Is Iso 2953 1999
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IS/ISO 2953 (1999): Mechanical vibration - Balancing
machines - Description and evaluation [MED 28: Mechanical
Vibration and Shock]
! $ ' +-
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1S/1S0 2953:1999
(Superseding
IS 13277:
1992)
Indian Standard
MECHANICAL VIBRATION BALANCING
MACHINES DESCRIPTION AND EVALUATION
ICS
21.120.40
@ BIS 2007
BUREAU
MANAK
OF
BHAVAN,
INDIAN
9 BAHADUR
NEW
September
2007
DELHI
STANDARDS
SHAH
ZAFAR
MARG
110002
Price Group 14
Mechanical
Vibration
and Shock
NATIONAL
FOREWORD
Sectional
Committee,
MED 28
This Indian Standard
which is identical
with ISO 2953 : 1999 Mechanical
vibration
Balancing
machines Description
and evaluation
issued by the International
Organization
for Standardization
(ISO) was adopted
by the Bureau of Indian Standards
on the recommendation
Qf the Mechanical
Vibration
and Shock
Sectional
Committee
and approval
of the Mechanical
Engineering
Division
Council.
This standard
supersedes
IS 13277:1992
Balancing
machines
Description
and evaluation.
The text of ISO Standard
has been approved
as suitable for publication
as an Indian Standard without
deviations.
Certain
conventions
are, however,
not identical
to those used in Indian Standards.
Attention is particularly
drawn to the following:
a) Wherever the words International Standard appear
be read as Indian
b)
referring
to this standard,
they should
Standard.
Comma
(,) has been used as a decimal marker in the International
Standards,
Indian Standards,
the current practice is to use a point (.) as the decimal marker,
In this adopted standard,
reference
appears to the following
International
Standard
Standard also exists.
The corresponding
Indian Standard,
which is to be substituted
for the edition indicated:
place, is listed below along with its degree of equivalence
International
Corresponding
Standard
ISO 1925 : 19901) Mechanical
Balancing Vocabulary
vibration
Indian Standard
1S/1S0 1925:2001
Mechanical
Balancing Vocabulary
vibration
while
in
for which Indian
in its respective
Degree of
Equivalence
Identical
For the purpose of deciding
whether
a particular
requirement
of this standard
is complied
with, the
final value, observed
or calculated,
expressing
the result of a test or analysis,
shall be rounded off in
accordance
with
significant
places
in this standard.
IS 2 : 1960 Rules for rounding
retained in the rounded off value
) Since revised in 2001 and adopted as 1S/1S01925:2001.
of
off numerical
values (revised). The number
should be the same as that of the specified value
1S/1S0 2953:1999
indian Standard
MECHANICAL VIBRATION BALANCING
MACHINES DESCRIPTION AND EVALUATION
1 Scope
This International
Standard gives requirements
for the evaluation
of the performance
and characteristics
of
machines for balancing rotating components. It stresses the importance attached to the form in which the balancing
machine characteristics should be specified by the manufacturers and also outlines criteria and tests for evaluating
balancing machines. Adoption of the format suggested in 4.1 and 4.2 makes it easier for the user to compare
products of the different manufacturers. Guidance as to the manner in which users should state their requirements
is given in annex B.
Details of proving rotors, test masses and performance tests to be employed to ensure compliance with specified
unbalance indicating capability are given. Tests for other machine capacities and performance parameters are not
contained in this International Standard.
Annex E describes
This International
recommended
Standard
modifications
of old 1S0 proving rotors.
does not specify balancing
criteria; these are specified in ISO 1940-1.
This International Standard is applicable to balancing machines that support and rotate workplaces which are rigid
at balancing speed, and that indicate the amounts and angular locations of required unbalance corrections in one or
more planes. It covers both the machines that measure out-of-balance
effects on soft bearings and those that
measure this on hard bearings.
Technical requirements
for such balancing machines
associated with automatic correction, are excluded.
2 Normative
are included,
however,
special
features,
such as those
reference
The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
International Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to
revision, and parties to agreements
based on this international
Standard are encouraged
to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and LSO maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 1925:1990,
Mechanical
vibration Balancing Vocabula~.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this International
4 Capacity
and performance
Standard, the definitions
given in ISO 1925 and those given in annex A apply.
data of the machine
The manufacturer
shall specify the data listed in 4.1 for horizontal
applicable, and in a similar format.
or 4.2 for vertical
machines
respectively,
as
1S/1S02953
4.1
1999
Data of horizontal
4.1.1
machines
Rotor mass and unbalance
4.1.1.1
limitations
The maximum mass of rotor which can be balanced shall be stated over the range of balancing speeds.
The maximum moment of inertia [(mass x (radius of gyration)2] of a rotor with respect to the shaft axis which the
time shall be given for the range of balancing speeds (/+, f?2, ...)
machine can accelerate
in a stated acceleration
together with the corresponding cycle rate (see table 1).
Table 1 Data of horizontal
Manufacture
............................................
machines
Model ...................................................
Balancing speeds or speed ranges (see also 4.1 .3.1)
Rotor mass
kg
[see note 1)
occasional overload face per
(see note 1)
n,
maximum
minimum
SUppOfl
Maximum negative force per support
(see note 1)
Maximum rotor moment of inertia with respect to the shaft axis
(see
kg.mz
note 2)
Cycle rate (see note 2)
Maximum unbalance
g.mm/kg or g.mm
(see note 3)
measurable
permissible
a) For inboard rotors
Minimum achievable residual specific unbalance,
emar, g,mm/kg
maximum mass
(see note 4 and clause 6)
0,2 x max. mass
minimum mass
Corresponding deflection of analog amount-ofunbalance indicator, mm
maximum mass
Number of digital units
(see note 4)
0,2 x max. mass
minimum mass
b) For outboard rotors
Minimum achievable residual specific unbalance,
emar, g.mm}kg
maximum mass
(see note 4 and clause 6)
0,2 x max. mass
minimum mass
Corresponding deflection of analog amount-ofunbalance indicator, mm
maximum mass
Number of digital units (see note 4)
0,2 x max. mass
minimum mass
n2
n3
n4
rr5
1S/1S0 2953:1999
4.1.1.2
Production
4.1.1.2.1
efficiency
(see clause 7) shall be stated, as follows.
Time per measuring
run:
.........................................................................
......................................................................
...............................................................................
time: ......................................... .........................................
a)
Time for mechanical
b)
Time for setting indicating
c)
Time for preparation
d)
Average acceleration
e)
Reading time (including time to stabilize):
f)
Average deceleration
9)
Relating readings to rotoc
h)
Other necessary time:
i)
Total time per measuring
adjustment:
system:
of rotor
...........................................................
time: ..................................................................................
...................................................................................
s
.
s
.........................................................................................
run [a) to h) above]:
...................................................
............................................
70
rotors: ..........................................
70
4.1.1.2.2
Unbalance
reduction
ratio for inboard rotors:
4.1.1 .2.3
Unbalance
reduction
ratio for outboard
4.1.2
Rotor dimensions
4.1.2.1 Adequate envelope drawings of the pedestals and of other obstructions, such as belt-drive mechanism,
shroud mounting pads, thrust arms and tie bars, shall be supplied to enable the user to determine the maximum
rotor envelope that can be accommodated
and the tooling and/or adaptors required.
A combination of large journal diameter and high balancing speed may result in an excessive
speed. The maximum journal peripheral speed shall be stated.
When belt drive is supplied, balancing speeds shall be stated for both the maximum
which the belt can drive, or other convenient diameter.
The manufacturer
and minimum
peripheral
diameters
over
shall state if the axial position of the drive can be adjusted.
4.1.2.2
Rotor envelope Iimitati!ms
4.1.2.3
Rotor diameter:
(see figure 1) shall be stated.
a)
Maximum
diameter over bed: ..............................................................................
mm
b)
Maximum
diameter over which belt can drive:
....................................................
mm
c)
Minimum diameter over which belt can drive:
.. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ..
mm
4.1.2.4
journal
Distance between journal centrelines:
a)
Maximum:
............................................................................................................
mm
b)
Minimum:
.............................................................................................................
mm
c)
Maximum distance from coupling flange to centreline
d)
Minimum
distance from coupling flange to centreline
of farthest bearing:
of nearest bearing:
..........
mm
...........
mm
1S/1S0 2953:1999
..
_
.
&
1
..
.. ..
3
\
-s
4
/3
4
///7/
Key
1
2
3
4
V/z
//
Shaft
Rotor
Suppolt
Bed
NOTE 1 If the left-hand support is not a mirror image of the right-hand suppoti, separate dimensions shall be shown.
NOTE 2 The profile of the belt-drive equipment shall be shown, if applicable.
Figure 1 Example of machine support drawing illustrating rotor envelope limitations
1S/1S0 2953:1999
4.1.2.5
Journal diameter:
a)
Maximum:
............................................................................................................
mm
b)
Minimum:
.............................................................................................................
mm
Maximum permissible
4.1.2.6
Correction
journal speed
plane limitations
4.1.2.7 Correction
shall be stated.
4.1.3
peripheral
.........................................................
(consistent
plane interference
with the statements
ratios (consistent
mts
in 5.4) shall be stated.
with the statements
in 5.4 and based on the proving rotor)
Drive
Rated torque on workpiece
4.1.3.1
Nm
.. .. ....................
n,
.. .. .......... ...........
n2
................
n3
n4
.,
..,!
rr5
..............................
n6
..............................
..............................
n8
..............................
or
or
steplessly
4.1.3.2
...!....
steplessly
variable
variable
from .............................
..............................
to .................................
..............................
Torque (see note 5):
a)
Zero-speed
torque:
.......................................... YOrated torque on workpiece
b)
Run-up torque adjustable
c)
Peak torque
from ......... to ......... %0rated torque on workpiece
..................................................... ?orated torque on workpiece
4.1.3.3
Type of drive to workpiece
(see note 6): ............................................
4.1.3.4
Prime mover (type of motor):
.............................................................
a)
Rated powec
b)
Motor speed: ............................................................................................. r/rein
c)
Power supply, voltage/
4.1.3.5
............................................................................................ kW
frequency/
phase:
.............................................
Brake
a)
Type of brake: ...........................................................................................
b)
Braking torque adjustable
from .............. to ......... YOof rated torque
1S/1S0 2953:1999
c)
Yes I No
Can brake be used as a holding device?
4.1.3.6
Motor and controls in accordance
4.1.3.7
Speed
regulation
Accurate
4.1.4
Couple
4.1.5
Air pressure
with the following
standard(s):
.. .. . . . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. . ... .. . .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. . .... ...
provided:
or constant
unbalance
within
interference
requirements:
. .. . .. ?40of . .. .. . . .. ... . .. r/rein, or . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . r/rein
ratio
(g.mm/g.mm2)
.. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . ?40(see note 7)
............. Pa; ............ m3/s
NOTE 1
The occasional overload force need only be stated for the lowest balancing speed. It is the maximum force per
suppori that can be accommodated by the machine without immediate damage.
The negative force is the static upward force resulting from a workpiece having its centre of mass outside the bearing support.
NOTE 2
Cycle rate for a given balancing speed is the number of starts and stops which the machine can perform per hour
without damage to the machine when balancing a rotor of the maximum moment of inertia.
NOTE 3
In general, for rigid rotors with two correction planes, one-half of the stated value pertains to each planshaped rotors, the full stated value holds for one plane.
for disc-
NOTE 4
Limits for soft-bearing machines are generally stated in gram millimetres per kilogram (specific unbalance), since
this value represents a measure of rotor displacement and, therefore, motion of the balancing machine bearings. For hardbearing machines, the limits are generally stated in gram millimetres, since these machines are usually factory-calibrated to
indicated unbalance in such units (see clause 6). For two-plane machines, this is the result obtained when the minimum
achievable residual unbalance is distributed between the two planes.
NOTE 5
In most cases, maximum torque is required for accelerating a workpiece. However, in the case of a workpiece with
high windage and/or friction loss, maximum torque may be required at balancing speed. When there is axial thrust, it is
necessary that provisions be made to take this into account.
NOTE 6
Examples of the type of drive to the workpiece are:
end drive by universal joint driver,
end drive by band,
belt drive,
magnetic field,
driven bearing rollers,
air jet, etc.
NOTE 7
This value is only applicable for single-plane
the rotor on the indication of static unbalance.
4.2
balancing machines.
It describes the influence of couple unbalance
in
Data of vertical machines
4.2.1 Rotor mass and unbalance
4.2.1.1
The maximum
limitations
mass of rotor which can be balanced shall be stated over the range of balancing
speeds.
The maximum moment of inertia [mass x (radius of gyration)*] of a rotor with respect to the shaft axis which the
machine can accelerate in a stated acceleration time shall be given for the range of balancing speeds (nl, n2, .....)
together with the corresponding cycle rate (see table 2).
1S/1S0 2953:1999
Table 2 Data of vertical machines
Manufacturer:
Balancing
Model ..................................................
............................................
speeds or speed ranges
kg
Rotor mass
n2
n3
nd
n~
maximum
minimum
(see note 1)
Occasional
n,
(see also 4.2.3.1)
overload force up to (see note 1)
Maximum rotor moment of inertia with respect to the shaft axis
(see note 2)
kg.m2
Cycle rate (see note 2)
Maximum
unbalance
(see note 3)
g.mm/kg or g.mm
measurable
permissible
Minimum achievable residualspecific unbalance, emar, maximummass
g-mmlkg
(see note 4 and clause 6)
0,2 x max. mass
Corresponding deflection
unbalance indicator
minimum
mass
maximum
mass
of analog amount-ofmm
Number of digital units (see note 4)
0,2 x max. mass
minimum
4.2.1.2
Production
4.2.1.2.1
efficiency
Time per measuring
(see clause
7) shall be stated,
mass
as follows.
run:
.........................................................................
......................................................................
Time for preparation
of rotoc ...............................................................................
d)
Average acceleration
time: ..................................................................................
e)
Reading time (including time to stabilize):
f)
Average deceleration
g)
Relating readings to rotor
...................................................................................
h)
Other necessary ttme: .........................................................................................
i)
Total time per measuring
....................................................
reduction ratio: ............................................................................
v.
a)
Time for mechanical
b)
Time forgetting
c)
4.2.1.3
4.2.2
Unbalance
adjustment:
indicating system:
...........................................................
time: ..................................................................................
run [a) to h) above]:
Rotor dimensions
4.2.2.1
If the machine is equipped with two or more speeds, this information shall be stated for each speed. If the
machine is equipped with steplessiy variable balancing speeds, then the information shall be given in the form of a
table, formula or graph.
1S/1S0 2953:1999
Adequate drawings of the support surface of the spindle or mounting plate, and of obstructions, such as drill heads,
electrical control cabinets, etc. above the mounting plate, shall be supplied to enable the user to determine the
m~imum rotor envelope that can be accommodated and the tooling andlor adaptors required.
4.2.2.2
Maximum diamete~
......................................................................................
mm
4.2.2.3
Rotor height:
a)
Maximum overall height ......................................................................................
mm
b)
Maximum height of centre of gravity: ...................................................................
mm
at 100 /0of maximum mass: ..............................................!. .........................
mm
4,2.2,4
stated.
at 50
?40
of maximum mass: ...........................................................................
mm
at 25
YO
of maximum mass: . ..............................................................,..,,,,,.,.
mm
Rotor envelope limitations, including machine spindle or mounting plate interface (see figure 2) shall be
Key
1
Rotor
Adapter
Lower correctionplane
Protractor
Mounting holes for adapter
Spindle
Pilot 0
Upper correction plane
Figure 2 Example
of vertical machine mounting
Centre of mass plane
interface
illustrating
rotor envelope
limitations
1S/1S0 2953:1999
4.2.2.5
4.2.3
Correction
plane limitations
(consistent
with the statements
in 5.4) shall be stated.
Drive
Balancing
4.2.3.1
Rated torque on workpiece
speed
N.m
rlmin
n,
n2
rr3
n4
n5
............ .................
n6
4.2.3.2
..............................
..............................
n8
..............................
.......... ...................
Torque (see note 5):
a)
Zero-speed
b)
Run-up torque adjustable
c)
Peak torque:
4.2.3.3
torque:
. . .. . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . % of rated torque
on workpiece
from ..... . .. . to . .... . ZOof rated torque on workpiece
. .. . .. 7. of rated torque on workpiece
Prime mover (type of motor):
a)
Rated powec
b)
Motor speed: ........................................................................................................ r/rein
c)
Power supply, voltage I frequency
4.2.3.4
....................................................................................................... kW
I phase: ................ I ................ I .................
Brake
a)
Type of brake:
b)
Braking torque adjustable
c)
Can brake be used as a holding device ?
from ......... to ....... YOof rated torque
4.2.3.5
Motor and controls in accordance
4.2.3.6
Speed regulation
Couple unbalance
4.2.5
Air pressure
NOTE 1
with the following
standard(s):
...................................................................
provided:
Accurate or constant within
4.2.4
Yes I No
....... % of .......... r/rein, or .............. r/rein
interference
requirements:
ratio, g.mm / g.mm2 (see note 6)
............. Pa; ............. m3/s
The occasional overload force need only be stated for the lowest balancing speed. It is the maximum force that can
be accommodated
by the machine without immediate damage.
NOTE 2
Cycle rate for a given balancing speed is the number of starts and stops which the machine can perform per hour
without damage to the machine when balancing a rotor of the maximum moment of inertia.
IS/lSO
2953:1999
NOTE 3
In general, for rigid rotors with two correction planes, one-half of the state value pertains to each plane; for discshaped rotors, the full stated value holds for one plane.
NOTE 4
Limits for soft-bearing
this value represents a measure
bearing machines, the limits are
indicate unbalance in such unit.
achievable residual unbalance is
machines are generally stated in gram millimetres per kilogram (specific unbalance), since
of rotor displacement and, therefore, motion of the balancing machine bearings. For hardgenerally stated in gram millimetres, since these machines are usually factory-calibrated to
(See also clause 6.) For two-plane-machines,
this is the result obtained when the minimum
distributed between the two planes.
NOTE 5
In most cases, maximum torque is required for accelerating a workpiece. However,
high windage and/or friction loss, maximum torque may be required at balancing speed.
NOTE 6
This value is only applicable for single-plane
the rotor on the indication of static unbalance.
5 Machine
5.1
of operation
An adequate description
5.2
resonance,
of operation
of the balancing
machine
shall be given; for example,
motion
compensation.
of the machine
5.2.1 The manufacturer
design, for example:
horizontal
soft- or hard-bearing
resonance-type
shall
describe
the
general
configuration
of this
machine
and the
principal
featIJreS of
or vertical axis of rotation;
suspension
system;
machine with mechanical
The manufacturer
5.2.2.1
of the principle
force measuring,
Arrangement
5.2.2
balancing machines. It describes the influence of couple unbalance in
features
Principle
measuring,
in the case of workplaces with
Components
compensator.
shall provide details of the following,
as applicable.
designed to support the rotor, for example:
vee blocks;
open rollers;
plain half-bearings;
closed-ball,
roller or plain bearings;
devices to accommodate
rotors in their service bearings;
devices to accommodate
complete
NOTE
Details of bearing lubrication requirements shall be given, where applicable.
5.2.2.2
The mechanical adjustment
(horizontal machines only).
5.2.2.3
Type(s) of transducers
5.2.2.4
The drive and its control,
10
units.
and functioning
of the means provided
used to sense unbalance
effects.
to take up axial thrust from the rotor
1S/1S0 2953:1999
Indicating
5.3
5.3.1
system
General
A balancing machine shall have means to determine
shall be described, for example:
wattmetric
volumetric indicating
volumetric system with stroboscope
volumetric indicating
compensator
5.3.2
Amount
indicating
system with phase-sensitive
rectifier (including systems with frequency
conversion);
and filter;
system with marking of angular position on the rotor itself;
or electrical indication.
indicators
shall describe the means of amount indication
wattmetric
or volumetric component
wattmetric
or volumetric amount meters;
wattmetric
or volumetric vector meters;
mechanical
analog or digital readout.
provided, for example:
meters;
or optical indicators;
Angle indicators
The manufacturer
shall describe the means of angle indication
wattmetric
or volumetric component
wattmetric
or volumetric vector meters;
direct angle indication
oscilloscope,
mechanical
analog or digital readout.
5.3.4
Operation
provided, for example:
meters;
in degrees on a scale meter;
stroboscopic
indicators;
or optical indicators;
of the indicating
The manufacturer
following points.
a)
and its angular location; such means
system;
with mechanical
The manufacturer
5.3.3
the amount of unbalance
shall describe
How many measuring
system
the procedure
by which readings
are obtained,
taking
into account at least the
runs are required to obtain:
the two readings for single-plane
the four readings for two-plane
balancing?
balancing?
b)
Is an indicator provided for each reading or is it necessary
c)
Are readings retained after the end of the measuring
d)
Is an individual
spot?
plus-and-minus
switch provided
to switch over for each reading?
run?
for each plane which permits the indication
of a heavy or light
11
1S/1S0 2953:1999
5.4
Plane
5.4.1
separation
This subclause
The manufacturer
shall be given.
system
is not applicable to single-plane
shall state whether
machines;
plane separation
see.5.4.2.
is provided.
If it is provided,
at least the following
a)
How is it operated for single rotors of a type not previously
b)
How is it operated for single rotors in a series, with identical dimensions
c)
The limits of workpiece
geometry over which plane separation
is effective shall be defined
effectiveness stated on the basis of the correction plane interference ratio, stating the following:
balanced?
and mass?
the ratio of bearing distance to plane distance for which plane separation
whether either or both correction
whether the centre of mass can be between or outside the two selected correction
d)
Whether
5.5.1
Setting
planes and/or bearings.
and couple unbalance.
shall state to what extent the machine
is
of indication
General
The manufacturer
shall describe the means of setting and calibration
The manufacturer
shall state whether setting is possible
correction units and/or standard weight or unbalance units.
The manufacturer
for single-plane
for two-plane
and the means provided for checking these.
for indication
shall state the number of runs required for calibrating
in any desired
unit, whether
practical
the machine:
balancing;
balancing.
The manufacturer
shall state the maximum
during calibration and operation.
5.5.2
the
is effective;
the indicator system can also be used to measure directly static unbalance
and calibration
with
planes can be between or outside the bearings;
5.4.2 On single-plane horizontal or vertical machines, the manufacturer
able to suppress effects of couple unbalance (see 11 .8).
5.5
details
Soft-bearing
permissible
change,
in percentage
terms,
in repeatability
of speed
machines
The manufacturer
shall state how calibration
is accomplished
on the first rotor of a particular
mass and
configuration,
for example, does the rotor have to be balanced by a trial-and-error
procedure or is a compensator
provided, are calibration masses required, etc., and whether total or partial re-calibration is required when changing
the balancing speed.
If a compensator is provided,. the limits of initial unbalance,
effective shall be stated.
5.5.3
Hard-bearing
of rotor geometry
and speed for which compensation
machines
The manufacturer
shall state whether the machine is permanently
calibrated and can be set according
workpiece or shall be calibrated by the user for different balancing speeds, rotor masses and/or dimensions.
12
is
to the
WI
1S/1S0 2953:1999
5.6
\
1,
,! !
,,1
)
,
Other devices
Special devices
example:
which influence
indication
in components
indication
of unbalance
correction
the efficient
functioning
of an arbitrary coordinate
into components
resolved
of the balancing
machine
shall be described
in detail, for
system;
located in limited sectors in more than two correction
planes;
devices;
devices to correlate the measured
suitable output for connection
.
6 Minimum
achievable
angle andlor amount of unbalance
to a computer
residual
with the rotoc
printer or other peripherals.
unbalance
i
The minimum residual unbalance that can be achieved with a balancing machine shall be specified in terms of
speGific unbalance in gram rnillimetres per kilogram (see definition in annex A) together with the corresponding
deflection of the amount-of-unbalance
indicator.
This minimum achievable
residual
balancing speeds of the machine.
specific
In achieving the stated residual unbalance,
adequate for the purpose:
,.
k
amount indication,
angle indication,
plane separation,
scale multiplier,
drive, bearings, etc.
unbalance
shall be stated
the manufacturer
for the full range of workpiece
shall consider
masses
whether the accuracy of the following
and
is
It should be noted that the stated minimum achievable
residual unbalance value applies to the machine as
delivered, but if out-of-round journals, excessively heavy or loose adaptors or other tooling are employed by the
user, the minimum achievable residual unbalance may be affected.
7 Production
7.1
efficiency
General
Production efficiency is the ability of the machine to assist the operator in balancing a rotor to a given residual
unbalance in the shortest possible time. It shall be assessed by using a proving rotor or, alternatively, a test rotor to
be specified by the user.
To find the production rate for a specific rotor (number of pieces per time unit or the reciprocal of the floor-to-floor
time), the time per measuring run, the necessary number of runs, the time for loading, unbalance correction and
unloading have to be taken into consideration. The necessary number of measuring runs depends on the average
initial unbalance, the tolerance and the unbalance reduction ratio (URR).
13
1S/1S0 2953:1999
7.2
Time
per measuring
run
For the proving rotor or rotors specified by the user, the manufacturer
state the average time for each of the operations listed under a) to h):
a)
mechanical
b)
setting of the indicating
c)
preparation
d)
average acceleration
e)
the reading
deceleration
f)
average deceleration
9)
any further operations
h)
time for all other required operations,
NOTE 1
adjustment
shall describe
the procedure
in detail and
of the machine, including the drive, tooling and/or adaptor;
system;
of the rotor for the measuring
run;
time;
time, i.e. the normal total time between
run;
the end of the acceleration
run and the start of the
time;
necessary
to relate the readings obtained to the actual rotor being balanced;
for example,
safety measures.
Items a) and b) are of primary interest for single rotor balancing.
The time per measuring run is the total time required for steps a) to h) for the first run, but for subsequent measuring
NOTE 2
runs on the same rotor, only steps d) to h) are required. In the case of mass production rotors, only steps c) to h) are required.
If special tools, not supplied as part of the standard equipment, are necessary to accommodate
specified; for example, bearing inserts, couplings for drive shafts, shrouds, etc.
7.3
Unbalance
reduction
a rotor, this shall be
ratio
The manufacturer shall state the unbalance reduction ratio (see definition in annex A). It shall be assumed that the
addition or subtraction of mass is made without error and that normal skill and care are exercised in the operation of
the machine.
Where indicator systems that rely heavily on operator judgement are used, for example, stroboscopes, mechanical
indicators, etc., realistic values based on experience and related to the rotor to be balanced shall be given.
8 Performance
qualifying
factors
The manufacturer shall state the range of the following factors within which the machine is capable of achieving the
guaranteed performance, for example:
temperature,
humidity,
balancing
line voltage and frequency fluctuations.
speed variation,
The manufacturer
shall also state whether the performance
ball bearings on the rotor journals.
of the machine
In addition, the manufacturer shall state whether the unbalance
rotor bearing thrust face is not square to the axis.
14
indication
is significantly
changed
by me use of
of the rotor is significantly
affected if the
1S/1S0 2953:1999
1
9 Installation
9.1
requirements
General
In considering the siting of a balancing machine, the manufacturer shall state what precautions
obtain satisfactory performance in the presence of the following environmental factors:
AJ
extraneous
~
shall be observed to
vibration,
electromagnetic
condensation,
radiation,
fungus and other factors, such as those referred to in clause 8.
I
9.2
Electrical
and
pneumatic
requirements
Balancing machines shall be provided with standard input connections
supply voltage and frequency, air pressure, hydraulic pressure, etc.
9.3
10.1
with the required
Foundation
The manufacturer
required for the
workbench, etc.
10
that are plainly marked
Proving
shall state the overall dimensions and mass of the machine, and the type and size of foundation
machine under which its specified performance
is assured; for example, concrete blocks,
rotors
and test masses
General
This clause specifies technical requirements for a range of proving rotors for use in testing balancing machines. It
specifies rotor masses, materials. dimensions, limits, tapped hole dimensions, rotor balancing requirements and
details of test masses. The extent and costs of tests and the rotor size(s) may be negotiated between the
manufacturer and the user.
10.2 Proving
rotors
10.2.1 Three types of proving rotors are defined, named A, B and C (Figure 3). Typical
intended to be represented by the proving rotors, are characterized as follows.
Type A:
workpieces,
Rotors without journals, balanced on a vertical machinel ), in one or two correction
which are
planes.
Service bearing planes may be anywhere; i.e. one on each side, or both on one side of the main
rotor body. For the tests it is assumed that one bearing is on each side of the rotor.
Type B:
Type C:
Inboard rotors with journals,
between the bearings.
balanced
on a horizontal
machine,
Service bearings are positioned
on either side of the rotor.
Outboard
planes.
balanced
rotors with journals,
on a horizontal
mostly with two correction
machine,
with two overhung
planes
correction
Service bearing positions are similar to those on the proving rotor.
NOTE 1
Type C proving rotor is composed of a shaft and a proving rotor type A.
NOTE 2
Calculations for (Jmarfor type C proving rotor are based on the total mass (shaft and proving rotor type A).
1, They may be balanced on a horizontal machine with integrated spindle.
15
1S/1S0 2953:1999
E13
13
AL
Type A
a)
Vertical
balancing
machine
12
32
r
E .
r1
-dB
i::
Type
b)
NOTE
A
Type
Horizontal
balancing
machines
Mass centre position is inboard in Types A and B but outboard in Type C (shaft plus type A rotor).
Figure 3 Proving rotors type A, B, C with test planes 1,2,3
Each type of proving rotor has three planes for attachment
and assumed
bearing planes 1, II
of test masses.
The same proving rotor and test masses will be used for tests in one or two planes.
10.2.2
The manufacturer
shall state whether
or not a proving
rotor is supplied
with the machine.
10.2.3
Proving rotors shall be manufactured
of steel and shall be similar to those shown in figure 4 and table 3 for
vertical machines, figure 5 and table 4 for horizontal machines (inboard rotor), and figure 6 and table 5 for outboard
rotors (see 10.2.5).
10.2.4
For machines covered by this International Standard, the manufacturer
that may be used to confirm the performance of each machine prior to shipment
shall have available
from the plant.
proving rotors
10.2.5
If a horizontal machine is to be used for balancing outboard rotors (or inboard rotors with correction planes
overhanging on one side), additional tests have to be agreed upon (see 11.1). These require a proving rotor type C.
NOTE
NOTE 2
Older style rotors with only eight holes per plane maybe
modified to this International Standard (see annex E).
The shipment of proving rotors to the user is the subject of individual negotiation,
10.2.6
Clear and permanent angle markings shall be provided on every proving rotor every 10 and enumerated
intervals of 30. Two such scales with a clockwise and anticlockwise enumeration may be provided.
at
For testing stroboscopic machines, the proving rotor shall be equipped with a numbered standard band delivered
with the machine. The middle of the first number shall coincide with one set of tapped holes. Angle readout for the
tests shall be made from the numbered band and recalculated in the 360 circle.
10.2.7
For multi-purpose machines, a standard
of the the mass capacity range of the machine.
16
proving rotor shall be used whose mass falls within the lower third
1S/1S0 2953:1999
10.2.8 For machines which are intended to be used near the lower limit of the mass capacity
having a mass near the lower mass capacity limit is recommended for an additional test.
10.2.9
For special-purpose
may be used,
10.3
Test
10.3.1
provided
machines,
the balance
or by agreement
between the manufacturer
range, a proving rotor
and the user, a users own rotor
by such rotors are negligible.
errors introduced
masses
General
Test masses are used to create defined
in the proving rotor test planes,
unbalances
Since the test positions have threaded holes, the test masses may be in the form of bolts, screws, etc. A
recommended
solution is to have studbolts permanently fixed into all positions, protruding from the surface of the
rotor by a certain height, and to screw the test masses onto them. In this case, test masses are rings and the
precise location of their centres of mass (radius) can easily be identified.
The unbalance value of a test mass is always expressed
residual unbalance.
If the claimed
minimum
achievable
residual unbalance
in units of Umar, i.e. multiples
of the minimum
is specified per plane, Umar is calculated
achievable
as follows:
u mar = 2 mar per plane
If emar, the claimed minimum achievable
the total mass m of the proving rotor
residual
specific
unbalance
is stated,
L/mar is gained
by multiplying
emar by
Umar = em,, m
NOTE
The required value for the mass of a particular test mass is derived from the required unbalance and the radius of
its centre of mass, when attached to the proving rotor.
10.3.2Test mass for Umar test
10.3.2.1
For the L/mar test (see 11 .6) the following test mass is required for plane 3 (see table 7):
one test mass producing
10 times Umar.
NOTE
For proving rotors of type A or B, 2 test masses of 5Umar each for planes 1 and 2 could be used instead. There is no
recommended alternative for proving rotors type C.
10.3.2.2
For proving
rotors type A and B for Umar tests:
on vertical machines and on horizontal
on horizontal
EXAMPLE:
machines with integrated
spindles (A),
machines for inboard rotors (B).
Horizontal machine, proving rotor type B,
Table 4, No. 5, 50 kg.
Claimed in table 1:
emar = 0,0005
Calculation:
mm or 0,5 g.mm/kg.
Umar = 50 x 0,5 = 25 g.mm.
Umar test mass to produce:
10x Umar = 250 g.mm.
17
1S/1S0 2953:1999
1
aJD
1
A
1 .
I
k
,,
1 I
~,b
J
I
Key
1
36 equal divisions of 10, enumerated
anticlockwise
at 30 intervals, clockwise,
12 equally spaced threaded holes G in each of three test planes
Threaded
Holes in this face to balance rotor (optional)
hole for lifting eye
Four through holes O, equally spaced
Two threaded holes G
Dimensions may be varied, except Yand Z.
Interface dimensions (spigot) comply with SAE ARP 4162 proving rotors (where existing).
NOTE
All tolerances and residual unbalance shall be in accordance
NOTE 2
Proving rotors from SAEARP4162
NOTE 3
For dimensions see table 3.
maybe
with the the test aims.
used instead with test masses modified to suit the ISO tests.
Figure 4 Proving rotors Type A for tests on vertical machines
18
(for dimensions,
see table 3)
1S/1S0 2953:1999
Table 3 Suggested
Iotor
No.
Major
Rotor
maaa diameter
D
M
dimensions,
masses and speeds for proving rotors type A for tests on vertical
machines (see figure 4)
Height
Minor
diameter
Highest
test
speed c
lb
~b
~b
~b
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
rlmin
20
6,5
tVf3
50,8
0,4 x 45
4,2
76,2
6,6
20000
30
30
9,5
M4
50,8
0,4 x 45
4,2
76,2
6,6
14000
19
45
45
13
M5
114,3
0,4 x 45
4,2
133,35
10,3
10000
170
25
60
60
20
M6
114,3
0,4 x 45
4,2
133,35
10,3
6000
460
255
38
90
90
30
ME
114,3
0,4 x 45
4,2
133,35
10,3
4000
Za
ya
0,9 D
0,5 D
kg
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
1,1
110
99
55
20
3,5
160
144
80
12
11
230
206
127
35
345
310
iio
510
0,075 D 0,175 D 0,175 D 0,06 D
Metric values
Inch/pound
valuea
lb
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
2,5
4,3
3,875
2,2
0,375
0,75
0,75
0,250
NO.5UNF
0,015 x 45 0,165
0,266
20000
6,3
5,650
3,2
0,5
1,125
1,125
0,375
NO.6UNF
0,015 x 45 0,165
0,266
14000
25
8,125
0,75
1,75
1,75
0,510
No.1OUNF
4,5
0,015 x 45 0,165
5,25
0,406
10000
80
13,5
12,125
2,375
2,375
0,800
114UNF
4,5
0,015 x 45 0,165
5,25
0,406
6000
250
20
18
10
1,5
3,5
3,5
1.186
5116UNC
4,5
0,015 x 45 0,165
5,25
0,406
4000
in
in
rfmin
NOTE 1 All tolerances and residual unbalance shall be in accordance with the test aims.
NOTE 2 Proving rotorsfrom SAEARP4162
maybe used instead with test masses modified to suit the ISO tests.
a Dimensions may be varied, except Y and Z.
b Interface (spigot)dimensions comply with SAEARP4162
proving rotors (Rotor Nos. 2 to 5).
c Refers to rotors. Test mass design may limit highest speed.
,
19
[S/1S0
2953:1999
L
F
7
. ..
..
,
:.09
e>
.aOE
-
<>
-00+
1
a*
L 1
c>
3 o- --
3+
e*
oOEE c+
4* 300-
3+
C*
.- -
-Q
L L
30-
2
/
,/
Details
a) Rotors
for
of journa(
+=iw
ends
b) Rotors for end-drive
belt-drive
Key
1
36 equal divisions of 10, enumerated at 30 intervals, clockwise, anticlockvvke
12 equally spaced threaded holes N on each end for trim balancing
12 equally spaced threaded holes N in each test plane
Number and size of threads as requested
A, Band C maybe
varied provided they meet the requirements:
A = 5/2; C= 6/2.
Dimensions
If the shafts are used as ball bearing seatings, a shoulder should be provided so that bearings are square to the shaft axis
and the centres are at the prescribed axial location.
NOTE
End-drive interface dimensions comply with typical drive shafts.
NOTE 2
All tolerances and residual unbalance shall be in accordance with the test aims.
NOTE 3
Proving rotors fromSAEAFIP4162
NOTE 4
Older style rotors with only 8 holes per plane maybe
NOTE 5
For dimensions see table 4.
maybe
used instead with test masses modified to suit the ISO tests.
modified to this- International Standard (see annex E).
Figure 5 Proving rotors Type B for tests on horizontal
20
machines
(for dimensions,
see table 4)
1S/1S0 2953:1999
Table 4 Suggested
dimensions,
masses and speeds for proving rotors
horizontal machines (see figure 5)
1
0
0
in
w
ul
>
m
m-
.-c
E
>
E
>
8
In
-J
~
2
.
0
0
0
.-c
.-c
c
.
?3
5
0
0
z
>
N
.-c
I I
I I
.
m -.
~
0
n<
.-c
0
CY
0
N
Ill
?.
m
0
tn0
w04
u
b
c
.-C
(1
In
.-c
1
1
In
I
I
W m.-c N
a
C-J
.5
4? $2
I
s
0
N
1
3
-t
0
cl
.-c
type B for inboard tests on
w
r.
0
-t
N
-t.
I
---
I,,
m
m
w
L7
q
0
21
1S/1S0 2953:1999
-.
--.-.-.-.-m.
.
e
~
i
/4
[.
Key
1
12 equally spaced threaded holes, N
12 equally spaced threaded holes, N
a Dimensions may be varied provided the centre of mass stays outboard with the same overhang and the position of holes N
between bearings is maintained.
NOTE
Examples for detailed dimensions of shafts (for end-drive), fitting proving rotors type A are given in annex D.
NOTE 2
Proving rotor type C is made up from a shaft (see figure D.1 and table 0.1 ) and a proving rotor type A.
NOTE 3
Interface dimensions (spigot) comply with proving rotors type A.
NOTE 4
End-drive interface dimensions for Nos. 3 to 5 are in accordance with proving rotors type B, Nos. 4 to 6.
NOTE 5
All tolerances and residual unbalance shall be in accordance with the test aims.
NOTE 6
Proving rotors from SAE ARP 4162 may be used instead of proving rotor type A with test masses modified to suit
the ISO tests.
Figure 6 Proving rotors type C for outboard tests on horizontal
machines
(for dimensions
see table 5)
1S/1S0 2953:1999
Table 5 Suggested
dimensions,
masses and speeds of proving rotors
horizontal machines (see figure 6)
type C for outboard tests on
23
1S/1S0 2953:1999
10.3.2.3
},
;
Ii
h
P
,1
,!
i.
For proving
same calculation
NOTE
rotors type C on horizontal
(principle)
machines
for outboard tests:
as above.
This will lead to masses different from the inboard test because:
the mass of rotor type C is different from type B,
the value claimed in table 1 as emar for inboard rotors may differ from that for outboard rotors,
the mass is attached to a different rotor diameter and thus has a different effective radius.
EXAMPLE:
Horizontal machine, outboard proving rotor type C,
Table 5, No. 3, 19,5 kg.
Claimed
under Table
1:
e ~ar = 0,002 mm or 2 g.mtikg
Gckulation:
Umar = 19,5 x 2 =39 g.mm
10x Umar = 390 g.mm
Umar test mass to produce:
10.3.3 Test masses for URR tests (see 11.7)
10.3.3.1
For proving
one (for a single-plane
f.J~titiOn= 20 to 60
rotors types A and B:
test) or two (for a two-plane
test) stationary
masses, each producing
20 to 60 x Urea:
Umar
one (for a single-plane test) or two (for a two-plane
unbalance of the stationary masses
test) traveling
masses,
each producing
five times the
u travel = 5 x station
EXAMPLE
Using the same proving rotor and claimed value of em, as in 10.3.2.1,
minimum achievable residual unbalance leads to:
and test masses producing 30 times and 150 times the
URR stationary test masses produce:
U~tation =30x
URR traveling
#mar= 30 x 25 g.mm = 750 g.mm.
test masses produce:
u travel = 5 x s~tion=3750
g.mm.
10.3.3.2For proving rotor type C:
same calculation
L&tion
NOTE
24
(principle)
=60 to 100
as above, however, in order to use the same URR evaluation
Umar.
The test masses differ from those for proving rotor type A.
diagram:
1S/1S0 2953:1999
On proving rotors type C (outboard), as an alternative the URR test could be performed with resultanticouple
masses. According to the principles and rules as stated in ISO 1940-1, the following is suggested.
test
For resultant:
h
one stationary
one traveling
mass, producing:
U~e~~tatiOn= 20 to 60 x Umar
mass, producing:
(&
~~avel= 5 x Ure~station
For couple:
$
k
,,1
two stationary
two traveling
10.3.4
masses,
masses, each producing:
Permissible
10,3,4,1
UC~~avel= 5 x UCstation
errors of test masses
Masses
The permissible
10%.
error in the test mass is directly related to the task and should not influence the test by more than
a)
For the Uma~test, the permissible
b)
For the URR test, the permissible
percentage is equal to:
f 0,1
UCstation = 4 x U~e~station
each producing:
(100
?o
mass error is t 1
mass error
7..
(percentage)
is directly
related
to the claimed
URR. The
URRClaim)
EXAMPLE
For a URR test with 95
~0,1
10.3.4.2
x(i
Y.
URRClaim, the permissible mass error is
OO-95)0/o=to,50/o
Position
The mounting
position for test masses shall beat 30 intervals in each plane.
1,
NOTE
Older style rotors with only eight holes per plane may be modified to this International Standard (see annex E).
The zero degree reference
the axis of rotation).
The mounting positions
permissible errors:
in each test plane shall be at the same angular orientation
shall be located
relative to the true position
a)
in the axial direction: within the same percentage as determined
(e.g. * 0,5%) but applied to the correction plane distances;
b)
in the radial position: within the same percentage
c)
in the angular position: within the same percentage
example * 0,570 equals * 0,30.
(in the same plane through
in each of three directions
for the mass tolerance
with the following
in 10.3.4.1 for URR test
as above (e.g. ~ 0,5 %), but applied to the radius;
as above, but applied to the unit of angle (1 rad = 57,30); for
In order to facilitate tests with proving rotors types B and C, it is advisable
drive to the 0 position of the proving rotor.
to line up the thread pattern for the end
25
I
9
1S/1S0 2953:1999
10.3.5
Material
For medium and small proving rotors, some test masses may become difficult to design and inconvenient to handle
because of their small size. In these cases, it is preferable to make the test masses from lightweight material
(aluminum or plastic material).
. ,,
11
Verification
11.1
tests
for performance
Requirements
To verify the claimed performance
and parameter
of a balancing
the Umar test (test for minimum achievable
the URR test (test for unbalance
the ISC test (test for interference
single-plane machines;
the test of the compensator,
These tests are described
installation
verification
machii e in general, two to four separate tests are required:
residual unbalance);
reduction ratio);
from couple unbalance with static unbalance
indication), required only for
used for index balancing.
in 11.6 to 11.9, and shall be ionducted
on site; the location to be agreed
between
by the manufacturer
the manufacturer
either at his/her
plant or after
and user.
Proving rotors types A and B are choosen according to the type of balancing machine (see 10.2). Proving rotors
type C shall be used only if outboard rotors are to be balanced on the horizontal machine and upon prior agreement
between the manufacturer and user.
NOTE
Figure 7 gives an overview of Umartests and the URR test for proving rotors types A, B and C.
These
tests
represent
a minimum
test procedure
designed
to establish
essential
compliance
with the requirements
for:
minimum
achievable
combined
accuracy
suppression
accuracy
residual
unbalance
of amount-of-unbalance
of couple
unbalance
(Umar), and for
indication,
angle
indication
(URR),
of the compensator.
In addition, equipment parameters shall be verified.
features, instrumentation,
tooling and accessories.
11.2.1
separation
(lSC),
The test procedures will not prove compliance with all requirements
define the exact reason when the machine fails to comply.
11.2
and plane
Duties of manufacturer
This includes
over the full range of variables,
physical
inspection
of various
nor will they
dimensions,
and user
Examiner
For these tests, the user shall provide an examiner trained in the use of balancing machines. The manufacturer
shall instruct the examiner in the use of the machine. The examiner may either operate the machine or satisfy
him/herself that he/she could obtain the same results as the operator. The manufacturer
shall ensure that the
written instructions are followed by the examiner.
11.2.2 Readings
The examiner shall print or read off the unbalance
convert them into units of Umar, and subsequently
accuracy of the examiners work.
26
indication from the machines
plot them. The manufacturer
instrumentation,
log the values,
shall be entitled to check the
1S/1S0 2953:1999
11.2.3Condition
of proving
The manufacturer
the location
rotor
and test
shall be responsible
of the test masses.
masses
for the condition
The examiner
of the proving
shall be entitled
rotor, the correctness
of the test masses,
and
to verify this.
Older style rotors with only eight holes per plane may be modified to this International Standard (see annex E).
NOTE
b ~
11.3
Requirement
for weighing
A weighing scale shall be available
scale
having sufficient accuracy to meet the requirements
of 10.3.4.1
11.4
Test
and
rechecks
When a machine fails to conform in a test, the manufacturer shall be entitled to adjust or modify the machine, after
which the complete test shall be repeated and the machine shall conform in that test in order to qualify as being
acceptable.
11.5
Test speed
The appropriate test speed for the proving rotor may be determined
manufacturer and user:
a)
a typical speed of the machine
b)
1/1 O up to 1/5 of the heighest permissible
specification data of the manufacturer;
c)
a typical speed
d)
in the case where a users own rotor is prepared
of this rotor.
11.6
based
on specification
test speed
data of the manufacture~
of the proving
rotor (see
tables
3 to 5), adapted
achievable
residual
as a proving rotor (see 10.2.7), the intended
unbalance
to the
balancing
speed
(Umar test)
General
This test is intended to check the ability of the machine
residual unbalance (Umar).
A two-plane
11.6.2
ways and agreed upon between
the users intends to balance rotors at;
Test for minimum
11.6.1
to be tested,
in the following
testis
described
in detail, deviations
to balance
for a single-plane
a rotor to the claimed
minimum
achievable
test are mentioned.
Starting-point
11.6.2.1
Plane setting for balancing
For the particular rotor under consideration perform the mechanical adjustment of the machine.
setting is done for balancing in plane(s) (which are not the test planes); see tables 6 and 7.
11.6.2.2
Calibration
and/or
Initial unbalance
Make sure that the unbalance in each plane of the proving rotor is smaller than five times the claimed minimum
achievable residual unbalance (1O times for a single-plane test). If necessary, correct for these unbalances. Use
locations which do not interfere with the following test steps.
EXAMPLE
For correction planes on a proving rotor type B: rotor body end-faces.
27
1S/1S02953:1999
Table 6 Test planes
Machine
axis
Centre of
mass
location
No. of
test
planes
Proving rotor
(see 10.1 )
single-plane
1 1
1;
Vertical
Type A
two-plane
32
single-plane
Type B
two-plane
inboard
Horizontal
12
3
outboard
+::
..
c .
r1
+
u
Test planeq
A,
Measuring planes for Umar
-- -- .%-
A
Type C
1, 2, 3
single-plane
~~ ,3
two-plane
1S/1S0 2953:1999
Table 7 Overview
of U~,,. and URR tests
URR test
U~a, test
(see 11.6)
(see 11 .7)
Test masses in plane 3
alancing with plane setting: static
U~tat= 20 to 60 X Umar
u ~rav= 5 x U,tat
Test mass producing
10 x Umarin plane 3
Measuring: static
Measuring: static
m
alancing with plane setting: to correction planes near to 1, 2
Test masses in each plane 1, 2
u~~,l= 20 to 60 X Umar
q,,, = 5 x u~tat
Test mass producing
10 x Umarin plane 3
Measuring: planes ~,
Measuring: planes 1,2
m
lalancing with plane setting: static
Test masses in plane 3
=:::5::59
eMz:umar
lalancing with plane setting: to correction planes near to 1, 2
Test masses in each plane 1, 2
=:::2::5
*::5::
3alancing with plane setting: static
Test masses in plane 1
4::5:
+:::~:i:
3alancing with plane setting: to correction planes near to 1, 2
Test masses in each plane 1,2
+Mzfzh
4::2::2
1, 2, 3
Test planes;
~,
Measuring planes for U~~r.
1S/1S0 2953:1999
11.6.3
Unbalance
added
Add two unbalance
The unbalance
masses (such as balancing
masses
clay) to the rotor. They shall be equivalent
to 5 to 10x Urea, each.
shall not be:
a)
in the same radial plane,
b)
in a correction
c)
in a test plane,
d)
at the same
e)
displaced
plane,
angle,
by 180.
EXAMPLE
For planes on a proving rotor type B to add these unbalances: rotor body surface near to the test planes
In the case of a single-plane test, one unbalance mass of 10 to 20 x U~,, k used.
NOTE
11.6.4
Readings
Readings
of these
initial unbalances
(and after each correction
step, see 11 .6.5) are recorded
in table 8
Correction
11.6.5
Balance the rotor as well as possible (following the standard procedure for the machine)
Apply corrections in the correction plane(s). Take readings and record them in table 8.
in a maximum
of four runs.
EXAMPLE
For correction planes on a proving rotor type B: rotor body end-faces.
NOTE
If residual unbalance is not well below 0,5 Umar in each plane (two-plane test) or below U~~~(single-plane
machine will probably not pass the test.
Reference
11.6.6
change
In the case of horizontal machines, after performing
reference
system of the machine by 60:
the actions
on end-drive
machines,
turn the drive shaft with respect
on belt-drive
machines,
shift the angle reference,
NOTE
described
in 11.6.2
to 11.6.5,
(see note under 11 .6.5),
Plane setting for Umar test
to read in measuring
plane(s) according
to tables 6 and 7.
Test runs
Attach in test plane 3 a test mass producing
readings (amounts only) in table 9.
10x LJmar (see 10.3.2).
Attach this mass in all available holes in plane 3 using a sequence
Run rotor, measure
and record unbalance
that is arbitrary.
Run rotor, measure and record readings in both planes for each position of the mass in table 9.
30
the angular
If a 60 change is not possible, a 90 change may be made
Set the instrument
11.6.8
change
to the rotor;
NOTE 2
If, after the reference system has been changed, the next reading (run 6) is unsatisfactory
the problems should be remedied before continuing with the test.
11.6.7
test), the
1S/1S0 2953:1999
11.6.9
Umar evaluation
11.6.9.1
(see table 9)
Calculation
Calculate the arithmetic mean value per plane by adding the values of all readings per plane, and dividing the result
by 12. Record the arithmetic mean value in table 9 undec Mean value.
Divide each reading by the Mean value of the respective
mean value.
11.6.9.2
of
Plot
Plot the calculated
11.6.9.3
plane and record the results in table 9 under Multiples
values (multiples
of mean value) in figure 7
Lines
In figure 7 the horizontal middle-line represents the arithmetic mean of the readings in each plane. Two dotted lines
(0,88 and 1,12) represent the limit lines: +12 % of the arithmetic mean for each plane, which account for 1 times the
claimed LJmar+ 20 % for the effects of variation in the position of the masses and scatter of the test data.
11.6.9.4
Assessment
The machine is considered to have passed the Umar test, i.e., the claimed
has been reached, if the following condition is met:
minimum
achievable
residual
All plotted points are within the range given by the two dotted lines (0,88 and 1,12), with one exception
11.7
11.7.1
Test for unbalance
reduction
URR tests on single-plane
ratio
balancing
(URR
unbalance
allowed.
test)
machines
On horizontal and vertical single-plane
balancing machines, designed to indicated static unbalance only, the
unbalance reduction test is intended to check only the combined accuracy of amount-of-unbalance
indication and
angle indication.
For test planes and reading planes see tables 6 and 7
11.7.2
URR tests on two-plane
balancing
machines
On horizontal and vertical two-plane balancing machines, designed to indicated dynamic unbalance, the unbalance
reduction test is intended to check the combined accuracy of amount-of-unbalance
indication, angle indication and
plane separation.
For test planes and reading planes see tables 6 and 7.
NOTE On outboard proving rotors type C, the URR test could be performed
unbalance test masses. Deviations from the two-plane test are described.
11.7.3
as an alternative
with resultanVcouple
Generaf
The test and the method of recording the machine indications are designed to prevent the machine operator
knowing in advance what the readings should be, and thereby prevent him/her from influencing the outcome.
The test consists of a set of 11 measuring
mass (see 10.3.3) in each test plane.
runs. The test is run with a stationary
Unbalance readings are recorded on the test sheet and subsequently
test mass and a traveling
from
test
plotted and evaluated.
There are different URR test data sheets for two-plane (table 10) and single-plane (table 11) tests. Prepare the test
data sheet prior to making the actual test runs so that test data are entered in the proper order.
31
1S/1S0 2953:1999
Table 8 Data sheet for balancing
Date of test
of the proving rotor
............................................................................................................................................................
Location
of test: ......................................................................................................................................................
Machine
operated
Readings
Machine
Model:
Proving
by: .............................................................................................................................................
taken and recorded by: ...........................................................................................................................
tested, make:
...........................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................
rotor, type: .................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................... kg
No. ....................................................
Mass:
u mar = .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. . gmm;
10 umar = .....................................r............................. g.mm
Test mass ............................... g;
effective radius: .......................................................... mm
Test speed: .............................. r/rein
2
1
Plane reading
unit
Amount
u mar
Amount
Angle
u mar
degrees
Correction
Angle
degrees
Run 1
No. 1
initial unbalance
Run 2
No. 2
Run 3
No. 3
Run 4
No. 4
Run 5
residual unbalance
II
not allowed
Run 6
not allowed
after 60 reference
change
Table 9 Test data sheet for Umar test
Position of
test mass
Amount of
unbalance
degrees
Plane 1
Amount of
unbalance
Multiples of
mean value
Multiples of
mean value
Plane 2
Plane 1
Plane 2
30
60
90
120
150
\
180
210
240
300
Sum
Mean value
I
i
NOTE
For single-plane machines, use plana 1 columns to record the readings for the resultant
unbalance.
1S/1S02953:1999
Plane
1,2
1,15
- -. ..-.
1,1
- - .
1,05
1
0,95
0,9
- . . .- - -.
.- - -.
0,85
0,8
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
Position
of test
210
240
270
300
330
360/0
masses
Plane 2
1,2
1,15
- -- . .--
1,1
- .
..-
--
1,05
1
0,95
1,
0,9
.--
. .
.- -- .
.-
0,85
0.8
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
Position
of test
210
240
270
300
330
360/0
masses
Unbalance readout is in multiplesof arithmetic mean values.
Figure
7 Diagram
for evaluation
of Urea,test
33
a
1S/1S0 2953:1999
11.7.4
Preparation
11.7.4.1
Two-plane
Preparation
test
of a test data sheet (table 10) entails the following
steps.
a)
Enter at the top of the data sheet the requested data so that the test conditions
b)
Arbitrarily choose in plane 1 one of the 12 possible test mass positions for the stationa~ test mass and enter
the degree value in the Run No. 1 line on the plane 1, stationary column of the data sheet.
c)
Choose in plane 2 a position for the stationary test mass. This should neither be the same position nor opposite
to the stationary test mass in plane 1. Enter the degree value in the Run No. 1 line on the plane 2, stationary
column of the data sheet.
d)
Arbitrarily choose in plane 1 one of the remaining 11 positions as the starting position for the traveling test
mass and enter the degree value in the Run No. 1 line on the plane 1, traveling column of the data sheet.
e)
Arbitrarily choose in plane 2 a starting position for the traveling test mass. Enter the degree value in the Run
No. 1 line on the plane 2, stationary column of the data sheet.
f)
Enter successive
travel
of test sheets
are permanently
recorded.
:1
positions
in plane
in plane 2 in descending
1 in ascending
for successive
runs in the data sheet for both traveling
test masses,
letting them
30 intervals,
30 intervals.
Skip the stationary test mass positions, since two test masses cannot occupy the same position.
For a resultant/couple
test use table 10 with the following
modifications.
Mark plane 1 as the left-hand couple plane. This means positions and readings for couple test masses in plane
1 (couple test masses in plane 2 are always 180 apart).
Mark plane 2 as the middle plane (between
test masses.
11.7.4.2
Single-plane
planes 1 and 2). This means positions
test
Table 11 is for only one plane. The rules to chose
identical to plane 1 of the two-plane test.
11.7.5
and readings for resultant
positions
for the stationary
and traveling
test masses
are
Plane setting
The machine is set to read in the test planes (see tables 6 and 7).
For a resultant/couple
test on a proving rotor type C, the machine is set to read the couple unbalance
and 2 and resultant unbalance in the middle plane (between planes 1 and 2).
11.7.6
11.7.6.1
URR test runs
Starting-point
Unless a Umar test has immediately
11.7.6.2
in planes 1
preceded this one, perform steps described in 11.6.2 through 11.6.6.
Test planes
Test planes are according to tables 6 and 7.
For a resultant/couple test, planes 1 and 2 are used for the couple test masses, the middle plane (between
and 2) for the resultant test masses.
34
planes 1
1S/1S0 2953:1999
,#
11.7.6.3Procedure
Add the stationary and traveling test masses in starting position
rotor as shown in the data sheet.
(Run No. 1 line) to the test planes of the proving
Make a run, measure and record the amount and angle readings for the planes on the data sheet.
lJ
Advance the traveling test masses to the next positions as shown in the data sheet, make a run, measure and
record the amount and angle readings for the planes in the data sheet, until 11 successive runs have been
performed.
,.
Divide amount readings by the unbalance value of the stationary mass (both in terms of unbalances)
values in multiples of the stationary unbalance. Enter these in the appropriate columns of the data sheet.
11.7.7
11.7.7.1
to obtain
Plotting URR test data
Evaluation
diagrama
Each evaluation diagram (figure 8 for two-plane tests and figure 9 for single-plane tests) contains a diagram with 11
sets of concentric URR limit circles. From the inside outwards, the concentric circles designate the limits for URR
values of 95 Yo, 90 0/0,85 Z and 80 %.
Instructions for drawing these diagrams
11.7.7.2
Two-plane
are given in annex C.
test (figure 8)
a)
Enter the angular position of plane 1 stationary test mass on the short line above the arrow in the appropriate
URR evaluation diagram. Mark radial lines in 20 intervals by entering degree markings in 20 increments
(rising clockwise) on all short lines around the periphery of the diagram.
b)
Since the stationary test mass in the plane 2 has a different angular position, enter a second angular reference
system into the diagram for plane 2. To avoid interference with the degree markings for plane 1, enter the
degree markings for plane 2 in the oval circles provided halfway between the degree markings for plane 1.
c)
Using the amount (multiples of Umar) and angle values from the data sheet, plot the plane 1 readings in the
form of test points (dots) on the appropriate URR diagram, using the amount scale as shown next to the vertical
arrow.
d)
Next plot the plane 2 readings, but in order to avoid confusing
all test points for plane 2.
For a resultant/couple
11.7.7.3
Single-plane
test, plane 1 means couple unbalance,
plane 1 test points with plane 2 test points, circle
plane 2 means resultant unbalance
(see 11.7.4.1).
teat (figure 9)
Enter only one angular reference system into the diagram.
11.7.8
Evaluation
If a test point falls within the innermost circle (or on its line), the reading qualifies for a 95
between the 95 ?4. circle and the 90% circle (or on its line), the reading qualifies fora907.
NOTE
If a URR value other than 95
be inserted (see annex C).
Yo,
90%,
85
YO
?to
circle. If a test point falls
URR, and so on.
or 80 % is specified, an intermediate circle of appropriate diameter may
All test points on a URR Evaluation Diagram shall fall within the URR limit circles that correspond to the claimed
value for the URR with one exception per correction plane allowed. If not, the machine fails the test, in which case
the rules given in 11.4 apply.
35
1S/1S0 2953:1999
Table 10 URR test data sheet for two-plane
;ompany:
.... ................. .................................... ............................ ..... ......................................................................................
.ocation of test: . ......... .. ...... ... ...
. . .. .. .. . .
Aachine tested, make: ...... . .... ... .. . . .
. .. ... ... .. . .
.. . . ..
.. ..
;Iaimed
..........................................................................................
taken and Iogged by: . .. ...... . . .....
roving rotor, Type:
emar =
..........................................................................................
Model: ..........................................................................................
Aachine operated by:
leadings
.
tests
. . .
.. ........... . .... . . . . . . ... . ... . ..
. . .... .
Date of test: ................... ...............................................................
No.:
. ... . .. .. ................ ....
. .. . .. ...... . . .. . ..
GIaimed Umar = . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mass: ....... ... .. .. ..... ..... ..... kg
.. ... ... .. ......
. . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .
........... ...........
. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . ...........
...........
gmm/kg
.....
g mm
L&a[io= ............................................................................ x L/ma,= .................................... .......................................... gmm
effective radius:
L&e,
= 5 x
. . . .
mm;
stationary mass: .................. ........................................... g
L&.,on = ........................................................................................................................................................gmm
effective radius: .......................................................... mm;
Test mass positions (angles)
Plane 1
Plane 2
traveling
Unbalance
readout
Plane 1
Run
Stationary
Traveling
Stationary
Traveling
mass: .............................................................. g
Amount
Reading pl,l
Amount
Angle
divided by
u~atio
gmm
degrees
Multiple of
U,tation
1
2
,,
,,
,,
,,
,?
//
,,
,,
10
,,
11
,,
Unbalance
readout
Plane 2
Amount
Reading pl.2
divided by
Amount
Angle
gmm
degrees
U,tation
Multiple of
U,tatio
1S/1S0 2953:1999
i=io
URR achieved: ......... ........... .............................................................................................................................................................
Test points plotted by: .....................................................................................................................................................................
Figure
8 URR
evaluation
diagram
for two-plane
tests
37
1S/1S0 2953:1999
Table 11 URR test data sheet for single-plane
;ompany:
tests
....................................................................................... ...... ....................................................................................
.ocation of test: ......................................................................... ...............................................................................................
Aachine tested, make: ...................................................
Model: ........................................... ...............................................
Aachine operated by: ...............................................................................................................................................................
leadings taken and logged by: .....................................
Date of test: ........................... .. ......................... .........................
roving rotor, Type:
No.: ......................................
.......................................................
Iaimed
emar = .................................
laimed
Umar = .................................
.... . ... .... ..
Mass: .................................... kg
..................... ............................................. ...........
....... ............... ........ ......................... ............................. ........... ..... gmm
L&ion = ............................................................................ x Umar= ..............................................................................
effective radius: ............................................ .............. mm;
+ave, = 5x
Test mass positions
stationary mass: ............................................................. g
(angles)
traveling
Unbalance
Stationary
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
/,
,,
.
/,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
mass: .............................................................. g
readout
Traveling
Amount
Reading plane 3 divided by U$t~llOn
Plane 3
Plane 3
gmm
u~talion= ........................................................................................................................................................gmm
effective radius: ............................. .... . .... .. . . .... .. mm;
Run
gmmtkg
Amount
Angle
gmm
degrees
Multiple of U~tatiOn
1S/1S0 2953:1999
URR achieved: ..................................... ................. ......................................................................................... ............. ............. ........
Test points plotted by
...................................... . ......................................................................................................................... ....
Figure
9 URR
evaluation
diagram
for single-plane
tests
39
1S/1S0 2953:1999
Test for couple unbalance
11.8
11.8.1
interference
on single-plane
machines
Starting point
On horizontal and vertical single-plane
shall be checked.
balancing
machines,
the ability to suppress
indication
of couple unbalance
Balance the rotor as stated in 11.6.5.
11.8.2
Procedure
Add one test mass each (e.g. the traveling mass of the URR test) in planes 1 and 2 of the rotor, exactly 180 apart,
and take a reading of the static unbalance. Shift the couple unbalance test masses by 90 three times in
succession, each time taking a new reading.
11.8.3
Evaluation
None of the four readings may exceed the value of the attached couple unbalance multiplied
unbalance interference ratio, plus the claimed minimum achievable residual unbalance.
11.9
Compensator
11.9.1
by the claimed couple
test
Starting-point
The compensator
procedure.
NOTE
(used for the indexing
shall provide
a consistent
readout
at the end of the test
This test checks the compensator by simulating the indexing of the rotor by only moving test masses.
Use the balanced
(1 1.6.3).
11.9.2
procedure)
proving rotor (1 1.6.5) or ensure, that the unbalance
is smaller than five times Umar in each plane
Procedure
Add in plane 1
a stationary
a traveling
test mass U~tatiOnat 30 and
test mass Utravel at 150.
Add in plane 2
a traveling
a stationary
test mass Utravel at 30 and
Run the balancing
test mass L&ation at 150.
machine and set the compensator
for the first step according
to the manufacturers
manual.
Move
in plane 1 the traveling
in plane 2 the traveling
procedure.
Run the balancing
test mass Utravel from the 150 position to 330 (1 80 shift),
test mass L&.vel from the 30 position to 210 (1 80 shift), to simulate the indexing
machine and set the compensator
for the second step according to the manufacturers
Remove
in plane 1 the traveling
test mass Ul~avellocated at 330 and
in plane 2 the traveling
test mass L&e,
Run the machine and set the compensator
40
located at 2100.
to read rotor unbalance.
manual.
1S/1S0 2953:1999
11.9.3
Evaluation
The compensator
NOTE
clears the test if readings in both planes are 0,02 U~ktion or less.
The stationary test masses in plane 1 at 30 and in plane 2 at 150 are still in place.
11.10 Simplified
tests
11.10.1 General
If a balancing machine has been type-tested
tests, a reduced effort will suffice.
thoroughly
Both the Umar and the URR test may be simplified
11.10.2
Simplified
before, or a machine
in operation
Umar test
Follow procedures
b)
In 11.6.8, skip evety second angular position, thus reducing the number of runs to 6.
11.6.2 to 11.6.7.
The remaining angles are evenly spread around the rotor, e.g. 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300.
c)
Follow 11.6.9.1 to 11.6.9.3, but calculate the arithmetic
d)
The machine
and 1,12).
No exception
11.10.3
is undergoing
in reducing the number of test runs.
a)
NOTE
periodically
mean value per plane by dividing the sum by 6.
has passed the test if all plotted points are within the range given by the two dotted lines (0,88
is allowed.
Simplified
URR test
a)
Follow 11.7.4 to 11.7.8, but skip all positions being 60 or multiples
each plane. This reduces the number of runs to six.
b)
Enter for the traveling
c)
Make six successive
d)
All test points on the test sheet shall fall within the URR limit circles (or on their lines) that correspond
claimed value for the URR.
No exception
test masses 60 ascending/descending
apart from the stationary
test masses
in
intervals in the log [1 1.7.4.1 f)].
runs (1 1.7.6.3).
to the
is allowed.
41
1S/1S0 2953:1999
Annex A
(normative)
Definitions
NOTE 1
For the convenience
NOTE 2
Modified definitions as agreed upon in WG 1 for a future edition of ISO 1925 are marked ).
of users of this International Standard, some definitions from ISO 1925 are quoted.
A.1
centre of mass
point associated with a body which has the property that an imaginary particle placed at this point with a mass
equal to the mass of a given material system has a first moment with respect to any plane equal to the corresponding first moment of the system)
A.2
rotor
body capable of rotation *J
A.3
journal
that part of a rotor which is supported
radially
andlor
guided
by a bearing
in which it rotates)
A.4
shaft (rotor) axis
straight line joining the journal centres )
A.5
inboard
rotor
two-journal
rotor which has its centre
of mass between
the journals
A.6
outboard
rotor
two-journal
rotor which has its centre
of mass located
other than between
the journals
A.7
unbalance
vector
vector whose magnitude
is the amount
of unbalance
and whose
direction
is the angle
of unbalance
A.8
amount
product
of unbalance
of the unbalance
mass and the distance
(radius)
of its centre
of mass from the shaft axis )
/4.9
angle
polar
of unbalance
angle
coordination
at which
system
an unbalance
in a plane
mass
perpendicular
is located
with reference
A.lo
unbalance mass
mass whose centre is at a distance from the shaft axis )
A.11
residual (final) unbalance
unbalance of any kind that exists in the rotor after balancing
42
to the given
coordinate
to the shaft axis and rotating with the rotor
system,
given
a polar
1S/1S0 2953:1999
A.12
initial unbalance
unbalance of any kind that exists in the rotor before balancing
A.13
resultant unbalance, Vr
vector sum of all unbalance
vectors distributed
along the rotor)
A.14
specific unbalance, e
amount of static unbalance U divided by the mass m of the rotor
A.15
correction (balancing) plane
plane perpendicular
to the shaft axis of a rotor in which correction
A.16
measuring plane
plane perpendicular
to the shaft axis in which the unbalance
A.17
test plane
plane perpendicular
to the shaft axis in which test masses maybe
for unbalance
is made
vector is determined
attached
A.18
test mass
precisely defined mass used in conjunction
NOTE 1
with a proving rotor to test a balancing
machine
The use of the term test weight is deprecated; the term test mass is accepted in international usage.
NOTE 2
The specification for a test mass should include its mass and its centre-of-mass
errors in these values should not have a significant effect on the test results.
location; the aggregate
effect of the
A.19
single plane (static) balancing machine
gravitational or centrifugal balancing machine that provides information for accomplishing single-plane balancing
A.20
dynamic (two-plane) balancing machine
centrifugal balancing machine that furnishes
information
for performing
A.21
balancing machine accuracy
limits within which a given amount and angle of unbalance
two-plane
can be measured
balancing
under specified conditions
A.22
couple unbalance interference ratio
interference ratio Isc is defined by the relationship
L@=uslu~
Us is the change in static unbalance
unbalance Uc is introduced to the rotor
where
indication
of a balancing
machine
when a given amount
NOTE
This ratio is generally used in the testing of single-plane balancing machines and maybe
by the maximum distance between the test planes on a proving rotor.
expressed
of couple
by multiplying it
A.23
plane separation
capability of a balancing
NOTE
machine to minimize the correction
plane interference
ratio.
The term is also used for the related process. )
43
1S/1S0 2953:1999
/4.24
unbalance
reduction
ratio (URR)
ratio of the reduction in the unbalance
URR=UI
U2 ._
,
U1
by a single unbalance
correction
to the initial unbalance
U2
UI
where
U1 is the amount of initial unbalance;
U2
NOTE
NOTE 2
is the amount of unbalance
remaining
after one correction
The unbalance reduction ratio is a measure of the overall efficiency of the unbalance correction.
The ratio is usually given as a percentage.
A.25
minimum
achievable
residual unbalance
smallest value of residual unbalance that a balancing
machine is capable of achieving
A.26
claimed
minimum
achievable
residual
unbalance
smallest value of residual unbalance stated by the manufacturer
the procedure
specified in this International Standard
A.27
proving
(test)
for the machine,
and measured
in accordance
with
rotor
rigid rotor of suitable mass designed for testing balancing machines and balanced sufficiently to permit the
introduction
of exact unbalance by means of additional masses with high reproducibility
of the magnitude and
angular position
44
1S/1S0 2953:1999
Annex B
(informative)
Information
B.1
to be supplied to the balancing machine manufacturer
by the user
General
This annex indicates the type of information that a user should provide to enable a manufacturer
of a balancing
machine to meet his requirements. Adoption of the format suggested below makes it easier for the manufacturer to
assess the users requirements.
B.2
Rotor
B,2.1
te be balanced
Essential
rotor
data
Give limiting factors, such as mass, dimensions,
tolerances,
etc).
If the machine is to be used for series balancing of a limited number of specific rotors, detailed information, including
manufacturers drawings, should be supplied in lieu of table 8.1. If the machine is to be used for many types of
rotors, table B. 1 should be completed for each type. The extreme sizes of rotors that the machine would be required
to balance should be indicated.
B.2.2
Other
rotor
requirements
B.2.2.1 Include detail drawings. If possible, the user should send drawings of typical parts to be balanced. This is
particularly important for rotors with unusual geometv.
B.2.2.2
If correction
planes are located other than between the journals, describe their locations.
B.2.2.3
Is the balancing
(See figure B.1.)
machine to be used with outboard
rotors? If so, what is load B and negative
load at A?
4 .. ..
BL
Figure B.1 Loads
B.2.2.4
Is there a thrust load? If so, give value and direction expected during balancing operation (applicable to
horizontal machines only).
B.2.2.5 Will the user require the manufacturer to supply the necessary
adaptors, pulleys, mounting adaptors, mandrels, etc.?
B.2.2.6
fixtures
and attachments,
such as driving
What is the journal finish, roundness and hardness?
45
1S/1S0 2953:1999
Table B.1 Rotor data
Unitsa
Typical rigid workpiece to be balanced
kg
Vlass
Type b
Quantity c
per hourlday
Production rate required d
Dimensions e
Maximum diameter D
mm
Belt-drive diameter Q g
mm
Maximum length L
mm
Journal diameters d
mm
Distance between journal centres W f
Correctionplane
location
mm
A
B
mm
mm
mm
End clearance on driven end P f
mm
Service speed
rlmin
Critical speed h
rlmin
Moment of inertia i
kg.m2
Air resistance J
Power and speed
kW; rlmin
Maximum initial unbalance k
gmm
Unbalance tolerance I
gmm
Number of correction planes m
Drive n
Correction means 0
a
Circle the units to be used.
Type(s) of rotor(s) and use: for example 4-cylinder crankshaft, flywheel, ventilator, electric rotor, fan.
Approximately how many rotors of the same type are to be balanced in succession before changing over to another type!
If applicable, state the desired productionrate in pieces per hour or day at 100% efficiency.
See figures B.2 and B.3.
Generally applicable only to horizontal machines,
If applicable, state the diameter over which the belt shall drive.
h For multi-bearing rotors, for example crankshafts, state the approximate frequency value of the first flexural critical spee
of the rotor, simply supported in rigid bearings on the two end journals.
I Moment of inartia is ~r2drn over the entire body, where dm is an increment of mass and
axis.
j
Will the part offer substantial air resistance uring the balancing operation? If
correspondingspeed.
SO,
What is the maximum initial unbalance (g.mm) for each selected correction plane?
Unbalance tolerance (g.mm) for each selected correctionplane.
r is
the dktance from the sha
give expected power required and th
m State the number of planes in which correction is to be made. If correction in more than
separately.
two
planes is required, explai
n State the means by which the rotor may be rotated: belt drive, end drive, either belt or end drive, air drive, roller drive, sel
powered drive, band driva, etc.
o
46
State the means of correction intended, for example drilfing,milling, etc., or addition of correction masses.
1S/1S0 2953:1999
~
A
A
I
b
e
- -
..
..
f
\
o
0
= Correction
: B@wing p[anes
Q= Belt-drive
Driven
end
planes
diameter
Figure
6.2 Example
of a horizontal
machine
~o
ul
I
1
1
I
10
1
\
U.J
Ik
-1
a Mounting dimensions, including number of bolt holes and their diameter, or central bore or taper used to mount the rotor in
assembly should be stated.
Figure B.3 Example of a vertical machine
B.2.2.7 Are the rotors to be balanced in their own bearings? If so, give details, for example
maximum outside diameter of bearings, etc.
B.2.2.8
Is a specific balancing
speed desired?
B.2.2.9
Does the user expect the manufacturer
type of bearings,
If so, explain.
to supply the means of correction
B.2.2.1O Are there any other special workpiece properties, for example
effects, etc.?
(drills, milling cutters, etc.)?
rotating
magnetic
fields,
aerodynamic
47
1S/1S0 2953:1999
B.3
Other
requirements
B.3.1 Is the main electrical supply three- or single-phase voltage? Give frequency and maximum possible
deviation (%). If the three-phase system is grounded, is there a neutral lead available? Should the electrical
equipment meet any particular standard or specification?
B.3.2
Is tropical insulation required?
B.3.3
Is compressed air available? At what pressure? With what maximum variation?
B.3.4 Is the floor rigid where the machine will be located, that is, equivalent
earth? How thick is the concrete floor?
6.3.5
State possible sources
average rate of occurrence.
B.3.6
of vibration
in the vicinity:
for example
to a concrete
hammers,
slab laid on compacted
heavy vehicles,
Who will inspect and accept the machine and where? Where are the applicable
etc. State their
specifications?
B.3.7 In which language should the operating instructions and leaflets accompanying the machine preferably be
written? What other languages are also acceptable?
B.3.8
What units should be marked on indicating devices?
B.4
Administrative
requirements
B.4.1 Does the user require the services of a balancing machine service engineer to install and calibrate the
machine?
B.4.2
Does the user require the services of a balancing
machine service engineer to instruct the personnel?
B.4.3
What are the names and addresses
B.4.4
Is the user prepared to send an operator for training by the manufacturer?
B.4.5
Is the user interested
6.4.6
To whom shall the quotation be addressed?
B.4.7
State address to which the machine is to be shipped.
B.4.8
Give any box markings.
B.4.9
Give insurance
of people in users organization
in a maintenance
contract?
instructions.
B.4.1O State, as applicable: FOB (free on board) ... (loading port agreed);
agreed); CIF (cost insurance freight) ... (designation port agreed), etc.
B.4.11
48
Requested
in charge of balancing?
delivery date.
FAS (free alongside
ship) ... (loading pori
1S/1S0 2953:1999
Annex C
(informative)
\#
1
URR limit diagrams
C.1
Basic data
Underlying data for the URR limit diagrams
shown in figures 8 and 9 are listed in tables C.1 and C.2. Even though
they are calculated for U~ktiOn= 30x Um~~,they may be used with sufficient accuracy in the range of L&tion =20 to
60X Umav
Table C,l Two-plane URR limit diagram data
Origin of URR limit circles
Rc
Radii rc of URR limit circles
degrees
degrees
30
25,1
5,89
1,19
0,900
0,605
0,311
60
51,1
5,57
1,13
0,852
0,573
0,295
80
?!0
85
yO
90
Y.
95%
u~tation
90
78,7
5,10
1,04
0,782
0,527
0,272
120
109,1
4,58
0,93
0,704
0,475
0,246
150
143,1
4,16
0,85
0,641
0,433
0,225
180
180,0
4,00
0,82
0,617
0,417
0,217
a is the angle between the stationary mass and the traveling mass.
yis the angle of the resultant vector R.
Rand
rare in multicdesof u..-.,._.
Table C.2 Single-plane
URR limit diagram data
Origin of URR limit circles
~a
degrees
degrees
30
25,1
60
51,1
F/c
Radii rc of URR limit circles
80 %
85 %
90
5,89
1,21
0,916
0,622
0,328
5,57
1,15
0,868
0,590
0,312
Yo
95 %
U,tation
90
78,7
5,10
1,05
0,798
0,543
0,288
120
109,1
4,58
0,95
0,721
0,492
0,262
150
143,1
4,16
0,87
0,658
0,450
0,242
180
180.0
4.00
0.83
0.633
0.433
0.233
NOTE
For footnotes, see table C.1.
49
1S/1S0 2953:1999
C.2
Instructions
URR limit circle
for drawing
diagrams
Proceed as follows (see figure C. I):
a)
use commercially
b)
select a suitable scale so that all circles are within the diagram part of the papec
c)
determine the URR limit circle origin; it is a distance
paper origin;
d)
draw 12 equally spaced radial lines (30 apart) from the URR limit circle origin outwards;
e)
determine the centre of each URR limit circle, omitting the one in vertical direction (towards the top of the
page); the centres are located on each radial line, a distance equivalent to 5 (5x Ustation) from the URR limit
circle origin;
f)
draw concentric
columns
9)
insert
available polar diagram paper or design your own;
circles around
of the selected
an arrow
equivalent
to 1 (1 x fJ~tation) vertically
above the graph
,,
each URR Iimlt circle centre, with radii r (in units of U~tatiOn)as shown in the
URR values
from the graph
in tables C,l
origin
or C.2;
in a vertical
direction
to designate
the position
of the stationary
test
masses;
h)
scale in units of U~tatiOnand insert the appropriate
along the arrow, mark off the amount-of-unbalance
to 6; the diagram is now ready for evaluating the logged URR test data:
C.3 Other
values 1
URR limits
If the URR limit diagrams given in figures 8 and 9 are insufficient, i.e. a machine with another unbalance reduction
ratio is to be tested, an appropriate URR limit diagram can be made up with the help of the instructions given in
clause C.4.
C.4
Instruction
for calculating
URR limit circles
C.4.1
The radii and positions of URR limit circles for commonly used unbalance reduction ratios may be taken
directly from tables C.1 and C.2 The equations given below may serve mainly to substantiate the data in-tables C.1
and C.2, but may also be used to calculate values for R, r and x if different URR values or angles between test
masses are used.
C.4.2 The equation for determining
as follows:
R =
the distance
R between the graph origin and the centre of a URR limit circle is
rrt~2 + rnT2 + 2(rnS mT cosa)
where
50
m~
is the stationary test mass (1 x L&tion);
is the traveling
is the resultant of rrr~ and ~
URR limit circle;
is the angle between the stationary
is the angle between ms and a
is the radius of the URR limit circle;
URR
is the unbalance
test mass (5 x U~btiOn);
reduction
(amount of Unbalance indication)
ratio.
and traveling
test masses;
or distance from graph origin to centre Of
1S/1S0 2953:1999
I1.
C.4.3 The equation
follows:
for determining
the angle y between
the stationary
test mass rrrs and the resultant
R is as
171s2+#. mT2
Cos y =
2m~R
i
C.4.4
For dimensions
of m~, ~,
R and r in multiples
of U~tatiOnand ~
= 5 x ms, the equations
for R and yare as
follows:
R=~26+10cosa
R2 -24
Cos y =
C.4.5
a)
2R
The equation for determining
r the radius of a URR limit circle is as follows:
Two-plane
r=/?(l-URR)+2fi
station
b)
Single-plane
r= R(l-lJRFi)+station
Key
1 Origin of URR limit circles
Origin of traveling
Graph origin (origin of stationary mass)
O axis
Figure C.1 Graphical
determination
mass
of Rand
y from ms, ~
and a
51
1S/1S0 2953:1999
Annex D
(informative
Shafts of outboard proving rotors type C
I
F
[-
I E
F/2
1
..
..
.b
k,
A
Q . .B
L 1
!
1
t
Y;
2
Key
1
2
12equally spaced threaded holes, N
4equally spaced threaded holes,0
Distance ofcentre
NOTE
ofmassto
right-hand bearing plane.
For dimensions see table D,l,
NOTE 2
Dimensions may be varied (e.g. by addition of a belt pulley) provided the mass, position of centre of mass and
position of N between bearings are maintained.
NOTE 3
Interface dimensions (spigot) comply with proving rotors type A.
NOTE 4
End-drive interface dimensions for Nos. 3 to 5 shall be in accordance
NOTE 5
All tolerances and residual unbalance shall be in accordance
with the test aims.
Figure D.1 Shafts of proving rotors type C for outboard
52
with proving rotors type B, Nos. 4 to 6.
tests on horizontal
machines
1S/1S0 2953:1999
Table D.1 Suggested
dimensions and masses of shafts of proving rotors type C for outboard
on horizontal machines (see figure D.1 )
E
E
tests
m
m
e
m
ii
E
E
E
]
E
c
.
c
.
E
E
c
,-
E
E
.-c
.-c
E
E
.-c
E
E
.-c
E
E
.-c
ccl
E
E
E
E
.-c
.-c
E
E
.-c
E
E
.-c
E
E
.-c
E
E
.-c
Con
V-o
53
1S/1S0 2953:1999
Annex E
(informative)
Modification
E.1
Proving
of old (ISO 2953:1985) proving rotors to this International
Standard
rotors
The main differences
type
are the size of threads and test masses.
The easiest adaptation to this International Standard is to use bolts with stepped threads: one end for the tapped
holes in the proving rotor, the other end for the test masses (rings) with the thread recommended now.
E.2
Proving
rotors
a)
shafts.
A few comments
follow.
Test planes
It is recommended
The
to machine all holes in the three planes in one set up.
new test planes
by set screws).
b)
are threads, middle plane (3), number of holes, test masses, shaft diameter and interfacesto
The main differences
cardan
type
Interfaces
(1 and 2) are arranged
best adjacent
to and inside of old planes
(old holes may be closed
Add middle plane (3).
to end drives
The interface may be adapted to this International Standard by an adapter, which becomes
the proving rotor (too large a mass on the cardan shaft side may jeopardize the Umar test).
E.3
Proving
rotors
type C
The main differences are the special shaft and modifications
modification of proving rotor type A, see E.1.
54
an integral part of
on the proving rotor type A. The shaft is a new item; for
1S/1S0 2953:1999
Annex F
(informative)
Bibliography
[1]
ISO 1940-1:1986, Mechanical vibration Balance quality requirements
of permissible residual unbalance.
[2)
ISO 1940-2:1997,
errors.
[3]
ISO 7475:1984,
[4]
SAE ARP 4162, Balancing
Mechanica/
Ba/ancing
vibration
machines
Balance
Enclosures
quality
of rigid rotors Part 1: Determination
requirements
of rigid rotors
Part 2: Balance
and other safety measures.
Machine Proving Rotors.
55
Bureau
of Indian
Standards
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of /ndian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of
goods and attending to connected matters in the country.
Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications maybe
reproduced in any
form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course
of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade
designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications),
Review
of Indian
BIS.
Standards
Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are
also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates
that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision.
Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or
edition by referring to the latest issue of BIS Catalogue and Standards: Monthly Additions.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: No. MED 28 (0894).
Amendments
Amend
No.
Issued
Since
Publication
Text Affected
Date of Issue
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
Headquarters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002
Telephones: 23230131,23233375,2323
9402
website: w.bis.org.in
Regional
Offices:
Central
: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg
NEW DELHI 110002
Eastern
: 1/1 4 C.I.T. Scheme Vll M, V.I.P. Road, Kankurgachi
KOLKATA 700054
Northern
: SCO 335-336,
Southern
: C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI
Western
: Manakalaya, E9 MlDC, Marol, Andheri (East)
MUMBAI 400093
Branches:
Telephones
Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH
AHMEDABAD.
BANGALORE.
GHAZIABAD.
GUWAHATI.
PARWANOO.
PATNA. PUNE.
23237617
{ 23233841
23378499,23378561
{ 23378626,23379120
160022
2603843
{ 2609285
600113
22541216,22541442
{ 22542519,22542315
28329295,28327858
{ 28327891,28327892
BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR.
HYDERABAD.
JAIPUR.
COIMBATORE.
KANPUR.
RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPU
LUCKNOW.
FARIDABAD.
NAGPUR.
RAM. VISAKHAPATNAM.
Printed at Sirnco Printing Press, Delhi
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