LINKERS
In order that / So that Introduce a
sentence.
Contrast
.
. Consequently / As a consequence / As a
In spite of / Despite Link two contrasting
ideas. Followed by a noun phrase.
.
Consequence
result / Therefore
. As a consequence of / As a result
Although / (Even) though Link two
contrasting ideas. Followed by a sentence.
of Followed by a noun phrase.
So Introduces a sentence. No commas.
However / Nevertheless / Still / Yet / Even
so / On the contrary / In contrast. Introduce a
Addition
new idea which marks a contrast with
. Moreover / Furthermore / In
previously stated ideas. Introduced by a
comma.
addition / Besides / What's more Used after
a strong pause and separated from the
On the one hand ... On the other hand.
Links two contrasting ideas / paragraphs.
.
sentences. They are introduced by a comma.
. As well as / In addition to / Besides Used
In contrast to / Contrary to. Link two
contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun phrase.
to add one more piece of information.
Followed by a noun phrase.
Whereas Link two contrasting ideas. Not
separated by commas.
. Exemplification
Reason and cause
For example / For instance Introduces an
.
Because / As / Since / Seeing
example referring to previously stated ideas.
that Introduce a sentence.
Such as Introduces an example referring
Subordinate sentences introduced by because
to the last idea.
always appear in final position.
.
CONNECTORS
Because of / On account of / Owing
to / Due to. Introduce a noun phrase.
Contrast
Purpose
. but / yet: followed by a noun phrase or a
.
In order to / So as to Introduce an
infinitive of purpose.
sentence.
The book is short but / yet interesting
Because of / on account of / owing to / due
. in spite of / despite: It is placed at the
to the weather, we stayed at home
beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
He arrived on time despite / in spite of getting
. in order to, so as to, to:
up late
She uses her video in order to / so as to / to
record TV programmes
although / though/ even though / in spite of
the fact that: followed by a complete sentence.
Add information
They can be placed at the beginning or in the
middle of the sentence. If it is placed at the
. for example, for instante, such as:
beginning we need to use a comma after the
Vegetables are a good source of vitamins: for
clause.
example / for instance, oranges have vitamin
Although / though / even though / in spite of
the fact that the pupils had not studied, they all
passed their exams.
. more over, furthermore, besides, in
addition to:
. however, nevertheless, even so, on the
In addition to soul music, she likes rap
one hand, on the other hand, on the
contrary:
. apart from, except for:
He was quite ill however/ nevertheless/ even
Apart from English, she speaks French.
so, he went to school
Succession
. while, whereas
This film is very interesting, while/whereas that
. - First of all / Firstly / To begin with /
one is quite boring
First .
- Second / Secondly / Then
Reason and cause
- Third / Thirdly / After that...
- The next stage
. because, as since, seeing that:
- Finally / in short / to sum up / in
Because / as / since / seeing that its late, we
conclusion / lastly / last but not least
should go home
Result
. because of, on account of, owing to, due
to:
. As a result of:
As a result of his brave action, he was
awarded a military medal.
Adding information
Therefore, as a result, consequently, for this
apart from: Aparte de
reason:
in addition: Adems
Consequently / for this reason, it always
in addition to: Adems de
passes its annual road test.
Whats more: Adems; lo que es ms
moreover: Adems
on top of that: Adems
Order
First parragraph
besides: Adems
On the one hand: Por una parte
On the other hand: Por otra parte
At first sight: A primera vista
and eventually: Y finalmente
First: En primer lugar
First of all: Antes que nada
In the first place: En primer lugar
To start with: Para empezar
Contrast
all the same: a pesar de todo
Second parragraph
however: sin embargo
instead of: en vez de
In the second place: En segundo lugar
in spite of / despite: a pesar de
Second: Segundo
nevertheless: no obstante
Secondly: En segundo lugar
on the contrary: por el contrario
Third: Tercero
whereas / while: mientras
Thirdly: En tercer lugar
though / although: aunque
Conclusion
Reason
Finally: Por ltimo
In conclusion: Para concluir
because of + noun: a causa de
Lastly: Por ltimo
due to + noun: debido a
And eventually: Y finalmente
due to the fact that + sentence: debido a que
for this / that reason: por esta / esa razn
owing to + noun: debido a
to be honest, para ser honesto
owing to the fact that + sentence: debido a que
to tell the truth, a decir verdad
Result
Explain
that is (to say): es decir
as a result: como resultado
in other words: en otras palabras
because of: a causa de
in short: en resumen
consequently: en consecuencia
above all: sobre todo
so: por lo tanto
all in all: en general
that's why: por eso, por esa razn...
at least: al menos
therefore: por lo tanto
basically: bsicamente, fundamentalmente
especially: especialmente, sobre todo
essentially: esencialmente
in general: en general
Expressing facts
in particular: en particular
actually: en realidad
more or less: ms o menos
as a matter of fact: de hecho
on the whole: en general
in fact: de hecho
to a certain extent: hasta cierto punto
really: en realidad
Exemplifying
Expressing a personal opinion
and so on: etctera
as far as I am concerned por lo que a m
for example: por ejemplo
respecta
for instance: por ejemplo
from my point of view desde mi punto de vista
such: as tal(es)como
I agree estoy de acuerdo
I disagree no estoy de acuerdo
in my opinion en mi opinin
in my view segn lo veo
Summarizing
I think that creo que
all in all: en suma
it is true that es verdad que
in brief: en resumen
personally personalmente
in conclusion: Para concluir
in short: en resumen
Finally: Finalmente
on the whole: en general
First of all: En primer lugar
to sum up: Para resumir
in the end: al final
in the meantime: mientras tanto
meanwhile: mientras tanto
next: luego
Sequencing
suddenly: de repente
after that: despus de eso
then: entonces, despus
all of a sudden: de repente
while: mientras
