indian Bureau of Mines (Headquarters at Nagpur) is a subordinate office of the Ministry.

2.3

Public Sector Undertakings:

There are three Public Sector Undertakings under the Ministry of Mines, namely:

National Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO), Bhubaneswar

Hindustan Copper Limited (HCL), Kolkata

Mineral Exploration Corporation Limited (MECL), Nagpur

2.4

Autonomous Bodies
There are three Research Institutions which are Autonomous Bodies of this Ministry:

3.0

Jawaharlal Nehru Aluminium Research Development and Design Centre (JNARDDC), Nagpur;

National Institute of Rock Mechanics (NIRM), Kolar Gold Fields, Karnataka, and

National Institute of Miners Health (NIMH), Nagpur.

ROLE OF MINING SECTOR IN INDIAN ECONOMY
Mining is one of the core sectors that drive growth in an economy. Not only does it contribute to

GDP, it also acts as a catalyst for the growth of other core industries like power, steel, cement, etc.,
which, in turn, are critical for the overall development of the economy. Thus, mining sector is playing a
critical role in the economic development, attracting investment and generating employment in the
country.
Mining sector provides basic raw materials to many important industries like (thermal) power
generation, iron and steel, cement, petroleum and natural gas, petro-chemicals, fertilisers, precious and
semiprecious metals and stones, electrical and electronic equipments, glass and ceramics etc. It accounts
for 18% (9.4% share in exports of ores and minerals and 8.8% share in export of metals & alloys) in
export earnings of the country.
Indian economy GDP grew by 7.3% in 2014-15 and is expected to grow at higher rate in the
coming year. Mining sector contributed about 2.85% of the GVA (at current prices) in 2013-14 and
2.39% in 2014-15 as per the new series data released by CSO. The average daily employment in mines
5

(excluding atomic and minor minerals) is estimated at 5.31 lakhs during 2013-14. In respect of minerals
covered under MCDR, the average daily employment is 1.31 lakhs and that for iron ore it is 0.38 lakhs.
Amongst the minerals covered under MCDR, iron ore is the top contributor in the GVA of
mining and quarrying sector, followed by chromite, limestone etc. Amongst the minerals covered under
MCDR, the major mineral rich states are Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Jharkhand etc.
India has exported ore & minerals and metal & alloys during 2014-15(p) for Rs.1,78,077 Crores
and Rs.1,67,120 Crores, respectively. During same period, India has also imported ore & minerals and
metal & alloys during 2014-15(p) for Rs. 10,71,689 Crores and Rs. 4,01,259 Crores, respectively.

Total Value of Export & Imports

Item

(In Rs. Crore )

Imports

Exports

Ores & Minerals

Metals & Alloys

2012-13(R)
160101
140614

2013-14(P)
194783
153156

2014-15(P)
178077
167120

2012-13(R)
1100800
446566

2013-14(P)
1215827
321356

2014-15(P)
1071689
401259

Source: DGCIS, Kolkata; R: Revised; P: Provisional

3.1

Index of Mineral Production

Based on the overall trend so far the index of mineral production (base 2004-05) for the year

2014-15 is estimated to be 127.7 as compared to 124.7 for 2013-14 showing a positive growth of 2.4%.
3.2

Value of Mineral Production

The total value of mineral production (excluding atomic minerals) during 2014-15 has been

estimated at Rs. 2,67,637 crore, which shows a decrease of about 3.78% over that of the previous year.
During 2014-15, estimated value for fuel minerals account for Rs. 1,71,014 crore or 63.90%, metallic
minerals, Rs. 36,773 crore or 13.74% of the total value, non-metallic minerals, Rs. 52,490 crore or
19.61% of the total value and minor minerals, Rs. 7,360 crore or 2.75% of the total value.
The value of production of selected minerals other than atomic mineral during 2010-11 to 201415 (E) is given in Annexure I.
3.3

Gross Domestic Product from Mining & Quarrying Sector

The GVA accrued from mining and quarrying sector at current prices for 2014-15 is provisionally

estimated at Rs. 2,75,812 crore. Contribution of mining and quarrying (at current prices) in total GVA
was 2.39% during 2014-15. Contribution of mining and quarrying (at current prices) in total GVA during
2011-12 to 2014-15 is given below

Contribution of Mining & Quarrying (at Current Prices) in total GVA

S. N.
1
2
3

Parameter
GVA (All Sector)
GVA (Mining & Quarrying*)
% Share of Mining &
Quarrying in GVA

2011-12(NS)
8195546
262813
3.21

(In Rs. crore)

2012-13(NS) 2013-14(NS) 2014-15(PE)
9252051
10477140
11550240
284771
298544
275812
3.08
2.85
2.39

(NS): New Series, (PE): Provisional Estimate; Source: CSO

3.4

Mining (Reporting Mines)

Indian mining industry is characterized by a large number of small operational mines. Reporting

mine is defined as A mine reporting production or reporting nil production during a year but engaged
in developmental work, such as, overburden removal, underground driving, winzing, sinking work,
exploration by pitting, trenching or drilling as evident from the MCDR returns. The number of mines
which reported mineral production (excluding minor minerals, petroleum (crude), natural gas and atomic
minerals) in India was 3318 in 2014-15 as against 3722 in the previous year. Out of 3318 reporting mines,
498 were located in Rajasthan followed by Andhra Pradesh (444), Gujarat (362), Madhya Pradesh (326),
Tamil Nadu(272), Jharkhand (250), Chhattisgarh(201), Karnataka (178), Odisha (173), Maharashtra
(150), Telangana (145) and West Bengal (120). These 12 States together accounted for 94% of total
number of mines in the country in 2014-15. Among them, 575 mines belonged to coal & lignite, 595 to
metallic minerals and 2,148 to non-metallic minerals.
Number of Reporting Mines
Sector
All Minerals*
Coal (including Lignite)
Metallic Minerals
Non-Metallic Minerals

2012-13
3978
575
708
2695

2013-14(P)
3722
575
663
2484

2014-15(E)
3318
575
595
2148

*Excluding atomic minerals, petroleum (crude), natural gas (utilized) and minor minerals.
Source: Annual Report, 2014-15, Ministry of Mines.

Mineral wise no. of reporting mines for minerals (excluding fuel, atomic and minor minerals)
during 2011-12 to 2013-14 is given in Annexure - II.
3.5

Employment
During 2013-14(p), about 1,31,455 persons were employed in mining sector (excluding atomic

and minor minerals). State wise and mineral wise average daily employment during the period 2011-12 to
2013-14(p) is given in Annexure-III (A) & (B).

3.6

Self-Reliance in Minerals & Mineral Based Products

Indias ranking in 2013 as compared to world production was 2nd in barytes, Chromite, and

Talc/Steatite/Pyrophyllite, 3rd in Coal & Lignite and Zinc (slab), 4th Iron ore, Kyanite/Andalusite/
Sillimanite, and steel (crude/liquid), 5th in Bauxite ore, 6th in Manganese ore, 7th Aluminium and 10th in
Copper (refined). The contribution and rank of India in world production of principal minerals & metals
in 2013 are given in Annexure IV (A).
India continued to be wholly or largely self-sufficient in minerals which constitute primary
mineral raw materials to industries, such as, thermal power generation, iron & steel, ferro-alloys,
aluminium, cement, various types of refractories, etc. India is, by and large, self-sufficient in coal (with
the exception of very low ash coking coal required by the steel plants) and lignite among mineral fuels;
bauxite, chromite, iron and manganese ores, etc. among metallic minerals; and almost all the industrial
minerals with the exception of chrysotile asbestos, borax, fluorite, kyanite, potash, rock phosphate and
elemental sulphur. Despite high degree of self-sufficiency, some quantities of various minerals/ores are
imported due to economic consideration or requirement of specific grade to meet the demand for either
blending with locally available mineral raw materials and/or for manufacturing special qualities of
mineral-based products. To meet the increasing demand of uncut diamonds, emerald and other precious
and semiprecious stones by the domestic cutting and polishing industry, India continued to depend on
imports of raw uncut stones for their value-added re-exports.
The degree of self-sufficiency in respect of principal minerals & metals in 2013-14 is given in
Annexure IV (B).
4.0

THE LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR MINING SECTOR

Indias mineral and mining sector operates under a federal structure wherein the Central Govern-

ment formulates the legislation for all minerals except the minor minerals and the State Governments
formulate legislation for minerals classified as minor minerals. India has written legal and constitutional
framework to manage the mineral sector. National Mineral Policy provides the direction for mineral
sector. Management of mining sector is the responsibility of the Central Government and the State
Governments. The Constitution bestows power to the Parliament to enact legislation relating to the
mining and the States are bound by the Central legislation.
In the federal structure of India, the State Governments are the owners of minerals located within
their respective boundaries. The Central Government is the owner of the minerals underlying the ocean
within the territorial waters or the Exclusive Economic Zone of India.

In this context, the entry at serial No. 23 of List II (State list) to the Constitution of India states,
Regulation of mines and mineral development subject to the provisions of List I with respect to
regulation and development under the control of the Union. The entry at serial No. 54 of List I (Central
list) to the Constitution of India states, Regulation of mines and mineral development to the extent to
which such regulation and development under the control of the Union is declared by Parliament by law
to be expedient in the public interest.
In pursuance to the entry at serial No. 54 of List I, the Central Government have framed
legislation titled Mines & Minerals (Development and Regulation) (MMDR) Act, 1957 as Central Act for
governing the Mineral Sector (other than Petroleum and Natural Gas) of the Country. The Mineral
Concession Rules, 1960 and the Mineral Conservation and Development Rules, 1988 are the rules framed
under MMDR, 1957 to develop and regulate mining sector.
The State Governments, as owners of onshore minerals, grant mineral concessions and collect
royalty, dead rent and fees as per the provisions of MMDR Act, 1957. The MMDR Act, 1957 recognises
a substantial role for the State Governments. In exercise of powers under section 3 (e) of the MMDR Act,
1957, the central government notifies minor minerals. As per Section 15 of the MMDR Act, 1957 State
Governments have complete powers for making rules for grant of concessions in respect of minor
minerals; and levy and collection of royalty on minor minerals. In the case of major minerals, States
substantially regulate and develop minerals subject to provisions of the Act. Further, as per section 23C of
MMDR Act, 1957, State Governments have complete powers to make rules for prevention of illegal
mining and for purposes connected therewith. Therefore, matters relating to regulation of mining and
control of illegal mining of minor minerals are all matters which lie in the domain of State Governments.
The Central Government retains the power of revision, fixation of royalty etc. in respect of major
minerals. The Ministry of Coal exercises all powers of the Central Government with respect to Coal and
Lignite under the Act. The Department of Atomic Energy similarly exercises all powers for Atomic
Minerals. In order to regulate the mining and development of minerals in the offshore area, the Parliament
has enacted the Offshore Areas Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 2002. The Act empowers
the Central Government to grant mineral concessions for offshore areas and collect royalty. The Mines
Ministry administers the OAMDR Act, 2002 and the rules made there under, for all minerals, other than
Petroleum and Natural Gas within the territorial waters and the continental shelf. The Indian Bureau of
Mines has been notified as the administrative authority for concession management of offshore areas.

A.

Mineral Concession Rules (MCR), 1960

The MCR, 1960 defines the process of grant of mineral concessions as per the provisions of Sec-

tion 13 of the MMDR Act, 1957. The rules lay down the process and timelines for grant of concessions,
disposal and refusal of applications and the basic conduct of accounts, registers and information reports.
B.

Mineral Conservation & Development Rules (MCDR), 1988

The MCDR, 1988 prescribes guidelines for the conservation and development of minerals as per

the provisions of Section 18 of the MMDR Act, 1957. The rules prescribe procedures for carrying out
prospecting and mining operations and the general requirements relating to preparation of mining and
prospecting plans and filing of notices and returns. The rules also cover guidelines for protection of the
environment.
C.

Minor Mineral Concession Rules

Various State Governments have prescribed rules for the grant of mineral concessions in respect

of minerals classified as minor minerals under the MMDR Act, 1957.

D.

Offshore Areas Mineral (Development & Regulation) Act, 2002

The Offshore Areas Mineral (Development and Regulation) Act, 2002, provides for development

and regulation of mineral resources in the territorial waters, continental shelf, exclusive economic zone
and other maritime zones of India and to provide for matters connected to it.
E.

Offshore Areas Mineral Concession Rules, 2006

The Offshore Areas Mineral Concession Rules, 2006, lay down the process for grant and renewal

of reconnaissance permits, exploration licenses and production leases as per provisions of Section 35 of
the Offshore Areas Mineral (Development and Regulation) Act, 2002. The rules prescribe for measures
for protecting the marine environment and safety measures to be followed in the leased area. The rules
also define the operational guidelines for each concession granted under the act.
F.

Granite Conservation and Development Rules, 1999 & Marble Development and

Conservation Rules, 2002

These rules were framed under Section of 18 of the MMDR Act, 1957 for conservation and
systematic development of granite and marble resources in the country, respectively.

10

4.1

National Mineral Policy

Prior to 1993, the mineral sector was guided by the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1953. In

pursuance of the reforms initiated by the Government of India in fiscal, industrial and trade regimes, the
first National Mineral Policy was enunciated in March, 1993 which ushered in liberalization in the mining
sector. The National Mineral Policy recognized the need for encouraging private investment including
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and for attracting state-of-art technology in the mineral sector. The
policy stressed that the Central Government, in consultation with the State Governments, shall continue to
formulate legal measures for the regulation of mines and the development of mineral resources to ensure
basic uniformity in mineral administration so that the development of mineral resources keeps pace, and
is in consonance with the national policy goals.
Mining is a three-stage operation, involving regional exploration, detailed exploration, and actual
mining. Regional exploration is mainly a survey activity to identify areas bearing mineral deposits.
Detailed exploration is a little more invasive and can involve close spaced drilling (depending on the
mineral) and substantial testing to establish commercially exploitable ore bodies. Mining projects,
therefore, have a long gestation period requiring large investments in exploration and other development
activities before commercial production can begin, and are thus considered as a high risk venture for the
reason that a prospectors investment may or may not result in finds of commercially exploitable deposits.
In India, investment has been lacking in such high-risk ventures and the exploration done by Geological
Survey of India (GSI) continues to be the main basis for investment in mining.
Minerals are a valuable natural resource being the vital raw material for infrastructure, capital
goods and basic industries. As a major resource for development the extraction and management of
minerals has to be integrated into the overall strategy of the countrys economic development. The
exploitation of minerals has to be guided by long-term national goals and perspectives. Just as these goals
and perspectives are dynamic and responsive to the changing global economic scenario so also the
national mineral policy has to be dynamic taking into consideration the changing needs of industry in the
context of the domestic and global economic environment. It is, therefore, necessary to revisit the
National Mineral Policy, 1993.
In the mid-term appraisal of the Tenth Five-year Plan, it was observed that the main factors
responsible for lack of adequate investments into the mineral sector were procedural delays in processing
of applications for mineral concessions and absence of adequate imfrastructure in the mining areas. As
recommended in the mid-term appraisal of Xth five year plan, the Planning Commission constituted a
High Level Committee (HLC) under the Chairmanship of Shri Anwarul Hoda, Member Planning
Commission. Further, based on the recommendations of the High Level Committee set up in the Planning
11

Commission, Government of India, in consultation with State Governments, the National Mineral Policy
(NMP) was notified on the 13th March, 2008.
4.2

National Mineral Policy, 2008

The National Mineral Policy (NMP) was notified in 2008. It recommends measures like assured

right to next stage mineral concession, transferability of mineral concessions and transparency in
allotment of concessions, in order to reduce delays which are seen as impediments to investment and
technology flows in the mining sector in India. The Mineral Policy also seeks to develop a Sustainable
Development Framework for optimum utilisation of the countrys natural mineral resources for the
industrial growth in the country and at the same time improving the life of people living in the mining
areas, which are generally located in the backward and tribal regions of the country. Other features of the
National Mineral Policy, 2008, inter alia, are:(a) NMP recognizes that minerals are valuable natural resources being the vital raw material for
infrastructure, capital goods and basic industries, and therefore development of the extraction and
management of minerals has to be integrated into the overall strategy of the countrys economic
development.
(b) The exploitation of minerals has to be guided by long-term national goals and perspectives which are
dynamic and responsive to the changing global economic scenario.
(c) The NMP also recognizes that the country is blessed with ample resources of a number of minerals
and has the geological environment for many others, being a part of the ancient Gondwana land which
comprised parts of Australia, Africa and Latin America.
(d) NMP lays out that the guiding strategy for development of any mineral should naturally keep in view
its ultimate end use in terms of demand and supply in the short, medium and long terms and this would be
market oriented. However, a disaggregated approach in respect of each mineral should be adopted and a
mineral specific strategy be developed to maximize gains from the comparative advantage which the
country enjoys, and mineral development be prioritized in terms of import substitution, value addition and
export, in that order.
(e) Conservation of minerals shall be construed not in the restrictive sense of abstinence from
consumption or preservation for use in the distant future but as a positive concept leading to augmentation
of reserve base through improvement in mining methods, beneficiation and utilisation of low grade ore
and the rejects and recovery of associated minerals.

12

Important areas of focus in National Mineral Policy 2008

The Policy states that the Central Government in consultation with State Governments shall
formulate legal measures necessary for giving effect to it to ensure basic uniformity in mineral
administration across the country, to ensure that the development of mineral resources keeps pace, and is
in consonance with the national goals. Some of the important areas of focus in the National Mineral
Policy 2008 are:
(i) Ushering in greater liberalization and private sector involvement, and to widen the scope of the
regulatory framework of the Government in the mining sector by shifting the focus from conventional
areas of managing the mineral concession systems to new areas of regulating the mineral sector
holistically through addressing issues of simplification, transparency and sectoral best practices in order
to attract capital and technology in the sector from new sources.
(ii) Developing partnerships with stakeholders including the State Governments, mineral and mineral
based industries and various concerned Ministries/Departments of the Central Government, for
development and conservation of mineral resources and formulation of strategy to ensure raw material
security. The policy also seeks to deepen the scope of the developmental framework by mandating better
management of resources, enhancing the impetus on Research and Development, as also by developing
the Human Resources in the sector.
(iii) Ensuring that the interests of host populations and other vulnerable sections are fully protected and
the benefit of the economic activity in the mining sector flows equitably to the stakeholders.
NMP, 2008 has also deepened the scope of the developmental framework by mandating better
management of resources and improving the Research and Development and Human Resources in the
sector to ensure that the interests of host populations and other vulnerable sections are fully protected and
stakeholders interests are developed, and the benefit of the economic activity in the mining sector flow
equitably to the stakeholders.
4.3

Foreign Direct Investment policy for Mining sector

Government of India permits 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in exploration, mining,

mineral processing and metallurgy through the automatic route, by way of equity participation in a
company incorporated in India, for all non-fuel and non-atomic minerals including diamonds and precious
stones.

13

Mining and mineral separation of titanium-bearing minerals and ores, its value addition and
integrated activities fall under the government route of foreign direct investment up to 100%. FDI in coal
mining is allowed for captive consumption only.
5.0

INITIATIVES/NEW DEVELOPMENTS FOR MINING SECTOR

5.1

MINING TENEMENT SYSTEM (MTS)

The MTS has been envisaged to automate the various processes associated with the mineral

concession regime. The objective of the Scheme is to develop an online National Mineral Information
System for investors by linking Central and State organizations engaged in administration of mineral
resources in the country. The Mining Tenement System (MTS) would have graphical information
database (GIS) as well as information in textual form.
These two databases, i.e., non-special database and special database would be seamlessly
integrated so as to retrieve graphical information as well as relevant textual information. The system will
be thus web enabled and access to the system will be given online to prospective investors, government
organizations and private public through Internet as per policy of the Government.
This would not only give an impetus to the decision-making process but is also expected to bring
transparency and efficiency. The MTS will not only enable online filing of applications but it will also
help to identify the areas for various types of mineral concessions. IBM has been nominated by the
Ministry as the Nodal Implementing Agency for the project. Detailed Project Report (DPR) of MTS had
already been approved by the Core Committee. Further, RFP document for selection of an
implementation agency for design, development, maintenance and operation of MTS was issued. Thus,
the retendering of Request for proposal (RFP) for selection of an implementing agency for design,
development, maintenance and operations of Mining Tenement System is under process.
5.2

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK (SDF)

As per the recommendations of a High Level Committee headed by Shri Anwarul Hoda, a

Sustainable Development Framework specially tailored to the Indian context was developed taking into
consideration the work being done in International Council of Mining and Metals (ICMM) and
International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). The SDF was based
on the following eight principles.
Incorporating Environment and Social sensitivities in decision on leases.
Strategic assessment in Key Mining regions.

14

 Managing Impacts at the Mine Level through sound management systems.

Addressing land, resettlement and other social impacts.
Community Engagement and other Social impacts.
Community Engagement, Benefit sharing and contribution to socio-economic development.
Mines Closure and Post Closure.
Assurance and Reporting.
The Sustainable Development Framework for Mining Sector (non-coal, non-fuel, non-atomic
minerals, not covering offshore mining) is available on website of Ministry of Mines.
5.3

Coordination-cum-Empowered Committee (CEC)

The Ministry of Mines had constituted a Coordination-cum-Empowered Committee (CEC) under

the chairpersonship of Secretary (Mines) to monitor and minimize delays at various levels in grant of
approvals for mineral concession applications on 4.3.2009. Keeping in view the need for having more
effective coordination among the Central Ministries/Departments and the State Governments for grant of
mineral concessions as well as for dealing with various important matters relating to mineral development
and regulation in the country, the CEC has been reconstituted as Coordination-cum-Empowered
Committee on Mineral Development and Regulation on 20th October, 2011.
The CEC comprises senior officers of the Ministries of Mines, Environment and Forests, Home
Affairs, Steel, Railways, Finance, Shipping, Fertilizers, Department of Atomic Energy, Directorate
General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Geological Survey of India (GSI), Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM).
Representatives of State Governments are invited to the meetings of the CEC as special invitees. The
Terms of Reference (ToR) of the CEC have also been broadened so as to bring within its ambit other
important matters viz. Sustainable Development Framework, Coordination/review of steps for prevention
of illegal mining, issues arising out of the National Mineral Policy and legislation governing mineral
development etc.
The CEC meets quarterly, wherein important decisions aimed at minimizing delays in processing
of mineral concession applications at various levels and bringing about efficiency and transparency in the
overall mineral concession regime were taken.
One of the main decisions taken by the CEC was that a State level Coordination-cum-Empowered
Committee (SEC) would be constituted in each State under the chairmanship of Chief Secretary or
Additional Chief Secretary/Principal Secretary of the Mining/Industries Department with representation
15

from all concerned Departments/institutions. As per the information received by the Ministry, all mineralrich States viz. Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Goa, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu have constituted their respective SECs. The other major
decisions/steps taken by the CEC relating to mineral concessions were: calling upon the State
Governments to ensure timely submission of quarterly reports on mineral concessions, prompt issuance of
letters of intent (LOI), and expeditious disposal of long-standing concession cases.
5.4

Mines and Mineral (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015

The NMP 2008 provides for a change in the role of the Central Government and the State

Governments to incentivize private sector investment in exploration and mining and for ensuring level
playing field and transparency in the grant of concessions and promotion of scientific mining within a
sustainable development framework so as to protect the interest of local population in mining areas. This
has necessitated harmonization of the extant legislation with NMP 2008.
In the last few years, the number of new Mining Leases granted in the country have fallen
substantially. In addition, second and subsequent renewals have also been affected by Court judgements.
As a result, the output in the mining sector has come down, leading to import of minerals. Thus, the
amendment to the MMDR Act, 1957 became necessary to address the emergent problems in the mining
industry.
The MMDR Amendment act, 2015 was enacted to amend the MMDR Act, 1957. Some of the
important provisions of the amending act are: (i) grant of mineral concessions through auction by
competitive bidding; (ii) extension of validity of lease period of existing leases; (iii) establishment of
District Mineral Foundation for the benefit of persons and areas affected by mining operations; (iv)
establishment of National Mineral Exploration Trust for the purposes of regional and detailed exploration;
(v) simplification and removal of delays in the method of grant of mineral concessions; and (vi) stronger
provisions for checking illegal mining.
(a) Removal of discretion; auction to be sole method of allotment
All mineral concessions are granted by the respective State Governments. They will continue to
do so but all grant of mineral concessions would be through auctions, thereby bringing in greater
transparency and removing of discretion. Unlike in the 1957 Act, there would be no renewal of any
mining concession. The tenure of the mineral concession have been increased from the existing 30 years
to 50 years. Thereafter, the Mining Lease would be put up for auction (and not for renewal as in the
earlier system).

16

(b) Impetus to the mining sector

The said act addresses the issue of second and subsequent renewals remaining pending leading to
closure of large number of mines. The said amendment act provides that the Mining Leases would be
deemed to be extended from the date of their last renewal to 31st March, 2030 (in the captive miners) and
till 31st March, 2020 (for the merchant miners) or till the completion of the renewal already granted, if
any, whichever is later. It is expected that this would immediately permit such closed mines to start their
operations.
(c) Safeguarding interest of affected persons
There is provision to establish District Mineral Foundation (DMF) in the districts where mining
takes place. This is designed to address the long time grievance of the civil society with people affected
by mining are not cared for. There is separate provision for contribution to the DMF not exceeding
1/3rd of the royalty rate in the respective minerals.
(d) Encouraging exploration and investment
Indian mining industry has not seen the type of exploration as in other countries. To address this,
the said act proposes to setup a National Mineral Exploration Trust created out of contribution from the
mining lease holders. This would allow the Government to have a dedicated fund for undertaking
exploration. In addition, the transferability provision (in respect of Mining Leases to be granted through
auction) would permit flow of greater investment to the sector and increasing the efficiency in mining.
(e) Simplification of procedure and removal of delay
In respect of ten minerals in Part C of First Schedule to MMDR Act 1957, State Government
needed to obtain the prior approval of the Central Government before grant of mineral concession. The
amendment removes the need for such prior approval from the Central Government, thereby making
the process quicker and simpler. Similarly, approval of mining plan by the Government would no longer
be mandatory as a provision has been added permitting the State Governments to devise a system for
filing of a mining plan obviating need for approval by the Government. The said act also provides that the
tenure of any Mining Lease would now be 50 years in place of 30 years in the existing Act. Further,
central government has been given powers to intervene where state governments do not pass orders
within prescribed timelines.
(f) Stronger provisions for checking illegal mining
In order to bring a check on illegal mining, the penal provisions have been made further stringent.
Higher penalties and jail terms have been provided in the amendment act. Further, a provision has been
17

made for constitution of special courts by the state govt. for fast-track trial of cases related to illegal
mining.
5.5

Notification of Minor Mineral

In exercise of powers under section 3 (e) of the MMDR Act, 1957, the Ministry notifies minor

minerals. Recently the Ministry (on 10.02.2015) notified 31 minerals as minor minerals. The
notification has been published in the Gazette of India vide S.O. 423(E) dated 10.2.2015. The total
number of minerals notified as minor minerals so far is 55 whose regulatory and administrative
jurisdiction fall under the purview of State Governments. These include the power to frame rules,
prescribe the rate of royalty, contribution to DMF, the procedure for grant of mineral concession etc. The
other Minerals are popularly known as major minerals. In the case of major minerals, States substantially
regulate and develop minerals subject to provisions of the Act.
5.6

New rules/Guidelines/model format

Government of India is in the process of simplifying and updating the legislation relating to the

mineral and mining sector in India that includes necessary amendments to MCR, 1960 and MCDR, 1988.
As a part of this initiative, the Central Government has notified the following rules for implementation of
provisions of the MMDR Amendment Act, 2015.
Minerals (Evidence of Mineral Contents) Rules, 2015: Rules that prescribe procedures to be followed
for conducting the exploration to determine mineral content so that the mineral blocks could be taken up
for auction of mineral concessions.
Mineral (Auction) Rules, 2015: Rules that detail the process to be followed for auction with respect to
grant of minerals concessions.
Mineral (Non-exclusive Reconnaissance Permits) Rules, 2015: Rules that detail the process to be
followed for grant of Non-exclusive Reconnaissance Permit.
National Mineral Exploration Trust Rules, 2015: Rules that detail the objectives, functions, operations
of the National Mineral Exploration Trust.
Mineral conservation and development (amendment) Rules, 2015: Rule that amend rule 3(c) of
MCDR 1988.
Other guidelines or model are also published as mentioned below Model District Mineral Foundation Trust Deed
Guidelines for support Mining Research
18

 Model Tender document containing the Mines development and Production Agreement.
5.7

International Cooperation
Geology and mining is an evolving field. Various countries have expertise in different sectors of

this industry. Through international cooperation, we endeavor to access the expertise across the world.
This is through personal exchange and training wherever feasible. Indian expertise in certain area is also
been found useful by some countries who have utilized our training facilities to upgrade the skill of their
personnel. The Ministry also makes effort to project mining sector of India as an attractive investment
destination in various international mining events for attracting foreign direct investment.
5.8

Notifying PSUs to boost mineral prospecting in the country

In order to strengthen the mineral inventory database of the country, the government has notified

seven PSUs to undertake prospecting work. This obviates the need for such companies to obtain
prospecting licence. The PSUs are
1. Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited

2. Steel Authority of India Limited

3. NMDC Limited

4. KIOCL Limited

3. MOIL Limited

6. Chhattisgarh District Mineral Foundation, and

7. Madhya Pradesh State Mining Corporation Limited

6.0

MINERAL ADMINISTRATION
Each State Government takes care of all the mineral administration related matters (such as grant

of concessions, collection of royalties, etc.) within the state offices distributed over entire state. As per the
MMDR Amendment Act, 2015, the three types of concessions could be granted for exploration and
mining of minerals.
6.1

Mining Lease
This concession is granted through an auction process where the bidder succeeding in the auction

can undertake mining operations after obtaining requisite clearances.

Pursuant to recently notified Mineral (Auction) Rules, 2015, the State Government issues an order notifying an area for grant of Mining Lease. Prior to auctioning the notified area(s), the State
Government is required to complete exploration up to G2 level as standards prescribed under Minerals
(Evidence of Mineral Contents) Rules, 2015 and establish indicated mineral resources in the area to be
granted under concession. The Mining Lease will be valid for a period of 50 years from the date of ex19

ecution of Mining Lease. A concessionaire is not permitted to acquire one or more Mining Leases
covering a total area of more than ten sq. km. in a particular State. The concessionaire is required to
complete detailed exploration and prepare a detailed feasibility study report conforming to the Mineral
(Evidence of Mineral Contents) Rules, 2015 over the entire area under the mining lease, within a period
of five years from the date of commencement of the Mining Lease.
6.2

Composite Licence (Prospecting Licence-cum-Mining Lease)

This licence granted through an auction process where the bidder succeeding in the auction is re-

quired to undertake exploration and prospecting work to upgrade the exploration in the mineral
concession area within a prescribed time.
State Government issues an order notifying an area for grant of Composite License after
completing exploration up to G3 level conforming to standards prescribed under Minerals (Evidence of
Mineral Contents) Rules, 2015 and establishing inferred mineral resources in the area to be granted under
concession. The concessionaire is obliged to complete the prescribed level of prospecting within 3 years
(extendable further for a period of 2 years). The concessionaire will be eligible for grant of a Mining
Lease, after establishing the economically extractable mineral content and obtaining necessary clearances
and approvals needed for grant of a Mining Lease. The concessionaire is required to follow similar
procedure and make payments as applicable to a Mining Lease. A concessionaire is not permitted to
acquire one or more Prospecting Licenses covering a total area of more than twenty five sq. km. in a
particular State.
6.3

Non-exclusive Reconnaissance Permit (NERP)

Pursuant to recently notified the Mineral (Non-exclusive Reconnaissance Permits) Rules, 2015,

this permit is granted to all the eligible explorers within 30 days from the date of filing of an online
application, provided the applicant meets the eligibility conditions and the application is complete in all
respects. The permit holder is not be entitled to make any claim for the grant of any prospecting licencecum-mining lease or a mining lease. The State Government will specify the validity period of NERP at
the time of grant and the validity will stand terminated over such area(s) which are notified for grant of
concessions through auction. A concessionaire is not permitted to acquire one or more NERPs covering a
total area of more than 10,000 sq. km. in a particular State, provided that area granted under a single
NERP shall not exceed 5,000 sq. km.
7.0

MINERAL REGULATION
Indian Bureau of Mines, a subordinate office of the Ministry of Mines, is mainly responsible for

regulation of mining in the country. It carries out inspection of mines, approves mining plans and mine
20

closure plans and conducts environmental studies to minimise environmental impact due to mining.
Besides being a regulator, it also maintains a repository of information relating to minerals and mining
activity in the country and all the mines are required to file mandatory returns with IBM. It also prepares
mineral maps, mineral resource and reserve inventory and publishes technical and statistical information
relating to the minerals and mining activity in the country.
8.0

TAXATION AND ROYALTIES

The principal taxes/ payments applicable to mining industry in India are -

Direct Taxes Corporate Income Tax (IT) or Minimum Alternative Tax (MAT).

Indirect Taxes Custom Duty, Service Tax, Value Added Tax (VAT) etc.

Mining Levies Royalty or Dead Rent, contribution to National Mineral Exploration

Trust and District Mineral Foundation, Surface Rent (if applicable), etc.
The taxes/ levies listed above are inclusive and not exhaustive; the actual amount of taxes/ levies

may vary depending on the States.

8.1

Direct Taxes
The main direct tax applicable for mining in India is income tax (or Minimum Alternative Tax).

As per Income Tax Act, 1961, the Income Tax is applicable for any company incorporated in India or
having its management and control in India. Mineral concessions are granted to only Indian entities. A
foreign company is taxed only on the income received in India from Indian operations. A company is
liable to pay the higher of two ways in which income tax is computed i.e. either at the rate of Minimum
Alternative Tax (MAT) or the normal tax rate.
8.2

Indirect Taxes
The main indirect taxes applicable for mining in India are Customs Duty, Export Duty, Service

Tax, Value Added Tax, etc.

The customs duty is levied on the import of goods into India as per the Customs Act, 1962 and
the rates prescribed in the First and Second Schedule of the Customs Tariff Act, 1975. Customs duty is
computed on the basis of the value of the imported goods. Exports are generally exempt from customs
duty. In exceptional cases, when there is a shortfall in the domestic supply to cater the domestic demand,
the government may regulate the supply of minerals through imposition of export duties.

21

The Service Tax is levied by the Central Government as per the provisions of the Finance Act,
1994/ 2015 at the rate of 14% on specified services provided by service providers in India. Mining
companies may attract service tax for the services availed during exploration, mineral production,
handling, transportation etc. Some of the taxable services relevant to the mining industry are Survey and
exploration of minerals, Site formation and clearance, Excavation, demolition and earth moving services,
Mining of minerals, etc.
The application of Value Added Tax (VAT) is under the purview of the State Government and is
levied on the sale or purchase of goods within the state.
8.3

Mining Levies

8.3.1

Royalty & Dead rent

Royalty on mining is collected by the State Government. Royalty on most of the minerals is

levied on ad valorem basis as percentage of price notified by the government. In the event that royalty due
for a mine is lesser to dead rent, the lessee is required to pay dead rent. In other words, a lessee is liable to
pay royalty or dead rent whichever is higher and not both.
Under the provisions of Section 9(3) of the MMDR Act, 1957, the Central Government is
empowered to amend the Second Schedule to the Act, by notification in the official Gazette, so as to
enhance or reduce the rate at which royalty shall be payable in respect of any minerals, provided that the
Central Government shall not enhance the rate of royalty in respect of any minerals more than once
during any period of three years. Similarly under Section 9a(2) of the Act, the Central Government may,
amend the Third Schedule to the Act so as to enhance or reduce the rate at which the dead rent shall be
payable in respect of any area covered by mining lease and such enhancement or reduction shall take
effect from such date as may be specified in the notification, provided that the Central Government shall
not enhance the rate of the dead rent in respect of any such area more than once during any period of three
years.
In order to review the royalty rates and dead rent, the Ministry of Mines constituted a Study
Group for revision of royalty rates and rates of dead rent for minerals (other than coal, lignite and sand for
stowing) which makes appropriate recommendations to the Government. Based on the recommendations
of the Study Group, the Central Government amends the Second Schedule and the Third Schedule to the
MMDR Act. Recently, based on the recommendations of the Study Group, the Central Government
amended the Second and Third Schedule to revise the rates of royalty and dead rent in respect of minerals
(other than coal, lignite and sand for stowing) which was notified vide Gazette notification no.GSR 630
(E) and GSR 631 (E) dated 1.9.2014.
22

8.3.2

Contribution to National Mineral Exploration Trust

The MMDR Amendment Act, 2015 envisages the establishment of the National Mineral Explora-

tion Trust (NMET) with an objective of regional and detailed exploration. As per the Act, the holder of
ML or CL is required to pay a sum equal to two percent of the royalty as a contribution to the Trust. The
contributions received by the NMET will be used for exploration activities.
8.3.3

Contribution to District Mineral Foundation

The MMDR Amendment Act, 2015 envisages the establishment of the District Mineral

Foundation in all districts affected by mining related operations and contribution received are utilised for
local area development and to promote sustainable development in mining and exploration. A
concessionaire holding an ML or CL granted on or after the date of commencement of the MMDR
Amendment Act, 2015, is required to contribute a particular amount to the DMF, besides the royalty
payable. The amount of contribution shall not exceed one-third of the royalty prescribed by the Central
Government.
8.3.4 Other Levies
In addition to the levies under the MMDR Act and the general taxes listed above, the
concessionaire may be required to pay certain other levies and taxes during the course of mining
operations depending on specific situations. These levies mainly includes Surface Rent (if applicable)
(A lessee may be liable to pay surface rent at the rate specified by the State Government. For access to
surface right of the private land, lessee may have to pay compensation to the owner of land), Entry Tax
(levied on entry of the scheduled goods into a local area for consumption, use or sale therein and liability
to pay Sales Tax gets reduced by the amount of Entry Tax paid), Forest Tax (levied on forest produce
removed from forest areas), Compensatory Afforestation Charges (levied to promote afforestation and
compensate for deforestation and loss to flora in the leased forest area), Net Present Value of Forest
Land Diverted for Mining (levied on the part of land that has been diverted for the purpose of carrying
out exploration or mining operations), Stamp Duty, Water Tax, etc.
In addition, Cess is levied on mineral ore under various legislations. For instance, cess on iron
ore, manganese ore and chrome ore are levied under the Iron Ore Mines, Manganese Ore Mines and
Chrome Ore Mines Labour Welfare Cess Act, 1976.
9.0

PRESENT STATUS OF EXPLORATION WITH MINERAL ASSETS

India is a mineral rich country and has favourable geological milieu which is yet to be fully

explored, assessed and exploited. Its geological setup is similar in many ways to that of resource rich
countries like Canada, Australia, Brazil, South Africa, Chile and Mexico etc. The exploration is a
23

continuous process and evaluation of quantity of reserves of minerals is carried out on the basis of survey
of minerals. Exploration activities in India are mostly carried out by GSI, MECL, various State DGMs,
public sector undertakings (PSU) and private sector entities both domestic and subsidiaries of many
global companies. For the mineral survey in the country, GSI is a nodal agency to formulate exploration
programmes of various agencies through CGPB.
GSI is the principal agency for geological mapping and regional mineral resource assessment in
India. It shall be responsible for drawing up action oriented plans towards these ends in close cooperation
with all other agencies engaged in this task. Detailed exploration on land is done by the Mineral
Exploration Corporation, Directorates of Mining and Geology of the State Governments and various
Central and State Public Sector Organisations. GSI has identified 0.571 million sq km as Obvious
Geological Potential (OGP) area for minerals. A major part of this OGP area is yet to be fully explored.
Most of the exploration activities in the country are of conventional type with restricted input from
geochemistry, geophysics and remote sensing. The finds so far, are located near the surface (mostly up to
a vertical depth of 100 m). Therefore, with fast depletion of easily accessible and shallow or near surface
ore bodies and decline in the rate of locating new mineral deposits within shallow depths, the challenge
lies in identifying new area for locating near surface deposits and deep seated and concealed/ hidden
ore bodies through modern and sophisticated exploration methods/ techniques on the basis of conceptual
studies.
Further, to ensure exploration and exploitation of Indias exclusive economic zone to the maximum
possible extent, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) and its agencies are entrusted with the task of sea-bed
exploration and mining. Cooperation between MoES and GSI will be institutionalized so as to achieve
this objective within a time bound framework. The task of mapping out the extended economic zone will
be expedited and completed within the time prescribed by the International Sea Convention so that no
area of sea bed mining is lost to the country.
Besides, particular attention will be given to the survey and exploration of minerals in which the
country has a poor resource-cum-reserve base despite having the geological potential for large resources
or there is demand within the country either for use or for export after processing.
9.1

National Mineral Inventory

The preparation of National Mineral Inventory (NMI) is entrusted to Indian Bureau of Mines

through its charter of functions. IBM facilitates access to the latest information on mineral resources
available in the country for exploitation. Since 1968, Indian Bureau of Mines prepares, maintains and
disseminates the inventory of Mineral Resources of the country, based on a comprehensive review of
exploration data. Emphasis of this activity was enshrined in the National Mineral Policy, 1993 and it is
24

incorporated with same vigor in the new National Mineral Policy, 2008 also. The new charter of functions
of IBM states that Collect, collate, and organize into a database, all information on exploration,
prospecting, mines and minerals in the country in the shape of a National Mineral Information Repository
and take steps to publish and disseminate the same. In the meeting of the Coordination-CumEmpowered-Committee (CEC) on Mineral Development and Regulation held on 13 th March 2015, States
were of the view that the responsibility of preparation of national Mineral Inventory may continue to be
discharged by IBM for all minerals including those 31 minerals notified as minor minerals on 10 th
February 2015.
Mineral Inventory and Mineral Exploration are complimentary to each other. India has registered
a phenomenal growth in mineral resources in post-independence period with adoption of systematic and
planned efforts through successive five year plans. Data generated as a result of exploration, feasibility
assessment, economic evaluation, technological adoption, end-use consumption in mineral based
industries etc. flow into the mineral inventory. Inventory reflects the extent of abundance, adequacy,
deficit and scarceness of mineral resources in the country and also directs towards the minerals in respect
of which priority in exploration to be fixed. So the inventory plays a crucial role in evolving overall
development strategy for judicious management of countrys mineral resources.
The resources of minerals as attempted in the earlier full-fledged inventory as on 1-04-2010 and
interim updation as on 1-04-2013 for important 25 minerals are given in Annexure V. Further principle
states as per the incidence of the minerals during these studies are given in the same annexure. Further,
updation of NMI as on 1.4.2015 for 71 minerals has been taken up.
In NMI database, the reserves/resources are maintained as per United Nation Framework
Classification. In addition, the grade wise reserves/resources of Private/public leaseholds as well as
freehold deposits are also maintained in the NMI database. The information/data for leasehold deposits
are collected from Regional offices of IBM and for freehold deposits from various exploration agencies
viz. GSI, DGM, MECL, etc. on non-statutory basis.
The principal minerals found in the country along with their estimated reserves/resources are
given below:
Bauxite: The resources of bauxite in the country as on 1.4.2013, as per UNFC system are placed at 3,739
million tonnes. These resources include 830 million tonnes reserves and 2,909 million tonnes remaining
resources. By grades, 84% resources are of metallurgical grade. The resources of refractory and chemical
grades are limited. By States, Odisha alone accounts for about 53% of country's resources of bauxite
followed by Andhra Pradesh (16%), Gujarat (8%), Jharkhand (5%) and Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra &
Madhya Pradesh (4% each). The remaining 6% resources are distributed in Bihar, Goa, J&K, Karnataka,
25

Kerala, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. Major bauxite resources are concentrated in the East
Coast bauxite deposits in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.
Chromite: As per UNFC system, total resources of chromite in the country as on 1.4.2013 are estimated
at about 322 million tonnes, comprising 107 million tonnes reserves (33%) and 215 million tonnes
remaining resources (67%). More than 96% resources of chromite are located in Odisha, mostly in the
Sukinda valley in Cuttack and Jajpur districts. Minor deposits are scattered over Manipur, Nagaland,
Karnataka, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Grade-wise, charge-chrome grade
accounts for 31% resources followed by beneficiable grade (21%), ferro-chrome grade (17%) and
refractory grade 4%. Low, others, unclassified and not-known grades together account for 27%.
Copper: The total resources of copper ore as on 1.4.2013 as per UNFC system are estimated at 1,511
million tonnes. Of these, about 238 million tonnes (16%) fall under 'reserves' proved (STD111) and
probable (STD121 & 122) categories) while the balance 1,273 million tonnes (84%) are 'remaining
resources' categories. The total copper metal content in the resources is about 12.22 million tonnes of
which about 3 million tonnes constitute reserves and 9.22 million tonnes of remaining resources. By
grade wise total resources, about 3 million tonnes (0.17%) comprise ore containing 1.85% Cu or more,
682 million tonnes (45%) of 1% to below 1.85% Cu, 628 million tonnes (42%) of (+) 0. 50% Cu to below
1% Cu and 199 million tonnes (13%) of below 0.50% Cu grade. Largest resources of copper ore to a tune
of 809 million tonnes (53.54%) are in the state of Rajasthan followed by Madhya Pradesh with 287.67
million tonnes (19%) and Jharkhand with 295.96 million tonnes (19.59%). Copper resources in Andhra
Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu,
Uttarakhand and West Bengal accounted for remaining 7.87% of the total all India resources.
Diamond: As per the UNFC system as on 1.4.2013, all India resources of diamond are placed at around
31.86 million carats. Out of these, 0.98 million carats are placed under reserves category and 30.88
million carats under remaining resources category. By grades, about 2.38% resources are of gem variety,
2.64% of industrial variety and bulk of the resources (95%) are placed under unclassified category. By
states, Madhya Pradesh accounts for about 90.19% resources followed by Andhra Pradesh 5.72% and
Chhattisgarh 4.09%.
Dolomite: Dolomite occurrences are widespread in the country. As per UNFC system, as on 1.4.2013
total resources of dolomite are placed at about 8,085 million tonnes, out of which about 784 million
tonnes are placed under reserves category and the balance 7,301 million tonnes under remaining resources
category. Grade wise, BF/sintering grade accounts for 24% resources followed by SMS (20%), refractory
(9%), BF & SMS mixed (5%) and glass (3%). Others, unclassified, not-known and BF, SMS & refractory
mixed grades together account for the remaining 39% resources. Major share of about 89% resources was
26

distributed in eight states: namely, Madhya Pradesh (28%), Andhra Pradesh (13%), Chhattisgarh (11%)
Odisha (10%), Karnataka (8%), Gujarat & Rajasthan (7% each) and Maharashtra (5%). The remaining
11% resources are distributed in Arunachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Haryana, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu,
Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
Fluorite: As per the UNFC system, the total resources of fluorite in the country as on 1.4.2013 are
estimated at 18.19 million tonnes. Out of these, 4.57 million tonnes are placed under reserves category
(further classified into 4.6 million tonnes under proved category and 0.15 million tonnes under probable
category). Remaining resources comprise about 13.62 million tonnes.
By States, Gujarat accounts for 66% of the total resources having 12 million tonnes, followed by
Rajasthan with 5.24 million tonnes (29%), Chhattisgarh 0.55 million tonnes (3%) and Maharashtra 0.39
million tonnes (2%). Grade wise, the resources are classified into marketable grade which accounted for
(81%) of the total resources, low grade (17%) and unclassified grade (2%).
Graphite: As per the UNFC system, the total resources of graphite as on 1.4.2013 are placed at about
188.67 million tonnes, out of which 8.47 million tonnes are in the reserves category and 180.20 million
tonnes are placed under remaining resources category. Resources containing +40% fixed carbon
constitute about 2.51 million tonnes and resources analysing 10-40% fixed carbon constitute 36.31
million tonnes. The balance 149.85 million tonnes fall under 'others', 'unclassified' and 'not known'
grades. Arunachal Pradesh accounts for about 39% of the total resources which is followed by Jammu &
Kashmir (33%), Odisha (10%), Jharkhand (9%) and Tamil Nadu (4%). The remaining 5% resources are
distributed in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and
Uttarakhand.
Gold: As per UNFC system, as on 1.4.2013, the total resources of gold ore in the country were estimated
at 494.80 million tonnes. Out of these, 14.61 million tonnes were placed under reserves category and the
remaining 480.19 million tonnes under remaining resources category. Total resources of gold (primary),
in terms of metal, stood at 640.41 tonnes. Out of these, 71.91 tonnes were placed under reserves category
and 568.50 tonnes under remaining resources category. The resources include placer-type gold ore in
Kerala estimated at 26.12 million tonnes containing 5.86 tonnes gold metal.
By States, largest resources in terms of gold ore (primary) are located in Bihar in 222.88 million
tonnes (45%) followed by Rajasthan in 118.89 million tonnes (24%) and Karnataka in 103.78 million
tonnes (21%), West Bengal in 12.83 million tonnes (3%), and Andhra Pradesh in 12.27 million tonnes
and Jharkhand in 9.37 million tonnes (2% each ) and Madhya Pradesh in 7.79 million tonnes (1.5%).
Remaining 1.5% resources of ore are located in Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. In

27

terms of metal content, Karnataka remained on top followed by Rajasthan, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh,
Jharkhand, etc.
Gypsum: As per UNFC system, the total resources of mineral gypsum in India as on 1.4.2010 were
estimated at 1,286 million tonnes of which 39 million tonnes have been placed under 'reserves' and 1,247
million tonnes under 'remaining resources' category. Of the total resources, fertilizer/pottery grade
accounts for about 82% and cement/paint grade 12%. The unclassified and not-known grades together
account for 5% resources. The remaining one percent of resources is shared by surgical plaster and soil
reclamation grades. By States, Rajasthan alone accounts for 82% resources and Jammu & Kashmir 14%
resources. The remaining 4% resources are in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka,
Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
Iron ore: Haematite and magnetite are the most important iron ores in India. About 60% haematite ore
deposits are found in the Eastern Sector, especially in Odisha & Jharkhand while about 92% magnetite
ore deposits occur in Southern Sector, especially in Karnataka. Of these, haematite is considered to be
superior because of its higher grade. Indian deposits of haematite belong to the Precambrian Iron Ore
Series and the ore is within banded iron ore formations occurring as massive, laminated, friable and also
in powdery form.
As per UNFC system, the total resources of haematite as on 1.4.2013 are estimated at 20,576
million tonnes of which 6,607 million tonnes (32%) are under 'reserves' category and the balance 13,969
million tonnes (68%) are under 'remaining resources' category. By grades, lumps constitute about 58%
followed by fines (17%), lumps with fines (16%) and the remaining 9% are black iron ore, unclassified,
not-known and other grades. Major resources of haematite are located in Odisha - 7183 million tonnes
(35%), Jharkhand 5,069 million tonnes (25%), Chhattisgarh 4,031 million tonnes (19%), Karnataka 2,269 million tonnes (11%) and Goa 1,019 million tonnes (5%). The balance resources of haematite are
spread in Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Rajasthan and Uttar
Pradesh.
Magnetite is another principal iron ore that also occurs in the form of oxide either in igneous or
metamorphosed banded magnetite-silica formation, possibly of sedimentary origin. As per UNFC system,
the total resources of magnetite as on 1.4.2013 are estimated at 10,747 million tonnes of which 'reserves'
constitute a mere about 34 million tonnes while 10713 million tonnes are placed under 'remaining
resources'. Classification on the basis of grades shows 20% resources are of metallurgical grade while
80% resources belong to unclassified, not-known and other grades. The resources of coal washery and
foundry grades constitute meagre proportions. India's 97% magnetite resources are located in four states,
namely, Karnataka - 7,802 million tonnes (73%), Andhra Pradesh 1,392 million tonnes (13%),
28

Rajasthan 627 million tonnes (6%) and Tamil Nadu - 507 million tonnes (5%). Assam, Bihar, Goa,
Jharkhand, Kerala, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Odisha together account for the remaining 3%
resources.
Kaolin/china clay: China clay resources in the country as per UNFC system as on 1.4.2010 have been
placed at 2,705.21 million tonnes. The reserves constitute only about 7% of the resources at 177.16
million tonnes. Out of the total reserves, 70% (about 124 million tonnes) reserves are under proved
category whereas 30% (about 53 million tonnes) reserves fall under probable category. The resources are
spread over in a number of states of which Kerala holds about 25%, followed by West Bengal and
Rajasthan (16% each) and Odisha and Karnataka (10% each). Out of total resources, about 22% or 608
million tonnes fall under ceramic/pottery grade, 4% are classified under chemical, paper filler and cement
grades and about 73% or 1,980 million tonnes resources fall under mixed grade, others, unclassified &
not-known categories.
Lead &Zinc: The total resources of lead and zinc ores as on 1.4.2013 as per UNFC system, are
estimated at 709.04 million tonnes. Of these, 102.79 million tonnes (14%) fall under 'reserves' category
while balance 606.25 million tonnes (86%) are classified as 'remaining resources'. The resources of ore
containing + 10% Pb & Zn were estimated at 130.58 million tonnes, ore containing 5 to 10% Pb & Zn
were 283.18 million tonnes and ore containing less than 5% Pb & Zn were 295.28 million tonnes.
The total metal content in resources of lead is 12 million tonnes Lead and that of zinc is 35.86
million tonnes and for lead zinc metal is 140.82 thousand tonnes. In terms of reserves, 2.11 million tonnes
of lead metal and 10.89 million tonnes of zinc metal have been estimated. Rajasthan is endowed with the
largest resources of lead-zinc ore amounting to 629.92 million tonnes (88.84%), followed by Andhra
Pradesh 22.69 million tonnes (3.20%), Madhya Pradesh 14.84 million tonnes (2.09%), Bihar 11.43
million tonnes (1.61%) and Maharashtra 9.27 million tonnes (1.31%). Resources are also established in
Gujarat, Meghalaya, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand and West Bengal.
Limestone: The total resources of limestone of all categories and grades as per UNFC system as on
1.4.2010 are estimated at 184,935 million tonnes, of which 14,926 million tonnes (8%) are under reserves
category and 170,009 million tonnes (92%) are under remaining resources category. Karnataka is the
leading state having 28% of the total resources followed by Andhra Pradesh (20%), Rajasthan (12%),
Gujarat (11%) , Meghalaya (9%) and Chhattisgarh (5%). Gradewise, cement grade has leading share of
about 69% followed by SMS & BF grades (12%) and chemical grade (3%). Remaining 16% are others,
not-known and unclassified Grades.
Magnesite: The total reserves/resources of magnesite as per UNFC system as on 1.4.2013 are about 328
million tonnes of which reserves and remaining resources are about 21 million tonnes and 307 million
29

tonnes, respectively. Substantial quantities of resources are established in Uttarakhand (71%), followed
by Rajasthan (16%) and Tamil Nadu (10%). Resources are also located in Andhra Pradesh, Himachal
Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka and Kerala. Occurrences of magnesite in Tamil Nadu are low in
lime and high in silica, whereas those of Uttarakhand are high in lime and low in silica.
Manganese ore: The total resources of manganese ore in the country as on 1.04.2013 are placed at 584
million tonnes as per UNFC system. Out of these, 204 million tonnes are reserves category and the
balance about 380 million tonnes are in the remaining resources category. Grade-wise, ferro-manganese
grade accounts for 5%, medium grade 8%, BF grade 26% and the remaining 61% are of mixed, low,
others, unclassified, and not known grades including 0.24 million tonnes of battery/chemical grade. Statewise, Odisha tops the total resources with 36% share followed by Madhya Pradesh 27%, Karnataka 16%,
Maharashtra & Goa (6% each), Andhra Pradesh 3% and Jharkhand (2%). Rajasthan, Gujarat and West
Bengal together shared the remaining about 4% resources.
Mica: Most important mica-bearing pegmatites occur in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Maharashtra
and Rajasthan. Occurrences of mica pegmatites are also reported from Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka,
Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. As per UNFC, the total resources of mica in the country as
on 1.4.2010 are estimated at 532,237 tonnes out of which 190,741 tonnes are placed under reserves
category and 341,496 tonnes under remaining resources category. Andhra Pradesh leads with 41% share
in country's total resources followed by Rajasthan (21%), Odisha (20%), Maharashtra (15%), Bihar (2%)
and balance (less than 1%) in Jharkhand.
Quartz & silica minerals: As per the UNFC system as on 1.4.2010, the total resources of quartz and
silica sand in the country are estimated at 3,499 million tonnes out of which 12% i.e. 429 million tonnes
are placed under reserves category, while 88% i.e. 3,070 million tonnes are placed under remaining
resources category. Resources by grades reflect foundry & moulding grade as 19%, glass grade 14%,
ceramic & pottery grade 11% and ferrosilicon grade as 5%. The unclassified, others, sodium silicate and
not-known grades account for about 51% of the total resources. Haryana alone accounts for about 52%
resources, followed by Rajasthan (9.5%), Tamil Nadu (6.5%), Andhra Pradesh (6%), Maharashtra (5%),
Jharkhand (4.5%) and Karnataka and Gujarat (3% each).
Rock Phosphate: The total resources of rock phosphate as per UNFC system as on 1.4.2013 are placed at
314.51 million tonnes. Out of these, the reserves constitute only 65.39 million tonnes. There are 249.12
million tonnes remaining resources. Of the total resources, 34% are in Jharkhand, 31% in Rajasthan, 18%
in Madhya Pradesh and 8% each in Uttar Pradesh & Uttarakhand. Meagre resources are located in Gujarat
and Meghalaya. Grade wise, low grade account for 38%, followed by beneficiable (27%), blendable &
soil reclamation (11% each), chemical fertilizer (7%) and unclassified and not-known grades (about 6%).
30

Talc/steatite/soapstone: As per the UNFC system, the total reserves/resources of talc/steatite/soapstone

as on 1.4.2010 is estimated at 269 million tonnes of which reserves and remaining resources are 90
million tonnes and 179 million tonnes, respectively. Substantial quantities of resources are established in
Rajasthan (49%) and Uttarakhand (29%). The remaining 22% resources are in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar,
Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Sikkim and
Tamil Nadu. By grades, Paper & Textile grade accounts for about 22% share in total resources followed
by insecticides (19%) and cosmetics (13%). Resources of ceramic and paint grades are negligible. Others,
Unclassified and Not-known grades account for about 45% Resources.
Tin: Tin occurs in primary as well as secondary (alluvial or placer) forms. Occurrences of tin in primary
as well as secondary forms have been reported from Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh,
Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Odisha, Rajasthan and West Bengal. However, the only workable
economic deposits in the form of alluvial or placer deposits occur in Bastar and Dantewada districts of
Chhattisgarh. Tin in primary form as disseminations in the gneisses and schists of Koraput district,
Odisha is another source of economic importance.
The total resources of tin ore in the country as per UNFC system, as on 1.4.2013 are placed at
83.73 million tonnes containing about 102,275 tonnes of metal. About 6,973 tonnes ore containing
1,181tonnes of metal are placed under 'reserves' category and the bulk i.e. about 83.72 million tonnes
containing about 101,093 tonnes metal are placed under 'remaining resources' category. The entire ore
reserves are located in Chhattisgarh. About, 64% of total ore resources are located in Haryana and 36% in
Chhattisgarh, while nominal resources are estimated in Odisha.
Tungsten: The total resources of tungsten ore in the country, as per UNFC system, as on 1.4.2013 has
been estimated at 87.39 million tonnes with WO3 content of 1,42,094 tonnes. All these resources are
placed under 'remaining resources' category.
Resources of Tungsten bearing minerals are mainly distributed in Karnataka (42%), Rajasthan
(27%), Andhra Pradesh (17%) and Maharashtra (9%). The remaining 5% resources are in Haryana, Tamil
Nadu, Uttarakhand and West Bengal.
At Degana, Rajasthan, WO3 value in vein deposits varies from 0.25 to 0.54% while in gravel
deposit, it is on an average of 0.04%. In Sirohi deposit, Rajasthan, WO3 content ranges from 0.02 to 2.2%.
In West Bengal, Bankura deposit contains an average of 0.1% WO3. In Kuhi-Khobana-Agargaon belt,
GSI has identified seven mineralised zones in Sakoli basin in Bhandara and Nagpur districts,
Maharashtra. The analysis showed 0.01 to 0.19% WO3 in Kuhi block, 0.13 to 0.38% WO3 in Khobana
block and 0.48% WO3 in Pardi-Dahegaon-Pipalgaon block. The deposit contains an average of 0.17%

31

WO3. Gold ore at Mysore mine of BGML in Karnataka has been reckoned as a potential source of
scheelite. The tailing dumps at Kolar Gold Fields contain about 0.035 to 0.18% WO3.
Other Minerals: Other minerals occurring in significant quantities in India are bentonite (Rajasthan,
Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Jharkhand and Jammu & Kashmir), corundum (Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Chhattisgarh), calcite (Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil
Nadu, Haryana, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat), Fullers Earth (Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh,
Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka), garnet (Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Andhra
Pradesh, Rajasthan and Kerala), pyrites (Bihar, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, West Bengal
and Andhra Pradesh), wollastonite (Rajasthan and Gujarat) and zircon (beach sands of Kerala, Tamil
Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa). Besides, the country has vast marble, slate and sandstone deposits.
Granite is mainly mined in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan; marble in
Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh; slate in Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh; and sandstone in
Rajasthan.
10.0

DISTRIBUTION OF MINING LEASES IN COUNTRY

India is well-endowed with a wide variety of naturally occurring minerals. These are being

exploited to cater to the needs of domestic mineral-based industries as well as to meet export demands to
earn foreign exchange. Today, as many as 64 minerals (excluding coal, atomic and some minor minerals)
are being exploited in the country.
India has a total geographical area of 328.73 million hectares. Of this, the mining lease area
(excluding for fuel, atomic and minor minerals) constitutes around 0.14%. As per directory of Mining
leases as on 31.03.2014, there were as many as 10,982 mining leases in the country covering 64 minerals
(excluding fuel, atomic and minor minerals) with a total area of 454,706 hectares spreading over 24
States. Out of the total mining leases in the country, 441 (4%) mining leases are in Public Sector,
extending over an area of about 1,26,862.19 hectares (28%). The remaining 10,541 (96%) mining leases
with an area of about 3,27,843.96 hectares (72%) are in Private Sector.
10.1

State wise analysis

As per the Lease Directory as on 31.3.2014, there were 10,982 mining leases granted by State

Governments for 64 different minerals, covering an area of 4,54,706 hectares in the country. The state in
which maximum number of mining leases as on 31.03.2.14 exist were Rajasthan (30.10%) followed by
Andhra Pradesh (14.28%), Gujarat (10.02%), Madhya Pradesh (9.11%), Tamil Nadu (8.48%), Karnataka
(4.96%), Telengana (4.28%), Odisha (4.20%), Chhattisgarh (2.73%), Jharkhand (2.57%), Goa (2.43%)
and Maharashtra (2.37%). These twelve States together account for about 95.53% of the total leases
32

executed and the remaining twelve States where such leases were executed accounted for about 4.47% of
the total mining leases.
The maximum area in percentage covered under mining leases in different States were Rajasthan
(18.50%) followed by Odisha (16.18%), Karnataka (10.48%), Andhra Pradesh (10.28%), Madhya
Pradesh (7.23%), Jharkhand (6.67%), Gujarat (6.52%), Chhattisgarh (4.85%), Goa (4.37%), Maharashtra
(3.40%), Telengana (3.24%), Haryana (2.41%) and Tamil Nadu (2.15%). These thirteen States account
for about 96.30% of the total mining lease area granted and the remaining 3.70% is accounted for by the
rest eleven States.
The State wise no. of mining lease with lease areas as on 31.03.2014 is furnished in Annexure VI (A).
10.2

Mineral wise analysis

There are 64 naturally occurring minerals (excluding for fuel, atomic and minor minerals) for

which mining leases exists in the country. The number of leases for minerals specified in schedule I to
MMDR Act 1957 (prior to MMDR amendment Act 2015) were 1,403 or 13% of the total mining leases
accounting for an area of about 1,67,944.57 hectares which is 37% of the total mining area in the
country. Out of these, the total number of mining leases of iron ore is placed at (664) followed by Bauxite
(339), Manganese ore (308), Chromite (34), Gold ore (16), Copper ore (14) and Lead & Zinc (12)
covering together area of 1,66,470.47 hectares. Asbestos and precious stone (Diamond, Ruby and
Saphire) accounted for 16 mining lease with an area of 1,474.1 hectares.
There are 9,579 (87% of the total) mining leases for minerals other than specified in schedule I to
MMDR Act 1957 (prior to MMDR amendment Act 2015) covering an area of about 2,86,761 hectares
which is 63% of the total lease area.
The Mineral wise no. of mining lease with lease areas as on 31.03.2014 is furnished in Annexure VI
(B).
Area-wise distribution of Mining Leases all over India pertaining to all minerals excluding fuel,
atomic and minor minerals is given in following Table.

33

Area Wise Distribution of Mining Lease* as on 31/03/2014 (All India)

Frequency Group
Number of Mining % of Total
Area
% of Total
(Area in Hect.)
Leases
Leases
(in Hects)
Area
All Groups
10982
100%
455706.15
100%
0 to 10
7411
67%
29996.98
7%
10 to 20
949
9%
13872.22
3%
20 to 50
1098
10%
35595.39
8%
50 to 100
718
7%
53203.79
12%
100 to 200
363
3%
50438.05
11%
200 to 500
257
2%
81573.53
18%
Above 500
186
2%
190026.19
42%
* Excluding fuel, atomic & minor minerals
11.0

MINERAL PRODUCTION

Mineral Production
During 2014-15, Mineral production was reported from 33 States/Union Territories (actual
reporting of MCDR & fuel minerals from 23 states and estimation of minor minerals for all 32
States/Union Territories) of which the bulk of value of mineral production of about 94.18% was confined
to 13 States (including off shore areas) only. Offshore areas are in leading position, in terms of estimated
value of mineral production in the country and had the share of 20.27% in the national output. Next in
order was Rajasthan with a share of 11.49% followed by Gujarat (8.85%), Andhra Pradesh (8.25%),
Chhattisgarh (7.48%), Jharkhand (7.37%), Odisha (6.38%), Maharashtra (5.35%), Madhya Pradesh
(4.70%), West Bengal (4.32%), Assam (4.04%), Karnataka (2.96%) and Uttar Pradesh (2.72%) in the
total value of mineral production. Remaining States and Union Territories having individual share of less
than 2.5% all together accounted for remaining of total value during the year under review.
State-wise analysis revealed that during 2014-15, the value of mineral production have shown a
mixed trend as compared to that in the previous year. The states which have indicated an increase in the
value of mineral production are Tripura (14.3%), Karnataka (1.6%), Bihar (6.6%), Himachal Pradesh
(16.5%), Meghalaya (61.6%), Uttar Pradesh (0.8%) and Chhattisgarh (0.7%). However, some of the
principal mineral producing states revealed decrease in value of mineral production and those include
Odisha (25.8%), Arunachal Pradesh (18.3%), Andhra Pradesh (8.8%), Tamil Nadu (8.4%), Jharkhand
(4.6%), Assam (3.4%), Madhya Pradesh (3.3%), Gujarat (3.2%), West Bengal (2.8%), Rajasthan (2.3%),
Maharashtra (1.7%), Goa (1.0%), Jammu & Kashmir (0.7%) and Off-shore (0.3%).
During 2013-14, the Public Sector continued to play a dominant role in mineral production
accounting for 67.91% or Rs. 1,53,250 crore in the total value. Small mines, which were mostly in the
private sector, continued to be operated manually either as proprietary or partnership ventures. The
minerals which were wholly mined / recovered by the public/joint sector in 2013-14 were Copper ore and
34

concentrate, Diamond, Dunite, Fluorite (graded), Selenite and Sulphur. By and large, almost the entire
production of Sand (others), Lignite and Gypsum was from Public Sector. In 2013-14, the Public Sector
accounted for sizeable 84% production of coal, 95% of Tin concentrate, 68% of Petroleum (crude), 99%
of Gold, 87% of Phosphorite and 58% of Magnesite.
11.1

Metallic Minerals
The value of metallic minerals in 2013-14 at Rs. 42,654 crore decreased by about 1.19% over the

previous year. Among the principal metallic minerals, iron ore contributed Rs. 32,031 crore or 75.10%,
zinc concentrate 2,742 or 6.43%, manganese ore Rs. 1,499 crore or 3.51%, chromite Rs. 2,318 crore or
5.43%, bauxite Rs. 951 crore or 2.23%, copper (concentrate) Rs. 680 crore or 1.59%, silver Rs. 1578
crore or 3.70%, gold Rs. 423 crore or 0.99%, while the remaining was shared by lead concentrate and tin
concentrates. Mineral wise production and value for MCDR minerals during 2009-10 to 2013-14 is given
in Annexure VII.
The production of iron ore at about 152.43 million tonnes in 2013-14 registered an increase of
11.58% over the previous year. About 39% of the total production was shared by Public Sector
Companies like NMDC, SAIL and Orissa Mining Corporation (OMC) etc. The share of Private Sector
was 61% which includes Tata Steel (TISCO). During the year Odisha was the leading producer of Iron
Ore accounting for 50% of the total production followed by Chhattisgarh (20%), Jharkhand (15%),
Karnataka (12%) and remaining (3%) production was reported from Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra and Rajasthan.
The production of copper concentrate was at 139 thousand tonnes in 2013-14 increased by about
12% as compared to the previous year. The average metal content in copper concentrate was 23.11% Cu.
The production of chromite was at 2,853 thousand tonnes in 2013-14 increased by 0.67% as
compared to the previous year. Odisha reported almost entire output of chromite (99.96%) in the country.
Mining of chromite was mostly dominated by six principal producers, namely TATA STEEL, Odisha
Mining Corporation (OMC), Indian Metal & Ferro Alloys Ltd (IMFAL), Ferro Alloys Corporation Ltd
(FACOR), Balasore Alloys Ltd. and Jindal Stainless Limited (JSL). Three public sector companies,
namely OMC, Mysore Mineral Limited (MML) and Industrial Development Corporation of Odisha
Limited (IDCOL) having 4 mines together reported 24 % of the total production and the remaining 76 %
was contributed by private sector mines.
The production of manganese ore at 2,588 thousand tonnes in 2013-14 increased by about 11%
compared to that in the previous year. Manganese Ore India Limited (MOIL) continued to be the largest
producer of manganese ore with a share of 44% of the total production in 2013-14 followed by Tata Steel
35

(13%), Odisha Mines & Mineral Limited (OM&ML) (6%), RBSSDP (6%) & ML Rungta (4%). Of the
total production of manganese ore in 2013-14, Madhya Pradesh contributed 29.82%, Maharashtra
25.66%, Odisha 25.52%, Andhara Pradesh 13.28% and the remaining production was from Karnataka,
Goa, Jharkhand and Rajasthan.
The production of primary gold at 1,564 kg (excluding by-product gold recovery from imported
concentrates) in 2013-14 registered decrease of about 2% as compared to the previous year. Karnataka
was the leading producer of gold accounting for 99.49% of the total production. The remaining
production was reported from Jharkhand.
The production of bauxite at 21.67 million tonnes in 2013-14 increased by 30.43% compared to
the previous year. NALCO, HINDALCO, Bombay Minerals, Prabhu Das Vitthal Das and Utkkal
Alumina Industrial Ltd. are the major companies engaged in the mining of bauxite in the country in 201314.Odisha accounted for 35.24% of the total production of bauxite during 2013-14 followed by Gujarat
32.41%, Jharkhand 10.53% and Maharashtra 9.51%, Chhattisgarh 6.07%, Madhya Pradesh 3.38%. The
remaining production was reported from Goa, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
During 2013-14, the production of lead concentrate at 194 thousand tonnes increased by 5.4%
and that of zinc concentrate at 1,491 thousand tonnes also decreased by 0.1% over the previous year.
Average metal content in lead concentrate was 56.48% Pb and that in zinc concentrate was 51.65% Zn.
Rajasthan accounted for the entire production of lead concentrate and zinc concentrate during 2013-14.
11.2

Non-Metallic Minerals
The value of production of nonmetallic minerals at Rs. 6,924.42 crore during 2013-14 decreased

by 7.24% as compared to the previous year. Limestone retained its leading position by contributing
67.73% of the total value of non-metallic minerals in 2013-14. The other non-metallic minerals in the
order of importance were phosphorite/rock phosphate (6.34%), barytes (5.21%), dolomite (3.72%),
gypsum (2.00%), kaolin (1.67%), garnet (abrasive) (1.38%), ball clay (1.30%), talc/ soapstone/steatite
(1.31%) and Silica Sand (1.25%). The remaining was from other non-metallic minerals. Mineral wise
production and value for MCDR minerals during 2009-10 to 2013-14 is given in Annexure VII.
The production of limestone at 279 million tonnes in 2013-14 decreased by 2.1% as compared to
that in the previous year. As much as 86.95% of the total output in 2013-14 was contributed by seven
principal States; viz, Andhra Pradesh (21.29%), Rajasthan (20.21%), Madhya Pradesh (13.24%), Gujarat
(8.35%),Tamil Nadu (8.60%), Karnataka (7.70%) and Chhattisgarh (7.56%). The remaining 13.05% of
the total production was shared by other limestone producing states. About 49% of total production was
reported by principal producers, namely, Ultra Tech Cement Limited (15%) Jaiprakash Associates
36

Limited (7%), Ambuja Cement and ACC Limited (6% each), Shree Cement Limited (5% each) The India
Cement Limited (4%), Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Ltd. and The Ramco Cement Limited (3% each).
The production of phosphorite/rock phosphate at 1,384 thousand tonnes decreased by 28.70% in
2013-14 as compared to the previous year. The 87% production was from Public Sector. Jhamarkotra
mine of Rajasthan State Mines & Minerals Ltd. (RSMML) alone accounted for 77% of the total
production in India and the entire production of Rajasthan during 2013-14. Madhya Pradesh contributed
the remaining 10.20% of the production.
The production of dolomite at 7,109 thousand tonnes in 2013-14 registered 1.73% decrease as
compared to the preceding year. Steel Authority of India Ltd. is the major producer of dolomite
accounting 15% of total production followed by the Rastriya Ispat Nigam Ltd. 7%, South West Mining
6%, Bisra Stone & lime Co. Ltd. 4% and Commercial Stone Supply Co. 4% during 2013-14. Chhattisgarh
(36.50%), Andhra Pradesh (19.37%), and Odisha (9.25%), Karnataka (9.01%), were the principal
producing States of dolomite. The remaining 25.87% was contributed by five states during the year,
namely, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Jharkhand and Maharashtra.
The production of kaolin in 2013-14 was at 4,753 thousand tonnes increased by 11.60% as
compared to that in the previous year. Nearly 64.82% of total output of kaolin in 2013-14 was reported
from Gujarat followed by Rajasthan (16.96%), by Kerala (14.99%) and West Bengal (1.90%) while
remaining (1.33%) was contributed jointly by Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka and Madhya
Pradesh.
The Production of gypsum at 2,930 thousand tonnes in 2013-14 registered a decrease of 17.62%
as compared to the previous year. By and large, the entire production of gypsum was reported from
Rajasthan (98.81%). The remaining 1.19% was from Jammu & Kashmir, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat. Two
Public Sector Companies namely, RSMML and Fertilizer Corporation of India Ltd. accounted for almost
the entire production.
The production of talc/soapstone/steatite in 2013-14 was at 865 thousand tonnes a decrease by
about 10.95% over the previous year. Rajasthan, the principal State accounted for 82.96% of the total
production in 2013-14. Five principal producers contributed nearly 61% of the total production of steatite.
They are Associated Soapstone Distributing Co. (P) Ltd. (25%), Udaipur Mineral Development Syndicate
(P) Ltd. (24%), Rajasthan Minerals & Company (5%), Ratanlal Deedwaniya (4%), and Katiyar Mining &
Indl. Corpn. (3%).
The production of magnesite was at 195 thousand tonnes during 2013-14 decreased by 13.05% as
compared to the previous year.
37

11.3

Minor Minerals
The value of production of minor minerals was estimated at Rs. 52,490 crore in 2013-14. Andhra

Pradesh with share of 23.5% in the value of minor minerals produced in the country occupied the top
position. Gujarat was at second place had a share of 23.0% in the value of minor minerals. Next in the
order was Maharashtra 14.6%, Rajasthan 12.9%, Uttar Pradesh 7.6%, Kerala 5.9%, Karnataka 3.9%,
Madhya Pradesh 3.7% and Goa 1.6 percent. The contribution of remaining states and UTs was less than
one percent each.
Item-wise analysis revealed that road metals had the largest share of 38.7% to the value of minor
minerals followed by building stone 21.9%, ordinary sand 16.5%, brick-earth 5.2%, marble and gravel
3.1% each, murrum 2.2%, kankar and limestone 2.1% each, quartzite & sand stone 1.5%, ordinary earth
1.3 percent. The individual share of remaining minerals was less than 1.0% which together contributed
2.3 % of value of minor minerals.
12.0

CONSUMPTION OF MINERALS AND MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES

Minerals or ores are the basic raw materials to many important industries like power generation
(thermal), iron & steel, cement, petroleum & natural gas, fertilisers, precious & semi-precious
metals/stones, chemical, electrical & electronics equipment, glass and ceramics etc. Comprehensive
information about minerals and mineral based industries, collected through statutory as well as nonstatutory sources, is depicted in Indian Mineral Yearbook (IMYB), a flagship publication of Indian
Bureau of Mines.
End-use mineral consumption is utilization of minerals for specific industry with particular
reference to the emerging technology and production of mineral based products. To manufacture different
mineral based products, principal chemical constituents and also deleterious and toxic elements are taken
into account, (i.e. same mineral finds it use to manufacture different products according to its grade).
IBM compiles the industrial consumption of ores/minerals reported by consuming units in
organized sectors annually. The collection of data on consumption and other aspects is through
correspondence with about 3500 sources, mostly mineral based industries on statutory/non-statutory
basis. After scrutiny, clarification and analysis of data received, the estimation is made wherever
necessary into the data base and three year consumption data table (industry wise), are generated for
Indian Mineral Yearbook.
In the year 2011, Ministry of mines notified the amended Rule 45 of MCDR, 1988. As per Rule
45, the owner, agent, mining engineer or manager of every mine, or any person engaged in trading or
38

storage or end-use or export of minerals mined in the country, shall cause himself to be registered with
the Indian Bureau of Mines, as per application in Form-M, the status of registration as on 31.08.2013 is as
follows :
Activity
Trader
Exporter
Storage
End-User

No. of Registrations
4782
817
1565
3076

Further, under Rule 45(6), any person or company engaged in trading or storage or end-use or
export of minerals, should submit the Annual and Monthly Return to Indian Bureau of Mines and
concerned State Government as well. Presently, Indian Bureau of Mines has developed and launched
software on IBMs portal to submit the online information in Annual and Monthly Returns.
The consumption of important mineral during 2011-12 to 2013-14 is given in Annexure VIII.
The Consumption pattern in respect of some of the major minerals is summarized as under 12.1

BAUXITE
Bauxite is an essential ore of aluminium metal, as also an industrial mineral finding application in

refractory, cement, chemical and abrasive industries. The country has abundant resources of bauxite to
meet domestic and export demand. Bauxite is mainly consumed in Alumina/aluminium Industry for
extracting aluminium metal i.e about 94% of total bauxite consumed in the country, followed by 4% in
Cement industry, 2% in Refractory and other industries.
12.2

IRON
Iron ore is mainly used for manufacturing of pig iron, sponge iron and steel. It is also used in

cement, coal washeries, ferro-alloys, foundry, vanaspati and glass industries. Almost 98% of the iron ore
consumed in iron & steel industry (including sponge iron). The remaining 2% is consumed in alloy steel;
ferro-alloys, cement etc. Coal washery industry mainly consumes magnetite form of iron ore.
12.3

CHROMITE
The chromite mineral is the only commercial source of chromium. In metallurgy, chromite is

mainly used in the manufacture of ferro-chrome, sillico-chrome, charge-chrome and chromium metal.
Chromium imparts additional strength, hardness and toughness to its alloys. It also shows resistance to
corrosion to steel abrasion, reduces oxidation and flow of electricity.
Chrome ore has wide range of uses in metallurgical, foundry, chemical and refractory industries,
but its demand is primarily driven by the metallurgical industry which consumes about 94% of the
39

chromite ore in the country. In addition to above, chromite in substantial quantities is also consumed in
Foundry (3%), refractory industry (2%) and Chemical (1%).
12.4

MANGANESE ORE
Manganese in alloy form is an essential input in steel making and is one of the most important

metals in an industrial economy, where it is used both in the ore form as such and as ferro-manganese.
Manganese improves strength, toughness, hardness and workability of steel. Manganese dioxide is used
for manufacturing dry cell batteries in which it functions as a depolariser of hydrogen. In chemical
industry, generally high-grade material is used for potassium permanganate. Manganese ores of major
commercial importance are: pyrolusite, psilomelane, Manganite and braunite.
About 94% ore is consumed by alloys industries 64% in Silico-manganese & 30% in ferroManganese. The iron & steel industry consumes about 6% of managense. The remaining was shared by
battery, chemical, zinc smelter, alloy steel and glass industries
12.5

ROCK PHOSPHATE
Phosphate rock is used primarily as a plant nutrient, either by direct application to the soil as a

powdered product or in the manufacture of superphosphate, triple superphosphate, or diammonium

phosphate (DAP) fertilizers. Elemental phosphorus and phosphoric chemicals derived from phosphate
rock are also used in detergents, insecticides, matches, fireworks, military smoke screens, incendiary
bombs.
About 95% of the Apatite and Rock Phosphate is consumed in the fertilizer industry, as it is the
main source of phosphate nutrients for plants. The remaining consumption of apatite and Rock phosphate
is in chemical, glass, sugar and iron & steel industry, which is meager.
12.6

DOLOMITE
The rock containing 40-45% MgCO3 is usually called dolomite. It is grouped under flux and

construction minerals and is important for iron & steel and ferro-alloys industries.
Dolomite is consumed by iron & steel, ferro-alloys, fertilizer, glass, alloy steel and other
industries. Iron & steel industry was the major consumer of dolomite accounting more than 80%,
followed by sponge iron (about 8%) and cement & ferro-alloys (about 2% each). The remaining quantity
are consumed by other industries, such as alloy steel, glass, fertilizer, paint, refractory, etc.

40

12.7

MAGNESITE
It is a carbonate of magnesium. The major proportion of magnesite mined is used for conversion

in calcined form which finds many applications. The other industries where raw magnestite is used are
mosaic tiles, electrodes, chemicals and manufacture of magnesium metal. Magnesite is also used in
fertilizers and by food processing industry. It is an important mineral for the manufacture of basic
refractories, which could be largely used in the steel industry.
About 75% consumption was reported for calcination purposes followed by 18% by refractory
purposes (including iron and steel plants). The remaining was consumed by chemical industry, glass
industry, paper etc.
12.8

LIMESTONE
Limestone often contains magnesium carbonate, either as dolomite CaMg(CO3) or magnesite

(MgCO3) mixed with calcite. Cement is the major consuming industry accounted for 93% consumption
followed by iron & Steel industry (4%). The remaining consumption is reported in chemical foundry,
sugar, and paper and glass industry.
13.0

FOREIGN TRADE

13.1

EXPORTS

13.1.1 Ores & Minerals:

The value of exports of Ores & minerals at Rs. 1,78,077 crore in the year 2014-15 registered an
decrease of 8.58% as compared to that of about Rs. 1,94,783 crore in the previous year. Diamond (Total)
continued to be the largest constituent item with a share of 83.17% i.e Rs. 1,48,102 in the total value of
mineral exports in 2014-15. Next in the order of share was granite with a contribution of 5.52% followed
by alumina (1.85%) and Iron ore (1.80%). The individual share of remaining minerals in the total value
of exports of ores and minerals from India during the year under review was less than 1%. The value of
exports showed a mixed trend for most of the minerals in 2014-15 as compared to that in the previous
year.
The quantity of exports of other minerals which showed a significant increased are Asbestos,
bauxite, graphite, ball clay, feldspar, lead ores & conc., alumina, diatomite, vermiculite, limestone,
dolomite, etc and decreased are iron ore, coal (excluding lignite), barytes, coke, chromite, manganese ore,
rock phosphate, Zinc ores & Concentrates, Silica sand, copper ores & conc., fluorspar, etc as compared to
that in the previous year. The exports of ores & minerals during 2010-11 to 2014-15 are given as
Annexure IX (A)
41

13.1.2 Metals & Alloys:

The value of exports of metals & alloys at Rs. 1,67,120 crore in the year 2014-15 registered an
increase of 9.12% as compared to that of Rs. 1,53,156 crore in the previous year. Iron & steel with a share
of 52.01% continued to hold the top position in the total value of metals exported from India in 2014-15.
Copper & alloys (including brass and bronze) is at second place and accounted for 12.31%. Aluminum
alloys including scrap occupied the third place with contribution of 10.40%, followed by Gold (nonmonetary & monetary) at fourth place with a contribution of 10.30%, ferro-alloy at fifth place with a
contribution of 5.97%, nickel & alloys at sixth position with contribution of 3.30%, zinc & alloys
including scrap at seventh position with contribution of 2.25% and precious metals at eighth position with
contribution of 1.50%. The individual share of other remaining metals and alloys was less than one per
cent. As compared to the previous year, the value of exports for different important metals had shown a
mixed trend in 2014-15 over previous year.
The quantity of export of metals & alloys that have shown significant increased are copper &
alloys including scrap, aluminium & alloys including scrap, nickel & alloys, chromium & alloys, zinc &
alloys, titanium & alloys, etc and decreased are pig & cast iron, tin & alloys including scrap, tungsten &
alloys, silver, manganese & alloys, platinum & alloys, magnesium & scrap, etc as compared to that in the
previous year. The exports of metals & alloys during 2010-11 to 2014-15 are given as Annexure IX (B)
13.2

IMPORTS

13.2.1 Ores and Minerals:

The total value of imports of ores & minerals at Rs. 10,71,689 crore in the year 2014-15
registered an decrease of 11.86% as compared to that of about Rs. 12,15,827 crore in the previous year.
Petroleum (crude) continued to be the largest constituent item with a share of 66.19% in the total value of
mineral imports in 2014-15. Next in order of importance was diamond with a share of 11.68% followed
by coal (excluding lignite) with the contribution of 9.75%, natural gas 5.26%, copper ores & concentrates
2.66%. The individual share of other remaining ores & minerals was less than one per cent.
The quantity of export of ores & minerals that have shown increased are preciuos metal, precious
& semi-precious Stones, coal, iron ore, emerald, manganese ore, tungsten ores & conc., asbestos, bauxite,
gypsum, bentonite, feldspar, wollastonite, vermiculite, magnesite, etc during the year 2014-15 as
compared to that in the previous year. However, the quantity of imports have decreased for copper ores &
conc., coke, alumina, dolomite, titanium ores & conc., silica sand, diatomite, chalk, fire clay etc. during
the year 2014-15 as compared to that in the previous year. The imports of ores & minerals during 2010-11
to 2014-15 are given as Annexure X (A)
42

13.2.2 Metals & Alloys:

The value of imports of metals & alloys at Rs. 4,01,259 crore showed an increase of 24.86% in
2014-15 as compared to Rs. 3,21,356 crore in the previous year. Gold, non-monetary & monetary (total)
with a share of about 52.50% continued to occupy the top position in the total value of imports of metals
& alloys in 2014-15. Iron & steel was at second place and accounted a share of 23.44%, followed by
Silver occupied the third place with a share of 6.90%, Aluminium and alloys (including scrap) occupied
the fourth place with a share of 5.70%, Copper & alloys (including brass & branze) occupied the fifth
place with a share of 4.9%, Nickel and alloys (including scrap) occupied the sixth place with a share of
2.12% and ferro-alloy occupied the seventh position with a share of 1.19%. The individual share of
remaining metals & alloys was less than one per cent of the total value of metals & alloys of imports.
During the year 2014-15, the quantity of imports of metals and alloys which have shown
increased are gold (non-monetory & monetory), iron & steel, nickel & alloys including scrap, ferroalloys, zinc & alloys including scrap, titanium & alloys, etc as compared to the previous year and On the
other hand, during 2014-15, the quantity of imports of metals and alloys that has shown a decreased are
tin & alloys including scrap, tungsten & alloys including scrap, zirconium & alloys, etc as compared to
the previous year. The imports of metals & alloys during 2010-11 to 2014-15 are given as Annexure X
(B).

****

43

Annexure I
Production of selected Minerals, 2010-11 to 2014-15 (E)
(Value in Rs. crores)

44

(Value in Rs. crores)

45

Annexure - II
Minerals wise no. of reporting mines for MCDR Minerals

Mineral
Bauxite
Chromite
Copper Ore
Copper Conc.
Gold Ore
Gold
Iron Ore
Lead Conc.
Manganese Ore
Tin Conc.
Agate
Apatite
Phosphorite
Asbestos
Ball Clay
Barytes
Calcite
Chalk
Clay (others)
Corundum
Diamond
Diaspore
Dolomite
Dunite
Felspar
Fireclay
Felsite
Fluorite(graded)
Flint Stone
Garnet (abrasive)
Graphite (r.o.m.)
Gypsum
Iolite
Jasper
Kaolin
Kyanite
Sillimanite
Laterite
Limestone
Lime Kankar
Limeshell
Magnesite
Mica (crude)
Ochre
Pyrophyllite

2009-10
197
22
0
4
0
4
320
7
142
5
1
2
7
5
39
11
2
128
18
0
2
0
123
1
72
51
6
3

2010-11
193
21
0
4
0
4
336
6
149
6
1
2
7
5
40
8
4
129
13
0
2
0
136
1
85
60
6
3

66
32
27
1
0
92
4
4
23
565
3
6
8
32
21
33

64
24
30
2
0
81
5
4
23
592
2
6
10
32
30
30
46

2011-12
172
22
0
4
0
4
313
6
155
6
1
2
5
5
57
12
3
128
35
0
2
0
194
1
123
82
3
3
2
67
21
38
2
0
105
3
4
53
719
4
6
11
35
43
34

2012-13
178
25
0
5
0
4
310
8
172
6
1
2
5
5
48
21
8
114
51
2
2
0
197
1
212
74
5
2
2
58
16
37
2
0
145
4
5
69
778
4
6
15
36
39
35

(in numbers)
2013-14(P)
163
26
0
5
0
4
298
8
153
6
1
2
3
4
49
21
6
103
54
0
2
0
173
1
234
52
3
2
2
67
11
39
2
0
158
3
5
61
717
2
6
14
38
38
37

Mineral
Pyroxenite
Quartz
Quartzite
Silica Sand
Moulding Sand
Sand (others)
Salt (rock)
Shale
Slate
Steatite
Selenite
Vermiculite
Wollastonite

2009-10
3
92
14
132

2010-11
3
100
13
122

12
1
3
0
126
3
5
2

14
1
2
0
123
3
5
3

2011-12
3
207
24
149
1
11
0
6
0
138
3
5
4

2012-13
4
308
34
170
3
11
0
8
1
141
3
8
3

2013-14(P)
2
251
28
136
5
16
0
10
1
111
2
8
4

(P): Provisional;
Source: MCDR returns.
Note : The Reporting mine is defined as, "a mine reporting production or reporting 'Nil' production during a
year but engaged in developmental work such as overburden removal, underground driving, winzing, sinking
work; exploration by pitting, trenching or drilling as evident from the MCDR Returns".

47

Annexure - III (A)

State wise Average Daily Employment*

State
ANDHRA PRADESH
ASSAM
BIHAR
CHHATTISGARH
GOA
GUJARAT
HARYANA
HIMACHAL PRADESH
JAMMU & KASHMIR
JHARKHAND
KARNATAKA
KERALA
MADHYA PRADESH
MAHARASHTRA
MEGHALAYA
ORISSA
RAJASTHAN
TAMIL NADU
TELANGANA
UTTAR PRADESH
UTTARAKHAND
WEST BENGAL
Total

(in numbers)
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14(P)
10460
12831
7872
110
147
71
257
275
150
10254
11213
10714
7626
5810
3093
6635
8635
7295
0
5
2
711
622
570
111
167
127
12769
11235
9917
13113
10809
10699
2123
2396
2439
14317
12682
11556
4971
5387
5402
588
601
478
32853
33654
31358
14575
15761
18741
6532
7196
7112
2355
941
964
465
1508
1694
595
677
649
444
141131
142733
131455

(P): Provisional; Source: MCDR returns;

* : (excluding fuel, atomic & minor

minerals)

48

Annexure III (B)

Mineral wise Average Daily Employment*
Mineral
Bauxite
Chromite
Copper Conc.
Gold
Iron Ore
Lead Conc.
Manganese Ore
Tin Conc.
Agate
Apatite
Phosphorite
Asbestos
Ball Clay
Barytes
Calcite
Chalk
Clay (others)
Corundum
Diamond
Dolomite
Dunite
Felspar
Fireclay
Felsite
Fluorite(graded)
Flint Stone
Garnet (abrasive)
Garnet (gem)
Graphite (r.o.m.)
Gypsum
Iolite
Kaolin
Kyanite
Sillimanite
Laterite
Limestone
Lime Kankar
Limeshell
Magnesite
Mica (crude)
Ochre
Pyrophyllite
Pyroxenite
Quartz
Quartzite
Silica Sand

(in numbers)
2009-10
2010-11 2011-12
2012-13
2013-14(P)
8178
7851
7684
7410
6668
6735
6862
6845
6761
6097
2611
2712
2774
2898
2892
3210
3150
3100
3204
3361
43557
46183
46752
42645
38228
3859
3408
3980
4665
6814
13806
14117
14587
15550
14396
44
53
47
39
30
3
12
13
9
14
271
195
196
187
125
1236
1554
1408
1163
1285
71
57
44
43
38
363
422
771
527
594
507
617
606
900
932
24
49
44
97
61
1294
1264
1389
1376
1142
179
93
279
461
588
0
0
0
35
0
167
163
167
180
159
2554
3047
3426
3986
3412
3
3
7
5
9
686
793
973
1987
2168
548
553
906
777
500
41
30
22
40
10
123
113
104
86
60
7
7
6
4091
3484
3507
3269
3299
0
0
0
0
0
454
313
316
346
180
294
323
334
375
389
221
214
107
32
40
2226
2078
2347
2818
2431
115
127
56
55
38
2066
1790
1683
1767
2026
379
300
625
971
884
21006
20031
23138
22615
21133
29
21
31
20
15
369
361
517
568
547
899
899
777
964
800
403
405
389
451
440
287
402
454
509
384
1200
1324
1277
1610
1172
129
127
155
200
29
751
1075
2007
3113
2464
285
226
562
830
591
2392
2191
2358
2902
1878
49

Mineral
Moulding Sand
Salt (rock)
Shale
Slate
Steatite
Selenite
Vermiculite
Wollastonite

2009-10
24
13
0
3731
26
69
325

2010-11
22
5
0
3748
33
75
540

(P): Provisional; Source: MCDR returns

* : (excluding fuel, atomic & minor minerals)

50

2011-12
7
0
28
0
3894
36
88
506

2012-13
2013-14(P)
22
35
0
0
32
52
5
2
3685
2526
30
11
73
103
433
397

Annexure-IV (A)
Contribution and Rank of India in World Production of Principal Minerals & Metals, 2013
Commodity

Fuel minerals
Coal & lignite
Petroleum
Metallic minerals
Bauxite
Chromite
Iron ore
Manganese ore
Industrial minerals
Barytes
Kyanite, Andalusite/
sillimanite
Magnesite
Apatite & rock phosphate
Talc/steatite/pyrophyllite
Mica (crude)
Metals
Aluminum
Copper (refined)
Steel (crude/liquid)
Lead (refined)
Zinc (slab)

Unit of
quantity

Million tonnes
Million tonnes

Indias rank
in order of
quantum of
production

Production
Contribution
World
India* (percentage)

7906
4425

612
38

7.7
1

3rd
25th

296000

21666

7.3

5th

28800
3157
52800

2853
152
2588

9.9
4.8
4.9

2nd
4th
6th

000 tonnes
000 tonnes

8400
501#

1137
64

13.5
12.8

2nd
4th

000 tonnes
000 tonnes
000 tonnes
Tonnes

46900
235000
9268
350000

195
1385
1074
1610

0.4
0.6
11.6
0.5

12th
16th
2nd
16th

47100
21000
1607
10500
13200

1667
644
@
81.54
123
766

3.5
3.0
5.1
1.2
5.8

7th
10th
4th
15th
3rd

000 tonnes
000 tonnes
Million tonnes
000 tonnes

000 tonnes
000 tonnes
Million tonnes
000 tonnes
000 tonnes

* Figures relate to 2013-14,

@ JPC bulletin, Kolkota in April, 2014
Source : World Mineral Production, 2009-2013; British Geological Survey.
#: World production for reporting countries.

51

Annexure-IV (B)

Degree of Self-sufficiency in Principal Minerals & Metals, 2013-14(P)

Sl.
No.

Commodity

Minerals
1
Asbestos (chrysotile)
2
Barytes
3
Bauxite
4
Chromite
5
Dolomite
6
Feldspar
7
Fireclay
8
Fluorite
9
Gypsum (Natural)
10
Iron ore
11
Kyanite
12
Limestone & other
calcareous minerals
13
Magnesite
14
Manganese ore
15
Rock phosphate
(including apatite)
16
Sillimanite
17
Silica minerals
18
Sulphur
19
Talc/steatite/pyrophyllite
Metals 3/
20
Aluminium
21
Copper (refined)
22
Lead (primary)
23
Zinc (Ingot)
Ferro-alloys 4/
24
Ferro-chrome
25
Ferro-manganese
26
Ferro-silicon

Demand/Domestic
consumption
(000 tonnes)

Supply/Domestic
supply
(000 tonnes)

Order of selfsufficiency (%)

104
186
12021
2622
6794
497
536
63
5516
107879
3
270518

++
1137
21666
2853
7109
1412
707
3
2930
152433
2
278884 1/

++
100
100
100
100
100
100
5
53
100
66
100

491
4186
4192

195
2588
1385

40
62
33

21
2136
2005
381

62
5272
390 2/
1074

100
100
19
100

2308
638
233
774

1667
644
123
766

72
100
53
99

287
125
42

944
518
90

100
100
100

Note: Even in cases where almost entire domestic demand is satisfied by domestic supplies, some quantities of
certain special quality/types of minerals and metals/ferro-alloys are imported to meet the requirement in
certain specific end-uses.
1 / Excludes production of limestone as a minor mineral, calcite and chalk.
2 / Relates to recovery of by-product sulphur from petroleum refineries.
3 / Apparent demand.
4 / Excludes production in small-scale sector.

52

Annexure - V
MINERAL WISE RESERVES/RESOURCES AS ON 01.04.2010/*2013
Sl.
No

Mineral

Unit

Reserves

I.
1
2

Metallic Minerals (Ferrous Gp.)

Chromite*
000 tonnes
107,221
Iron Ore *
000 tonnes
6,606,562
Haematite

Iron Ore*
Magnetite
Manganese
ore*

Remaining
Resources

Total
Resources

214,530
13,969,145

321,751
20,575,707

Principle states in
terms of incidence of
resources
Odisha 96%
Odisha 35%,
Jharkhand- 25%
Chhattisgarh- 20%
Karnataka 73%,
A.P.- 14%
Odisha 36%,
M.P. 28%,
Karnataka 16%

000 tonnes

34,592

10,712,763

10,747,355

000 tonnes

204,510

379,666

584,176

Metallic Minerals (Non-Ferrous Gp.)

Antimony*
Ore
tonnes
Metal
Bauxite*
000 tonnes
830,195

10,588
174
2,908,856

10,588
174
3,739,051

Copper*
Ore

237,573

1,273,445

1,511,018

2,996.97

9,221.56

12,218.53

102,795

606,248

709,043

2,114.91
10,893.10
0

9,888.89
24,963.00
140.82

12,003.80
35,856.10
140.82

tonnes of
metal content
III.
Precious & Semi-precious Minerals
tonnes
598
1 Corundum*

15.7

15.7

Odisha 90%,
Karnataka 10%

267,219

267,816

984,875
19,324,793

30,876,432
37,638,032

31,861,307
56,962,824

Karnataka 65%,
A.P. 29%
M.P.- 90%
T.N. 59%,
A.P. -34%

14,615,965

480,188,061

494,804,026

71.91
-

568.5
26,121,000
5.86

640.41
26,121,000
5.86

II.
1

Metal
Lead and zinc*
Ore

000 tonnes

000 tonnes

Metal Lead
Metal Zinc
Metal Lead
+Zinc
PGM (Metal)

2
3

Diamond*
Garnet

Gold*
Ore (Primary)

Metal(Primary)
Ore (Placer)
Metal (Placer)

carats
tonnes

53

H.P. 100%
Odisha -53%,
A.P. -16%,
Gujarat 8%
Rajasthan- 54%,
Jharkhand- 20%,
M.P.- 19%

Rajasthan 89%,
A.P.- 3%

Bihar 45%,
Rajasthan 24%,
Karnataka 21%

Sl.
No
5
6
7

IV.
1
2

3
4

Mineral

Unit

Ruby
Kg
Sapphire
Kg
Silver*
Ore
tonnes
Metal
Strategic Minerals
Cobalt (Ore)*
Million
tonnes
Molybdenum *
Ore
tonnes
Contained
MoS2
Nickel (Ore)*
Tin*
Ore
Metal
Titanium
minerals
Tungsten*
Ore
Contained
WO3
Vanadium*
Ore

Million tonnes

Reserves

Remaining
Resources

Total
Resources

236

5,112
450

5,348
450

118,281,065
7,907.97

401,288,894
21,880.38

519,569,959
29,788.35

Rajasthan 88%

44.91

44.91

Odisha 69%,
Jharkhand 20%

19,371,698

19,371,698

T. N. 52%,
M.P. 41%

12,668.37

12,668.37

189

189

Odisha 93%
Haryana 64%,
Chhattisgarh 36%

tonnes

6,973

83,719,193

83,726,166

tonnes

1,181.19
22,030,223

101,093.65
371,965,694

102,274.84
393,995,917

tonnes

87,387,464

87,387,464

142,094.35

142,094.35

24,633,855

24,633,855

tonnes

Contained
V2O5
Fertiliser Minerals
Gypsum
000 tonnes

64,594.01

64594.01

39,096

1,247,402

1,286,498

Apatite*

tonnes

30,792

22,630,348

22,661,140

tonnes

65,391,551

249,119,998

314,511,549

Rock
Phosphate*
Potash

21,816

21,816

Pyrite

1,674,401

1,674,401

Sulphur
000 tonnes
(Native)
Refractory Minerals
Andalusite
000 tonnes

210

210

18,450

18,450

V.
1

VI.
1

Million
tonnes
000 tonnes

Principle states in
terms of incidence of
resources
Odisha 100%
J & K 100%

54

Kerala- 33%,
T.N.- 30%,
A.P. 19%
Karnataka- 42%
Rajasthan- 27%

Karnataka 79%,
Odisha 20%

Rajasthan 82%,
J & K 14%
W. Bengal -54%,
Jharkhand-32%
Jharkhand 34%,
Rajasthan 31%
Rajasthan 94%,
M.P. 5%
Bihar 94 %,
Rajasthan 5%
J & K 100%

Uttar Pradesh -78%,

Jharkhand -22%

Sl.
No

Mineral

Unit

Fire clay

000 tonnes

Graphite*

Kyanite

Magnesite*

000 tonnes

Pyrophyllite

Sillimanite

Reserves

Remaining
Resources

Total
Resources

30,104

683,415

713,519

tonnes

8,468,677

180,204,794

188,673,471

tonnes

1,574,853

101,670,767

103,245,620

20,773

307,339

328,111

tonnes

23,275,451

32,807,451

56,082,902

tonnes

4,085,052

62,902,385

66,987,437

VII . Ceramic and Glass Minerals

Ball clay
tonnes
1

16,777,842

66,615,662

83,393,504

000 tonnes

177,158

2,528,049

2,705,207

44,503,240

87,832,212

132,335,452

429,223

3,069,808

3,499,031

2,487,122

14,082,751

16,569,873

2,510,841

19,655,762

22,166,603

China clay

Feldspar

Quartz/Silica
Sand

000 tonnes

Wollastonite

tonnes

tonnes

VII.
Other Industrial Minerals
Asbestos
tonnes
1
2

Barytes

tonnes

31,584,128

41,149,746

72,733,874

3
4

Borax
Calcite

tonnes
tonnes

2,664,338

74,204
18,281,110

74,204
20,945,448

5
6

Chalk
Diaspore

000 tonnes
tonnes

4,332
2,859,674

585
3,125,144

4,917
5,984,818

Diatomite

000 tonnes

2,885

2,885

8
9

Dolomite*
Dunite

000 tonnes
000 tonnes

783,905
17,137

7,300,667
168,232

8,084,572
185,369

10

Fluorite*

4,573,348

13,614,193

18,187,541

tonnes

55

Principle states in
terms of incidence of
resources
Odisha 24%,
M.P. 17%,
T.N.- 16 %
Arunachal Pradesh 39%,
J & K -33%,
Jharkhand 8%
A.P. -79%,
Karnataka- 13%
Uttarakhand 71%,
Rajasthan 16%
M.P. -56%,
Odisha -22%,
U.P. -10%
T.N. 27%,
Odisha- 20%,
U.P. 17%
A.P. -61%,
Rajasthan 38%
Kerala- 25%,
Rajasthan 16%,
W.B. 16%
Rajasthan -66%,
A.P. 16%
Haryana 52%,
Rajasthan 10%,
T.N. 7%
Rajasthan 88%,
Gujarat 12%
Rajasthan 61%,
Karnataka 37%
A.P. - -94%,
Rajasthan 4%
J & K 100 %
Rajasthan 50 %,
A.P. 42%
Gujarat 100%
M.P. -63%,
U.P. 37%
Rajasthan 72%,
Gujarat 28%
M.P. 28%, A.P.- 15%
T.N. 63%,
Karnataka- 17%
Gujarat 66%,
Rajasthan 29%

Sl.
No

Mineral

Unit

Reserves

Remaining
Resources

Total
Resources

11

Laterite*

000 tonnes

59,898

498,777

558,675

12

Limestone

000 tonnes

14,926,392

170,008,720

184,935,112

13
14

Marl
Mica

tonnes
Kg.

139,976,150
190,741,448

11,704,870
341,495,531

151,681,020
532,236,979

15

Ochre

tonnes

54,942,176

89,319,089

144,261,265

16
17

Perlite
Quartzite

000 tonnes
000 tonnes

428
86,599

1,978
1,164,649

2,406
1,251,248

18
19
20
21

Rock Salt
Shale
Slate
Talc/Steatite/
Soapstone

000 tonnes
000 tonnes
000 tonnes
000 tonnes

16,026
15,331
0
90,026

580
2,369
178,996

16,026
15,911
2,369
269,022

22

Vermiculite

tonnes

1,704,007

803,003

2,507,010

23

Zircon

tonnes

1,347,470

1,786,482

3,133,952

VIII. Minor Minerals

Bentonite
tonnes
1

25,060,508

543,306,838

568,367,346

Fullers Earth

tonnes

58,200

256,593,879

Granite
(Dimension
Stone)

000 cum

263,692

45,966,608

Marble

000 tonnes

276,495

1,654,968

Figures rounded off.

* Reserves/resources as on 1-04-2013

56

Principle states in
terms of incidence of
resources
M.P. 52%,
Rajasthan 22%,
A.P.- 14%
Karnataka- 28%,
A.P.- 20%,
Rajasthan -12%
Gujarat 100%
A.P. 42%,
Rajasthan 21%,
Odisha 20%,
Maharashtra 15%
Rajasthan 81%,
A.P. 8%,
M.P. 7%
Gujarat 100%
Haryana 50%,
Bihar 22%,
Maharashtra &
Punjab- 7%
H.P. 100%
A.P. -100%
A.P. 100 %
Rajasthan -49%,
Uttarakhand 29%,
Maharashtra 6 %
T.N. 75%,
A.P. 14%,
Karnataka 8%
Kerala 88%,
T.N. -7%,
Odisha 5%

Rajasthan 75%, ,
Gujarat - 24%
256,652,079
Rajasthan 74%,
A.P.- 10%,
Arunachal Pradesh- 8%,
Assam- 7%
46,230,300
Karnataka &
Rajasthan 20 %,
Jharkhand -19%,
Gujarat- 18%
1,931,463
Rajasthan 63%,
J & K 23%,
Gujarat &
Chhattisgarh - 5%

Annexure - VI (A)
State Wise Summary of Lease Distribution as on 31/03/2014
State
No. of Leases
Lease area (Hect.)
Andhra Pradesh
1568
46721.54
Assam
7
889.50
Bihar
9
1382.66
Chhattisgarh
300
22070.85
Goa
267
19892.01
Gujarat
1100
29632.55
Himachal Pradesh
44
2542.39
Haryana
110
10974.99
Jammu & Kashmir
57
2450.93
Jharkhand
282
30344.92
Karnataka
545
47653.07
Kerala
91
3077.84
Manipur
1
132.78
Meghalaya
18
606.19
Madhya Pradesh
1001
32882.58
Maharashtra
260
15454.61
Odisha
461
73594.13
Rajasthan
3306
84140.69
Sikkim
3
96.32
Tamil Nadu
931
9765.52
Telangana
470
14748.46
Uttar Pradesh
23
3964.70
Uttarakhand
83
1272.85
West Bengal
45
414.07
Total
10982
454706.15
Source: Information received from respective state Governments

57

Annexure VI (B)
Mineral wise Summary of Lease Distribution as on 31/03/2014
Sl. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46

Minerals
Agate
Amethyst
Apatite
Asbestos
Ball Clay
Barytes
Bauxite
Borax
Calcite
Chalk
China clay
Chromite
Clay (others)
Copper Ore
Corundum
Diamond
Diaspore
Dolomite
Dunite
Epidote
Felsite
Feldspar
Fireclay
Flint Stone
Fluorite
Garnet
Garnet (Gem)
Gold
Graphite
Gypsum
Iolite
Iron ore
Jasper
Kyanite
Laterite
Lead & Zinc ore
Lime Kankar
Limeshell
Limestone
Magnesite
Manganese ore
Marl
Mica
Moulding sand
Ochre
Perlite

No. of Leases
3
4
2
7
88
160
339
1
73
152
489
34
100
14
9
2
11
543
1
1
6
1008
235
2
9
94
3
16
104
107
11
664
2
33
208
12
7
26
1923
34
308
1
244
33
157
1
58

Area (In Hect.)

59.62
10.63
20.17
394.74
1970.37
2442.58
28613.60
159.00
1223.23
628.91
13304.07
8955.19
1191.25
5324.67
68.25
275.96
77.38
7625.84
14.28
5.00
102.29
6099.36
4073.76
11.87
1280.85
1513.53
51.03
9869.36
3510.60
14868.49
104.35
86326.39
10.00
3138.10
2549.59
6997.28
37.18
3748.17
150906.80
1931.57
20383.98
4.90
4417.21
723.51
1939.98
144.88

Sl. No.
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64

Minerals
No. of Leases
Phosphorite
10
Pyrophyllite
94
Pyroxenite
11
Quartz
2427
Quartzite
80
Ruby
6
Sand (others)
44
Sapphire
1
Shale
31
Silica sand
453
Sillimanite
6
Slate
17
Steatite
428
Tin
16
Vermiculite
12
White clay
40
White shale
15
Wollastonite
10
Total
10982
Source: Information received from respective state Governments

59

Area (In Hect.)

2120.90
1231.23
95.39
18336.46
1423.62
130.00
3110.06
673.40
403.34
12461.06
2823.26
627.82
12808.30
324.66
185.53
633.34
77.34
130.67
454706.15

Annexure VII
Minerals-wise Production & value
(Excluding Fuel & Minor Minerals)
(Value in Rs. 000)
Mineral
Bauxite
Chromite
Copper Ore
Copper Conc.
Gold Ore
Gold
Iron Ore
Lead & Zinc Ore
Lead Conc.
Zinc Conc.
Manganese Ore
Silver
Tin Conc.
Agate
Apatite
Phosphorite
Asbestos
Ball Clay
Barytes
Calcite
Chalk
Clay (others)
Corundum
Diamond
Diaspore
Dolomite
Dunite
Felspar
Fireclay
Felsite
Fluorite(graded)
Flint Stone
Garnet (abrasive)
Graphite (r.o.m.)
Gypsum
Iolite
Kaolin
Kyanite
Sillimanite
Laterite
Limestone
Lime Kankar
Limeshell
Magnesite
Marl
Mica (crude)
Mica (waste & Scrap)
Ochre
Pyrophyllite
Pyroxenite
Quartz
Quartzite
Silica Sand
Moulding Sand
Sand (others)
Salt (rock)
Shale
Slate
Steatite
Selenite
Sulphur
Vermiculite
Wollastonite

unit
t
t
t
t
t
kg
'000t
t
t
t
t
kg
kg
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
kg
crt
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
kg
t
t
t
t
'000t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t

2009-10
Qty
Value
14124093
4887897
3425580
10453620
3271169
0
124577
3809462
517520
0
2084
3425814
218553
264620052
7101872
0
133921
1765874
1279880
13058419
2491950
11905233
138780
3388694
59016
22895
11
6
5992
12911
1605489
3103095
243
12268
932993
218174
2152552
2601842
49309
16980
185218
71087
1056273
71294
6600
20
16891
116279
25569
27422
5911759
1672224
71642
19281
496997
98648
548748
89680
3049
2464
105232
81558

2010-11
Qty
Value
12722820
5122151
4325699
25964208
3601984
0
136856
4733515
741522
0
2399
4345197
207157
396141714
7539999
0
147625
2000435
1427231
17930226
3056385
14684000
148303
5438695
60643
27799
19
10
3846
8345
2097490
5014699
268
13341
1086714
390238
2338806
2698279
38826
14104
177197
65799
730752
70342
0
0
11222
106776
26082
32003
5839710
1870047
23716
6879
546472
154676
856741
136668
1670
2420
59954
50147

1580617
124625
3370322
758
2798340
5495
33687
1300772
232950
335067
62215
301070
5908226
1061
8098
1258207
240747
279332
512320
112652
2545988

763377
53830
1004631
40862
676728
5812
258779
177376
32477596
58754
50917
435118
381599
39940
0
226881
60425
152371
94043
37377
408559

2126337
115697
4918170
4
2727946
5954
48784
1220304
246336
383817
30410
235762
4399379
1333
7311
1218261
240082
253205
497546
118117
3380968

1274864
50380
1475454
40
737101
6291
407406
147948
36349567
84903
32159
378217
307556
44505
0
240374
83123
126179
112108
45750
444684

2159405
1836
3033948
0
876548
14598
263124
11662
132385

101399
4908
89288
0
713708
12408
0
7653
111930

2057119
1200
3081622
0
902686
6736
236998
19234
183381

109682
2971
103993
0
618286
5726
0
13132
145958

(P): Provisional; Source: MCDR returns

60

2011-12
Qty
Value
13599566
6126011
2923435
24244988
3479189
0
130456
5385751
491562
0
2194
5311592
168582
383570264
8041881
0
161854
2454497
1414009
19862214
2411871
11777000
207144
11561772
48765
26062
476
238
3053
6459
2259726
7496300
276
13347
1646516
693714
1776980
1685965
54081
20835
178736
70458
1417684
128017
37000
130
18490
198240
23818
35654
5968554
1737037
38774
25450
835526
255408
983155
158016
1117
2590
5010
12270
708
172
1717904
981625
153339
69449
3978806
1686042
0
0
3076795
652368
4064
4802
59206
522737
2815275
395548
262882
40855418
311219
59469
33225
40788
224104
354977
4140577
272904
1899
68670
14186
0
1576265
276937
255891
139510
86031
33113
782575
173890
272141
139207
4867667
714062
30
5
2625111
162965
0
0
3439775
139066
0
0
998438
878590
13047
16105
381146
0
10194
7085
184445
159974

2012-13
Qty
Value
16611610
7994557
2833895
22627633
3635751
0
123654
6288969
502831
0
1588
5172517
136618
328244402
8633411
0
184486
3300883
1492781
23948683
2342169
12836200
374046
21234214
47774
24962
493
247
572
1208
1941158
6807233
389
17057
1750559
780732
1789431
5314116
74488
27309
175516
88301
2680726
353628
5000
75
31988
366471
16222
25742
7233958
2618906
88274
92841
1459008
428633
999925
182739
1266
909
3092
13818
633
192
768248
924683
134735
84133
3556723
1699808
0
0
4258697
1157392
1048
1248
43736
352062
4121192
702753
285030
47973173
192426
43564
24044
41930
224315
459178
4337009
269366
1256
39963
16255
0
1833783
582998
247968
156004
58562
17980
1384155
341129
501399
276777
4303883
1002046
3118
564
2638424
201821
0
0
3067718
165924
278
263
971778
888390
7577
10226
449004
0
7947
5010
145667
127468

2013-14(P)
Qty
Value
21666011
9513943
2852854
23175932
3777764
0
139306
6798108
420777
0
1564
4225315
152433
320314998
9252137
0
194426
4303052
1490662
27421597
2588313
14985417
349774
15778713
34851
22661
100
50
1300
2768
1383998
4389012
227
8823
1874049
902647
1136814
3604933
92146
33625
126431
64885
2360871
407713
0
0
37515
614084
14781
29360
7108696
2576921
65098
97197
1412518
415317
706639
159859
549
449
2486
11646
459
92
457626
958821
146009
81651
2929912
1385538
0
0
4752643
1159135
1922
5720
61597
373488
3491510
651694
278725
46899573
140088
28481
18786
34905
195105
397612
3254162
264834
1610
46226
17545
0
1554680
482810
208454
151089
2985
806
1395452
345695
529988
301094
3346114
864066
29961
3525
2552918
253458
0
0
2990579
162793
339
319
865126
905216
532
708
390325
0
10176
8518
192642
157047

Annexure - VIII

Consumption of Important Minerals, 2011-12 to 2013-14

Mineral/ Commodity
2011-12(R)
2012-13(R)
Apatite & Rock Phosphate
4133400
4087000
Asbestos
104200
104200
Ball clay
579600
585000
Barytes
194500
186200
Bauxite
10367400
11989400
Bentonite
123600
73400
Borax
23700
22800
Calcite
81000
98200
Chromite
2584100
2603300
Coal (In Million Tonnes)**
535.29
569.76
Diaspore
23800
20800
Dolomite
6554200
6786000
Dunite
41700
38800
Felspar
460300
481600
Fireclay
516400
493600
Flourspar
61700
62900
Garnet
1289500
773805
Graphite
45700
52900
Gypsum
8626300
9274200
Ilmenite*
190500
191800
Iron ore
100572400
103588300
Kaolin (China clay)
1488100
1490400
Limestone
226568100
239642700
Magnesite
529800
490100
Manganese ore
4005600
4177300
Ochre
975900
1255100
Other calcareous Materials
28805500
31003100
Potash
1421400
1316200
Pyrophyllite
12600
13300
Quartz/Silica Sand
1873000
1713500
Quartzite
255400
293300
Rutile*
24900
26100
Sillimanite
14000
19600
Steatite/S.stone
368800
368400
Sulphur
1774100
1960500
Vermiculite
3800
1600
Wollastonite
102990
140300
Zircon*
12135
9210
(P) Provisional, (e) Estimated, (R') Revised
* Department of Atomic Energy, Mumbai
** Dispatches from Coal Directory of corresponding years

61

(In Tonnes)
2013-14 (P)
4192000
104200
582500
186200
12020600(e)
79700
22900
127700
2621600(e)
569.76
20400
6794300
48000
496600
536400
62600
773805
52800
8732500
191500
107879300
1489300
239578000
491000
4185800
1650700
30940000
1310800
13300
1770800
318100
26000
21100
368100
2005200(e)
1600
187300
9210

Annexure IX (A)
Exports of Ores & Minerals 2010-11 to 2014-15
(Value in Rs.'000)
2010-11
Unit
All Minerals
Abrasive (Natural)
Alabaster
Alumina
Andalusite
Antimony Ores & Conc.
Arsenic Sulphide (Natural)
Asbestos
Ball Clay
Barytes
Bauxite
Bentonite
Borax
Building And Monumental Stones Nes
Calcite
Chalk
Chromite
Clay (Others)
Coal(Ex Lignite)
Coal,Gas Water Etc.(Except Gaseous Hydrocarbons)
Coal:Lignite
Cobolt Ores & Conc.
Coke
Copper Ores & Conc.
Corundum (Natural)
Diamond
Diatomite
Dolomite
Earth Clay
Emerald (Cut & Uncut)
Felspar (Cut & Uncut)
Felspar (Natural)
Fire Clay
Flint
Fluorspar
Garnet( Cut And Uncut)
Garnet(Abrasive)
Granite

Qty
**

Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Tht
Ton
Tht
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton

Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton

160639
74
2660432
40
....
....
231
19611
866236
116066
637692
1354
1270142
1373
688
172864
52526
4272
++
++
51
728365
19701
412
**
4647
26801
2195
**
**
351266
8624
1688
390
**
228663
4500060

Value
1743703991
1185000
329
41867818
96
....
....
1154
63288
3146360
295202
1801785
53056
4364630
6137
2496
2860566
241610
11519939
22
9179
3741
11645428
1390065
2527
1343533791
39672
65184
12667
3634975
12842
1187874
22563
6320
4293
18450
1726150
55933193

2011-12
Qty

Value
1753095005
502710
49
16437230
....
....
145
2862
62387
5406455
922326
2699338
85280
6311353
14860
3432
4888205
126294
5869603
365
14583
....
11487428
80
....
1342392353
230620
111825
68972
5447525
58669
1518048
30881
2962
10939
42540
3500974
63815357

**
49356
1
886412
....
....
++
266
18037
1036798
401027
1033552
1765
1630292
3240
759
225084
16811
2025
59
1
....
611517
20
....
**
26886
40254
4498
**
**
394277
9622
968
484
**
428716
4605078

62

2012-13(R )
Qty
**
41323
....
927800
....
....
....
78
29497
1740203
4197804
1114907
2489
1540625
2169
675
196435
22019
2511
83
37
12
1137549
30
....
**
40608
29007
13949
**
**
401422
36148
717
1195
**
505281
6061302

Value
1601012597
434150
....
18834156
....
....
....
727
131329
11920378
6752047
3160993
122747
5806657
18839
4198
3107577
179317
8987175
814
322476
7661
5649295
3355
32
1266553169
335483
133290
57455
26787394
42423
1890429
58678
2883
22216
49812
5108666
79415582

2013-14(P)
Qty
**
16023
....
1294651
5
++
....
96
35694
1067755
3492546
1225568
1623
1686357
23222
418
195125
19604
2188
9
1
253
150636
38912
....
**
58265
32511
7115
**
**
437144
2100
2524
876
**
480774
6802309

Value
1947835200
242884
....
25423465
244
8
....
487
158847
8699416
6736456
3860451
125007
6268602
187542
3860
3468440
172389
10843195
891
55575
47733
1478657
3349917
....
1581348137
521672
125328
35053
21570148
22694
2234475
16879
18156
16549
39395
6060269
98685772

2014-15(P)
Qty
**
31901
21
1561612
4
....
....
393
57557
651571
6808588
1300083
2655
2519512
30768
490
25361
25515
1220
32
1
++
98043
1
....
**
87845
44620
8915
**
**
589820
2503
484
561
**
448559
6563271

Value
1780766348
516071
140
32974205
127
....
....
12026
194269
4525674
14050662
3999734
164699
7771235
192309
2978
659259
217300
7112051
7820
13882
4
1090634
10
....
1481024677
778088
156629
60466
15945392
26488
2876166
16318
3991
20763
31070
5673827
98322398

Graphite(Natural)
Gypsum
Iron Ore
Kaolin
Kieselguhr
Kyanite
Lead Ores & Conc.
Limestone
Magnesite
Manganese Ore
Marble
Mica
Molybdenum Ores & Conc.
Natural Gas
Nickel Ores & Conc.
Niobium Or Tantalum Ores & Conc.
Ochre
Other Minerals Nes
Petroleum (Crude)
Precious & Semi-Precious Stones (Cut & Uncut):
Preciuos Metal Ores & Concentrates
Quartz And Quartzite
Rock Phosphate
Salt ( Other Than Common Salt)
Sand (Excl. Metal Bearing)
Sandstone
Silica Sand
Sillimanite
Slate
Steatite
Sulphur (Exc. Sublimed Precipited & Colloidal)
Tin Ores & Conc.
Titanium Ores & Conc.
Tripoli Earth
Tungsten Ores & Conc.
Vanadium Ores & Conc.
Vermiculite
Witherite
Wollastonite
Zinc Ores & Conc.
Zirconium Ores & Conc.

Ton
Ton
Tht
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Tht
Kg
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton

1205
100918
46890
112016
52
3
39195
1034830
11052
98979
521723
126554
939
27244
....
25
9275
127162
++
**
66026
211253
712
1854898
18218
304138
12451
2202
117644
115581
167113
33
1028108
....
32
++
1497
17
17759
67501
19535

79686
137642
214156853
423070
593
42
3891804
683781
203919
803225
3265467
2258655
25412
1191530
....
42652
115522
278774
595
10052664
45968
1209795
5031
2075879
208067
3212985
162239
29024
1530571
837966
979567
9219
5632999
....
19244
1
10882
351
208907
2846743
408265

1683
51732
47153
184734
12
1
10226
2691026
13369
75183
325241
131777
4477
22218
450
523
7741
130569
21
**
1512154
214969
248
2712076
21044
370238
10020
11829
113257
100562
163372
2
912979
....
321
1250
1139
++
23759
5591
43532

101327
78485
221844034
582117
149
11
1390485
2537858
175082
442305
3861834
2887096
52488
1384872
128258
70506
126359
291719
722969
11636361
5417948
1513889
5810
2598357
377436
3865872
80081
108615
1534802
913949
1671782
454
12442284
....
63393
25841
10019
14
297241
14156
1772097

63

2304
44142
18122
191953
1
53
14
2991810
9503
72242
371222
127610
107
27736
86
32
8378
204046
....
**
78190
233274
21309
4597507
7342
443010
4689
11151
108028
117568
369960
....
800730
1
93
178
648
49
18765
75870
31600

155353
102191
89852116
736848
61
784
336
2699327
148751
269610
5434999
3460060
1026
1617704
1478
24676
104308
586194
....
11554162
802698
1608025
24477
5282193
455905
5157627
43188
133322
1463313
1215354
3367801
....
14571902
334
9198
18159
5502
727
281471
2957887
962127

820
48924
16302
276165
196
52
7
2779074
6118
66030
337937
127882
351
4922
32
25
3550
855864
....
**
36361
308409
948
4956931
5444
540874
4497
28152
86090
149343
577695
8
687923
....
323
2
737
6
19033
45660
18036

112370
109055
94811058
1053487
2984
1174
201
3432311
127502
189342
5703435
3759755
324538
282766
541
31537
72785
1180653
....
16965361
181906
2233315
7005
6562929
369627
7579286
33142
148779
1688206
2028614
3949918
1125
10412481
....
64205
7386
8706
79
310240
1620063
648740

2669
65645
7491
258330
137
39
509
3812679
6612
11026
325705
140960
24
138168
41
24
4034
1768058
....
**
10000
410483
437
4776491
10751
627008
1216
17304
100447
158405
397399
....
779598
....
175
....
1044
10
17864
41
12230

86578
158036
32119579
941752
2494
505
22298
4671420
120898
65399
5990599
4258585
17801
4901801
1452
24238
92570
1773765
....
12991334
24
2938718
2916
6390687
342836
8523123
9802
141262
1867164
2156562
3714082
....
7179648
....
29666
....
9906
526
288087
744
488129

Annexure IX (B)
Exports of Metals and Alloys 2010-11 to 2014-15

Unit
All Metals and Alloys
Aluminium And Alloys Incl. Scrap
Antimony Alloys And Scrap
Bismuth & Scrap
Boron
Cadmium (Incl. Waste & Scrap)
Chromium & Alloys
Cobalt & Alloys(Incl Waste And Scrap)
Copper & Alloys (Incl. Brass & Bronze)
Copper (Cement Copper Precipitated)
Ferro Alloys
Gold (Non-Monetory & Monetory):
Gold-Clad Metals/Base Metales Nes
Iron & Steel
Lead And Alloys Incl. Scrap
Magnesium & Scrap
Manganese & Alloys (Incl Waste & Scrap)
Mercury
Molybdenum & Scrap
Nickel And Alloys Incl. Scrap
Other Rare Metals Nes
Pig & Cost Iron (Incl. Speigeliesen)
Platinium Alloys & Related Metals
Platinium - Clad Base /Precious Metal
Preciuos Metals / Metals Clad With Preciuos Metals
Selenium
Silicon
Silver
Silver Clad Base Metals
Tantalum & Scrap
Tellurium
Tin And Alloys Incl. Scrap
Titanium & Alloys(Incl. Waste & Scrap)
Tungsten And Alloys Incl. Scrap
Zinc And Alloys Incl. Scrap
Zirconium & Scrap

Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Kg
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Kg
Kg
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Kg
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Kg
Ton
Ton

2010-11
Qty
Value
**
940524476
428253
56530539
954
464038
++
351
48
12818
20
11027
18
12041
281
450877
564164
201100005
2
175
1554988
94468214
34595
4275544
1
862
8353454
505936539
48646
5153688
87
9232
143
118051
95
146840
19
61006
1429
1500386
12
6915
807783
15412694
3367
231945
640
24653
870
18962966
193
722450
201
24020
50
1063414
13953
224466
5
23218
58
13331
1900
403662
211
233571
430970
669662
264251
32248477
26
6799

2011-12
Qty
Value
**
1024998008
506310
72024819
1410
872560
1
979
....
....
9
3304
10
9236
298
424072
334913
136844498
1
74
1532694
83992730
169126
19799367
++
1423
9257059
606834662
69629
9074327
303
43335
57
51592
69
121620
27
67508
5340
5886670
10
25736
821428
27396836
382
213170
1
362
719
20176997
184
1187692
247
23896
41
1296694
12055
33044
2
35834
13
836
1673
413908
399
338371
638430
1423388
295071
36266217
645
112251

64

2012-13(R )
Qty
Value
**
1406138832
566662
87154851
2123
1311070
5
5460
....
....
15
3211
20
21917
67
80649
331478
157325127
++
18
1676644
101504136
85349
241164115
++
878
10377748
723047018
47155
6339031
234
25839
138
88492
44
62034
10
110819
21615
22779944
4
4405
433884
10218710
1780
209126
397
556
794
24478920
192
879234
93
10506
38
1928248
563
4616
7
78116
31
3478
1504
329765
195
268751
408664
1951349
198676
24748100
1
343

2013-14(P)
Qty
Value
**
1531563802
707217
116253038
1864
1063470
++
703
++
53
68
4553
73
77559
111
32028
333082
171115615
++
32
1727542
105054411
70721
183513035
....
....
11959782
833731286
80865
11994067
280
65276
199
100365
83
270391
77
161373
26459
26246009
2
17098
1113219
26350078
1357
985444
152
524
531
18900402
143
440707
84
17642
31
1127885
2
42
3
49216
24
6979
4102
5022785
118
163435
745397
2265367
194976
26530058
3
2876

(Value in Rs.'000)
2014-15(P)
Qty
Value
**
1671198494
1033006
173770732
2371
1209763
++
2331
++
119
74
4545
94
72047
109
124799
459468
205662295
++
41
1623899
99837096
69894
172166206
++
2
11982434
869190611
76289
10617034
66
30471
134
111364
8
37675
55
188842
46771
55174050
++
4203
650353
15064847
78
83710
11
625
581
25052694
124
350157
260
34175
5
346251
22375
264220
5
93874
++
93
2217
2372272
174
197302
475385
1574148
246395
37553145
8
6755

Annexure X (A)
Imports of Ores & Minerals 2010-11 to 2014-15
2010-11
Unit
All Minerals
Abrasive (Natural)
Alabaster
Alumina
Andalusite
Antimony Ores & Conc.
Arsenic Sulphide (Natural)
Asbestos
Ball Clay
Barytes
Bauxite
Bentonite
Borax
Building And Monumental Stones Nes
Calcite
Chalk
Chromite
Clay (Others)
Coal(Ex Ligbite)
Coal,Gas Water Etc.(Except Gaseous Hydrocarbons)
Coal:Lignite
Cobolt Ores & Conc.
Coke
Copper Ores & Conc.
Corundum (Natural)
Diamond
Diatomite
Dolomite
Earth Clay
Emerald (Cut & Uncut)
Felspar (Cut & Uncut)
Felspar (Natural)
Fire Clay
Flint
Fluorspar

Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Tht
Ton
Tht
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton

Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton

Qty
**
10082
1237
281285
5515
2547
57
365795
126695
2843
63584
2301
112225
909936
143164
3185
86456
11610
68918
....
++
5041
1490210
1902026
....
182467772
1510
611833
83
3996
4
20409
689
25
161925

Value
6690103839
139898
19920
6924573
104883
446982
2104
10025266
637682
37498
1201033
74759
2427019
1527459
430793
17140
904750
103765
415494801
....
310
1515404
31203551
200234533
....
1527908912
47906
1395183
4275
4957091
6531
64063
10920
202
2333963

2011-12
Qty
**
7940
1138
548891
6121
3712
21
378122
191310
3720
78980
3956
96994
1137648
260231
1884
136204
13013
102841
2
++
1196
2364688
2124501
....
153033845
1583
1594573
65
7984
75
41627
269
1
183662

Value
9444303312
86003
21525
13215746
131788
1153868
1027
11991739
1023647
656032
1603329
122538
2621167
1315295
1215618
15919
2019641
144418
788268785
172
474
1251501
47584537
264510239
....
1322922157
46753
2010748
4751
10627382
3199
168923
5177
98
4639660

65

2012-13(R )
Qty
Value
**
11008001478
5850
79649
798
16809
1113927
24589496
13767
262633
4916
1361490
40
2621
460445
19004033
156527
1044148
6174
112461
66742
1494744
3245
130584
95046
2980032
1211434
1257775
145966
652237
6003
36136
216736
2503421
14638
194203
145790
868505454
6
616
++
5407
443
548799
3077258
56872490
2296421
309704411
++
27
135963926
1176986143
3600
109400
1859996
2529066
196
10056
9880
37464291
8
3590
59956
252204
1610
22423
28
1086
98043
2241949

2013-14(P)
Qty
Value
** 12158267979
4312
56954
877
23975
1169523
27542194
8738
187621
3464
888707
8
576
285870
13298986
130804
915231
5687
144378
421612
3662474
6071
201663
112775
3551233
958905
1147451
75863
427442
17172
108515
261336
3099722
17016
256640
166861
923353960
++
306
++
5629
16
17358
4167206
67948149
2048240
332267404
2
96
149916760
1349155094
6006
186713
2511602
3736522
586
16862
8799
22328772
2
12453
42448
212990
146
4473
....
....
117254
2412179

(Value in Rs.'000)
2014-15(P)
Qty
Value
**
10716891382
5775
80934
912
24831
790305
21244790
9350
201731
4711
1004076
31
2041
396493
17168105
125384
957636
7484
146614
1800689
8560886
11002
316055
146301
4474017
766721
1481235
66450
369703
6714
47715
242685
2871479
14347
231877
217785
1045125605
++
1290
++
11131
272
366480
3290324
43751479
1702247
285028249
....
....
151359710
1252140913
2122
87085
2014760
3146097
4617
2979
65176
63062394
102
9639
66749
242645
4
137
141
2257
155673
2967071

Garnet( Cut And Uncut)

Garnet(Abrasive)
Granite
Graphite(Natural)
Gypsum
Iron Ore
Kaolin
Kieselguhr
Kyanite
Lead Ores & Conc.
Limestone
Magnesite
Manganese Ore
Marble
Mica
Molybdenum Ores & Conc.
Natural Gas
Nickel Ores & Conc.
Niobium Or Tantalum Ores & Conc.
Ochre
Other Minerals Nes
Petroleum (Crude)
Precious & Semi-Precious Stones (Cut & Uncut):
Preciuos Metal Ores & Concentrates
Quartz And Quartzite
Rock Phosphate
Salt ( Other Than Common Salt)
Sand (Excl. Metal Bearing)
Sandstone
Silica Sand
Sillimanite
Slate
Steatite
Sulphur (Exc. Sublimed Precipited & Colloidal)
Tin Ores & Conc.
Titanium Ores & Conc.
Tripoli Earth
Tungsten Ores & Conc.
Vanadium Ores & Conc.
Vermiculite

Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Tht
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Tht
Kg
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton

24
357
55554
14348
1697746
1867
52663
156
504
9722
5035678
54929
1299643
512169
1687
4382
9765763
219
11
1324
40359
153120
77711
167
496
5194203
34148
22379
....
93741
1363
89
10087
1356774
195
66759
19
1
4
312

16114
7490
1163349
460015
2212981
10284802
636698
5670
11318
342050
7043286
1590290
17813482
10320860
411461
6086645
146481792
143868
9227
141001
367542
4216162484
7051601
298094
8699
32110281
82777
28609
....
413702
15992
3678
130423
10977136
86167
861652
486
4424
1182
7519

41
314
64982
19287
2776177
978
73647
44
260
30282
8557181
72475
1961396
635962
2458
5223
13199608
41729
96
1359
61197
165712
8358
....
578
9729592
34208
22811
....
129490
14
201
5022
2037635
++
68501
42
327
109
222

53509
5519
1600947
944259
3979046
6885850
1078287
1415
14765
1915093
11890531
2279369
20632696
14466429
599808
6496596
328736293
2008548
161086
66315
540836
6436885431
8304647
....
11065
83149873
85575
53509
....
598457
2265
9426
141498
22832892
32
1731291
593
5179
10605
8227

66

49
1115
64739
19485
3218900
3056
87867
1
622
56049
11139331
79080
2326729
757793
2285
6863
13135869
865
93
1223
58972
185534
6272
840
1652
8160950
40274
12785
42
54380
74
213
2906
1547267
21
77819
22
107
1
170

117864
19800
1860578
1193505
5009977
25778633
1095336
55
20765
7590645
16672231
2770015
25622446
20313010
557140
7522354
411417374
808473
182526
61759
664668
7856017148
8276623
240260
26982
73098249
98849
42747
643
579833
7401
23025
121394
17358957
14088
2842107
1002
28762
708
8263

60
626
71378
22916
3231930
369
80204
20
394
33405
13214179
66001
2179334
757948
2049
5572
13020689
1343
61
282
52993
189176
9584
179
377
7160798
35591
15688
....
97526
110
850
2935
1289979
1
91775
19
17
61
176

46894
10542
2402008
1235588
5252011
3423552
1420872
717
13711
3880931
21580366
2216905
28306272
22107203
563468
5558080
516992878
1207103
163720
30443
592588
8696574352
12574990
106977
10924
55177899
120999
61432
....
938842
14307
23951
129217
11002926
380
1933433
740
28235
8674
8396

243
647
65265
28549
4421048
12093
93322
20
508
39441
13834373
102077
3172858
779325
2240
8093
13289155
4185
115
176
74554
187911
121156
101601
215
8258191
41300
58237
++
76529
116
472
3693
1626419
....
51991
....
191
19
391

68743
10297
2261146
1335288
6747745
65947416
1662634
804
17006
3846804
21961663
3327761
34669120
23848492
703135
8645534
563400559
3842487
179733
25953
2286200
7093749532
14675050
22252599
10404
61803761
114191
98399
18
556336
10754
16814
130505
17446236
....
971521
....
61582
1378
11486

Witherite
Wollastonite
Zinc Ores & Conc.
Zirconium Ores & Conc.

Ton
Ton
Ton
Ton

3
2600
88171
54312

52
23913
3415929
2665929

78
806
63194
44400

1994
12873
2396487
4320340

67

50
1288
111912
34652

1364
24233
4997266
3932536

344
1305
33113
50945

7122
30479
1562269
3772861

184
1948
35696
47656

5268
32549
1693837
3331466

Annexure X (B)
Imports of Metals and Alloys 2010-11 to 2014-15
(Value in Rs.'000)
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13(R )
2013-14(P)
2014-15(P)
Unit
Qty
Value
Qty
Value
Qty
Value
Qty
Value
Qty
Value
All Metals and Alloys
**
2868348244 **
4183099235 **
4465659420 **
3213559922 **
4012586073
Aluminium And Alloys Incl. Scrap
Ton
881144
101220027
1108292
141716112
1325562
174463260
1348372
186322210
1595296
228778062
Antimony Alloys And Scrap
Ton
543
256726
380
356570
769
555508
1307
806794
1024
583886
Bismuth & Scrap
Ton
112
107370
117
140378
155
194490
180
224031
174
267473
Boron
Ton
++
1027
++
335
++
765
++
3801
1
2863
Cadmium (Incl. Waste & Scrap)
Ton
655
122567
567
84058
690
75108
1531
211726
2862
339575
Chromium & Alloys
Ton
706
404055
746
500440
674
486843
853
543400
1001
640994
Cobalt & Alloys(Incl Waste And Scrap)
Ton
726
1574437
994
1912305
677
1407209
758
1608803
865
2048322
Copper & Alloys (Incl. Brass & Bronze)
Ton
260108
85717042
350290
128268204
408141
159334900
411649
176031866
490179
196576602
Copper (Cement Copper Precipitated)
Ton
147
21437
30
5166
20
12245
++
1
5
3089
Ferro Alloys
Ton
225263
25230287
278759
29752569
279509
35802706
258843
37308904
336575
47686136
Gold (Non-Monetory & Monetory):
Kg
969738
1847287525
1078354
2699007054
1013703
2921528195
661715
1662426200
915473
2106580447
Gold-Clad Metals/Base Metales Nes
Ton
++
522
++
1939
++
1915
1
411236
++
3959
Iron & Steel
Ton
14401512
616497590
17381812
814625474
19300675
920848863
12257822
721849461
17433700
940528408
Lead And Alloys Incl. Scrap
Ton
285662
27568237
240698
27100104
238633
27781629
238450
31338681
295474
38467363
Magnesium & Scrap
Ton
11151
1566701
11976
2068338
14506
2606589
15753
2793578
19271
3167018
Manganese & Alloys (Incl Waste & Scrap)
Ton
13982
2028316
15890
2658100
20076
2803314
24114
3341014
30932
4232257
Mercury
Ton
191
243129
177
582676
163
728392
149
855952
99
341691
Molybdenum & Scrap
Ton
412
932478
826
1354032
487
1285590
339
1119658
373
1268948
Nickel And Alloys Incl. Scrap
Ton
33306
32130836
34787
39121536
54325
55154972
56322
54463252
76200
85078105
Other Rare Metals Nes
Ton
44
164666
118
333218
144
247700
106
316440
231
543397
Pig & Cost Iron (Incl. Speigeliesen)
Ton
48291
2316267
44156
2713997
53930
3129091
68502
4021121
68887
4591408
Platinium Alloys & Related Metals
Kg
5072
8451719
6129
11732833
6186
12030962
6493
14017329
7818
15247930
Platinium - Clad Base /Precious Metal
Kg
5
405
7
1435
4
1416
27
3424
27
22865
Preciuos Metals / Metals Clad With Preciuos Metals Ton
4
124220
++
209272
64
278034
++
99006
++
960
Selenium
Ton
209
699503
194
1174174
232
1424362
264
1078360
263
867524
Silicon
Ton
32055
3523172
35380
4256979
36882
4536760
37411
4682391
42296
5689328
Silver
Ton
2656
89531561
4661
247042322
2021
107973660
6512
269736492
7708
276863750
Silver Clad Base Metals
Kg
5
148
1174
32270
639
8230
5486
80226
2774
28253
Tantalum & Scrap
Ton
14
22580
3
23755
3
31799
3
38257
3
55041
Tellurium
Ton
3
35182
1
30262
2
25349
2
27583
6
42663
Tin And Alloys Incl. Scrap
Ton
7494
7258073
8055
8789035
7804
9254270
11240
14965679
9423
12485758
Titanium & Alloys(Incl. Waste & Scrap)
Ton
822
1135500
1504
2149522
1273
2381849
1536
3161133
2008
3360378
Tungsten And Alloys Incl. Scrap
Kg
404654
848380
637994
1634925
436356
1608465
530108
2150364
438233
1868711
Zinc And Alloys Incl. Scrap
Ton
112228
11302210
131432
13704756
163884
17623504
148906
17453019
250182
34291939
Zirconium & Scrap
Ton
12
24349
7
15090
11
31476
21
68530
9
30970
Source : DGCI & S, Kolkata; P : Provisional , R : Revised ; ++ : Negligible
** : Quantity not given due to partial coverage, Value figures however have full coverage

68

69