MOURYAS
1.
2.
3.
4.
monarchical but advice by ministers
council of ministers(Purohita, Mahamantri, Senapati and Yuvaraja)
civil servants-amatyas
dhamma supervised by dhamma mahamantras
PLACE
UNDER
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Provinces(taxila,Ujjain, suvarnagiri,
kalinga)
Governor
Law &order,taxes
District
Rajukas
Assisted by yuktas
Villages
Gramani
Reported to gopas(incharge of
5-10 villages)
Revenue;
5. Chief-samharta
6. 1/6th of produce
7. Dept of commerce and industry-ensure supply of goods-weights and measures
SANGAM
1. Hereditary monarchy -taken the advice of his minister, court-poet and the imperial court or
avai.
2. Ministers (amaichar), priests (anthanar), military commanders (senapathi), envoys (thuthar)
and spies (orrar).
GUPTA
UNDER
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Empire
king
assisted council consisting
of a chief minister, a
Senapati or commander inchief of the army. high
official called Sandivigrahaminister for foreign affairs.
Province
bhuktis
Uprikas
mostly princes
District
Vishyas
Rajukas
Assisted by yuktas
villages
vishyas
vishypatis
PLACE
City administration-nagara shreshtis
pallavas
1.
2.
3.
4.
well organised state
kottam-officers appointed by king
land grant to temples and Brahmans-exemption from taxes
village assemblies- sabhas- committee- maintain records of lands and etc.
CHALLUKYA
1. highly centralise
2. no village autonomy
3. great maritime
HARSHA
1. Same on line with guptas
2.1/6th tax
3. Public record maintenance
4. Archives dpt special
RASHTRKUTAS
UNDER
Look over
Empire
king
Appointed by king
Province
Rastras
Rastrapatis
Appointed by king
District
Vishyas
vishyapatis
Appointed by king
50-60 vilages
bhuktis
Bhogapatis
Appointed by king
Village head men
Significant role played
PLACE
Villages
NEO-CHOLA
Cent.govt
1.perundanam, sirudanam
Revenue
Called as puravuvarithinaikkalam
Land surveyed
Residential-ur nattam
Land belongs to temples
exempt from tax
PROVINCIAL ADMIN:
PLACE
UNDER
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Empire
King
Appointed by king
Province
mandalam
Rastrapatis
Appointed by king
District
Vishyas
Periyannattur
Nadus
Nattar
Number of autonomous
villages
Villages
Sabhas
30 wards
Uttiramerur(parantaka-1
gave details of villages
councils)
6 committes six different functions of the village administration -memebers called
variyapperumakkal
six variyams1.samvatsaravariyam,
2.erivariyam,
3.thotta variyam,
4.pancha variyam,
4.pon variyam
5.puravuvari variyam
PLACE
UNDER
Look over
Empire
Province
iqtas.
Sultanate
ultimate authority for the
military legal, political
activities.
muqtis or walis
Law and order and collect the
land revenue.
shiqs
shiqdar
pargana
amil
Village
muqaddam or chaudhri
comprising a number of
villages
1. The village remained the
basic unit of the
administration
2. The village accountant
was called patwari.
Delhi sultanate administration
1. The office of the Sultan was the most important in the administrative system-ultimate
authority for the military legal, political activities.
2. Military superiority remained the main factor in matters of succession.
CENT.GOVT
Post
Dept
work
Naib
Sultanate
Enjoyed all the powers of the Sultan and exercised
general control over all the departments.
Wazir
Diwani Wizarat
finance department
Ariz-i-mumalik
Diwani Ariz
Recruiting the soldiers and administering the
military department. He was not the commanderin-chief of the army
chief Sadr
Diwani Rasalat
Religious affairs. Grants were made by this
department for the construction and maintenance
of mosques, tombs and madrasas.
Qazi.
Judicial dept.
judicial department
Diwani Insha
1. department of correspondence
2. All the correspondence between the ruler and
the officials was dealt with by this department
Diwani Kohi
agricultural department
Muhammad bin Tughlaq created a separate
agricultural department
Diwan-i-Khairat
Firoz Tughlaq created
was created to take care of orphans and widows
ECONOMY-LANDS
Post
Dept
1.iqta land
Lands assigned to officials as iqtas instead of payment for
their services.
2. khalisa land
Land under the direct control of the Sultan and the revenues
collected were spent for the maintenance of royal court and
royal household.
3. inam land
land assigned or granted to religious leaders or religious
institutions
Sarais
Rest houses
VIJAYANAGARA
UNDER
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Empire
Sultanate
ultimate authority for the
military legal, political
activities.
Mandalams
The governor of Mandalam
was called Mandaleswara
or Nayak.
law and order and collect
the land revenue.
PLACE
Province
Nadus
sthalas
gramas
MUGHALS
PLACE
Empire
Province
1.
2.
3.
4.
UNDER
Look over
Sultanate
ultimate authority for the
military legal, political
activities.
Forty seven sarkars. Chief Shiqdar (law and
order) and Chief Munsif
(judge)
the two officers in charge
of the administration in
each Sarkar.
Several parganas.
Shiqdar (military
officer),Amin (land
revenue), Fotedar
(treasurer) Karkuns
(accountants)
were in charge of the
administration of each
pargana.
iqtas.
There were also many
administrative units
Diwan i- Wizarat also called as Wazir - in charge of Revenue and Finance.
Diwan-i-Ariz in charge of Army.
Diwan-i-Rasalat- Foreign Minister.
Diwan-i-Insha- Minister for Communications.
Land Revenue Administration;
Akbar-revenue administration -Raja Todar Mal,called as Zabti or Bandobast system
Dahsala System which was completed in 1580. By this system
Todar Mal introduced a uniform system of land measurement. The revenue was fixed on the
average yield of land assessed on the basis of past ten years. The land was also divided into
four categories
Polaj -cultivated every year
Parauti-once in two years
Chachar -once in three or four years
Banjar (once in five or more years).
Payment of revenue was made generally in cash.
Mansabdari System:
1. every officer was assigned a rank (mansab)
2. lowest rank was 10 and the highest was 5000 for the nobles.The ranks were divided into
two zat and sawar. Zat means personal and it fixed the personal status of a person.
3.Sawar rank number of cavalrymen of a person who was required to maintain. Every sawar
had to maintain at least two horses.
Martha kingdom
post
Look over
Peshwa
Finance and general administration. Later he
became the prime minister.
Sar-i-Naubat or Senapati
Military commander,a honorary post.
Amatya
Accountant General.
Waqenavis
Intelligence, posts and household affairs
Sachiv
Correspondence
Sumanta
Master of ceremonies.
Nyayadish
Justice.
Panditarao
Charities and religious administration.
Chauth: was one fourth of the land revenue paid to the Marathas in order to avoid the Maratha
raids.
Sardeshmukhi: was an additional levy of ten percent on those lands which the Marathas claimed
hereditary rights.
